Datasets:

chujiezheng

/

wizard_of_wikipedia

like 2

[ "Blond", "What the heck is eumelanin? I have never heard that term before!", "Interesting! Are blondes more common that brunettes or is about equal?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blond __knowledge__ Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Blond __knowledge__ The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some sort of yellowish color.", "Blond __knowledge__ The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish \"strawberry\" blond or golden-brownish (\"sandy\") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin).", "Blond __knowledge__ On the Fischer–Saller scale, blond color ranges from A (light blond) to O (dark blond).", "Blond __knowledge__ The word \"blond\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"blund, blont\", meaning \"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\".", "Blond __knowledge__ It gradually eclipsed the native term \"fair\", of same meaning, from Old English \"fæġer\", causing \"fair\" later to become a general term for \"light complexioned\".", "Blond __knowledge__ This earlier use of \"fair\" survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English \"fæġer-feahs\" meaning \"blond hair\".", "Blond __knowledge__ The French (and thus also the derived English) word \"blond\" has two possible origins.", "Blond __knowledge__ Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin \"blundus\", meaning \"yellow\", from Old Frankish \"blund\" which would relate it to Old English \"blonden-feax\" meaning \"grey-haired\", from \"blondan/blandan\" meaning \"to mix\" (Cf." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blond __knowledge__ Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Blond __knowledge__ The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some sort of yellowish color.", "Blond __knowledge__ The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish \"strawberry\" blond or golden-brownish (\"sandy\") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin).", "Blond __knowledge__ On the Fischer–Saller scale, blond color ranges from A (light blond) to O (dark blond).", "Blond __knowledge__ The word \"blond\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"blund, blont\", meaning \"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\".", "Blond __knowledge__ It gradually eclipsed the native term \"fair\", of same meaning, from Old English \"fæġer\", causing \"fair\" later to become a general term for \"light complexioned\".", "Blond __knowledge__ This earlier use of \"fair\" survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English \"fæġer-feahs\" meaning \"blond hair\".", "Blond __knowledge__ The French (and thus also the derived English) word \"blond\" has two possible origins.", "Blond __knowledge__ Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin \"blundus\", meaning \"yellow\", from Old Frankish \"blund\" which would relate it to Old English \"blonden-feax\" meaning \"grey-haired\", from \"blondan/blandan\" meaning \"to mix\" (Cf.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Melanin (; from \"melas\", \"black, dark\") is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Melanin is produced by the oxidation of the amino acid tyrosine, followed by polymerization.", "Melanin __knowledge__ The melanin pigments are produced in a specialized group of cells known as melanocytes.", "Melanin __knowledge__ There are three basic types of melanin: eumelanin, pheomelanin, and neuromelanin.", "Melanin __knowledge__ The most common type is eumelanin, of which there are two types—brown eumelanin and black eumelanin.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Pheomelanin is a cysteine that contains red polymer of benzothiazine units largely responsible for red hair, among other pigmentation.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The genetic basis of coat colour in the Labrador Retriever (a highly popular breed of dog) has been studied in detail, and found to depend on several distinct genes.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The interplay between these genes is broadly used as an example of epistasis.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ Labrador Retrievers are a popular breed of dog in many countries.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ There are three recognised colours, black, chocolate, and yellow, that result from the interplay among genes that direct production and expression of two pigments, eumelanin and pheomelanin, in the fur and skin of the dog.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The recognized colours are due to two genes, while a third gene affects the range of colouration observed within the yellow Labrador.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Equine coat color genetics determine a horse's coat color.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ There are many different coat colors possible, but all colors are produced by the action of only a few genes.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ The combination of the extension and agouti loci determine the base coat of a horse.Bay is the original \"wild type\" color of horses.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Ancient remains of horses were tested to be of bay base coat color.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ The Dun test was not available at the time, but those horses were also dun.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ (EE AA DD) Red horses were created with a modification of the extension locus.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Dominant extension mutated into a recessive form.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ When the horse is homozygous for recessive extension (or ee), the horse's base coat will be red.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Brown hair is the second most common human hair color, after black hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ It varies from light brown to almost black hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by higher levels of the dark pigment eumelanin and lower levels of the pale pigment pheomelanin.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Its strands are thicker than those of fair hair but not as much as those of red hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ People with brown hair are often referred to as brunette, which in French is the feminine form of \"brunet,\" the diminutive of \"brun\" (brown, brown-haired or dark-haired).", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Brown hair is common among populations in the Western world, especially among those from Central Europe, Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Southern Cone, the United States, and also some populations in the Greater Middle East where it transitions smoothly into black hair.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ Dark skin is a naturally occurring human skin color that is rich in eumelanin pigments and having a dark color.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ People with relatively dark skin are referred to as brown, and those with very dark skin are often referred to as black, although this usage can be ambiguous in some countries where it is also used to specifically refer to different ethnic groups or populations.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ The evolution of dark skin is believed to have begun around 1.2 million years ago, in light-skinned early hominid species after they moved from the equatorial rainforest to the sunny savannas.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ In the heat of the savannas, better cooling mechanisms were required, which were achieved through the loss of body hair and development of more efficient perspiration.", "Amelanism __knowledge__ Amelanism (also known as amelanosis) is a pigmentation abnormality characterized by the lack of pigments called melanins, commonly associated with a genetic loss of tyrosinase function.", "Amelanism __knowledge__ Amelanism can affect fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals including humans.", "Amelanism __knowledge__ The appearance of an amelanistic animal depends on the remaining non-melanin pigments.", "Amelanism __knowledge__ The opposite of amelanism is melanism, a higher percentage of melanin.", "Amelanism __knowledge__ A similar condition, albinism, is a hereditary condition characterised in animals by the absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, hair, scales, feathers or cuticle.", "Amelanism __knowledge__ This results in an all white animal, usually with pink or red eyes.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is a composite color.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, brown is made by combining red, black, and yellow, or red, yellow, and blue.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, brown is made by combining red and green, in specific proportions.", "Brown __knowledge__ The brown color is seen widely in nature, in wood, soil, human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil.", "Brown __knowledge__ According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, brown is the least favorite color of the public; the color is most often associated with plainness, the rustic, feces, and poverty." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blond __knowledge__ Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Blond __knowledge__ The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some sort of yellowish color.", "Blond __knowledge__ The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish \"strawberry\" blond or golden-brownish (\"sandy\") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin).", "Blond __knowledge__ On the Fischer–Saller scale, blond color ranges from A (light blond) to O (dark blond).", "Blond __knowledge__ The word \"blond\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"blund, blont\", meaning \"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\".", "Blond __knowledge__ It gradually eclipsed the native term \"fair\", of same meaning, from Old English \"fæġer\", causing \"fair\" later to become a general term for \"light complexioned\".", "Blond __knowledge__ This earlier use of \"fair\" survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English \"fæġer-feahs\" meaning \"blond hair\".", "Blond __knowledge__ The French (and thus also the derived English) word \"blond\" has two possible origins.", "Blond __knowledge__ Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin \"blundus\", meaning \"yellow\", from Old Frankish \"blund\" which would relate it to Old English \"blonden-feax\" meaning \"grey-haired\", from \"blondan/blandan\" meaning \"to mix\" (Cf.", "Blonde versus brunette rivalry __knowledge__ One aspect of how women are portrayed in popular culture is a purported rivalry between blondes and brunettes.", "Blonde versus brunette rivalry __knowledge__ The rivalry is a cultural phenomenon found in many countries that have significant populations of both blondes and brunettes to include: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, New Zealand, the Republic of Ireland, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.", "Blonde versus brunette rivalry __knowledge__ In the United States, evidence of a blonde versus brunette rivalry is common in the popular media and especially in television and film.", "Blonde versus brunette rivalry __knowledge__ The tension between blondes and brunettes dates back to at least ancient Greece where women with blonde hair were prized for their beauty and other women used chemical formulas to lighten their dark hair as a means of heightening their sexual attractivness with men.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ Blonde stereotypes are stereotypes of blond haired people, especially women.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ Its sub-types include blonde bombshell and dumb blonde.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ Blondes are differently stereotyped from brunettes as more desirable and less intelligent.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ There are many blonde jokes made on those premises.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ Although said jokes are chiefly aimed at women, there have been blonde stereotypes sometimes associated with men, such as \"dumb jocks\" or \"surfer dudes\".", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ There are several aspects to the stereotypical perception of blonde-haired women.", "Blonde stereotype __knowledge__ On one hand, over history, blonde hair in women has often been considered attractive and desirable.", "But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes __knowledge__ But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes is a 1927 novel written by Anita Loos.", "But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes __knowledge__ It is the sequel to her 1925 novel \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\".", "But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes __knowledge__ \"But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\" follows the further adventures of Lorelei Lee and Dorothy Shaw and is illustrated by Ralph Barton.", "But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes __knowledge__ As a sequel to the 1953 film \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\", the 1955 film \"Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\" used only the book's name and starred Jane Russell and Jeanne Crain playing characters who were the daughters of Dorothy Shaw.", "But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes __knowledge__ Originally published in 1927, \"But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\" is the sequel to Anita Loos' \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\".", "Anita Loos __knowledge__ Anita Loos (April 26, 1889 – August 18, 1981) was an American screenwriter, playwright and author, best known for her blockbuster comic novel, \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\".", "Anita Loos __knowledge__ She wrote film scripts from 1912, and became arguably the first-ever staff scriptwriter, when D.W. Griffith put her on the payroll at Triangle Film Corporation.", "Anita Loos __knowledge__ She went on to write many of the Douglas Fairbanks films, as well as the stage adaptation of Colette’s \"Gigi\".", "Anita Loos __knowledge__ Anita Loos was born Corinne Anita Loos in Sisson, California (today Mount Shasta), to Richard Beers Loos and Minnie Ellen Smith.", "Anita Loos __knowledge__ Loos had two siblings: Gladys and Clifford (Harry Clifford), a physician and co-founder of the Ross-Loos Medical Group.", "Brunettes Shoot Blondes __knowledge__ Brunettes Shoot Blondes is a Ukrainian indie rock band, founded in early 2010 and based out of Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine.", "Brunettes Shoot Blondes __knowledge__ The group gained international recognition in September 2014 for an animated music video to their song \"Knock Knock\".", "Brunettes Shoot Blondes __knowledge__ The video went viral, receiving more than five million YouTube views in the 10 days after its release.", "Brunettes Shoot Blondes __knowledge__ In early 2015, the band developed their unique music video style for the song 'Bittersweet', made in partnership with German automobile manufacturer Opel.", "Brunettes Shoot Blondes __knowledge__ Brunettes Shoot Blondes currently has no contract with any record labels, instead promoting the band independently.", "Blondes vs. Brunettes (charity event) __knowledge__ Blondes vs. Brunettes is a powderpuff football game played in cities across the United States.", "Blondes vs. Brunettes (charity event) __knowledge__ Proceeds from the event are donated to The Alzheimer's Association.", "Blondes vs. Brunettes (charity event) __knowledge__ Games have been held in more than 40 cities and have cumulatively raised more than $5 Million for the care, support and research efforts of the Association.", "Blondes vs. Brunettes (charity event) __knowledge__ The annual contests were started by Sara Allen Abbott whose father, Texas State Representative Joseph Hugh Allen, died of Alzheimer's disease in 2008.", "Blondes vs. Brunettes (charity event) __knowledge__ Looking for a way to raise funds for the Alzheimer's Association, Abbott organized a powder puff football game in tribute to her father, a lifelong football fan.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Brown hair is the second most common human hair color, after black hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ It varies from light brown to almost black hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by higher levels of the dark pigment eumelanin and lower levels of the pale pigment pheomelanin.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Its strands are thicker than those of fair hair but not as much as those of red hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ People with brown hair are often referred to as brunette, which in French is the feminine form of \"brunet,\" the diminutive of \"brun\" (brown, brown-haired or dark-haired).", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Brown hair is common among populations in the Western world, especially among those from Central Europe, Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Southern Cone, the United States, and also some populations in the Greater Middle East where it transitions smoothly into black hair.", "Color theory __knowledge__ In the visual arts, color theory or colour theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.", "Color theory __knowledge__ There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.", "Color theory __knowledge__ Although color theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of \"colory theory\" began in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy over Isaac Newton's theory of color (\"Opticks\", 1704) and the nature of primary colors.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "Pigment __knowledge__ A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption.", "Pigment __knowledge__ This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which a material emits light.", "Pigment __knowledge__ Many materials selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light.", "Pigment __knowledge__ Materials that humans have chosen and developed for use as pigments usually have special properties that make them ideal for coloring other materials.", "Pigment __knowledge__ A pigment must have a high tinting strength relative to the materials it colors.", "Pigment __knowledge__ It must be stable in solid form at ambient temperatures.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is a composite color.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, brown is made by combining red, black, and yellow, or red, yellow, and blue.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, brown is made by combining red and green, in specific proportions.", "Brown __knowledge__ The brown color is seen widely in nature, in wood, soil, human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil.", "Brown __knowledge__ According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, brown is the least favorite color of the public; the color is most often associated with plainness, the rustic, feces, and poverty.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.", "Yellow __knowledge__ Yellow is the color between green and orange on the spectrum of visible light.", "Yellow __knowledge__ It is evoked by light with a dominant wavelength of roughly 570590 nm.", "Yellow __knowledge__ It is a primary color in subtractive color systems, used in painting or color printing.", "Yellow __knowledge__ In the RGB color model, used to create colors on television and computer screens, yellow is a secondary color made by combining red and green at equal intensity.", "Yellow __knowledge__ Carotenoids give the characteristic yellow color to autumn leaves, corn, canaries, daffodils, and lemons, as well as egg yolks, buttercups, and bananas.", "Yellow __knowledge__ They absorb light energy and protect plants from photodamage." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 11 ]

[ "I have blonde hair! I recently learned that it's characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin!", "It's a pigment! Specific blond hues depend on many things, but I guess it always results in some sort of yellowish color. ", "Brown hair is a bit more common, but there is a huge rivalry between blondes and brunettes! It's really a cultural phenomenon in many countries including the US, Canada and the UK! I think that's kind of silly!" ]

[ "Blond", "Blond", "Blond" ]

[ "Ozark Trail (hiking trail)", "I've never went hiking before! Where is the Ozark Trail located?", "That sounds like a long journey. How do people get started in hiking?", "What about gear? Anything you recommend or have any tips for beginners? Wow that sounds fun, definitely add Ozark Trial to my bucket list." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The Ozark Trail is a hiking, backpacking, and, in many places, biking and equestrian trail under construction in the Missouri Ozarks in the United States.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ It is intended to reach from St. Louis to Arkansas.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Over of the trail have been completed as of 2008, and the estimated length when finished will be at least .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ When joined to the Ozark Highlands Trail in Arkansas, the full hiking distance from end to end will be at least , not including a large loop through the St. Francois Mountains in Missouri.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The trail is currently composed of thirteen sections, most of which are joined to other sections, though some gaps exist.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The sections vary in length from .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The longest continuous stretch available for hiking in is , from Onondaga Cave State Park to the Eleven Point River.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The exact routes for incomplete sections have not been established, so the total length of the trail when completed remains undetermined.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Some sections have restrictions on their use in order to be compatible with the goals and purposes of the various public and private landholders whose property the trail crosses.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Horseback riding, mountain biking, or trail side camping may be restricted in certain environmentally sensitive areas." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The Ozark Trail is a hiking, backpacking, and, in many places, biking and equestrian trail under construction in the Missouri Ozarks in the United States.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ It is intended to reach from St. Louis to Arkansas.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Over of the trail have been completed as of 2008, and the estimated length when finished will be at least .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ When joined to the Ozark Highlands Trail in Arkansas, the full hiking distance from end to end will be at least , not including a large loop through the St. Francois Mountains in Missouri.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The trail is currently composed of thirteen sections, most of which are joined to other sections, though some gaps exist.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The sections vary in length from .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The longest continuous stretch available for hiking in is , from Onondaga Cave State Park to the Eleven Point River.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The exact routes for incomplete sections have not been established, so the total length of the trail when completed remains undetermined.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Some sections have restrictions on their use in order to be compatible with the goals and purposes of the various public and private landholders whose property the trail crosses.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Horseback riding, mountain biking, or trail side camping may be restricted in certain environmentally sensitive areas.", "Ozark Trail (auto trail) __knowledge__ The Ozark Trail was a network of locally maintained roads and highways organized by the Ozark Trails Association that predated the United States federal highway system.", "Ozark Trail (auto trail) __knowledge__ The roads ran from St. Louis, Missouri, to El Paso, Texas, and Santa Fe, New Mexico, over a series of routes.", "Ozark Trail (auto trail) __knowledge__ These roads were maintained by both private citizens and local communities.", "Ozark Trail (auto trail) __knowledge__ In one case, however, the US government was directly involved; it built the Ozark Trail Bridge in 1925 over the South Canadian River between Newcastle, Oklahoma, and Oklahoma City, as the first federal highway project built in Oklahoma.", "Ozark Trail (auto trail) __knowledge__ These roads comprised the major highway system in the region until U.S. Highway 66 was built in the 1920s.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ Swisher County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, its population was 7,854.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ Its county seat is Tulia.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1890.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ It is named for James G. Swisher, a soldier of the Texas Revolution and signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ At one time, the large JA Ranch, founded by Charles Goodnight and John George Adair, and later owned by Goodnight and Cornelia Adair, reached into six counties, including Swisher.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ Apachean cultures roamed the county until Comanche dominated around 1700.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ The Comanches were defeated by the United States Army in the Red River War of 1874.", "Pine Ridge, Oklahoma __knowledge__ Pine Ridge is an unincorporated community in Hale Township, Caddo County, Oklahoma, United States.", "Pine Ridge, Oklahoma __knowledge__ It is located south of Fort Cobb at the junction of County Road 1380 and County Street 2550.", "Pine Ridge, Oklahoma __knowledge__ During the community's heyday in the 1940s there was a hub of activity at the main junction of the Ozark Trail and the Fort Cobb road, with a grocery store and two churches, Hopewell Missionary Baptist Church and Pine Ridge Church of Christ (which later merged into the Fort Cobb Church of Christ).", "Pine Ridge, Oklahoma __knowledge__ Today only the ruins of the Baptist Church building, the Pleasant Valley Cemetery, and the Pine Ridge electrical substation remain.", "Ozark, Arkansas __knowledge__ Ozark is a city in Franklin County, Arkansas, United States and one of the county's two seats of government.", "Ozark, Arkansas __knowledge__ The community is located along the Arkansas River in the Arkansas River Valley on the southern edge of the Ozark Mountains.", "Ozark, Arkansas __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census it had a population of 3,684.", "Ozark, Arkansas __knowledge__ Incorporated in 1850, Ozark is adjacent to much of Arkansas wine country, and contains a bridge to cross the Arkansas River for travelers heading to points south.", "Ozark, Arkansas __knowledge__ The city is also located on Arkansas Highway 23, nicknamed the Pig Trail Scenic Byway, known for its steep drops, sharp curves and scenic mountain views.", "Ozarks __knowledge__ The Ozarks, also referred to as the Ozark Mountains and Ozark Plateau, is a physiographic region in the U.S. states of Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas.", "Ozarks __knowledge__ The Ozarks cover a significant portion of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, extending from Interstate 40 in Arkansas to the suburbs of St. Louis.", "Ozarks __knowledge__ A portion of the Ozarks extends into northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas.", "Ozarks __knowledge__ There are two mountain ranges within the Ozarks: the Boston Mountains of Arkansas and the St. Francois Mountains of Missouri.", "Ozarks __knowledge__ Buffalo Lookout, the highest point in the Ozarks, is located in the Boston Mountains.", "Roger Pryor Pioneer Backcountry __knowledge__ The Roger Pryor Pioneer Backcountry is a area of private land that is managed by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources for hiking and backpacking by the public.", "Roger Pryor Pioneer Backcountry __knowledge__ The land is part of the largest private forest in the state, the Pioneer Forest, owned by the L-A-D Foundation endowed by former owner Leo Drey.", "Roger Pryor Pioneer Backcountry __knowledge__ The area is crossed by of trails: the Blair Creek Section of the Ozark Trail, the Brushy Creek Trail, and a Laxton Hollow Trail, which connects to the Ozark Trail.", "Roger Pryor Pioneer Backcountry __knowledge__ An additional trail is under construction, the Current River Trail will eventually connect the new Round Spring State Park, which is a few miles west of the backcountry area, to Brushy Creek Trail.", "Scouting in Missouri __knowledge__ Scouting in Missouri has a long history, from the 1910s to the present day, serving thousands of youth in programs that suit the environment in which they live.", "Scouting in Missouri __knowledge__ According to William D. Murray, who was a charter member of the Executive Board of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) when it incorporated on February 8, 1910, the first \"Troop\" to form in Missouri was formed by an Englishman in Sedalia, MO sometime in 1908 or 1909.", "Scouting in Missouri __knowledge__ In his 1937 book \"The History of the Boy Scouts of America\" he goes on to say that this man had even gone so far as to appoint field representatives in other states as well.", "Scouting in Missouri __knowledge__ The 1938 National Order of the Arrow Lodge Meeting was held at Irondale, Missouri.", "Missouri __knowledge__ Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States.", "Missouri __knowledge__ With over six million residents, it is the 18th-most populous state of the Union.", "Missouri __knowledge__ The largest urban areas are Kansas City, St. Louis, Springfield, and Columbia; the capital is Jefferson City, located on the Missouri River.", "Missouri __knowledge__ The state is the 21st-most extensive in area.", "Missouri __knowledge__ In the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation.", "Missouri __knowledge__ The Mississippi River forms the eastern border of the state.", "Missouri __knowledge__ Humans have inhabited the land now known as Missouri for at least 12,000 years.", "Missouri __knowledge__ The Mississippian culture built cities and mounds, before declining in the 1300s.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ The history of Missouri begins with settlement of the region by indigenous people during the Paleo-Indian period beginning in about 12,000 BC.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Subsequent periods of native life emerged until the 17th century.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ New France set up small settlements, and in 1803 Napoleonic France sold the area to the U.S. as part of the Louisiana Purchase.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Statehood for Missouri came following a compromise in 1820 that allowed slavery.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Settlement was rapid after 1820, aided by a network of rivers navigable by steamboats, centered in the dominant city St. Louis.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ It attracted European immigrants, especially Germans; the business community had a large Yankee element as well.", "Taum Sauk Mountain __knowledge__ Taum Sauk Mountain in the Saint Francois Mountains is the highest natural point in the U.S. state of Missouri at 1,772 feet (540 m).", "Taum Sauk Mountain __knowledge__ The topography of Taum Sauk is that of a somewhat flat ridge rather than a peak.", "Taum Sauk Mountain __knowledge__ While relatively low in terms of elevation at compared to , Taum Sauk and the St. Francois range are true mountains, being the result of a volcanic orogeny.", "Taum Sauk Mountain __knowledge__ Whereas vertical relief in the rest of the Ozarks region is the result of erosion of sedimentary strata, the St. Francois are an ancient Precambrian igneous uplift several times older than the Appalachians.", "Taum Sauk Mountain __knowledge__ Geologists believe that Taum Sauk and its neighbors may be among the few areas in the US never to have been submerged in ancient seas." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The Ozark Trail is a hiking, backpacking, and, in many places, biking and equestrian trail under construction in the Missouri Ozarks in the United States.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ It is intended to reach from St. Louis to Arkansas.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Over of the trail have been completed as of 2008, and the estimated length when finished will be at least .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ When joined to the Ozark Highlands Trail in Arkansas, the full hiking distance from end to end will be at least , not including a large loop through the St. Francois Mountains in Missouri.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The trail is currently composed of thirteen sections, most of which are joined to other sections, though some gaps exist.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The sections vary in length from .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The longest continuous stretch available for hiking in is , from Onondaga Cave State Park to the Eleven Point River.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The exact routes for incomplete sections have not been established, so the total length of the trail when completed remains undetermined.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Some sections have restrictions on their use in order to be compatible with the goals and purposes of the various public and private landholders whose property the trail crosses.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Horseback riding, mountain biking, or trail side camping may be restricted in certain environmentally sensitive areas.", "People Get Ready __knowledge__ \"People Get Ready\" is a 1965 single by the Impressions, and the title track from the \"People Get Ready\" album.", "People Get Ready __knowledge__ The single is the group's best-known hit, reaching number-three on the Billboard R&B Chart and number 14 on the Billboard Pop Chart.", "People Get Ready __knowledge__ The gospel-influenced track was a Curtis Mayfield composition that displayed the growing sense of social and political awareness in his writing.", "People Get Ready __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" magazine named \"People Get Ready\" the 24th greatest song of all time and also placed it at number 20 on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks.", "People Get Ready __knowledge__ The song was included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "I Can't Get Started __knowledge__ \"I Can't Get Started\" (also known as \"I Can't Get Started with You\" or \"I Can't Get Started (with You)\") is a popular song, with lyrics by Ira Gershwin and music by Vernon Duke (1936), that was first heard in the theatrical production \"Ziegfeld Follies of 1936\" where it was sung by Bob Hope.", "I Can't Get Started __knowledge__ Hal Kemp and his Orchestra recorded it at that time and it had a bit of popularity, rising briefly to 14th place on the recording charts.", "I Can't Get Started __knowledge__ Probably the three most popular vintage recorded versions are those of Bunny Berigan, Billie Holiday and Frank Sinatra.", "I Can't Get Started __knowledge__ \"I Can't Get Started\" is the plaintive song of a man who has achieved and won everything he could hope for, except the attention of the woman he desires.", "Our Version of Events __knowledge__ Our Version of Events is the debut studio album by Scottish recording artist Emeli Sandé.", "Our Version of Events __knowledge__ The album was released on 13 February 2012 by Virgin Records, following Sandé's winning of the Critic's Choice Award at the BRIT Awards 2012.", "Our Version of Events __knowledge__ Though \"Our Version of Events\" is her first release, Sandé has been active in the industry since 2009, most notable appearing on singles by Chipmunk (\"Diamond Rings\") and Wiley (\"Never Be Your Woman\").", "Our Version of Events __knowledge__ The album features R&B, soul and pop music.", "Our Version of Events __knowledge__ Sandé began working with Alicia Keys for the album, and for Keys' upcoming album.", "Our Version of Events __knowledge__ She also expressed interest in working with Nicki Minaj on the album.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "T. K. Seung __knowledge__ T. K. Seung is a Korean American philosopher and literary critic.", "T. K. Seung __knowledge__ His academic interests cut across diverse philosophical and literary subjects, including ethics, political philosophy, philosophy of law, cultural hermeneutics, and ancient Chinese philosophy.", "T. K. Seung __knowledge__ He is the Jesse H. Jones Professor in Liberal Arts, at the University of Texas at Austin.", "T. K. Seung __knowledge__ Seung was born on September 20, 1930, the eldest of three children, near the city of Chongju in North Pyongan Province.", "T. K. Seung __knowledge__ He attended Chongju Middle School, where he was exposed to Western-style education.", "T. K. Seung __knowledge__ In 1947, he escaped from North Korea, crossing the 38th parallel with a few friends.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ The history of Missouri begins with settlement of the region by indigenous people during the Paleo-Indian period beginning in about 12,000 BC.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Subsequent periods of native life emerged until the 17th century.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ New France set up small settlements, and in 1803 Napoleonic France sold the area to the U.S. as part of the Louisiana Purchase.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Statehood for Missouri came following a compromise in 1820 that allowed slavery.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Settlement was rapid after 1820, aided by a network of rivers navigable by steamboats, centered in the dominant city St. Louis.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ It attracted European immigrants, especially Germans; the business community had a large Yankee element as well.", "Missouri __knowledge__ Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States.", "Missouri __knowledge__ With over six million residents, it is the 18th-most populous state of the Union.", "Missouri __knowledge__ The largest urban areas are Kansas City, St. Louis, Springfield, and Columbia; the capital is Jefferson City, located on the Missouri River.", "Missouri __knowledge__ The state is the 21st-most extensive in area.", "Missouri __knowledge__ In the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation.", "Missouri __knowledge__ The Mississippi River forms the eastern border of the state.", "Missouri __knowledge__ Humans have inhabited the land now known as Missouri for at least 12,000 years.", "Missouri __knowledge__ The Mississippian culture built cities and mounds, before declining in the 1300s.", "Missouri River __knowledge__ The Missouri River is the longest river in North America.", "Missouri River __knowledge__ Rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana, the Missouri flows east and south for before entering the Mississippi River north of St. Louis, Missouri.", "Missouri River __knowledge__ The river takes drainage from a sparsely populated, semi-arid watershed of more than half a million square miles (1,300,000 km), which includes parts of ten U.S. states and two Canadian provinces.", "Missouri River __knowledge__ When combined with the lower Mississippi River, it forms the world's fourth longest river system.", "Missouri River __knowledge__ For over 12,000 years, people have depended on the Missouri River and its tributaries as a source of sustenance and transportation.", "History of Arkansas __knowledge__ The history of Arkansas began millennia ago when humans first crossed into North America.", "History of Arkansas __knowledge__ Many tribes used Arkansas as their hunting lands but the main tribe was the Quapaw who settled in Arkansas River delta upon moving south from Illinois.", "History of Arkansas __knowledge__ Early French explorers gave the territory its name, a corruption of Akansea, which is a phonetic spelling of the Illinois word for the Quapaw.", "History of Arkansas __knowledge__ This phonetic heritage explains why \"Arkansas\" is pronounced so differently than \"Kansas\" even though they share the same spelling.", "History of Arkansas __knowledge__ What began as a rough wilderness inhabited by trappers and hunters became incorporated into the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and became Arkansas Territory in 1819.", "Arkansas Territorial Militia __knowledge__ The Arkansas Territorial Militia was the forerunner of today's Arkansas National Guard.", "Arkansas Territorial Militia __knowledge__ The current Arkansas Army National Guard traces its roots to the creation of the territorial militia of the District of Louisiana in 1804.", "Arkansas Territorial Militia __knowledge__ As the District of Louisiana evolved into the Territory of Missouri and the first counties were organized, regiments of the Missouri territorial militia were formed in present-day Arkansas.", "Arkansas Territorial Militia __knowledge__ territorial governors struggled to form a reliable militia system in the sparsely populated territory.", "Arkansas Territorial Militia __knowledge__ When the Arkansas Territory was formed from the Missouri Territory, the militia was reorganized, gradually evolving from a single brigade composed of nine regiments to an entire division composed of six brigades, each containing four to six regiments.", "Missouri in the American Civil War __knowledge__ During the American Civil War, Missouri was a hotly contested border state populated by both Union and Confederate sympathizers.", "Missouri in the American Civil War __knowledge__ It sent armies, generals, and supplies to both sides, was represented with a star on both flags, maintained dual governments, and endured a bloody neighbor-against-neighbor intrastate war within the larger national war.", "Missouri in the American Civil War __knowledge__ A slave state since statehood in 1821, Missouri's geographic position in the center of the country and at the rural edge of the American frontier ensured that it remained a divisive battleground for competing Northern and Southern ideologies in the years preceding the war.", "St. Louis __knowledge__ St. Louis () is an independent city and major U.S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, which marks Missouri's border with Illinois.", "St. Louis __knowledge__ The city had an estimated 2016 population of 311,404, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States.", "St. Louis __knowledge__ Prior to European settlement, the area was a major regional center of Native American Mississippian culture.", "St. Louis __knowledge__ The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Laclède and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The Ozark Trail is a hiking, backpacking, and, in many places, biking and equestrian trail under construction in the Missouri Ozarks in the United States.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ It is intended to reach from St. Louis to Arkansas.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Over of the trail have been completed as of 2008, and the estimated length when finished will be at least .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ When joined to the Ozark Highlands Trail in Arkansas, the full hiking distance from end to end will be at least , not including a large loop through the St. Francois Mountains in Missouri.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The trail is currently composed of thirteen sections, most of which are joined to other sections, though some gaps exist.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The sections vary in length from .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The longest continuous stretch available for hiking in is , from Onondaga Cave State Park to the Eleven Point River.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The exact routes for incomplete sections have not been established, so the total length of the trail when completed remains undetermined.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Some sections have restrictions on their use in order to be compatible with the goals and purposes of the various public and private landholders whose property the trail crosses.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Horseback riding, mountain biking, or trail side camping may be restricted in certain environmentally sensitive areas.", "Gaganbawada __knowledge__ Gaganbawada is a town situated in the district of Kolhapur in Maharashtra, India.", "Gaganbawada __knowledge__ It is located 55 km by road from Kolhapur.", "Gaganbawada __knowledge__ It is the taluka headquarters.", "Gaganbawada __knowledge__ Gaganbawada is situated on the sahyadri range or the western ghats also has a very famous fort Gagangad near it.", "Gaganbawada __knowledge__ Gaganbawada, though only 55 km from Kolhapur, is non developed and hilly area of the district.", "Gaganbawada __knowledge__ Gaganbawada gets the maximum rainfall during rainy season.", "Gaganbawada __knowledge__ Gaganbawada is on threshold of famous Karul Ghat & Bhuibawada Ghat.", "Gaganbawada __knowledge__ Perhaps the only place having two ghats originating at a single place but going towards different directions, one towards Talere-Kankavali (Karul Ghat) and another towards Kharepatan-Rajapur (Bhuibawada Ghat).", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ The Bucket List is a 2007 American comedy-drama film directed by Rob Reiner, produced by Reiner, Alan Greisman, Craig Zadan and Neil Meron, written by Justin Zackham, and starring Jack Nicholson and Morgan Freeman.", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ The main plot follows two terminally ill men (portrayed by Nicholson and Freeman) on their road trip with a wish list of things to do before they \"kick the bucket\", from which the movie's title gets its name.", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ The film premiered on December 15, 2007 in Hollywood.", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ It opened in limited release in the United States and Canada on December 25, 2007 and was distributed by Warner Bros.", "The Bucket List __knowledge__ The film opened in wide release in the United States and Canada on January 11, 2008 and was released in the United Kingdom on February 8, 2008, and in Australia on February 21, 2008.", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ \"Billy's Bucket List\" is the final episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series \"Adventure Time\".", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ The episode was written and storyboarded by Ako Castuera and Jesse Moynihan, from a story by Kent Osborne, Pendleton Ward, Jack Pendarvis, and Adam Muto.", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ It originally aired on Cartoon Network on March 17, 2014.", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ The episode guest stars Lou Ferrigno, Andy Samberg, and Mark Hamill; Castuera herself also voiced a character.", "Billy's Bucket List __knowledge__ The series follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will.", "The Texas Bucket List __knowledge__ The Texas Bucket List is a weekly syndicated television program hosted by Shane McAuliffe and produced by McAuliffe Productions, LLC based in College Station, Texas.", "The Texas Bucket List __knowledge__ The show airs on twenty-two Texas media markets and stations in Laughlin, Nevada, Greenville, North Carolina, and Knoxville, Tennessee.", "The Texas Bucket List __knowledge__ \"The Texas Bucket List\" airs two seasons in a year, and each season is 13 episodes long and includes show segments covering historic and unique locations, annual events, and musicians in Texas as well as a \"Burger of the Week\" segment.", "The Texas Bucket List __knowledge__ \"The Texas Bucket List\" posts its show segments on its website as well as its YouTube channel, and completed its sixth season in the spring of 2016.", "Leaky bucket __knowledge__ The leaky bucket is an algorithm based on an analogy of how a bucket with a leak will overflow if either the average rate at which water is poured in exceeds the rate at which the bucket leaks or if more water than the capacity of the bucket is poured in all at once, and how the water leaks from the bucket at an (almost) constant rate.", "Leaky bucket __knowledge__ It can be used to determine whether some sequence of discrete events conforms to defined limits on their average and peak rates or frequencies, or to directly limit the actions associated to these events to these rates, and may be used to limit these actions to an average rate alone, i.e.", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ The \"Metal Gear\" franchise features a large number of characters created by Hideo Kojima and designed by Yoji Shinkawa.", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ Its setting features several soldiers with supernatural powers provided by the new advancements of science.", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ The series follows mercenary Solid snak_a given government missions of finding the Metal Gear weapon, resulting in encounters with Gray Fox and Big Boss in Outer Heaven (\"Metal Gear\") and Zanzibar Land (\"\").", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ Later, Solid Snake meets Otacon and opposes Liquid Snake's FOXHOUND in \"Metal Gear Solid\" then assists Raiden in fighting both Solidus Snake and the Patriots in \"\".", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ Additionally, there are several prequel games that follows Big Boss's past and legend development as well as the origins of FOXHOUND, Outer Heaven and the Patriots.", "Justin Zackham __knowledge__ Justin Zackham is an American and British screenwriter, director and producer.", "Justin Zackham __knowledge__ He wrote the hit films \"The Bucket List\", \"One Chance\", and the FX series \"Lights Out\", and \"The Big Wedding\", which he also directed.", "Justin Zackham __knowledge__ Zackham graduated from NYU Film School.", "Justin Zackham __knowledge__ After moving to Los Angeles in the 1990s, Zackham wrote himself a \"List of Things to Do Before I Kick the Bucket\", which he shortened to \"Justin's Bucket List\".", "Justin Zackham __knowledge__ The first item on the list was to get a movie made at a major Hollywood studio.", "Justin Zackham __knowledge__ Several years later, that list became the idea for a screenplay which he wrote on spec before submitting to producers, nearly all of whom turned him down.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain biking is the sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, using specially designed mountain bikes.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain biking can generally be broken down into multiple categories: cross country, trail riding, all mountain (also referred to as \"Enduro\"), downhill, freeride and dirt jumping.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ However, the majority of mountain biking falls into the categories of Trail and Cross Country riding styles.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ The sport requires endurance, core strength and balance, bike handling skills, and self-reliance.", "Trail __knowledge__ A trail is usually a path, track or unpaved lane or road.", "Trail __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland path or footpath is the preferred term for a walking trail.", "Trail __knowledge__ The term is also applied, in North America, to routes along rivers, and sometimes to highways.", "Trail __knowledge__ In the US, the term was historically used for a route into or through wild territory used by emigrants (e.g.", "Trail __knowledge__ the Oregon Trail).", "Trail __knowledge__ Some trails are single use and can only be used for walking, cycling, horse riding, snowshoeing, and cross-country skiing; others, as in the case of a bridleway in the UK, are multi-use, and can be used by walkers, cyclists and equestrians.", "Downhill mountain biking __knowledge__ Downhill mountain biking (DH) is a genre of mountain biking practiced on steep, rough terrain that often features jumps, drops, rock gardens and other obstacles.", "Downhill mountain biking __knowledge__ Downhill bikes are heavier and stronger than other mountain bikes and feature front and rear suspension with over 8 inches (20 cm) of travel, to glide quickly over rocks and tree roots.", "Downhill mountain biking __knowledge__ In competitive races, a continuous course is defined on each side by a strip of tape.", "Downhill mountain biking __knowledge__ Depending on the format, riders have a single or double attempt to reach the finish line as fast as possible, while remaining between the two tapes designating the course.", "Blue Knob State Park __knowledge__ Blue Knob State Park is a Pennsylvania state park in Kimmel, Lincoln, and Pavia townships in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.", "Blue Knob State Park __knowledge__ The average annual snowfall at the park is about .", "Blue Knob State Park __knowledge__ The park is named for Blue Knob, the second highest mountain in Pennsylvania at .", "Blue Knob State Park __knowledge__ It is the location of Blue Knob All Seasons Resort, the ski slope in Pennsylvania with the highest elevation.", "Blue Knob State Park __knowledge__ Blue Knob State Park is just off Interstate 99 on Pennsylvania Route 869 west of Pavia.", "Blue Knob State Park __knowledge__ The earliest settlers to the Blue Knob area were of German descent.", "Blue Knob State Park __knowledge__ They cleared and farmed the land soon after the American Revolution.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ A mountain bike or mountain bicycle (abbreviated Mtn Bike or MTB) is a bicycle designed for off-road cycling.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes, but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ These typically include a front or full suspension, large knobby tires, more durable wheels, more powerful brakes, and lower gear ratios for climbing steep grades.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Mountain bikes are typically ridden on mountain trails, singletrack, fire roads, and other unpaved surfaces.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ This type of terrain commonly has rocks, roots, loose dirt, and steep grades.", "Kisatchie National Forest __knowledge__ Kisatchie National Forest, the only National forest in Louisiana, United States, is located in the forested piney hills and hardwood bottoms of seven central and northern parishes.", "Kisatchie National Forest __knowledge__ It is part of the Cenozoic uplands (some of Louisiana's oldest rocks) and has large areas of longleaf pine forests (a forest type that has declined significantly over the last century).", "Kisatchie National Forest __knowledge__ It is one of the largest pieces of natural landscape in Louisiana, with some of public land, more than half of which is vital longleaf pine and flatwoods vegetation.", "Kisatchie National Forest __knowledge__ These support many rare plant and animal species.", "Kisatchie National Forest __knowledge__ There are also rare habitats, such as hillside seepage bogs and calcareous prairies." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 10, 51 ]

[ "I like to hike on the Ozark Trail. It is a trail in the Missouri Ozarks.", "It is in the US state Missouri. It will eventually reach from St. Louis to Arkansas when it is completed.", "You just start walking, haha. There will also be horseback riding, mountain biking, and trail camping available on the Ozark Trail.", "If you are hiking on a trail, which is a path or an unpaved road, then all you really need is food, water and GPS." ]

[ "Ozark Trail (hiking trail)", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail)", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail)", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail)" ]

[ "Algeria", "oh nice can you tell me more about algeria ?", "Oh thank you for that information . Is there anything else you can tell me ?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Algeria __knowledge__ Algeria ( '; '; ), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.", "Algeria __knowledge__ The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country.", "Algeria __knowledge__ With an area of , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Africa since South Sudan became independent from Sudan in 2011.", "Algeria __knowledge__ Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the west by Morocco, to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory, Mauritania, and Mali, to the southeast by Niger, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.", "Algeria __knowledge__ The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes (counties).", "Algeria __knowledge__ Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been President since 1999.", "Algeria __knowledge__ Ancient Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including ancient Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Spaniards, Ottomans and the French colonial empire.", "Algeria __knowledge__ Berbers are the indigenous inhabitants of Algeria.", "Algeria __knowledge__ Algeria is a regional and middle power.", "Algeria __knowledge__ The North African country supplies large amounts of natural gas to Europe, and energy exports are the backbone of the economy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Algeria __knowledge__ Algeria ( '; '; ), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.", "Algeria __knowledge__ The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country.", "Algeria __knowledge__ With an area of , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Africa since South Sudan became independent from Sudan in 2011.", "Algeria __knowledge__ Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the west by Morocco, to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory, Mauritania, and Mali, to the southeast by Niger, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.", "Algeria __knowledge__ The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes (counties).", "Algeria __knowledge__ Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been President since 1999.", "Algeria __knowledge__ Ancient Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including ancient Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Spaniards, Ottomans and the French colonial empire.", "Algeria __knowledge__ Berbers are the indigenous inhabitants of Algeria.", "Algeria __knowledge__ Algeria is a regional and middle power.", "Algeria __knowledge__ The North African country supplies large amounts of natural gas to Europe, and energy exports are the backbone of the economy.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ Agathe-Sophie Sasserno (3 October 1810 – 6 June 1860) was a French poet.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ Agathe-Sophie Sasserno was born in 1810 at the place Victor (today the place Garibaldi) in Nice She was the daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Louis Sasserno, a former aide of André Masséna, and Marie Sibille Chartroux.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ She was a cousin of the painter Giovanni Battista Biscarra.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ She wrote her first poem at the age of fourteen to distract her father.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ According to Jean-Baptiste Toselli, she received much praise for this, which encouraged her to continue.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ She remained single all her life and devoted herself entirely to poetry.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ Although she wrote in French she considered herself Italian so she dedicated her work \"Les Sylphides\" (1838) to King Charles Albert of Sardinia.", "Algerian War __knowledge__ The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian War of Independence or the Algerian Revolution ( ';, ;, or ') was a war between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front ( – FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria gaining its independence from France.", "Algerian War __knowledge__ An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare, fighting, and the use of torture by both sides.", "Algerian War __knowledge__ The conflict also became a civil war between the different communities and within the communities.", "Algerian War __knowledge__ The war took place mainly on the territory of Algeria, with repercussions in metropolitan France.", "French Algeria __knowledge__ French Algeria ( to 1839, then ' afterward; unofficially ', , ') began in 1827 with the blockade of Algiers by the French navy and lasted from 1830 to 1962, under a variety of governmental systems.", "French Algeria __knowledge__ From 1848 until independence, the whole Mediterranean region of Algeria was administered as an integral part of France.", "French Algeria __knowledge__ The vast arid interior of Algeria, like the rest of French North Africa, was never considered part of France.", "French Algeria __knowledge__ One of France's longest-held overseas territories, Algeria became a destination for hundreds of thousands of European immigrants, known as ' and later, as '.", "French Algeria __knowledge__ However, indigenous Muslims remained a majority of the territory's population throughout its history.", "Nice __knowledge__ Nice (, ; Niçard , classical norm, or \"\", nonstandard, ; ; ; ) is the fifth most populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes \"département\".", "Nice __knowledge__ The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of about 1 million on an area of .", "Nice __knowledge__ Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille.", "Nice __knowledge__ Nice is about 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the principality of Monaco, and its airport is a gateway to the principality as well.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Have a nice day is a commonly spoken expression used to conclude a conversation (whether brief or extensive), or end a message by hoping the person to whom it is addressed experiences a pleasant day.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Since it is often uttered by service employees to customers at the end of a transaction, particularly in Israel and the United States, its repetitious and dutiful usage has resulted in the phrase developing, according to some journalists and scholars, especially outside of these two countries, a cultural connotation of impersonality, lack of interest, passive–aggressive behavior, or sarcasm.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ The phrase is generally not used in Europe, as some find it artificial or even offensive.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Berbers __knowledge__ Berbers or Amazighs ( \"Imaziɣen\"; singular: ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ \"Amaziɣ\" / \"Amazigh\") are an ethnic group indigenous to North Africa, primarily inhabiting the Maghreb.", "Berbers __knowledge__ They are distributed in an area stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Siwa Oasis in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean Sea to the Niger River in West Africa.", "Berbers __knowledge__ Historically, they spoke Berber languages, which together form the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic family.", "Berbers __knowledge__ Since the Muslim conquest of North Africa in the seventh century, a large number of Berbers inhabiting the Maghreb (Tamazgha) have in varying degrees used as lingua franca the other languages spoken in North Africa.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was the leader of Free France (1940–1944) and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946).", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ In 1958, he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France, a position he held until his resignation in 1969.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ Born in Lille, he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was a decorated officer of the First World War, wounded several times, and later taken prisoner at Verdun.", "History of Tunisia __knowledge__ The present day Republic of Tunisia, \"al-Jumhuriyyah at-Tunisiyyah\", has over ten million citizens, almost all of Arab-Berber descent.", "History of Tunisia __knowledge__ The Mediterranean Sea is to the north and east, Libya to the southeast, and Algeria to the west.", "History of Tunisia __knowledge__ Tunis is the capital and the largest city (population over 800,000); it is located near the ancient site of the city of Carthage.", "History of Tunisia __knowledge__ Throughout its recorded history, the physical features and environment of the land of Tunisia have remained fairly constant, although during ancient times more abundant forests grew in the north, and earlier in prehistory the Sahara to the south was not an arid desert.", "Africa __knowledge__ Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (the first being Asia in both categories).", "Africa __knowledge__ At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of its total land area.", "Africa __knowledge__ With /1e9 round 1 billion people as of , it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population.", "Africa __knowledge__ The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.", "Africa __knowledge__ The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ Vichy France () is the common name of the French State (\"État français\") headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ It represented the unoccupied \"Free Zone\" (\"zone libre\") in the southern part of metropolitan France and theoretically, the French colonial empire.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ From 1940 to 1942, while the Vichy regime was the nominal government of France as a whole, Germany militarily occupied northern France.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ Thus, while Paris remained the \"de jure\" capital of France, the \"de facto\" capital of southern, \"unoccupied\" France was the town of Vichy, to the south.", "Vichy France __knowledge__ Following the Allied landings in French North Africa in November 1942, southern France was also militarily occupied by Germany and Italy.", "History of Africa __knowledge__ The history of Africa begins with the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" in East Africa, and continues into the present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing nation states.", "History of Africa __knowledge__ The recorded history of early civilization arose in the Kingdom of Kush, and later in Ancient Egypt, the Sahel, the Maghreb and the Horn of Africa.", "History of Africa __knowledge__ During the Middle Ages, Islam spread west from Arabia to Egypt, crossing the Maghreb and the Sahel.", "History of Africa __knowledge__ Some notable pre-colonial states and societies in Africa include the Ajuran Empire, D'mt, Adal Sultanate, Warsangali Sultanate, Kingdom of Nri, Nok culture, Mali Empire, Songhai Empire, Benin Empire, Ashanti Empire, Ghana Empire, Mossi Kingdoms, Mutapa Empire, Kingdom of Mapungubwe, Kingdom of Sine, Kingdom of Sennar, Kingdom of Saloum, Kingdom of Baol, Kingdom of Cayor, Kingdom of Zimbabwe, Kingdom of Kongo, Empire of Kaabu, Ancient Carthage, Numidia, Mauretania, and the Aksumite Empire." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Algeria __knowledge__ Algeria ( '; '; ), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.", "Algeria __knowledge__ The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country.", "Algeria __knowledge__ With an area of , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Africa since South Sudan became independent from Sudan in 2011.", "Algeria __knowledge__ Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the west by Morocco, to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory, Mauritania, and Mali, to the southeast by Niger, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.", "Algeria __knowledge__ The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes (counties).", "Algeria __knowledge__ Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been President since 1999.", "Algeria __knowledge__ Ancient Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including ancient Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Spaniards, Ottomans and the French colonial empire.", "Algeria __knowledge__ Berbers are the indigenous inhabitants of Algeria.", "Algeria __knowledge__ Algeria is a regional and middle power.", "Algeria __knowledge__ The North African country supplies large amounts of natural gas to Europe, and energy exports are the backbone of the economy.", "Oprah Winfrey __knowledge__ Oprah Winfrey (born Orpah Gail Winfrey; January 29, 1954) is an American media proprietor, talk show host, actress, producer, and philanthropist.", "Oprah Winfrey __knowledge__ She is best known for her talk show \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\", which was the highest-rated television program of its kind in history and was nationally syndicated from 1986 to 2011 in Chicago, Illinois.", "Oprah Winfrey __knowledge__ Dubbed the \"Queen of All Media\", she is the richest African-American and North America's first multi-billionaire black person and has been ranked the greatest black philanthropist in American history.", "Oprah Winfrey __knowledge__ Several assessments rank her as the most influential woman in the world.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Liz McDonald __knowledge__ Elizabeth Jayne McDonald (née Greenwood, also Tomlin) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\".", "Liz McDonald __knowledge__ She is portrayed by Beverley Callard.", "Liz McDonald __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on 27 October 1989 until Callard opted to leave and Liz departed on 13 November 1998.", "Liz McDonald __knowledge__ Callard reprised the role for a short stint with Liz appearing between 6 October 2000 and 12 January 2001.", "Liz McDonald __knowledge__ Callard reprised the role for two separate stints between 19 November and 30 November 2003 and between 13 February and 22 March 2004.", "Liz McDonald __knowledge__ She returned on a permanent basis on 22 June 2004.", "Liz McDonald __knowledge__ Carllard quit the role once again with Liz's final episode airing on 14 April 2011.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Algiers __knowledge__ Algiers (, , ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria.", "Algiers __knowledge__ In 2011, the city's population was estimated to be around 3,500,000.", "Algiers __knowledge__ An estimate puts the population of the larger metropolitan city to be around 5,000,000.", "Algiers __knowledge__ Algiers is located on the Mediterranean Sea and in the north-central portion of Algeria.", "Algiers __knowledge__ Sometimes nicknamed \"El-Behdja\" (البهجة) or alternatively \"Alger la Blanche\" (\"Algiers the White\") for the glistening white of its buildings as seen rising up from the sea, Algiers is situated on the west side of a bay of the Mediterranean Sea.", "Algiers __knowledge__ The modern part of the city is built on the level ground by the seashore; the old part, the ancient city of the deys, climbs the steep hill behind the modern town and is crowned by the casbah or citadel, above the sea.", "Far North Region, Cameroon __knowledge__ The Far North Region, also known as the Extreme North Region (from ), is the northernmost constituent province of the Republic of Cameroon.", "Far North Region, Cameroon __knowledge__ It borders the North Region to the south, Chad to the east, and Nigeria to the west.", "Far North Region, Cameroon __knowledge__ The capital is Maroua.", "Far North Region, Cameroon __knowledge__ The province is one of Cameroon's most culturally diverse.", "Far North Region, Cameroon __knowledge__ Over 50 different ethnic groups populate the area, including the Shuwa Arabs, Fulani, and Kapsiki.", "Far North Region, Cameroon __knowledge__ Most educated inhabitants speak French, and the Fulani language, Fulfulde, is a common \"lingua franca\".", "Far North Region, Cameroon __knowledge__ In 2008, the President of the Republic of Cameroon, President Paul Biya signed decrees abolishing \"Provinces\" and replacing them with \"Regions\".", "Manila __knowledge__ Manila (; , or , ), officially the City of Manila ( , ), is the capital of the Philippines and the most densely populated city proper in the world.", "Manila __knowledge__ It was the first chartered City by virtue of the Philippine Commission Act 183 on July 31, 1901 and gained autonomy with the passage of Republic Act No.", "Manila __knowledge__ 409 or the \"Revised Charter of the City of Manila\" on June 18, 1949.", "Manila __knowledge__ It is home to many of the Philippines' firsts, including the first university (1590), water system (1878), hotel (1889), electricity (1895), oceanarium (1913), stock exchange (1927), flyover (1930s), zoo (1959), pedestrian underpass (1960), science high school (1963), city-run university (1965), city-run hospital (1969), and light rail transit system (1984; also considered as the first LRT system in Southeast Asia).", "Kingdom of Ait Abbas __knowledge__ The kingdom of the Ait Abbas or sultanate of the Beni Abbas, in (Berber (phonetic) tagelda n At Ɛebbas, ⵜⴰⴳⴻⵍⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵜ ⵄⴻⴱⴱⴰⵙ; Arabic: salṭanat Beni Ɛabbas, سلطنة بني عباس), is a former berber state of North Africa, then a fief and a principality, controlling Lesser Kabylie and its surroundings from the sixteenth century to the nineteenth century.", "Kingdom of Ait Abbas __knowledge__ It is referred to in the Spanish historiography as \"reino de Labes\"; sometimes more commonly referred to by its ruling family, the Mokrani, in Berber \"At Muqran\", in Arabic \"أولاد مقران (Ouled Moqrane)\".", "Kingdom of Ait Abbas __knowledge__ Its capital was the Kalâa of Ait Abbas, an impregnable citadel in the Biban mountain range.", "Piracy __knowledge__ Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable items or properties.", "Piracy __knowledge__ Those who engage in acts of piracy are called pirates.", "Piracy __knowledge__ The earliest documented instances of piracy were in the 14th century BC, when the Sea Peoples, a group of ocean raiders, attacked the ships of the Aegean and Mediterranean civilizations.", "Piracy __knowledge__ Narrow channels which funnel shipping into predictable routes have long created opportunities for piracy, as well as for privateering and commerce raiding.", "Piracy __knowledge__ Historic examples include the waters of Gibraltar, the Strait of Malacca, Madagascar, the Gulf of Aden, and the English Channel, whose geographic structures facilitated pirate attacks.", "Barbary pirates __knowledge__ The Barbary pirates, sometimes called Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Salé, Rabat, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.", "Barbary pirates __knowledge__ This area was known in Europe as the Barbary Coast, a term derived from the name of its Berber inhabitants.", "Barbary pirates __knowledge__ Their predation extended throughout the Mediterranean, south along West Africa's Atlantic seaboard and even South America, and into the North Atlantic as far north as Iceland, but they primarily operated in the western Mediterranean.", "Barbary pirates __knowledge__ In addition to seizing ships, they engaged in \"Razzias\", raids on European coastal towns and villages, mainly in Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal, but also in the British Isles, the Netherlands and as far away as Iceland." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Good day my friend. My family comes from Algeria, which is a sovereign state in North Africa.", "Yes, the capital and most populated city is Algiers, which is located in the far north corner of the country. ", "Yes my friend. Algeria is the 10th largest country in the world, and the largest in Africa. " ]

[ "Algeria", "Algeria", "Algeria" ]

[ "Shopping\nI do the shopping in my house since my roommates are too lazy.", "What different types of shopping are there?", "Cool, can you get addicted to shopping?", "Interesting. When did online shopping start to get big?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shopping __knowledge__ A \"retailer\" or a \"shop\" is a business that presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods.", "Shopping __knowledge__ Shopping is an activity in which a customer browses the available goods or services presented by one or more retailers with the intent to purchase a suitable selection of them.", "Shopping __knowledge__ In some contexts it may be considered a leisure activity as well as an economic one.", "Shopping __knowledge__ In modern days customer focus is more transferred towards online shopping; worldwide people order products from different regions and online retailers deliver their products to their homes, offices or wherever they want.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The B2C (business to consumer) process has made it easy for consumers to select any product online from a retailer's website and have it delivered to the consumer relatively quickly.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The consumer does not need to consume his energy by going out to the stores and saves his time and cost of travelling.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The shopping experience may vary, based on a variety of factors including how the customer is treated, convenience, the type of goods being purchased, and mood.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The shopping experience can also be influenced by other shoppers.", "Shopping __knowledge__ For example, research from a field experiment found that male and female shoppers who were accidentally touched from behind by other shoppers left a store earlier than people who had not been touched and evaluated brands more negatively, resulting in the Accidental Interpersonal Touch effect.", "Fair Housing Council of San Fernando Valley v. Roommates.com, LLC __knowledge__ Fair Housing Council of San Fernando Valley v. Roommates.com, LLC, 521 F.3d 1157 (9th Cir.", "Fair Housing Council of San Fernando Valley v. Roommates.com, LLC __knowledge__ 2008), is a case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, sitting en banc, held that immunity under Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (CDA) did not apply to an interactive online operator whose questionnaire violated the Fair Housing Act.", "Fair Housing Council of San Fernando Valley v. Roommates.com, LLC __knowledge__ However, the court found that Roommates.com was immune under Section 230 of the CDA for the “additional comments” portion of the website.", "Fair Housing Council of San Fernando Valley v. Roommates.com, LLC __knowledge__ This case is notable because it placed a limit on the broad immunity that Section 230(c) gives to service providers.", "Roommate __knowledge__ A roommate is a person with whom one shares a living facility such as an apartment or dormitory.", "Roommate __knowledge__ Similar terms include dormmate, suitemate, housemate, flatmate (\"flat\": the usual term in British English for an apartment – in New Zealand, \"flatmate\" is solely used, regardless of whether the dwelling is an apartment or a detached house), or sharemate (shared living spaces are often called \"sharehomes\" in Australia and other Commonwealth countries).", "Roommate __knowledge__ A sharehome is a model of household in which a group of usually unrelated people reside together.", "Roommate __knowledge__ The term generally applies to people living together in rental properties rather than in properties in which any resident is an owner occupier.", "Real World (TV series) __knowledge__ Real World (formerly known as The Real World from 1992 to 2013) is a reality television series on MTV originally produced by Mary-Ellis Bunim and Jonathan Murray.", "Real World (TV series) __knowledge__ First broadcast in 1992, the show, which was inspired by the 1973 PBS documentary series \"An American Family\", is the longest-running program in MTV history and one of the longest-running reality series in history, credited with launching the modern reality TV genre.", "Real World (TV series) __knowledge__ Seven to eight young adults are picked to temporarily live in a new city together in one residence while being filmed non-stop.", "Real World (TV series) __knowledge__ The series was hailed in its early years for depicting issues of contemporary young-adulthood relevant to its core audience, such as sex, prejudice, religion, abortion, illness, sexuality, AIDS, death, politics, and substance abuse, but later garnered a reputation as a showcase for immaturity and irresponsible behavior indicative of the declining morals of contemporary youth.", "List of Real World cast members __knowledge__ \"Real World\" (formerly \"The Real World\") is an American reality television show in which a group of strangers live together in a house for several months, as cameras record their interpersonal relationships.", "List of Real World cast members __knowledge__ First broadcast in 1992, the show is the longest-running program in MTV history, consistently ranking as a top-rated cable series among viewers 12–34 years old.", "List of Real World cast members __knowledge__ 30 seasons have aired in their entirety.", "List of Real World cast members __knowledge__ As of Season 32, a total of 252 cast members have appeared on the show.", "List of Real World cast members __knowledge__ There have been nine instances in which an original cast member left the house during production and was replaced by another roommate.", "Cathy Jean and the Roommates __knowledge__ Cathy Jean & the Roommates (sometimes spelled Roomates) are an American vocal group who recorded in the early 1960s, and had a US pop hit in 1961 with \"Please Love Me Forever\".", "Cathy Jean and the Roommates __knowledge__ A version of the group, fronted by original singer Cathy Jean Giordano (now Cathy Jean Ruiz), still performs.", "Cathy Jean and the Roommates __knowledge__ The Roommates were originally a duo formed by 15-year-olds Steve Susskind and Bob Minsky, of Russell Sage Junior High in Queens, New York.", "Cathy Jean and the Roommates __knowledge__ After placing second in a local talent show--behind another duo, Tom & Jerry, who later became better known as Simon & Garfunkel--they became a quartet, adding singers Jack Carlson and Felix Alvarez in 1960.", "List of Zoey 101 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Nickelodeon comedy-drama Zoey 101, an American television series which originally aired on Nickelodeon from January 9, 2005 until May 2, 2008.", "List of Zoey 101 characters __knowledge__ Zoey Brooks (Jamie Lynn Spears) is the main character in the series.", "List of Zoey 101 characters __knowledge__ Zoey is the older sister of Dustin Brooks and the roommate and best friend of Dana Cruz (Season 1), Nicole Bristow (Season 1-2), Lola Martinez (Season 2-4), and Quinn Pensky (Season 1-4); she is also the best friend of Chase Matthews.", "List of Zoey 101 characters __knowledge__ Her other best friends are Michael Barrett, Logan Reese and James Garrett.", "List of Zoey 101 characters __knowledge__ Zoey enjoys basketball and is one of the first girls on the PCA Basketball Team; she also enjoys designing clothes and backpacks.", "Lazy evaluation __knowledge__ In programming language theory, lazy evaluation, or call-by-need is an evaluation strategy which delays the evaluation of an expression until its value is needed (non-strict evaluation) and which also avoids repeated evaluations (sharing).", "Lazy evaluation __knowledge__ The sharing can reduce the running time of certain functions by an exponential factor over other non-strict evaluation strategies, such as call-by-name.", "Lazy evaluation __knowledge__ The benefits of lazy evaluation include: Lazy evaluation is often combined with memoization, as described in Jon Bentley's \"Writing Efficient Programs\".", "Lazy evaluation __knowledge__ After a function's value is computed for that parameter or set of parameters, the result is stored in a lookup table that is indexed by the values of those parameters; the next time the function is called, the table is consulted to determine whether the result for that combination of parameter values is already available." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shopping __knowledge__ A \"retailer\" or a \"shop\" is a business that presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods.", "Shopping __knowledge__ Shopping is an activity in which a customer browses the available goods or services presented by one or more retailers with the intent to purchase a suitable selection of them.", "Shopping __knowledge__ In some contexts it may be considered a leisure activity as well as an economic one.", "Shopping __knowledge__ In modern days customer focus is more transferred towards online shopping; worldwide people order products from different regions and online retailers deliver their products to their homes, offices or wherever they want.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The B2C (business to consumer) process has made it easy for consumers to select any product online from a retailer's website and have it delivered to the consumer relatively quickly.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The consumer does not need to consume his energy by going out to the stores and saves his time and cost of travelling.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The shopping experience may vary, based on a variety of factors including how the customer is treated, convenience, the type of goods being purchased, and mood.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The shopping experience can also be influenced by other shoppers.", "Shopping __knowledge__ For example, research from a field experiment found that male and female shoppers who were accidentally touched from behind by other shoppers left a store earlier than people who had not been touched and evaluated brands more negatively, resulting in the Accidental Interpersonal Touch effect.", "Retail __knowledge__ Retail markets and shops have a very ancient history, dating back to antiquity.", "Retail __knowledge__ Over the centuries, retail shops were transformed from little more than \"rude booths\" to the sophisticated shopping malls of the modern era.", "Retail __knowledge__ Retailing involves the process of selling consumer goods or Services to customers through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit.", "Retail __knowledge__ Retailers satisfy demand identified through a supply chain.", "Retail __knowledge__ Some of the earliest retailers were itinerant peddlers.", "Retail __knowledge__ The term \"retailer\" is typically applied where a service provider fills the small orders of a large number of individuals, who are end-users, rather than large orders of a small number of wholesale, corporate or government clientele.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services, including the consumer's emotional, mental and behavioural responses that precede or follow these activities.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour emerged in the 1940s and 50s as a distinct sub-discipline in the marketing area.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour is an inter-disciplinary social science that blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology, ethnography, marketing and economics, especially behavioural economics.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ It examines how emotions, attitudes and preferences affect buying behaviour.", "Disability sport classification __knowledge__ Disability sports classification is a system that allows for fair competition between people with different types of disabilities.", "Disability sport classification __knowledge__ Historically, the process has been by two groups: specific disability type sport organizations that cover multiple sports, and specific sport organizations that cover multiple disability types including amputations, cerebral palsy, deafness, intellectual impairments, les autres and short stature, vision impairments, spinal cord injuries, and other disabilities not covered by these groups.", "Disability sport classification __knowledge__ Within specific disability types, some of the major organizations have been CPISRA has for cerebral palsy and head injuries, ISMWSF for spinal cord injuries, ISOD for orthopaedic conditions and amputees, INAS for people with intellectual disabilities, and IBSA for blind and vision impaired athletes.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2016) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 January 2016.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2016) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2016) __knowledge__ The spokesman of the Ukrainian operational headquarters reported in the morning that pro-Russian troops had opened fire on 22 occasions on 31 December.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2016) __knowledge__ Fifteen ceasefire violations were recorded during the first hours of 1 January 2016.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (January–March 2016) __knowledge__ The spokesman of the Presidential Administration of Ukraine on issues related to ATO, \"polkovnyk\" Oleksandr Motuzyanyk, reported at noon no casualties in the Donbass region during the last day of 2015.", "Shopping mall __knowledge__ A shopping mall is a modern, chiefly North American, term for a form of shopping precinct or shopping center, in which one or more buildings form a complex of shops representing merchandisers with interconnecting walkways that enable customers to walk from unit to unit.", "Shopping mall __knowledge__ A shopping arcade is a specific type of shopping precinct which is usually distinguished in English for mall shopping by the fact that connecting walkways are not owned by a single proprietor and are in open air.", "Shopping mall __knowledge__ Shopping malls in 2017 accounted for 8% of retailing space in the United States.", "Shopping mall __knowledge__ Many early shopping arcades such as the Burlington Arcade in London, the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan, and numerous arcades in Paris are famous and still trading.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ Consumers find a product of interest by visiting the website of the retailer directly or by searching among alternative vendors using a shopping search engine, which displays the same product's availability and pricing at different e-retailers.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ As of 2016, customers can shop online using a range of different computers and devices, including desktop computers, laptops, tablet computers and smartphones.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ An online shop evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a regular \"bricks-and-mortar\" retailer or shopping center; the process is called business-to-consumer (B2C) online shopping.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ A touchpoint can be defined as any way a consumer can interact with a business, whether it be person-to-person, through a website, an app or any form of communication (“Touchpoint Glossary”, n.d.).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ When consumers come in contact with these touchpoints it gives them the opportunity to compare their prior perceptions of the business and form an opinion (Stein, & Ramaseshan, 2016).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints in marketing communications are the varying ways that a brand interacts and displays information to prospective customers and current customers.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints allow customers to have experiences every time they “touch’ any part of the product, service, brand or organization, across multiple channels and various points in time (Pantano and Milena, 2015 and Zomerdijk and Voss, 2010).", "Customer experience __knowledge__ In commerce, customer experience (CX) is the product of an interaction between an organization and a customer over the duration of their relationship.", "Customer experience __knowledge__ This interaction is made up of three parts: the customer journey, the brand touchpoints the customer interacts with, and the environments the customer experiences (including digital environment) during their experience.", "Customer experience __knowledge__ A good customer experience means that the individual's experience during all points of contact matches the individual's expectations.", "Customer experience __knowledge__ Gartner asserts the importance of managing the customer's experience.", "Customer experience __knowledge__ Customer experience implies customer involvement at different levels – such as rational, emotional, sensorial, physical, and spiritual.", "Loyalty program __knowledge__ Loyalty programs are structured marketing strategies designed by merchants to encourage customers to continue to shop at or use the services of businesses associated with each program.", "Loyalty program __knowledge__ These programs exist covering most types of commerce, each one having varying features and rewards-schemes.", "Loyalty program __knowledge__ In marketing generally and in retailing more specifically, a loyalty card, rewards card, points card, advantage card, or club card is a plastic or paper card, visually similar to a credit card, debit card, or digital card that identifies the card holder as a participant in a loyalty program.", "Loyalty program __knowledge__ Loyalty cards (both physical and digital) relate to the loyalty business-model." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shopping __knowledge__ A \"retailer\" or a \"shop\" is a business that presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods.", "Shopping __knowledge__ Shopping is an activity in which a customer browses the available goods or services presented by one or more retailers with the intent to purchase a suitable selection of them.", "Shopping __knowledge__ In some contexts it may be considered a leisure activity as well as an economic one.", "Shopping __knowledge__ In modern days customer focus is more transferred towards online shopping; worldwide people order products from different regions and online retailers deliver their products to their homes, offices or wherever they want.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The B2C (business to consumer) process has made it easy for consumers to select any product online from a retailer's website and have it delivered to the consumer relatively quickly.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The consumer does not need to consume his energy by going out to the stores and saves his time and cost of travelling.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The shopping experience may vary, based on a variety of factors including how the customer is treated, convenience, the type of goods being purchased, and mood.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The shopping experience can also be influenced by other shoppers.", "Shopping __knowledge__ For example, research from a field experiment found that male and female shoppers who were accidentally touched from behind by other shoppers left a store earlier than people who had not been touched and evaluated brands more negatively, resulting in the Accidental Interpersonal Touch effect.", "Alex Udinov __knowledge__ Alexandra \"Alex\" Udinov is one of the main characters on the television series \"Nikita\", portrayed by Lyndsy Fonseca.", "Alex Udinov __knowledge__ Many fans of \"Team Nikita\" (consisting of Nikita, Michael, Birkhoff, Sean, Ryan, and Owen) consider Alex as the baby of the \"family,\" this is because Alex, being the youngest of the group, when her walls are down, can behave childlike and callow.", "Alex Udinov __knowledge__ Alex is the daughter of the late Russian oligarch Nikolai Udinov and his wife who were murdered by Division, on orders of Sergei Semak, when Alex was a child.", "Alex Udinov __knowledge__ Udinov owned the billion-dollar company Zetrov, of which Alex was the sole heir.", "Internet addiction disorder __knowledge__ Internet addiction disorder, more commonly called problematic Internet use (PIU), refers to excessive Internet use that interferes with daily life.", "Internet addiction disorder __knowledge__ Addiction is defined by Webster Dictionary as a \"compulsive need for and use of a habit-forming substance characterized by tolerance and by well-defined physiological symptoms upon withdrawal; broadly: persistent compulsive use of a substance known by the user to be harmful\".", "Internet addiction disorder __knowledge__ Problematic Internet use is also called compulsive Internet use (CIU), Internet overuse, problematic computer use, or pathological computer use (PCU), problematic Internet use (PIU), or Internet addiction disorder (IAD)).", "Oxymoron (album) __knowledge__ Oxymoron is the third studio album by American rapper Schoolboy Q.", "Oxymoron (album) __knowledge__ The album was released on February 25, 2014, by Top Dawg Entertainment and Interscope Records.", "Oxymoron (album) __knowledge__ \"Oxymoron\" was his first album released under a major record label to music retailers, whereas his previous albums were released independently to digital retailers only.", "Oxymoron (album) __knowledge__ The album's recording took place from June 2012 through 2013.", "Oxymoron (album) __knowledge__ Schoolboy Q enlisted collaborators such as Kendrick Lamar, 2 Chainz, ASAP Rocky, Jay Rock, Tyler, the Creator and Kurupt, among others.", "Oxymoron (album) __knowledge__ The album's production was handled by high-profile record producers such as Boi-1da, The Alchemist, Mike Will Made It, Clams Casino, Nez & Rio, DJ Dahi and Pharrell, as well as others, including members of Top Dawg Entertainment's in-house production teams Digi+Phonics and THC.", "Social networking service __knowledge__ A social networking service (also social networking site, SNS or social media) is an online platform that people use to build social networks or social relations with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.", "Social networking service __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social networking services currently available online introduces challenges of definition; however, some common features exist: Most social-network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as by e-mail, by instant messaging and through online forums.", "Something Wall-Mart This Way Comes __knowledge__ \"Something Wall-Mart This Way Comes\" is the ninth episode of the eighth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\", and the 120th episode of the series overall.", "Something Wall-Mart This Way Comes __knowledge__ It originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on November 3, 2004.", "Something Wall-Mart This Way Comes __knowledge__ In the episode, a Wall-Mart is built in South Park, and the people start to get addicted to shopping from it, due to its irresistibly attractive bargains, thus leading many businesses in South Park to close down.", "Something Wall-Mart This Way Comes __knowledge__ The four boys have to fight against Wall-Mart and to find a way to stop it from taking over the entire town.", "Something Wall-Mart This Way Comes __knowledge__ Its title and theme were inspired by the 1983 Disney movie \"Something Wicked This Way Comes\" based on the 1962 novel by Ray Bradbury.", "Gutka __knowledge__ Gutka or guṭkha is a preparation of crushed areca nut, tobacco, catechu, paraffin wax, slaked lime and sweet or savory flavorings.", "Gutka __knowledge__ It is manufactured in India and exported to a few other countries.", "Gutka __knowledge__ A mild stimulant, it is sold across South Asia in small, individual-sized packets that cost between 2 and 10 rupees per packet.", "Gutka __knowledge__ It is widely consumed in countries like India, Pakistan & Bangladesh.", "Gutka __knowledge__ Gutka is consumed by placing a pinch of it between the gum and cheek and gently sucking and chewing.", "Gutka __knowledge__ It is considered responsible for oral cancer and other severe negative health effects.", "Gutka __knowledge__ As with paan and other smokeless tobacco products, there are preventive efforts to encourage users to quit and young people not to start.", "Never Die Alone __knowledge__ Never Die Alone is a 2004 crime thriller film directed by Ernest R. Dickerson.", "Never Die Alone __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name, written by Donald Goines.", "Never Die Alone __knowledge__ Hardened criminal and drug dealer King David (DMX) returns to his unidentified East Coast city, where he can find redemption by settling an old score with drug lord Moon (Clifton Powell).", "Never Die Alone __knowledge__ He keeps tape-recorded journals about his life and is always talking about a woman named Edna.", "Never Die Alone __knowledge__ Upon David's return, he meets up with Jasper (Luenell), a barkeep who expresses a strong dislike towards him.", "Never Die Alone __knowledge__ She contacts Moon to inform him of his return and willingness to pay his debt, as well as momentarily passing by Paul (David Arquette), a struggling writer.", "Leisure satisfaction __knowledge__ \"Leisure refers to activities that a person voluntarily engages in when they are free from any work, social or familial responsibilities.\"", "Leisure satisfaction __knowledge__ Leisure satisfaction is the positive perceptions or feelings that an individual forms, elicits and gains as a result of engaging in leisure activities and choices.", "Leisure satisfaction __knowledge__ What can contribute to leisure satisfaction is to what degree an individual is currently satisfied with their leisure experiences and activities.", "Leisure satisfaction __knowledge__ An individual might attain positive feelings of contentment and happiness that result from the satisfaction of needs.", "Leisure satisfaction __knowledge__ Participation in leisure activities and leisure satisfaction are inextricably linked to an individual's health.", "Sociology of leisure __knowledge__ Sociology of leisure or leisure sociology is the study of how humans organize their free time.", "Sociology of leisure __knowledge__ Leisure includes a broad array of activities, such as sport, tourism, and the playing of games.", "Sociology of leisure __knowledge__ The sociology of leisure is closely tied to the sociology of work, as each explores a different side of the work-leisure relationship.", "Sociology of leisure __knowledge__ More recent studies in the field move away from the work-leisure relationship and focus on the relation between leisure and culture.", "Sociology of leisure __knowledge__ Studies of leisure have determined that observable patterns cannot be easily explained by socioeconomic variables such as income, occupation or education.", "Mobile entertainment __knowledge__ Mobile entertainment comprises a range of activities associated with mobile electronics.", "Mobile entertainment __knowledge__ The definition is both somewhat subjective and in continual development, but can include purely leisure activities (music, playing games), communications (social media, instant messaging, Twitter), and activities which could also be defined as commerce (shopping).", "Mobile entertainment __knowledge__ According to Moore and Rutter: \"A primary difficulty when researching mobile entertainment is that of definition.", "Mobile entertainment __knowledge__ It is not always clear to consumers precisely what ‘mobile entertainment’ is.", "Mobile entertainment __knowledge__ The problem of producing common understandings of mobile entertainment has been previously highlighted by the Mobile Entertainment Forum (MEF) when stating that '[t]wo different industries make up the mobile entertainment industry: entertainment and telecommunications.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ A sea shanty, chantey, or chanty is a type of work song that was once commonly sung to accompany labor on board large merchant sailing vessels.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ The term \"shanty\" most accurately refers to a specific style of work song belonging to this historical repertoire.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ However, in recent, popular usage, the scope of its definition is sometimes expanded to admit a wider range of repertoire and characteristics, or to refer to a \"maritime work song\" in general.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ Of uncertain etymological origin, the word \"shanty\" emerged in the mid-19th century in reference to an appreciably distinct genre of work song, developed especially in American-style merchant vessels that had come to prominence in decades prior to the American Civil War.", "Leisure activity vehicle __knowledge__ A leisure activity vehicle (abbreviated LAV) is a small van or minivan, generally related to a supermini or subcompact car, with two or three seat rows, and a large, tall car boot and tailgate.", "Leisure activity vehicle __knowledge__ The Matra Rancho, introduced in 1977, pre-dated the category.", "Leisure activity vehicle __knowledge__ LAV's have become popular in Europe in the 1990s as a cheaper and roomier alternative to small family cars.", "Leisure activity vehicle __knowledge__ Leisure activity vehicles are different from mini MPVs in that the former are taller and have a longer and more horizontal bonnet and a more vertical windshield.", "Leisure activity vehicle __knowledge__ Mini MPVs have higher, more vertical seats than LAVs, while these have seats similarly placed as to hatchbacks, sedans and station wagons.", "Happiness economics __knowledge__ The economics of happiness or happiness economics is the quantitative and theoretical study of happiness, positive and negative affect, well-being, quality of life, life satisfaction and related concepts, typically combining economics with other fields such as psychology, health and sociology.", "Happiness economics __knowledge__ It typically treats such happiness-related measures, rather than wealth, income or profit, as something to be maximized.", "Happiness economics __knowledge__ The field has grown substantially since the late 20th century, for example by the development of methods, surveys and indices to measure happiness and related concepts.", "Happiness economics __knowledge__ Its findings have been described as a challenge to the economics profession.", "Leisure __knowledge__ Leisure has often been defined as a quality of experience or as free time.", "Leisure __knowledge__ Free time is time spent away from business, work, job hunting, domestic chores, and education, as well as necessary activities such as eating and sleeping.", "Leisure __knowledge__ From a research perspective, this approach has the advantages of being quantifiable and comparable over time and place.", "Leisure __knowledge__ Leisure as experience usually emphasizes dimensions of perceived freedom and choice.", "Leisure __knowledge__ It is done for \"its own sake\", for the quality of experience and involvement.", "Leisure __knowledge__ Other classic definitions include Thorsten Veblen's (1899) of \"nonproductive consumption of time.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Shopping __knowledge__ A \"retailer\" or a \"shop\" is a business that presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods.", "Shopping __knowledge__ Shopping is an activity in which a customer browses the available goods or services presented by one or more retailers with the intent to purchase a suitable selection of them.", "Shopping __knowledge__ In some contexts it may be considered a leisure activity as well as an economic one.", "Shopping __knowledge__ In modern days customer focus is more transferred towards online shopping; worldwide people order products from different regions and online retailers deliver their products to their homes, offices or wherever they want.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The B2C (business to consumer) process has made it easy for consumers to select any product online from a retailer's website and have it delivered to the consumer relatively quickly.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The consumer does not need to consume his energy by going out to the stores and saves his time and cost of travelling.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The shopping experience may vary, based on a variety of factors including how the customer is treated, convenience, the type of goods being purchased, and mood.", "Shopping __knowledge__ The shopping experience can also be influenced by other shoppers.", "Shopping __knowledge__ For example, research from a field experiment found that male and female shoppers who were accidentally touched from behind by other shoppers left a store earlier than people who had not been touched and evaluated brands more negatively, resulting in the Accidental Interpersonal Touch effect.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ Consumers find a product of interest by visiting the website of the retailer directly or by searching among alternative vendors using a shopping search engine, which displays the same product's availability and pricing at different e-retailers.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ As of 2016, customers can shop online using a range of different computers and devices, including desktop computers, laptops, tablet computers and smartphones.", "Online shopping __knowledge__ An online shop evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a regular \"bricks-and-mortar\" retailer or shopping center; the process is called business-to-consumer (B2C) online shopping.", "Black Friday (shopping) __knowledge__ Black Friday is an informal name for the day following Thanksgiving Day in the United States, the fourth Thursday of November, which has been regarded as the beginning of the country's Christmas shopping season since 1952.", "Black Friday (shopping) __knowledge__ Most major retailers open very early, as early as overnight hours, and offer promotional sales.", "Black Friday (shopping) __knowledge__ Black Friday is not an official holiday, but California and some other states observe \"The Day After Thanksgiving\" as a holiday for state government employees, sometimes in lieu of another federal holiday such as the Columbus Day.", "Black Friday (shopping) __knowledge__ Many non-retail employees and schools have both Thanksgiving and the following Friday off, which, along with the following regular weekend, makes it a four-day weekend, thereby increasing the number of potential shoppers.", "Michael Aldrich __knowledge__ Michael Aldrich (22 August 1941 – 19 May 2014) was an English inventor, innovator and entrepreneur.", "Michael Aldrich __knowledge__ In 1979 he invented online shopping to enable online transaction processing between consumers and businesses, or between one business and another, a technique known later as e-commerce.", "Michael Aldrich __knowledge__ In 1980 he invented the Teleputer, a multi-purpose home infotainment centre that was a fusion of PC, TV and Telecom networking technologies.", "Michael Aldrich __knowledge__ In 1981 he developed the concept of interactive broadband local loop cable TV for mass market consumer telecommunications.", "Michael Aldrich __knowledge__ Aldrich had a 38-year career in the IT industry, 20 years of which were spent as CEO of an international computer company, Redifon/Rediffusion/ROCC Computers.", "Great Online Shopping Festival __knowledge__ The Great Online Shopping Festival (GOSF) was an online shopping event created by Google India on 12 December 2012 in collaboration with a number of Indian online shopping portals.", "Great Online Shopping Festival __knowledge__ The concept of the GOSF was that the online shopping sites would give heavy discounts for one day, in order to promote their sales.", "Great Online Shopping Festival __knowledge__ In November 2015, Google announced that the event would not be repeated.", "Great Online Shopping Festival __knowledge__ The concept of a one-day online sale originated in the United States, where many online shopping sites offer discounts on \"Cyber Monday\", the first Monday after the so-called Black Friday, the day that follows the U.S. Thanksgiving.", "Brick and mortar __knowledge__ Brick and Mortar (also brick and mortar or B&M) refers to a physical presence of an organization or business in a building or other structure.", "Brick and mortar __knowledge__ The term \"brick and mortar business\" is often used to refer to a company that possesses or leases retail stores, factory production facilities, or warehouses for its operations.", "Brick and mortar __knowledge__ More specifically, in the jargon of e-commerce businesses in the 2000s, brick-and-mortar businesses are companies that have a physical presence (e.g., a retail shop in a building) and offer face-to-face customer experiences.", "Brick and mortar __knowledge__ This term is usually used to contrast with a transitory business or an Internet-only presence, such as fully online shops, which have no physical presence for shoppers to visit, talk with staff in person, touch and handle products and buy from the firm in person.", "Taobao __knowledge__ Taobao () is a Chinese online shopping website similar to eBay, Amazon and Rakuten, which is operated in Hangzhou, Zhejiang by Alibaba Group.", "Taobao __knowledge__ Founded by Alibaba Group on May 10, 2003, Taobao Marketplace facilitates consumer-to-consumer (C2C) retail by providing a platform for small businesses and individual entrepreneurs to open online stores that mainly cater to consumers in Chinese-speaking regions (Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) and also abroad.", "Taobao __knowledge__ At the end of 2010, the number of registered members on Taobao had reached over 370 million, around 80% of the Chinese online shopping market.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ A touchpoint can be defined as any way a consumer can interact with a business, whether it be person-to-person, through a website, an app or any form of communication (“Touchpoint Glossary”, n.d.).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ When consumers come in contact with these touchpoints it gives them the opportunity to compare their prior perceptions of the business and form an opinion (Stein, & Ramaseshan, 2016).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints in marketing communications are the varying ways that a brand interacts and displays information to prospective customers and current customers.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints allow customers to have experiences every time they “touch’ any part of the product, service, brand or organization, across multiple channels and various points in time (Pantano and Milena, 2015 and Zomerdijk and Voss, 2010).", "Retail __knowledge__ Retail markets and shops have a very ancient history, dating back to antiquity.", "Retail __knowledge__ Over the centuries, retail shops were transformed from little more than \"rude booths\" to the sophisticated shopping malls of the modern era.", "Retail __knowledge__ Retailing involves the process of selling consumer goods or Services to customers through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit.", "Retail __knowledge__ Retailers satisfy demand identified through a supply chain.", "Retail __knowledge__ Some of the earliest retailers were itinerant peddlers.", "Retail __knowledge__ The term \"retailer\" is typically applied where a service provider fills the small orders of a large number of individuals, who are end-users, rather than large orders of a small number of wholesale, corporate or government clientele.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ Marketing communications (MC, marcom, marcomm) uses different marketing channels and tools in combination: Marketing communication channels focuses on any way a business communicates a message to its desired market, or the market in general.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ A marketing communication tool can be anything from: advertising, personal selling, direct marketing, sponsorship, communication, promotion and public relations.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ MC are made up of the marketing mix which is made up of the 4P's: Price, Promotion, Place and Product, for a business selling goods, and made up of the 7P's: Price, Promotion, Place, Product, People, Physical evidence and Process, for a service based business." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4, 7 ]

[ "I love shopping! Shopping is an activity in which a customer browses the available goods or services at a location.", "They have shops for anything you can think of. In some contexts it may be considered a leisure activity", "Sadly some people can but In modern days customer focus is more transferred towards online shopping", "The shopping experience may vary, based on a variety of factors including how the customer is treated, So if you treat them good they spend more." ]

[ "Shopping", "Shopping", "Shopping", "Shopping" ]

[ "Honda Civic", "Nice. what car did you have before?", "Was the Ford Edge too small for your needs?", "Would you recommend the model to first time buyers without a family who don't need as much space? or are there better cars for that need" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "Nice __knowledge__ Nice (, ; Niçard , classical norm, or \"\", nonstandard, ; ; ; ) is the fifth most populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes \"département\".", "Nice __knowledge__ The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of about 1 million on an area of .", "Nice __knowledge__ Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille.", "Nice __knowledge__ Nice is about 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the principality of Monaco, and its airport is a gateway to the principality as well.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Have a nice day is a commonly spoken expression used to conclude a conversation (whether brief or extensive), or end a message by hoping the person to whom it is addressed experiences a pleasant day.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Since it is often uttered by service employees to customers at the end of a transaction, particularly in Israel and the United States, its repetitious and dutiful usage has resulted in the phrase developing, according to some journalists and scholars, especially outside of these two countries, a cultural connotation of impersonality, lack of interest, passive–aggressive behavior, or sarcasm.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ The phrase is generally not used in Europe, as some find it artificial or even offensive.", "National Institute for Health and Care Excellence __knowledge__ The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health in the United Kingdom, which publishes guidelines in four areas: These appraisals are based primarily on evaluations of efficacy and cost–effectiveness in various circumstances.", "National Institute for Health and Care Excellence __knowledge__ It serves both the English NHS and the Welsh NHS.", "National Institute for Health and Care Excellence __knowledge__ It was set up as the National Institute for Clinical Excellence in 1999, and on 1 April 2005 joined with the Health Development Agency to become the new National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (still abbreviated as NICE).", "National Institute for Health and Care Excellence __knowledge__ Following the Health and Social Care Act 2012, NICE was renamed the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence on 1 April 2013 reflecting its new responsibilities for social care, and changed from a special health authority to an Executive Non-Departmental Public Body (ENDPB).", "OGC Nice __knowledge__ Olympique Gymnaste Club Nice Côte d'Azur (; commonly referred to as OGC Nice or simply Nice) is a French association football club based in Nice.", "OGC Nice __knowledge__ The club was founded in 1904 and currently plays in Ligue 1, the top-tier of French football.", "OGC Nice __knowledge__ Nice plays its home matches at the Allianz Riviera.", "OGC Nice __knowledge__ Nice is managed by Lucien Favre and captained by defender Dante Bonfim.", "OGC Nice __knowledge__ Nice was founded under the name \"Gymnaste Club de Nice\" and is one of the founding members of the first division of French football.", "OGC Nice __knowledge__ The club has won Ligue 1 four times and the Coupe de France three times.", "OGC Nice __knowledge__ Nice achieved most of its honours in the 1950s with the club being managed by coaches such as Numa Andoire, Englishman William Berry and Jean Luciano.", "2016 Nice attack __knowledge__ On the evening of 14 July 2016, a 19 tonne cargo truck was deliberately driven into crowds of people celebrating Bastille Day on the Promenade des Anglais in Nice, France, resulting in the deaths of 86 people and the injury of 458 others.", "2016 Nice attack __knowledge__ The driver was Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel, a Tunisian resident of France.", "2016 Nice attack __knowledge__ The attack ended following an exchange of gunfire, during which Lahouaiej-Bouhlel was shot and killed by police.", "2016 Nice attack __knowledge__ ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack, saying Lahouaiej-Bouhlel answered its \"calls to target citizens of coalition nations that fight the Islamic State\".", "2016 Nice attack __knowledge__ On 15 July, François Molins, the prosecutor for the Public Ministry, which is overseeing the investigation, said the attack bore the hallmarks of jihadist terrorism.", "Emil Jellinek __knowledge__ Emil Jellinek, known after 1903 as Emil Jellinek-Mercedes (6 April 1853 – 21 January 1918) was a wealthy European automobile entrepreneur with Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft ('DMG'), responsible in 1900 for introducing the first 'modern' car, the Mercedes 35hp.", "Emil Jellinek __knowledge__ Jellinek created the Mercedes trademark in 1902, naming the cars after his daughter; the trademark developed into the term Mercedes-Benz, and is now among the largest car brands in the world.", "Emil Jellinek __knowledge__ Jellinek lived in Vienna, Austria but later moved to Nice on the French Riviera, where he was the General Consul of Austria-Hungary.", "Emil Jellinek __knowledge__ Jellinek was born in Leipzig, Germany, the son of Dr Adolf Jellinek (sometimes known also as Aaron Jellinek).", "Nice guy __knowledge__ A nice guy or good guy are informal terms for an (often young) adult male who portrays himself as gentle, compassionate, sensitive and/or vulnerable.", "Nice guy __knowledge__ The term is used both positively and negatively.", "Nice guy __knowledge__ When used positively, and particularly when used as a preference or description by someone else, it is intended to imply a male who puts the needs of others before his own, avoids confrontations, does favors, gives emotional support, tries to stay out of trouble, and generally acts nicely towards others.", "Nice guy __knowledge__ In the context of a relationship, it may also refer to traits of honesty, loyalty, romanticism, courtesy and respect.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Type R is the highest performance version of the Honda Civic made by Honda Motor Company of Japan.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ It features a lightened and stiffened body, specially tuned engine and upgraded brakes and chassis.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ Red is also used in the badge interior to give it a special sporting distinction and to separate it from other Honda models.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ In Japan, there is a one-make series of Honda Type R cars where a privateer can purchase an off-road Type R and compete in a series championship, which is a stepping stone for many aspiring racing drivers.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The first Civic to receive the 'Type R' name was based on the 6th-generation fan-base 'EK' Civic.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The ninth generation Honda Civic was launched in the North American market in April 2011, Europe in February 2012, and Asia in early 2012.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ In May 2010, the ninth-generation Civic was said to be delayed into 2011 because of changing market conditions and tougher fuel economy and emissions regulations.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The Civic was originally planned to become bigger, but after the collapse of Lehman Brothers and the global credit crisis in 2008, Honda wanted to make the car smaller, lighter and more fuel-efficient, while increasing space inside.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ On December 13, 2010, Honda unveiled a sketch of the new ninth-generation Civic which was described as \"energetic, sleek and aerodynamic.\"", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Hybrid was a variation of the Honda Civic with a hybrid electric powertrain.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ Honda introduced the Civic Hybrid in Japan in December 2001 and discontinued it in 2015.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ In the United States, it was the first hybrid automobile to be certified as an Advanced Technology Partial Zero-Emissions Vehicle (AT-PZEV) from the California Air Resources Board (CARB).", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic Hybrid uses an Integrated Motor Assist hybrid system similar to that of the Honda Insight.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic Hybrid was only marketed in sedan configurations.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic hybrid, based on the seventh generation Civic, was first introduced to the Japanese market in December 2001.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Si is a sport compact trim of Civic by Honda.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ The Si (Sport Injected) trim was introduced for the third generation of Honda Civics in both Japan and North America.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ In Canada and elsewhere the trim became known as the SiR for the sixth and seventh generations, and the Si trim was equivalent to the USDM EX model.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ For the Japanese and European markets, the Civic Type R was adopted as the high-performance variant of the Civic, starting with the EK9 hatch for Japan in 1996 and then with the EP3 hatch for Europe in 2001.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ In North America the Type R name was never used until the 2017 model year with the launch of the Honda Civic Type R. Previous to this the Si label was the highest in North America(except for Acura vehicles).", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that was manufactured and marketed by Honda in its first generation as a three-door, two passenger hatchback (1999–2006) and in its second generation as a five-door, five passenger hatchback (2009–2014).", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Insight was the first production vehicle to feature Honda's Integrated Motor Assist system.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The first generation Insight is the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability for the length of its production run.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ EPA estimates were 61 City/70 Highway/65 Combined.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ However, that was under the old EPA standards." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "Ford Edge __knowledge__ The Ford Edge is a Midsize crossover SUV that is manufactured by Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Edge __knowledge__ The first generation Edge is based on the Ford CD3 platform shared with the first generation Ford Fusion, Mazda CX-9, first & second generation Mazda 6 and Lincoln MKX.", "Ford Edge __knowledge__ The second generation Edge uses Ford's CD4 platform.", "Ford Edge __knowledge__ Along with its luxury version, the Lincoln MKX, the Edge is assembled at Ford's Oakville, Ontario, Canada assembly plant.", "Ford Edge __knowledge__ The first generation Edge had debuted at the 2006 Detroit Auto Show with production starting in January 2006 as a 2007 model.", "Ford Edge __knowledge__ The SE includes cloth seats, single-zone manual air-conditioning, AM/FM stereo with single-disc CD/MP3 player, and 17-inch painted aluminum wheels.", "MyFord Touch __knowledge__ MyFord Touch (branded as MyLincoln Touch on Ford's Lincoln brand products) is an in-car communications and entertainment system developed by the Ford Motor Company, based on Microsoft technologies.", "MyFord Touch __knowledge__ The technology was factory installed with Ford product offerings and was based on the Microsoft Auto 4.0 software platform.", "MyFord Touch __knowledge__ It was regarded as the next-generation of Ford Sync.", "MyFord Touch __knowledge__ Announced in January 2010, at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), the technology launched with the 2011 Ford Edge.", "MyFord Touch __knowledge__ Reviews of MyFord Touch were overwhelmingly negative.", "MyFord Touch __knowledge__ A USB drive, self-installed software upgrade became available in March, 2012; this update was mailed out free-of-charge to all Ford customers, and Ford also offered free installation of the update by any Ford dealer.", "Lincoln MKX __knowledge__ The Lincoln MKX is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV manufactured and sold by Lincoln.", "Lincoln MKX __knowledge__ Having debuted as a 2007 model in December 2006, the first-generation MKX is a rebadged variant of the Ford Edge.", "Lincoln MKX __knowledge__ It uses Ford's CD3 platform for the first generation (2007–2015) and CD4 platform for the second generation (2016–2018).", "Lincoln MKX __knowledge__ The MKX features unibody construction and front-wheel-drive with available all-wheel-drive.", "Lincoln MKX __knowledge__ It is manufactured at Oakville Assembly in Oakville, Ontario, Canada.", "Lincoln MKX __knowledge__ The MKX has been Lincoln's best selling model since 2016.", "Lincoln MKX __knowledge__ In the 2019 model year, the MKX will be renamed Nautilus.", "Lincoln MKX __knowledge__ The Lincoln MKX made its first appearance as a concept car at the 2004 North American International Auto Show as a successor to the Lincoln Aviator.", "Bloomington Edge __knowledge__ The Bloomington Edge are a professional indoor football team based in Bloomington, Illinois.", "Bloomington Edge __knowledge__ They are currently a member of the Indoor Football League (IFL).", "Bloomington Edge __knowledge__ Originally named the Bloomington Extreme, the team was a member of United Indoor Football (UIF), and joined the Indoor Football League (IFL) in 2009 during the UIF and Intense Football League merger.", "Bloomington Edge __knowledge__ They left the IFL for the Champions Professional Indoor Football League (CPIFL) in 2013, and in 2015 the CPIFL merged with the Lone Star Football League (LSFL) to create Champions Indoor Football (CIF), where Bloomington did not follow and joined X-League Indoor Football (X-League).", "Ford Cyclone engine __knowledge__ The Cyclone engine is Ford Motor Company's latest DOHC V6 family of gasoline engines introduced in 2006.", "Ford Cyclone engine __knowledge__ The Cyclone engine succeeds Ford's previous V6 engine families, the Ford Essex engine introduced in 1981, the Ford Vulcan engine introduced in 1985, the Duratec V6 introduced in 1993, and the Ford Cologne V6 engine, whose original design dates back to 1962.", "Ford Cyclone engine __knowledge__ The first version of the Cyclone engine, a 3.5 L V6, appeared in the 2007 Ford Edge and the Lincoln-badged luxury variant, the Lincoln MKX, as well as the Lincoln MKZ.", "Ford Cyclone engine __knowledge__ Mazda badges its versions of the Cyclone MZI as it did with its versions of the \"Duratec V6\".", "Ford EcoBoost engine __knowledge__ EcoBoost is a marketing name for turbocharged, direct-injection petrol engines produced by Ford and originally co-developed by German company .", "Ford EcoBoost engine __knowledge__ EcoBoost-equipped engines are designed to deliver horsepower and torque consistent with those of larger-displacement (cylinder volume), naturally aspirated engines, which Ford claims can achieve about 30% better fuel efficiency and 15% fewer greenhouse emissions.", "Ford EcoBoost engine __knowledge__ Ford sees the EcoBoost technology as less costly and more versatile than further-developing or expanding the use of hybrid and diesel engine technologies.", "Ford EcoBoost engine __knowledge__ EcoBoost engines are broadly available across Ford's vehicle lineup.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ The Lincoln Motor Company (also known simply as Lincoln) is a division of the Ford Motor Company that sells luxury vehicles under the Lincoln brand.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ Founded in 1917 by Henry M. Leland, Lincoln became a subsidiary of Ford in 1922, but is now a division of Ford.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ While currently sold primarily in North America, Ford introduced the Lincoln brand to China in 2014.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ Lincoln vehicles are also officially sold in the Middle East and South Korea.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ The current Lincoln model range in North America consists of two sedans (Continental and MKZ), three crossover utility vehicles (MKC, MKT, and MKX), and a sport utility vehicle (Navigator/Navigator L).", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ The Honda Fit, also marketed as the Honda Jazz, is a five-door, front-engine, front-wheel drive B-segment subcompact car manufactured and marketed by Honda since 2001 and now in its third generation.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Marketed worldwide and manufactured at ten plants in eight countries, sales reached almost 5 million by mid-2013.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Sharing Honda's global small-car platform with the City, Airwave, Mobilio, Mobilio Spike, Freed and Freed Spike, the Fit is noted for its one-box or monospace with an interior design concept that achieves a re-configurable cargo volume competitive with larger vehicles.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Honda released hybrid petrol-electric versions of the Fit in Japan in October 2010 and in Europe in early 2011.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The Honda City is a compact car which has been produced by the Japanese manufacturer Honda since 1981.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Originally made for the Japanese, European and Australasian markets, the subcompact City 3-door hatchback was retired in 1994 after the second generation.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The nameplate was revived in 1996 for use on a series of compact four-door sedans aimed primarily at developing markets, first mainly sold in Asia outside Japan but later also in Latin America and Australia.", "Honda City __knowledge__ From 2002 to 2008, the City was also sold as the Honda Fit Aria in Japan.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Since then, it has been a compact sedan built on Honda's Global Small Car platform, which is shared with the Fit/Jazz (a five-door hatchback), the Airwave/Partner (a wagon/panel van version of the Fit Aria/City), the Mobilio, and the Mobilio Spike—all of which share the location of the fuel tank under the front seats rather than rear seats.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that was manufactured and marketed by Honda in its first generation as a three-door, two passenger hatchback (1999–2006) and in its second generation as a five-door, five passenger hatchback (2009–2014).", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Insight was the first production vehicle to feature Honda's Integrated Motor Assist system.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The first generation Insight is the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability for the length of its production run.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ EPA estimates were 61 City/70 Highway/65 Combined.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ However, that was under the old EPA standards.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Honda Accord is a series of automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Accord nameplate has been applied to a variety of vehicles worldwide, including coupes, wagons, hatchbacks and a crossover.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ Since initiation, Honda has offered several different car body styles and versions of the Accord, and often vehicles marketed under the Accord nameplate concurrently in different regions differ quite substantially.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ It debuted in 1976 as a compact hatchback, though this style only lasted through 1989, as the line-up was expanded to include a sedan, coupé, and wagon.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ There is a variety of HEV types, and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy to charge the battery." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "Economy car __knowledge__ An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low-cost purchase and operation.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Typical economy cars are small (compact or subcompact), lightweight, and inexpensive to buy.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Economy car designers are forced by stringent design constraints to be inventive.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Many innovations in automobile design were originally developed for economy cars, such as the Ford Model T and the Austin Mini.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Gordon Murray, the Formula 1 and Mclaren F1 designer, said when designing his new Murray T.25 city car: \"I would say that building a car to sell for six thousand pounds and designing that for a high-volume production, where you have all the quality issues under control, is a hundred times more difficult than designing a Mclaren F1, or even a racing car.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any motor vehicle that can be recharged from an external source of electricity, such as wall sockets, and the electricity stored in the rechargeable battery packs drives or contributes to drive the wheels.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ PEV is a subset of electric vehicles that includes all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), and electric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ In China, plug-in electric vehicles are called new energy vehicles (NEVs).", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ Plug-in cars have several benefits compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ The Honda Fit, also marketed as the Honda Jazz, is a five-door, front-engine, front-wheel drive B-segment subcompact car manufactured and marketed by Honda since 2001 and now in its third generation.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Marketed worldwide and manufactured at ten plants in eight countries, sales reached almost 5 million by mid-2013.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Sharing Honda's global small-car platform with the City, Airwave, Mobilio, Mobilio Spike, Freed and Freed Spike, the Fit is noted for its one-box or monospace with an interior design concept that achieves a re-configurable cargo volume competitive with larger vehicles.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Honda released hybrid petrol-electric versions of the Fit in Japan in October 2010 and in Europe in early 2011.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in the United States is actively supported by the American federal government, and several state and local governments.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ , cumulative sales in the U.S. totaled 764,666 highway legal plug-in electric vehicles since the market launch of the Tesla Roadster in 2008, , the American stock represented 28.1% of the global light-duty plug-in stock, and the U.S. had the world's third largest stock of plug-in passenger cars after China and Europe.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. market share of plug-in electric passenger cars increased from 0.14% in 2011 to 0.62% in 2013.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The plug-in segment reached a market share of 0.75% in 2014 and fell to 0.66% in 2015.", "Electric car __knowledge__ An electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy stored in rechargeable batteries.", "Electric car __knowledge__ The first practical electric cars were produced in the 1880s.", "Electric car __knowledge__ Electric cars were popular in the late 19th century and early 20th century, until advances in internal combustion engines, electric starters in particular, and mass production of cheaper gasoline vehicles led to a decline in the use of electric drive vehicles.", "Electric car __knowledge__ In 1897, electric cars found their first commercial use in the USA.", "Electric car __knowledge__ New York City taxis were electric, and they were manufactured by the Philadelphian Electric Carriage and Wagon company.", "Rambler American __knowledge__ The Rambler American is an automobile manufactured by the American Motors Corporation (AMC) between 1958 and 1969.", "Rambler American __knowledge__ The American was the second incarnation of AMC's forerunner Nash Motors second-generation Rambler compact that was sold under the Nash and Hudson Motors marques from 1954 and 1955.", "Rambler American __knowledge__ The American can be classified in three distinct model year generations: 1958 to 1960, 1961 to 1963, and 1964 to 1969.", "Rambler American __knowledge__ During the entire length of its production, the car was sold under the Rambler brand name, and was the last Rambler named automobile marketed in the Canadian and United States markets.", "Rambler American __knowledge__ The compact Rambler American was most often the lowest priced car built in the U.S.", "Stamp duty in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Stamp duty in the United Kingdom is a form of tax charged on legal instruments (written documents), and historically required a physical stamp to be attached to or impressed upon the document in question.", "Stamp duty in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The more modern versions of the tax no longer require a physical stamp.", "Stamp duty in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Stamp duty was first introduced in England on 28 June 1694, during the reign of William III and Mary II, under \"An act for granting to their Majesties several duties upon vellum, parchment and paper, for four years, towards carrying on the war against France\".", "Stamp duty in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In the 1702/03 financial year 3,932,933 stamps were embossed in England for a total value of £91,206.10s.4d.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" is a single released in 1985 by the Swiss band Yello and featured on their album \"Stella\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song features a mix of electronic music and manipulated vocals.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song gained popularity after being featured in the films \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and \"The Secret of My Success\", among other films.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It has become an iconic anthem of the 1980s, and used to metaphorically represent lust (in various forms) and cocaine.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It is a popular staple in movies, television and commercials.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Its 1987 re-released version features the extra lyrics: \"such a good time / a really good time\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Describing the composition of \"Oh Yeah,\" Blank said, \"First I did the music and then I invited Dieter to sing along, and he came up with some lines which I thought, 'no Dieter, it's too complicated, we don't need that many lyrics'.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ \"Sexy\" is the fifteenth episode of the second season of the American musical comedy-drama television series \"Glee\", and the thirty-seventh episode overall.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ It was written by Brad Falchuk, directed by Ryan Murphy, and first aired on the Fox network on March 8, 2011.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ The episode mainly revolves around the topics of sex and adolescent sexuality.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ In it, Holly Holliday (Gwyneth Paltrow) returns to McKinley High School as a substitute teacher in a class devoted to sex education.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ Glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) begins to develop feelings for Holly, and guidance counselor and celibacy club advisor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays) is less than pleased with Holly's lessons.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ Stella is the fourth studio album by the Swiss electronic band Yello, first released in Germany, Switzerland and Austria on 29 January 1985, and in the UK and US in March 1985.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ It was the first album made by the band without founder member Carlos Perón, and with his departure the remaining duo of Boris Blank and Dieter Meier began to move away from experimental electronic sounds towards a more commercial synthpop and cinematic soundtrack style.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ As well as becoming the first album ever by a Swiss group to top the Swiss album chart, it was the band's breakthrough album internationally, helped by the success of the song \"Oh Yeah\", which gained the band worldwide attention the following year after it was prominently featured in the 1986 film \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and then a year later in \"The Secret of My Success\".", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ Oh Yeah is a music centre located in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in the Cathedral Quarter.", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ It was founded primarily to support young talented musicians and bands from Northern Ireland and its huge and growing music scene by providing help and promotion, technical equipment for rehearsing, recording, gigs and event organisation, performing space and releases of band compilations (\"Oh Yeah Sessions\").", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ The Oh Yeah music centre's genres are varying in its manifoldness of Alternative rock, Indie rock, Electronica, Post rock, Post punk, Crossover, Experimental rock and further musical stylistic ways and conceptions.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "AMC Hornet __knowledge__ The AMC Hornet is a compact automobile which was manufactured and marketed by the American Motors Corporation (AMC) in a single generation from model years 1970 through 1977.", "AMC Hornet __knowledge__ The Hornet replaced the compact Rambler American marking the end of the Rambler marque in the American and Canadian markets.", "AMC Hornet __knowledge__ Hornets were also marketed in foreign markets, as well as assembled under license agreements with AMC that included Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM), Australian Motor Industries (AMI), and by Toyota S.A. Ltd. in South Africa.", "AMC Hornet __knowledge__ The new Hornet became an important vehicle and platform for AMC.", "AMC Hornet __knowledge__ It served the company in one form or another for eighteen years, until the 1988 model year." ] ]

[ 2, 5, 8, 7 ]

[ "I really love my Honda Civic. They have gone through some changes and I am glad they have made it larger.", "I had a Ford Edge. This one is somewhere in between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Oh yeah, not enough room in there with kids. I like this one because it is better on gas, more reliable, and I like the overall design, seems sporty.", "I think it would suit anyone. It really has good interior space whether you have kids or not. I mean you won't be in the car by yourself all the time." ]

[ "Honda Civic", "Honda Civic", "Honda Civic", "Honda Civic" ]

[ "Author", "I believe everyone has a good story in them. What do you think you would write about?", "My favorite book is a children's story. I believe you can still have a great message to share. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Author __knowledge__ An author is the creator or originator of any written work such as a book or play, and is thus also a writer.", "Author __knowledge__ More broadly defined, an author is \"the person who originated or gave existence to anything\" and whose authorship determines responsibility for what was created.", "Author __knowledge__ Typically, the first owner of a copyright is the person who created the work i.e.", "Author __knowledge__ the author.", "Author __knowledge__ If more than one person created the work, then a case of joint authorship can be made provided some criteria are met.", "Author __knowledge__ In the copyright laws of various jurisdictions, there is a necessity for little flexibility regarding what constitutes authorship.", "Author __knowledge__ The United States Copyright Office, for example, defines copyright as \"a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) to authors of \"original works of authorship\".", "Author __knowledge__ Holding the title of \"author\" over any \"literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, [or] certain other intellectual works\" gives rights to this person, the owner of the copyright, especially the exclusive right to engage in or authorize any production or distribution of their work.", "Author __knowledge__ Any person or entity wishing to use intellectual property held under copyright must receive permission from the copyright holder to use this work, and often will be asked to pay for the use of copyrighted material." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Author __knowledge__ An author is the creator or originator of any written work such as a book or play, and is thus also a writer.", "Author __knowledge__ More broadly defined, an author is \"the person who originated or gave existence to anything\" and whose authorship determines responsibility for what was created.", "Author __knowledge__ Typically, the first owner of a copyright is the person who created the work i.e.", "Author __knowledge__ the author.", "Author __knowledge__ If more than one person created the work, then a case of joint authorship can be made provided some criteria are met.", "Author __knowledge__ In the copyright laws of various jurisdictions, there is a necessity for little flexibility regarding what constitutes authorship.", "Author __knowledge__ The United States Copyright Office, for example, defines copyright as \"a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) to authors of \"original works of authorship\".", "Author __knowledge__ Holding the title of \"author\" over any \"literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, [or] certain other intellectual works\" gives rights to this person, the owner of the copyright, especially the exclusive right to engage in or authorize any production or distribution of their work.", "Author __knowledge__ Any person or entity wishing to use intellectual property held under copyright must receive permission from the copyright holder to use this work, and often will be asked to pay for the use of copyrighted material.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ This list comprises the items featured in the American fantasy-drama television series \"Once Upon a Time\" and its spin-off \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\".", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The Aging Dust is causes the victim to age.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The amount of aging depends on the amount of dust used.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Emma put some in the onion rings she gave Zelena, to accelerate her pregnancy.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ She wanted baby Robin out of the way so she could put the Darkness into Zelena and then kill her with Excalibur.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Mr. Gold owns some as well as he used it to temporarily age a fairy that he and the Evil Queen chased and captured into an old woman.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Regina was mentioned to have found a way to restore the fairy back to her rightful age.", "History of Blake's 7 __knowledge__ Blake's 7 is a British science fiction television programme that was produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for its station BBC1.", "History of Blake's 7 __knowledge__ Set in the far future, \"Blake's 7\" follows the fortunes of a group of rebels in their fight against the dictatorial Terran Federation Four thirteen-episode series were produced between 1978 and 1981.", "History of Blake's 7 __knowledge__ \"Blake's 7\" was created by Terry Nation, who later described it as \"\"The Dirty Dozen\" in space” David Maloney was assigned to produce the series and Chris Boucher was appointed as the script editor.", "History of Blake's 7 __knowledge__ Gareth Thomas was cast as the eponymous Blake.", "History of Blake's 7 __knowledge__ The series' budget was severely restricted, which limited the scope for visual effects.", "Either/Or __knowledge__ Either/Or (Danish: \"Enten – Eller\") is the first published work of the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard.", "Either/Or __knowledge__ Appearing in two volumes in 1843 under the pseudonymous editorship of \"Victor Eremita\" (Latin for \"victorious hermit\"), it outlines a theory of human existence, marked by the distinction between an essentially hedonistic, aesthetic mode of life and the ethical life, which is predicated upon commitment.", "Either/Or __knowledge__ \"Either/Or\" portrays two life views.", "Either/Or __knowledge__ Each life view is written and represented by a fictional pseudonymous author, with the prose of the work reflecting and depending on the life view being discussed.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ Susan Wendy Kennedy (also Smith and Kinski), is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Jackie Woodburne.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ The character and her family were created by storyliners in an attempt to bring the show back to its roots.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ Susan made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 3 October 1994, along with her eldest son and daughter.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ The storyliners made Susan a teacher at Erinsborough High to give her immediate links with other characters.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ Since her introduction, Susan's personality and appearance have been through several changes.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ Her storylines have seen her begin a relationship with a Priest, being married, divorced and widowed.", "John Milius __knowledge__ John Frederick Milius (born April 11, 1944) is an American screenwriter, director, and producer of motion pictures.", "John Milius __knowledge__ He was one of the writers for the first two \"Dirty Harry\" films, received an Academy Award nomination as screenwriter of \"Apocalypse Now,\" and wrote and directed \"The Wind and the Lion\", \"Conan the Barbarian\" and \"Red Dawn.\"", "John Milius __knowledge__ Milius was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the youngest of three children to Elizabeth (née Roe) and William Styx Milius, who was a shoe manufacturer.", "John Milius __knowledge__ When Milius was seven his father sold his business, retired and moved to California, where Milius became an enthusiastic surfer.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Good Game is an Australian television gaming programme produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), which aired on ABC2.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Created by Janet Carr, Jeremy Ray and Michael Makowski.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show began in 2006 and includes a mix of gaming news, reviews, and features.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The original hosts were Jeremy \"Junglist\" Ray and Michael \"Kapowski\" Makowski; the latter was replaced by Steven \"Bajo\" O'Donnell in 2007, and the former was replaced by Stephanie \"Hex\" Bendixsen in 2009.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ Other on screen presenters included field reporter Gus \"Goose\" Ronald and Dave Callan.", "Good Game (TV program) __knowledge__ The show is named after the friendly phrase gamers traditionally say after completing a competitive match.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Dot Cotton __knowledge__ Dorothy “Dot” Branning (also Cotton) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera, \"EastEnders\", played by June Brown since 1985.", "Dot Cotton __knowledge__ Dot first appeared in \"EastEnders\" in July 1985 as the mother of criminal Nick Cotton (John Altman).", "Dot Cotton __knowledge__ The character has worked as a launderette assistant for most of that time along with original character Pauline Fowler (Wendy Richard).", "Dot Cotton __knowledge__ Dot moved away with her son and his family in 1993.", "Dot Cotton __knowledge__ In reality, Brown left the show in 1993, unhappy with the axing of her co star Peter Dean, who played Pete Beale from the shows first episode to early 1993.", "Dot Cotton __knowledge__ Brown returned to the role as a recurring character from April 1997 to April 1998 and was again made a regular from November 1998 onwards.", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "To Kill a Mockingbird __knowledge__ To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960.", "To Kill a Mockingbird __knowledge__ It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature.", "To Kill a Mockingbird __knowledge__ The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family, her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama, in 1936, when she was 10 years old.", "To Kill a Mockingbird __knowledge__ The story is told by the six-year-old Jean Louise Finch.", "To Kill a Mockingbird __knowledge__ The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality.", "To Kill a Mockingbird __knowledge__ The narrator's father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers.", "All Creatures Great and Small (TV series) __knowledge__ All Creatures Great and Small is a British television series based on the books of the British veterinary surgeon Alf Wight, who wrote under the pseudonym James Herriot.", "All Creatures Great and Small (TV series) __knowledge__ In 1977, the BBC tasked producer Bill Sellars with the creation of a television series from Herriot's first two novels, \"If Only They Could Talk\" and \"It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet\", using the title of the 1975 film adaptation.", "All Creatures Great and Small (TV series) __knowledge__ The Herriot novels were written in an episodic style, with each chapter generally containing a short story within the ongoing narrative of Herriot's life.", "All Creatures Great and Small (TV series) __knowledge__ This format greatly facilitated their adaptation for a television series.", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ \"Holby City\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 12 January 1999 on BBC One.", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ The series was created by Tony McHale and Mal Young as a spin-off from the established BBC medical drama \"Casualty\".", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ It is set in the same hospital as \"Casualty\", Holby General, in the fictional city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with both \"Casualty\" (in episodes broadcast as \"Casualty@Holby City\") and the show's 2007 police procedural spin-off \"HolbyBlue\".", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ \"Holby City\" follows the professional and personal lives of surgeons, nurses, other medical and ancillary staff and patients at Holby General." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Author __knowledge__ An author is the creator or originator of any written work such as a book or play, and is thus also a writer.", "Author __knowledge__ More broadly defined, an author is \"the person who originated or gave existence to anything\" and whose authorship determines responsibility for what was created.", "Author __knowledge__ Typically, the first owner of a copyright is the person who created the work i.e.", "Author __knowledge__ the author.", "Author __knowledge__ If more than one person created the work, then a case of joint authorship can be made provided some criteria are met.", "Author __knowledge__ In the copyright laws of various jurisdictions, there is a necessity for little flexibility regarding what constitutes authorship.", "Author __knowledge__ The United States Copyright Office, for example, defines copyright as \"a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) to authors of \"original works of authorship\".", "Author __knowledge__ Holding the title of \"author\" over any \"literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, [or] certain other intellectual works\" gives rights to this person, the owner of the copyright, especially the exclusive right to engage in or authorize any production or distribution of their work.", "Author __knowledge__ Any person or entity wishing to use intellectual property held under copyright must receive permission from the copyright holder to use this work, and often will be asked to pay for the use of copyrighted material.", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ What's So Amazing About Grace?", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ is a 1997 book by Philip Yancey, an American journalist and editor-at-large for \"Christianity Today\".", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ The book examines grace in Christianity, contending that people crave grace and that it is central to the gospel, but that many local churches ignore grace and instead seek to exterminate immorality.", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ \"What's So Amazing About Grace?\"", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ includes Bible stories, anecdotes from Yancey's life, accounts of historical events and other stories.", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ These include a modern retelling of the Parable of the Prodigal Son, an account of Yancey's friendship with Mel White who came out as homosexual, a comparison of the teachings of early Christians Pelagius and Augustine of Hippo, and a summary of Karen Blixen's short story \"Babette's Feast\".", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "Pacific Rim (film) __knowledge__ Pacific Rim is a 2013 American science fiction action film directed by Guillermo del Toro and starring Charlie Hunnam, Idris Elba, Rinko Kikuchi, Charlie Day, Burn Gorman, Robert Kazinsky, Max Martini, and Ron Perlman.", "Pacific Rim (film) __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Travis Beacham and del Toro from a story by Beacham.", "Pacific Rim (film) __knowledge__ The film is set in the future, when Earth is at war with the Kaiju, colossal sea monsters which have emerged from an interdimensional portal on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.", "Pacific Rim (film) __knowledge__ To combat the monsters, humanity unites to create the Jaegers, gigantic humanoid mechas, each controlled by at least two pilots, whose minds are joined by a mental link.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ Gone with the Wind is a novel by American writer Margaret Mitchell, first published in 1936.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ The story is set in Clayton County and Atlanta, both in Georgia, during the American Civil War and Reconstruction Era.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ It depicts the struggles of young Scarlett O'Hara, the spoiled daughter of a well-to-do plantation owner, who must use every means at her disposal to claw her way out of poverty following Sherman's destructive \"March to the Sea\".", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ This historical novel features a \"Bildungsroman\" or coming-of-age story, with the title taken from a poem written by Ernest Dowson.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ \"Gone with the Wind\" was popular with American readers from the outset and was the top American fiction bestseller in 1936 and 1937.", "To Kill a Mockingbird __knowledge__ To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960.", "To Kill a Mockingbird __knowledge__ It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature.", "To Kill a Mockingbird __knowledge__ The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family, her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama, in 1936, when she was 10 years old.", "To Kill a Mockingbird __knowledge__ The story is told by the six-year-old Jean Louise Finch.", "To Kill a Mockingbird __knowledge__ The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality.", "To Kill a Mockingbird __knowledge__ The narrator's father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers.", "Harper Lee __knowledge__ Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926February 19, 2016), better known by her pen name Harper Lee, was an American novelist widely known for \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", published in 1960.", "Harper Lee __knowledge__ Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature.", "Harper Lee __knowledge__ Though Lee had only published this single book, in 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature.", "Harper Lee __knowledge__ Additionally, Lee received numerous honorary degrees, though she declined to speak on those occasions.", "Harper Lee __knowledge__ She was also known for assisting her close friend Truman Capote in his research for the book \"In Cold Blood\" (1966).", "Go Set a Watchman __knowledge__ Go Set a Watchman is a novel by Harper Lee published on July 14, 2015 by HarperCollins, United States and William Heinemann, United Kingdom.", "Go Set a Watchman __knowledge__ Although written before her first and only other published novel, the Pulitzer Prize-winning \"To Kill a Mockingbird\"and initially promoted by its publisher as a sequelit is now more widely accepted as being a first draft of the famous novel.", "Go Set a Watchman __knowledge__ The title comes from Isaiah 21:6: \"For thus hath the Lord said unto me, Go, set a watchman, let him declare what he seeth.\"", "Go Set a Watchman __knowledge__ It alludes to Jean Louise Finch's view of her father, Atticus Finch, as the moral compass (\"watchman\") of Maycomb, and has a theme of disillusionment, as she discovers the extent of the bigotry in her home community.", "Truman Capote __knowledge__ Truman Garcia Capote (; born Truman Streckfus Persons, September 30, 1924 – August 25, 1984) was an American novelist, screenwriter, playwright, and actor.", "Truman Capote __knowledge__ Many of Capote's short stories, novels, plays, and nonfiction are recognized as literary classics, including the novella \"Breakfast at Tiffany's\" (1958) and the true crime novel \"In Cold Blood\" (1966), which he labeled a \"nonfiction novel\".", "Truman Capote __knowledge__ At least 20 films and television dramas have been produced from Capote novels, stories, and plays.", "Truman Capote __knowledge__ Capote rose above a childhood troubled by divorce, a long absence from his mother, and multiple migrations.", "Mount Isa Mine Early Infrastructure __knowledge__ Mount Isa Mine Early Infrastructure is a heritage-listed group of mining infrastructure on the Mount Isa Mine Lease, Mount Isa, City of Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia.", "Mount Isa Mine Early Infrastructure __knowledge__ They comprise the Lawlor Shaft & Winding Plant, the Urquhart Shaft and Headframe, the Mount Isa Mine Experimental Dam, and the Mount Isa Mine Power Station.", "Mount Isa Mine Early Infrastructure __knowledge__ They were built from 1924 to .", "Mount Isa Mine Early Infrastructure __knowledge__ They were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 February 2005.", "Mount Isa Mine Early Infrastructure __knowledge__ John Campbell Miles discovered the ores of Mount Isa as lead outcrops early in 1923.", "Mount Isa Mine Early Infrastructure __knowledge__ Such a late find on a mineral field closely prospected for nearly sixty years was probably due to the fact that most Queensland prospectors were looking for copper or gold and lead mining was an alien tradition.", "Tay Hohoff __knowledge__ Therese von Hohoff Torrey (\"Tay Hohoff\") (July 3, 1898 — January 5, 1974) was an American literary editor with the publishing firm J.", "Tay Hohoff __knowledge__ B. Lippincott & Co.. Strong-willed and forceful, she worked closely with author Harper Lee over the course of nearly three years to give final shape to her classic novel \"To Kill A Mockingbird\".", "Tay Hohoff __knowledge__ After the commercial and literary success of the novel, she shielded Harper Lee from the intense pressure to write another one.", "Tay Hohoff __knowledge__ She retired from a senior editorial position at the firm in 1973 and died the following year.", "Tay Hohoff __knowledge__ Tay Hohoff's parents, Ernest Albrecht Hohoff Jr. and Anna Walter Hallock, raised her in a multi-generational Quaker home in Brooklyn, near Prospect Park.", "Greg Neri __knowledge__ Greg Neri is an American author who has the pen name G. Neri, and is known for his work in young-adult fiction.", "Greg Neri __knowledge__ He has written in free-verse (\"Chess Rumble, Hello I'm Johnny Cash\"), novelistic prose (\"Tru & Nelle, Ghetto Cowboy, Knockout Games,Surf Mules\"), and for graphic novels (\"Yummy\").", "Greg Neri __knowledge__ Neri has received multiple awards from the American Library Association (2011 Coretta Scott King Honor Award, 2012 Odyssey Award Honor, 2008, 2011, 2013, 2014 ALA Notable Books) and the International Reading Association (2010 Lee Bennett Hopkins Promising Poet Award, 2008, 2011, 2013, 2014 Notable Books) among other honors (2010 Cybil Award, 2011 Once Upon a World Award from Simon Wiesenthal Center, 2012 Horace Mann Upstanders Children's Book Award, 2014 Florida Book Awards, 2014 VLA Jefferson Cup)." ] ]

[ 1, 69, 1 ]

[ "I've always thought I might have a story to tell as an author, writer.", "I don't think I'd rise to the level of Harper Lee, I think a children's story.", "I agree but having said that I don't think that children's author and writer get that much respect." ]

[ "Author", "Author", "Author" ]

[ "Skateboarding", "How much balance must a person have in order to ride one of these skate boards? I would be afraid of getting hurt.", "I imagine that would be an effective way to get around. Does the person need to wear any safety equipment?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas and parks.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The first skateboards started with wooden boxes, or boards, with roller skate wheels attached to the bottom.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Crate scooters preceded skateboards, having a wooden crate attached to the nose (front of the board), which formed rudimentary handlebars.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The boxes turned into planks, similar to the skateboard decks of today." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas and parks.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The first skateboards started with wooden boxes, or boards, with roller skate wheels attached to the bottom.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Crate scooters preceded skateboards, having a wooden crate attached to the nose (front of the board), which formed rudimentary handlebars.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The boxes turned into planks, similar to the skateboard decks of today.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Princess and I __knowledge__ Princess and I is a 2012 Philippine teen television drama starring Kathryn Bernardo, Enrique Gil and Daniel Padilla together with an ensemble cast, it aired on ABS-CBN's \"Primetime Bida\" evening block and worldwide on The Filipino Channel.", "Princess and I __knowledge__ The show aired from April 16, 2012 to February 1, 2013.", "Princess and I __knowledge__ Princess Areeyah \"Mikay\" Wangchuck (Kathryn Bernardo) grew up with her adoptive family.", "Princess and I __knowledge__ She is close to her father Dinoy Maghirang (Dominic Ochoa), mother and two sisters.", "Princess and I __knowledge__ Unbeknownst to all of them, she is the only daughter of King Anand Wangchuck (Albert Martinez) and Queen Isabel Wangchuck (Precious Lara Quigaman) and is the long-lost crown princess of the fictional Kingdom of Yangdon (based on real world Bhutan).", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Coping (psychology) __knowledge__ In psychology, coping means to invest own conscious effort, to solve personal and interpersonal problems, in order to try to master, minimize or tolerate stress and conflict.", "Coping (psychology) __knowledge__ The psychological coping mechanisms are commonly termed \"coping strategies\" or \"coping skills\".", "Coping (psychology) __knowledge__ The term coping generally refers to adaptive (constructive) coping strategies.", "Coping (psychology) __knowledge__ That is strategies which reduce stress.", "Coping (psychology) __knowledge__ In contrast, other coping strategies may be coined as maladaptive, if they increase stress.", "Coping (psychology) __knowledge__ Maladaptive coping is therefore also described, when looking at the outcome, as non-coping.", "Coping (psychology) __knowledge__ Furthermore, the term coping generally refers to reactive coping, i.e.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ Longboarding is the act of riding on a longboard.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ Longboarding also has competitive races down hill, with some riders reaching speeds exceeding 50 miles per hour.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ A longboard varies in shape and size unlike its set counterpart, the skateboard, and has more stability, traction and durability due to larger wheel size and lower wheel durometers.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ Many, but not all longboards, use trucks (axles) that contain different geometric parameters than a skateboard as well.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ These factors and their variation have given way to a variety of disciplines, functions and purposes for a longboard.", "Longboarding __knowledge__ The angles at which some longboards can turn, as well as their ability to coast long distances make them more suitable for cruising, and commuting, on streets than regular skateboards.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ John Rodney Mullen (born August 17, 1966) is an American professional skateboarder, entrepreneur, inventor, and public speaker who practices freestyle and street skateboarding.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ He is widely considered the most influential street skater in the history of the sport, being credited for inventing numerous tricks, including the kickflip, heelflip, impossible, and 360-flip.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ As a result, he has been called the \"Godfather of Street Skateboarding.\"", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ Rodney Mullen won his first world skateboard championship at the age of 14; over the following decade, he won 35 out of 36 freestyle contests, thus establishing the most successful competitive run in the history of the sport.", "Flip trick __knowledge__ A flip trick is a type of skateboarding trick in which the skateboard rotates around its vertical axis, or its vertical axis and its horizontal axis simultaneously.", "Flip trick __knowledge__ The first flip trick called a kickflip, originally called a \"magic flip,\" was invented by professional skateboarder Rodney Mullen.", "Flip trick __knowledge__ The following is a list of general skateboarding terms that will assist novice readers to better understand the descriptions of flip tricks contained in this article: The concepts of frontside and backside originate from surfing, whereby the terms defined the position of the surfer in relation to the wave.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Snowboarding is a recreational activity and Olympic and Paralympic sport that involves descending a snow-covered slope while standing on a snowboard attached to a rider's feet.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ The development of snowboarding was inspired by skateboarding, sledding, surfing and skiing.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ It was developed in the United States in the 1960s, became a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and first featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.", "Snowboarding __knowledge__ Modern snowboarding began in 1965 when Sherman Poppen, an engineer in Muskegon, Michigan, invented a toy for his daughters by fastening two skis together and attaching a rope to one end so he would have some control as they stood on the board and glided downhill.", "Skateboarding styles __knowledge__ A skateboard style refers to the way a skateboarder prefers to ride a skateboard.", "Skateboarding styles __knowledge__ Skateboard styles can be broadly divided into two different categories: skateboarding to perform tricks and skateboarding as a means of transportation.", "Skateboarding styles __knowledge__ Styles of skateboarding have evolved over time and are influenced by a number of factors including sociocultural evolution, mass media, music, technology, corporate influence and individual skill level.", "Skateboarding styles __knowledge__ The styles used by different skateboarders when riding skateboards should not be confused with skater style, the manner in which skateboarders dress or act in relation to skateboarding culture.", "Extreme Pogo __knowledge__ Extreme Pogo or Xpogo is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks on specially designed \"extreme\" pogo sticks.", "Extreme Pogo __knowledge__ Today’s Xpogo sticks have the potential for jumping over 3 meters of height .", "Extreme Pogo __knowledge__ Extreme pogo is a relatively new and popular extreme sport.", "Extreme Pogo __knowledge__ Xpogo can be seen in athlete exhibition teams, Xpogo content on sites such as YouTube, and the annual Pogopalooza: The Xpogo World Championship Series.", "Extreme Pogo __knowledge__ Xpogo competitions have begun in countries outside of the USA.", "Extreme Pogo __knowledge__ An Xpogo commercial was run by Nike during the London Olympics.", "Extreme Pogo __knowledge__ Xpogo athletes were included in the 2014 Rose Parade in Pasadena, California." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas and parks.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The first skateboards started with wooden boxes, or boards, with roller skate wheels attached to the bottom.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Crate scooters preceded skateboards, having a wooden crate attached to the nose (front of the board), which formed rudimentary handlebars.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The boxes turned into planks, similar to the skateboard decks of today.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Safety wire __knowledge__ Safety wire or locking-wire is a type of \"positive locking device\" that prevents fasteners from loosening or falling out due to vibration and other forces.", "Safety wire __knowledge__ The presence of safety wiring may also serve to indicate that the fasteners have been properly tightened.", "Safety wire __knowledge__ Safety wire is available in a variety of gauges and materials, depending on the application.", "Safety wire __knowledge__ In aircraft and racing applications, stainless steel wire is used, such as in diameter.", "Safety wire __knowledge__ Typically, the wire is threaded through a hole drilled into a fastener or part, then twisted and anchored to a second fastener or part, then twisted again.", "Safety wire __knowledge__ There are a few techniques for different applications.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ A touchpoint can be defined as any way a consumer can interact with a business, whether it be person-to-person, through a website, an app or any form of communication (“Touchpoint Glossary”, n.d.).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ When consumers come in contact with these touchpoints it gives them the opportunity to compare their prior perceptions of the business and form an opinion (Stein, & Ramaseshan, 2016).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints in marketing communications are the varying ways that a brand interacts and displays information to prospective customers and current customers.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints allow customers to have experiences every time they “touch’ any part of the product, service, brand or organization, across multiple channels and various points in time (Pantano and Milena, 2015 and Zomerdijk and Voss, 2010).", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Reliability engineering __knowledge__ Reliability engineering is a sub-discipline of systems engineering that emphasizes dependability in the lifecycle management of a product.", "Reliability engineering __knowledge__ Dependability, or reliability, describes the ability of a system or component to function under stated conditions for a specified period of time.", "Reliability engineering __knowledge__ Reliability is closely related to availability, which is typically described as the ability of a component or system to function at a specified moment or interval of time.", "Reliability engineering __knowledge__ Reliability is theoretically defined as the probability of success formula_1 as the frequency of failures; or in terms of availability, as a probability derived from reliability, testability and maintainability.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity branding or celebrity endorsement is a form of advertising campaign or marketing strategy used by brands, companies, or a non-profit organization which involves celebrities or a well-known person using their social status or their fame to help promote a product, service or even raise awareness on environmental or social matters.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Marketers use celebrity endorsers in hopes that the positive images of the celebrity endorser of the brand will also be passed on to the products or the brand image associated with the celebrities.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity endorsement is usually commonly used by fashion or beauty brands, but a non-profit organization relies on celebrities as well, as celebrities have mass communication skills which can attract people's attention and is helpful in reaching a wider audience to raise their awareness towards a certain organization or an issue.", "Hot air balloon __knowledge__ A hot air balloon is a lighter than air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air.", "Hot air balloon __knowledge__ Suspended beneath is a gondola or wicker basket (in some long-distance or high-altitude balloons, a capsule), which carries passengers and (usually) a source of heat, in most cases an open flame.", "Hot air balloon __knowledge__ The heated air inside the envelope makes it buoyant since it has a lower density than the colder air outside the envelope.", "Hot air balloon __knowledge__ As with all aircraft, hot air balloons cannot fly beyond the atmosphere.", "Hot air balloon __knowledge__ Unlike gas balloons, the envelope does not have to be sealed at the bottom, since the air near the bottom of the envelope is at the same pressure as the surrounding air.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ The safety of underwater diving depends on four factors: the environment, the equipment, behaviour of the individual diver and performance of the dive team.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ The underwater environment can impose severe physical and psychological stress on a diver, and is mostly beyond the diver's control.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ Equipment is used to operate underwater for anything beyond very short periods, and the reliable function of some of the equipment is critical to even short term survival.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ Other equipment allows the diver to operate in relative comfort and efficiency.", "Diving safety __knowledge__ The performance of the individual diver depends on learned skills, many of which are not intuitive, and the performance of the team depends on communication and common goals.", "Underwater diving __knowledge__ Underwater diving, as a human activity, is the practice of descending below the water's surface to interact with the environment.", "Underwater diving __knowledge__ Immersion in water and exposure to high ambient pressure have physiological effects that limit the depths and duration possible in ambient pressure diving.", "Underwater diving __knowledge__ Humans are not physiologically and anatomically well adapted to the environmental conditions of diving, and various equipment has been developed to extend the depth and duration of human dives, and allow different types of work to be done.", "Underwater diving __knowledge__ In ambient pressure diving, the diver is directly exposed to the pressure of the surrounding water.", "Recreation __knowledge__ Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time.", "Recreation __knowledge__ The \"need to do something for recreation\" is an essential element of human biology and psychology.", "Recreation __knowledge__ Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be \"fun\".", "Recreation __knowledge__ The term \"recreation\" appears to have been used in English first in the late 14th century, first in the sense of \"refreshment or curing of a sick person\", and derived turn from Latin (\"re\": \"again\", \"creare\": \"to create, bring forth, beget\").", "Recreation __knowledge__ Humans spend their time in activities of daily living, work, sleep, social duties, and leisure, the latter time being free from prior commitments to physiologic or social needs, a prerequisite of recreation.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ Swimming is an individual or team sport that uses arms and legs to move the body through water.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ The sport takes place in pools or open water (e.g., in a sea or lake).", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports, with varied distance events in butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle, and individual medley.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ In addition to these individual events, four swimmers can take part in either a freestyle or medley relay.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ Swimming each stroke requires specific techniques, and in competition, there are specific regulations concerning the acceptable form for different strokes.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ There are also regulations on what types of swimsuits, caps, jewelry and injury tape are allowed at competitions.", "Relationship between avant-garde art and American pop culture __knowledge__ Avant-garde art and American pop culture have had an intriguing relationship from the time of the art form's inception in America to the current day.", "Relationship between avant-garde art and American pop culture __knowledge__ The art form, which began in the early half of the nineteenth century in Europe, started to rise slowly in America under the guise of Dadaism in 1915.", "Relationship between avant-garde art and American pop culture __knowledge__ While originally formed under a group of artists in New York City who wanted to counter pop culture with their art, music, and literature the art form began to grow into prominence with American pop culture due to a variety of factors between the 1940s to the 1970s.", "Relationship between avant-garde art and American pop culture __knowledge__ However, from many factors that arose in the late 1970s, avant-garde began to both lessen in prominence and began to blend with the pop culture to the point in which most art critics considered the art form extinct.", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada __knowledge__ The technological and industrial history of Canada encompasses the country's development in the areas of transportation, communication, energy, materials, public works, public services (health care), domestic/consumer and defence technologies.", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada __knowledge__ The terms chosen for the \"age\" described below are both literal and metaphorical.", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada __knowledge__ They describe the technology that dominated the period of time in question but are also representative of a large number of other technologies introduced during the same period.", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada __knowledge__ Also of note is the fact that the period of diffusion of a technology can begin modestly and can extend well beyond the \"age\" of its introduction." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4 ]

[ "Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks with a skateboard.", "It is also a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation", "maybe, a 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion" ]

[ "Skateboarding", "Skateboarding", "Skateboarding" ]

[ "Divorce\nMy parents are divorced", "Where is it required?", "Is polygamy illegal? ", "Well it being gross is an opinion.", "I hope you don't end up divorced." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "Effects of divorce __knowledge__ The effects of divorce on parents and their children have been studied in detail for decades.", "Effects of divorce __knowledge__ Strong evidence indicates that children whose parents get divorced experience significant psychological and social difficulties.", "Effects of divorce __knowledge__ Recent sociological studies have pointed to a variety of long-term economic, mental health, physical, and social consequences of divorce, although the full extent of such effects remains hotly debated.", "Effects of divorce __knowledge__ All the studies to date suffer from an inherent methodological weakness which researchers have not yet found a solution to: establishing the relevant baseline for comparisons.", "Effects of divorce __knowledge__ By definition, all divorces are of unhappy couples; meanwhile, those who do not divorce are some mix of happy couples and of unhappy ones who stayed married.", "Single parent __knowledge__ A single parent is a parent that parents alone without the other parent's support, meaning this particular parent is the only parent to the child, responsible for all financial, material, and emotional needs.", "Single parent __knowledge__ It means there is an absence of the other parent as opposed to a co-parent, meaning that the parent is not the only parent regardless of whether or not they are a couple.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Of course, this definition is loosely true.", "Single parent __knowledge__ There is no true definition of what \"single parent\" means and is more based on opinions.", "Single parent __knowledge__ Sometimes, one finds themselves in a single-parent family structure that has arisen due to death of the partner, intentional artificial insemination, or unplanned pregnancy.", "Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops __knowledge__ The Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, popularly referred to as the Synod on the Family, took place from 4 to 25 October 2015 with the theme of \"the vocation and mission of the family in the Church and in the contemporary world.\"", "Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops __knowledge__ It was \"reflect[ing] further on the points discussed\" at the 2014 Third Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops \"so as to formulate appropriate pastoral guidelines\" for the pastoral care of the person and the family.", "Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops __knowledge__ The 2014 assembly of the Synod, called to define the \"status quaestionis\" (current situation) and to collect the participants' experiences and proposals, can be understood as a preparation for the 2015 assembly, but they are meant to \"form a single organic unity.\"", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ The fathers' rights movement has evolved in many countries.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ This article provides details about the fathers' rights movement in specific countries.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ Fathers' rights groups began in Australia in the 1970s with the founding of organizations such as the Lone Fathers Association.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ Other well-known groups include Equality for Fathers, Dads Against Discrimination, Dads in Distress, Fathers Without Rights, The Men's Confraternity and the Shared Parenting Council.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ As with other fathers' rights activists, Australian organizations focus on issues of erosion of the family unit, custody, access, child support, domestic violence (including false allegations, and violence against men), child abuse, maintenance, the reintroduction of fault into divorce proceedings, biased and adversarial court systems and secrecy issues.", "Amoris laetitia __knowledge__ Amoris laetitia (English: \"The Joy of Love\") is a post-synodal apostolic exhortation by Pope Francis addressing the pastoral care of families.", "Amoris laetitia __knowledge__ Dated 19 March 2016, it was released on 8 April 2016.", "Amoris laetitia __knowledge__ It follows the Synods on the Family held in 2014 and 2015.", "Amoris laetitia __knowledge__ The exhortation covers a wide range of topics related to marriage and family life as well as the contemporary challenges faced by families throughout the world.", "Amoris laetitia __knowledge__ It encourages both pastors and members of the laity to accompany and care for families and others in situations of particular need.", "Amoris laetitia __knowledge__ \"Amoris laetitia\" also includes an extended reflection on the meaning of love in the day-to-day reality of family life.", "List of M jak miłość characters (Mostowiak family) __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the Polish soap opera \"M jak miłość\" from the Mostowiak family.", "List of M jak miłość characters (Mostowiak family) __knowledge__ Lucjan Mostowiak (Witold Pyrkosz) is Barbara's husband.", "List of M jak miłość characters (Mostowiak family) __knowledge__ He proposed to her in 1960, when she broke off her engagement to Zenon Łagoda (despite her pregnancy with his child).", "List of M jak miłość characters (Mostowiak family) __knowledge__ Lucjan and Barbara married, and he raised daughter Maria as his own.", "List of M jak miłość characters (Mostowiak family) __knowledge__ He has three more children: Marta (born in 1970), Marek (born in 1977) and Małgorzata (born in 1980).", "List of M jak miłość characters (Mostowiak family) __knowledge__ Lucjan was in a car accident where Hanna Walisiak's parents were killed, but Hanna became their daughter-in-law when she married Marek.", "List of M jak miłość characters (Mostowiak family) __knowledge__ In 2013 it was learned that he had a sister, Hanna Mostowiak, thought to be killed during World War II." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "Super Singer Junior (season 2) __knowledge__ The second season of Airtel Super Singer Junior - \"Thamizhagathin Chellakuralukkana Thedal (the search for the sweet voice of Tamil Nadu)\" premiered on 21 June 2009.", "Super Singer Junior (season 2) __knowledge__ The music competition reality TV show was again telecast on Vijay TV, and Bharti Airtel returned to sponsor the show.", "Super Singer Junior (season 2) __knowledge__ Episodes were telecast between Monday to Thursday each week at 9:00pm.", "Super Singer Junior (season 2) __knowledge__ Children from the age of 6 years to the age of 14 years were permitted to audition to showcase their talent on Vijay TV's platform.", "Super Singer Junior (season 2) __knowledge__ Apart from gaining recognition from acclaimed names of the music industry and being a child singing icon, the show initially promised that its winner would be honored with Rs.25 lakhs in cash prize money.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 was an adopted initiative constitutional amendment in the state of California on the November 5, 1996 statewide election ballot.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 revolutionized local and regional government finance in California.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Called the “Right to Vote on Taxes Act,” Proposition 218 was sponsored by the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association as a constitutional follow-up to the landmark property tax revolt initiative constitutional amendment, Proposition 13, approved by California voters on June 6, 1978.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 was drafted by constitutional attorneys Jonathan Coupal and Jack Cohen.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 amended the California Constitution by adding Article XIII C and Article XIII D. Article XIII C relates to voter approval requirements for local government taxes.", "Airtel Super Singer 3 __knowledge__ Airtel Super Singer 3 - \"Thamizhagathil Brahmaanda Kuralukkaana Thedal - Immurai Ulaga Alavil\", the third season of the \"Airtel Super Singer\" show, was a reality-based Indian singing competition in Tamil language that aired on Vijay TV.", "Airtel Super Singer 3 __knowledge__ It was designed to be a talent hunt to find the best voice of Tamil Nadu.", "Airtel Super Singer 3 __knowledge__ The show premiered on 12 July 2010, and episodes were telecast between Monday to Thursday each week at 9:00pm.", "Airtel Super Singer 3 __knowledge__ Persons above the age of 16 years were permitted to audition to showcase their talent on Vijay TV's platform.", "Airtel Super Singer 3 __knowledge__ The show was initially hosted by Divya Vijaygopal during the audition rounds.", "Identity document __knowledge__ An identity document (also called a piece of identification or ID, or colloquially as papers) is any document which may be used to prove a person's identity.", "Identity document __knowledge__ If issued in a small, standard credit card size form, it is usually called an identity card (IC, ID card, Citizen Card), or Passport Card.", "Identity document __knowledge__ Some countries issue formal identity documents, while others may require identity verification using informal documents.", "Identity document __knowledge__ When the identity document incorporates a person's photograph, it may be called photo ID.", "Identity document __knowledge__ In the absence of a formal identity document, a driver's license may be accepted in many countries for identity verification.", "Destination Imagination __knowledge__ Destination Imagination (DI) is a volunteer-led, educational non-profit organization that teaches 21st century skills and STEM principles to kindergarten through university level students through creative and collaborative problem solving challenges.", "Destination Imagination __knowledge__ Team members work together to develop a solution to one of 7 open-ended challenges and present their solutions at tournaments.", "Destination Imagination __knowledge__ Through the Challenge program, students learn and experience the creative process from imagination to innovation and learn skills needed to succeed in school, career and life, including teamwork, communication, project management, perseverance, creative and critical thinking, and self-confidence.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ Many countries have enacted electric bicycle laws to regulate the use of electric bicycles.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ Countries such as the United States and Canada have federal regulations governing the safety requirements and standards of manufacture.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ Other countries like the signatories of the European Union have agreed to wider-ranging legislation covering use and safety of their term EPAC (electric pedal-assisted cycles).", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ However, confusion remains regarding the various laws involving electric bicycles.", "Electric bicycle laws __knowledge__ This stems from the fact that while some countries have national regulations, the legality of road use is left to states and provinces, and then complicated further by municipal laws and restrictions.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes for the reality television series \"The Great Food Truck Race\" on Food Network.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ There are seven truck teams competing in the race for a grand prize of $50,000.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Each truck team consists of a driver and two crew members who must staff the truck and are responsible for cooking, shopping, orders and publicity.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Every week they start off with no food to make things fair for all the teams who must make do with whatever cash Tyler Florence provides (seed money) at the start of each episode, in each new city.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The trucks all convene in Los Angeles.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Austin Daily Press – This team from Austin, Texas serves hot, grilled sandwiches.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ Monogamy ( ) is a form of relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime or at any one time (serial monogamy), as compared to polygamy, polyandry, or polyamory.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ The term is also applied to the social behavior of some animals, referring to the state of having only one mate at any one time.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ The term monogamy is used to describe for different relationships.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ Biologists, biological anthropologists, and behavioral ecologists often use the term monogamy in the sense of sexual, if not genetic, monogamy.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ Modern biological researchers, using the theory of evolution, approach human monogamy as the same in human and non-human animal species.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ Monogamous pairing in animals refers to the natural history of mating systems in which species pair bond to raise offspring.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ This is associated, usually implicitly, with sexual monogamy.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ Monogamy is defined as a pair bond between those of the same species.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ This pair may cohabitate in an area or territory for some duration of time, and in some cases may copulate and reproduce with only each other.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ Monogamy can be partitioned into two categories, social monogamy and genetic monogamy which may occur together in some combination, or completely independently of one another.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ As an example the cichlid species \"Variabilichromis moorii\" the monogamous pair will care for eggs and young together, but the eggs may not all be fertilized by the male giving the care.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Social monogamy in mammalian species __knowledge__ Monogamous pairing refers to a general relationship between an adult male and an adult female for the purpose of sexual reproduction.", "Social monogamy in mammalian species __knowledge__ It is particularly common in birds, but there are examples of this occurrence in reptiles, invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and mammals.", "Social monogamy in mammalian species __knowledge__ Social monogamy in mammals is defined as a long term or sequential living arrangement between an adult male and an adult female (heterogeneous pair).", "Social monogamy in mammalian species __knowledge__ It should not be confused with genetic monogamy, which refers to two individuals who only reproduce with one another.", "Social monogamy in mammalian species __knowledge__ Social monogamy does not describe the sexual interactions or patterns of reproduction between monogamous pairs; rather it strictly refers to the patterns of their living conditions.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ Animal sexual behaviour takes many different forms, including within the same species.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ Common mating or reproductively motivated systems include monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, polygamy and promiscuity.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ Other sexual behaviour may be reproductively motivated (e.g.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ sex apparently due to duress or coercion and situational sexual behaviour) or non-reproductively motivated (e.g.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ interspecific sexuality, sexual arousal from objects or places, sex with dead animals, homosexual sexual behaviour, bisexual sexual behaviour).", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ When animal sexual behaviour is reproductively motivated, it is often termed \"mating\" or \"copulation\"; for most non-human mammals, mating and copulation occur at oestrus (the most fertile period in the mammalian female's reproductive cycle), which increases the chances of successful impregnation.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ Polygamy (from Late Greek , \"polygamía\", \"state of marriage to many spouses\") is the practice of marrying multiple spouses.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ When a man is married to more than one wife at a time, sociologists call this polygyny.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ When a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, it is called polyandry.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ If a marriage includes multiple husbands and wives, it can be called a group marriage.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ In contrast, monogamy is marriage consisting of only two parties.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ Like \"monogamy\", the term \"polygamy\" is often used in a \"de facto\" sense, applied regardless of whether the state recognises the relationship.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ In sociobiology and zoology, researchers use \"polygamy\" in a broad sense to mean any form of multiple mating.", "Christian von Ehrenfels __knowledge__ Christian von Ehrenfels (also \"Maria Christian Julius Leopold Freiherr von Ehrenfels\"; 20 June 1859 – 8 September 1932) was an Austrian philosopher, and is known as one of the founders and precursors of Gestalt psychology.", "Christian von Ehrenfels __knowledge__ Christian von Ehrenfels was born on June 20, 1859 in Rodaun near Vienna and grew up at his father's castle Brunn am Walde in Lower Austria.", "Christian von Ehrenfels __knowledge__ He joined secondary school in Krems and first studied at the Hochschule für Bodenkultur in Vienna and then changed to the Universität Wien.", "Christian von Ehrenfels __knowledge__ There he studied philosophy, was a pupil of Franz Brentano and Alexius Meinong, promoted under supervision of Meinong, following him after his move to the Karl-Franzens-Universität (Graz), in 1885 on the topic of \"Größenrelationen und Zahlen." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ Polygamy (from Late Greek , \"polygamía\", \"state of marriage to many spouses\") is the practice of marrying multiple spouses.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ When a man is married to more than one wife at a time, sociologists call this polygyny.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ When a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, it is called polyandry.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ If a marriage includes multiple husbands and wives, it can be called a group marriage.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ In contrast, monogamy is marriage consisting of only two parties.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ Like \"monogamy\", the term \"polygamy\" is often used in a \"de facto\" sense, applied regardless of whether the state recognises the relationship.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ In sociobiology and zoology, researchers use \"polygamy\" in a broad sense to mean any form of multiple mating.", "Islam and Mormonism __knowledge__ Mormonism and Islam have been compared to one another ever since the earliest origins of the former in the nineteenth century, often by detractors of one religion or the other—or both.", "Islam and Mormonism __knowledge__ For instance, Joseph Smith, the founding prophet of Mormonism, was referred to as \"the modern Mahomet\" by the \"New York Herald\", shortly after his murder in June 1844.", "Islam and Mormonism __knowledge__ This epithet repeated a comparison that had been made from Smith's earliest career, one that was not intended at the time to be complimentary.", "Islam and Mormonism __knowledge__ Comparison of the Mormon and Muslim prophets still occurs today, sometimes for derogatory or polemical reasons but also for more scholarly and neutral purposes.", "Polygyny __knowledge__ Polygyny (; from Neoclassical Greek πολυγυνία from - \"poly-\" \"many\", and \"gyne\" \"woman\" or \"wife\") is the most common and accepted form of polygamy, entailing the marriage of a man with several women.", "Polygyny __knowledge__ Most countries that permit polygamy are Muslim-majority countries in which polygyny is the only form permitted.", "Polygyny __knowledge__ Polyandry is illegal in virtually every state of the world.", "Polygyny __knowledge__ In some countries where polygamy is illegal, and sometimes even when legal, at times it is known for men to have one or more mistresses, whom they do not marry.", "Polygyny __knowledge__ The status of a mistress is not that of a wife, and any children born of such relationships were and some still are considered illegitimate and subject to legal disadvantage.", "Atatürk's Reforms __knowledge__ Atatürk's Reforms () were a series of political, legal, religious, cultural, social, and economic policy changes that were designed to convert the new Republic of Turkey into a secular, modern nation-state and implemented under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in accordance with Kemalist ideology.", "Atatürk's Reforms __knowledge__ Central to these reforms were the belief that Turkish society would have to Westernize itself both politically and culturally in order to modernize.", "Atatürk's Reforms __knowledge__ Political reforms involved a number of fundamental institutional changes that brought end of many traditions, and followed a carefully planned program to unravel the complex system that had developed over the centuries.", "Polygamy in North America __knowledge__ Polygamy is the practice of taking more than one spouse.", "Polygamy in North America __knowledge__ Polygyny is the specific practice of one man taking more than one wife: it is a common marriage pattern in some parts of the world.", "Polygamy in North America __knowledge__ In North America polygamy has not been a culturally normative or legally recognized institution since the continent's colonization by Europeans.", "Polygamy in North America __knowledge__ Polygamy became a significant social and political issue in the United States in 1852, when The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) made it known that a form of the practice, called plural marriage, was part of its doctrine.", "Polygamy in North America __knowledge__ Opposition to the practice by the United States government resulted in an intense legal conflict, and culminated in LDS Church president Wilford Woodruff announcing the church's official abandonment of the practice on September 25, 1890.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Mormonism and polygamy __knowledge__ Polygamy (most often polygyny, called plural marriage by Mormons in the 19th century or the Principle by modern fundamentalist practitioners of polygamy) was taught by leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) for more than half of the 19th century, and practiced publicly from 1852 to 1890 by between 20 and 30 percent of Latter-day Saint families.", "Mormonism and polygamy __knowledge__ The Latter-day Saints' practice of polygamy has been controversial, both within Western society and the LDS Church itself.", "Mormonism and polygamy __knowledge__ America was both fascinated and horrified by the practice of polygamy, with the Republican platform at one time referencing \"the twin relics of barbarism—polygamy and slavery.\"", "Hippie __knowledge__ A hippie (sometimes spelled hippy) is a member of a counterculture, originally a youth movement that began in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world.", "Hippie __knowledge__ The word \"hippie\" came from \"hipster\" and used to describe beatniks who moved into New York City's Greenwich Village and San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district.", "Hippie __knowledge__ The term \"hippie\" first found popularity in San Francisco by Herb Caen, a journalist for the \"San Francisco Chronicle\".", "Hippie __knowledge__ The origins of the terms \"hip\" and \"hep\" are uncertain.", "Hippie __knowledge__ By the 1940s, both had become part of African American jive slang and meant \"sophisticated; currently fashionable; fully up-to-date\".", "Monogamy __knowledge__ Monogamy ( ) is a form of relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime or at any one time (serial monogamy), as compared to polygamy, polyandry, or polyamory.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ The term is also applied to the social behavior of some animals, referring to the state of having only one mate at any one time.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ The term monogamy is used to describe for different relationships.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ Biologists, biological anthropologists, and behavioral ecologists often use the term monogamy in the sense of sexual, if not genetic, monogamy.", "Monogamy __knowledge__ Modern biological researchers, using the theory of evolution, approach human monogamy as the same in human and non-human animal species.", "Polyamory __knowledge__ Polyamory (from Greek ', \"many, several\", and Latin ', \"love\") is the practice of, or desire for, intimate relationships with more than one partner, with the knowledge of all partners.", "Polyamory __knowledge__ It has been described as \"consensual, ethical, and responsible non-monogamy\".", "Polyamory __knowledge__ People who identify as polyamorous reject the view that sexual and relational exclusivity are necessary for deep, committed, long-term loving relationships.", "Polyamory __knowledge__ Polyamorous arrangements are varied, reflecting the choices and philosophies of the individuals involved, but with recurring themes or values, such as love, intimacy, honesty, integrity, equality, communication, and commitment.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ Monogamous pairing in animals refers to the natural history of mating systems in which species pair bond to raise offspring.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ This is associated, usually implicitly, with sexual monogamy.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ Monogamy is defined as a pair bond between those of the same species.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ This pair may cohabitate in an area or territory for some duration of time, and in some cases may copulate and reproduce with only each other.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ Monogamy can be partitioned into two categories, social monogamy and genetic monogamy which may occur together in some combination, or completely independently of one another.", "Monogamy in animals __knowledge__ As an example the cichlid species \"Variabilichromis moorii\" the monogamous pair will care for eggs and young together, but the eggs may not all be fertilized by the male giving the care.", "History of the hippie movement __knowledge__ The hippie subculture began its development as a youth movement in San Francisco during the early 1960s and then developed around the world.", "History of the hippie movement __knowledge__ Its origins may be traced to European social movements in the 19th and early 20th century such as Bohemians, and the influence of Eastern religion and spirituality.", "History of the hippie movement __knowledge__ From around 1967, its fundamental ethos — including harmony with nature, communal living, artistic experimentation particularly in music, and the widespread use of recreational drugs — spread around the world during the counterculture of the 1960s, which has become closely associated with the subculture." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "Alan Gross __knowledge__ Alan Phillip Gross (born May 2, 1949) is a United States government contractor employed by United States Agency for International Development (USAID).", "Alan Gross __knowledge__ In December 2009 he was arrested in Cuba while working on a program funded under the 1996 Helms-Burton Act.", "Alan Gross __knowledge__ He was prosecuted in 2011 after being accused of crimes against the Cuban state for bringing satellite and computer equipment to members of Cuba’s Jewish community without the permit required under Cuban law.", "Alan Gross __knowledge__ After being accused of working for American intelligence services in January 2010, he was convicted for “acts against the independence or the territorial integrity of the state\" in March 2011.", "Greg Gross __knowledge__ Gregory Eugene Gross (born August 1, 1952), is a former professional baseball player who played in the Major Leagues from 1973–1989 for the Chicago Cubs, Houston Astros, and Philadelphia Phillies.", "Greg Gross __knowledge__ He was also the hitting coach of the Phillies and is now a coach for the Reno Aces, the Class AAA affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks.", "Greg Gross __knowledge__ Gross was best known for his clutch pinch hits as a Phillie, and holds the Phillies career record in pinch hits with 117.", "Greg Gross __knowledge__ He also ranks fifth on Major League Baseball's all-time list in career pinch hits with 143.", "Greg Gross __knowledge__ Born in York, Pennsylvania, Gross graduated from Red Land High School in Lewisberry.", "Chaim Gross __knowledge__ Chaim Gross (March 17, 1904 – May 5, 1991) was an American sculptor and educator.", "Chaim Gross __knowledge__ Gross was born to a Jewish family in Austrian Galicia, in the village of Wolowa (now known as Mezhgorye, Ukraine), in the Carpathian Mountains.", "Chaim Gross __knowledge__ In 1911, his family moved to Kolomyia (which was annexed into the Ukrainian SSR in 1939 and became part of newly independent Ukraine in 1991).", "Chaim Gross __knowledge__ During World War I, Russian forces invaded Austria-Hungary; amidst the turmoil, the Grosses fled Kolomyia.", "Chaim Gross __knowledge__ They returned when Austria retook the town in 1915, refugees of the war.", "Chaim Gross __knowledge__ When World War I ended, Gross and brother Avrom-Leib went to Budapest to join their older siblings Sarah and Pinkas.", "Samuel D. Gross __knowledge__ Samuel David Gross (July 8, 1805 – May 6, 1884) was an American academic trauma surgeon.", "Samuel D. Gross __knowledge__ Surgeon biographer Isaac Minis Hays called Gross \"The Nestor of American Surgery.\"", "Samuel D. Gross __knowledge__ He is immortalized in Thomas Eakins' \"The Gross Clinic\" (1875), a prominent American painting of the nineteenth century.", "Samuel D. Gross __knowledge__ A bronze statue of him was cast by Alexander Stirling Calder and erected on the National Mall, but moved in 1970 to Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia.", "Samuel D. Gross __knowledge__ Born on a farm near Easton, Pennsylvania, Gross developed an interest in plants, trees, and flowers.", "Samuel D. Gross __knowledge__ He grew up speaking Pennsylvania Dutch, a dialect of German, and supposedly resolved to be a doctor when he was only five years old.", "Economy of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The economy of the United Kingdom is highly developed and market-oriented.", "Economy of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ It is the fifth-largest national economy in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), ninth-largest measured by purchasing power parity (PPP), and nineteenth-largest measured by GDP per capita, comprising 3.9% of world GDP.", "Economy of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ It is the second-largest economy in the European Union by both metrics.", "Economy of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In 2016, the UK was the tenth-largest goods exporter in the world and the fifth-largest goods importer.", "Economy of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ It also had the second-largest inward foreign direct investment, and the third-largest outward foreign direct investment.", "Bangalore University Task Force __knowledge__ Bangalore University Task Force on Teacher Education (simply known as BU Task Force) is a high-power committee constituted in May 2012 to inspect the quality and functioning of teacher education colleges under Bangalore University.", "Bangalore University Task Force __knowledge__ The Task Force, chaired by the University's Academic Council member Mr. H. Karan Kumar, submitted an interim report on the quality & functioning of 7 M.Ed.", "Bangalore University Task Force __knowledge__ Colleges during August 2012, which was unanimously accepted by the Academic Council in its meeting held on 29 August 2012.", "Bangalore University Task Force __knowledge__ The Task Force recommended that the admission of students to all the 7 M.Ed.", "Bangalore University Task Force __knowledge__ colleges be suspended for the academic year 2012 - 13.", "Marty Gross __knowledge__ Marty Gross is a consulting producer for companies based in North America, Europe and Asia, with focus on Japanese art, film, theatre and crafts.", "Marty Gross __knowledge__ His company, Marty Gross Film Productions, Inc. (founded in 1975), manages one of the most comprehensive websites devoted to films on Japanese cultural and historical subjects.", "Marty Gross __knowledge__ Since 1974, he has produced and directed films (including \"As We Are\", \"Potters at Work\", \"The Lovers’ Exile\"), restored archival films on Japanese arts and crafts (such as \"The Leach Pottery\", \"Maskiko Village Pottery, Japan 1937\"), conducted numerous interviews, produced documentaries and coordinated publication of books on the history of Japanese cinema.", "Polygynandry __knowledge__ Polygynandry is a mating system in which both males and females have multiple mating partners during a breeding season.", "Polygynandry __knowledge__ In sexually reproducing diploid animals, different mating strategies are employed by males and females because the cost of gamete production is lower for males than it is for females.", "Polygynandry __knowledge__ The different mating tactics employed by males and females are thought to be the outcome of stochastic reproductive conflicts both ecologically and socially.", "Polygynandry __knowledge__ Reproductive conflicts in animal societies may arise because individuals are not genetically identical and they have different optimal strategies for maximizing their fitness; and often times it is found that reproductive conflicts generally arise due to dominance hierarchy in which all or a major part of reproduction is monopolized by only one individual (wasp).", "Polygamy __knowledge__ Polygamy (from Late Greek , \"polygamía\", \"state of marriage to many spouses\") is the practice of marrying multiple spouses.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ When a man is married to more than one wife at a time, sociologists call this polygyny.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ When a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, it is called polyandry.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ If a marriage includes multiple husbands and wives, it can be called a group marriage.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ In contrast, monogamy is marriage consisting of only two parties.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ Like \"monogamy\", the term \"polygamy\" is often used in a \"de facto\" sense, applied regardless of whether the state recognises the relationship.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ In sociobiology and zoology, researchers use \"polygamy\" in a broad sense to mean any form of multiple mating.", "Red flour beetle __knowledge__ The red flour beetle (\"Tribolium castaneum\") is a species of beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, the darkling beetles.", "Red flour beetle __knowledge__ It is a worldwide pest of stored products, particularly food grains, and a model organism for ethological and food safety research.", "Red flour beetle __knowledge__ The red flour beetle attacks stored grain and other food products including flour, cereals, pasta, biscuits, beans, and nuts, causing loss and damage.", "Red flour beetle __knowledge__ It has been found that some \"Tribolium\" species may spread the parasite \"Hymenolepis nana\", a human platyhelmint parasite, as an intermediate host (just as many species of Tenebrio's family).", "Red flour beetle __knowledge__ It may cause an allergic response, as well, but is not known to cause damage to structures or furniture.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Behavioral ecology, also spelled behavioural ecology, is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behaviors that are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ If an organism has a trait that provides a selective advantage (i.e., has adaptive significance) in its environment, then natural selection favors it.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Adaptive significance refers to the expression of a trait that affects fitness, measured by an individual's reproductive success.", "Polyandry in nature __knowledge__ In behavioral ecology, polyandry is a class of mating system where one female mates with several males in a breeding season.", "Polyandry in nature __knowledge__ Polyandry is often compared to the polygyny system based on the cost and benefits incurred by members of each sex.", "Polyandry in nature __knowledge__ Polygyny is where one male mates with several females in a breeding season (e.g., lions, deer, some primates, and many systems where there is an alpha male).", "Polyandry in nature __knowledge__ A common example of polyandrous mating can be found in the field cricket (\"Gryllus bimaculatus\") of the invertebrate order Orthoptera (containing crickets, grasshoppers, and groundhoppers).", "Polyandry in nature __knowledge__ Polyandrous behavior is also prominent in many other insect species, including the red flour beetle and the species of spider \"Stegodyphus lineatus\".", "Guppy __knowledge__ The guppy (), also known as millionfish and rainbow fish, is one of the world's most widely distributed tropical fish, and one of the most popular freshwater aquarium fish species.", "Guppy __knowledge__ It is a member of the family Poeciliidae and, like almost all American members of the family, is live-bearing.", "Guppy __knowledge__ Guppies, whose natural range is in northeast South America, were introduced to many habitats and are now found all over the world.", "Guppy __knowledge__ They are highly adaptable and thrive in many different environmental and ecological conditions.", "Guppy __knowledge__ Male guppies, which are smaller than females, have ornamental caudal and dorsal fins, while females are duller in colour.", "Utetheisa ornatrix __knowledge__ The bella moth, ornate moth or rattlebox moth is a moth of the Arctiidae family.", "Utetheisa ornatrix __knowledge__ It is aposematically colored ranging from pink, red, orange and yellow to white coloration with black markings arranged in varying patterns on its wings.", "Utetheisa ornatrix __knowledge__ It has a wingspan of 33–46 mm.", "Utetheisa ornatrix __knowledge__ Moths reside in temperate midwestern and eastern North America as well as throughout Mexico and other parts of Central America.", "Utetheisa ornatrix __knowledge__ Unlike most moths, the bella moth is diurnal.", "Utetheisa ornatrix __knowledge__ Formerly, the bella moth or beautiful utetheisa of temperate eastern North America was separated as Utetheisa bella.", "Utetheisa ornatrix __knowledge__ Now it is united with the bella moth in Utetheisa ornatrix." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "Hope Diamond __knowledge__ The Hope Diamond is one of the most famous jewels in the world, with ownership records dating back almost four centuries.", "Hope Diamond __knowledge__ Its much-admired rare blue color is due to trace amounts of boron atoms.", "Hope Diamond __knowledge__ Weighing 45.52 carats, its exceptional size has revealed new findings about the formation of gemstones.", "Hope Diamond __knowledge__ The jewel is believed to have originated in India, where the original (larger) stone was purchased in 1666 by French gem merchant Jean-Baptiste Tavernier as the Tavernier Blue.", "Hope Diamond __knowledge__ The Tavernier Blue was cut and yielded the French Blue (Le bleu de France), which Tavernier sold to King Louis XIV in 1668.", "Hope Diamond __knowledge__ Stolen in 1791, it was recut, with the largest section acquiring its \"Hope\" name when it appeared in the catalogue of a gem collection owned by a London banking family called Hope in 1839.", "Bob Hope __knowledge__ Leslie Townes \"Bob\" Hope, KBE, KC*SG, KSS (May 29, 1903 – July 27, 2003) was an American comedian, vaudevillian, actor, singer, dancer, athlete and author.", "Bob Hope __knowledge__ With a career that spanned nearly 80 years, Hope appeared in more than 70 short and feature films, including a series of \"Road\" movies.", "Bob Hope __knowledge__ In addition to hosting the Academy Awards show nineteen times, more than any other host, he appeared in many stage productions and television roles, and was the author of 14 books.", "Bob Hope __knowledge__ The song \"Thanks for the Memory\" is widely regarded as his signature tune.", "Bob Hope __knowledge__ Hope was born in Eltham, County of London, arrived in America with his family at the age of four, and grew up in the Cleveland, Ohio, area.", "Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops __knowledge__ The Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, popularly referred to as the Synod on the Family, took place from 4 to 25 October 2015 with the theme of \"the vocation and mission of the family in the Church and in the contemporary world.\"", "Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops __knowledge__ It was \"reflect[ing] further on the points discussed\" at the 2014 Third Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops \"so as to formulate appropriate pastoral guidelines\" for the pastoral care of the person and the family.", "Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops __knowledge__ The 2014 assembly of the Synod, called to define the \"status quaestionis\" (current situation) and to collect the participants' experiences and proposals, can be understood as a preparation for the 2015 assembly, but they are meant to \"form a single organic unity.\"", "Guiding Light (1970–79) __knowledge__ The Guiding Light (TGL) (known since 1975 as Guiding Light) was a long-running American television soap opera.", "Guiding Light (1970–79) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, unlike in the 1960s after Agnes Nixon left to begin writing for \"Another World\" in 1966, there was less of a revolving doors of head writers and story line seemed to stabilize in only two directions, first what was aired from January 1, 1970 to near the end of October 1975 and then what was aired from near the beginning of November 1975 to the end of the decade on December 31, 1979.", "Guiding Light (1970–79) __knowledge__ The first half of the decade was mainly dominated by the story lines that were written by the head writing married couple of Robert Soderberg and Edith Sommer who wrote for the show from near the end of 1969 to the spring of 1973 and were long time and reliable soap scribes.", "Hope Logan __knowledge__ Hope Logan is a fictional character from \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", an American soap opera on the CBS network.", "Hope Logan __knowledge__ The character was portrayed by several child actors and actresses since Hope's birth in 2002, most notably Rachel and Amanda Pace.", "Hope Logan __knowledge__ In 2010, the role was rapidly aged and recast with actress Kim Matula, who made her first appearance in January 2010.", "Hope Logan __knowledge__ Matula departed the serial as a series regular in December 2014; she made several guest appearances in 2015 and 2016.", "Hope Logan __knowledge__ As of 2018, the role is portrayed by actress Annika Noelle.", "Hope Logan __knowledge__ Introduced in 2002, Hope is the result of an affair between Brooke Logan and Deacon Sharpe, Brooke's ex-son-in-law.", "Hope Summers (comics) __knowledge__ Hope Summers is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Hope Summers (comics) __knowledge__ The superheroine first appeared in \"X-Men\" #205 in 2007 (Chapter five of the \"\" storyline).", "Hope Summers (comics) __knowledge__ She is the first mutant born after the events of the \"House of M\" and \"Decimation\" storyline.", "Hope Summers (comics) __knowledge__ Hope is the first mutant to be born after the Decimation, an event in which the Scarlet Witch uses her reality-altering superpower to turn all but 198 of the world's mutants into regular, depowered humans.", "Hope Summers (comics) __knowledge__ The moment Hope is born, the mutant-locating computer Cerebro explodes, and soon afterwards the hunt for her begins.", "Hope Wilson __knowledge__ Hope Wilson is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\", portrayed by Signy Coleman.", "Hope Wilson __knowledge__ The character was introduced as a love interest for Victor Newman (Eric Braeden) in 1993.", "Hope Wilson __knowledge__ After her departure in 1997, Coleman reprised the role in 2000 and 2002.", "Hope Wilson __knowledge__ The role was then briefly portrayed by Beth Toussaint in 2006.", "Hope Wilson __knowledge__ In 2008, the character died onscreen, though Coleman continued to reprise the role as a vision had by other characters in 2010 and 2012.", "Hope Wilson __knowledge__ In 1993, business tycoon Victor Newman (Eric Braeden) left his life in Genoa City behind, and he was presumed dead.", "Hope Wilson __knowledge__ He turned up in Kansas just in time to save a blind Hope Adams from a rapist.", "Polygynandry __knowledge__ Polygynandry is a mating system in which both males and females have multiple mating partners during a breeding season.", "Polygynandry __knowledge__ In sexually reproducing diploid animals, different mating strategies are employed by males and females because the cost of gamete production is lower for males than it is for females.", "Polygynandry __knowledge__ The different mating tactics employed by males and females are thought to be the outcome of stochastic reproductive conflicts both ecologically and socially.", "Polygynandry __knowledge__ Reproductive conflicts in animal societies may arise because individuals are not genetically identical and they have different optimal strategies for maximizing their fitness; and often times it is found that reproductive conflicts generally arise due to dominance hierarchy in which all or a major part of reproduction is monopolized by only one individual (wasp).", "Polyandry in nature __knowledge__ In behavioral ecology, polyandry is a class of mating system where one female mates with several males in a breeding season.", "Polyandry in nature __knowledge__ Polyandry is often compared to the polygyny system based on the cost and benefits incurred by members of each sex.", "Polyandry in nature __knowledge__ Polygyny is where one male mates with several females in a breeding season (e.g., lions, deer, some primates, and many systems where there is an alpha male).", "Polyandry in nature __knowledge__ A common example of polyandrous mating can be found in the field cricket (\"Gryllus bimaculatus\") of the invertebrate order Orthoptera (containing crickets, grasshoppers, and groundhoppers).", "Polyandry in nature __knowledge__ Polyandrous behavior is also prominent in many other insect species, including the red flour beetle and the species of spider \"Stegodyphus lineatus\".", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Behavioral ecology, also spelled behavioural ecology, is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behaviors that are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ If an organism has a trait that provides a selective advantage (i.e., has adaptive significance) in its environment, then natural selection favors it.", "Behavioral ecology __knowledge__ Adaptive significance refers to the expression of a trait that affects fitness, measured by an individual's reproductive success.", "Sperm competition __knowledge__ Sperm competition is the competitive process between spermatozoa of two or more different males to fertilize the same egg during sexual reproduction.", "Sperm competition __knowledge__ Competition can occur when females have multiple potential mating partners.", "Sperm competition __knowledge__ Greater choice and variety of mates increases a female's chance to produce more viable offspring.", "Sperm competition __knowledge__ However, multiple mates for a female means an individual male has decreased chances of producing offspring.", "Sperm competition __knowledge__ Sperm competition is an evolutionary pressure on males, and has led to the development of adaptations to increase males' chance of reproductive success.", "Sperm competition __knowledge__ Sperm competition results in a sexual conflict of interest between males and females.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ Animal sexual behaviour takes many different forms, including within the same species.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ Common mating or reproductively motivated systems include monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, polygamy and promiscuity.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ Other sexual behaviour may be reproductively motivated (e.g.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ sex apparently due to duress or coercion and situational sexual behaviour) or non-reproductively motivated (e.g.", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ interspecific sexuality, sexual arousal from objects or places, sex with dead animals, homosexual sexual behaviour, bisexual sexual behaviour).", "Animal sexual behaviour __knowledge__ When animal sexual behaviour is reproductively motivated, it is often termed \"mating\" or \"copulation\"; for most non-human mammals, mating and copulation occur at oestrus (the most fertile period in the mammalian female's reproductive cycle), which increases the chances of successful impregnation.", "Marmosops __knowledge__ Marmosops is a genus of Neotropic opossums of the family Didelphidae.", "Marmosops __knowledge__ It includes the following species: The genus known as \"Marmosops\" was originally treated as a subgenus from the genus \"Marmosa\" rather than having their own classification.", "Marmosops __knowledge__ This was changed in 1989 by Gardner and Crieghton, who officially separated the group and made them their own genus.", "Marmosops __knowledge__ The mix-up between to genera \"Marmosa\" and \"Marmosops\" was common due to the similar appearances including size and other external features.", "Marmosops __knowledge__ However, the two groups differ significantly in their integument and in the arrangement of their skull and dentition.", "Rodent __knowledge__ Rodents (from Latin \"rodere\", \"to gnaw\") are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws.", "Rodent __knowledge__ About 40% of all mammal species are rodents; they are found in vast numbers on all continents except Antarctica.", "Rodent __knowledge__ They are the most diversified mammalian order and live in a variety of terrestrial habitats, including human-made environments.", "Rodent __knowledge__ Species can be arboreal, fossorial (burrowing), or semiaquatic.", "Rodent __knowledge__ Well-known rodents include mice, rats, squirrels, prairie dogs, porcupines, beavers, guinea pigs, hamsters, gerbils and capybaras." ] ]

[ 3, 40, 12, 40, 1 ]

[ "Probably because monogamy is required by law.", "Monogamy ( ) is a form of relationship which required by law most places around the world. Plus who has time to be with more then one person. Hippies. ", "Yes, polygamy or multiple mating is illegal and gross. ", "No, it's a fact. We are not animals that need multiple mating partners during a breeding season.", " I won't we have been together 37 years we wont. We don't believe in the termination of a marriage or marital union." ]

[ "Divorce", "Divorce", "Divorce", "Divorce", "Divorce" ]

[ "Game of Thrones\nGame of Thrones is one of my favorite shows. How about you?", "I like Danyraes. She is tremendous, and she really reflects how Martin writes about her. Who is your favorite?", "Tyrion is great too. Do you know much about the making of the show?", "That's cool. I think they've also filmed in Iceland, right?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ \"Game of Thrones\" is an American fantasy drama television series created for HBO by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The story takes place on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, it has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc follows a dynastic conflict among competing claimants for succession to the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms, with other noble families fighting for independence from the throne.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second covers attempts to reclaim the throne by the exiled last scion of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty; the third chronicles the threat of the impending winter and the legendary creatures and fierce peoples of the North.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The following is a list of works based on \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", the series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin wrote three separate novellas set ninety years before the events of the novels.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ These novellas are known as the \"Tales of Dunk and Egg\" after the main protagonists, Ser Duncan the Tall and his squire \"Egg\", the later King Aegon V Targaryen.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The stories have no direct connection to the plot of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", although both characters are mentioned in \"A Storm of Swords\" and \"A Feast For Crows\", respectively.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The novellas were published in short story anthologies: The unfinished series of novellas is to continue to be published in a series of collections entitled \"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\".", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots is the official expansion pack to the real-time strategy video game \"Rise of Nations\".", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ The game is the second in a series of \"Rise of Nations\" games by Big Huge Games.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ \"Thrones and Patriots\" had its premiere release for Microsoft Windows on April 27, 2004 in North America.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ It was ported to and released for Mac OS X in November 2004.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ \"Rise of Nations: Extended Edition\" was released on Steam on June 12, 2014 and includes both the original game and \"Thrones and Patriots\" with updated graphics and Steamworks integration for multiplayer.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ \"Thrones and Patriots\" expanded on a variety of features in the original game, such as new monuments (called \"Wonders\"), nations, governments, and campaigns.", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Tyrion Lannister (also referred to as \"the Imp\" or \"the Halfman\") is a fictional character in \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\".", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Based on an idea that came to Martin while writing the 1981 novel \"Windhaven\", Tyrion has been called one of the author's finest creations and most popular characters by \"The New York Times\".", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Martin has named the character as his favorite in the series.", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Introduced in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), Tyrion is a dwarf and member of House Lannister, one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of Westeros." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "The Sun Also Rises __knowledge__ The Sun Also Rises is a 1926 novel written by American author Ernest Hemingway about a group of American and British expatriates who travel from Paris to the Festival of San Fermín in Pamplona to watch the running of the bulls and the bullfights.", "The Sun Also Rises __knowledge__ An early and enduring modernist novel, it received mixed reviews upon publication.", "The Sun Also Rises __knowledge__ Hemingway biographer Jeffrey Meyers writes that it is \"recognized as Hemingway's greatest work\", and Hemingway scholar Linda Wagner-Martin calls it his most important novel.", "The Sun Also Rises __knowledge__ The novel was published in the United States in October 1926 by the publishing house Scribner's.", "The Sun Also Rises __knowledge__ A year later, the London publishing house Jonathan Cape published the novel with the title of Fiesta.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" is an ongoing series of epic fantasy novels by American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The first installment of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", which was originally planned as a trilogy, was published in 1996.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The series now consists of five published volumes, and two more volumes are planned.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The series is told in the third-person through the eyes of a number of point of view characters.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A television series adaptation, \"Game of Thrones\", premiered on HBO in 2011.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place in a fictional world, primarily on a continent called Westeros, and additionally on a large landmass to the east, known as Essos.", "Sexual harassment in education in the United States __knowledge__ Sexual harassment in education in the United States is an unwelcome behavior of a sexual nature that interferes with an American student’s ability to learn, study, work or participate in school activities.", "Sexual harassment in education in the United States __knowledge__ It is common in middle and high schools in the United States.", "Sexual harassment in education in the United States __knowledge__ Sexual or gender harassment is a form of discrimination under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.", "Sexual harassment in education in the United States __knowledge__ Sexual harassment involves a range of behavior from mild annoyances to unwanted touching and in extreme cases sexual assault and rape.", "Sexual harassment in education in the United States __knowledge__ The definition of sexual harassment includes harassment by both peers and individuals in a position of power relative to the person being harassed.", "Kathrine Taylor __knowledge__ Kathrine Kressmann Taylor or Kressmann Taylor (born 1903 in Portland, Oregon – July 1996) was an American author, known mostly for her \"Address Unknown\" (1938), a short story written as a series of letters between a Jewish art dealer, living in San Francisco, and his business partner, who had returned to Germany in 1932.", "Kathrine Taylor __knowledge__ It is credited with exposing, early on, the dangers of Nazism to the American public.", "Kathrine Taylor __knowledge__ Kathrine Kressmann moved to San Francisco after graduating from the University of Oregon in 1924 and worked as an advertising copywriter.", "Kathrine Taylor __knowledge__ In 1928, Kressmann married Elliott Taylor, who owned an advertising agency.", "Coprinopsis acuminata __knowledge__ Coprinopsis acuminata, commonly known as the humpback inkcap mushroom and earlier as \"Coprinus acuminatus\", is a coprophilous fungus that grows on herbivore dung.", "Coprinopsis acuminata __knowledge__ It is heterothallic.", "Coprinopsis acuminata __knowledge__ \"Coprinopsis acuminata\" was published in Redhead, S.A.; Vilgalys, R.; Moncalvo, J.-M.; Johnson, J.; Hopple, J.S.", "Coprinopsis acuminata __knowledge__ Jr. 2001.", "Coprinopsis acuminata __knowledge__ Coprinus Persoon and the disposition of Coprinus species sensu lato.", "Coprinopsis acuminata __knowledge__ Taxon.", "Coprinopsis acuminata __knowledge__ 50(1):203-241.", "Coprinopsis acuminata __knowledge__ Earlier, as \"Coprinus acuminatus\", it was published in Coprinus acuminatus (Romagn.)", "Coprinopsis acuminata __knowledge__ P.D.", "Coprinopsis acuminata __knowledge__ Orton, Notes from the Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh 29 (1): 86 (1969) Mycobank # 474162.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Illmatic is the debut studio album by American rapper Nas.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ It was released on April 19, 1994, by Columbia Records.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ After signing with the label with the help of MC Serch, Nas recorded the album in 1992 and 1993 at Chung King Studios, D&D Recording, Battery Studios, and Unique Recording Studios in New York City.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Its production was handled by DJ Premier, Large Professor, Pete Rock, Q-Tip, L.E.S.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ and Nas himself.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Styled as a hardcore hip hop album, \"Illmatic\" features multi-syllabic internal rhymes and inner-city narratives based on Nas's experiences in Queensbridge, New York.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ The album debuted at number 12 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling 60,000 copies in its first week.", "Cyril of Jerusalem __knowledge__ Cyril of Jerusalem (; ) was a distinguished theologian of the early Church ( 313 386 AD).", "Cyril of Jerusalem __knowledge__ He is venerated as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Church and the Anglican Communion.", "Cyril of Jerusalem __knowledge__ In 1883, Cyril was declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Leo XIII.", "Cyril of Jerusalem __knowledge__ He is highly respected in the Palestinian Christian Community.", "Cyril of Jerusalem __knowledge__ About the end of 350 AD he succeeded Maximus as Bishop of Jerusalem, but was exiled on more than one occasion due to the enmity of Acacius of Caesarea, and the policies of various emperors.", "Cyril of Jerusalem __knowledge__ Cyril left important writings documenting the instruction of catechumens and the order of the Liturgy in his day.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on April 17, 2011, at 9.00 pm in the U.S., and concluded on June 19, 2011.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ It consists of ten episodes, each of approximately 55 minutes.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ The series is based on \"A Game of Thrones\", the first novel in the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series by George R. R. Martin, adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ HBO had ordered a television pilot in November 2008; filming began the following year.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ However, it was deemed unsatisfactory and later reshot with some roles being recast.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ In March 2010, HBO ordered the first season, which began filming in July 2010, primarily in Belfast, Northern Ireland, with additional filming in Malta.", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Tyrion Lannister (also referred to as \"the Imp\" or \"the Halfman\") is a fictional character in \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\".", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Based on an idea that came to Martin while writing the 1981 novel \"Windhaven\", Tyrion has been called one of the author's finest creations and most popular characters by \"The New York Times\".", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Martin has named the character as his favorite in the series.", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Introduced in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), Tyrion is a dwarf and member of House Lannister, one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of Westeros.", "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ \"The Winds of Winter\" is the tenth and final episode of the sixth season of HBO's fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\", and the sixtieth overall.", "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Miguel Sapochnik.", "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ Cersei Lannister plots to destroy all her immediate enemies with one swift stroke; Arya Stark gets revenge; Jon Snow is declared King in the North by the lords of the Northern houses; Bran Stark learns that Jon is actually the son of Lyanna Stark; Samwell Tarly arrives at the Citadel; and Daenerys Targaryen begins heading to Westeros alongside Tyrion Lannister, her entire army, the Ironborn loyal to Yara Greyjoy, the Tyrells, the Sand Snakes, and her three dragons.", "The Door (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ \"The Door\" is the fifth episode of the sixth season of HBO's fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\", and the 55th overall.", "The Door (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ The episode was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Jack Bender.", "The Door (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ Bran Stark learns the origin of the White Walkers, Jon Snow plans to unite the north against the Boltons, Euron Greyjoy reveals his return to the Iron Islands at the Kingsmoot, Tyrion Lannister meets with the Red Priestess Kinvara, and Daenerys Targaryen sees the depths of Jorah Mormont's devotion to her.", "The Door (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ \"The Door\" received universal acclaim from critics, who found the episode to be emotional with effective action sequences involving the White Walkers and Hodor, in addition to providing \"important answers on the show's mythos.\"", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ \"Winter Is Coming\" is the first episode of the HBO medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\".", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ It was written by the show creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, in a faithful adaptation of the first chapters of George R. R. Martin's book \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ The episode was directed by Tim Van Patten, redoing the work done by director Tom McCarthy in an unaired pilot.", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ As the first episode of the series, it introduces the setting and the main characters of the show.", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ The episode centers on the Stark family, and how its lord, Eddard Stark, gets involved in the court politics after the king chooses Eddard to replace his recently deceased chief administrator (\"Hand of the King\").", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The following is a list of works based on \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", the series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin wrote three separate novellas set ninety years before the events of the novels.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ These novellas are known as the \"Tales of Dunk and Egg\" after the main protagonists, Ser Duncan the Tall and his squire \"Egg\", the later King Aegon V Targaryen.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The stories have no direct connection to the plot of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", although both characters are mentioned in \"A Storm of Swords\" and \"A Feast For Crows\", respectively.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The novellas were published in short story anthologies: The unfinished series of novellas is to continue to be published in a series of collections entitled \"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ The characters from the American medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\" are based on their respective counterparts from author George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of novels.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ Set in a fictional universe that has been referred to so far as \"The Known World,\" the series follows a civil war for the Iron Throne of the continent of Westeros, fought between the rival royal and noble families and their respective supporters.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ The following cast members have been credited as main cast in the opening credits: Additionally the following cast members have appeared in 10 or more episodes of the show while maintaining a 'recurring' status: Ned Stark (season 1, 6-7) portrayed by Sean Bean in season 1 as an adult, and by Sebastian Croft in season 6 as a child, and Robert Aramayo in season 6 and 7 as a young adult.", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Tyrion Lannister (also referred to as \"the Imp\" or \"the Halfman\") is a fictional character in \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\".", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Based on an idea that came to Martin while writing the 1981 novel \"Windhaven\", Tyrion has been called one of the author's finest creations and most popular characters by \"The New York Times\".", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Martin has named the character as his favorite in the series.", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Introduced in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), Tyrion is a dwarf and member of House Lannister, one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of Westeros.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ She is a prominent character in Martin's award-winning \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ Introduced in 1996's \"A Game of Thrones\", Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ She subsequently appeared in the following three novels, \"A Clash of Kings\" (1998), \"A Storm of Swords\" (2000) and \"A Feast for Crows\" (2005).", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ While absent from the fifth novel \"A Dance with Dragons\" as the books are separated geographically, Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "Jaime Lannister __knowledge__ Jaime Lannister is a fictional character in the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\".", "Jaime Lannister __knowledge__ He becomes a prominent point of view character in the novels beginning in \"A Storm of Swords\" (2000).", "Jaime Lannister __knowledge__ Introduced in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), Jaime is a knight of the Kingsguard and a member of House Lannister, one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of Westeros.", "Jaime Lannister __knowledge__ Although he first appears to be unscrupulous and amoral, he later proves to be far more complex, honorable and sympathetic.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "Varys __knowledge__ Varys is a fictional character in the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\".", "Varys __knowledge__ Introduced in 1996's \"A Game of Thrones\", Varys is from the fictional city of Lys.", "Varys __knowledge__ He subsequently appeared in Martin's \"A Clash of Kings\" (1998), \"A Storm of Swords\" (2000) and \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "Varys __knowledge__ Varys is portrayed by Conleth Hill in the HBO television adaptation.", "Varys __knowledge__ Varys, also called the Spider, is a eunuch and courtier who serves as Master of Whisperers, the spymaster for the king of the Seven Kingdoms at the royal court in King's Landing.", "Cersei Lannister __knowledge__ Cersei Lannister is a fictional character in the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\", where she is portrayed by Lena Headey.", "Cersei Lannister __knowledge__ In the novels, she is a point of view character.", "Cersei Lannister __knowledge__ Introduced in 1996's \"A Game of Thrones\", Cersei is a member of House Lannister, one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the kingdom of Westeros.", "Cersei Lannister __knowledge__ She subsequently appeared in \"A Clash of Kings\" (1998) and \"A Storm of Swords\" (2000).", "Cersei Lannister __knowledge__ She becomes a prominent point of view character in the novels beginning in \"A Feast for Crows\" (2005) and \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "Bronn (character) __knowledge__ Bronn is a fictional character in the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\".", "Bronn (character) __knowledge__ Introduced in 1996's \"A Game of Thrones\", Bronn is a low-born sellsword of great skill and cunning from the kingdom of Westeros.", "Bronn (character) __knowledge__ He subsequently appeared in Martin's \"A Clash of Kings\" (1998) and \"A Storm of Swords\" (2000).", "Bronn (character) __knowledge__ Bronn is portrayed by Jerome Flynn in the HBO television adaptation.", "Bronn (character) __knowledge__ Bronn is sarcastic, with a black sense of humor, and a pragmatic, amoral philosophy for life.", "Bronn (character) __knowledge__ However, he is not completely heartless, nor is he sadistic.", "Tywin Lannister __knowledge__ Tywin Lannister is a fictional character in the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\".", "Tywin Lannister __knowledge__ Introduced in 1996's \"A Game of Thrones\", Tywin Lannister is the eldest son of Tytos Lannister.", "Tywin Lannister __knowledge__ He subsequently appeared in Martin's \"A Clash of Kings\" (1998) and \"A Storm of Swords\" (2000).", "Tywin Lannister __knowledge__ Tywin is portrayed by Charles Dance in the HBO television adaptation.", "Tywin Lannister __knowledge__ Tywin Lannister is Lord of Casterly Rock, Shield of Lannisport, and Warden of the West.", "Tywin Lannister __knowledge__ He is a calculating, ruthless, and controlling man.", "Tywin Lannister __knowledge__ In his youth, Tywin was dismayed by his father Tytos, who overlooked numerous slights from his bannermen (most notably Houses Reyne and Tarbeck) in order to win their affection." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Index of Iceland-related articles __knowledge__ Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to Iceland include: - 1. deild karla - 2. deild karla - 3. deild karla - 4. deild karla - 101 Reykjavík - 12 Tónar - 1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland - 24 stundir - 365 (media corporation) - 66°NORTH - A Little Trip to Heaven - A Man Like Me - Abortion in Iceland - Actavis - Administrative divisions of Iceland - Age of the Sturlungs - Agnar Helgason - Agreed Minute - Air Atlanta Icelandic - Air Iceland - Akranes - Akranesvöllur - Akureyrarvöllur - Akureyri Airport - Akureyri Junior College - Akureyri - Albert Guðmundsson - Albert Kristjansson - Aldeyjarfoss - Alfred Jolson - Alfreð Gíslason - All Out of Luck - Allt í drasli - Allt Sem Ég Á - Althing - Alþingishúsið - AM 738 4to - AM 748 I 4to - AMFJ - Amiina - Ampop - Andri Snær Magnason - Angel (Two Tricky song) - Angels of the Universe - Animamina - Apavatn - Apparat Organ Quartet - Architecture of Iceland - Arctic fox - Argja Bóltfelag - Ari Freyr Skúlason - Ari Guðmundsson - Ari Trausti Guðmundsson - Ari Þorgilsson - Arnaldur Indriðason - Arnamagnæan Manuscript Collection - Arnar Grétarsson - Arnar Gunnlaugsson - Arnar Jónsson (actor) - Arnar Jónsson (basketball) - Arnar Viðarsson - Arnavatnsheiði - Arngrímur Jónsson - Arnór Guðjohnsen - Arnórr jarlaskáld - Aron Gunnarsson - As Above... - Askja (building) - Askja - Asmund and Signy - Atlantic Cup (Europe) - Atlantic puffin - Atli Eðvaldsson - Atli Heimir Sveinsson - Attention (GusGus album) - Aud the Deep-Minded - Auðun Helgason - Auðunn Blöndal - Auður Jónsdóttir - August & Telma - Austur-Húnavatnssýsla - Austur-Skaftafellssýsla - Á Móti Sól - Ágúst Guðmundsson - Ágúst Gylfason - Ágúst Ævar Gunnarsson - Ágústa Eva Erlendsdóttir - Ágætis byrjun - Áki Ásgeirsson - Álafoss - Álfrún Gunnlaugsdóttir - Álftanes - Áramótaskaupið - Árborg - Árbæjarsafn - Árbær - Ármann Smári Björnsson - Árnagarður - Árneshreppur - Árnessýsla - Árni beiskur - Árni Bergmann - Árni Gautur Arason - Árni Helgason - Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies - Árni Magnússon - Árni Mathiesen - Árni Sigfússon - Árni Þorláksson - Árni Þórarinsson - Ásbirningar family clan - Ásbyrgi - Ásgeir Ásgeirsson - Ásgeir Helgason - Ásgeir Sigurvinsson - Ásgrímur Jónsson - Áskell Örn Kárason - Ásmundur Sveinsson - ÁTVR - Ba Ba Ti Ki Di Do - Bad Taste (record label) - Bakkafjörður - Bakkavör - Baldur Bett - Baldur Möller - Baldur Ragnarsson - Baldur Sigurðsson - Baldur, Manitoba - Baldwin Baldwinson - Baltasar Kormákur - Banana production in Iceland - Bandalag íslenskra skáta - Bandamanna saga - Bang Gang - Barðastrandarsýsla - Barðaströnd - Barði Jóhannsson - Barðsneshorn - Barnafossar - Basque–Icelandic pidgin - Battle of Haugsnes - Battle of Sauðafell - Battle of the Gulf - Battle of Víðines - Battle of Örlygsstaðir - Baugur Group - Baula - Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss - Bárðarbunga - Bellatrix (band) - Benedikt Sigurðsson Gröndal - Beowulf & Grendel - Berglind Ásgeirsdóttir - Bergsbók - Bergur Sigurbjörnsson - Bergþórshvoll - Bernard Bernard - Bersi Skáldtorfuson - Bessastadahreppur - Bessastaðir - Bifröst (town) - Bifröst University - Bill Sveinson - Bing Bang (Time to Dance) - Birgir Sigurðsson (writer) - Birgitta Haukdal - Birkir Bjarnason - Birkir Ívar Guðmundsson - Birkir Kristinsson - Bishop of Iceland - Bishop of Reykjavík (Catholic) - Bíldudalur - Bitið fast í vitið - Bjargtangar - Bjarki Gunnlaugsson - Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa - Bjarni Ármannsson - Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1908) - Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970) - Bjarni Bjarnason - Bjarni Friðriksson - Bjarni Guðjónsson - Bjarni Herjólfsson - Bjarni Jónsson (artist) - Bjarni Jónsson - Bjarni Thorarensen - Bjarni Tryggvason - Bjarni Viðarsson - Björgólfur Guðmundsson - Björgólfur Hideaki Takefusa - Björgólfur Thor Björgólfsson - Björgvin Halldórsson - Björk (album) - Björk Guðmundsdóttir & tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar - Björk - Björn Bjarnason - Björn Gunnlaugsson - Björn Hjörtur Guðmundsson - Björn Jónsson - Björn Th.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ The recorded history of Iceland began with the settlement by Viking explorers and their slaves from the east, particularly Norway and the British Isles, in the late ninth century.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland was still uninhabited long after the rest of Western Europe had been settled.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ Recorded settlement has conventionally been dated back to 874, although archaeological evidence indicates Gaelic monks had settled Iceland before that date.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ The land was settled quickly, mainly by Norwegians who may have been fleeing conflict or seeking new land to farm.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ By 930, the chieftains had established a form of governance, the \"Althing\", making it one of the world's oldest parliaments.", "Icesave dispute __knowledge__ The Icesave dispute was a diplomatic dispute that began after the privately owned Icelandic bank Landsbanki was placed in receivership on 7 October 2008.", "Icesave dispute __knowledge__ As \"Landsbanki\" was one of three systemically important financial institutions in Iceland to go bankrupt within a few days, the Icelandic Depositors' and Investors' Guarantee Fund (\"Tryggingarsjóður\") had no remaining funds to make good on deposit guarantees to foreign \"Landsbanki\" depositors who held savings in the Icesave branch of the bank.", "Icesave dispute __knowledge__ When \"Landsbanki\" was placed into receivership by the Icelandic Financial Supervisory Authority (FME), 343,306 retail depositors in the UK and Netherlands that held accounts in the \"Icesave\" branch of \"Landsbanki\" lost a total of €6.7bn of savings.", "Nordic countries __knowledge__ The Nordic countries or the Nordic are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic, where they are most commonly known as \"Norden\" (literally \"the North\").", "Nordic countries __knowledge__ They consist of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, including Greenland and Faroe Islands—which are both constituent countries within the Kingdom of Denmark—and the Åland Islands.", "Nordic countries __knowledge__ The population of the Nordic countries are mainly Scandinavian or Finnish, with Greenlandic Inuit and the Sami people as indigenous minorities, since Scandinavians comprise over three quarters of the region's population and is thus the largest group by far.", "The Sure Thing __knowledge__ The Sure Thing is a 1985 American romantic comedy film written by Steven L. Bloom and Jonathan Roberts and directed by Rob Reiner.", "The Sure Thing __knowledge__ The film stars John Cusack, Daphne Zuniga, and Viveca Lindfors; it introduces Nicollette Sheridan in the title role.", "The Sure Thing __knowledge__ The film chronicles the cross-country journey of college students Walter Gibson (Cusack) and Alison Bradbury (Zuniga) as they make their way from New England to Los Angeles, each in an effort to meet their ideal match.", "The Sure Thing __knowledge__ The origins of the film came from an experience writer Steven L. Bloom had while attending Brown University.", "The Sure Thing __knowledge__ During this time, his best friend was attending Emory University in Atlanta, GA and was constantly recounting the good times he was having while absolutely nothing was going on for Bloom.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American singer, musician, and actor.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as the \"King of Rock and Roll\" or simply \"the King\".", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ His music career began there in 1954, recording at Sun Records with producer Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of African American music to a wider audience.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a pioneer of rockabilly, an uptempo, backbeat-driven fusion of country music and rhythm and blues.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement is a defence procurement project of the Canadian government to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), a process started in 1997.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The F-35 procurement has been a source of considerable controversy in public policy circles in Canada since the federal government announced its intention to purchase the aircraft in 2010.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ In April 2012, with the release of a highly critical Auditor General of Canada report on the failures of the government's F-35 program, the procurement was labelled a national \"scandal\" and \"fiasco\" by the media.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ The BBC Television Shakespeare is a series of British television adaptations of the plays of William Shakespeare, created by Cedric Messina and broadcast by BBC Television.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Transmitted in the UK from 3 December 1978 to 27 April 1985, the series spanned seven seasons and thirty-seven episodes.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Development began in 1975 when Messina saw that the grounds of Glamis Castle would make a perfect location for an adaptation of Shakespeare's \"As You Like It\" for the \"Play of the Month\" series.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Upon returning to London, however, he had come to envision an entire series devoted exclusively to the dramatic works of Shakespeare.", "Dale Earnhardt Jr. __knowledge__ Ralph Dale Earnhardt Jr. (born October 10, 1974), known professionally as Dale Earnhardt Jr., Dale Jr., or just Junior, is a retired American professional stock car racing driver, team owner, and is currently an analyst for \"NASCAR on NBC\".", "Dale Earnhardt Jr. __knowledge__ He also competes part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series driving the No.", "Dale Earnhardt Jr. __knowledge__ 88 Chevrolet Camaro for his team JR Motorsports.", "Dale Earnhardt Jr. __knowledge__ He is the son of NASCAR Hall of Fame member Dale Earnhardt Sr.", "Dale Earnhardt Jr. __knowledge__ He is also the grandson of both NASCAR driver Ralph Earnhardt and stock car fabricator Robert Gee, the brother of Kelley Earnhardt-Miller, the half-brother of former driver Kerry Earnhardt, the uncle of driver Jeffrey Earnhardt, the stepson of Teresa Earnhardt, and the older half-brother of Taylor Nicole Earnhardt-Putnam.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history." ] ]

[ 1, 59, 3, 6 ]

[ "I really enjoy the Game of Thrones series. It is a television series created by David Benioff and D.B. Weiss off the George R.R. Martin series. Whose your favorite character?", "My favorite is Tyrion Lannister. He is so quirky and funny. Even Martin comments that he is his favorite character as well.", "Sure thing - it was originally filmed in Belfast and but also have been to basically every other country (US, Canada, UK, Spain). The series is going to conclude with its eight season in 2019.", "Yes - Iceland as well. I really enjoy Game of Thrones as it focuses on three main story arcs." ]

[ "Game of Thrones", "Game of Thrones", "Game of Thrones", "Game of Thrones" ]

[ "Fear of the dark\nDo you known any adults with a fear of the dark?", "I'm sorry! Tell me more. I think my husband does too, he just won't admit it", "He sleeps with a TV on and something with noise. Personally, I have ADHD, so any noise just add to my thoughts and I'm up visiting the fridge instead of sleeping lol. So I have learned to sleep with ear plugs", "Oh how sad, do you know how to help it?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Fear of the dark is a common fear or phobia among children and, to a varying degree, adults.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Fear of the dark is usually not a fear of darkness itself, but a fear of possible or imagined dangers concealed by darkness.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Some degree of fear of the dark is natural, especially as a phase of child development.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Most observers report that fear of the dark seldom appears before the age of 2 years.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ When fear of the dark reaches a degree that is severe enough to be considered pathological, it is sometimes called scotophobia (from σκότος – \"darkness\"), or lygophobia (from λυγή – \"twilight\").", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Some researchers, beginning with Sigmund Freud, consider the fear of the dark to be a manifestation of separation anxiety disorder.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ An alternate theory was posited in the 1960s, when scientists conducted experiments in a search for molecules responsible for memory.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ In one experiment, rats, normally nocturnal animals, were conditioned to fear the dark and a substance called \"scotophobin\" was supposedly extracted from the rats' brains; this substance was claimed to be responsible for remembering this fear.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ These findings were subsequently debunked.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Nyctophobia is a phobia characterized by a severe fear of the dark.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ There are a number of anxiety disorders: including generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and selective mutism.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ People often have more than one anxiety disorder.", "Anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Fear of medical procedures __knowledge__ Most people suffer from a form of fear of medical procedures during their life.", "Fear of medical procedures __knowledge__ There are many different aspects of this fear and not everyone has every part.", "Fear of medical procedures __knowledge__ Some of these parts include fear of surgery, fear of dental work and fear of doctors (involving fear of needles).", "Fear of medical procedures __knowledge__ These fears are often overlooked, but when a patient has one to the extreme it can be very damaging to their health.", "Fear of medical procedures __knowledge__ Formally, medical fear is defined (by Steward and Steward, see Further reading) as \"any experience that involves medical personnel or procedures involved in the process of evaluating or modifying health status in traditional health care settings\".", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk (\"Buteo jamaicensis\") is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America, from the interior of Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ It is one of the most common members within the genus of \"Buteo\" in North America or worldwide.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk is one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the \"chickenhawk,\" though it rarely preys on standard-sized chickens.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The bird is sometimes also referred to as the red-tail for short, when the meaning is clear in context.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ Red-tailed hawks can acclimate to all the biomes within their range, occurring on the edges of non-ideal habitats such as dense forests and sandy deserts.", "Ephebiphobia __knowledge__ Ephebiphobia is the fear of youth.", "Ephebiphobia __knowledge__ First coined as the \"fear or loathing of teenagers\", today the phenomenon is recognized as the \"inaccurate, exaggerated and sensational characterization of young people\" in a range of settings around the world.", "Ephebiphobia __knowledge__ Studies of the fear of youth occur in sociology and youth studies.", "Ephebiphobia __knowledge__ The word \"ephebiphobia\" is formed from the Greek \"éphēbos\", meaning \"youth\" or \"adolescent\" and \"phóbos\", meaning \"fear\" or \"phobia\".", "Ephebiphobia __knowledge__ The coinage of this term is attributed to a 1994 article by Kirk Astroth published in \"Phi Delta Kappan\".", "Ephebiphobia __knowledge__ Today, common usage occurs internationally by sociologists, government agencies, and youth advocacy organizations that define ephebiphobia as an abnormal or irrational and persistent fear and/or loathing of teenagers or adolescence.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ This list comprises the items featured in the American fantasy-drama television series \"Once Upon a Time\" and its spin-off \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\".", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The Aging Dust is causes the victim to age.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The amount of aging depends on the amount of dust used.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Emma put some in the onion rings she gave Zelena, to accelerate her pregnancy.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ She wanted baby Robin out of the way so she could put the Darkness into Zelena and then kill her with Excalibur.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Mr. Gold owns some as well as he used it to temporarily age a fairy that he and the Evil Queen chased and captured into an old woman.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Regina was mentioned to have found a way to restore the fairy back to her rightful age.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is a conscious or subconscious avoidance of a situation or social interaction.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ With a high level of social inhibition, situations are avoided because of the possibility of others disapproving of their feelings or expressions.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is related to behavior, appearance, social interactions, or a subject matter for discussion.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Related processes that deal with social inhibition are social evaluation concerns, anxiety in social interaction, social avoidance, and withdrawal.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Also related are components such as cognitive brain patterns, anxious apprehension during social interactions, and internalizing problems." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Fear of the dark is a common fear or phobia among children and, to a varying degree, adults.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Fear of the dark is usually not a fear of darkness itself, but a fear of possible or imagined dangers concealed by darkness.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Some degree of fear of the dark is natural, especially as a phase of child development.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Most observers report that fear of the dark seldom appears before the age of 2 years.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ When fear of the dark reaches a degree that is severe enough to be considered pathological, it is sometimes called scotophobia (from σκότος – \"darkness\"), or lygophobia (from λυγή – \"twilight\").", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Some researchers, beginning with Sigmund Freud, consider the fear of the dark to be a manifestation of separation anxiety disorder.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ An alternate theory was posited in the 1960s, when scientists conducted experiments in a search for molecules responsible for memory.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ In one experiment, rats, normally nocturnal animals, were conditioned to fear the dark and a substance called \"scotophobin\" was supposedly extracted from the rats' brains; this substance was claimed to be responsible for remembering this fear.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ These findings were subsequently debunked.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Nyctophobia is a phobia characterized by a severe fear of the dark.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes Maria Theresa Immaculata McQueen (also Owen, Fisher and Browning) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jennifer Metcalfe.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2006 as the first character to be introduced to the series by series producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ In 2008 Metcalfe feared that the character was to be axed but was later reassured by the series producer that she would not be.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Metcalfe later stated her intention to stay with the series.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes is part of the McQueen family and is the longest serving McQueen on the series.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared, or returned, in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2014 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ All new characters in 2014 were introduced by Dominic Treadwell-Collins, executive producer.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ Nancy Carter arrived in January with her fiancé, Wayne Ladlow, Stan Carter, Babe Smith and new market inspector, Aleks Shirovs.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ February saw Stacey Branning return with her daughter Lily and also her new boyfriend, Luke Riley, followed by Tosh Mackintosh.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ On 10 March, Charlie Cotton and on 4 April, Lee Carter.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ Donna Yates, a new market stallholder and Pam Coker, Les Coker's wife, both arrived on 14 April.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album, \"Purpose\" (2015).", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Written by Bieber, Julia Michaels, Justin Tranter, Sonny Moore, and Michael Tucker; the song was produced by Skrillex and BloodPop.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ It was released on October 23, 2015, as the second single from the album.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ A dancehall-pop and tropical house song, \"Sorry\" contains in its instrumentation \"brassy horn bleats\", warm island rhythms and a dembow riddim beat.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, \"Sorry\" is a plea for a chance to apologize to a lover, with Bieber asking forgiveness and a second chance to redeem himself.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The song allegedly samples \"Ring The Bell\" by White Hinterland.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her sixth studio album \"Lemonade\" (2016).", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ It was written and produced by Wynter Gordon, Sean \"Melo-X\" Rhoden and Beyoncé, with Hit-Boy serving as a co-producer and Stuart White as an additional producer.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Columbia Records serviced it to radio stations as the album's second single on May 3, 2016.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry\" is an electro-R&B song with a thumping rhythm created by drum beats, synthesizers and bells.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song's lyrics revolve around the protagonist dealing with betrayal of a companion with a woman.", "Sorry (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Due to the numerous allegations featured in the song, media linked its subject matter to the singer and her spouse, Jay-Z.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Keegan Baker (Zack Morris), a friend of Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), followed by Emerald Fox (Doña Croll), the mother of Denise Fox (Diane Parish) and Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson).", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ Madison Drake (Seraphina Beh), Alexandra D'Costa (Sydney Craven) and Travis Law-Hughes (Alex James-Phelps), three new teenage characters, were also introduced in January as well as their school teacher Mr Gethin Pryce (Cerith Flinn) and Hugo Browning (Simon Williams), the chairman of Weyland & Co.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ This list comprises the items featured in the American fantasy-drama television series \"Once Upon a Time\" and its spin-off \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\".", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The Aging Dust is causes the victim to age.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The amount of aging depends on the amount of dust used.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Emma put some in the onion rings she gave Zelena, to accelerate her pregnancy.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ She wanted baby Robin out of the way so she could put the Darkness into Zelena and then kill her with Excalibur.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Mr. Gold owns some as well as he used it to temporarily age a fairy that he and the Evil Queen chased and captured into an old woman.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Regina was mentioned to have found a way to restore the fairy back to her rightful age.", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ \"Power Rangers Mystic Force\" is the 2006 season of Power Rangers which tells the story of the fight between the Mystic Rangers and the evil Forces of Darkness who are trying to rule over the worlds of mortals and magic.", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ The powers of the Mystic Rangers are derived from beings known as the Ancient Titans, creatures with great elemental powers, symbolized by mythological creatures from various Earth mythologies on the Ranger's visors (the creatures being the phoenix, the sprite, the garuda, the minotaur and the mermaid).", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ To date, they are the only team of Rangers to not have some kind of team-up special with another Ranger team in their own season.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Warcraft universe characters __knowledge__ Major and recurring characters from the fantasy series \"Warcraft\" are listed below.", "List of Warcraft universe characters __knowledge__ The series began with Blizzard Entertainment's 1994 video game \"\", and continued with \"\", \"\", \"\", \"\", \"World of Warcraft\", \"\", \"\", \"\", \"\", \"\", \"\" and \"\".", "List of Warcraft universe characters __knowledge__ The franchise has been further extended with a series of novels, graphic novels, a live-action film, and other works.", "List of Warcraft universe characters __knowledge__ Aegwynn was the penultimate Guardian of Tirisfal.", "List of Warcraft universe characters __knowledge__ She was a mortal champion imbued with the magic of a secret council who would utilize their collective powers to fight a never-ending secret war against the Burning Legion.", "List of Warcraft universe characters __knowledge__ Aegwynn grew powerful over the years and used her powers to extend her life significantly." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Fear of the dark is a common fear or phobia among children and, to a varying degree, adults.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Fear of the dark is usually not a fear of darkness itself, but a fear of possible or imagined dangers concealed by darkness.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Some degree of fear of the dark is natural, especially as a phase of child development.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Most observers report that fear of the dark seldom appears before the age of 2 years.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ When fear of the dark reaches a degree that is severe enough to be considered pathological, it is sometimes called scotophobia (from σκότος – \"darkness\"), or lygophobia (from λυγή – \"twilight\").", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Some researchers, beginning with Sigmund Freud, consider the fear of the dark to be a manifestation of separation anxiety disorder.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ An alternate theory was posited in the 1960s, when scientists conducted experiments in a search for molecules responsible for memory.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ In one experiment, rats, normally nocturnal animals, were conditioned to fear the dark and a substance called \"scotophobin\" was supposedly extracted from the rats' brains; this substance was claimed to be responsible for remembering this fear.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ These findings were subsequently debunked.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Nyctophobia is a phobia characterized by a severe fear of the dark.", "Earplug __knowledge__ An earplug is a device that is meant to be inserted in the ear canal to protect the user's ears from loud noises or the intrusion of water, foreign bodies, dust or excessive wind.", "Earplug __knowledge__ Some earplugs are primarily designed to keep water out of the ear canal, especially during swimming and water sports.", "Earplug __knowledge__ This type of earplug may be made of wax or moldable silicone which is custom-fitted to the ear canal by the wearer.", "Earplug __knowledge__ Exostosis, or Swimmers's ear, is a condition which affects people who spend large amounts of time in water in cold climates.", "Earplug __knowledge__ In addition, wind may increase the prevalence of the amount of exostosis seen in one ear versus the other dependent on the direction it originates from and the orientation of the individual to the wind.", "Health effects from noise __knowledge__ Noise health effects are the health consequences of regular exposure, to consistent elevated sound levels.", "Health effects from noise __knowledge__ Elevated workplace or environmental noise can cause hearing impairment, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, and sleep disturbance.", "Health effects from noise __knowledge__ Changes in the immune system and birth defects have been also attributed to noise exposure.", "Health effects from noise __knowledge__ Although some presbycusis may occur naturally with age, in many developed nations the cumulative impact of noise is sufficient to impair the hearing of a large fraction of the population over the course of a lifetime.", "Health effects from noise __knowledge__ Noise exposure also has been known to induce tinnitus, hypertension, vasoconstriction, and other cardiovascular adverse effects.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder __knowledge__ Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type.", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder __knowledge__ It is characterized by problems paying attention, excessive activity, or difficulty controlling behavior which is not appropriate for a person's age.", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder __knowledge__ The symptoms appear before a person is twelve years old, are present for more than six months, and cause problems in at least two settings (such as school, home, or recreational activities).", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder __knowledge__ In children, problems paying attention may result in poor school performance.", "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder __knowledge__ Although it causes impairment, particularly in modern society, many children with ADHD have a good attention span for tasks they find interesting.", "Noise-induced hearing loss __knowledge__ Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is hearing impairment resulting from exposure to loud sound.", "Noise-induced hearing loss __knowledge__ People may have a loss of perception of a narrow range of frequencies, impaired cognitive perception of sound, or other impairment, including sensitivity to sound or ringing in the ears.", "Noise-induced hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing may deteriorate gradually from chronic and repeated noise exposure, such as loud music or loud background noise, or suddenly, from a short high intensity noise such as a gunshot or airhorn.", "Noise-induced hearing loss __knowledge__ In both types, loud sound overstimulates delicate hearing cells, leading to the permanent injury or death of the cells.", "Noise-induced hearing loss __knowledge__ Once lost, hearing cannot be restored in humans.", "J. Whyatt Mondesire __knowledge__ J. Whyatt Mondesire (October 14, 1949 – October 4, 2015) was a reporter at \"The Philadelphia Inquirer\" during his early career.", "J. Whyatt Mondesire __knowledge__ At the time of his death, he was owner of the \"Philadelphia Sun\" newspaper, and was president of the Philadelphia branch of the NAACP for over a decade.", "J. Whyatt Mondesire __knowledge__ Jerome Mondesire was born in 1949 to Dominican Jerome Alexis Mondesire, a follower of Marcus Garvey, and Winnifred Taylor Mondesire.", "J. Whyatt Mondesire __knowledge__ He later studied journalism at City College of New York.", "J. Whyatt Mondesire __knowledge__ During the early 1970s, Mondesire wrote for \"The Baltimore Sun\" and later \"The Philadelphia Inquirer\", where he became city desk editor.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss, also known as hearing impairment, is a partial or total inability to hear.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ A deaf person has little to no hearing.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ In children hearing problems can affect the ability to learn spoken language and in adults it can cause work related difficulties.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ In some people, particularly older people, hearing loss can result in loneliness.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent.", "Hearing loss __knowledge__ Hearing loss may be caused by a number of factors, including: genetics, ageing, exposure to noise, some infections, birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins.", "Canberra City FC __knowledge__ Canberra City Football Club, also known for some time as the Canberra Arrows, is a semi-professional soccer club based in Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).", "Canberra City FC __knowledge__ It currently participates in the Capital Footballs Division One competition and competed in the National Soccer League from 1977 to 1986.", "Canberra City FC __knowledge__ Canberra City entered the new national competition for the inaugural season in 1977 as the only team representing the ACT.", "Canberra City FC __knowledge__ In its first season, home games were played at Manuka Oval which had the honour of hosting the first ever NSL match when City were defeated 3-1 by West Adelaide SC in front of a crowd of 1,550.", "Civic, Australian Capital Territory __knowledge__ Civic is the name by which the central business district of Canberra is commonly known.", "Civic, Australian Capital Territory __knowledge__ It is also called Civic Centre, City Centre, Canberra City and Canberra, but its official division name is City (postcode: 2601).", "Civic, Australian Capital Territory __knowledge__ Canberra's City was established in 1927, although the division name City was not gazetted until 20 September 1928.", "Civic, Australian Capital Territory __knowledge__ Walter Burley Griffin's design for Canberra included a \"Civic Centre\" with a separate \"Market Centre\" located at what is now Russell.", "Civic, Australian Capital Territory __knowledge__ However Prime Minister Stanley Bruce vetoed this idea and only the Civic Centre was developed; the idea of the Market Centre was abandoned.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ This list comprises the items featured in the American fantasy-drama television series \"Once Upon a Time\" and its spin-off \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\".", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The Aging Dust is causes the victim to age.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ The amount of aging depends on the amount of dust used.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Emma put some in the onion rings she gave Zelena, to accelerate her pregnancy.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ She wanted baby Robin out of the way so she could put the Darkness into Zelena and then kill her with Excalibur.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Mr. Gold owns some as well as he used it to temporarily age a fairy that he and the Evil Queen chased and captured into an old woman.", "List of items in Once Upon a Time __knowledge__ Regina was mentioned to have found a way to restore the fairy back to her rightful age.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Teen Titans characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the major and minor characters featured in and/or created specifically for the Cartoon Network and Kids' WB animated series \"Teen Titans\" and related properties.", "List of Teen Titans characters __knowledge__ Although he is the only one of the group without any superpowers, by virtue of his heroic experience and reputation, Robin is the highly disciplined leader of the Teen Titans.", "List of Teen Titans characters __knowledge__ As elaborated upon in the \"Go\" episode, Robin forms the group after aiding Starfire in her escape from captivity, with the help of Beast Boy, Cyborg, and Raven.", "List of Teen Titans characters __knowledge__ Prior to this, he left his mentor, Batman, (though not mentioned by name), in an effort to make it on their own as a crime-fighters." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Fear of the dark is a common fear or phobia among children and, to a varying degree, adults.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Fear of the dark is usually not a fear of darkness itself, but a fear of possible or imagined dangers concealed by darkness.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Some degree of fear of the dark is natural, especially as a phase of child development.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Most observers report that fear of the dark seldom appears before the age of 2 years.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ When fear of the dark reaches a degree that is severe enough to be considered pathological, it is sometimes called scotophobia (from σκότος – \"darkness\"), or lygophobia (from λυγή – \"twilight\").", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Some researchers, beginning with Sigmund Freud, consider the fear of the dark to be a manifestation of separation anxiety disorder.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ An alternate theory was posited in the 1960s, when scientists conducted experiments in a search for molecules responsible for memory.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ In one experiment, rats, normally nocturnal animals, were conditioned to fear the dark and a substance called \"scotophobin\" was supposedly extracted from the rats' brains; this substance was claimed to be responsible for remembering this fear.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ These findings were subsequently debunked.", "Fear of the dark __knowledge__ Nyctophobia is a phobia characterized by a severe fear of the dark.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ John J Mellencamp (born October 7, 1951), previously known as Johnny Cougar, John Cougar, and John Cougar Mellencamp, is an American musician, singer-songwriter, painter, and actor.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ He is known for his catchy, populist brand of heartland rock, which emphasizes traditional instrumentation.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ Mellencamp rose to fame in the 1980s while \"honing an almost startlingly plainspoken writing style that, starting in 1982, yielded a string of Top 10 singles\", including \"Hurts So Good\", \"Jack & Diane\", \"Crumblin' Down\", \"Pink Houses\", \"Lonely Ol' Night\", \"Small Town\", \"R.O.C.K.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ in the U.S.A.\", \"Paper in Fire\", and \"Cherry Bomb\".", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ The Special Activities Division (SAD) is a division of the United States Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert operations.", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ Within SAD there are two separate groups: SAD/SOG for tactical paramilitary operations and SAD/PAG for covert political action.", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ SAD's name changed to Special Activities Center as a result of the modernization and reorganization of the CIA in 2016.", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ The Special Operations Group (SOG) is the department within SAD responsible for operations that include high-threat military or covert operations which the US government does not wish to be overtly associated.", "Special Activities Division __knowledge__ As such, unit members, called Paramilitary Operations Officers and Specialized Skills Officers, do not typically carry any objects or clothing, e.g., military uniforms, that would associate them with the United States government.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean female mountaineer.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ She is the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ On April 27, 2010, she reached the Annapurna summit.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh claimed she had climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat, but her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun later admitted that she had to stop a few hundred meters before the Kangchenjunga summit — therefore the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that Oh did not climb that peak, and the mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered that Edurne Pasaban is the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks.", "Novi Sad __knowledge__ Novi Sad (, ; ; , the city has a population of 250,439, while the urban area of Novi Sad (with the adjacent urban settlements of Petrovaradin and Sremska Kamenica) has 277,522 inhabitants.", "Novi Sad __knowledge__ The population of the administrative area of the city stands at 341,625 people.", "Novi Sad __knowledge__ Novi Sad was founded in 1694, when Serb merchants formed a colony across the Danube from the Petrovaradin fortress, a Habsburg strategic military post.", "Novi Sad __knowledge__ In the 18th and 19th centuries, it became an important trading and manufacturing centre, as well as a centre of Serbian culture of that period, earning the nickname of the \"Serbian Athens\".", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Separation anxiety disorder (SAD), is an anxiety disorder in which an individual experiences excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (e.g., a parent, caregiver, significant other or siblings).", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ It is most common in infants and small children, typically between the ages of 6–7 months to 3 years, although it may pathologically manifest itself in older children, adolescents and adults.", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Separation anxiety is a natural part of the developmental process.", "Separation anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Unlike SAD (indicated by excessive anxiety), normal separation anxiety indicates healthy advancements in a child's cognitive maturation and should not be considered a developing behavioral problem.", "Sad Clowns & Hillbillies __knowledge__ Sad Clowns & Hillbillies is the 23rd studio album by American singer-songwriter and musician John Mellencamp.", "Sad Clowns & Hillbillies __knowledge__ It was released on April 28, 2017 by Republic Records.", "Sad Clowns & Hillbillies __knowledge__ The album features significant contributions from Carlene Carter, who worked with Mellencamp on \"Ghost Brothers of Darkland County\", his musical collaboration with Stephen King, and \"Ithaca\", the movie he scored for girlfriend Meg Ryan.", "Sad Clowns & Hillbillies __knowledge__ Carter opened every show of Mellencamp's 2015–2016 Plain Spoken Tour.", "Sad Clowns & Hillbillies __knowledge__ Mellencamp and Carter gave the first glimpse into the project by debuting two songs (\"Indigo Sunset\" and \"My Soul's Got Wings\") live during their 2016 concerts, and Mellencamp dropped \"Easy Target,\" his \"reflection on the state of our country\", on January 19, 2017 – the eve of the 2017 Presidential Inauguration.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune Records was an American family operated, independent record label located in Detroit, Michigan from 1946 to 1995.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ The label owners were Jack and Devora Brown, their son Sheldon Brown recorded for the label.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Original releases tapered off after 1972 aside from a few albums in the mid-1980s.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune specialized in R&B, blues, soul and doo-wop music, although the label also released pop, big band, hillbilly, gospel, rock and roll, and polka records.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune released some doo-wop tunes by Nolan Strong & The Diablos, such as \"The Wind\" (Fortune 511, 1954), \"The Way You Dog Me Around\" (Fortune 518, 1955), and \"Mind Over Matter\" (Fortune 546, 1962).", "Brain Age 2: More Training in Minutes a Day! __knowledge__ Brain Age 2: More Training in Minutes a Day!", "Brain Age 2: More Training in Minutes a Day! __knowledge__ (stylized as Brain Age), also known as More Brain Training from Dr. Kawashima: How Old Is Your Brain?", "Brain Age 2: More Training in Minutes a Day! __knowledge__ in PAL regions, is an edutainment puzzle game and the sequel to \"\" (2005).", "Brain Age 2: More Training in Minutes a Day! __knowledge__ It was published and developed by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld game console.", "Brain Age 2: More Training in Minutes a Day! __knowledge__ Before the game begins, the player must perform a Brain Age Check to determine their brain age, which ranges from 20 to 80, to determine approximately their brain's responsiveness.", "Brain Age 2: More Training in Minutes a Day! __knowledge__ A brain age of 20, the lowest age that the player can achieve, indicates that the player's brain is as responsive as that of an average 20-year-old.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.", "Lacombe Police Service __knowledge__ Lacombe Police Service is the municipal police force for the City of Lacombe, Alberta.", "Lacombe Police Service __knowledge__ The current Chief of Police is Lorne Blumhagen.", "Lacombe Police Service __knowledge__ The Lacombe Police Service, established in 1900, is one of the oldest departments in Alberta.", "Lacombe Police Service __knowledge__ With 19 police officers, 7 civilian staff and volunteers serving the City of Lacombe as of 2016.", "Childbirth in Nepal __knowledge__ This article provides a background on Nepal as a whole, with a focus on the nation’s childbearing and birthing practices.", "Childbirth in Nepal __knowledge__ While modern Western medicine has disseminated across the country to varying degrees, different regions in Nepal continue to practice obstetric and newborn care according to traditional beliefs, attitudes, and customs.", "Childbirth in Nepal __knowledge__ Indigenous Nepali theories of illness differ from that of the modern Western world.", "Childbirth in Nepal __knowledge__ They do not believe in the germ theory; instead, they believe that illness is caused by malevolent powers that enter the body, disturbing the normal balance and creating sickness.", "Ice Age: The Meltdown __knowledge__ Ice Age: The Meltdown is a 2006 American computer-animated comedy adventure film produced by Blue Sky Studios and released by 20th Century Fox.", "Ice Age: The Meltdown __knowledge__ As the first sequel to the 2002 film \"Ice Age\", it focuses on The Herd escaping an upcoming flood, during which Manny finds love.", "Ice Age: The Meltdown __knowledge__ It was directed by Carlos Saldanha, co-director of the first film, with the music composed by John Powell.", "Ice Age: The Meltdown __knowledge__ The original voice cast — Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary and Chris Wedge — is joined by Queen Latifah, Seann William Scott and Josh Peck.", "Ice Age: The Meltdown __knowledge__ The film premiered in Belgium on March 1, 2006.", "Ice Age: The Meltdown __knowledge__ It was eventually released in 70 countries, with the last release being in China, on June 9, 2006.", "Maguari stork __knowledge__ The maguari stork (\"Ciconia maguari\") is a large species of stork that inhabits seasonal wetlands over much of South America, and is very similar in appearance to the white stork; albeit slightly larger.", "Maguari stork __knowledge__ It is the only species of its genus to occur in the New World and is one of the only three New World stork species, together with the wood stork and the jabiru.", "Maguari stork __knowledge__ This stork was formerly placed in its own genus \"Euxenura\", but was later reclassified as belonging to \"Ciconia\" because of its large morphological and ethological similarity to other storks of this genus.", "Maguari stork __knowledge__ However, the maguari stork most closely resembles both the white stork and the Oriental white stork in morphology and behaviour; and is especially similar to the white stork in its manner of performing the up-down greeting display.", "Human height __knowledge__ Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.", "Human height __knowledge__ It is measured using a stadiometer, usually in centimetres when using the metric system, or feet and inches when using the imperial system.", "Human height __knowledge__ A particular genetic profile in men called Y haplotype I-M170 is correlated with height.", "Human height __knowledge__ Ecological data shows that as the frequency of this genetic profile increases in the population, the average male height in a country also increases.", "Human height __knowledge__ When populations share genetic background and environmental factors, average height is frequently characteristic within the group." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 4, 0 ]

[ "I have a fear of the dark! Well, not by the actual dark but fear of the dangers concealed by darkness.", "Some degree of fear of the dark is actually normal and natural.", "Fear of the dark rarely occurs before age 2, interestingly.", "I would imagine therapy, or most kids grow out of it." ]

[ "Fear of the dark", "Fear of the dark", "Fear of the dark", "Fear of the dark" ]

[ "Night owl (person)", "Yes me too, I stay up late to work and play video games. ", "Perhaps they enjoy watching the sunrise! Do you work late night?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ A night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of a night owl is an early bird, a lark as opposed to owl, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, early birds are called \"A-people\" and night owls are called \"B-people\".", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers traditionally use the terms \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The term is derived from the primarily nocturnal habits of the owl.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or after dawn.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls tend to feel most energetic just before they go to sleep at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard day-time working hours.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers have found that the genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, early birds and night owls.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls who have great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep-phase disorder." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ A night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of a night owl is an early bird, a lark as opposed to owl, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, early birds are called \"A-people\" and night owls are called \"B-people\".", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers traditionally use the terms \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The term is derived from the primarily nocturnal habits of the owl.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or after dawn.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls tend to feel most energetic just before they go to sleep at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard day-time working hours.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers have found that the genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, early birds and night owls.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls who have great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep-phase disorder.", "Video game __knowledge__ A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor.", "Video game __knowledge__ The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images.", "Video game __knowledge__ Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "Video game __knowledge__ The electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms; examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles.", "Video game __knowledge__ These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Video game controversies are societal and scientific arguments about whether the content of video games change the behavior and attitudes of a player, and whether this is reflected in video game culture overall.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Since the early 2000s, advocates of video games have emphasized their use as an expressive medium, arguing for their protection under the laws governing freedom of speech and also as an educational tool.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Detractors argue that video games are harmful and therefore should be subject to legislative oversight and restrictions.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ The positive and negative characteristics and effects of video games are the subject of scientific study.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "Video game culture __knowledge__ Video game culture is a worldwide new media subculture formed by video games.", "Video game culture __knowledge__ As computer and video games have exponentially increased in popularity over time, they have had a significant influence on popular culture.", "Video game culture __knowledge__ Video game culture has also evolved over time hand in hand with internet culture as well as the increasing popularity of mobile games.", "Video game culture __knowledge__ Many people who play video games identify as gamers, which can mean anything from someone who enjoys games to someone who is passionate about it.", "Video game culture __knowledge__ As video games become more social with multiplayer and online capability, gamers find themselves in growing social networks.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ A video game genre is a specific category of games related by similar gameplay characteristics.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ Genres are not usually defined by the actual content of the game or its medium of play, but by its common challenge.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ Genres may encompass a wide variety of games, leading to even more specific classifications called \"subgenres\".", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ For example, an action game can be classified into many subgenres such as platform games and fighting games.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ Some games, most notably browser and mobile games, are commonly classified into multiple genres.", "List of video game genres __knowledge__ The following is a list of all commonly defined video game genres, with short descriptions for individual genres and major subgenres.", "Gender representation in video games __knowledge__ The portrayal of men and women in video games, as in other media, is a subject of research in gender studies and is discussed in the context of sexism in video gaming.", "Gender representation in video games __knowledge__ Although women make up about half of video game players, they are significantly underrepresented as characters in mainstream games, despite the prominence of iconic heroines such as Samus Aran or Lara Croft.", "Gender representation in video games __knowledge__ The portrayal of women in games often reflects traditional gender roles, sexual objectification or negative stereotypes, such as that of the \"damsel in distress\".", "Gender representation in video games __knowledge__ Male characters are often stereotypically depicted as big and muscular, and LGBT characters have been slow to appear in video games as a result of the heteronormativity of the medium.", "Video game industry __knowledge__ The video game industry is the economic sector involved in the development, marketing, and monetization of video games.", "Video game industry __knowledge__ It encompasses dozens of job disciplines and its component parts employ thousands of people worldwide.", "Video game industry __knowledge__ The computer and video game industry has grown from focused markets to mainstream.", "Video game industry __knowledge__ They took in about US$9.5 billion in the US in 2007, 11.7 billion in 2008, and 25.1 billion in 2010 (ESA annual report).", "Video game industry __knowledge__ Modern personal computers owe many advancements and innovations to the game industry: sound cards, graphics cards and 3D graphic accelerators, faster CPUs, and dedicated co-processors like PhysX are a few of the more notable improvements.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ The Night Owl was a passenger train operated by Amtrak on the Northeast Corridor between Washington, D.C., and Boston, Massachusetts, via New York City.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ It operated from 1972 to 1995 on an overnight schedule with sleeper service; it was the only such train on the Northeast Corridor.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ In 1995 Amtrak dropped most individual train names from its Northeast Corridor services and the \"Night Owl\" became another \"NortheastDirect\" service, but still on an overnight schedule.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ Amtrak replaced it with the \"Twilight Shoreliner\" in 1997.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ At first Amtrak did not feature overnight service on the Northeast Corridor.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ \"Night Owl\" is a song written by James Taylor that was originally released as a single by Taylor's band the Flying Machine, which also included Danny Kortchmar in 1967.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ Taylor later rerecorded a solo version of the song for his Apple Records debut album \"James Taylor\" in 1968.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ Subsequently, the Flying Machine version was released on the album \"James Taylor and the Original Flying Machine\".", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ It has also been covered by such artists as Alex Taylor, Carly Simon and Anne Murray.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ \"Night Owl\" was inspired by the Night Owl Cafe in Greenwich Village in New York City, where the Flying Machine often performed.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ The 1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision was a collision between an Amtrak passenger train, the \"Night Owl\", and a Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) Stoughton Line commuter train just outside Back Bay station in Boston, Massachusetts.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ An investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that the Amtrak train entered a speed-restricted curve at excessive speed, causing the train to derail and crash into the MBTA commuter train on an adjoining track.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ Although no one was killed in the accident, 453 people were injured and Back Bay station was closed for six days.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ Gerald Rafferty (16 April 1947 – 4 January 2011) was a Scottish singer-songwriter known for his solo hits \"Baker Street\", \"Right Down the Line\" and \"Night Owl\", as well as \"Stuck in the Middle with You\" recorded with the band Stealers Wheel.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ Rafferty was born into a working-class family in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ His mother taught him both Irish and Scottish folk songs as a boy; later, he was influenced by the music of The Beatles and Bob Dylan.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ He joined the folk-pop group The Humblebums in 1969.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ After they disbanded in 1971, he recorded his first solo album, \"Can I Have My Money Back?\"", "Barn owl __knowledge__ The barn owl (\"Tyto alba\") is the most widely distributed species of owl and one of the most widespread of all birds.", "Barn owl __knowledge__ It is also referred to as the common barn owl, to distinguish it from other species in its family, Tytonidae, which forms one of the two main lineages of living owls, the other being the typical owls (Strigidae).", "Barn owl __knowledge__ The barn owl is found almost everywhere in the world except polar and desert regions, Asia north of the Himalayas, most of Indonesia, and some Pacific islands.", "Barn owl __knowledge__ Phylogenetic evidence shows that there are at least three major lineages of barn owl, one in Europe, western Asia and Africa, one in southeast Asia and Australasia, and one in the Americas, and some highly divergent taxa on islands." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ A night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of a night owl is an early bird, a lark as opposed to owl, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, early birds are called \"A-people\" and night owls are called \"B-people\".", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers traditionally use the terms \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The term is derived from the primarily nocturnal habits of the owl.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or after dawn.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls tend to feel most energetic just before they go to sleep at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard day-time working hours.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers have found that the genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, early birds and night owls.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls who have great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep-phase disorder.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ The 2010 \"Tonight Show\" conflict was a media and public relations conflict involving American television network NBC and two of its then-late-night talk show hosts, Conan O'Brien and Jay Leno.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ Leno, the host of long-running franchise \"The Tonight Show\" since 1992, and O'Brien, host of \"Late Night\" since 1993, were strong ratings leaders for the network for much of the decade.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ When O'Brien's contract neared its end and he was courted by other networks in 2001, NBC extended his contract and essentially guaranteed him he would be the fifth host of \"The Tonight Show\".", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ The network neglected to let Leno know this until his contract extension in 2004, when they informed him he would remain host for five more years and then transition the show to O'Brien in 2009.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Late Night with Conan O'Brien __knowledge__ Late Night with Conan O'Brien is an American late-night talk show hosted by Conan O'Brien that aired 2,725 episodes on NBC between 1993 and 2009.", "Late Night with Conan O'Brien __knowledge__ The show featured varied comedic material, celebrity interviews, and musical and comedy performances.", "Late Night with Conan O'Brien __knowledge__ \"Late Night\" aired weeknights at 12:37 am Eastern/11:37 pm Central and 12:37 am Mountain in the United States.", "Late Night with Conan O'Brien __knowledge__ From 1993 until 2000, Andy Richter served as O'Brien's sidekick; following his departure, O'Brien was the show's sole featured performer.", "Late Night with Conan O'Brien __knowledge__ The show's house musical act was The Max Weinberg 7, led by E Street Band drummer Max Weinberg.", "Late Night with Conan O'Brien __knowledge__ The second incarnation of NBC's \"Late Night\" franchise, O'Brien's debuted in 1993 after David Letterman, who hosted the first incarnation of \"Late Night\", moved to CBS to host \"Late Show\" opposite \"The Tonight Show\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Beacham Theatre __knowledge__ The Beacham Theatre is a cinema built in 1921 by Braxton Beacham Sr. in the city of Orlando, Florida.", "Beacham Theatre __knowledge__ The current address of the theater is 46 North Orange Avenue, and it is located at the southwest corner of Orange Avenue and Washington Street.", "Beacham Theatre __knowledge__ The building's current lack of impressive architecture is offset by its significant cultural history.", "Beacham Theatre __knowledge__ The Beacham Theatre was considered an important contributing structure when the Downtown Orlando historic district was created in 1980 and the building was granted local landmark status in 1987.", "Beacham Theatre __knowledge__ The Beacham was once part of the vaudeville circuit and hosted celebrity acts such as John Phillip Sousa, the Ziegfeld Follies and W.C. Fields, whose signature was once visible inside a dressing room.", "Late night television in the United States __knowledge__ Late night television in the United States is the block of television programming airing after 11:00 p.m. and usually through 2:00 a.m.", "Late night television in the United States __knowledge__ Traditionally, this type of programming airs after the late local news and is most notable for being the daypart used for a particular genre of programming that falls somewhere between a variety show and a talk show.", "Late night television in the United States __knowledge__ Popular shows within the late night talk show genre include \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", \"Late Show with Stephen Colbert\", \"The Late Late Show with James Corden\", \"Late Night with Seth Meyers\", \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\"", "Late night television in the United States __knowledge__ and \"Conan\".", "Late night television in the United States __knowledge__ Famous former hosts include Johnny Carson of \"The Tonight Show\", Jay Leno of \"The Tonight Show\" (who has taped more episodes than any other late night host), Arsenio Hall of \"The Arsenio Hall Show\", Tom Snyder of \"Tomorrow\", and \"The Late Late Show\", Steve Allen, the father of the late night talk show and founder of \"Tonight\" (now known as \"The Tonight Show\"), Merv Griffin and Dick Cavett, early competitors with Carson, and Jack Paar, the man who followed Steve Allen as host of the \"Tonight Show\" and who is responsible for setting the standards for the genre.", "Origin of birds __knowledge__ The scientific question of within which larger group of animals birds evolved, has traditionally been called the origin of birds.", "Origin of birds __knowledge__ The present scientific consensus is that birds are a group of theropod dinosaurs that originated during the Mesozoic Era.", "Origin of birds __knowledge__ A close relationship between birds and dinosaurs was first proposed in the nineteenth century after the discovery of the primitive bird \"Archaeopteryx\" in Germany.", "Origin of birds __knowledge__ Birds share many unique skeletal features with dinosaurs.", "Origin of birds __knowledge__ Moreover, fossils of more than twenty species of dinosaur have been collected with preserved feathers.", "Origin of birds __knowledge__ There are even very small dinosaurs, such as \"Microraptor\" and \"Anchiornis\", which have long, vaned, arm and leg feathers forming wings.", "Narcolepsy __knowledge__ Narcolepsy is a long-term neurological disorder that involves a decreased ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles.", "Narcolepsy __knowledge__ Symptoms include periods of excessive daytime sleepiness that usually last from seconds to minutes and may occur at any time.", "Narcolepsy __knowledge__ About 70% of those affected also experience episodes of sudden loss of muscle strength, known as cataplexy.", "Narcolepsy __knowledge__ These experiences can be brought on by strong emotions.", "Narcolepsy __knowledge__ Less commonly there may be inability to move or vivid hallucinations while falling asleep or waking up.", "Narcolepsy __knowledge__ People with narcolepsy tend to sleep about the same number of hours per day as people without, but the quality of sleep tends to be worse.", "Delayed sleep phase disorder __knowledge__ Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), more often known as delayed sleep phase syndrome and also as delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, is a chronic dysregulation of a person's circadian rhythm (biological clock), compared to the general population and relative to societal norms.", "Delayed sleep phase disorder __knowledge__ The disorder affects the timing of sleep, peak period of alertness, the core body temperature rhythm, and hormonal and other daily cycles.", "Delayed sleep phase disorder __knowledge__ People with DSPD generally fall asleep some hours after midnight and have difficulty waking up in the morning.", "Delayed sleep phase disorder __knowledge__ People with DSPD probably have a circadian period significantly longer than 24 hours.", "Bird flight __knowledge__ Bird flight is the primary mode of locomotion used by most bird species.", "Bird flight __knowledge__ Flight assists birds while feeding, breeding, avoiding predators, and migrating.", "Bird flight __knowledge__ Bird flight is one of the most complex forms of locomotion in the animal kingdom.", "Bird flight __knowledge__ Each facet of this type of motion, including hovering, taking off, and landing, involves many complex movements.", "Bird flight __knowledge__ As different bird species have adapted to specific environments, prey, predators, and other needs, they have developed varied forms of wings and varied forms of flight.", "Bird flight __knowledge__ Research into how birds fly has yielded various theories as to the evolution of bird flight, a topic that is still hotly debated among scholars.", "Sleep in non-human animals __knowledge__ Sleep in non-human animals refers to a behavioral and physiological state characterized by altered consciousness, reduced responsiveness to external stimuli, and homeostatic regulation.", "Sleep in non-human animals __knowledge__ Sleep is observed in mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and some fish, and, in some form, in insects and even in simpler animals such as nematodes.", "Sleep in non-human animals __knowledge__ The internal circadian clock promotes sleep daily at night in diurnal organisms (such as humans) and in the day in nocturnal organisms (such as rodents).", "Sleep in non-human animals __knowledge__ However, sleep patterns vary widely among species.", "Sleep in non-human animals __knowledge__ Sleep appears to be a requirement for all mammals and most other animals.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ The neuroscience of sleep is the study of the neuroscientific and physiological basis of the nature of sleep and its functions.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ Traditionally, sleep has been studied as part of psychology and medicine.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ The study of sleep from a neuroscience perspective grew to prominence with advances in technology and proliferation of neuroscience research from the second half of the twentieth century.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ The fact that organisms daily spend hours of their time in sleep and that sleep deprivation can have disastrous effects ultimately leading to death, demonstrate the importance of sleep.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ For a phenomenon so important, the purposes and mechanisms of sleep are only partially understood, so much so that as recently as the late 1990s it was quipped: \"The only known function of sleep is to cure sleepiness\"." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 8 ]

[ "I am most definitely a night owl as i stay up late at night - how about you?", "I do not understand early birds most of the time - they go to sleep early and then wake up early.", "I do a little bit of both working and watching/listening to TV - it's my quiet time." ]

[ "Night owl (person)", "Night owl (person)", "Night owl (person)" ]

[ "Pizza\nCall me crazy but I love pizza. Do you happen to know when it first came out. I just love it!", "Wow crazy. I prefer old school Italian pizza. I wonder what the most popular toppings are. ", "I love goat cheese, light sauce and goose liver on mine with a nice glass of Vino. My wife love's white pizza.", "I'm not sure what's better Pizza or Taco's. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of main characters in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" franchise.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are a team of mutant red-eared sliders named after four Renaissance artists and living in the sewers of New York City, where they train by day and fight crime by night as ninjas.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leonardo is the calm and courageous leader of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ He is the most devoted student to Master Splinter and the study of Ninjutsu.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leo wears a blue mask and wields two ninjakens, also known as ninjatō.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raphael is the tough, sarcastic bad boy of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raph wears a red mask and wields a pair of sais.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ \"Crazy in Love\" is a song by American singer Beyoncé featuring American rapper Jay-Z, from Beyoncé's debut solo studio album \"Dangerously in Love\" (2003).", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Both artists wrote and composed the song in collaboration with Rich Harrison and Eugene Record; the former also produced it with Beyoncé.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Using samples from The Chi-Lites's 1970 song \"Are You My Woman (Tell Me So)\", \"Crazy in Love\" is a contemporary R&B and pop love song that incorporates elements of hip hop, soul, and 1970s-style funk music.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Its lyrics describe a romantic obsession that causes the protagonist to act out of character.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"Crazy in Love\" as the lead single from \"Dangerously in Love\" on May 18, 2003.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Pancake __knowledge__ A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In Britain, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble a crêpe.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder).", "Pancake __knowledge__ American pancakes are similar to Scotch pancakes or drop scones.", "Pancake __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably the earliest and most widespread cereal food eaten in prehistoric societies.", "Pancake __knowledge__ The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza refers to several different styles of pizza developed in Chicago.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Arguably, the most famous of these is known as deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which gives a lot of space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ According to Tim Samuelson, Chicago's official cultural historian, there is not enough documentation to determine with certainty who invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ It is often reported that Chicago-style deep-dish pizza was invented at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago, in 1943, by Uno's founder Ike Sewell, a former University of Texas football star.", "Anglo-Saxons __knowledge__ The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century.", "Anglo-Saxons __knowledge__ They comprise people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the island from continental Europe, their descendants, and indigenous British groups who adopted some aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and language.", "Anglo-Saxons __knowledge__ Historically, the Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period in Britain between about 450 and 1066, after their initial settlement and up until the Norman conquest.", "Anglo-Saxons __knowledge__ The early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today, including regional government of shires and hundreds.", "Vulgate __knowledge__ The Vulgate () is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible that became the Catholic Church's officially promulgated Latin version of the Bible during the 16th century.", "Vulgate __knowledge__ The translation was largely the work of St Jerome, who in 382 had been commissioned by Pope Damasus I to revise the (\"Old Latin\") Gospels then in use by the Roman Church.", "Vulgate __knowledge__ Jerome, on his own initiative, extended this work of revision and translation to include most of the Books of the Bible, and once published, the new version was widely adopted and eventually eclipsed the ; so that by the 13th century, it took over from the former version the appellation of \"\"  (the \"version commonly used\") or for short, and in Greek as (\"Voulgata\").", "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle __knowledge__ The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons.", "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle __knowledge__ The original manuscript of the \"Chronicle\" was created late in the 9th century, probably in Wessex, during the reign of Alfred the Great (r. 871–899).", "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle __knowledge__ Multiple copies were made of that one original and then distributed to monasteries across England, where they were independently updated.", "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle __knowledge__ In one case, the \"Chronicle\" was still being actively updated in 1154.", "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle __knowledge__ Nine manuscripts survive in whole or in part, though not all are of equal historical value and none of them is the original version.", "Comma Johanneum __knowledge__ The Comma Johanneum, also called the Johannine Comma or the Heavenly Witnesses, is a comma (a short clause) found in Latin manuscripts of the First Epistle of John at .", "Comma Johanneum __knowledge__ The comma first appeared in the Vulgate manuscripts of the 9th century.", "Comma Johanneum __knowledge__ The first Greek manuscript that contains the comma dates from the 15th century.", "Comma Johanneum __knowledge__ The comma is absent from the Ethiopic, Aramaic, Syriac, Slavic, Armenian, Georgian, and Arabic translations of the Greek New Testament.", "Comma Johanneum __knowledge__ The scholarly consensus is that that passage is a Latin corruption that entered the Greek manuscript tradition in some subsequent copies.", "Comma Johanneum __knowledge__ As the comma does not appear in the manuscript tradition of other languages, the debate is mainly limited to the English-speaking world due to the King James Only movement.", "King James Version __knowledge__ The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed in 1611.", "King James Version __knowledge__ The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha (most of which correspond to books in the Vulgate Deuterocanon adhered to by Roman Catholics), and the 27 books of the New Testament.", "King James Version __knowledge__ It was first printed by the King's Printer Robert Barker and was the third translation into English approved by the English Church authorities.", "Byzantine navy __knowledge__ The Byzantine navy was the naval force of the East Roman or Byzantine Empire.", "Byzantine navy __knowledge__ Like the empire it served, it was a direct continuation from its Imperial Roman predecessor, but played a far greater role in the defence and survival of the state than its earlier iteration.", "Byzantine navy __knowledge__ While the fleets of the unified Roman Empire faced few great naval threats, operating as a policing force vastly inferior in power and prestige to the legions, the sea became vital to the very existence of the Byzantine state, which several historians have called a \"maritime empire\".", "Byzantine navy __knowledge__ The first threat to Roman hegemony in the Mediterranean was posed by the Vandals in the 5th century, but their threat was ended by the wars of Justinian I in the 6th century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Foie gras __knowledge__ Foie gras (, French for \"fat liver\") is a luxury food product made of the liver of a duck or goose that has been specially fattened.", "Foie gras __knowledge__ By French law, foie gras is defined as the liver of a duck or goose fattened by force-feeding corn with a feeding tube, a process also known as gavage.", "Foie gras __knowledge__ In Spain and other countries, it is occasionally produced using natural feeding.", "Foie gras __knowledge__ Ducks are force-fed twice a day for 12.5 days and geese three times a day for around 17 days.", "Foie gras __knowledge__ Ducks are typically slaughtered at 100 days and geese at 112 days.", "Foie gras __knowledge__ Foie gras is a popular and well-known delicacy in French cuisine.", "Foie gras __knowledge__ Its flavor is described as rich, buttery, and delicate, unlike that of an ordinary duck or goose liver.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Sausage __knowledge__ A sausage is a cylindrical meat product usually made from ground meat, often pork, beef, or veal, along with salt, spices and other flavourings, and breadcrumbs, encased by a skin.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Typically, a sausage is formed in a casing traditionally made from intestine, but sometimes from synthetic materials.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausages that are sold raw are cooked in many ways, including pan-frying, broiling and barbecuing.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Some sausages are cooked during processing and the casing may then be removed.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausage making is a traditional food preservation technique.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausages may be preserved by curing, drying (often in association with fermentation or culturing, which can contribute to preservation), smoking, or freezing.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell is an American chain of fast food restaurants based out of Irvine, California and a subsidiary of Yum!", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Brands, Inc.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ The restaurants serve a variety of Tex-Mex foods that include tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, novelty and specialty items, and a variety of \"value menu\" items.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ , Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion customers each year at 7,000 restaurants, more than 80 percent of which are owned and operated by independent franchisees and licensees.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell was founded by Glen Bell, who first opened a hot dog stand called Bell's Drive-In in San Bernardino, California in 1946 when he was 23 years old.", "Doritos __knowledge__ Doritos () is an American brand of flavored tortilla chips produced since 1964 by Frito-Lay, a wholly owned subsidiary of PepsiCo.", "Doritos __knowledge__ The original Doritos flavor is Nacho Cheese, though other flavors have since debuted for the company.", "Doritos __knowledge__ Doritos originated in a restaurant at Disneyland.", "Doritos __knowledge__ Doritos has also gained notoriety for its marketing campaigns, including many ads aired during the Super Bowl.", "Doritos __knowledge__ The original product was made at the Casa de Fritos (now Rancho Del Zocalo) at Disneyland in Anaheim, California, during the early 1960s.", "Doritos __knowledge__ Using surplus tortillas and taking the original idea from the traditional Mexican snack known as totopo, the company-owned restaurant cut them up, fried them, and added basic seasoning, resembling the Mexican chilaquiles, but in this case being dry.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ Del Taco is an American fast food restaurant chain which specializes in American-style Mexican cuisine as well as American foods such as burgers, fries, and shakes.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ Del Taco is led by CEO John D. Cappasola, Jr., and is headquartered in Lake Forest, California.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ The first Del Taco restaurant was opened by Ed Hackbarth and David Jameson in Yermo, California, on September 16, 1964.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ On the first day of business, Del Taco made $169.", "Del Taco __knowledge__ Success of the first restaurant led to two in Barstow, one in Needles, and a fifth restaurant in Corona (the first Del Taco with a drive-through window).", "Del Taco __knowledge__ Dick Naugle, who installed the kitchen equipment in the Corona store, was impressed by the design and joined Hackbarth and Jameson in the fledgling business.", "Papa John's Pizza __knowledge__ Papa John's Pizza is an American restaurant franchise company.", "Papa John's Pizza __knowledge__ It runs the third largest take-out and pizza delivery restaurant chain in the United States, with headquarters in Jeffersontown, Kentucky, a suburb of Louisville.", "Papa John's Pizza __knowledge__ The Papa John's restaurant was founded in 1984 when \"Papa\" John Schnatter knocked out a broom closet in the back of his father's tavern, Mick's Lounge, in Jeffersonville, Indiana.", "Papa John's Pizza __knowledge__ He then sold his 1971 Camaro Z28 to purchase US$1,600 worth of used pizza equipment and began selling pizzas to the tavern's customers out of the converted closet.", "Papa John's Pizza __knowledge__ His pizzas proved so popular that one year later he was able to move into an adjoining space.", "Taco Cabana __knowledge__ Taco Cabana is an American fast casual restaurant chain specializing in Mexican cuisine.", "Taco Cabana __knowledge__ A wholly owned subsidiary of Fiesta Restaurant Group, Inc, it is headquartered in San Antonio, Texas.", "Taco Cabana __knowledge__ As of September 2014 Taco Cabana had 166 locations throughout Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico.", "Taco Cabana __knowledge__ Most Taco Cabana restaurants have a drive-thru and many are open 24 hours a day.", "Taco Cabana __knowledge__ For most of the chain's history all locations were painted in the company's signature pink.", "Taco Cabana __knowledge__ Taco Cabana is known for its interior, semi-enclosed and patio dining areas.", "Taco Cabana __knowledge__ Most menu items are handmade daily on site in open display cooking areas including fajitas on an open-flame grill and tortillas made in-house.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., or Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ and formerly Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc., is an American fast food company.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ A Fortune 500 corporation, Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ operates the brands Taco Bell, KFC, Pizza Hut, and WingStreet worldwide, except in China, where the brands are operated by a separate company, Yum China.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Prior to 2011, Yum!", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ owned Long John Silver's and A&W Restaurants.", "Yum! Brands __knowledge__ Based in Louisville, Kentucky, it is one of the world's largest fast food restaurant companies in terms of system units—with 43,617 restaurants (including 2,859 that are company-owned and 40,758 that are franchised) around the world in over 135 countries and territories.", "Blackjack Pizza __knowledge__ Blackjack Pizza is a Colorado-based pizza delivery chain founded in 1983 by a former Domino's Pizza employee, Vince Schmuhl, because Domino's Pizza was the only major pizza delivery company in the Rocky Mountain region and he thought customers would appreciate an alternative.", "Blackjack Pizza __knowledge__ The pizza chain is the largest in Colorado with 800 employees, some of whom work part-time.", "Blackjack Pizza __knowledge__ On January 1, 2013, Blackjack Pizza was acquired by Askar Brands.", "Blackjack Pizza __knowledge__ The first Blackjack Pizza store opened June 29, 1983 in Federal Heights with a second store opening in Greeley by February 1984.", "Blackjack Pizza __knowledge__ By 1986, Blackjack grew to six corporate stores and one franchisee.", "Sure Love (Jarryd James song) __knowledge__ \"Sure Love\" is a single by Australian singer-songwriter Jarryd James.", "Sure Love (Jarryd James song) __knowledge__ It was released on August 4, 2015 and is the fourth single taken from James' debut studio album, \"Thirty One\".", "Sure Love (Jarryd James song) __knowledge__ The track was produced by Malay who's previously worked with Frank Ocean.", "Sure Love (Jarryd James song) __knowledge__ Outside of Australia the song was promoted alongside the \"Jarryd James\" (EP).", "Sure Love (Jarryd James song) __knowledge__ Aliyah Allen of Notion Magazine said:\"\"Sure Love\" is a beautiful track in its entirety; consisting of a smooth, mellow beat and accompanied with soul-infused, RnB vocals, it makes for laid back listening.", "Sure Love (Jarryd James song) __knowledge__ With similar sounds to James Blake and Louis Mattrs, Jarryd’s range is one to be reckoned with.\"", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "You Sure Love to Ball __knowledge__ \"You Sure Love to Ball\" is a song released by American recording artist Marvin Gaye.", "You Sure Love to Ball __knowledge__ Released on January 2, 1974, it was the third and final single to be released from Gaye's acclaimed album, \"Let's Get It On\".", "You Sure Love to Ball __knowledge__ Unlike most of the material on \"Let's Get It On\", which focused more on romance music including a brief social plea (\"Keep Gettin' It On\"), this song focused entirely on the sexual portion of its subject.", "You Sure Love to Ball __knowledge__ The song starts off with a rhythm section including guitars, a bass and drums and a saxophone solo.", "You Sure Love to Ball __knowledge__ In the middle of the solo, induced moans can be heard from a couple before Gaye finally begins singing the lyrics.", "Let's Get It On __knowledge__ Let's Get It On is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Marvin Gaye.", "Let's Get It On __knowledge__ It was released on August 28, 1973, by Tamla Records.", "Let's Get It On __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during June 1970 to July 1973 at Hitsville U.S.A. and Golden World Studio in Detroit, and at Hitsville West in Los Angeles.", "Let's Get It On __knowledge__ Serving as Gaye's first venture into the funk genre and romance-themed music, \"Let's Get It On\" incorporates smooth soul, doo-wop, and quiet storm.", "Let's Get It On __knowledge__ It has been noted by critics for its sexually suggestive lyrics, and was cited by one writer as \"one of the most sexually charged albums ever recorded\".", "Fast food __knowledge__ Fast food is a mass-produced food that is prepared and served very quickly.", "Fast food __knowledge__ The food is typically less nutritionally valuable compared to other foods and dishes.", "Fast food __knowledge__ While any meal with low preparation time can be considered fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with frozen, preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are traditionally distinguished by their ability to serve food via a drive-through.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, or fast food restaurants (also known as \"quick service restaurants\").", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"" ] ]

[ 3, 2, 7, 7 ]

[ "It was in the 10th century that the actual word \"pizza\" was first recorded! It was in a Latin manuscript.", "Many toppings are popular! Including vegetables and meats! My preference is pepperoni and onions!", "Interestingly, pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world! I know that *I* sure love it!", "It's a tough decision! But pizza is the most common fast food item in Europe and North America" ]

[ "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza" ]

[ "Overweight\nI'm feeling a bit chubby but I just got a new gym membership so that should help.", "Oh yeah that makes sense. I know the abdominal muscles break down when you have a baby so that doesn't help.", "That's really good having a baby is so tough and it must be hard seeing celebrities lose that weight fast. Not realistic.", "I know how they do it it's money and education the working class can't afford a trainer or knows how to eat right." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overweight __knowledge__ Being overweight or fat is having more body fat than is optimally healthy.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Being overweight is especially common where food supplies are plentiful and lifestyles are sedentary.", "Overweight __knowledge__ , excess weight reached epidemic proportions globally, with more than 1 billion adults being either overweight or obese.", "Overweight __knowledge__ In 2013 this increased to more than 2 billion.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Increases have been observed across all age groups.", "Overweight __knowledge__ A healthy body requires a minimum amount of fat for proper functioning of the hormonal, reproductive, and immune systems, as thermal insulation, as shock absorption for sensitive areas, and as energy for future use.", "Overweight __knowledge__ But the accumulation of too much storage fat can impair movement, flexibility, and alter the appearance of the body.", "Overweight __knowledge__ The degree to which a person is overweight is generally described by the body mass index (BMI).", "Overweight __knowledge__ \"Overweight\" is defined as a BMI of 25 or more, thus it includes pre-obesity defined as a BMI between 25 and 30 and obesity as defined by a BMI of 30 or more.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Pre-obese and overweight however are often used interchangeably, thus giving overweight a common definition of a BMI of between 25–30.", "Overweight __knowledge__ There are, however, several other common ways to measure the amount of adiposity or fat present in an individual's body.", "Chubby Checker __knowledge__ Chubby Checker (born Ernest Evans; October 3, 1941) is an American singer and dancer.", "Chubby Checker __knowledge__ He is widely known for popularizing the twist dance style, with his 1960 hit cover of Hank Ballard's R&B hit \"The Twist\".", "Chubby Checker __knowledge__ In September 2008 \"The Twist\" topped \"Billboard's\" list of the most popular singles to have appeared in the Hot 100 since its debut in 1958, an honor it maintained for an August 2013 update of the list.", "Chubby Checker __knowledge__ He also popularized the Limbo Rock and its trademark limbo dance, as well as various dance styles such as The Fly.", "Chubby Checker __knowledge__ Checker is the only recording artist to place five albums in the Top 12 at once.", "Hoosier Gym __knowledge__ The Historic Hoosier Gym, located in Knightstown, Indiana, is most famous for being the central location for the 1986 basketball movie \"Hoosiers\", starring Gene Hackman and Dennis Hopper.", "Hoosier Gym __knowledge__ The gym has kept the same look as it did when the movie was filmed 30 years ago and has been turned into a museum and community center.", "Hoosier Gym __knowledge__ In 1920, the Knightstown Community School had no gymnasium.", "Hoosier Gym __knowledge__ Basketball games were held in Bell's Hall above Jolly's Drugstore and in the basement gym of the Presbyterian Church.", "Hoosier Gym __knowledge__ In February 1921, a half-dozen Knightstown businessmen met to discuss the fact that Knightstown was lagging behind other towns in the development of a children's athletic education.", "List of Pokémon Adventures characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters featured in the \"Pokémon Adventures\" manga.", "List of Pokémon Adventures characters __knowledge__ is a Trainer who starts off in Pallet Town as an aspiring trainer with a Poliwhirl which later evolved into Poliwrath, believing himself to be superior to his peers.", "List of Pokémon Adventures characters __knowledge__ He starts his Pokémon journey with a Bulbasaur he received from Professor Oak, which evolved into Ivysaur and later Venusaur.", "List of Pokémon Adventures characters __knowledge__ He is rivals with Professor Oak's grandson, Blue.", "List of Pokémon Adventures characters __knowledge__ In the first arc, Red suffered his first overwhelming defeat when he failed to capture the mysterious Mew, leading him to Professor Oak for advice on becoming a better Pokémon trainer.", "Lake Shore High School __knowledge__ Lake Shore High School is a high school located in the lakefront community of St. Clair Shores, Michigan.", "Lake Shore High School __knowledge__ The school, a part of Lake Shore Public Schools, serves grades 9–12.", "Lake Shore High School __knowledge__ The mascot for Lake Shore is the Shorian.", "Lake Shore High School __knowledge__ Lake Shore High School offers training in CAD, dental careers, web design and video production along with college advance placement classes and dual enrollment.", "Lake Shore High School __knowledge__ Lake Shore High School, along with all of the other district schools have been remodeled, equipped and technologically upgraded to serve students in an environment suited for the 21st century.", "Lake Shore High School __knowledge__ Janelle Bross is the current principal with John Hartley and Todd Stevens as the current assistant principals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "World Gym __knowledge__ World Gym International is an American fitness center founded in 1976 by Joe Gold during the glory days of \"Muscle Beach\" in Venice Beach, California.", "World Gym __knowledge__ Joe Gold is also the founder of Gold's Gym, another globally leading gym, which he sold in 1973.", "World Gym __knowledge__ The gym was often frequented by celebrities and famous bodybuilders such as Arnold Schwarzenegger, Lou Ferrigno and Dave Draper.", "World Gym __knowledge__ Since that time, World Gym has evolved into an internationally recognized brand.", "World Gym __knowledge__ World Gym currently has approximately over 220 franchises worldwide located across six continents, 20 countries, and territories.", "World Gym __knowledge__ Currently owned by the Cammilleri family, their plans include further global expansion of the franchise network and the opening of regional flagship gyms.", "Hooked: Muscle Women __knowledge__ Hooked: Muscle Women was a 2008 MSNBC documentary focused on professional female bodybuilding.", "Hooked: Muscle Women __knowledge__ The primary focuses of the documentary is on two International Federation of BodyBuilders (IFBB) pro bodybuilders, Colette Nelson and Kristy Hawkins and their competing in the 2008 Ms. International.", "Hooked: Muscle Women __knowledge__ The documentary also features Teresita Morales a World Natural Bodybuilding Federation (WNBF) pro natural female bodybuilder who competes in the 2008 World Championships.", "Hooked: Muscle Women __knowledge__ Kristy Hawkins, of Pasadena, California, is a 27-year-old professional female bodybuilder.", "Hooked: Muscle Women __knowledge__ Since she was 17 years old, she had competed as an amateur bodybuilder." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overweight __knowledge__ Being overweight or fat is having more body fat than is optimally healthy.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Being overweight is especially common where food supplies are plentiful and lifestyles are sedentary.", "Overweight __knowledge__ , excess weight reached epidemic proportions globally, with more than 1 billion adults being either overweight or obese.", "Overweight __knowledge__ In 2013 this increased to more than 2 billion.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Increases have been observed across all age groups.", "Overweight __knowledge__ A healthy body requires a minimum amount of fat for proper functioning of the hormonal, reproductive, and immune systems, as thermal insulation, as shock absorption for sensitive areas, and as energy for future use.", "Overweight __knowledge__ But the accumulation of too much storage fat can impair movement, flexibility, and alter the appearance of the body.", "Overweight __knowledge__ The degree to which a person is overweight is generally described by the body mass index (BMI).", "Overweight __knowledge__ \"Overweight\" is defined as a BMI of 25 or more, thus it includes pre-obesity defined as a BMI between 25 and 30 and obesity as defined by a BMI of 30 or more.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Pre-obese and overweight however are often used interchangeably, thus giving overweight a common definition of a BMI of between 25–30.", "Overweight __knowledge__ There are, however, several other common ways to measure the amount of adiposity or fat present in an individual's body.", "Abdominal exercise __knowledge__ Abdominal exercises are those that affect the abdominal muscles (colloquially known as the stomach muscles or \"abs\").", "Abdominal exercise __knowledge__ Abdominal exercises are useful for building the abdominal muscles.", "Abdominal exercise __knowledge__ This is useful for improving performance with certain sports, back pain, and for withstanding abdominal impacts (e.g., taking punches).", "Abdominal exercise __knowledge__ According to a 2011 study, abdominal muscle exercises are known to increase the strength and endurance of the abdominal muscles.", "Abdominal exercise __knowledge__ It has been highly disputed whether or not abdominal exercises have any reducing effect on abdominal fat.", "Abdominal exercise __knowledge__ The aforementioned 2011 study found that abdominal exercise does not reduce abdominal fat; to achieve that, a deficit in energy expenditure and caloric intake must be created—abdominal exercises alone are not enough to reduce abdominal fat and the girth of the abdomen.", "Abdomen __knowledge__ The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates.", "Abdomen __knowledge__ The region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity.", "Abdomen __knowledge__ In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax.", "Abdomen __knowledge__ The abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim.", "Abdomen __knowledge__ The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic inlet.", "Abdomen __knowledge__ The space above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity.", "Respiratory system __knowledge__ The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.", "Respiratory system __knowledge__ The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary history.", "Respiratory system __knowledge__ In land animals the respiratory surface is internalized as linings of the lungs.", "Respiratory system __knowledge__ Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in millions of small air sacs called alveoli in mammals and reptiles, but atria in birds.", "Respiratory system __knowledge__ These microscopic air sacs have a very rich blood supply, thus bringing the air into close contact with the blood.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" is a single released in 1985 by the Swiss band Yello and featured on their album \"Stella\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song features a mix of electronic music and manipulated vocals.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song gained popularity after being featured in the films \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and \"The Secret of My Success\", among other films.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It has become an iconic anthem of the 1980s, and used to metaphorically represent lust (in various forms) and cocaine.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It is a popular staple in movies, television and commercials.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Its 1987 re-released version features the extra lyrics: \"such a good time / a really good time\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Describing the composition of \"Oh Yeah,\" Blank said, \"First I did the music and then I invited Dieter to sing along, and he came up with some lines which I thought, 'no Dieter, it's too complicated, we don't need that many lyrics'.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ Stella is the fourth studio album by the Swiss electronic band Yello, first released in Germany, Switzerland and Austria on 29 January 1985, and in the UK and US in March 1985.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ It was the first album made by the band without founder member Carlos Perón, and with his departure the remaining duo of Boris Blank and Dieter Meier began to move away from experimental electronic sounds towards a more commercial synthpop and cinematic soundtrack style.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ As well as becoming the first album ever by a Swiss group to top the Swiss album chart, it was the band's breakthrough album internationally, helped by the success of the song \"Oh Yeah\", which gained the band worldwide attention the following year after it was prominently featured in the 1986 film \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and then a year later in \"The Secret of My Success\".", "Diastasis recti __knowledge__ Diastasis recti (also known as abdominal separation) is commonly defined as a gap of roughly 2.7 cm or greater between the two sides of the rectus abdominis muscle.", "Diastasis recti __knowledge__ This condition has no associated morbidity or mortality.", "Diastasis recti __knowledge__ The distance between the right and left rectus abdominis muscles is created by the stretching of the linea alba, a connective collagen sheath created by the aponeurosis insertions of the transverse abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique.", "Diastasis recti __knowledge__ Diastasis of this muscle occurs principally in two populations: newborns and pregnant women.", "Diastasis recti __knowledge__ It is also known to occur in men.", "Diastasis recti __knowledge__ A diastasis recti may appear as a ridge running down the midline of the abdomen, anywhere from the xiphoid process to the umbilicus.", "Body fat percentage __knowledge__ The body fat percentage (BFP) of a human or other living being is the total mass of fat divided by total body mass, times 100; body fat includes essential body fat and storage body fat.", "Body fat percentage __knowledge__ Essential body fat is necessary to maintain life and reproductive functions.", "Body fat percentage __knowledge__ The percentage of essential body fat for women is greater than that for men, due to the demands of childbearing and other hormonal functions.", "Body fat percentage __knowledge__ The percentage of essential fat is 2–5% in men, and 10–13% in women (referenced through NASM).", "Body fat percentage __knowledge__ Storage body fat consists of fat accumulation in adipose tissue, part of which protects internal organs in the chest and abdomen.", "Classification of obesity __knowledge__ Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it has an adverse effect on health.", "Classification of obesity __knowledge__ Relative weight and body mass index (BMI) are nearly identical and are reasonable estimates of body fatness as measured by percentage body fat.", "Classification of obesity __knowledge__ However, BMI does not account for the wide variation in body fat distribution, and may not correspond to the same degree of fatness or associated health risk in different individuals and populations.", "Classification of obesity __knowledge__ Other measurements of fat distribution include the waist–hip ratio and body fat percentage.", "Classification of obesity __knowledge__ Normal weight obesity is a condition of having normal body weight, but high body fat percentages with the same health risks of obesity.", "Android fat distribution __knowledge__ Android fat distribution describes the distribution of human adipose tissue mainly around the trunk and upper body, in areas such as the abdomen, chest, shoulder and nape of the neck.", "Android fat distribution __knowledge__ This pattern may lead to an \"apple-shaped\" body or central obesity, and is more common in males than in females.", "Android fat distribution __knowledge__ Thus, the android fat distribution of men is about 48.6%, which is 10.3% higher than that of premenstrual women.", "Android fat distribution __knowledge__ In other cases, an ovoid shape forms which does not differentiate between men and women.", "Android fat distribution __knowledge__ Generally during early adulthood, females tend to have a more peripheral fat distribution such that their fat is evenly distributed over their body.", "Buttock augmentation __knowledge__ Gluteoplasty (Greek \"gloutόs\", rump + \"plassein\", to shape) denotes the plastic surgery and the liposuction procedures for the correction of the congenital, traumatic, and acquired defects and deformities of the buttocks and the anatomy of the gluteal region; and for the aesthetic enhancement (by augmentation or by reduction) of the contour of the buttocks.", "Buttock augmentation __knowledge__ The corrective procedures for buttcock augmentation and buttcock repair include the surgical emplacement of a gluteal implant (buttock prosthesis); liposculpture (fat transfer and liposuction); and body contouring (surgery and liposculpture) to resolve the patient’s particular defect or deformity of the gluteal region.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ In biology, adipose tissue , body fat, or simply fat is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ In addition to adipocytes, adipose tissue contains the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells including preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and a variety of immune cells such as adipose tissue macrophages.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ Adipose tissue is derived from preadipocytes.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ Its main role is to store energy in the form of lipids, although it also cushions and insulates the body.", "Adipose tissue __knowledge__ Far from being hormonally inert, adipose tissue has, in recent years, been recognized as a major endocrine organ, as it produces hormones such as leptin, estrogen, resistin, and the cytokine TNFα.", "Body mass index __knowledge__ The body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet index is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of an individual.", "Body mass index __knowledge__ The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is universally expressed in units of kg/m, resulting from mass in kilograms and height in metres.", "Body mass index __knowledge__ The BMI may also be determined using a table or chart which displays BMI as a function of mass and height using contour lines or colours for different BMI categories, and which may use other units of measurement (converted to metric units for the calculation).", "Body mass index __knowledge__ The BMI is an attempt to quantify the amount of tissue mass (muscle, fat, and bone) in an individual, and then categorize that person as \"underweight\", \"normal weight\", \"overweight\", or \"obese\" based on that value.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overweight __knowledge__ Being overweight or fat is having more body fat than is optimally healthy.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Being overweight is especially common where food supplies are plentiful and lifestyles are sedentary.", "Overweight __knowledge__ , excess weight reached epidemic proportions globally, with more than 1 billion adults being either overweight or obese.", "Overweight __knowledge__ In 2013 this increased to more than 2 billion.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Increases have been observed across all age groups.", "Overweight __knowledge__ A healthy body requires a minimum amount of fat for proper functioning of the hormonal, reproductive, and immune systems, as thermal insulation, as shock absorption for sensitive areas, and as energy for future use.", "Overweight __knowledge__ But the accumulation of too much storage fat can impair movement, flexibility, and alter the appearance of the body.", "Overweight __knowledge__ The degree to which a person is overweight is generally described by the body mass index (BMI).", "Overweight __knowledge__ \"Overweight\" is defined as a BMI of 25 or more, thus it includes pre-obesity defined as a BMI between 25 and 30 and obesity as defined by a BMI of 30 or more.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Pre-obese and overweight however are often used interchangeably, thus giving overweight a common definition of a BMI of between 25–30.", "Overweight __knowledge__ There are, however, several other common ways to measure the amount of adiposity or fat present in an individual's body.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Bodyweight exercise __knowledge__ Bodyweight exercises are strength training exercises that do not require free weights or machines as the individual's own weight provides resistance against gravity.", "Bodyweight exercise __knowledge__ It is recognised that bodyweight exercises can enhance a range of biomotor abilities including strength, power, endurance, speed, flexibility, coordination and balance.", "Bodyweight exercise __knowledge__ This type of strength training has grown in popularity for both recreational and professional athletes, with a range of sports disciplines using bodyweight resistance training as part of their fitness programs.", "Bodyweight exercise __knowledge__ Bodyweight training utilises simple abilities such as pushing, pulling, squatting, bending, twisting and balancing.", "David Sneddon __knowledge__ David Sneddon (born 15 September 1978) is a Scottish singer, songwriter, musician and music producer of contemporary pop music.", "David Sneddon __knowledge__ He took an unusual route into the music business via performing on stage and television and singing lead roles in stage musicals in Glasgow.", "David Sneddon __knowledge__ He went on in 2002 to win the first series of the BBC's music competition \"Fame Academy.\"", "David Sneddon __knowledge__ He released his first single \"Stop Living the Lie\" in 2003 which was a number one hit single selling over 250,000 copies, making it the 12th highest selling single of 2003.", "David Sneddon __knowledge__ Sneddon's debut album \"Seven Years – Ten Weeks\" released in April 2003, reached No.5 in the UK Albums Chart.", "Weight training __knowledge__ Weight training is a common type of strength training for developing the strength and size of skeletal muscles.", "Weight training __knowledge__ It utilizes the force of gravity in the form of weighted bars, dumbbells or weight stacks in order to oppose the force generated by muscle through concentric or eccentric contraction.", "Weight training __knowledge__ Weight training uses a variety of specialized to target specific muscle groups and types of movement.", "Weight training __knowledge__ Sports where strength training is central are bodybuilding, weightlifting, powerlifting, and strongman, highland games, shot put, discus throw, and javelin throw.", "Weight training __knowledge__ Many other sports use strength training as part of their training regimen, notably: American football, baseball, basketball, football, hockey, lacrosse, mixed martial arts, rowing, rugby league, rugby union, track and field, and wrestling.", "Abdominal exercise __knowledge__ Abdominal exercises are those that affect the abdominal muscles (colloquially known as the stomach muscles or \"abs\").", "Abdominal exercise __knowledge__ Abdominal exercises are useful for building the abdominal muscles.", "Abdominal exercise __knowledge__ This is useful for improving performance with certain sports, back pain, and for withstanding abdominal impacts (e.g., taking punches).", "Abdominal exercise __knowledge__ According to a 2011 study, abdominal muscle exercises are known to increase the strength and endurance of the abdominal muscles.", "Abdominal exercise __knowledge__ It has been highly disputed whether or not abdominal exercises have any reducing effect on abdominal fat.", "Abdominal exercise __knowledge__ The aforementioned 2011 study found that abdominal exercise does not reduce abdominal fat; to achieve that, a deficit in energy expenditure and caloric intake must be created—abdominal exercises alone are not enough to reduce abdominal fat and the girth of the abdomen.", "Respiratory system __knowledge__ The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.", "Respiratory system __knowledge__ The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary history.", "Respiratory system __knowledge__ In land animals the respiratory surface is internalized as linings of the lungs.", "Respiratory system __knowledge__ Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in millions of small air sacs called alveoli in mammals and reptiles, but atria in birds.", "Respiratory system __knowledge__ These microscopic air sacs have a very rich blood supply, thus bringing the air into close contact with the blood.", "Strength training __knowledge__ Strength training is a type of physical exercise specializing in the use of resistance to induce muscular contraction which builds the strength, anaerobic endurance, and size of skeletal muscles.", "Strength training __knowledge__ When properly performed, strength training can provide significant functional benefits and improvement in overall health and well-being, including increased bone, muscle, tendon, and ligament strength and toughness, improved joint function, reduced potential for injury, increased bone density, increased metabolism, increased fitness and improved cardiac function.", "Strength training __knowledge__ Training commonly uses the technique of progressively increasing the force output of the muscle through incremental weight increases and uses a variety of exercises and types of to target specific muscle groups.", "Human leg __knowledge__ The human leg, in the general meaning, is the entire lower limb of the human body, including the foot, thigh and even the hip or gluteal region.", "Human leg __knowledge__ However, the definition in human anatomy refers only to the section of the lower limb extending from the knee to the ankle, also known as the crus.", "Human leg __knowledge__ Legs are used for standing, and all forms of locomotion including recreational such as dancing, and constitute a significant portion of a person's mass.", "Human leg __knowledge__ Female legs generally have greater hip anteversion and tibiofemoral angles, but shorter femur and tibial lengths than those in males.", "Human leg __knowledge__ In human anatomy, the lower leg is the part of the lower limb that lies between the knee and the ankle." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Overweight __knowledge__ Being overweight or fat is having more body fat than is optimally healthy.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Being overweight is especially common where food supplies are plentiful and lifestyles are sedentary.", "Overweight __knowledge__ , excess weight reached epidemic proportions globally, with more than 1 billion adults being either overweight or obese.", "Overweight __knowledge__ In 2013 this increased to more than 2 billion.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Increases have been observed across all age groups.", "Overweight __knowledge__ A healthy body requires a minimum amount of fat for proper functioning of the hormonal, reproductive, and immune systems, as thermal insulation, as shock absorption for sensitive areas, and as energy for future use.", "Overweight __knowledge__ But the accumulation of too much storage fat can impair movement, flexibility, and alter the appearance of the body.", "Overweight __knowledge__ The degree to which a person is overweight is generally described by the body mass index (BMI).", "Overweight __knowledge__ \"Overweight\" is defined as a BMI of 25 or more, thus it includes pre-obesity defined as a BMI between 25 and 30 and obesity as defined by a BMI of 30 or more.", "Overweight __knowledge__ Pre-obese and overweight however are often used interchangeably, thus giving overweight a common definition of a BMI of between 25–30.", "Overweight __knowledge__ There are, however, several other common ways to measure the amount of adiposity or fat present in an individual's body.", "Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics __knowledge__ The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is the United States' largest organization of food and nutrition professionals, and represents over 100,000 credentialed practitioners — registered dietitian nutritionists, dietetic technicians, registered, and other dietetics professionals holding undergraduate and advanced degrees in nutrition and dietetics.", "Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics __knowledge__ After nearly 100 years as the American Dietetic Association, the organization officially changed its name to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics in 2012.", "Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics __knowledge__ The organization's members are primarily registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) and nutrition and dietetic technicians, registered (NDTR) as well as many researchers, educators, students, nurses, physicians, pharmacists, clinical and community dietetics professionals, consultants and food service managers.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "Napoleon III __knowledge__ Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the nephew and heir of Napoleon I.", "Napoleon III __knowledge__ He was the first Head of State of France to hold the title of President, the first elected by a direct popular vote, and the youngest until the election of Emmanuel Macron in 2017.", "Napoleon III __knowledge__ Barred by the Constitution and Parliament from running for a second term, he organized a \"coup d'état\" in 1851 and then took the throne as Napoleon III on 2 December 1852, the forty-eighth anniversary of his uncle's coronation.", "Napoleon III __knowledge__ He remains the longest-serving French head of state since the French Revolution.", "Capital, Volume I __knowledge__ Capital.", "Capital, Volume I __knowledge__ Volume I: The Process of Production of Capital () is an 1867 economics book by German philosopher Karl Marx.", "Capital, Volume I __knowledge__ In this, the only part of Marx's multi-volume \"\" to be published during his lifetime, Marx critiques capitalism chiefly from the standpoint of its production processes.", "Capital, Volume I __knowledge__ After Marx's death, Friedrich Engels compiled and expanded his friend's notes into volumes \"II\" (1885) and \"III\" (1894).", "Capital, Volume I __knowledge__ In the years since its publication \"Capital.", "Capital, Volume I __knowledge__ Volume I\" has come to be considered as a major work of modern economic thought, alongside the likes of Smith's \"The Wealth of Nations\" (1776) and Keynes's \"General Theory\" (1936).", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics __knowledge__ The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) is a union of wage workers which was formed in Chicago in 1905 by militant unionists and their supporters due to anger over the conservatism, philosophy, and craft-based structure of the American Federation of Labor (AFL).", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics __knowledge__ Throughout the early part of the Twentieth century the philosophy and tactics of the Industrial Workers of the World were frequently in direct conflict with those of the American Federation of Labor (forerunner of the AFL-CIO) concerning the best ways to organize workers, and how to best improve the society in which they toiled.", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics __knowledge__ The AFL had one guiding principle—\"pure and simple trade unionism\", often summarized with the slogan \"a fair day's pay for a fair day's work.\"", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity branding or celebrity endorsement is a form of advertising campaign or marketing strategy used by brands, companies, or a non-profit organization which involves celebrities or a well-known person using their social status or their fame to help promote a product, service or even raise awareness on environmental or social matters.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Marketers use celebrity endorsers in hopes that the positive images of the celebrity endorser of the brand will also be passed on to the products or the brand image associated with the celebrities.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity endorsement is usually commonly used by fashion or beauty brands, but a non-profit organization relies on celebrities as well, as celebrities have mass communication skills which can attract people's attention and is helpful in reaching a wider audience to raise their awareness towards a certain organization or an issue.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ The \"Ranma ½\" manga series features a cast of characters created by Rumiko Takahashi.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ The story revolves around the Japanese teenage boy Ranma Saotome who has trained in martial arts since early childhood.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ As a result of an accident during a training journey in China, he is cursed to become a girl when splashed with cold water, while hot water changes him back into a boy.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ Throughout the series Ranma seeks out a way to rid his curse, while his friends, enemies and many fiancées constantly hinder and interfere.", "List of Ranma ½ characters __knowledge__ Many of the characters are similarly cursed to turn into animals or other creatures when splashed and are skilled in different and unusual types of martial arts.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Advertising to children is the act of marketing or [advertising] products or services to children as defined by national legislation and advertising standards.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ It is often the subject of debate, relating to the alleged influence on children’s consumption.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Laws concerning such advertisements have largely evolved in recent years.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In most countries, advertising for children is framed by a mix of legislation and advertising self-regulation.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In the nineteenth century, the compulsory education of children was established.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Consequently, children began to be targeted by an increasing number of publications.Commercial appeals to children, however, did not become commonplace until the advent and widespread adoption of television and grew exponentially with the advent of cable television.", "Institutional racism __knowledge__ Institutional racism (also known as institutionalized racism) is a form of racism expressed in the practice of social and political institutions.", "Institutional racism __knowledge__ Institutional racism is also racism by individuals or informal social groups, governed by behavioral norms that support racist thinking and foment active racism.", "Institutional racism __knowledge__ It is reflected in disparities regarding wealth, income, criminal justice, employment, housing, health care, political power and education, among other things.", "Institutional racism __knowledge__ Whether implicitly or explicitly expressed, institutional racism occurs when a certain group is targeted and discriminated against based upon race.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Peer pressure __knowledge__ Peer pressure (or social pressure) is the direct influence on people by peers, or the effect on an individual who gets encouraged to follow their peers by changing their attitudes, values or behaviors to conform to those of the influencing group or individual.", "Peer pressure __knowledge__ This type of pressure differs from general social pressure because it causes an individual to change in response to a feeling of being pressured or influenced from a peer or peer group.", "Peer pressure __knowledge__ Social groups affected include both \"membership groups\", in which individuals are \"formally\" members (such as political parties and trade unions), and cliques, in which membership is not clearly defined." ] ]

[ 1, 13, 5, 44 ]

[ "I be feeling like that at times to but I just had a baby so I know it's just a little bit of body fat then usual.", "The abdominal is the worst especially when the baby get big and the pressure builds up but I do some exercises that help build the muscles. ", "I hate it I be looking like now how do you do that like you gain a good amount of weight and it is observed across most of the celebrity's of all age groups. ", "You are right and I just hate when these marketers for diets use celebrity's to try to make us think they lost the weight off their product but it is just another way for the company to make money and promote." ]

[ "Overweight", "Overweight", "Overweight", "Overweight" ]

[ "Metallica\nMy favorite band is Metallica.", "Me too. LA is a great place and great weather i guess", "I am unable to choose. All their albums are great. I haven't listened to their third album though", "You are right. I should look for it." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band was formed in 1981 by drummer Lars Ulrich and vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding \"big four\" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who formed Megadeth) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica earned a growing fan base in the underground music community and won critical acclaim with its first five albums.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's third album, \"Master of Puppets\" (1986), was described as one of the heaviest and most influential thrash metal albums; its eponymous fifth album, \"Metallica\" (1991), the band's first to root predominantly in heavy metal, appealed to a more mainstream audience, achieving substantial commercial success and selling over 16 million copies in the United States to date, making it the best-selling album of the SoundScan era.", "Metallica __knowledge__ After experimenting with different genres and directions in subsequent releases, the band returned to its thrash metal roots with the release of its ninth album, \"Death Magnetic\" (2008), which drew similar praise to that of the band's earlier albums.", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ Metallica (commonly known as The Black Album) is the self-titled fifth studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica.", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ Released on August 12, 1991 by Elektra Records, it received widespread critical acclaim and became the band's best-selling album.", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ \"Metallica\" produced five singles that are considered to be among the band's best-known songs, which include \"Enter Sandman\", \"The Unforgiven\", \"Nothing Else Matters\", \"Wherever I May Roam\", and \"Sad but True\".", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ A sixth song, \"Don't Tread on Me\", was also issued to rock radio shortly after the album's release, but the song did not receive a commercial single release.", "Lars Ulrich __knowledge__ Lars Ulrich (; ; born December 26, 1963) is a Danish musician, songwriter, actor, and record producer.", "Lars Ulrich __knowledge__ He is best known as the drummer and co-founder of the American heavy metal band Metallica.", "Lars Ulrich __knowledge__ The son of tennis player Torben Ulrich and grandson of tennis player Einer Ulrich, he also played tennis in his youth and moved to Los Angeles at age 16 to train professionally.", "Lars Ulrich __knowledge__ However, rather than playing tennis, Ulrich began playing the drums.", "Lars Ulrich __knowledge__ After publishing an advertisement in \"The Recycler\", Ulrich met vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield and formed Metallica.", "Lars Ulrich __knowledge__ Ulrich was born into an upper-middle-class family in Gentofte, Denmark the son of Lone (\"née\" Sylvester-Hvid) and professional tennis player Torben Ulrich.", "Ride the Lightning __knowledge__ Ride the Lightning is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released on July 27, 1984, by the independent record label Megaforce Records.", "Ride the Lightning __knowledge__ The album was recorded in three weeks with producer Flemming Rasmussen at the Sweet Silence Studios in Copenhagen, Denmark.", "Ride the Lightning __knowledge__ The artwork, based on a concept by the band, depicts an electric chair being struck by lightning flowing from the band logo.", "Ride the Lightning __knowledge__ The title was taken from a passage in Stephen King's novel \"The Stand\".", "Ride the Lightning __knowledge__ Although rooted in the thrash metal genre, the album showcased the band's musical growth and lyrical sophistication.", "Guitar Hero: Metallica __knowledge__ Guitar Hero: Metallica is a music rhythm game developed by Neversoft, published by Activision and distributed by RedOctane.", "Guitar Hero: Metallica __knowledge__ The game was released in North America on the PlayStation 3, Wii, and Xbox 360 on March 29, 2009 and on PlayStation 2 on April 14, 2009, with an Australian and European release in May 2009.", "Guitar Hero: Metallica __knowledge__ \"Guitar Hero: Metallica\" is the second game of the \"Guitar Hero\" series to focus on the career and songs of one band following \"\".", "Guitar Hero: Metallica __knowledge__ The game is based on \"Guitar Hero World Tour\", with support for lead and bass guitar, drums, and vocals.", "Guitar Hero: Metallica __knowledge__ The game has many of the same features from \"World Tour\", including single-player and band Career modes, online competitive modes, and the ability to create and share songs through \"GHTunes\".", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ Master of Puppets is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ It was released on March 3, 1986 by Elektra Records.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ Recorded at the Sweet Silence Studios with producer Flemming Rasmussen, it was the first Metallica album released on a major record label.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ \"Master of Puppets\" was the band's last album to feature bassist Cliff Burton, who died in a bus accident in Sweden during the album's promotional tour.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ The album peaked at number 29 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and became the first thrash metal album to be certified platinum.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ It was certified 6× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 2003 for shipping six million copies in the United States.", "Kill 'Em All __knowledge__ Kill 'Em All is the debut studio album by the American heavy metal band Metallica, released on July 25, 1983, by the independent record label Megaforce Records.", "Kill 'Em All __knowledge__ \"Kill 'Em All\" is regarded as a groundbreaking album for thrash metal because of its precise musicianship, which fuses new wave of British heavy metal riffs with hardcore punk tempos.", "Kill 'Em All __knowledge__ The album's musical approach and lyrics were markedly different from rock's mainstream of the early 1980s and inspired a number of bands who followed in similar manner.", "Kill 'Em All __knowledge__ The album did not enter the \"Billboard\" 200 until 1986, when it peaked at number 155, following Metallica's commercial success with its third studio album \"Master of Puppets\"; the 1988 Elektra reissue peaked at number 120." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band was formed in 1981 by drummer Lars Ulrich and vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding \"big four\" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who formed Megadeth) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica earned a growing fan base in the underground music community and won critical acclaim with its first five albums.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's third album, \"Master of Puppets\" (1986), was described as one of the heaviest and most influential thrash metal albums; its eponymous fifth album, \"Metallica\" (1991), the band's first to root predominantly in heavy metal, appealed to a more mainstream audience, achieving substantial commercial success and selling over 16 million copies in the United States to date, making it the best-selling album of the SoundScan era.", "Metallica __knowledge__ After experimenting with different genres and directions in subsequent releases, the band returned to its thrash metal roots with the release of its ninth album, \"Death Magnetic\" (2008), which drew similar praise to that of the band's earlier albums.", "ImiDushane __knowledge__ The ImiDushane tribe was founded by one of the greatest Xhosa warriors Prince Mdushane who was the eldest son of Prince Ndlambe of the Rharhabe kingdom.", "ImiDushane __knowledge__ The ImiDushane are therefore a subgroup within the Xhosa nation and can be found in the Eastern Cape, South Africa where they have three Traditional Councils in Tamarha near King William's Town, Ncerha near East London and Centane in the Mnquma Local Municipality.", "ImiDushane __knowledge__ Although sometimes referred to as the ImiDushane kaNdlambe, the ImiDushane are a distinct tribe separate from the amaNdlambe, i.e.", "ImiDushane __knowledge__ the tribe of Prince Ndlambe; having been established after Mdushane succeeded his uncle Prince Cebo who had died without male successors, as the heir to the Right Hand House of Rharhabe.", "Uvavnuk __knowledge__ Uvavnuk was an Inuit woman born in the 19th century, now considered an oral poet.", "Uvavnuk __knowledge__ The story of how she became an \"angakkuq\" (spiritual healer), and the song that came to her, were collected by European explorers of Arctic Canada in the early 1920s.", "Uvavnuk __knowledge__ Uvavnuk's story was written down by the explorer Knud Rasmussen, who grew up speaking Greenlandic, which is closely related to Inuktitut.", "Uvavnuk __knowledge__ Uvavnuk's story was told by Aua, a cousin of her son Niviatsian, both of whom were also spiritual healers.", "Uvavnuk __knowledge__ Aua acted as an informant for Rasmussen, who was collecting cultural material such as folktales and songs.", "Uvavnuk __knowledge__ The two men met in February 1922, in the vicinity of Lyon Inlet, north of Hudson Bay.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess (styled as GUESS or Guess?)", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ is an American clothing brand and retailer.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ In addition to clothing for both men and women, Guess markets other fashion accessories such as watches, jewelry, perfumes, and shoes.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess began in 1981 as a book of styles by Georges Marciano.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Maurice, Georges brother, was first sought by Georges to help with product development.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand and Paul, also Georges' brothers, were in charge of distribution and advertising, respectively.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand ran distribution.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Paul created the advertising, all of it in-house.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Georges designed the clothes, burnishing Guess' signature style: stonewashed denim, lighter in color, softer and more form-fitting than the competitors.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Pricing games are featured on the current version of the American game show The Price Is Right.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ The contestant from Contestants' Row who bids closest to the price of a prize without going over wins the prize and has the chance to win additional prizes or cash in an onstage game.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Prior to expanding to one hour in length, three games per episode were played during the half-hour format.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ With the exception of a single game from early in the show's history, only one contestant at a time is involved in a pricing game.", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ The Guess Who are a Canadian rock band, formed in Winnipeg in 1965.", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ Initially gaining recognition in Canada, the group found international success from the late 1960s through the mid-1970s with many hit singles, including \"No Time\", \"American Woman\", \"Laughing\", \"These Eyes\", \"Undun\" and \"Share the Land\".", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ The band have continued to perform and record to the present day; and at various times have included many well-known musicians, including Burton Cummings and Randy Bachman (of Bachman–Turner Overdrive).", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ Formed as a garage rock band, their musical style encompassed the pop rock and psychedelic rock genres.", "It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding) __knowledge__ \"It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)\" is a song written and performed by Bob Dylan and first released on his 1965 album \"Bringing It All Back Home\".", "It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding) __knowledge__ It was written in the summer of 1964, first performed live on October 10, 1964, and recorded on January 15, 1965.", "It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding) __knowledge__ Described by Dylan biographer Howard Sounes as a \"grim masterpiece,\" the song features some of Dylan's most memorable lyrical images.", "It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding) __knowledge__ Among the well-known lines sung in the song are \"He not busy being born is busy dying,\" \"Money doesn't talk, it swears,\" \"Although the masters make the rules, for the wisemen and the fools\" and \"But even the president of the United States sometimes must have to stand naked.\"", "Alright (Kendrick Lamar song) __knowledge__ \"Alright\" is a song by American rapper Kendrick Lamar, taken from his third album \"To Pimp a Butterfly\" (2015).", "Alright (Kendrick Lamar song) __knowledge__ Lyrically a festive song about hope, it features uncredited vocals from the song's co-producer Pharrell Williams during the chorus.", "Alright (Kendrick Lamar song) __knowledge__ \"Alright\" was released to radio stations as the album's fourth single on June 30, 2015.", "Alright (Kendrick Lamar song) __knowledge__ Most music publications considered it among the best songs and videos of the year, highlighting their message in the social context of the time.", "Alright (Kendrick Lamar song) __knowledge__ \"Alright\" received four nominations at the 58th Grammy Awards: Song of the Year, Best Music Video, Best Rap Performance and Best Rap Song, winning the latter two.", "The Who __knowledge__ The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964.", "The Who __knowledge__ Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist John Entwistle, and drummer Keith Moon.", "The Who __knowledge__ They are considered one of the most influential rock bands of the 20th century, selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation for their live shows and studio work.", "The Who __knowledge__ The Who developed from an earlier group, the Detours, and established themselves as part of the pop art and mod movements, featuring auto-destructive art by destroying guitars and drums on stage.", "The Who __knowledge__ Their first single as the Who, \"I Can't Explain\", reached the UK top ten, followed by a string of singles including \"My Generation\", \"Substitute\" and \"Happy Jack\".", "Jesus Is Just Alright __knowledge__ \"Jesus Is Just Alright\" is a gospel song written by Arthur Reid Reynolds and first recorded by Reynolds' own group, The Art Reynolds Singers, on their 1966 album, \"Tellin' It Like It Is\".", "Jesus Is Just Alright __knowledge__ The song's title makes use of the American slang term \"all-right\", which during the 1960s was used to describe something that was considered 'cool' or very good.", "Jesus Is Just Alright __knowledge__ The song has been covered by a number of bands and artists over the years, including The Byrds, Underground Sunshine, The Doobie Brothers, Alexis Korner, The Ventures, DC Talk, Stryper, Shelagh McDonald, and Robert Randolph (featuring Eric Clapton).", "Jesus Is Just Alright __knowledge__ The first cover version of the song was recorded by the Los Angeles band The Byrds on their 1969 album, \"Ballad of Easy Rider\".", "Alright, Still __knowledge__ Alright, Still is the debut studio album by English singer and songwriter Lily Allen, released on 13 July 2006 by Regal Recordings.", "Alright, Still __knowledge__ After being rejected by several labels, Allen signed to London Records, who eventually lost interest in Allen, leading her to meet production duo Future Cut and sign to Regal Recordings.", "Alright, Still __knowledge__ Recording for the album began in 2004 with sessions between Allen and Future Cut, and Allen's work garnered publicity on the Internet as she posted demos to her Myspace account before they were officially released.", "Alright, Still __knowledge__ Allen later travelled to the United States to work with Greg Kurstin and Mark Ronson, to complete the final half of the album in 2006.", "Be Alright (Ariana Grande song) __knowledge__ \"Be Alright\" is a song by recorded by American singer Ariana Grande for her third studio album \"Dangerous Woman\" (2016).", "Be Alright (Ariana Grande song) __knowledge__ The singer co-wrote the track with Tommy Brown, Victoria McCants, Khaled Rohaim, Nicholas Audino, Lewis Hughes and Willie Tafa, while its production was handled by Twice as Nice and Brown.", "Be Alright (Ariana Grande song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the first promotional single from the album on March 18, 2016.", "Be Alright (Ariana Grande song) __knowledge__ In terms of music, \"Be Alright\" is inspired by 1990's deep house and also influences from R&B and Chicago house.", "Be Alright (Ariana Grande song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, it is a carefree song about being optimistic.", "Be Alright (Ariana Grande song) __knowledge__ It was performed live for the first time on \"Saturday Night Live\", with choreography inspired by the vogue style of ballroom culture, the same choreography was adopted by Grande during her Dangerous Woman Tour where the song served as opening track.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band was formed in 1981 by drummer Lars Ulrich and vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding \"big four\" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who formed Megadeth) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica earned a growing fan base in the underground music community and won critical acclaim with its first five albums.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's third album, \"Master of Puppets\" (1986), was described as one of the heaviest and most influential thrash metal albums; its eponymous fifth album, \"Metallica\" (1991), the band's first to root predominantly in heavy metal, appealed to a more mainstream audience, achieving substantial commercial success and selling over 16 million copies in the United States to date, making it the best-selling album of the SoundScan era.", "Metallica __knowledge__ After experimenting with different genres and directions in subsequent releases, the band returned to its thrash metal roots with the release of its ninth album, \"Death Magnetic\" (2008), which drew similar praise to that of the band's earlier albums.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ Graduation is the third studio album by American rapper Kanye West.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ It was released on September 11, 2007, through Roc-A-Fella Records.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2007 at Chung King Studios, Sony Music Studios in New York City, at Chalice Studios and The Record Plant in Los Angeles.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ It was primarily produced by West himself, with contributions from DJ Toomp, as well as Mike Dean, Nottz, Brian \"All Day\" Miller, Eric Hudson, Warryn Campbell, Gee Roberson, Plain Pat and Jon Brion.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ It features guest contributions from artists, including Mos Def, Dwele, T-Pain, Lil Wayne, DJ Premier and Chris Martin of Coldplay.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ Linda Maria Ronstadt (born July 15, 1946) is an American popular music singer known for singing in a wide range of genres including rock, country, jazz, light opera, and Latin.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has earned 11 Grammy Awards, three American Music Awards, two Academy of Country Music awards, an Emmy Award, and an ALMA Award, and many of her albums have been certified gold, platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ On July 28, 2014, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American singer, musician, and actor.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as the \"King of Rock and Roll\" or simply \"the King\".", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ His music career began there in 1954, recording at Sun Records with producer Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of African American music to a wider audience.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a pioneer of rockabilly, an uptempo, backbeat-driven fusion of country music and rhythm and blues.", "Architects (British band) __knowledge__ Architects are a British metalcore band from Brighton, East Sussex.", "Architects (British band) __knowledge__ The band currently consists of vocalist Sam Carter, drummer Dan Searle, bassist Alex Dean and guitarists Adam Christianson and Josh Middleton.", "Architects (British band) __knowledge__ The band's first name was Inharmonic, which was swiftly changed to Counting the Days, and finally to Architects after a couple of years.", "Architects (British band) __knowledge__ They have released seven studio albums and one split EP with Dead Swans to date.", "Architects (British band) __knowledge__ They released their debut album \"Nightmares\" in 2006 through In at the Deep End records.", "Architects (British band) __knowledge__ After the departure of their original vocalist, Matt Johnson, Sam Carter joined the band and made his first appearance on Architects' second album \"Ruin\" released in 2007 through United by Fate records.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Chris Cornell (born Christopher John Boyle; July 20, 1964 – May 18, 2017) was an American musician, singer, and songwriter.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ He was best known as the lead vocalist for the rock bands Soundgarden and Audioslave.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Cornell was also known for his numerous solo works and soundtrack contributions since 1991, and as the founder and frontman for Temple of the Dog, the one-off tribute band dedicated to his late friend Andrew Wood.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Cornell is considered one of the chief architects of the 1990s grunge movement, and is well known for his extensive catalog as a songwriter, his nearly four-octave vocal range, and his powerful vocal belting technique.", "Captain Beefheart __knowledge__ Don Van Vliet (, born Don Glen Vliet; January 15, 1941 – December 17, 2010) was an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and visual artist best known by the stage name Captain Beefheart.", "Captain Beefheart __knowledge__ His idiosyncratic music blended elements of blues, free jazz, rock, the avant-garde, and contemporary experimental composition with his surrealist wordplay and wide vocal range.", "Captain Beefheart __knowledge__ Beefheart was also known for often constructing myths about his life and for exercising an almost dictatorial control over his supporting musicians.", "Captain Beefheart __knowledge__ His musical work was conducted with a rotating ensemble called the Magic Band (1964–1982), with whom he recorded 13 studio albums.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ Master of Puppets is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ It was released on March 3, 1986 by Elektra Records.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ Recorded at the Sweet Silence Studios with producer Flemming Rasmussen, it was the first Metallica album released on a major record label.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ \"Master of Puppets\" was the band's last album to feature bassist Cliff Burton, who died in a bus accident in Sweden during the album's promotional tour.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ The album peaked at number 29 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and became the first thrash metal album to be certified platinum.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ It was certified 6× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 2003 for shipping six million copies in the United States.", "Ride the Lightning __knowledge__ Ride the Lightning is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released on July 27, 1984, by the independent record label Megaforce Records.", "Ride the Lightning __knowledge__ The album was recorded in three weeks with producer Flemming Rasmussen at the Sweet Silence Studios in Copenhagen, Denmark.", "Ride the Lightning __knowledge__ The artwork, based on a concept by the band, depicts an electric chair being struck by lightning flowing from the band logo.", "Ride the Lightning __knowledge__ The title was taken from a passage in Stephen King's novel \"The Stand\".", "Ride the Lightning __knowledge__ Although rooted in the thrash metal genre, the album showcased the band's musical growth and lyrical sophistication.", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ Metallica (commonly known as The Black Album) is the self-titled fifth studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica.", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ Released on August 12, 1991 by Elektra Records, it received widespread critical acclaim and became the band's best-selling album.", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ \"Metallica\" produced five singles that are considered to be among the band's best-known songs, which include \"Enter Sandman\", \"The Unforgiven\", \"Nothing Else Matters\", \"Wherever I May Roam\", and \"Sad but True\".", "Metallica (album) __knowledge__ A sixth song, \"Don't Tread on Me\", was also issued to rock radio shortly after the album's release, but the song did not receive a commercial single release.", "Cliff Burton __knowledge__ Clifford Lee \"Cliff\" Burton (February 10, 1962 – September 27, 1986) was an American musician and songwriter, best known as the second bass guitarist for the American band Metallica from December 1982 until his death in September 1986.", "Cliff Burton __knowledge__ Burton joined Metallica in 1982 and performed on the band's first three studio albums: \"Kill 'Em All\", \"Ride the Lightning\" and \"Master of Puppets\".", "Cliff Burton __knowledge__ He also received a posthumous writing credit for the song \"To Live Is to Die\" from the band's fourth studio album, \"...And Justice for All\".", "Cliff Burton __knowledge__ On September 27, 1986, Burton died in a bus accident in Kronoberg County, a rural area of southern Sweden, as the band was touring in support of the \"Master of Puppets\" album.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ Megadeth is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ Guitarist Dave Mustaine and bassist David Ellefson formed the band in 1983 shortly after Mustaine's dismissal from Metallica.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ A pioneer of the American thrash metal scene, Megadeth is credited as one of the genre's \"big four,\" along with Metallica, Anthrax, and Slayer, responsible for thrash metal's development and popularization.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ Megadeth plays in a technical style, featuring complex arrangements and fast rhythm sections.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ Themes of death, war, politics, and religion are prominent in the song lyrics.", "Megadeth __knowledge__ In 1985, the band released its debut album, \"Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!", "...And Justice for All (album) __knowledge__ ...And Justice for All is the fourth studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released on August 25, 1988, through Elektra Records.", "...And Justice for All (album) __knowledge__ It was the band's first studio album to feature bassist Jason Newsted after the death of Cliff Burton in 1986.", "...And Justice for All (album) __knowledge__ The band recorded \"...And Justice for All\" during early 1988 at One on One Recording Studios in Los Angeles.", "...And Justice for All (album) __knowledge__ Musically, the album is progressive, with long and complex songs, fast tempos, and few verse-chorus structures.", "...And Justice for All (album) __knowledge__ It is noted for its sterile production, which producer Flemming Rasmussen attributed to his absence during the mixing process." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band was formed in 1981 by drummer Lars Ulrich and vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding \"big four\" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who formed Megadeth) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica earned a growing fan base in the underground music community and won critical acclaim with its first five albums.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's third album, \"Master of Puppets\" (1986), was described as one of the heaviest and most influential thrash metal albums; its eponymous fifth album, \"Metallica\" (1991), the band's first to root predominantly in heavy metal, appealed to a more mainstream audience, achieving substantial commercial success and selling over 16 million copies in the United States to date, making it the best-selling album of the SoundScan era.", "Metallica __knowledge__ After experimenting with different genres and directions in subsequent releases, the band returned to its thrash metal roots with the release of its ninth album, \"Death Magnetic\" (2008), which drew similar praise to that of the band's earlier albums.", "BBC News presentation __knowledge__ The presentation and the identities of the BBC News Channel, the international counterpart BBC World News and the BBC Parliament coverage channel use specific identities that demonstrate their remit and purpose.", "BBC News presentation __knowledge__ BBC News 24 was launched at 5.30pm on 9 November 1997 as a domestic news channel operating 24 hours a day.", "BBC News presentation __knowledge__ It acted as a sister channel to BBC World which had launched two years earlier.", "BBC News presentation __knowledge__ As a result of this partnership between the two channels, they shared some overnight programming and the same identity consisting of flags designed by Lambie-Nairn.", "BBC News presentation __knowledge__ The rippling flags were mostly fictitious, but included the Flag of St. George, the Flag of St. Andrew, the Catalan flag and the Pakistani flag, accompanied by an orchestral soundtrack comprised most noticeable of Percussion instruments. The channel logo consisted of the BBC logo with an uppercase 'News 24' written afterwards to the right of the logo.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "History of fashion design __knowledge__ The history of fashion design refers to the development of the fashion industry which designs clothing and accessories.", "History of fashion design __knowledge__ The modern industry, based around firms or fashion houses run by individual designers, started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created.", "History of fashion design __knowledge__ Couture beginnings.", "History of fashion design __knowledge__ Rose Bertin (July 2, 1747 – September 22, 1813) was the dressmaker to Marie Antoinette, Queen of France.", "History of fashion design __knowledge__ Sometimes called sarcastically the \"Minister of Fashion\", she opened a shop in Paris and had a considerable influence on Parisian style, until this was drastically changed by the French Revolution, from which she fled into exile to London for some years.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Salut D'Amour (; lit.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Love Greeting), despite its French name, is a South Korean television series that aired on KBS2 from November 1, 1994 to April 25, 1995 for a total of twenty five episodes.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The theme of \"Salut D'Amour\", unlike later versions, are not interconnected to one another by episode.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode contains a separate but closely related theme.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The Episode starts with a documentary show on Korea during the war, Korea during the year he was born in (1975)-riots and crowded streets in South Korea.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The narrator talked about the population census taken on September 18, 1995.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The population stood at 37,680,000 male and female sex ratio (1740:1124, males to females), as well as family events in 1982.", "Don't Look Now __knowledge__ Don't Look Now () is a 1973 independent British-Italian film directed by Nicolas Roeg.", "Don't Look Now __knowledge__ It is a thriller adapted from the short story by Daphne du Maurier.", "Don't Look Now __knowledge__ Julie Christie and Donald Sutherland portray a married couple who travel to Venice following the recent accidental death of their daughter, after the husband accepts a commission to restore a church.", "Don't Look Now __knowledge__ They encounter two sisters, one of whom claims to be clairvoyant and informs them that their daughter is trying to contact them and warn them of danger.", "Don't Look Now __knowledge__ The husband at first dismisses their claims, but starts to experience mysterious sightings himself.", "Look What You Made Me Do __knowledge__ \"Look What You Made Me Do\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, released on August 24, 2017 by Big Machine Records as the lead single from her sixth studio album \"Reputation\" (2017).", "Look What You Made Me Do __knowledge__ Swift wrote the song with her producer Jack Antonoff.", "Look What You Made Me Do __knowledge__ \"Look What You Made Me Do\" is an electroclash and pop song, with lyrics that portray various issues that built her reputation.", "Look What You Made Me Do __knowledge__ Right Said Fred band members Fred Fairbrass, Richard Fairbrass, and Rob Manzoli are also credited as songwriters since it samples the melody of their song \"I'm Too Sexy\".", "Look What You Made Me Do __knowledge__ The song broke a string of records, including the record for the most plays in a single day on Spotify.", "Right Thoughts, Right Words, Right Action __knowledge__ Right Thoughts, Right Words, Right Action is the fourth studio album by Scottish indie rock band Franz Ferdinand.", "Right Thoughts, Right Words, Right Action __knowledge__ It was released through the Domino Recording Company on 26 August 2013 in the United Kingdom and on 27 August in the United States.", "Right Thoughts, Right Words, Right Action __knowledge__ It was the band's first studio album since \"\", which was released four years earlier.", "Right Thoughts, Right Words, Right Action __knowledge__ Recorded during 2013, the album was recorded in multiple studios in different locations.", "Right Thoughts, Right Words, Right Action __knowledge__ It also features production from multiple different musicians.", "Right Thoughts, Right Words, Right Action __knowledge__ Similar to \"Tonight\", the album features more of a dance-oriented sound throughout.", "Right Thoughts, Right Words, Right Action __knowledge__ The band focused on making a generally positive and uplifting album with \"Right Thoughts, Right Words, Right Action\".", "Reign in Blood __knowledge__ Reign in Blood is the third studio album by American thrash metal band Slayer.", "Reign in Blood __knowledge__ It was released on October 7, 1986, by Def Jam Recordings.", "Reign in Blood __knowledge__ The album was the band's first collaboration with record producer Rick Rubin, whose input helped the band's sound evolve.", "Reign in Blood __knowledge__ \"Reign in Blood\" was well received by both critics and fans, and was responsible for bringing Slayer to the attention of a mainstream metal audience.", "Reign in Blood __knowledge__ \"Kerrang!\"", "Reign in Blood __knowledge__ magazine described the record as \"the heaviest album of all\".", "Reign in Blood __knowledge__ Alongside Anthrax's \"Among the Living\", Megadeth's \"Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?\"", "Reign in Blood __knowledge__ and Metallica's \"Master of Puppets\", \"Reign in Blood\" helped define the sound of the emerging US thrash metal scene in the mid-1980s, and has remained influential since.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath were an English rock band, formed in Birmingham in 1968, by guitarist and main songwriter Tony Iommi, bassist and main lyricist Geezer Butler, singer Ozzy Osbourne, and drummer Bill Ward.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band helped define the genre with releases such as \"Black Sabbath\" (1970), \"Paranoid\" (1970) and \"Master of Reality\" (1971).", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band had multiple line-up changes, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Formed in 1968 as the Polka Tulk Blues Band, a blues rock band, the group went through line up changes, renamed themselves as Earth, broke up and reformed.", "Vulgar Display of Power __knowledge__ Vulgar Display of Power is the sixth studio album by the American heavy metal band Pantera, released on February 25, 1992 through Atco Records.", "Vulgar Display of Power __knowledge__ One of the most influential heavy metal albums of the 1990s, \"Vulgar Display of Power\" has been described as \"one of the defining albums of the groove-metal genre\".", "Vulgar Display of Power __knowledge__ Several songs from this release have become some of the band's best known, such as \"Mouth for War\", \"A New Level\", \"Walk\", \"Fucking Hostile\", and \"This Love\".", "Vulgar Display of Power __knowledge__ The band's 1990 major label debut, \"Cowboys from Hell\", demonstrated a change in their musical direction, from their 1980s material influenced by bands like Van Halen and Kiss to a new similarity to bands like Slayer, Metallica and Black Sabbath.", "Screaming for Vengeance __knowledge__ Screaming for Vengeance is the eighth studio album by British heavy metal band Judas Priest.", "Screaming for Vengeance __knowledge__ The album, considered the band's commercial breakthrough, sold in excess of 5 million units worldwide and has been certified double platinum in the United States of America as well as platinum in Canada.", "Screaming for Vengeance __knowledge__ The album includes the hit single \"You've Got Another Thing Comin'\", which became one of the band's signature songs and a perennial radio favourite.", "Screaming for Vengeance __knowledge__ \"Screaming for Vengeance\" was recorded at Ibiza Sound Studios, Ibiza, Spain (during this period, it was commonplace for UK-based musicians to record in continental Europe for tax purposes) and mixed at Beejay Recording Studios and Bayshore Recording Studios in Coconut Grove, Florida.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ Master of Puppets is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ It was released on March 3, 1986 by Elektra Records.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ Recorded at the Sweet Silence Studios with producer Flemming Rasmussen, it was the first Metallica album released on a major record label.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ \"Master of Puppets\" was the band's last album to feature bassist Cliff Burton, who died in a bus accident in Sweden during the album's promotional tour.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ The album peaked at number 29 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and became the first thrash metal album to be certified platinum.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ It was certified 6× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 2003 for shipping six million copies in the United States.", "Toxicity (album) __knowledge__ Toxicity is the second studio album by the Armenian-American heavy metal band System of a Down, released on September 4, 2001 by Columbia Records.", "Toxicity (album) __knowledge__ Categorized as alternative metal, thrash metal, hard rock, progressive metal, art metal, heavy metal, and nu metal, \"Toxicity\" features elements of multiple genres of music: folk, progressive rock, jazz, Middle Eastern music, and Greek music.", "Toxicity (album) __knowledge__ Many of the album's lyrics are political, being about topics such as the overpopulation of prisons, the CIA, and Charles Manson's beliefs about the environment.", "Toxicity (album) __knowledge__ Examples of non-political themes in \"Toxicity\" lyrics are group sex, drug addiction, and groupies." ] ]

[ 1, 7, 7, 73 ]

[ "I like them alright too! They are from a place I'd love to visit or even live. LA! ", "Do you have a favorite Metallica album? Mine is Master of Puppets, even though that's kind of cliche to say! third time is a charm! (Its their third album) haha. ", "That's a shame, It's been described by some as one of the heaviest and influential metal albums! Worth a listen.", "It was 6x platinum, six million records sold in the USA, 29 on the billboard charts. Sorry, I am rambling. I'm just very passionate about that album!" ]

[ "Metallica", "Metallica", "Metallica", "Metallica" ]

[ "Inline skating\nI like to do inline skating how about you", "oh wow that is amazing, I have the 5 wheel kind, did you have yours special made?", "Oh almost like skateboard tricks?", "We have a skatepark close, my son was a skateboarder and there were people doing tricks with the inline skates there too, skate parks are fun" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is a multi-disciplinary sport practiced widely internationally.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skates typically have 2 to 5 polyurethane wheels, arranged in a single line by a metal or plastic frame on the underside of a boot.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The in-line design allows for greater speed than roller skates and better manoeuvrability.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Following this basic design principle, inline skates can be modified to varying degrees to accommodate niche disciplines.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is also known as \"roller blading\" due to the popular brand of inline skates, Rollerblade.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ A term used to refer to inline skates on a vert ramp, a half pipe with some vertical in it usually between 6in to 24in.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Vert skating is a form of gymnastics performed with skates.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The purpose of vert skating is to ride higher than the coping (which is the metal pipe on top of the ramp) and perform spins or flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ It focuses on complicated hard aerial maneuvers, such as spins and flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The intent of the skater is to build speed until they are of sufficient height above the edge of the ramp to perform various aerial acrobatics.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ In competitions skaters have limited time, often less than a minute, to impress the judges by landing numerous and difficult tricks.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Inline skates are a type of roller skate used for inline skating.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Unlike quad skates, which have two front and two rear wheels, inline skates typically have two to five wheels arranged in a single line.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Some, especially those for recreation, have a rubber \"stop\" or \"brake\" block attached to the rear of one or occasionally both of the skates so that the skater can slow down or stop by leaning back on the foot with the brake skate.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ The modern style of inline skates was developed as a substitute for ice skates, for use by a Russian athlete training on solid ground for Olympic long track speed skating events.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Aggressive inline skating is a form of inline skating executed on specially designed inline skates with focus on grinding and spins.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Participants refer to the activity as rollerblading, \"blading,\" \"skating,\" or \"rolling.\"", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Aggressive skating can take place on found street obstacles or at skateparks.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Street skating primarily consists of performing grinds on ledges and rails, as well as jumping tall heights known as \"gaps.\"", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Park skating recreates these obstacles with the additions of bowls and ramps on which \"vert\" skating can be performed.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Since 1994, the sport has been chronicled in various skating films and \"edits.\"", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ Christopher Creveling (born December 29, 1986) is an American short track speed skater who represented the United States at the 2014 Winter Olympics.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ Growing up, his family owned a roller rink and was highly involved in the sport of roller skating.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ Creveling followed in the footsteps of his older siblings, learning to skate as soon as he could walk.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ He was selected for the 2003 United States' Junior World roller skating team in 2003 and for the Senior World Team from 2004–06.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ At the 2004 World Championships, he won a gold medal as part of the US relay team.", "Chris Creveling __knowledge__ In 2007, Creveling switched from inline skating to ice speed skating in hopes of making the Olympics.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ Roller skating is the traveling on surfaces with roller skates.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ It is a form of recreational activity as well as a sport, and can also be a form of transportation.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ Skates generally come in three basic varieties: quad roller skates, inline skates or blades and tri-skates, though some have experimented with a single-wheeled \"quintessence skate\" or other variations on the basic skate design.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ In America, this hobby was most popular, first between 1935 and the early 1960s and then in the 1970s, when polyurethane wheels were created and disco music oriented roller rinks were the rage and then again in the 1990s when in-line outdoor roller skating, thanks to the improvement made to inline roller skates in 1981 by Scott Olson, took hold.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ In the Olympic Games, long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just \"speed skating\", while short-track speed skating is known as \"short track\".", "Speed skating __knowledge__ The ISU, the governing body of both ice sports, refers to long track as \"speed skating\" and short track as \"short track skating\".", "Speed skating __knowledge__ The standard rink for long track is 400 meters long, but tracks of 200, 250 and 333⅓ meters are used occasionally.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ Kelly Gunther (born August 14, 1987) is an American speed skater participated in the 2014 Winter Olympics.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ She began roller skating at age six, briefly tried figure skating, then took up inline speed skating.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ As an inline skater, she won multiple World Championship gold medals on the United States relay team.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ In 2009, she transitioned to ice speed skating.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ At the 2010 Olympic trials, Gunther appeared to make the United States speed skating team, but was bumped from the team after another skater was granted a re-skate.", "Kelly Gunther __knowledge__ In March 2010, she fell during a race and suffered a double-compound fracture that nearly severed her foot from her leg." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is a multi-disciplinary sport practiced widely internationally.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skates typically have 2 to 5 polyurethane wheels, arranged in a single line by a metal or plastic frame on the underside of a boot.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The in-line design allows for greater speed than roller skates and better manoeuvrability.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Following this basic design principle, inline skates can be modified to varying degrees to accommodate niche disciplines.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is also known as \"roller blading\" due to the popular brand of inline skates, Rollerblade.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ A term used to refer to inline skates on a vert ramp, a half pipe with some vertical in it usually between 6in to 24in.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Vert skating is a form of gymnastics performed with skates.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The purpose of vert skating is to ride higher than the coping (which is the metal pipe on top of the ramp) and perform spins or flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ It focuses on complicated hard aerial maneuvers, such as spins and flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The intent of the skater is to build speed until they are of sufficient height above the edge of the ramp to perform various aerial acrobatics.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ In competitions skaters have limited time, often less than a minute, to impress the judges by landing numerous and difficult tricks.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Amazing Stories is an American science fiction magazine launched in April 1926 by Hugo Gernsback's Experimenter Publishing.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ It was the first magazine devoted solely to science fiction.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Science fiction stories had made regular appearances in other magazines, including some published by Gernsback, but \"Amazing\" helped define and launch a new genre of pulp fiction.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ \"Amazing\" was published, with some interruptions, for almost eighty years, going through a half-dozen owners and many editors as it struggled to be profitable.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Gernsback was forced into bankruptcy and lost control of the magazine in 1929, and by 1938 it was purchased by Ziff-Davis, who hired Raymond A. Palmer as editor.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Israel Roller Hockey League __knowledge__ The Israel Roller Hockey League is the biggest Roller Hockey Clubs Championship in Israel.", "Israel Roller Hockey League __knowledge__ The Roller Hockey sport was brought to Israel in 1957 by \"a handful of fanatics \" led by Mr. Aaron Jordan.", "Israel Roller Hockey League __knowledge__ Association was founded in 1973 organized skaters, who later grew and developed under the name Association of skates in Israel.", "Israel Roller Hockey League __knowledge__ Today the association appointed 800 members of skaters, registered 30 clubs and there are frames and many other smooth guidance and support union workers, Contributors skating sports development in the country, the four branches:figure skating, Rink Hockey, inline skating and racing (Roller Blades).", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Inline skates are a type of roller skate used for inline skating.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Unlike quad skates, which have two front and two rear wheels, inline skates typically have two to five wheels arranged in a single line.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Some, especially those for recreation, have a rubber \"stop\" or \"brake\" block attached to the rear of one or occasionally both of the skates so that the skater can slow down or stop by leaning back on the foot with the brake skate.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ The modern style of inline skates was developed as a substitute for ice skates, for use by a Russian athlete training on solid ground for Olympic long track speed skating events.", "Inline speed skating __knowledge__ Inline speed skating is the roller sport of racing on inline skates, or as they are commonly called, rollerblades.", "Inline speed skating __knowledge__ It is often called \"inline racing\" by participants.", "Inline speed skating __knowledge__ Although it primarily evolved from racing on traditional roller skates, the sport is similar enough to ice speed skating that many competitors are now known to switch between inline and ice speed skating according to the season.", "Inline speed skating __knowledge__ An inline speed skate is a specialized shoe version of the inline skate.", "Inline speed skating __knowledge__ The boot or shoe is close-fitting, without much padding and usually made of leather and carbon fiber and/or fiberglass composites.", "Inline speed skating __knowledge__ The lower part of the boot is usually made of carbon fiber and the upper part with leather.", "Ice skate __knowledge__ Ice skates are boots with blades attached to the bottom, used to propel the bearer across a sheet of ice while ice skating.", "Ice skate __knowledge__ The first ice skates were made from leg bones of horse, ox or deer, and were attached to feet with leather straps.", "Ice skate __knowledge__ These skates required a pole with a sharp metal spike that was used for pushing the skater forward, unlike modern bladed skates.", "Ice skate __knowledge__ Modern skates come in many different varieties, which are chosen depending on the nature of the requirements needed for the skating activity.", "Ice skate __knowledge__ They are worn recreationally in ice rinks or on frozen bodies of water across the globe and are used as footwear in many sports, including figure skating, ice hockey, bandy, speed skating and tour skating.", "Artistic roller skating __knowledge__ Artistic roller skating is a sport similar to figure skating but where competitors wear roller skates instead of ice skates.", "Artistic roller skating __knowledge__ Within artistic roller skating, there are several disciplines: Artistic roller skaters use either quad or inline skates, though quad skates are more traditional and significantly more common.", "Artistic roller skating __knowledge__ Generally quad and inline skaters compete in separate events and not against each other.", "Artistic roller skating __knowledge__ Inline figure skating has been included in the world championships since 2002 in Wuppertal, Germany.", "Artistic roller skating __knowledge__ The sport looks very similar to its counterpart on ice, and although there are some differences, many ice skaters started in roller skating or vice versa.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating.", "Speed skating __knowledge__ In the Olympic Games, long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just \"speed skating\", while short-track speed skating is known as \"short track\".", "Speed skating __knowledge__ The ISU, the governing body of both ice sports, refers to long track as \"speed skating\" and short track as \"short track skating\".", "Speed skating __knowledge__ The standard rink for long track is 400 meters long, but tracks of 200, 250 and 333⅓ meters are used occasionally.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Aggressive inline skating is a form of inline skating executed on specially designed inline skates with focus on grinding and spins.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Participants refer to the activity as rollerblading, \"blading,\" \"skating,\" or \"rolling.\"", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Aggressive skating can take place on found street obstacles or at skateparks.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Street skating primarily consists of performing grinds on ledges and rails, as well as jumping tall heights known as \"gaps.\"", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Park skating recreates these obstacles with the additions of bowls and ramps on which \"vert\" skating can be performed.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Since 1994, the sport has been chronicled in various skating films and \"edits.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is a multi-disciplinary sport practiced widely internationally.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skates typically have 2 to 5 polyurethane wheels, arranged in a single line by a metal or plastic frame on the underside of a boot.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The in-line design allows for greater speed than roller skates and better manoeuvrability.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Following this basic design principle, inline skates can be modified to varying degrees to accommodate niche disciplines.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is also known as \"roller blading\" due to the popular brand of inline skates, Rollerblade.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ A term used to refer to inline skates on a vert ramp, a half pipe with some vertical in it usually between 6in to 24in.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Vert skating is a form of gymnastics performed with skates.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The purpose of vert skating is to ride higher than the coping (which is the metal pipe on top of the ramp) and perform spins or flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ It focuses on complicated hard aerial maneuvers, such as spins and flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The intent of the skater is to build speed until they are of sufficient height above the edge of the ramp to perform various aerial acrobatics.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ In competitions skaters have limited time, often less than a minute, to impress the judges by landing numerous and difficult tricks.", "Flatland skimboarding __knowledge__ Flatland skimboarding (also known as inland skimboarding) is a form of skimboarding practiced on non-coastal waters, such as a river, lake, stream or puddle.", "Flatland skimboarding __knowledge__ It uses a wooden board about three times as wide as a skateboard and one and a half times as long.", "Flatland skimboarding __knowledge__ The board is thrown across a thin film of water.", "Flatland skimboarding __knowledge__ While the board is still moving the rider jumps on and skims across the water to do what ever tricks he or she can imagine.", "Flatland skimboarding __knowledge__ Inland skimboarding emerged in the mid 1970s and has its roots in Sacramento, California.", "Flatland skimboarding __knowledge__ With homemade skimboards made of plywood, fiberglass and resin, skimmers were sliding on sandbars along the American and Sacramento rivers.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ John Rodney Mullen (born August 17, 1966) is an American professional skateboarder, entrepreneur, inventor, and public speaker who practices freestyle and street skateboarding.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ He is widely considered the most influential street skater in the history of the sport, being credited for inventing numerous tricks, including the kickflip, heelflip, impossible, and 360-flip.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ As a result, he has been called the \"Godfather of Street Skateboarding.\"", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ Rodney Mullen won his first world skateboard championship at the age of 14; over the following decade, he won 35 out of 36 freestyle contests, thus establishing the most successful competitive run in the history of the sport.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Daewon David Song (born February 17, 1975) is a Korean-born American professional skateboarder, recognized for his skillful technical street skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ He is a co-owner of Almost Skateboards, along with Rodney Mullen, and also skates for the company alongside other sponsored team riders.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song was named the 2006 \"Skater of the Year\" by \"Thrasher\" magazine, an award that is widely considered to be one of the most significant honors in skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song, a Korean American, was born in Seoul, South Korea, and grew up in Gardena, California, following a year spent with his grandmother in Hawaii, US.", "Skateboard __knowledge__ A skateboard is a type of sports equipment used primarily for the activity of skateboarding.", "Skateboard __knowledge__ It usually consists of a specially designed maplewood board combined with a polyurethane coating used for making smoother slides and stronger durability.", "Skateboard __knowledge__ Most skateboards are made with 7 plies of this wood.", "Skateboard __knowledge__ A skateboard is moved by pushing with one foot while the other remains on the board, or by pumping one's legs in structures such as a bowl or half pipe.", "Skateboard __knowledge__ A skateboard can also be used by simply standing on the deck while on a downward slope and allowing gravity to propel the board and rider.", "Skateboard __knowledge__ If the rider's leading foot is their right foot, he/she is said to ride \"goofy;\" if the rider's leading foot is their left foot, he/she is said to ride \"regular.\"", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Lewis Kristian Marnell (3 December 1982 – 18 January 2013) was a professional skateboarder from Melbourne, Australia who was Slam Magazine's 2008 \"Skater of the Year\".", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Marnell died in January 2013, following complications related to type 1 (juvenile) diabetes, a condition that was diagnosed when he was 10 years old.", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Numerous tributes were published following Marnell's death and his longtime skateboard deck sponsor, Almost Skateboards, continues to use the hashtag \"#LewisMarnellForever\"—on 15 and 29 July 2014, the company published the hashtag with 2006 video footage of Marnell skateboarding in Japan.", "Flip trick __knowledge__ A flip trick is a type of skateboarding trick in which the skateboard rotates around its vertical axis, or its vertical axis and its horizontal axis simultaneously.", "Flip trick __knowledge__ The first flip trick called a kickflip, originally called a \"magic flip,\" was invented by professional skateboarder Rodney Mullen.", "Flip trick __knowledge__ The following is a list of general skateboarding terms that will assist novice readers to better understand the descriptions of flip tricks contained in this article: The concepts of frontside and backside originate from surfing, whereby the terms defined the position of the surfer in relation to the wave.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Aggressive inline skating is a form of inline skating executed on specially designed inline skates with focus on grinding and spins.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Participants refer to the activity as rollerblading, \"blading,\" \"skating,\" or \"rolling.\"", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Aggressive skating can take place on found street obstacles or at skateparks.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Street skating primarily consists of performing grinds on ledges and rails, as well as jumping tall heights known as \"gaps.\"", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Park skating recreates these obstacles with the additions of bowls and ramps on which \"vert\" skating can be performed.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Since 1994, the sport has been chronicled in various skating films and \"edits.\"", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Inline skates are a type of roller skate used for inline skating.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Unlike quad skates, which have two front and two rear wheels, inline skates typically have two to five wheels arranged in a single line.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Some, especially those for recreation, have a rubber \"stop\" or \"brake\" block attached to the rear of one or occasionally both of the skates so that the skater can slow down or stop by leaning back on the foot with the brake skate.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ The modern style of inline skates was developed as a substitute for ice skates, for use by a Russian athlete training on solid ground for Olympic long track speed skating events.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ Roller skating is the traveling on surfaces with roller skates.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ It is a form of recreational activity as well as a sport, and can also be a form of transportation.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ Skates generally come in three basic varieties: quad roller skates, inline skates or blades and tri-skates, though some have experimented with a single-wheeled \"quintessence skate\" or other variations on the basic skate design.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ In America, this hobby was most popular, first between 1935 and the early 1960s and then in the 1970s, when polyurethane wheels were created and disco music oriented roller rinks were the rage and then again in the 1990s when in-line outdoor roller skating, thanks to the improvement made to inline roller skates in 1981 by Scott Olson, took hold.", "Artistic roller skating __knowledge__ Artistic roller skating is a sport similar to figure skating but where competitors wear roller skates instead of ice skates.", "Artistic roller skating __knowledge__ Within artistic roller skating, there are several disciplines: Artistic roller skaters use either quad or inline skates, though quad skates are more traditional and significantly more common.", "Artistic roller skating __knowledge__ Generally quad and inline skaters compete in separate events and not against each other.", "Artistic roller skating __knowledge__ Inline figure skating has been included in the world championships since 2002 in Wuppertal, Germany.", "Artistic roller skating __knowledge__ The sport looks very similar to its counterpart on ice, and although there are some differences, many ice skaters started in roller skating or vice versa.", "Israel Roller Hockey League __knowledge__ The Israel Roller Hockey League is the biggest Roller Hockey Clubs Championship in Israel.", "Israel Roller Hockey League __knowledge__ The Roller Hockey sport was brought to Israel in 1957 by \"a handful of fanatics \" led by Mr. Aaron Jordan.", "Israel Roller Hockey League __knowledge__ Association was founded in 1973 organized skaters, who later grew and developed under the name Association of skates in Israel.", "Israel Roller Hockey League __knowledge__ Today the association appointed 800 members of skaters, registered 30 clubs and there are frames and many other smooth guidance and support union workers, Contributors skating sports development in the country, the four branches:figure skating, Rink Hockey, inline skating and racing (Roller Blades).", "Inline speed skating __knowledge__ Inline speed skating is the roller sport of racing on inline skates, or as they are commonly called, rollerblades.", "Inline speed skating __knowledge__ It is often called \"inline racing\" by participants.", "Inline speed skating __knowledge__ Although it primarily evolved from racing on traditional roller skates, the sport is similar enough to ice speed skating that many competitors are now known to switch between inline and ice speed skating according to the season.", "Inline speed skating __knowledge__ An inline speed skate is a specialized shoe version of the inline skate.", "Inline speed skating __knowledge__ The boot or shoe is close-fitting, without much padding and usually made of leather and carbon fiber and/or fiberglass composites.", "Inline speed skating __knowledge__ The lower part of the boot is usually made of carbon fiber and the upper part with leather." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is a multi-disciplinary sport practiced widely internationally.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skates typically have 2 to 5 polyurethane wheels, arranged in a single line by a metal or plastic frame on the underside of a boot.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The in-line design allows for greater speed than roller skates and better manoeuvrability.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Following this basic design principle, inline skates can be modified to varying degrees to accommodate niche disciplines.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Inline skating is also known as \"roller blading\" due to the popular brand of inline skates, Rollerblade.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ A term used to refer to inline skates on a vert ramp, a half pipe with some vertical in it usually between 6in to 24in.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ Vert skating is a form of gymnastics performed with skates.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The purpose of vert skating is to ride higher than the coping (which is the metal pipe on top of the ramp) and perform spins or flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ It focuses on complicated hard aerial maneuvers, such as spins and flips.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ The intent of the skater is to build speed until they are of sufficient height above the edge of the ramp to perform various aerial acrobatics.", "Inline skating __knowledge__ In competitions skaters have limited time, often less than a minute, to impress the judges by landing numerous and difficult tricks.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Aggressive inline skating is a form of inline skating executed on specially designed inline skates with focus on grinding and spins.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Participants refer to the activity as rollerblading, \"blading,\" \"skating,\" or \"rolling.\"", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Aggressive skating can take place on found street obstacles or at skateparks.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Street skating primarily consists of performing grinds on ledges and rails, as well as jumping tall heights known as \"gaps.\"", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Park skating recreates these obstacles with the additions of bowls and ramps on which \"vert\" skating can be performed.", "Aggressive inline skating __knowledge__ Since 1994, the sport has been chronicled in various skating films and \"edits.\"", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Inline skates are a type of roller skate used for inline skating.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Unlike quad skates, which have two front and two rear wheels, inline skates typically have two to five wheels arranged in a single line.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ Some, especially those for recreation, have a rubber \"stop\" or \"brake\" block attached to the rear of one or occasionally both of the skates so that the skater can slow down or stop by leaning back on the foot with the brake skate.", "Inline skates __knowledge__ The modern style of inline skates was developed as a substitute for ice skates, for use by a Russian athlete training on solid ground for Olympic long track speed skating events.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ Roller skating is the traveling on surfaces with roller skates.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ It is a form of recreational activity as well as a sport, and can also be a form of transportation.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ Skates generally come in three basic varieties: quad roller skates, inline skates or blades and tri-skates, though some have experimented with a single-wheeled \"quintessence skate\" or other variations on the basic skate design.", "Roller skating __knowledge__ In America, this hobby was most popular, first between 1935 and the early 1960s and then in the 1970s, when polyurethane wheels were created and disco music oriented roller rinks were the rage and then again in the 1990s when in-line outdoor roller skating, thanks to the improvement made to inline roller skates in 1981 by Scott Olson, took hold.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Roller in-line hockey is a team sport played on a wood, asphalt, cement or sport tile surface, in which players use a hockey stick to shoot a hard plastic hockey puck into their opponent's goal to score points.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is considered a contact sport but body checking is prohibited.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ However, there are exceptions to that with the NRHL which involves fighting.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Inline hockey teams are composed of up to four lines of players including two forwards and two defensemen on each line.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ There are five players including the goalie from each team on the rink at a time.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is the goalie's job to prevent the other team's players from scoring.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Daewon David Song (born February 17, 1975) is a Korean-born American professional skateboarder, recognized for his skillful technical street skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ He is a co-owner of Almost Skateboards, along with Rodney Mullen, and also skates for the company alongside other sponsored team riders.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song was named the 2006 \"Skater of the Year\" by \"Thrasher\" magazine, an award that is widely considered to be one of the most significant honors in skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song, a Korean American, was born in Seoul, South Korea, and grew up in Gardena, California, following a year spent with his grandmother in Hawaii, US.", "Villa Park, Illinois __knowledge__ Villa Park is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States, within the Chicago metropolitan area.", "Villa Park, Illinois __knowledge__ The current population is 21,800.", "Villa Park, Illinois __knowledge__ The Village of Villa Park is an inner western suburb of Chicago near the hub of eastern DuPage County’s busiest transportation corridor, just five miles from O’Hare International Airport and within 25 miles of Midway International Airport.", "Villa Park, Illinois __knowledge__ Villa Park lays 19.7 miles directly west of Chicago’s Loop (Downtown), Villa Park provides direct access to downtown Chicago by car or Metra train and is very convenient to both O’Hare and Midway Airports and the rest of the western suburbs due to its proximity to Interstate 290 (Illinois), Interstate 355, Interstate 294, Illinois Route 53, Illinois Route 83, Interstate 88 (Illinois), Illinois Route 38, and famous North Avenue (Chicago) When Ovaltine established its factory, it needed a way to make sure that its employees could get to and from work safely regardless of the weather, terrain or other issues.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ A skatepark, or skate park, is a purpose-built recreational environment made for skateboarding, BMX, scooter, wheelchair, and aggressive inline skating.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ A skatepark may contain half-pipes, quarter pipes, spine transfers, handrails, funboxes, vert ramps, pyramids, banked ramps, full pipes, pools, bowls, snake runs, stairsets, and any number of other objects.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ The first skatepark in the world, Surf City at 2169 E. Speedway, Tucson, Arizona opened for business on September 3, 1965.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ Patti McGee, Women’s National Champion, was here for the grand opening.", "Skatepark __knowledge__ It had concrete ramps and was operated by Arizona Surf City Enterprises, Inc. A skatepark for skateboarders and skaters which had plywood ramps on a half-acre lot in Kelso, Washington, USA opened in April 1966.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ One Tree Hill is an American television series created by Mark Schwahn for The WB in 2003.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After its third season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which then became the broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Schwahn served as executive producer while also writing and directing for the show, including the premieres and finales of all seasons.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ The show began with nine main characters in its first season.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After that, characters from that first season left the show, with new main characters having been both written in and out of the series.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Originally, it followed two half-brothers Lucas and Nathan Scott who started out as enemies but later formed a close bond as brothers.", "A Ton of Luck __knowledge__ Soñar no Cuesta Nada () is a 2006 Colombian black comedy film directed by Rodrigo Triana.", "A Ton of Luck __knowledge__ Based on a true story, the plot follows a group of anti-guerrilla soldiers, whose lives are turned upside down after finding $45 million hidden in the jungle.", "A Ton of Luck __knowledge__ The film begins with a young mother named Herlinda (Carolina Ramírez) and her 6 year old daughter Simona who comes to a remote village in southern Colombia, Herlinda asks a grocer go to the village of Coreguaje but a driver accepts carry them but then refuses to see the lady but she had little money and Simona convince him.", "A Ton of Luck __knowledge__ Them being carried by the driver, Herlinda reads a letter from her husband Elmer Porras, soldier of the national army of Colombia, who several days ago had lost the life savings of between Herlinda and a real estate business which resulted in running a scam that family into possible bankruptcy.", "Provident Skate Park __knowledge__ Provident Skate Park is a skateboard and inline skate park in Visalia, California.", "Provident Skate Park __knowledge__ It was created in December 1996 when the Kaweah Delta Health Care District led in an effort to create a park specifically for skateboarders and inline skaters.", "Provident Skate Park __knowledge__ The hospital received many donations, including a large sum from the Provident Mortgage Corporation, after which the park was named.", "Provident Skate Park __knowledge__ The hospital also initiated a payroll deduction option for the hospital's employees.", "Provident Skate Park __knowledge__ With these combined efforts, the Kaweah Delta Health Care District was able to raise over $260,000.", "Provident Skate Park __knowledge__ Over 80% of the funds spent on the creation of the park were from the efforts of the community.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem." ] ]

[ 2, 5, 46, 17 ]

[ "I've been a skater for the last 25 years. Most skates have either 2 or 5 wheels my skates have 4.", "No, mine for aggressive skating they have a grind rail where the middle wheel would be. Most people call them Roller Blades but that's a brand not a type of skate.", "Yes, even though I'm older I still go to the skate park and use obstacles to play on.", "You should give it a try. I'm in my 30's and it keeps me young. I've been doing it since 1994 when it first stated" ]

[ "Inline skating", "Inline skating", "Inline skating", "Inline skating" ]

[ "Parenting\nI wonder sometimes if I am being a good parent to my daughters.", "I believe so as well. I wonder if there are any tips or pointers for helping your children socially?", "I guess so. What exactly is executive function?", "Interesting. I hope to apply that skill set to my children as well.", "I agree, I dont want to lead my daughters down the wrong path or be the type of father that my father was to me." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Teuruarii IV __knowledge__ Teuruarii IV, born Epatiana a Teuruarii (c. 1879 – 1933), was the last King of Rurutu, an island within the larger Austral Islands archipelago, who ruled from around 1886 until the annexation of the island to France in 1900.", "Teuruarii IV __knowledge__ Proclaimed king upon his father's abdication while still a child, his mother ruled as regent.", "Teuruarii IV __knowledge__ During this regency the Church of Moerari was consecrated and the death penalty was abolished.", "Teuruarii IV __knowledge__ Teuruarii's reign was disrupted by ongoing French expansionism in the Pacific.", "Teuruarii IV __knowledge__ Teuruarii entreated the British to place Rurutu under a British protectorate, which the islanders deemed more favorable due to their predominant adherence to Protestantantism.", "Parental care in birds __knowledge__ Parental care refers to the level of investment provided by the mother and the father to ensure development and survival of their offspring.", "Parental care in birds __knowledge__ In most birds, parents invest profoundly in their offspring as a mutual effort, making a majority of them socially monogamous for the duration of the breeding season.", "Parental care in birds __knowledge__ This happens regardless of whether there is a paternal uncertainty.", "Parental care in birds __knowledge__ Birds originally branched from theropod dinosaurs and underwent body miniaturization over a 50 million year period.", "Parental care in birds __knowledge__ Changes in anatomy are rearrangement of body mass, adults retain juvenile traits including large brain mass and eyes despite a smaller snout (paedomorphism), and aerial abilities.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ Parental alienation is the process, and the result, of psychological manipulation of a child into showing unwarranted fear, disrespect or hostility towards a parent and/or other family members.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ It is a distinctive form of psychological abuse and family violence, towards both the child and the rejected family members, that occurs almost exclusively in association with family separation or divorce, particularly where legal action is involved.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ It undermines core principles of both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ Most commonly, the primary cause is a parent wishing to exclude another parent from the life of their child, but other family members or friends, as well as professionals involved with the family (including psychologists, lawyers and judges), may contribute significantly to the process.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Darwin Gross __knowledge__ Darwin Gross (1928–2008) was an American spiritual teacher who succeeded to the leadership of Eckankar in 1971 at the death of its founder Paul Twitchell.", "Darwin Gross __knowledge__ Gross officially took up the position of \"Living ECK Master\" on October 22, 1971 and appointed his successor Harold Klemp as Living ECK Master on October 22, 1981, though Gross later claimed Klemp failed to fully succeed to the position.", "Darwin Gross __knowledge__ Gross claimed to continue afterwards as the Living Eck Master, though he was precluded from continuing to use the Eck terminology.", "Darwin Gross __knowledge__ Darwin Gross was born in 1928 in Denhoff, North Dakota.", "Darwin Gross __knowledge__ He was brought up in the Mennonite faith.", "Self-affirmation __knowledge__ Self-affirmation theory is a psychological theory that focuses on how individuals adapt to information or experiences that are threatening to their self-concept.", "Self-affirmation __knowledge__ Claude Steele originally popularized self-affirmation theory in the late 1980s, and it remains a well-studied theory in social psychological research.", "Self-affirmation __knowledge__ Self-affirmation theory contends that if individuals reflect on values that are personally relevant to them, they are less likely to experience distress and react defensively when confronted with information that contradicts or threatens their sense of self.", "Self-affirmation __knowledge__ Experimental investigations of self-affirmation theory suggest that self-affirmation can help individuals cope with threat or stress and that it might be beneficial for improving academic performance, health, and reducing defensiveness." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Laser pointer __knowledge__ A laser pointer or laser pen is a small handheld device with a power source (usually a battery) and a laser diode emitting a very narrow coherent low-powered laser beam of visible light, intended to be used to highlight something of interest by illuminating it with a small bright spot of colored light.", "Laser pointer __knowledge__ Power is restricted in most jurisdictions not to exceed 5 mW.", "Laser pointer __knowledge__ The small width of the beam and low power of typical laser pointers make the beam itself invisible in a reasonably clean atmosphere, only showing a point of light when striking an opaque surface.", "Laser pointer __knowledge__ Some higher-powered laser pointers project a visible beam via scattering from dust particles or water droplets along the beam path.", "Pointer (computer programming) __knowledge__ In computer science, a pointer is a programming language object, whose value refers to (or \"points to\") another value stored elsewhere in the computer memory using its memory address.", "Pointer (computer programming) __knowledge__ A pointer \"references\" a location in memory, and obtaining the value stored at that location is known as \"dereferencing\" the pointer.", "Pointer (computer programming) __knowledge__ As an analogy, a page number in a book's index could be considered a pointer to the corresponding page; dereferencing such a pointer would be done by flipping to the page with the given page number and reading the text found on the indexed page.", "Pointer (computer programming) __knowledge__ Pointers to data significantly improve performance for repetitive operations such as traversing strings, lookup tables, control tables and tree structures.", "Stephen Curry __knowledge__ Wardell Stephen Curry II ( ; born March 14, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "Stephen Curry __knowledge__ Many players and analysts have called him the greatest shooter in NBA history.", "Stephen Curry __knowledge__ In 2014–15, Curry won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award and led the Warriors to their first championship since 1975.", "Stephen Curry __knowledge__ The following season, he became the first player in NBA history to be elected MVP by a unanimous vote and to lead the league in scoring while shooting above 50–40–90.", "Stephen Curry __knowledge__ That same year, the Warriors broke the record for the most wins in an NBA season en route to reaching the 2016 NBA Finals, which they lost to the Cleveland Cavaliers.", "Family __knowledge__ In the context of human society, a family (from ) is a group of people affiliated either by consanguinity (by recognized birth), affinity (by marriage or other relationship), or co-residence (as implied by the etymology of the English word \"family\") or some combination of these.", "Family __knowledge__ Members of the immediate family may include spouses, parents, brothers, sisters, sons, and daughters.", "Family __knowledge__ Members of the extended family may include grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and siblings-in-law.", "Family __knowledge__ Sometimes these are also considered members of the immediate family, depending on an individual's specific relationship with them.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ Rotnei Clarke (born July 20, 1989) is an American professional basketball player for the Illawarra Hawks of the National Basketball League (NBL).", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ He played college basketball for the University of Arkansas and Butler University before beginning his professional career in Australia with the Wollongong Hawks.", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ In his rookie season, he was named the NBL's Most Valuable Player.", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ He went on to play in Belgium and Germany before returning to the Hawks in 2016.", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ He can play both point guard and shooting guard, and is known for his three-point shooting ability.", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ During high school, Clarke's sharp shooting and chase for the Oklahoma high-school scoring record attracted large crowds.", "C (programming language) __knowledge__ C (, as in the letter \"c\") is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations.", "C (programming language) __knowledge__ By design, C provides constructs that map efficiently to typical machine instructions, and therefore it has found lasting use in applications that had formerly been coded in assembly language, including operating systems, as well as various application software for computers ranging from supercomputers to embedded systems.", "C (programming language) __knowledge__ C was originally developed by Dennis Ritchie between 1969 and 1973 at Bell Labs, and used to re-implement the Unix operating system.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Physical growth (particularly in males), and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why human beings change over the course of their life.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Developmental psychologists aim to explain how thinking, feeling and behaviour change throughout life.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ This field examines change across three major dimensions: physical development, cognitive development, and socioemotional development.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Within these three dimensions are a broad range of topics including motor skills, executive functions, moral understanding, language acquisition, social change, personality, emotional development, self-concept and identity formation.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Child protection __knowledge__ Child protection is the protection of children from violence, exploitation, abuse and neglect.", "Child protection __knowledge__ Article 19 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child provides for the protection of children in and out of the home.", "Child protection __knowledge__ Child protection systems are a set of usually government-run services designed to protect children and young people who are underage and to encourage family stability.", "Child protection __knowledge__ UNICEF defines a ‘child protection system’ as: Due to economic reasons, especially in poor countries, children are forced to work in order to survive.", "Child protection __knowledge__ Child labour often happens in difficult conditions, which are dangerous and impair the education of the future citizens and increase vulnerability to adults.", "Child neglect __knowledge__ Child neglect is a form of child abuse, and is a deficit in meeting a child's basic needs, including the failure to provide adequate health care, supervision, clothing, nutrition, housing as well as their physical, emotional, social, educational and safety needs.", "Child neglect __knowledge__ Society generally believes there are necessary behaviors a caregiver must provide in order for a child to develop physically, socially, and emotionally.", "Child neglect __knowledge__ Causes of neglect may result from several parenting problems including mental disorders, substance abuse, domestic violence, unemployment, unplanned pregnancy, and poverty.", "Child neglect __knowledge__ Child neglect depends on how a child and society perceives the parents’ behavior; it is not how parents believe they are behaving towards their child.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ Child abuse or child maltreatment is physical, sexual, or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or other caregiver.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or other caregiver that results in actual or potential harm to a child, and can occur in a child's home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ The terms \"child abuse\" and \"child maltreatment\" are often used interchangeably, although some researchers make a distinction between them, treating \"child maltreatment\" as an umbrella term to cover neglect, exploitation, and trafficking." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Executive dysfunction __knowledge__ In psychology and neuroscience, executive dysfunction, or executive function deficit, is a disruption to the efficacy of the executive functions, which is a group of cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage other cognitive processes.", "Executive dysfunction __knowledge__ Executive dysfunction can refer to both neurocognitive deficits and behavioural symptoms.", "Executive dysfunction __knowledge__ It is implicated in numerous psychopathologies and mental disorders, as well as short-term and long-term changes in non-clinical executive control.", "Executive dysfunction __knowledge__ Executive dysfunction is not the same as dysexecutive syndrome, a term coined by Alan Baddeley to describe a common pattern of dysfunction in executive functions, such as deficiencies in planning, abstract thinking, flexibility and behavioural control.", "Cognitive advantages of bilingualism __knowledge__ A bilingual person can traditionally be defined as an individual who uses (understands and produces) two (or more) languages on a regular basis.", "Cognitive advantages of bilingualism __knowledge__ A bilingual person's initial exposure to both languages may have started in early childhood, e.g.", "Cognitive advantages of bilingualism __knowledge__ before age 3, but exposure may also begin later in life.", "Cognitive advantages of bilingualism __knowledge__ While some people assume that bilinguals must be equally proficient in their languages, perfectly equal proficiency is rarely attested, and proficiency typically varies by domain.", "Cognitive advantages of bilingualism __knowledge__ For example, a bilingual person may have greater proficiency for work-related terms in one language, and family-related terms in another language.", "Executive functions __knowledge__ Executive functions (collectively referred to as executive function and cognitive control) are a set of cognitive processes that are necessary for the cognitive control of behavior: selecting and successfully monitoring behaviors that facilitate the attainment of chosen goals.", "Executive functions __knowledge__ Executive functions include basic cognitive processes such as attentional control, cognitive inhibition, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility.", "Executive functions __knowledge__ Higher order executive functions require the simultaneous use of multiple basic executive functions and include planning and fluid intelligence (i.e., reasoning and problem solving).", "Philip David Zelazo __knowledge__ Philip David Zelazo (born 1966) is a developmental psychologist and neuroscientist.", "Philip David Zelazo __knowledge__ His research has helped shape the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience regarding the development of executive function (i.e., conscious self-control of thought, action, and emotion).", "Philip David Zelazo __knowledge__ Zelazo earned an Honours B.A.", "Philip David Zelazo __knowledge__ from McGill University (1988) and a Ph.D. with Distinction from Yale University (1993).", "Philip David Zelazo __knowledge__ From 1992-2007, he was on the faculty at the University of Toronto, where he held the Canada Research Chair in Developmental Neuroscience.", "Philip David Zelazo __knowledge__ In 2007, Zelazo moved to the University of Minnesota, where he holds the Nancy M. and John E. Lindahl Professorship in the Institute of Child Development, and is Co-Director (with Stephanie M. Carlson) of the Developmental Social Cognitive Neuroscience Lab.", "Stephanie M. Carlson __knowledge__ Stephanie M. Carlson is an American developmental psychologist whose research has contributed to scientific understanding of the development of children’s executive function skills, including psychometrics and the key roles of imagination and distancing.", "Stephanie M. Carlson __knowledge__ Carlson is Distinguished McKnight University Professor at the University of Minnesota, and Co-founder of Reflection Sciences, Inc.", "Stephanie M. Carlson __knowledge__ Professor Carlson is a graduate of Bucknell University (summa cum laude), and obtained her Ph.D. in Psychology at the University of Oregon in 1997, where she studied with Marjorie Taylor, Lou Moses, Dare Baldwin, Mary Rothbart, and Michael Posner.", "Neurobiological effects of physical exercise __knowledge__ The are numerous and involve a wide range of interrelated effects on brain structure, brain function, and cognition.", "Neurobiological effects of physical exercise __knowledge__ A large body of research in humans has demonstrated that consistent aerobic exercise (e.g., 30 minutes every day) induces persistent improvements in certain cognitive functions, healthy alterations in gene expression in the brain, and beneficial forms of neuroplasticity and behavioral plasticity; some of these long-term effects include: increased neuron growth, increased neurological activity (e.g., and BDNF signaling), improved stress coping, enhanced cognitive control of behavior, improved declarative, spatial, and working memory, and structural and functional improvements in brain structures and pathways associated with cognitive control and memory.", "FCA Controlled Functions __knowledge__ The Controlled Functions of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) are simplifying code names given to various functions within the financial services and relating to the carrying on of regulated activities by a firm.", "FCA Controlled Functions __knowledge__ These are specified, under section 59 of the Financial Services and Markets Act which still stands as the reference after the FSA split into the FCA and the PRA.", "FCA Controlled Functions __knowledge__ The FCA is solely responsible for all applications for approval for FCA Designated Controlled Functions for all FCA solo regulated firms.", "FCA Controlled Functions __knowledge__ If a firm is a body corporate (other than a limited liability partnership), the director function is the function of acting in the capacity of a director (other than non-executive director) of that firm.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why human beings change over the course of their life.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Developmental psychologists aim to explain how thinking, feeling and behaviour change throughout life.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ This field examines change across three major dimensions: physical development, cognitive development, and socioemotional development.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Within these three dimensions are a broad range of topics including motor skills, executive functions, moral understanding, language acquisition, social change, personality, emotional development, self-concept and identity formation.", "Moral psychology __knowledge__ Moral psychology is a field of study in both philosophy and psychology.", "Moral psychology __knowledge__ Some use the term \"moral psychology\" relatively narrowly to refer to the study of moral development.", "Moral psychology __knowledge__ However, others tend to use the term more broadly to include any topics at the intersection of ethics, psychology, and philosophy of mind.", "Moral psychology __knowledge__ Some of the main topics of the field are moral judgment, moral reasoning, moral sensitivity, moral responsibility, moral motivation, moral identity, moral action, moral development, moral diversity, moral character (especially as related to virtue ethics), altruism, psychological egoism, moral luck, moral forecasting, moral emotion, affective forecasting, and moral disagreement.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication refers to the use of communication to facilitate social development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication engages stakeholders and policy makers, establishes conducive environments, assesses risks and opportunities and promotes information exchanges to bring about positive social change via sustainable development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication techniques include information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change and community participation.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication has been labeled the \"Fifth Theory of the Press\", with \"social transformation and development\", and \"the fulfillment of basic needs\" as its primary purposes.", "Fine motor skill __knowledge__ Fine motor skill (or dexterity) is the coordination of small muscles, in movements—usually involving the synchronization of hands and fingers—with the eyes.", "Fine motor skill __knowledge__ The complex levels of manual dexterity that humans exhibit can be attributed to and demonstrated in tasks controlled by the nervous system.", "Fine motor skill __knowledge__ Fine motor skills aid in the growth of intelligence and develop continuously throughout the stages of human development.", "Fine motor skill __knowledge__ Motor skills are movements and actions of the bone structures.", "Fine motor skill __knowledge__ Typically, they are categorized into two groups: gross motor skills and fine motor skills.", "Fine motor skill __knowledge__ Gross motor skills are involved in movement and coordination of the arms, legs, and other large body parts and movements." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "School-based Science Practical Assessment (SPA) for GCE 'O' Level in Singapore __knowledge__ The School-based Science Practical Assessment is a component in the Physics [Syllabus 5059], Chemistry [Syllabus 5073] and Biology [Syllabus 5158] subject assessment of the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level examination.", "School-based Science Practical Assessment (SPA) for GCE 'O' Level in Singapore __knowledge__ It assesses candidates' competence in science practical skills over an appropriate period of time that the candidates are offered the subject, and constitutes 20% of the overall marks for the subject.", "School-based Science Practical Assessment (SPA) for GCE 'O' Level in Singapore __knowledge__ SPA replaced the traditional Practical Examination, which was normally conducted at the end of the 2-year course, in 2006.", "School-based Science Practical Assessment (SPA) for GCE 'O' Level in Singapore __knowledge__ Instead of a one-time practical examination, pupils will be assessed on their practical skills in a series of practical sessions throughout the 2-year course.", "Scuba skills __knowledge__ Scuba skills are the skills required to dive safely using self-contained underwater breathing apparatus, (scuba).", "Scuba skills __knowledge__ Most of these skills are relevant to both open circuit and rebreather scuba, and many are also relevant to surface-supplied diving.", "Scuba skills __knowledge__ Those skills which are critical to the safety of the diver may require more practice than is usually provided during training to achieve reliable long-term proficiency Some of the skills are generally accepted by recreational diver certification agencies as necessary for any scuba diver to be considered competent to dive without direct supervision, and others are more advanced, though some diver certification and accreditation organizations may consider some of these to also be essential for minimum acceptable entry level competence.", "Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level __knowledge__ The Singapore-Cambridge General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level (O-level) examination is a national examination held annually in Singapore.", "Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level __knowledge__ The examinations are jointly conducted by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) as well as the Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB).", "Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level __knowledge__ Despite the engagement of an identical examination board as partnering authority, the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level examination have no relation to the British GCSE examinations, having de-linked since 2006 when the Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) took over the management of the national examination.", "Emergency medical services __knowledge__ Emergency medical services, also known as ambulance services or paramedic services (abbreviated to the initialism EMS, EMAS, EMARS or SAMU in some countries), are a type of emergency service dedicated to providing out-of-hospital acute medical care, transport to definitive care, and other medical transport to patients with illnesses and injuries which prevent the patient from transporting themselves.", "Emergency medical services __knowledge__ Emergency medical services may also be locally known as a paramedic service, a first aid squad, FAST squad, emergency squad, rescue squad, ambulance squad, ambulance service, ambulance corps, or life squad.", "Anarky __knowledge__ Anarky is a fictional character, appearing in comic books published by DC Comics.", "Anarky __knowledge__ Co-created by Alan Grant and Norm Breyfogle, he first appeared in \"Detective Comics\" No.", "Anarky __knowledge__ 608 (November 1989), as an adversary of Batman.", "Anarky __knowledge__ Introduced as Lonnie Machin, a child prodigy with knowledge of radical philosophy and driven to overthrow governments to improve social conditions, stories revolving around Anarky often focus on political and philosophical themes.", "Anarky __knowledge__ The character, who is named after the philosophy of anarchism, primarily espouses anti-statism; however, multiple social issues have been addressed through the character, including environmentalism, antimilitarism, economic inequality, and political corruption.", "Chief information officer (higher education) __knowledge__ A chief information officer in higher education is the senior executive who is responsible for information and communications technology in the university, college or other higher education institution.", "Chief information officer (higher education) __knowledge__ The position may not necessarily be called a CIO in some institutions.", "Chief information officer (higher education) __knowledge__ The CIO title is often coupled with Vice President/Vice Chancellor of information technology, is primarily used at doctoral/research institutions, while the titles of Director or Dean are more common at the other five types of Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education; MA I, MA II, BA Liberal Arts, BA General, and AA.", "Occupational inequality __knowledge__ Occupational inequality is the unequal treatment of people based on gender, sexuality, height, weight, accent, or race in the workplace.", "Occupational inequality __knowledge__ When researchers study trends in occupational inequality they usually focus on distribution or allocation pattern of groups across occupations, for example, the distribution of men compared to women in a certain occupation.", "Occupational inequality __knowledge__ Secondly, they focus on the link between occupation and income, for example, comparing the income of whites with blacks in the same occupation.", "Occupational inequality __knowledge__ Occupational inequality greatly affects the socioeconomic status of an individual which is linked with their access to resources like finding a job, buying a house, etc.", "Executive functions __knowledge__ Executive functions (collectively referred to as executive function and cognitive control) are a set of cognitive processes that are necessary for the cognitive control of behavior: selecting and successfully monitoring behaviors that facilitate the attainment of chosen goals.", "Executive functions __knowledge__ Executive functions include basic cognitive processes such as attentional control, cognitive inhibition, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility.", "Executive functions __knowledge__ Higher order executive functions require the simultaneous use of multiple basic executive functions and include planning and fluid intelligence (i.e., reasoning and problem solving).", "Neurobiological effects of physical exercise __knowledge__ The are numerous and involve a wide range of interrelated effects on brain structure, brain function, and cognition.", "Neurobiological effects of physical exercise __knowledge__ A large body of research in humans has demonstrated that consistent aerobic exercise (e.g., 30 minutes every day) induces persistent improvements in certain cognitive functions, healthy alterations in gene expression in the brain, and beneficial forms of neuroplasticity and behavioral plasticity; some of these long-term effects include: increased neuron growth, increased neurological activity (e.g., and BDNF signaling), improved stress coping, enhanced cognitive control of behavior, improved declarative, spatial, and working memory, and structural and functional improvements in brain structures and pathways associated with cognitive control and memory.", "Attentional control __knowledge__ Attentional control refers to an individual's capacity to choose what they pay attention to and what they ignore.", "Attentional control __knowledge__ It is also known as endogenous attention or executive attention.", "Attentional control __knowledge__ In lay terms, attentional control can be described as an individual's ability to concentrate.", "Attentional control __knowledge__ Primarily mediated by the frontal areas of the brain including the anterior cingulate cortex, attentional control is thought to be closely related to other executive functions such as working memory.", "Attentional control __knowledge__ Sources of attention in our brain create a system of three networks: alertness (maintaining awareness), orientation (information from sensory input), and executive control (resolving conflict).", "Cognitive flexibility __knowledge__ Cognitive flexibility has been described as the mental ability to switch between thinking about two different concepts, and to think about multiple concepts simultaneously.", "Cognitive flexibility __knowledge__ Cognitive flexibility is usually described as one of the executive functions.", "Cognitive flexibility __knowledge__ Two subcategories of cognitive flexibility are task switching and cognitive shifting, depending on whether the change happens unconsciously or consciously, respectively.", "Cognitive flexibility __knowledge__ Cognitive flexibility varies during the lifespan of an individual.", "Cognitive flexibility __knowledge__ In addition, certain conditions such as obsessive–compulsive disorder are associated with reduced cognitive flexibility.", "Supervisory attentional system __knowledge__ Executive functions are a cognitive apparatus that controls and manages cognitive processes.", "Supervisory attentional system __knowledge__ Norman and Shallice (1980) proposed a model on executive functioning of attentional control that specifies how thought and action schemata become activated or suppressed for routine and non-routine circumstances.", "Supervisory attentional system __knowledge__ Schemas, or scripts, specify an individual's series of actions or thoughts under the influence of environmental conditions.", "Supervisory attentional system __knowledge__ Every stimulus condition turns on the activation of a response or schema.", "Supervisory attentional system __knowledge__ The initiation of appropriate schema under routine, well-learned situations is monitored by contention scheduling which laterally inhibits competing schemas for the control of cognitive apparatus.", "Working memory __knowledge__ Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that is responsible for temporarily holding information available for processing.", "Working memory __knowledge__ Working memory is important for reasoning and the guidance of decision-making and behavior.", "Working memory __knowledge__ Working memory is often used synonymously with short-term memory, but some theorists consider the two forms of memory distinct, assuming that working memory allows for the manipulation of stored information, whereas short-term memory only refers to the short-term storage of information.", "Working memory __knowledge__ Working memory is a theoretical concept central to cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and neuroscience.", "Executive dysfunction __knowledge__ In psychology and neuroscience, executive dysfunction, or executive function deficit, is a disruption to the efficacy of the executive functions, which is a group of cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage other cognitive processes.", "Executive dysfunction __knowledge__ Executive dysfunction can refer to both neurocognitive deficits and behavioural symptoms.", "Executive dysfunction __knowledge__ It is implicated in numerous psychopathologies and mental disorders, as well as short-term and long-term changes in non-clinical executive control.", "Executive dysfunction __knowledge__ Executive dysfunction is not the same as dysexecutive syndrome, a term coined by Alan Baddeley to describe a common pattern of dysfunction in executive functions, such as deficiencies in planning, abstract thinking, flexibility and behavioural control." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Art Angels __knowledge__ Art Angels is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer and songwriter Claire Boucher, professionally known as Grimes.", "Art Angels __knowledge__ It was digitally released on November 6, 2015 by 4AD, and in physical formats on December 11.", "Art Angels __knowledge__ Boucher began planning the record in 2013 as the follow-up to her third studio album \"Visions\", however she scrapped most of the material from these sessions and began a new set of recordings in 2014.", "Art Angels __knowledge__ The track \"Realiti\", which came from the earlier recordings, was released as a demo in early 2015.", "Art Angels __knowledge__ \"Art Angels\" has been described as being more accessible than Boucher's previous albums while retaining her experimental influences.", "Augustine Chacon __knowledge__ Augustine Chacon (1861 – November 21, 1902), or El Peludo (English: \"The Hairy One\"), was a Mexican outlaw and folk hero of Arizona Territory.", "Augustine Chacon __knowledge__ Although a self-proclaimed badman, he was well liked by settlers, who treated him as a Robin Hood-like character, rather than a typical raider.", "Augustine Chacon __knowledge__ According to Old West historian Marshall Trimble, Chacon was \"\"one of the last of the hard-riding desperados who rode the owl-hoot trail in Arizona around the turn of the century.\"\"", "Augustine Chacon __knowledge__ He was considered extremely dangerous to authorities, having killed about thirty people before being captured by Burton C. Mossman and hanged.", "Burton C. Mossman __knowledge__ Burton C. Mossman (April 30, 1867 – September 5, 1956) was an American lawman and cattleman in the final years of the Old West.", "Burton C. Mossman __knowledge__ He is most remembered for his capture of the notorious border bandit Augustine Chacon in 1902, though he was also a successful businessman that owned the large Diamond A Ranch in New Mexico.", "Burton C. Mossman __knowledge__ Burton C. Mossman was born on April 30, 1867, at farmhouse near Aurora, Illinois.", "Burton C. Mossman __knowledge__ In 1873, he and his family moved to Missouri and in 1882 they moved again, this time to New Mexico.", "Burton C. Mossman __knowledge__ Sometime after 1884, Mossman became a cowboy employed by the Hashknife Outfit, a large cattle company in northern Arizona Territory.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "Rachel Galinne __knowledge__ Rachel Galinne (Rachel S. Gluchowicz) (Hebrew: רחל גלעין; born 7 February 1949) is an Israeli composer.", "Rachel Galinne __knowledge__ Rachel Galinne was born in Stockholm, Sweden.", "Rachel Galinne __knowledge__ She graduated from Uppsala University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1974 and then studied composition with Leon Schidlowsky at the Rubin Academy at Tel-Aviv University, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Music degree in 1984 and a Master of Music degree in 1988.", "Rachel Galinne __knowledge__ She also studied composition with Witold Lutoslawski in France, and attended Darmstadt.", "Rachel Galinne __knowledge__ After completing her studies, she worked as a composer.", "Rachel Galinne __knowledge__ In 1994 she received the Prime Minister's Prize for Composers and the ACUM Prize.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Parent management training __knowledge__ Parent management training (PMT), also known as behavioral parent training (BPT) or simply parent training, is a family of treatment programs that aims to change parenting behaviors, teaching parents positive reinforcement methods for improving pre-school and school-age children's behavior problems (such as aggression, hyperactivity, temper tantrums, and difficulty following directions).", "Parent management training __knowledge__ PMT is one of the most investigated treatments available for disruptive behavior, particularly oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD); it is effective in reducing child disruptive behavior and improving parental mental health.", "Video interaction guidance __knowledge__ Video interaction guidance (VIG) is a video feedback intervention through which a “guider” helps a client to enhance communication within relationships.", "Video interaction guidance __knowledge__ The client is guided to analyse and reflect on video clips of their own interactions.", "Video interaction guidance __knowledge__ Applications include a caregiver and infant (often used in attachment-based therapy), and other education and care home interactions.", "Video interaction guidance __knowledge__ VIG is used in more than 15 countries and by at least 4000 practitioners.", "Video interaction guidance __knowledge__ Video Interaction Guidance has been used where concerns have been expressed over possible parental neglect in cases where the focus child is aged 2–12, and where the child is not the subject of a child protection plan.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ Child abuse or child maltreatment is physical, sexual, or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or other caregiver.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or other caregiver that results in actual or potential harm to a child, and can occur in a child's home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ The terms \"child abuse\" and \"child maltreatment\" are often used interchangeably, although some researchers make a distinction between them, treating \"child maltreatment\" as an umbrella term to cover neglect, exploitation, and trafficking.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting (AP) is a parenting philosophy that proposes methods which aim to promote the attachment of mother and infant not only by maximal maternal empathy and responsiveness but also by continuous bodily closeness and touch.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The term \"attachment parenting\" has been coined by the American pediatrician William Sears.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ In family sociology, attachment parenting is considered to be the most striking manifestation of \"intensive mothering\" or \"New momism\".", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The doctrine has hence been targeted by criticism from a host of objectors.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting is only one of many responsiveness and love-oriented parenting philosophies that entered the pedagogical mainstream after World War II, and it owes many of its ideas to older teachings, such as Benjamin Spock's influential handbook \"Baby and Child Care\" (1946).", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development." ] ]

[ 1, 55, 20, 7, 0 ]

[ "I wonder the same thing too. As long as you promote and support the emotional, social, and physical development of a child you are doing well.", "I guess that would be promoting development of your children in multiple ways like motor skills, executive function, moral understanding, and social change, etc.", "They are a set of cognitive functions that are essential for controlling behavior like attentional control, working memory and cognitive flexibility. ", "Yes, us parents can only strive to be \"good parents\" by having good parenting skills.", "Yes, I understand that completely. My mother wasn't the best caretaker herself. " ]

[ "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting" ]

[ "Visual impairment", "I think it would be really hard to be blind. What are some of the things that blind people struggle with?", "That is tough. I was watching the TV the other day and a commercial came on about Non 24 disorder. Do you know anything about that." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment, also known as vision impairment or vision loss, is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Some also include those who have a decreased ability to see because they do not have access to glasses or contact lenses.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment is often defined as a best corrected visual acuity of worse than either 20/40 or 20/60.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ The term blindness is used for complete or nearly complete vision loss.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment may cause people difficulties with normal daily activities such as driving, reading, socializing, and walking.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ The most common causes of visual impairment globally are uncorrected refractive errors (43%), cataracts (33%), and glaucoma (2%).", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Refractive errors include near sighted, far sighted, presbyopia, and astigmatism.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Cataracts are the most common cause of blindness.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Other disorders that may cause visual problems include age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal clouding, childhood blindness, and a number of infections.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment can also be caused by problems in the brain due to stroke, premature birth, or trauma among others.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ These cases are known as cortical visual impairment." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment, also known as vision impairment or vision loss, is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Some also include those who have a decreased ability to see because they do not have access to glasses or contact lenses.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment is often defined as a best corrected visual acuity of worse than either 20/40 or 20/60.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ The term blindness is used for complete or nearly complete vision loss.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment may cause people difficulties with normal daily activities such as driving, reading, socializing, and walking.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ The most common causes of visual impairment globally are uncorrected refractive errors (43%), cataracts (33%), and glaucoma (2%).", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Refractive errors include near sighted, far sighted, presbyopia, and astigmatism.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Cataracts are the most common cause of blindness.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Other disorders that may cause visual problems include age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal clouding, childhood blindness, and a number of infections.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment can also be caused by problems in the brain due to stroke, premature birth, or trauma among others.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ These cases are known as cortical visual impairment.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ The National Federation of the Blind (NFB) is an organization of blind people in the United States.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ It is the oldest and largest organization led by blind people in the United States.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ Its national headquarters are in Baltimore, Maryland.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ Anyone, blind or sighted, is permitted to join the NFB, but a majority of members in its local chapters, state affiliates, and nationwide divisions must be blind, as must its officers and board members at every level with exception of the National Organization of Parents of Blind Children.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ This structure is intended to ensure that the organization is run by blind people and reflects the collective views of its blind members, the NFB refers to itself as \"the voice of the nation's blind.\"", "Blindness (film) __knowledge__ Blindness is a 2008 English-language film, an adaptation of the 1995 novel of the same name by Portuguese author José Saramago about a society suffering an epidemic of blindness.", "Blindness (film) __knowledge__ The film was written by Don McKellar and directed by Fernando Meirelles with Julianne Moore and Mark Ruffalo as the main characters.", "Blindness (film) __knowledge__ Saramago originally refused to sell the rights for a film adaptation, but the producers were able to acquire it with the condition that the film would be set in an unnamed and unrecognizable city.", "Blindness (film) __knowledge__ \"Blindness\" premiered as the opening film at the Cannes Film Festival on May 14, 2008, and the film was released in the United States on October 3, 2008.", "Optacon __knowledge__ The Optacon (OPtical to TActile CONverter) is an electromechanical device that enables blind people to read printed material that has not been transcribed into Braille.", "Optacon __knowledge__ The Optacon consists of a main electronics unit about the size of a portable tape recorder connected by a thin cable to a camera module about the size of a penknife (See Fig.", "Optacon __knowledge__ 1).", "Optacon __knowledge__ The main electronics unit contains a \"tactile array\" onto which the blind person places his/her index finger.", "Optacon __knowledge__ The Optacon user moves the camera module across a line of print, and an image of an area about the size of a letterspace is transmitted via the connecting cable to the main electronics unit.", "Kenneth Jernigan __knowledge__ Norman Kenneth Jernigan (November 13, 1926 – October 12, 1998) was the longtime leader of the National Federation of the Blind, the largest and oldest blind people's organization in the United States.", "Kenneth Jernigan __knowledge__ Kenneth Jernigan was born totally blind in Detroit, Michigan, but grew up on a farm in the hills of Tennessee.", "Kenneth Jernigan __knowledge__ Beginning at the age of six, he was educated at the Tennessee School for the Blind in Nashville, Tennessee.", "Kenneth Jernigan __knowledge__ He attended Tennessee Tech University in Cookeville, Tennessee for his undergraduate work, and he went on to earn his Master's Degree in English from Peabody College in Nashville.", "Kenneth Jernigan __knowledge__ He excelled at that institution both academically and in leadership development.", "GPS for the visually impaired __knowledge__ Since the Global Positioning System (GPS) was introduced in the late 1980s there have been many attempts to integrate it into a navigation-assistance system for blind and visually impaired people.", "GPS for the visually impaired __knowledge__ Corsair is a GPS for pedestrians.", "GPS for the visually impaired __knowledge__ It allows you to discover places around you and take you there.", "GPS for the visually impaired __knowledge__ A new way of guidance has been developed by using the smartphone's vibration feature to indicate the direction to follow.", "GPS for the visually impaired __knowledge__ This solution is particularly useful for people with visual impairments.", "GPS for the visually impaired __knowledge__ Cydalion is a navigation aid for people with visual impairments for Tango-enabled devices.", "GPS for the visually impaired __knowledge__ Cydalion detects objects (including their height), offers custom sounds, and has a personalized user interface.", "Action for Blind People __knowledge__ Action for Blind People was a national sight loss charity in the United Kingdom, that provided help and support to blind and partially sighted people of all ages.", "Action for Blind People __knowledge__ In 2017 the organisation merged with RNIB who they'd be in a partnership with since 2009.", "Action for Blind People __knowledge__ Action for Blind People was founded in 1857 as the Surrey Association for the General Welfare of the Blind and later became the London Association for the Blind.", "Action for Blind People __knowledge__ The Association's main activities in the early days were teaching blind people to read and to learn practical trades.", "Action for Blind People __knowledge__ Opportunities and attitudes towards blind and partially sighted people have changed over the years, along with the nature and the scale of the Association's work.", "National Eye Institute __knowledge__ The National Eye Institute (NEI) was established in 1968 and is located in Bethesda, Maryland.", "National Eye Institute __knowledge__ The NEI is one of 27 institutes and centers of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), an agency of the US Department of Health and Human Services.", "National Eye Institute __knowledge__ The mission of NEI is to prolong and protect the vision of the American people.", "National Eye Institute __knowledge__ The NEI conducts and performs research into treating and preventing diseases affecting the eye or vision.", "National Eye Institute __knowledge__ Before the NEI was established, primary responsibility for vision research at NIH was done by the National Institute of Neurological Disease and Blindness (NINDB) (which is now known as the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke).", "Usher syndrome __knowledge__ Usher syndrome, also known as Hallgren syndrome, Usher-Hallgren syndrome, retinitis pigmentosa-dysacusis syndrome, or dystrophia retinae dysacusis syndrome, is an extremely rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in any one of at least 11 genes resulting in a combination of hearing loss and visual impairment.", "Usher syndrome __knowledge__ It is a leading cause of deafblindness and is at present incurable.", "Usher syndrome __knowledge__ Usher syndrome is classed into three subtypes according to onset and severity of symptoms.", "Usher syndrome __knowledge__ All three subtypes are caused by mutations in genes involved in the function of the inner ear and retina.", "Usher syndrome __knowledge__ These mutations are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.", "Vision rehabilitation __knowledge__ Vision rehabilitation (often called vision rehab) is a term for a medical rehabilitation to improve vision or low vision.", "Vision rehabilitation __knowledge__ In other words, it is the process of restoring functional ability and improving quality of life and independence in an individual who has lost visual function through illness or injury.", "Vision rehabilitation __knowledge__ Most visual rehabilitation services are focused on low vision, which is a visual impairment that cannot be fully corrected by regular eyeglasses, contact lenses, medication, or surgery.", "Vision rehabilitation __knowledge__ Low vision interferes with the ability to perform everyday activities.", "Vision rehabilitation __knowledge__ Visual impairment is caused by factors including brain damage, vision loss, and others.", "Macular degeneration __knowledge__ Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field.", "Macular degeneration __knowledge__ Early on there are often no symptoms.", "Macular degeneration __knowledge__ Over time, however, some people experience a gradual worsening of vision that may affect one or both eyes.", "Macular degeneration __knowledge__ While it does not result in complete blindness, loss of central vision can make it hard to recognize faces, drive, read, or perform other activities of daily life.", "Macular degeneration __knowledge__ Visual hallucinations may also occur and these do not represent a mental illness.", "Macular degeneration __knowledge__ Macular degeneration typically occurs in older people.", "Sensory loss __knowledge__ Many types of sense loss occur due to a dysfunctional sensation process, whether it be ineffective receptors, nerve damage, or cerebral impairment.", "Sensory loss __knowledge__ Unlike agnosia, these impairments are due to damages prior to the perception process.", "Sensory loss __knowledge__ Degrees of vision loss vary dramatically, although the ICD-9 released in 1979 categorized them into three tiers: normal vision, low vision, and blindness.", "Sensory loss __knowledge__ Two significant causes of vision loss due to sensory failures include media opacity and optic nerve diseases, although hypoxia and retinal disease can also lead to blindness.", "Sensory loss __knowledge__ Most causes of vision loss can cause varying degrees of damage, from total blindness to a negligible effect.", "Para-equestrian classification __knowledge__ Para-equestrian classification is a system for para-equestrian sport is a graded system based on the degree of physical or visual disability and handled at the international level by the FEI.", "Para-equestrian classification __knowledge__ The sport has eligible classifications for people with physical and vision disabilities.", "Para-equestrian classification __knowledge__ Groups of eligible riders include The sport is open to competitors with impaired muscle power, athetosis, impaired passive range of movement, hypertonia, limb deficiency, ataxia, leg length difference, short stature, and vision impairment.", "Para-equestrian classification __knowledge__ They are grouped into five different classes to allow fair competition.", "Para-equestrian classification __knowledge__ These classes are Grade Ia, Grade Ib, Grade II, Grade III, and Grade IV." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment, also known as vision impairment or vision loss, is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Some also include those who have a decreased ability to see because they do not have access to glasses or contact lenses.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment is often defined as a best corrected visual acuity of worse than either 20/40 or 20/60.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ The term blindness is used for complete or nearly complete vision loss.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment may cause people difficulties with normal daily activities such as driving, reading, socializing, and walking.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ The most common causes of visual impairment globally are uncorrected refractive errors (43%), cataracts (33%), and glaucoma (2%).", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Refractive errors include near sighted, far sighted, presbyopia, and astigmatism.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Cataracts are the most common cause of blindness.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Other disorders that may cause visual problems include age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal clouding, childhood blindness, and a number of infections.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ Visual impairment can also be caused by problems in the brain due to stroke, premature birth, or trauma among others.", "Visual impairment __knowledge__ These cases are known as cortical visual impairment.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing, mixing or re-recording is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are \"mixed\" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ The process usually takes place on a dub stage.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ After sound editors edit and prepare all the necessary tracks – dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, Foley, music – the dubbing mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR, also known as \"additional dialogue replacement\", \"automated dialogue recording\", and \"looping\", in which the original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"You Don't Know Anything\" is a song by American indie rock band Ivy.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ It was released by Atlantic Records on April 29, 1999 as the fourth and final single from their second studio album, \"Apartment Life\" (1997).", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The single was made available exclusively in Europe and featured the same two B-sides as previous single, \"This Is the Day\", which had been released by 550 Music in Austria.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The track was written by Dominique Durand, Adam Schlesinger and Andy Chase while production was handled by the latter two and Peter Nashel.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ Released alongside \"This Is the Day\", \"You Don't Know Anything\" received promotion by Atlantic Records after the former track was included on the soundtrack for the 1998 film, \"There's Something About Mary\".", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series \"The Monkees\", which aired from 1966 to 1968.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ The National Federation of the Blind (NFB) is an organization of blind people in the United States.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ It is the oldest and largest organization led by blind people in the United States.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ Its national headquarters are in Baltimore, Maryland.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ Anyone, blind or sighted, is permitted to join the NFB, but a majority of members in its local chapters, state affiliates, and nationwide divisions must be blind, as must its officers and board members at every level with exception of the National Organization of Parents of Blind Children.", "National Federation of the Blind __knowledge__ This structure is intended to ensure that the organization is run by blind people and reflects the collective views of its blind members, the NFB refers to itself as \"the voice of the nation's blind.\"", "Urft Dam __knowledge__ The Urft Dam () is a 58.50 metre high dam in the southwestern part of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.", "Urft Dam __knowledge__ It was built in 1905.", "Urft Dam __knowledge__ The dam impounds the River Urft in the district of Euskirchen to create the Urft Reservoir (\"Urftstausee\"), 2.16 km² in area.", "Urft Dam __knowledge__ The reservoir is also called the \"Urftsee\" (Lake Urft).", "Urft Dam __knowledge__ The Urft Dam, which was constructed during the period 1900 to 1905, and the Urft Reservoir, which was then the biggest reservoir in Europe, have belonged since 1993 to the Eifel-Rur Water Board (\"Wasserverband Eifel-Rur\").", "Urft Dam __knowledge__ The Urft barrier system that comprises the Urft Dam and Urft Reservoir is located in the Rur Eifel, a subdivision of the North Eifel region, south of the Kermeter ridge, north-northeast of the Dreiborn Plateau between Simmerath-Rurberg (in the neighbouring region of Aachen) to the west-northwest and Schleiden-Gemünd (Euskirchen district) to the east-southeast.", "Optacon __knowledge__ The Optacon (OPtical to TActile CONverter) is an electromechanical device that enables blind people to read printed material that has not been transcribed into Braille.", "Optacon __knowledge__ The Optacon consists of a main electronics unit about the size of a portable tape recorder connected by a thin cable to a camera module about the size of a penknife (See Fig.", "Optacon __knowledge__ 1).", "Optacon __knowledge__ The main electronics unit contains a \"tactile array\" onto which the blind person places his/her index finger.", "Optacon __knowledge__ The Optacon user moves the camera module across a line of print, and an image of an area about the size of a letterspace is transmitted via the connecting cable to the main electronics unit.", "Jenna Marshall __knowledge__ Jenna Marshall is a fictional character created by Sara Shepard for the \"Pretty Little Liars\" book series, and later developed for the Freeform television series adaptation by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Tammin Sursok.", "Jenna Marshall __knowledge__ Jenna is one of the main antagonists in the TV show.", "Jenna Marshall __knowledge__ Her blindness is a result of a prank orchestrated by Alison DiLaurentis, making it the Liars' deadliest secret until Hanna Marin accidentally runs over Archer Dunhill.", "Jenna Marshall __knowledge__ Although in the novels Jenna is murdered in \"Wanted\", in the show she is still alive.", "Jenna Marshall __knowledge__ Jenna is a major recurring character in the first five seasons, acting as a member of the A-Team, while being absent for the sixth, and returning as a secondary antagonist in the seventh, working as a helper to Uber A. Toby had described Jenna as \"someone who gets whatever she wants\".", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Color blindness can make some educational activities difficult.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Buying fruit, picking clothing, and reading traffic lights can be more challenging, for example.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ Problems, however, are generally minor and most people adapt.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ People with total color blindness, however, may also have decreased visual acuity and be uncomfortable in bright environments.", "Color blindness __knowledge__ The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited fault in the development of one or more of the three sets of color sensing cones in the eye.", "Blindness (film) __knowledge__ Blindness is a 2008 English-language film, an adaptation of the 1995 novel of the same name by Portuguese author José Saramago about a society suffering an epidemic of blindness.", "Blindness (film) __knowledge__ The film was written by Don McKellar and directed by Fernando Meirelles with Julianne Moore and Mark Ruffalo as the main characters.", "Blindness (film) __knowledge__ Saramago originally refused to sell the rights for a film adaptation, but the producers were able to acquire it with the condition that the film would be set in an unnamed and unrecognizable city.", "Blindness (film) __knowledge__ \"Blindness\" premiered as the opening film at the Cannes Film Festival on May 14, 2008, and the film was released in the United States on October 3, 2008." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 0 ]

[ "hi lets talk about blindness also known as vision impairment or vision loss", "well like people with bad eye sight blind people have trouble with normal daily activities such as driving, reading, ", "no I don't have it on non 24 " ]

[ "Visual impairment", "Visual impairment", "Visual impairment" ]

[ "Comedy", "Please tell me more about it. I did not know.", "What year was it?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Comedy __knowledge__ In a modern sense, comedy (from the , \"kōmōidía\") refers to any discourse or work generally intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, television, film, stand-up comedy, or any other medium of entertainment.", "Comedy __knowledge__ The origins of the term are found in Ancient Greece.", "Comedy __knowledge__ In the Athenian democracy, the public opinion of voters was influenced by the political satire performed by the comic poets at the theaters.", "Comedy __knowledge__ The theatrical genre of Greek comedy can be described as a dramatic performance which pits two groups or societies against each other in an amusing agon or conflict.", "Comedy __knowledge__ Northrop Frye depicted these two opposing sides as a \"Society of Youth\" and a \"Society of the Old\".", "Comedy __knowledge__ A revised view characterizes the essential agon of comedy as a struggle between a relatively powerless youth and the societal conventions that pose obstacles to his hopes.", "Comedy __knowledge__ In this struggle, the youth is understood to be constrained by his lack of social authority, and is left with little choice but to take recourse in ruses which engender very dramatic irony which provokes laughter.", "Comedy __knowledge__ Satire and political satire use comedy to portray persons or social institutions as ridiculous or corrupt, thus alienating their audience from the object of their humour." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Comedy __knowledge__ In a modern sense, comedy (from the , \"kōmōidía\") refers to any discourse or work generally intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, television, film, stand-up comedy, or any other medium of entertainment.", "Comedy __knowledge__ The origins of the term are found in Ancient Greece.", "Comedy __knowledge__ In the Athenian democracy, the public opinion of voters was influenced by the political satire performed by the comic poets at the theaters.", "Comedy __knowledge__ The theatrical genre of Greek comedy can be described as a dramatic performance which pits two groups or societies against each other in an amusing agon or conflict.", "Comedy __knowledge__ Northrop Frye depicted these two opposing sides as a \"Society of Youth\" and a \"Society of the Old\".", "Comedy __knowledge__ A revised view characterizes the essential agon of comedy as a struggle between a relatively powerless youth and the societal conventions that pose obstacles to his hopes.", "Comedy __knowledge__ In this struggle, the youth is understood to be constrained by his lack of social authority, and is left with little choice but to take recourse in ruses which engender very dramatic irony which provokes laughter.", "Comedy __knowledge__ Satire and political satire use comedy to portray persons or social institutions as ridiculous or corrupt, thus alienating their audience from the object of their humour.", "Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time __knowledge__ Chauka, please tell us the time is a documentary movie co-directed by Behrouz Boochani and Arash Kamali Sarvestani.", "Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time __knowledge__ It was shot by Behrouz Boochani from inside the Manus Island detention center in Papua New Guinea.", "Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time __knowledge__ The entire movie was shot over a period of several months on a mobile phone, which was kept secret from the prison authorities.", "Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time __knowledge__ Chauka is the name of a native bird on Manus Island and is also the name of the solitary confinement unit at Manus detention center.", "Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time __knowledge__ The Chauka is a symbol of the island and allows locals to tell the time from the Chauka's regular singing.", "Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time __knowledge__ The co-director, Arash Kamali Sarvestani lives in the Netherlands.", "Behrouz Boochani __knowledge__ Behrouz Boochani (Born July 23, 1983 in Ilam, Iran) is a Kurdish journalist, human rights defender, poet and film producer.", "Behrouz Boochani __knowledge__ He is the co-director, along with Arash Kamali Sarvestani, of the documentary \"Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time\" Behrouz Boochani graduated from Tarbiat Modares University with a master's degree in Political Geography and Geopolitics.", "Behrouz Boochani __knowledge__ Boochani worked as a freelance journalist for the Iranian newspapers Kasbokar Weekly, Qanoon, and Etemaad where he published articles on Middle-East politics, minority rights and the survival of Kurdish culture.", "Behrouz Boochani __knowledge__ He cofounded and produced the Kurdish magazine Werya.", "Satya Narayan (Hindu deity) __knowledge__ Thakur Shri Saty Narayan Ji (or SatyNarayan) meaning \"True Image Of Narayan, Satya Roop Of Narayan\", is a deity worshipped by Hindus, mainly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, (Uttar Prdesh), Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Assam, Manipur and Tripura or his avatar Krishna by the Hindus.", "Satya Narayan (Hindu deity) __knowledge__ Saty Narayan Ji is worshipped as part of a triad on the “Ratnavedi\" (jewelled platform).", "Satya Narayan (Hindu deity) __knowledge__ The icon of Saty Narayan is a carved and decorated stone stump with beautiful eyes and with stumps as hands, Saty Narayan Ji hasfour Hands each hand Carries Shankh, Chakra, Gadda and one hand in blessing Position Respectively.", "Adi Parashakti __knowledge__ Adi Parashakti or Adishakti (Sanskrit: आदिशक्ति) is the Supreme Being goddess in the Shaktism sect of Hinduism.", "Adi Parashakti __knowledge__ She is also popularly referred to as \"Parama Shakti\", \"Maha Shakti\", \"Mahadevi\", Parvati, or even simply as \"Shakti\".", "Adi Parashakti __knowledge__ \"Parama\" means \"absolute\", \"Satya\" means the Truth as per many Shakta texts.", "Adi Parashakti __knowledge__ The Devi Bhagavata Mahapurana states that Adi Parashakti is the original creator, observer and destroyer of the whole universe.", "Adi Parashakti __knowledge__ As per Shaktism, Adi Parashakti appeared as Divine Pure Eternal Consciousness i.e.", "Adi Parashakti __knowledge__ Shoonya Bindu, the divine zero feminine energy, which then expresses itself as Prakriti (Universal Nature).", "1963 South Vietnamese coup __knowledge__ In November 1963, President Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam was deposed by a group of Army of the Republic of Vietnam officers who disagreed with his handling of both the Buddhist crisis and the Viet Cong threat to the regime.", "1963 South Vietnamese coup __knowledge__ The Kennedy administration had been aware of the coup planning, but Cable 243 from the United States Department of State to US Ambassador to South Vietnam Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., stated that it was US policy not to try to stop it.", "1963 South Vietnamese coup __knowledge__ Lucien Conein, the Central Intelligence Agency’s liaison between the US embassy and the coup planners, told them that the US would not intervene to stop it.", "Joachim von Ribbentrop __knowledge__ Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop (30 April 1893 – 16 October 1946), more commonly known as Joachim von Ribbentrop, was Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany from 1938 until 1945.", "Joachim von Ribbentrop __knowledge__ Ribbentrop first came to Adolf Hitler's notice as a well-travelled businessman with more knowledge of the outside world than most senior Nazis and as an authority on world affairs.", "Joachim von Ribbentrop __knowledge__ He offered his house for the secret meetings in January 1933 that resulted in Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany.", "Joachim von Ribbentrop __knowledge__ He became a close confidant of Hitler, to the disgust of some party members, who thought him superficial and lacking in talent.", "K. Muthukumar __knowledge__ K. Muthukumar was a Tamil journalist and activist based in Tamil Nadu, who came into prominence when he set himself on fire protesting against the brutal atrocities against the Sri Lankan Tamil people at the peak of civil war in the country.", "K. Muthukumar __knowledge__ His death instantly triggered widespread strikes, demonstrations and public unrest in the state, most notably the manifestation of popular defiance of the Government of India ban against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, which the people demonstrated carrying flags of Tamil Eelam, placards and images of the LTTE leader V. Prabhakaran in the funeral procession of Muthukumar.", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity ( AD).", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era.", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the period of Archaic Greece and colonization of the Mediterranean Basin.", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ This was followed by the period of Classical Greece, an era that began with the Greco-Persian Wars, lasting from the 5th to 4th centuries BC.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece (), officially the Hellenic Republic (), historically also known as Hellas, is a country in Southern Europe, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 0 million as of .", "Greece __knowledge__ Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.", "Greece __knowledge__ Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast.", "Greece __knowledge__ The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.", "Culture of Greece __knowledge__ The culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years, beginning in Mycenaean Greece, continuing most notably into Classical Greece, through the influence of the Roman Empire and its successor the Byzantine Empire.", "Culture of Greece __knowledge__ Other cultures and states such as the Persian Empire, and Frankish states, the Ottoman Empire, the Venetian Republic, Genoese Republic, and British Empire have also left their influence on modern Greek culture, but historians credit the Greek War of Independence with revitalising Greece and giving birth to a single entity of its multi-faceted culture.", "Culture of Greece __knowledge__ Greece is widely considered to be the cradle of Western culture and democracy.", "Classics __knowledge__ Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity.", "Classics __knowledge__ It encompasses the study of the Greco-Roman world, particularly of its languages and literature (Ancient Greek and Classical Latin) but also of Greco-Roman philosophy, history, and archaeology.", "Classics __knowledge__ Traditionally in the West, the study of the Greek and Roman classics was considered one of the cornerstones of the humanities and a necessary part of a rounded education.", "Classics __knowledge__ The study of Classics has been traditionally a cornerstone of a typical elite education.", "Classics __knowledge__ Study encompasses specifically a time-period of history from the mid-2nd millennia BC to the 6th century AD.", "Running in Ancient Greece __knowledge__ In Ancient Greece, the history of running can be traced back to 776 BC.", "Running in Ancient Greece __knowledge__ Running was important to members of ancient Greek society, and is consistently highlighted in documents referencing the Olympic Games.", "Running in Ancient Greece __knowledge__ The Olympic Games hosted a large variety of running events, each with their own set of rules.", "Running in Ancient Greece __knowledge__ The ancient Greeks developed difficult training programs with specialized trainers in preparation for the Games.", "Running in Ancient Greece __knowledge__ The training and competitive attitude of Greek athletes gives insight into how scientifically advanced Greece was for the time period.", "Running in Ancient Greece __knowledge__ The people of Greece generally enjoyed sporting events, particularly foot racing, and wealthy admirers would often give large gifts to successful athletes.", "Ancient Greek warfare __knowledge__ Warfare occurred throughout the history of Ancient Greece, from the Greek Dark Ages onward.", "Ancient Greek warfare __knowledge__ The Greek 'Dark Age' drew to a close as a significant increase in population allowed urbanized culture to be restored, which led to the rise of the city-states (\"Poleis\").", "Ancient Greek warfare __knowledge__ These developments ushered in the period of Archaic Greece (800-480 BCE).", "Ancient Greek warfare __knowledge__ They also restored the capability of organized warfare between these \"Poleis\" (as opposed to small-scale raids to acquire livestock and grain, for example).", "Ancient Greek warfare __knowledge__ The fractious nature of Ancient Greek society seems to have made continuous conflict on this larger scale inevitable.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ Ancient history is the aggregate of past events from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the Postclassical Era.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with Sumerian Cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing from the protoliterate period around the 30th century BC.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The term classical antiquity is often used to refer to history in the Old World from the beginning of recorded Greek history in 776 BC (First Olympiad).", "Ancient history __knowledge__ This roughly coincides with the traditional date of the founding of Rome in 753 BC, the beginning of the history of ancient Rome, and the beginning of the Archaic period in Ancient Greece." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Comedy __knowledge__ In a modern sense, comedy (from the , \"kōmōidía\") refers to any discourse or work generally intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, television, film, stand-up comedy, or any other medium of entertainment.", "Comedy __knowledge__ The origins of the term are found in Ancient Greece.", "Comedy __knowledge__ In the Athenian democracy, the public opinion of voters was influenced by the political satire performed by the comic poets at the theaters.", "Comedy __knowledge__ The theatrical genre of Greek comedy can be described as a dramatic performance which pits two groups or societies against each other in an amusing agon or conflict.", "Comedy __knowledge__ Northrop Frye depicted these two opposing sides as a \"Society of Youth\" and a \"Society of the Old\".", "Comedy __knowledge__ A revised view characterizes the essential agon of comedy as a struggle between a relatively powerless youth and the societal conventions that pose obstacles to his hopes.", "Comedy __knowledge__ In this struggle, the youth is understood to be constrained by his lack of social authority, and is left with little choice but to take recourse in ruses which engender very dramatic irony which provokes laughter.", "Comedy __knowledge__ Satire and political satire use comedy to portray persons or social institutions as ridiculous or corrupt, thus alienating their audience from the object of their humour.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ In the Gregorian calendar, New Year's Eve (also known as Old Year's Day or Saint Sylvester's Day in many countries), the last day of the year, is on 31 December which is the seventh day of Christmastide.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ In many countries, New Year's Eve is celebrated at evening social gatherings, where many people dance, eat, drink alcoholic beverages, and watch or light fireworks to mark the new year.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ Some Christians attend a watchnight service.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ The celebrations generally go on past midnight into New Year's Day, 1 January.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ Samoa, Tonga and Kiritimati (Christmas Island), part of Kiribati, are the first places to welcome the New Year while American Samoa and Baker Island in the United States of America are among the last.", "Hebrew calendar __knowledge__ The Hebrew or Jewish calendar (, \"Ha-Luah ha-Ivri\") is a lunisolar calendar used today predominantly for Jewish religious observances.", "Hebrew calendar __knowledge__ It determines the dates for Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions, \"yahrzeits\" (dates to commemorate the death of a relative), and daily Psalm readings, among many ceremonial uses.", "Hebrew calendar __knowledge__ In Israel, it is used for religious purposes, provides a time frame for agriculture and is an official calendar for civil purposes, although the latter usage has been steadily declining in favor of the Gregorian calendar.", "Hebrew calendar __knowledge__ The present Hebrew calendar is the product of evolution, including a Babylonian influence.", "Academic term __knowledge__ An academic term (or simply \"term\") is a portion of an academic year, the time during which an educational institution holds classes.", "Academic term __knowledge__ The schedules adopted vary widely.", "Academic term __knowledge__ The word quadmester or quadrimester is occasionally used to mean either four months or (more commonly in modern American usage) a quarter of a year.", "Academic term __knowledge__ In countries like Argentina, public universities divide the academic year into two quadrimesters (March–July and August–December).", "Academic term __knowledge__ In most countries, the academic year begins in late summer or early autumn and ends during the following spring or summer.", "Academic term __knowledge__ In Northern Hemisphere countries, this means that the academic year lasts from August, September, or October to May, June, or July.", "Chinese New Year __knowledge__ Chinese New Year, also known as the Spring Festival () in modern China, or simply the Lunar New Year, is an important Chinese festival celebrated at the turn of the traditional lunisolar Chinese calendar.", "Chinese New Year __knowledge__ Celebrations traditionally run from the evening preceding the first day, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first calendar month.", "Chinese New Year __knowledge__ The first day of the New Year falls on the new moon between 21 Jan and 20 Feb.", "Chinese New Year __knowledge__ In 2017, the first day of the Lunar New Year was on Saturday, 28 January, initiating the year of the Rooster.", "Chinese New Year __knowledge__ The upcoming year of the Dog commences on Friday, 16 February 2018.", "Fiscal year __knowledge__ A fiscal year (or financial year, or sometimes budget year) is the period used by governments for accounting and budget purposes, which vary between countries.", "Fiscal year __knowledge__ It is also used for financial reporting by business and other organizations.", "Fiscal year __knowledge__ Laws in many jurisdictions require company financial reports to be prepared and published on a generally annual basis, but generally do not require that the reporting period be calendar year, 1 January to 31 December.", "Fiscal year __knowledge__ Taxation laws generally require accounting records to be maintained and taxes calculated on an annual basis, which usually corresponds to the fiscal year used for government purposes.", "List of countries by Sen social welfare function __knowledge__ The social welfare function, proposed by Amartya Sen in 1973, is a measure of a society's overall welfare.", "List of countries by Sen social welfare function __knowledge__ It is calculated as the product of GDP per capita and the difference between 1 and the society's gini coefficient: The table below shows Sen's social welfare function using data from the CIA and another version using data from the IMF and UN.", "List of countries by Sen social welfare function __knowledge__ The GDP per capita numbers are adjusted for purchasing power parity.", "List of countries by Sen social welfare function __knowledge__ GNI per capita PPP multiplied by (1 - Gini), using the latest data available for each country up to 2015 mostly from http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=countries+(gni+per+capita+ppp)*(1-gini) 1 | Qatar | $82884 per year per person x | Macau | $78578 per year per person 2 | Luxembourg | $49242 per year per person 3 | Norway | $47861 per year per person 4 | Singapore | $43518 per year per person 5 | Switzerland | $42335 per year per person 6 | Netherlands | $34853 per year per person 7 | Sweden | $34443 per year per person 8 | Denmark | $33907 per year per person 9 | Germany | $33719 per year per person 10 | Iceland | $33695 per year per person 11 | United States | $33260 per year per person 12 | Austria | $33029 per year per person 13 | Belgium | $31933 per year per person 14 | Ireland | $31317 per year per person xx | Taiwan | $31063 per year per person 15 | Finland | $29764 per year per person 16 | Canada | $29161 per year per person xx | Saudi Arabia| $28906 per year per person 17 | Australia | $28997 per year per person 18 | United Kingdom | $27343 per year per person 19 | France | $27074 per year per person 20 | Hong Kong | $26692 per year per person 21 | Japan | $26389 per year per person 22 | South Korea | $23738 per year per person 23 | Italy | $23245 per year per person 24 | Slovenia | $22941 per year per person 25 | New Zealand | $22775 per year per person 26 | Czech Republic | $22471 per year per person 27 | Spain | $22112 per year per person 28 | Slovakia | $20834 per year per person 29 | Cyprus | $20259 per year per person 30 | Israel | $19993 per year per person 31 | Estonia | $18390 per year per person 32 | Portugal | $18286 per year per person 33 | Kazakhstan | $17867 per year per person 34 | Trinidad and Tobago | $17698 per year per person 35 | Lithuania | $17289 per year per person 36 | Poland | $17173 per year per person 37 | Hungary | $17106 per year per person 38 | Greece | $16963 per year per person 39 | Latvia | $15627 per year per person 40 | Romania | $15188 per year per person 41 | Croatia | $14781 per year per person 42 | Seychelles | $14742 per year per person 43 | Azerbaijan | $14288 per year per person 44 | Malaysia | $14048 per year per person 45 | Russia | $13896 per year per person 46 | Belarus | $12460 per year per person 47 | Mauritius | $12376 per year per person 48 | Uruguay | $11835 per year per person 49 | Turkey | $11583 per year per person 50 | Iran | $10901 per year per person 51 | Gabon | $10876 per year per person 52 | Chile | $10772 per year per person 53 | Bulgaria | $10744 per year per person 54 | Montenegro | $10616 per year per person 55 | Iraq | $10463 per year per person 56 | Panama | $10009 per year per person 57 | Venezuela | $9408 per year per person 58 | Turkmenistan | $9335 per year per person 59 | Thailand | $9239 per year per person 60 | Algeria | $9235 per year per person 61 | Serbia | $9005 per year per person 62 | Mexico | $8906 per year per person 63 | Albania | $7914 per year per person 64 | Macedonia | $7592 per year per person 65 | Costa Rica | $7562 per year per person 66 | China | $7519 per year per person 67 | Egypt | $7403 per year per person 68 | Mongolia | $7334 per year per person 69 | Kosovo | $7212 per year per person 70 | Dominican Republic | $7183 per year per person 71 | Suriname | $7151 per year per person 72 | Maldives | $7150 per year per person 73 | Jordan | $7125 per year per person 74 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | $7104 per year per person 75 | Tunisia | $7099 per year per person 76 | Brazil | $7079 per year per person 77 | Sri Lanka | $7051 per year per person 78 | Indonesia | $6881 per year per person 79 | Argentina | $6771 per year per person 80 | Peru | $6610 per year per person 81 | Colombia | $6288 per year per person 82 | Saint Lucia | $6213 per year per person 83 | Botswana | $6168 per year per person 84 | Armenia | $5970 per year per person 85 | Ecuador | $5898 per year per person 86 | Ukraine | $5893 per year per person 87 | Georgia | $5643 per year per person 88 | Philippines | $5069 per year per person 89 | Fiji | $4978 per year per person 90 | Jamaica | $4832 per year per person 91 | South Africa | $4698 per year per person 92 | Bhutan | $4669 per year per person 93 | El Salvador | $4643 per year per person 94 | Morocco | $4553 per year per person 95 | Paraguay | $4482 per year per person 96 | Guyana | $4170 per year per person 97 | Namibia | $4051 per year per person 98 | India | $3979 per year per person 99 | Uzbekistan | $3955 per year per person 100 | Swaziland | $3903 per year per person 101 | Moldova | $3824 per year per person 102 | Republic of the Congo | $3770 per year per person 103 | Pakistan | $3767 per year per person 104 | Angola | $3695 per year per person 105 | Belize | $3683 per year per person 106 | Guatemala | $3579 per year per person 107 | Bolivia | $3553 per year per person 108 | Vietnam | $3488 per year per person 109 | Laos | $3342 per year per person 110 | West Bank | $3323 per year per person 111 | Nigeria | $3308 per year per person 112 | Samoa | $3278 per year per person 113 | Tonga | $3275 per year per person 114 | Syria | $2897 per year per person 115 | Nicaragua | $2741 per year per person 116 | Sudan | $2636 per year per person 117 | East Timor | $2614 per year per person 118 | Kiribati | $2589 per year per person 119 | Cape Verde | $2439 per year per person 120 | Bangladesh | $2415 per year per person 121 | Kyrgyzstan | $2397 per year per person 122 | Yemen | $2346 per year per person 123 | Ghana | $2329 per year per person 124 | Mauritania | $2319 per year per person 125 | Tajikistan | $2298 per year per person 126 | Cambodia | $2278 per year per person 127 | Honduras | $2196 per year per person 128 | São Tomé and Príncipe | $2186 per year per person 129 | Vanuatu | $1910 per year per person 130 | Ivory Coast | $1841 per year per person 131 | Cameroon | $1761 per year per person 132 | Nepal | $1681 per year per person 133 | Tanzania | $1630 per year per person 134 | Zambia | $1624 per year per person 135 | Mali | $1580 per year per person 136 | Kenya | $1576 per year per person 137 | Papua New Guinea | $1571 per year per person 138 | Lesotho | $1448 per year per person 139 | Afghanistan | $1436 per year per person 140 | Senegal | $1427 per year per person 141 | Micronesia | $1398 per year per person 142 | Djibouti | $1218 per year per person 143 | Chad | $1196 per year per person 144 | Benin | $1188 per year per person 145 | Solomon Islands | $1175 per year per person 146 | Ethiopia | $1083 per year per person 147 | Sierra Leone | $1030 per year per person 148 | Uganda | $1026 per year per person 149 | Burkina Faso | $988 per year per person 150 | South Sudan | $888 per year per person 151 | Zimbabwe | $848 per year per person 152 | Rwanda | $837 per year per person 153 | Gambia | $832 per year per person 154 | Madagascar | $831 per year per person 155 | Guinea | $742 per year per person 156 | Guinea-Bissau | $715 per year per person 157 | Togo | $713 per year per person 158 | Haiti | $690 per year per person 159 | Niger | $651 per year per person 160 | Mozambique | $637 per year per person 161 | Comoros | $630 per year per person 162 | Malawi | $614 per year per person 163 | Burundi | $486 per year per person 164 | Liberia | $457 per year per person xxx | North Korea | $450 per year per person (Gini estimated at 0.75 from https://piie.com/blogs/north-korea-witness-transformation/distribution-income-north-korea) 165 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | $417 per year per person 166 | Central African Republic | $263 per year per person", "Medical school __knowledge__ A medical school is a tertiary educational institution —or part of such an institution— that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO).", "Medical school __knowledge__ Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as a Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, a physician assistant program, or other post-secondary education.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Around the world, criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably.", "Satire __knowledge__ Satire is a genre of literature, and sometimes graphic and performing arts, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement.", "Satire __knowledge__ Although satire is usually meant to be humorous, its greater purpose is often constructive social criticism, using wit to draw attention to both particular and wider issues in society.", "Satire __knowledge__ A feature of satire is strong irony or sarcasm—\"in satire, irony is militant\"—but parody, burlesque, exaggeration, juxtaposition, comparison, analogy, and double entendre are all frequently used in satirical speech and writing.", "Political satire __knowledge__ Political satire is satire that specializes in gaining entertainment from politics; it has also been used with subversive intent where political speech and dissent are forbidden by a regime, as a method of advancing political arguments where such arguments are expressly forbidden.", "Political satire __knowledge__ Political satire is usually distinguished from political protest or political dissent, as it does not necessarily carry an agenda nor seek to influence the political process.", "Political satire __knowledge__ While occasionally it may, it more commonly aims simply to provide entertainment.", "Political satire __knowledge__ By its very nature, it rarely offers a constructive view in itself; when it is used as part of protest or dissent, it tends to simply establish the error of matters rather than provide solutions.", "Alberto González (humorist) __knowledge__ Alberto González (September 17, 1928 – September 23, 2012) was a humorist and iconoclast; known for his biting political satire and popular comedy shows, he was a prolific writer, journalist, and scriptwriter during a career that spanned sixty years in show business.", "Alberto González (humorist) __knowledge__ Alberto González was born in Guanabacoa, Cuba, in 1928.", "Alberto González (humorist) __knowledge__ González died on September 23, 2012, at the age of 84 in Miami, Florida.", "Alberto González (humorist) __knowledge__ Alberto González had become well known radio show humorist by 1952 in Cuba; he found serendipitous acclaim in Colombian radio in the early 1960s, continued his career as a humorist on television and various entertainment productions during seventeen years in Puerto Rico from the mid-1960s to the late 1970s; brought sold-out political and social satire comedies to the Miami stage during the decade of the 1980s; ambitiously started and failed at several businesses and newspapers, including controversial political satire radio shows in the 1990s; and, at 81 years old, wrote his final comedy and satire shows in 2009 for a new audience thanks to Radio Marti broadcasts to Cuba.", "Jordanian political satire __knowledge__ In a country that has not enjoyed complete freedom of speech; political satire in Jordan has been a way to criticize and make claims on the political authorities.", "Jordanian political satire __knowledge__ Be it expressed in press as in weekly satirical newspapers, cartoons, prose, or as in recent times, on online social media platforms, satire in Jordan represents a unique genre that has reflected a local mode and attitude towards local and global issues.", "Jordanian political satire __knowledge__ While it is not meant entirely to entertain, political satire in Jordan has been used as a way to poke fun at elected governments and their failure to tend to local issues.", "Jordanian political satire __knowledge__ Like satirists worldwide, the Jordanian satirists aim to use pun and indirect references to tackle taboos, defy the restrictive laws that inhibit the freedom of speech, and convey public grievances.", "Augustan literature __knowledge__ Augustan literature (sometimes referred to misleadingly as Georgian literature) is a style of British literature produced during the reigns of Queen Anne, King George I, and George II in the first half of the 18th century and ending in the 1740s, with the deaths of Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift, in 1744 and 1745, respectively.", "Augustan literature __knowledge__ It was a literary epoch that featured the rapid development of the novel, an explosion in satire, the mutation of drama from political satire into melodrama and an evolution toward poetry of personal exploration.", "Augustan literature __knowledge__ In philosophy, it was an age increasingly dominated by empiricism, while in the writings of political economy, it marked the evolution of mercantilism as a formal philosophy, the development of capitalism and the triumph of trade.", "News satire __knowledge__ News satire is a type of parody presented in a format typical of mainstream journalism, and called a satire because of its content.", "News satire __knowledge__ News satire has been around almost as long as journalism itself, but it is particularly popular on the web (for example on websites like The Onion or Faking News), where it is relatively easy to mimic a legitimate news source.", "News satire __knowledge__ News satire relies heavily on irony and deadpan humor.", "News satire __knowledge__ Two slightly different types of news satire exist.", "News satire __knowledge__ One form uses satirical commentary and sketch comedy to comment on real-world news events, while the other presents wholly fictionalized news stories.", "History of Athens __knowledge__ Athens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for at least 5000 years.", "History of Athens __knowledge__ Situated in southern Europe, Athens became the leading city of Ancient Greece in the first millennium BC, and its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of western civilization.", "History of Athens __knowledge__ During the early Middle Ages, the city experienced a decline, then recovered under the later Byzantine Empire and was relatively prosperous during the period of the Crusades (12th and 13th centuries), benefiting from Italian trade.", "History of Athens __knowledge__ Following a period of sharp decline under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Athens re-emerged in the 19th century as the capital of the independent and self-governing Greek state." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 10 ]

[ "The origins of comedy are from Ancient Greece.", "In class Athens, voters were influenced by political satire.", "New Year's Eve is celebrated with social gatherings." ]

[ "Comedy", "Comedy", "Comedy" ]

[ "Parenting\nHello there.", "Yes I am. How about you?", "They are all young. I have three of them. They are 5, 8, 10.", "I have, it has been such a blessing. My oldest is getting near to he's teens and I'm concerned about that.", "I guess they change and get a bit more rebellious and don't know how I would deal with it." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Shortly after her creation in 1974, the Hello Kitty vinyl coin purse was introduced by Sanrio in March 1975.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character was then brought to the United States in 1976.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character is a staple of the \"kawaii\" segment of Japanese popular culture.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without advertising except on Sanrio's, related show producers', and ticket sales' webpages and at show venues and nearby locations.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Originally aimed at preadolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers, being found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ In 1997, Japanese rock group Sharam Q, fronted by Tsunku, began auditions for a female vocalist.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ These auditions aired via the reality show Asayan, and resulted in Michiyo Heike being crowned winner.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ Tsunku, however, decided to give five of the runners-up, Yuko Nakazawa, Natsumi Abe, Kaori Iida, Asuka Fukuda and Aya Ishiguro, a chance to become a group in their own right.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ The girls were set the task of selling 50,000 copies of their demo single \"Ai no Tane,\" in just five days.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ The girls sold the required number of copies in four days, and subsequently became an official group.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ Morning Musume's debut single, \"Morning Coffee,\" was released on January 28, 1998 on the One Up Music label and charted at #6 on the Oricon weekly chart.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ \"Hello, Goodbye\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ Backed by John Lennon's \"I Am the Walrus\", it was issued as a non-album single in November 1967, the group's first release since the death of their manager, Brian Epstein.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ The single was commercially successful around the world, topping charts in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and several other countries.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ McCartney later said that the lyrics take duality as their theme.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ The song originated when, in response to a question from Beatles aide Alistair Taylor about songwriting, McCartney sat down at a harmonium and asked Taylor to say the opposite of whatever he said.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ , formerly simply and colloquially referred to as , is a Japanese female idol group, holding the second highest overall single sales (of a female group) on the Oricon charts as of February 2012, with the Oricon record of most top ten singles with an amount of 50, and they have sold over 21 million copies in Japan alone.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Morning Musume was formed in 1997 by rock singer-songwriter turned record producer Tsunku, who later composed the vast majority of the group's songs over the decade.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ They are the lead group of Hello!", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Project that specialises in upbeat, pop-oriented music coupled with dance performance.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" is a song by English singer Adele, released on 23 October 2015 by XL Recordings as the lead single from her third studio album, \"25\" (2015).", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ Adele co-wrote the song with her producer, Greg Kurstin.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" is a piano ballad with soul influences, and lyrics that discuss themes of nostalgia and regret.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ Upon release, the song was acclaimed by music critics, who compared it favourably to Adele's previous work and praised the song's lyrics and Adele's vocals while many critics and publications ranked it as one of the best songs of the year.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ It was recorded in London.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" reached number one in almost every country it charted in, including the United Kingdom, where it became her second UK number-one single, following \"Someone like You\", and has the largest opening week sales in three years.", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ String functions are used in computer programming languages to manipulate a string or query information about a string (some do both).", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ Most programming languages that have a string datatype will have some string functions although there may be other low-level ways within each language to handle strings directly.", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ In object-oriented languages, string functions are often implemented as properties and methods of string objects.", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ In functional and list-based languages a string is represented as a list (of character codes), therefore all list-manipulation procedures could be considered string functions.", "Angerme __knowledge__ , formerly , is a Japanese idol girl group from Hello!", "Angerme __knowledge__ Project, which originally consisted of four former Hello!", "Angerme __knowledge__ Pro Egg (Hello!", "Angerme __knowledge__ Project trainees) members that left Egg in 2010 and became full-time members of Hello!", "Angerme __knowledge__ Project.", "Angerme __knowledge__ In 2010, they won the Japan Record Award for Best New Artist.", "Angerme __knowledge__ In 2011, five new girls were added to the group as part of the second generation, with two being former Egg members and three new girls.", "Angerme __knowledge__ With 3 members graduating, S/mileage continued the rest of their career as a 6-member group.", "Angerme __knowledge__ Since the formation of ANGERME, there has been 3 more generations, and 3 more graduations.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Sanrio, a Japanese company specialized in creating cute characters.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Beginning in 1963, Sanrio sells and licenses products branded with these characters and has created over 400 characters, with the most successful and best known being Hello Kitty.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ The characters listed here are shown with the year in which they first appeared.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ is the best-known of Sanrio's fictional characters, created in 1974.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty is drawn simply with a trademark red bow.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Registered in 1975, Hello Kitty is now a globally known trademark.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty has been marketed in the United States from the beginning and has held the position of U.S. children's ambassador for UNICEF since 1983.", "Hello Stranger __knowledge__ \"Hello Stranger\" is a 1963 hit single by Barbara Lewis, which spent two weeks at number one on the R&B singles chart in \"Billboard\", crossing over to #3 Pop.", "Hello Stranger __knowledge__ \"Hello Stranger\" was written by Barbara Lewis herself, who was originally inspired to write a song with that title while working gigs in Detroit with her musician father: “I would make the circuit with my dad and people would yell out: ‘Hey stranger, hello stranger, it’s been a long time’\".", "Hello Stranger __knowledge__ The song is notable because its title comprises the first two words of the lyrics but is never at any point repeated throughout the rest of the song.", "Hello Stranger __knowledge__ Lewis recorded \"Hello Stranger\" at Chess Studios in Chicago in January 1963." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men are a culture jamming activist duo and network of supporters created by Jacques Servin and Igor Vamos.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ Through actions of tactical media, the Yes Men primarily aim to raise awareness about problematic social and political issues.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ To date, the duo have produced three films: \"The Yes Men\" (2003), \"The Yes Men Fix the World\" (2009) and \"The Yes Men Are Revolting\" (2014).", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ In these films, they impersonate entities that they dislike, a practice that they call \"identity correction\".", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men operate under the mission statement that lies can expose truth.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ They create and maintain fake websites similar to ones they intend to spoof, which have led to numerous interview, conference, and TV talk show invitations.", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000.", "Yes TV Shows Channels __knowledge__ Carried by the Israeli satellite television provider - \"yes\", yes TV Shows Channels (formerly stylized as yes stars) is an Israeli group of television channels which broadcasts American, British and Israeli television shows.", "Yes TV Shows Channels __knowledge__ As of April 5, 2016, it consists of four channels: \"yes Drama\" and \"yes Action\" air new episodes of shows in the weeknights (Sundays - Thursdays).", "Yes TV Shows Channels __knowledge__ \"yes Comedy\" airs new episodes of shows in the weekends (Fridays and Saturdays).", "Yes TV Shows Channels __knowledge__ \"yes Oh\" airs new episodes on weeknights.", "Yes TV Shows Channels __knowledge__ The channel \"yes Real\" was canceled on January 16, 2012 and replaced with \"yes Oh\".", "Yes TV Shows Channels __knowledge__ On November 4, 2015, yes Base was discontinued.", "Yes–no question __knowledge__ In linguistics, a yes–no question, formally known as a polar question, is a question whose expected answer is either \"yes\" or \"no\".", "Yes–no question __knowledge__ Formally, they present an exclusive disjunction, a pair of alternatives of which only one is acceptable.", "Yes–no question __knowledge__ In English, such questions can be formed in both positive and negative forms (e.g.", "Yes–no question __knowledge__ \"Will you be here tomorrow?\"", "Yes–no question __knowledge__ and \"Won't you be here tomorrow?\").", "Yes–no question __knowledge__ Yes–no questions are in contrast with non-polar wh-questions, with the five Ws, which do not necessarily present a range of alternative answers, or necessarily restrict that range to two alternatives.", "Yes–no question __knowledge__ (Questions beginning with \"which\", for example, often presuppose a set of several alternatives, from which one is to be drawn.)", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Shortly after her creation in 1974, the Hello Kitty vinyl coin purse was introduced by Sanrio in March 1975.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character was then brought to the United States in 1976.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character is a staple of the \"kawaii\" segment of Japanese popular culture.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without advertising except on Sanrio's, related show producers', and ticket sales' webpages and at show venues and nearby locations.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Originally aimed at preadolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers, being found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ , formerly simply and colloquially referred to as , is a Japanese female idol group, holding the second highest overall single sales (of a female group) on the Oricon charts as of February 2012, with the Oricon record of most top ten singles with an amount of 50, and they have sold over 21 million copies in Japan alone.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Morning Musume was formed in 1997 by rock singer-songwriter turned record producer Tsunku, who later composed the vast majority of the group's songs over the decade.", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ They are the lead group of Hello!", "Morning Musume __knowledge__ Project that specialises in upbeat, pop-oriented music coupled with dance performance.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ In 1997, Japanese rock group Sharam Q, fronted by Tsunku, began auditions for a female vocalist.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ These auditions aired via the reality show Asayan, and resulted in Michiyo Heike being crowned winner.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ Tsunku, however, decided to give five of the runners-up, Yuko Nakazawa, Natsumi Abe, Kaori Iida, Asuka Fukuda and Aya Ishiguro, a chance to become a group in their own right.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ The girls were set the task of selling 50,000 copies of their demo single \"Ai no Tane,\" in just five days.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ The girls sold the required number of copies in four days, and subsequently became an official group.", "Hello! Project __knowledge__ Morning Musume's debut single, \"Morning Coffee,\" was released on January 28, 1998 on the One Up Music label and charted at #6 on the Oricon weekly chart.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ \"Hello, Goodbye\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ Backed by John Lennon's \"I Am the Walrus\", it was issued as a non-album single in November 1967, the group's first release since the death of their manager, Brian Epstein.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ The single was commercially successful around the world, topping charts in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and several other countries.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ McCartney later said that the lyrics take duality as their theme.", "Hello, Goodbye __knowledge__ The song originated when, in response to a question from Beatles aide Alistair Taylor about songwriting, McCartney sat down at a harmonium and asked Taylor to say the opposite of whatever he said.", "EVA Air __knowledge__ EVA Air Corporation (pronounced \"E-V-A Air\"; ) () is a Taiwanese international airline based at Taoyuan International Airport near Taipei, Taiwan, operating passenger and dedicated cargo services to over 40 international destinations in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America.", "EVA Air __knowledge__ EVA Air is largely privately owned and flies a fully international route network.", "EVA Air __knowledge__ It is a 5-star airline, rated by Skytrax.", "EVA Air __knowledge__ It is the second largest Taiwanese airline.", "EVA Air __knowledge__ EVA Air is headquartered in Luzhu, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.", "EVA Air __knowledge__ Since its founding in 1989 as an affiliate of shipping conglomerate Evergreen Group, EVA Air has expanded to include air cargo, airline catering, ground handling, and aviation engineering services.", "Child support __knowledge__ In family law and public policy, child support (or child maintenance) is an ongoing, periodic payment made by a parent for the financial benefit of a child (or parent, caregiver, guardian, or state) following the end of a marriage or other relationship.", "Child support __knowledge__ Child maintenance is paid directly or indirectly by an \"obligor\" to an \"obligee\" for the care and support of children of a relationship that has been terminated, or in some cases never existed.", "Child support __knowledge__ Often the obligor is a non-custodial parent.", "Child support __knowledge__ The obligee is typically a custodial parent, a caregiver, a guardian, or the state.", "Child support __knowledge__ Depending on the jurisdiction, a custodial parent may pay child support to a non-custodial parent.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" is a song by English singer Adele, released on 23 October 2015 by XL Recordings as the lead single from her third studio album, \"25\" (2015).", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ Adele co-wrote the song with her producer, Greg Kurstin.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" is a piano ballad with soul influences, and lyrics that discuss themes of nostalgia and regret.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ Upon release, the song was acclaimed by music critics, who compared it favourably to Adele's previous work and praised the song's lyrics and Adele's vocals while many critics and publications ranked it as one of the best songs of the year.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ It was recorded in London.", "Hello (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Hello\" reached number one in almost every country it charted in, including the United Kingdom, where it became her second UK number-one single, following \"Someone like You\", and has the largest opening week sales in three years.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Sanrio, a Japanese company specialized in creating cute characters.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Beginning in 1963, Sanrio sells and licenses products branded with these characters and has created over 400 characters, with the most successful and best known being Hello Kitty.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ The characters listed here are shown with the year in which they first appeared.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ is the best-known of Sanrio's fictional characters, created in 1974.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty is drawn simply with a trademark red bow.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Registered in 1975, Hello Kitty is now a globally known trademark.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty has been marketed in the United States from the beginning and has held the position of U.S. children's ambassador for UNICEF since 1983.", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ String functions are used in computer programming languages to manipulate a string or query information about a string (some do both).", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ Most programming languages that have a string datatype will have some string functions although there may be other low-level ways within each language to handle strings directly.", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ In object-oriented languages, string functions are often implemented as properties and methods of string objects.", "Comparison of programming languages (string functions) __knowledge__ In functional and list-based languages a string is represented as a list (of character codes), therefore all list-manipulation procedures could be considered string functions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Chris Young (pitcher) __knowledge__ Christopher Ryan Young (born May 25, 1979) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the San Diego Padres organization.", "Chris Young (pitcher) __knowledge__ He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut on August 24, 2004, with the Texas Rangers and also has Major League experience with the San Diego Padres, New York Mets, Seattle Mariners, and Kansas City Royals.", "Chris Young (pitcher) __knowledge__ He had previously excelled in basketball and baseball at Highland Park High School in University Park, Texas, and Princeton University.", "Chris Young (pitcher) __knowledge__ Young helped Highland Park reach the Class 4A Region II basketball final in 1997 and the Class 4A Texas state basketball final in 1998.", "Seir Kieran GAA __knowledge__ Seir Kieran is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the Parish of the same name, called after Saint Ciarán of Saighir, who founded the parish as a \"Civitas\" (a monastic city) in the 5th century.", "Seir Kieran GAA __knowledge__ The club is based in the village of Clareen in County Offaly, Ireland.", "Seir Kieran GAA __knowledge__ Seir Kieran caters mainly for players of the games of hurling and camogie, although the club has also competed in the Offaly football competitions and reached the Offaly Senior Football Semi-final in 1927.", "Seir Kieran GAA __knowledge__ Founded in 1887, Seir Kieran is one of the smallest parish-based GAA clubs, comprising (according to the 2011 Census) some 0.5% of Offaly's population.", "Vince Young __knowledge__ Vincent Paul Young Jr. (born May 18, 1983) is an American football quarterback who is currently a free agent.", "Vince Young __knowledge__ Young played in the National Football League (NFL) for six seasons.", "Vince Young __knowledge__ Young was drafted by the Tennessee Titans with the third overall pick in the 2006 NFL Draft.", "Vince Young __knowledge__ He spent the first five seasons of his career with the Titans.", "Vince Young __knowledge__ In his rookie season, Young was named the NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year and was named to the AFC Pro Bowl team as a reserve.", "Vince Young __knowledge__ In 2009, Young earned his second Pro Bowl selection and was named \"Sporting News\" NFL Comeback Player of the Year.", "Vince Young __knowledge__ Young played college football for the University of Texas.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ The History of Oregon State Beavers football covers more than 120 seasons since the team began play in 1893.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ In 1893, Oregon State College was known as State Agricultural College (SAC).", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ William H. Bloss, son of SAC's school president, was the school's first coach, and the quarterback of the 1893 team.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ Bloss moved to Corvallis, Oregon in June 1892.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ He previously played football in the Midwest, and was considered very knowledgeable of football.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ Bloss scheduled tryouts in the fall of 1893 trying to assemble a football team.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ By mid-October, he had found 17 players that would make up the first football team in Oregon State's history.", "San Francisco 49ers __knowledge__ The San Francisco 49ers are a professional American football team located in the San Francisco Bay Area.", "San Francisco 49ers __knowledge__ They compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) West division.", "San Francisco 49ers __knowledge__ The team currently plays its home games at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California, located southeast of San Francisco in the heart of Silicon Valley.", "San Francisco 49ers __knowledge__ Since 1988, the 49ers have been headquartered in Santa Clara.", "San Francisco 49ers __knowledge__ The team was founded in 1946 as a charter member of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) and joined the NFL in 1949 when the leagues merged.", "San Francisco 49ers __knowledge__ The 49ers were the first major league professional sports franchise based in San Francisco.", "The Young Bucks __knowledge__ The Young Bucks are an American professional wrestling tag team, consisting of real life brothers Matthew and Nicholas Massie (also known by their ring names Matt and Nick Jackson) from Southern California.", "The Young Bucks __knowledge__ They are signed to both New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) and Ring of Honor (ROH), while also working for various American independent promotions, most notably Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG).", "The Young Bucks __knowledge__ They are currently in their first reign as the ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Champions alongside Bullet Club stablemate Adam Page.", "The Young Bucks __knowledge__ They have also held the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship a record seven times.", "Eric Young (wrestler) __knowledge__ Jeremy Fritz (born December 15, 1979) is a Canadian professional wrestler and television personality currently signed to WWE where he performs in their developmental territory NXT under the ring name Eric Young.", "Eric Young (wrestler) __knowledge__ He is a former NXT Tag Team Champion.", "Eric Young (wrestler) __knowledge__ He is best known for his 12-year tenure working for impact Wrestling from 2004 to 2016, where he was a one-time TNA World Heavyweight Champion, one-time X Division Champion, a three-time Legends/Global/Television/King of the Mountain Champion, and a four-time world tag team champion, having held the NWA World Tag Team Championship twice with Bobby Roode, the TNA World Tag Team Championship twice once with Kaz, and once as a member of The Band with Kevin Nash and Scott Hall (under the Freebird Rule), and the only male to co-hold the TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship, winning the title with female wrestler ODB.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll was published from a questionnaire given to movie exhibitors every year between 1932 and 2013 by Quigley Publishing Company.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The list was based on a poll of movie theater owners, who were asked to name who they felt were the previous year's top 10 moneymaking stars.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The Top 10 Poll which appeared annually in Quigley's \"International Motion Picture Almanac\" has long been regarded as one of the most reliable barometers of a movie star's box-office power, as film exhibitors base their decisions on one economic criterion: those stars who will bring patrons into their theaters.", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ This is an incomplete list of Los Angeles municipal election returns.", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ In general, they are the semiofficial returns as provided to the public by the city clerk's office.", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ The list does not include municipal judgeships, Board of Education races, boards of freeholders nor propositions, which can be found in the sources cited.", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ Mayor Edward F. Spence (Republican) 2.073?", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ (elected) / Cameron E. Thom (Democrat) 1,519?", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ / Hamilton (Greenback) 108?", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ / Greene (People's) 86 City attorney James Wilfred McKinley (Republican) 1,947 (elected) / H.K.S.", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ O'Melveny (Democrat) 1,778 / Blanchard (People's) 96 Assessor, tax collector and treasurer, see \"The City Election,\" \"Los Angeles Times,\" December 3, 1884, page 4 lst Yelsir (Democrat) 422 (elected) / Gherkins (Democrat) 305 / Hanly (People's) 24 / Cuyas (Independent) 24 2nd Holbrook (Republican) 573 (elected) / Northcraft (Democrat) 476 (elected) / Bonebrake (Republican) 458 / and three others 3rd Brown (Republican) 514 (elected) / Mesmer (Democrat) 384 / Palmer (People's) 38 4th Milton Santee (Republican) 326 (elected) / James D. Bullis (Republican) 305 (elected) / Woodworth (Democrat) 243 / and two others 5th Hiram Sinsabaugh (Republican) 268 (elected) / Rickenback (Democrat) 140 / McArthur (People's) 14 1st G.L.", "Steve Young __knowledge__ Jon Steven \"Steve\" Young (born October 11, 1961) is a former professional American football quarterback who played 15 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) and is best known for his 13 seasons with the San Francisco 49ers.", "Steve Young __knowledge__ He also played for the NFL Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the Los Angeles Express of the United States Football League (USFL).", "Steve Young __knowledge__ Young played college football for Brigham Young University, setting school and NCAA records en route to being runner-up for the 1983 Heisman Trophy.", "Steve Young __knowledge__ Young was named the AP's NFL Most Valuable Player in 1992 and 1994, and was the MVP of Super Bowl XXIX.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, age of consent laws regarding sexual activity are made at the state level.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ There are several federal statutes related to protecting minors from sexual predators, but laws regarding specific age requirements for sexual consent are left to individual states, territories, and the District of Columbia.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ Depending on the jurisdiction, legal age of consent ranges from 16 to 18 years old.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ In some places, civil and criminal laws within the same state conflict with each other.", "Ages of consent in the United States __knowledge__ While the general age of consent is now set between 16 and 18 in all U.S. states, the age of consent has widely varied across the country in the past.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The ages of consent vary by jurisdiction across Europe.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The ages of consent are currently set between 14 and 18.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The vast majority of countries set their ages in the range of 14 to 16; only five countries, Cyprus (17), Ireland (17), Malta (18), Turkey (18) and Vatican City (18), do not fit into this pattern.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The laws can also stipulate the specific activities that are permitted or differentially specify the age at which a given sex can participate.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ Below is a discussion of the various laws dealing with this subject.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The highlighted age is that at which, or above which, an individual can engage in unfettered sexual relations with another who is also at or above that age.", "Infanticide __knowledge__ Infanticide (or infant homicide) is the intentional killing of infants.", "Infanticide __knowledge__ Parental infanticide researchers have found that mothers are far more likely than fathers to be the perpetrator for neonaticide and slightly more likely to commit infanticide in general.", "Infanticide __knowledge__ In many past societies, certain forms of infanticide were considered permissible.", "Infanticide __knowledge__ In India female infanticide is more common than the killing of male offspring, due to sex-selective infanticide.", "Infanticide __knowledge__ In China for example, the sex gap between males and females aged 0–19 years old was estimated to be 25 million in 2010 by the United Nations Population Fund.", "Morality throughout the Life Span __knowledge__ Morality is “the ability to distinguish right from wrong, to act on this distinction and to experience pride when we do the right things and guilt or shame when we do not.” Both Piaget and Kohlberg made significant contributions to this area of study.", "Morality throughout the Life Span __knowledge__ Developmental psychologists have divided the subject of morality into three main topics: affective element, cognitive element, and behavioral element.", "Morality throughout the Life Span __knowledge__ The affective element consists of the emotional response to actions that may be considered right or wrong.", "Morality throughout the Life Span __knowledge__ This is the emotional part of morality that covers the feeling of guilt as well as empathy.", "Day care __knowledge__ Day care, daycare, child day care, or childcare is the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child's legal guardians, typically performed by someone outside the child's immediate family.", "Day care __knowledge__ Day care is typically an ongoing service during specific periods, such as the parents' time at work.", "Day care __knowledge__ \"Day care\" can also refer to daytime care for disabled or elderly people in both UK and US English, so \"child day care\" is often preferable at first mention.", "Day care __knowledge__ The service is known as \"day care\" or \"childcare\" in the United Kingdom, North America, and Australia and as \"crèche\" in Ireland and New Zealand.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ Statistics on rape and other sexual assaults are commonly available in industrialized countries, and are becoming more common throughout the world.", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ Inconsistent definitions of rape, different rates of reporting, recording, prosecution and conviction for rape create controversial statistical disparities, and lead to accusations that many rape statistics are unreliable or misleading.", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ In some jurisdictions, male-female rape is the only form of rape counted in the statistics.", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ Countries may not define forced sex on a spouse as \"rape\".", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ The Centers for Disease Control and prevention maintains statistics for the US.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ \"This article on refers to Adoption within the Philippine context.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ For the general term, see Adoption.\"", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ Adoption in the Philippines is a process of granting social, emotional and legal family and kinship membership to an individual from the Philippines, usually a child.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ It involves a transfer of parental rights and obligations and provides family membership.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) defines adoption as a \"socio-legal process of giving a permanent family to a child whose parents have voluntarily or involuntarily given up their parental rights.\"", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ Philippine Republic Act 8552, also known as the Domestic Adoption Act of 1998, recognizes that children should grow up with their biological parents; however, should the efforts of biological parents to raise their child be insufficient, other members of the extended family may take on the responsibility of parenthood for the child.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Getting Near to Baby __knowledge__ Getting Near to Baby is a 1999 children's novel by Audrey Couloumbis.", "Getting Near to Baby __knowledge__ It was awarded a Newbery Honor in 2000 and is an ALA Notable Children's Book.", "Getting Near to Baby __knowledge__ The book's target age range is for readers between the ages of 10 to 14.", "Getting Near to Baby __knowledge__ Getting Near to Baby was influenced by the author's personal experience as a child, as her aunt experienced the death of her child due to cystic fibrosis.", "Getting Near to Baby __knowledge__ At the same time a family living nearby had died of a bacterial illness by drinking tainted water.", "Getting Near to Baby __knowledge__ In the novel, the characters Willa Jo and Little Sister are dealing with their grief after the death of their baby sister who drank contaminated water.", "Blessing of same-sex unions in Christian churches __knowledge__ The blessing of same-sex marriages and same-sex unions is an issue about which Christian churches are in ongoing disagreement.", "Blessing of same-sex unions in Christian churches __knowledge__ These disagreements are primarily centered on the interpretation of various scripture passages related to homosexuality, and in some churches on varying understandings of homosexuality in terms of psychology, genetics and other scientific data.", "Blessing of same-sex unions in Christian churches __knowledge__ While various Church bodies have widely varying practices and teachings, individual Christians of every major tradition are involved in practical (orthopraxy) discussions about how to respond to the issue.", "Blessing of same-sex unions in Christian churches __knowledge__ Those Christians and Churches which support blessing of same-sex unions do so from several perspectives: In 2004, the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, asked the Lambeth Commission on Communion to produce a report looking into the legal and theological implications flowing from decisions related to homosexuality that were apparently threatening the Anglican Communion, including decisions relating to the blessing of same-sex unions.", "Toledot __knowledge__ Tol'dot, Toldos, or Tol'doth ( — Hebrew for \"generations\" or \"descendants,\" the second word and the first distinctive word in the parashah) is the sixth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.", "Toledot __knowledge__ The parashah tells of the conflict between Jacob and Esau, Isaac's passing off his wife Rebekah as his sister, and Isaac's blessing of his sons.", "Toledot __knowledge__ It constitutes The parashah is made up of 5,426 Hebrew letters, 1,432 Hebrew words, 106 verses, and can occupy about 173 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Toledot __knowledge__ Jews read it the sixth Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in November, or rarely in early December.", "Adolescent sexuality in the United States __knowledge__ According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in the year 2007, 35% of US high school students were currently sexually active and 47.8% of US high school students reported having had sexual intercourse.", "Adolescent sexuality in the United States __knowledge__ This percentage has decreased slightly since 1991.", "Adolescent sexuality in the United States __knowledge__ According to a 1994 study, every year an estimated one in four sexually active teens contracts a sexually transmitted infection (STI).", "Adolescent sexuality in the United States __knowledge__ Teenage pregnancy is four times as prevalent in the United States as in the European Union.", "Adolescent sexuality in the United States __knowledge__ However, US teen pregnancy rates have been steadily declining for decades, according to the Centers for Disease Control and were at a \"record low\" as of 2012.", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion __knowledge__ Since the 1990s, the Anglican Communion has struggled with controversy regarding homosexuality in the church.", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion __knowledge__ In 1998, the 13th Lambeth Conference of Anglican bishops passed a resolution stating that \"homosexual acts\" are \"incompatible with Scripture\".", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion __knowledge__ However, this is not legally binding.", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion __knowledge__ \"Like all Lambeth Conference resolutions, it is not legally binding on all provinces of the Communion, including the Church of England, though it commends an essential and persuasive view of the attitude of the Communion.\"", "Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion __knowledge__ \"Anglican national churches in Brazil, South Africa, South India, New Zealand and Canada have taken steps toward approving and celebrating same-sex relationships amid strong resistance among other national churches within the 80 million-member global body.", "Characters of A.T.O.M. __knowledge__ \"A.T.O.M.\"", "Characters of A.T.O.M. __knowledge__ is a French action-cartoon created by Ariane Desrieux and Paul-Patrick Duval and was broadcast in the United States on Jetix from 2005-2007.", "Characters of A.T.O.M. __knowledge__ The series takes place in the fictional Landmark City and focuses on five teenagers, the eponymous Alpha Teens on Machines, who are given prototype weapons, gadgets and vehicles in order to battle Alexander Paine, a man who threatens to destroy Landmark City.", "Characters of A.T.O.M. __knowledge__ The Alpha Teens are teenagers who participated in a TV contest and won.", "Characters of A.T.O.M. __knowledge__ Their prize was being hired by Mr. Lee to use his prototype devices.", "Characters of A.T.O.M. __knowledge__ Axel Manning is the eighteen-year-old leader of A.T.O.M., and a master of the Jo-Lan martial art.", "Priestly Blessing __knowledge__ The Priestly Blessing or priestly benediction, (; translit.", "Priestly Blessing __knowledge__ \"birkat kohanim\"), also known in rabbinic literature as raising of the hands (Hebrew \"nesiat kapayim\"), or Dukhanen (Yiddish from the Hebrew word \"dukhan\" – platform – because the blessing is given from a raised rostrum), is a Hebrew prayer recited by Kohanim - the Hebrew Priests.", "Priestly Blessing __knowledge__ According to Torah, they are descendants of Aaron the first High Priest, older brother of Moses and have been divinely chosen by God to work in the Tabernacle and assist the Israelites in blessings, ministering, sacrifices and atoning for their sins to God, for all eternity.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Teenage pregnancy __knowledge__ Teenage pregnancy, also known as adolescent pregnancy, is pregnancy in females under the age of 20.", "Teenage pregnancy __knowledge__ A female can become pregnant from sexual intercourse after she has begun to ovulate, which can be before her first menstrual period (menarche) but usually occurs after the onset of her periods.", "Teenage pregnancy __knowledge__ In well-nourished females, menarche usually takes place around the age of 12 or 13.", "Teenage pregnancy __knowledge__ Pregnant teenagers face many of the same pregnancy related issues as other women.", "Teenage pregnancy __knowledge__ There are, however, additional concerns for those under 15 of age as they are less likely to be physically developed enough to sustain a healthy pregnancy or to give birth.", "Berakhah __knowledge__ In Judaism, a berakhah, bracha, brokho, brokhe (; pl.", "Berakhah __knowledge__ בְּרָכוֹת, \"berakhot\", \"brokhoys\"; \"benediction,\" \"blessing,\" \"drawing down [of spiritual energy]\") is a formula of blessing or thanksgiving, recited in public or private, usually before the performance of a commandment, or the enjoyment of food or fragrance, and in praise on various occasions.", "Berakhah __knowledge__ The function of a \"berakhah\" is to acknowledge God as the source of all blessing.", "Berakhah __knowledge__ Berakhot also have an educational function to transform a variety of everyday actions and occurrences into religious experiences designed to increase awareness of God at all times.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why human beings change over the course of their life.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Developmental psychologists aim to explain how thinking, feeling and behaviour change throughout life.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ This field examines change across three major dimensions: physical development, cognitive development, and socioemotional development.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Within these three dimensions are a broad range of topics including motor skills, executive functions, moral understanding, language acquisition, social change, personality, emotional development, self-concept and identity formation.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting (AP) is a parenting philosophy that proposes methods which aim to promote the attachment of mother and infant not only by maximal maternal empathy and responsiveness but also by continuous bodily closeness and touch.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The term \"attachment parenting\" has been coined by the American pediatrician William Sears.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ In family sociology, attachment parenting is considered to be the most striking manifestation of \"intensive mothering\" or \"New momism\".", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The doctrine has hence been targeted by criticism from a host of objectors.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting is only one of many responsiveness and love-oriented parenting philosophies that entered the pedagogical mainstream after World War II, and it owes many of its ideas to older teachings, such as Benjamin Spock's influential handbook \"Baby and Child Care\" (1946).", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ Attachment theory is a psychological model that attempts to describe the dynamics of long-term and short-term interpersonal relationships between humans.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ However, \"attachment theory is not formulated as a general theory of relationships.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ It addresses only a specific facet\": how human beings respond within relationships when hurt, separated from loved ones, or perceiving a threat.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ Essentially all infants become attached if provided any caregiver, but there are individual differences in the quality of the relationships.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ In infants, attachment as a motivational and behavioral system directs the child to seek proximity with a familiar caregiver when they are alarmed, with the expectation that they will receive protection and emotional support.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Physical growth (particularly in males), and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ Child abuse or child maltreatment is physical, sexual, or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or other caregiver.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or other caregiver that results in actual or potential harm to a child, and can occur in a child's home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ The terms \"child abuse\" and \"child maltreatment\" are often used interchangeably, although some researchers make a distinction between them, treating \"child maltreatment\" as an umbrella term to cover neglect, exploitation, and trafficking.", "Empathy __knowledge__ Empathy is the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within the other person's frame of reference, i.e., the capacity to place oneself in another's position.", "Empathy __knowledge__ There are many definitions for empathy that encompass a broad range of emotional states.", "Empathy __knowledge__ Types of empathy include cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, and empathy.", "Empathy __knowledge__ The English word \"empathy\" is derived from the Ancient Greek word εμπάθεια (\"empatheia\", meaning \"physical affection or passion\").", "Empathy __knowledge__ This, in turn, comes from εν (\"en\", \"in, at\") and πάθος (\"pathos\", \"passion\" or \"suffering\").", "Empathy __knowledge__ The term was adapted by Hermann Lotze and Robert Vischer to create the German word \"Einfühlung\" (\"feeling into\"), which was translated by Edward B. Titchener into the English term empathy.", "Genie (feral child) __knowledge__ Genie (born 1957) is the pseudonym for an American feral child who was a victim of severe abuse, neglect, and social isolation.", "Genie (feral child) __knowledge__ Her circumstances are prominently recorded in the annals of linguistics and abnormal child psychology.", "Genie (feral child) __knowledge__ When she was a baby her father concluded that she was severely mentally retarded, a view which intensified as she got older, causing him to dislike her and withhold care and attention.", "Genie (feral child) __knowledge__ At approximately the time she reached the age of 20 months he decided to keep her as socially isolated as possible as a result of this belief, so from that time until she reached the age of 13 years and 7 months he kept her locked alone in a room." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ This article describes the foreign policy positions taken by Donald Trump during his 2016 presidential campaign.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ In a \"New York Times\" interview in July 2016, Presidential Nominee Trump \"repeatedly defined American global interests almost purely in economic terms,\" with the nation's \"roles as a peacekeeper, as a provider of a nuclear deterrent against adversaries like North Korea, as an advocate of human rights and as a guarantor of allies' borders\" being \"quickly reduced to questions of economic benefit to the United States.\"", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ A 68-page document likely written by and under the direction of the Trump administration's national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H.R.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances.", "Kim Butterfield __knowledge__ Kim Butterfield is a fictional character from the British soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Daisy Wood-Davis.", "Kim Butterfield __knowledge__ The character made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on 7 October 2014.", "Kim Butterfield __knowledge__ The character and Wood-Davis' casting were announced on 23 September 2014.", "Kim Butterfield __knowledge__ Kim was created to explore established character Lindsey Butterfield's (Sophie Austin) backstory and to act as a love-interest for Esther Bloom (Jazmine Franks).", "Kim Butterfield __knowledge__ Kim is characterised as a feisty female nurse with a complex personality.", "Kim Butterfield __knowledge__ She can be evil, manipulative and obsessive but fun-loving and bubbly in other scenes.", "Kim Butterfield __knowledge__ Wood-Davis has explained that when her character is \"alone in her own head\" she becomes insane.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in the comic book series The Boys, created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The Boys are a CIA black ops team, initially created by Col. Greg Mallory to manage, police, and sometimes liquidate Vought-American's superhumans.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ While this is in part to help protect normal humans from the actions of the largely out of control \"supes,\" this is also to ensure that the company lack the stability or the platform to push the use of superhumans in national defense.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ Over time, however, the team's focus was changed, due to Butcher's increased influence, from one of management and containment to one of direct confrontation.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Pricing games are featured on the current version of the American game show The Price Is Right.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ The contestant from Contestants' Row who bids closest to the price of a prize without going over wins the prize and has the chance to win additional prizes or cash in an onstage game.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Prior to expanding to one hour in length, three games per episode were played during the half-hour format.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ With the exception of a single game from early in the show's history, only one contestant at a time is involved in a pricing game.", "Deal or No Deal (Australian game show) __knowledge__ Deal or No Deal was an Australian game show that aired on the Seven Network between 2003 and 2015.", "Deal or No Deal (Australian game show) __knowledge__ It was the first international version of the game show, after the original Dutch version.", "Deal or No Deal (Australian game show) __knowledge__ It was the first of the versions to use the \"Deal or No Deal\" name.", "Deal or No Deal (Australian game show) __knowledge__ The show was recorded at the studio facilities of Global Television located in the Melbourne suburb of Southbank.", "Deal or No Deal (Australian game show) __knowledge__ The top prize of $200,000 was won by four contestants.", "Deal or No Deal (Australian game show) __knowledge__ Many changes were made to \"Deal or No Deal\" during its run.", "Deal or No Deal (Australian game show) __knowledge__ These included, among others, changing from a weekly format to a daily format, which resulted in the reduction of the top prize from $2,000,000 to $200,000; interactive features inviting home viewers to play along with \"Double Deal Friday\"; and additional special features added to the game (such as \"Double or Nothing\" and \"Super Case\").", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ The American television sitcom \"The Big Bang Theory\", created and executive produced by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ The series initially centers on five characters: roommates Leonard Hofstadter and Sheldon Cooper, two Caltech physicists; Penny, a waitress and aspiring actress who lives across the hall; and Leonard and Sheldon's friends and co-workers aerospace engineer Howard Wolowitz, and astrophysicist Raj Koothrappali.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ Over time, several supporting characters have been introduced and promoted to starring roles, including Leslie Winkle, Amy Farrah Fowler, Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz, Stuart Bloom, and Emily Sweeney.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ Robert Jacob Sugden is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera \"Emmerdale\".", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ The character originally appeared on the show regularly between 22 April 1986 and 3 October 2005.", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ During that time he was first played as a baby by Richard Smith from 1986 and 1989 before the role was taken over by Christopher Smith from 1989 and 2001.", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ In 2001, Karl Davies took over the role in order for the character to become involved in more adult storylines, as he grew older.", "Robert Sugden __knowledge__ Karl Davies briefly reprised his role as Robert for one episode airing on 10 February 2009, when he returned for the funeral of his father and longest running character Jack Sugden (Clive Hornby).", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating is a stage of romantic relationships in humans whereby two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the other's suitability as a prospective partner in an intimate relationship or marriage.", "Dating __knowledge__ It is a form of courtship, consisting of social activities done by the couple, either alone or with others.", "Dating __knowledge__ The protocols and practices of dating, and the terms used to describe it, vary considerably from country to country and over time.", "Dating __knowledge__ While the term has several meanings, the most frequent usage refers to two people exploring whether they are romantically or sexually compatible by participating in dates with the other." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 95 ]

[ "Hello. Are you a parent of a child?", "Yes I am the parent of a 1 year old. How old is your child?", "That's great. Parenting involves the physical, emotional, and social development of a child. Have you enjoyed watching your children develop?", "Yes are you worried about dating or getting into trouble?", "My daughter is only 1 and I'm already worried about when she starts dating!" ]

[ "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting" ]

[ "Spider", "I am not scare of the small spider, but the big ones or those who have thick legs scare me too.", "Oh yeah, Tarantulas are the worst, but I don't think that I've ever see one for real, maybe in the zoo. I mean like miny trarantulas that I find sometimes around the house., like 2 inches. How big are Tarantulas?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Spider __knowledge__ Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs that inject venom.", "Spider __knowledge__ They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all other orders of organisms.", "Spider __knowledge__ Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except for Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every habitat with the exceptions of air and sea colonization.", "Spider __knowledge__ , at least 45,700 spider species, and 113 families have been recorded by taxonomists.", "Spider __knowledge__ However, there has been dissension within the scientific community as to how all these families should be classified, as evidenced by the over 20 different classifications that have been proposed since 1900.", "Spider __knowledge__ Anatomically, spiders differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two tagmata, the cephalothorax and abdomen, and joined by a small, cylindrical pedicel.", "Spider __knowledge__ Unlike insects, spiders do not have antennae.", "Spider __knowledge__ In all except the most primitive group, the Mesothelae, spiders have the most centralized nervous systems of all arthropods, as all their ganglia are fused into one mass in the cephalothorax.", "Spider __knowledge__ Unlike most arthropods, spiders have no extensor muscles in their limbs and instead extend them by hydraulic pressure." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Spider __knowledge__ Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs that inject venom.", "Spider __knowledge__ They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all other orders of organisms.", "Spider __knowledge__ Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except for Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every habitat with the exceptions of air and sea colonization.", "Spider __knowledge__ , at least 45,700 spider species, and 113 families have been recorded by taxonomists.", "Spider __knowledge__ However, there has been dissension within the scientific community as to how all these families should be classified, as evidenced by the over 20 different classifications that have been proposed since 1900.", "Spider __knowledge__ Anatomically, spiders differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two tagmata, the cephalothorax and abdomen, and joined by a small, cylindrical pedicel.", "Spider __knowledge__ Unlike insects, spiders do not have antennae.", "Spider __knowledge__ In all except the most primitive group, the Mesothelae, spiders have the most centralized nervous systems of all arthropods, as all their ganglia are fused into one mass in the cephalothorax.", "Spider __knowledge__ Unlike most arthropods, spiders have no extensor muscles in their limbs and instead extend them by hydraulic pressure.", "List of Monsters, Inc. characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Pixar media franchise \"Monsters, Inc.\" consisting of the 2001 film \"Monsters, Inc.\" and the 2013 film \"Monsters University\".", "List of Monsters, Inc. characters __knowledge__ The monster characters reside in the city of Monstropolis.", "List of Monsters, Inc. characters __knowledge__ According to a DVD bonus feature, Monstropolis was founded after all of the monsters who once co-existed with humans were all chased off the mainland and eventually moved to an island on an unknown world where they have lived ever since.", "List of Monsters, Inc. characters __knowledge__ The only way for them to enter human-inhabited areas was via closet doors.", "List of Monsters, Inc. characters __knowledge__ The company Monsters, Inc. provides Monstropolis with power from the screams of human children that have been scared by specialized agents who work for Monsters, Inc. called \"scarers\".", "List of Spider-Slayers __knowledge__ The Spider-Slayers are a group of robots that appear in the comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "List of Spider-Slayers __knowledge__ Created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko, the original Spider-Slayer first appeared in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" #25 (June 1965).", "List of Spider-Slayers __knowledge__ Primarily foes of Spider-Man the first Spider-Slayer was built by scientist Spencer Smythe, who created several more of the robots to combat the hero up until his death.", "List of Spider-Slayers __knowledge__ After Smythe's death several others made Spider-Slayers, including Smythe's son Alistair.", "List of Spider-Slayers __knowledge__ Appearing at the \"Daily Bugle\" scientist Spencer Smythe offered his services to the publisher J. Jonah Jameson, claiming his Spider-Slayer could capture Spider-Man.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ The Masters of the Universe franchise debuted in 1982, the creation of American company Mattel.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ The MOTU characters have appeared in a wide variety of different forms, including toys, animation, film, comics, books, videogames and spin-offs.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ All of these characters were released in the vintage Mattel toyline.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ He-Man is \"the most powerful man in the universe\" and in most media he is the alter-ego of Prince Adam.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ He is armed with a power harness that enhances his strength, the Sword of Power, a battle axe, and a shield.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ Early media, such as the minicomics packaged with the original run of action figures, also depicts him carrying a knife.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the 1994 television series \"Spider-Man.\"", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ Peter Benjamin Parker (Christopher Daniel Barnes) is the main protagonist of the series.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ A one-time high school \"science geek\", Peter was the subject of much ridicule, especially at the hands of Flash Thompson.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ After his parents died in a plane crash, Peter lived with his Uncle Ben and Aunt May, who doted and worried endlessly about the reclusive boy suddenly placed in their midst.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ During a class field trip to see a demonstration of Neogenic radiation, carried on by Professor Farley Stillwell, a spider crawled into Stillwell's machine and became irradiated, biting Peter in the hand and granting him the proportionate abilities of a spider, including superhuman strength, durability, stamina, speed, agility, senses and a \"Spider-Sense\" that warned him of imminent danger.", "15 Big Ones __knowledge__ 15 Big Ones is the 20th studio album by American rock group The Beach Boys released in July 1976.", "15 Big Ones __knowledge__ It comprises cover versions of rock and roll and rhythm and blues standards, along with a few new originals.", "15 Big Ones __knowledge__ The album was met with mixed reviews, but the highest sales the band had for a new studio album in many years, peaking at number 8 on the weekly \"Billboard\" albums chart.", "15 Big Ones __knowledge__ Three singles were issued: a cover of Chuck Berry's \"Rock and Roll Music\" and the originals \"It's O.K.\"", "15 Big Ones __knowledge__ and \"Everyone's in Love with You\".", "15 Big Ones __knowledge__ The first two charted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at numbers 8 and 29, respectively.", "15 Big Ones __knowledge__ With Blondie Chaplin and Ricky Fataar having left the Beach Boys following their preceding album \"Holland\" (1973), \"15 Big Ones\" was recorded at a time when the group was struggling with their creative direction.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Animal Mechanicals episodes __knowledge__ This is a complete list of episodes from the animated TV show \"Animal Mechanicals\".", "List of Animal Mechanicals episodes __knowledge__ The Animal Mechanicals go to Turbo Bean Island to plant a Turbo Bean.", "List of Animal Mechanicals episodes __knowledge__ Rex transforms to dig a hole, but then accidentally touches the Turbo Bean when trying to plant it, causing it to grow double turbo blasters and fly into a cog tree, Sasquatch transforms to stretch up and grab the Bean which is stuck in the cog tree, causing it to fly around with Sasquatch.", "List of Animal Mechanicals episodes __knowledge__ Mouse transforms to chase the Bean, but it goes too high for her, and Unicorn transforms to chase the bean down to Mouse.", "List of Animal Mechanicals episodes __knowledge__ When they do manage to plant the Turbo Bean it sprouts a Bean Pole from which more Turbo Beans appear.", "List of dangerous snakes __knowledge__ List of dangerous snakes: Is an overview of the snakes that pose a significant health risk to humans, through snakebites or other physical trauma.", "List of dangerous snakes __knowledge__ The varieties of snake that most often cause serious snakebites depends on the region of the world.", "List of dangerous snakes __knowledge__ In Africa the most dangerous species include mambas, Egyptian cobras, puff adders, and carpet vipers; in the Middle East the species of greatest concern are carpet vipers and elapids; in Central and South America, \"Bothrops\" (including the terciopelo or fer-de-lance) and \"Crotalus\" (rattlesnakes) are of greatest concern.", "List of dangerous snakes __knowledge__ In South Asia it has historically been believed that Indian cobras, common kraits, Russell's viper and carpet vipers were the most dangerous species, however other snakes may also cause significant problems in this area of the world.", "List of medically significant spider bites __knowledge__ A number of spiders can cause spider bites that are medically important.", "List of medically significant spider bites __knowledge__ Almost all spiders produce venom but only a few are classified as \"venomous\" and able to cause significant harm to humans.", "List of medically significant spider bites __knowledge__ Two medically important spider genera have a worldwide distribution—\"Latrodectus\" and \"Loxosceles\".", "List of medically significant spider bites __knowledge__ Others have a limited distribution.", "List of medically significant spider bites __knowledge__ Medical reports have been criticized for poor evidence.", "List of medically significant spider bites __knowledge__ In the last century, both white tailed and wolf spiders were considered medically significant, only to be recanted.", "List of medically significant spider bites __knowledge__ Only four genera (\"Phoneutria\", \"Atrax\", \"Latrodectus\", and \"Loxosceles\") are considered medically significant.", "Tarantula __knowledge__ Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy arachnids belonging to the Theraphosidae family of spiders, of which about 900 species have been identified.", "Tarantula __knowledge__ This article only describes members of the Theraphosidae, although some other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as \"tarantulas\".", "Tarantula __knowledge__ Except in cases of anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction), no species of tarantula is dangerous to humans, and some species have become popular in the exotic pet trade.", "Tarantula __knowledge__ Like all arthropods, the tarantula is an invertebrate that relies on an exoskeleton for muscular support.", "Redback spider __knowledge__ The redback spider (\"Latrodectus hasseltii\") is a species of highly venomous spider believed to originate in the South Australian or adjacent Western Australian deserts, but now found throughout Australia, Southeast Asia and New Zealand, with colonies elsewhere outside Australia.", "Redback spider __knowledge__ It is a member of the cosmopolitan genus \"Latrodectus\", the widow spiders.", "Redback spider __knowledge__ The adult female is easily recognised by her spherical black body with a prominent red stripe on the upper side of her abdomen and an hourglass-shaped red/orange streak on the underside.", "Redback spider __knowledge__ Females usually have a body length of about , while the male is much smaller, being only long.", "Australian funnel-web spider __knowledge__ Atracinae, commonly known as Australian funnel-web spiders, is a subfamily of spiders in the funnel-web spider family Hexathelidae.", "Australian funnel-web spider __knowledge__ Studies have repeatedly cast doubt on the taxonomic status of the group, often finding them associated with the family Actinopodidae.", "Australian funnel-web spider __knowledge__ All members of the subfamily are native to Australia.", "Australian funnel-web spider __knowledge__ Atracinae consists of three genera: \"Atrax\", \"Hadronyche\", and \"Illawarra\", comprising 35 species.", "Australian funnel-web spider __knowledge__ A number of the species produce venom which is dangerous to humans and bites by spiders of six of the species have caused severe injuries to victims.", "Australian funnel-web spider __knowledge__ The bite of the Sydney funnel-web spider (\"Atrax robustus\") is potentially deadly, but no fatalities have occurred since the introduction of modern first-aid techniques and antivenom.", "Viperidae __knowledge__ The Viperidae (vipers) is a family of venomous snakes found in most parts of the world, excluding Antarctica, Australia, New Zealand, Madagascar, Hawaii, various other isolated islands, and north of the Arctic Circle.", "Viperidae __knowledge__ All have relatively long, hinged fangs that permit deep penetration and injection of venom.", "Viperidae __knowledge__ Four subfamilies are currently recognised.", "Viperidae __knowledge__ They are also known as viperids.", "Viperidae __knowledge__ The name \"viper\" is derived from the Latin word \"vipera\", -\"ae\", also meaning viper, possibly from vivus (\"living\") and parere (\"to beget\"), referring to the trait viviparity (giving live birth) common in vipers but not in snakes at large." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Spider __knowledge__ Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs that inject venom.", "Spider __knowledge__ They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all other orders of organisms.", "Spider __knowledge__ Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except for Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every habitat with the exceptions of air and sea colonization.", "Spider __knowledge__ , at least 45,700 spider species, and 113 families have been recorded by taxonomists.", "Spider __knowledge__ However, there has been dissension within the scientific community as to how all these families should be classified, as evidenced by the over 20 different classifications that have been proposed since 1900.", "Spider __knowledge__ Anatomically, spiders differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two tagmata, the cephalothorax and abdomen, and joined by a small, cylindrical pedicel.", "Spider __knowledge__ Unlike insects, spiders do not have antennae.", "Spider __knowledge__ In all except the most primitive group, the Mesothelae, spiders have the most centralized nervous systems of all arthropods, as all their ganglia are fused into one mass in the cephalothorax.", "Spider __knowledge__ Unlike most arthropods, spiders have no extensor muscles in their limbs and instead extend them by hydraulic pressure.", "Tarantula __knowledge__ Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy arachnids belonging to the Theraphosidae family of spiders, of which about 900 species have been identified.", "Tarantula __knowledge__ This article only describes members of the Theraphosidae, although some other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as \"tarantulas\".", "Tarantula __knowledge__ Except in cases of anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction), no species of tarantula is dangerous to humans, and some species have become popular in the exotic pet trade.", "Tarantula __knowledge__ Like all arthropods, the tarantula is an invertebrate that relies on an exoskeleton for muscular support.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Stone is a 2010 U.S. crime thriller film directed by John Curran and starring Robert De Niro, Edward Norton and Milla Jovovich.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Most of the filming was done in Washtenaw County, Michigan.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ This was the final film to be released by Overture Films.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Young mother Madylyn Mabry puts her daughter to bed while her husband Jack watches golf on television.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ A bee buzzes around the window as she stays with her girl.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ After the child is asleep, she goes downstairs and announces she's leaving, saying \"You keep my soul in a dungeon.\"", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ He takes a moment to disconnect from the game, then runs upstairs to the bedroom and holds their daughter out the window, threatening to drop her if Madylyn leaves.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" is a single released in 1985 by the Swiss band Yello and featured on their album \"Stella\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song features a mix of electronic music and manipulated vocals.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song gained popularity after being featured in the films \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and \"The Secret of My Success\", among other films.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It has become an iconic anthem of the 1980s, and used to metaphorically represent lust (in various forms) and cocaine.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It is a popular staple in movies, television and commercials.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Its 1987 re-released version features the extra lyrics: \"such a good time / a really good time\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Describing the composition of \"Oh Yeah,\" Blank said, \"First I did the music and then I invited Dieter to sing along, and he came up with some lines which I thought, 'no Dieter, it's too complicated, we don't need that many lyrics'.", "Arachnid __knowledge__ Arachnids are a class (Arachnida) of joint-legged invertebrate animals (arthropods), in the subphylum Chelicerata.", "Arachnid __knowledge__ All arachnids have eight legs, although the front pair of legs in some species has converted to a sensory function, while in other species, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs.", "Arachnid __knowledge__ The term is derived from the Greek word (\"aráchnē\"), from the myth of the hubristic human weaver Arachne who was turned into a spider.", "Arachnid __knowledge__ Spiders are the largest order in the class, which also includes scorpions, ticks, mites, harvestmen, and solifuges.", "Arachnid __knowledge__ Almost all extant arachnids are terrestrial, living mainly on land.", "List of medically significant spider bites __knowledge__ A number of spiders can cause spider bites that are medically important.", "List of medically significant spider bites __knowledge__ Almost all spiders produce venom but only a few are classified as \"venomous\" and able to cause significant harm to humans.", "List of medically significant spider bites __knowledge__ Two medically important spider genera have a worldwide distribution—\"Latrodectus\" and \"Loxosceles\".", "List of medically significant spider bites __knowledge__ Others have a limited distribution.", "List of medically significant spider bites __knowledge__ Medical reports have been criticized for poor evidence.", "List of medically significant spider bites __knowledge__ In the last century, both white tailed and wolf spiders were considered medically significant, only to be recanted.", "List of medically significant spider bites __knowledge__ Only four genera (\"Phoneutria\", \"Atrax\", \"Latrodectus\", and \"Loxosceles\") are considered medically significant.", "Radiocarbon dating __knowledge__ Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon (), a radioactive isotope of carbon.", "Radiocarbon dating __knowledge__ The method was developed by Willard Libby in the late 1940s and soon became a standard tool for archaeologists.", "Radiocarbon dating __knowledge__ Libby received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in 1960.", "Radiocarbon dating __knowledge__ The radiocarbon dating method is based on the fact that radiocarbon is constantly being created in the atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric nitrogen.", "Radiocarbon dating __knowledge__ The resulting radiocarbon combines with atmospheric oxygen to form radioactive carbon dioxide, which is incorporated into plants by photosynthesis; animals then acquire by eating the plants.", "Arachnology __knowledge__ Arachnology is the scientific study of spiders and related animals such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, and harvestmen, collectively called arachnids.", "Arachnology __knowledge__ Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists.", "Arachnology __knowledge__ The word \"arachnology\" derives from Greek , \"arachnē\", \"spider\"; and , \"-logia\".", "Arachnology __knowledge__ Arachnologists are primarily responsible for classifying arachnids and studying aspects of their biology.", "Arachnology __knowledge__ In the popular imagination they are sometimes referred to as 'spider experts'.", "Arachnology __knowledge__ Disciplines within arachnology include naming species and determining their evolutionary relationships to one another (taxonomy and systematics), studying how they interact with other members of their species and/or their environment (behavioural ecology), or how they are distributed in different regions and habitats (faunistics).", "Tarantulas: The Deadly Cargo __knowledge__ Tarantulas: The Deadly Cargo is a 1977 American made-for-television horror film directed by Stuart Hagmann and starring Claude Akins, Charles Frank, Deborah Winters, Matthew Laborteaux and Pat Hingle.", "Tarantulas: The Deadly Cargo __knowledge__ The film was produced by Alan Landsburg Productions and broadcast on CBS on December 28, 1977.", "Tarantulas: The Deadly Cargo __knowledge__ In Guatemala, two reckless fortune-hunting pilots bribe officials in order to fly a load of coffee beans from South America into the United States.", "Tarantulas: The Deadly Cargo __knowledge__ To increase their profits, they take aboard three passengers whom they agree to smuggle into the U.S.", "Tarantulas: The Deadly Cargo __knowledge__ Problems arise when sacks of the beans containing deadly tarantulas are loaded into the cargo bay." ] ]

[ 1, 58, 12 ]

[ "Spiders scare the crap out of me because they have fangs and can inject you with venom.", "You mean like hairy arachnids called tarantulas?", "I'm not sure, but they are not really dangerous unless you are allergic to them." ]

[ "Spider", "Spider", "Spider" ]

[ "Bible\nMy favorite book is the Bible.", "I'd have to say Jeremiah 29:11.", "My favorite part is \"You will seek me and find me when you seek me with all your heart\". How beautiful.", "I believe it was meant to be taken metaphorically." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bible __knowledge__ The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, \"tà biblía\", \"the books\") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.", "Bible __knowledge__ Many different authors contributed to the Bible.", "Bible __knowledge__ What is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups; a number of Bible canons have evolved, with overlapping and diverging contents.", "Bible __knowledge__ The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh.", "Bible __knowledge__ The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians, believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ, written in first-century Koine Greek.", "Bible __knowledge__ These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives, letters, and apocalyptic writings.", "Bible __knowledge__ Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon, primarily the Apocrypha, a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect.", "Bible __knowledge__ Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups.", "Bible __knowledge__ Roman Catholics, Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition, while Protestant churches focus on the idea of \"sola scriptura\", or scripture alone.", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ What's So Amazing About Grace?", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ is a 1997 book by Philip Yancey, an American journalist and editor-at-large for \"Christianity Today\".", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ The book examines grace in Christianity, contending that people crave grace and that it is central to the gospel, but that many local churches ignore grace and instead seek to exterminate immorality.", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ \"What's So Amazing About Grace?\"", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ includes Bible stories, anecdotes from Yancey's life, accounts of historical events and other stories.", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ These include a modern retelling of the Parable of the Prodigal Son, an account of Yancey's friendship with Mel White who came out as homosexual, a comparison of the teachings of early Christians Pelagius and Augustine of Hippo, and a summary of Karen Blixen's short story \"Babette's Feast\".", "Robert Bausch __knowledge__ Robert Bausch (born April 18, 1945) is an American fiction writer, the author of nine novels and one collection of short stories.", "Robert Bausch __knowledge__ He is currently a Professor of English at Northern Virginia Community College, and he has taught at the University of Virginia, The American University, Johns Hopkins University, George Mason University, and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.", "Robert Bausch __knowledge__ His fourth novel, \"A Hole in the Earth\", was a \"New York Times\" Notable Book of the Year and a \"Washington Post\" Favorite Book of the Year.", "Robert Bausch __knowledge__ He has been awarded the Fellowship of Southern Writers' award for fiction for his fifth novel, \"The Gypsy Man\".", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ Gone with the Wind is a novel by American writer Margaret Mitchell, first published in 1936.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ The story is set in Clayton County and Atlanta, both in Georgia, during the American Civil War and Reconstruction Era.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ It depicts the struggles of young Scarlett O'Hara, the spoiled daughter of a well-to-do plantation owner, who must use every means at her disposal to claw her way out of poverty following Sherman's destructive \"March to the Sea\".", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ This historical novel features a \"Bildungsroman\" or coming-of-age story, with the title taken from a poem written by Ernest Dowson.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ \"Gone with the Wind\" was popular with American readers from the outset and was the top American fiction bestseller in 1936 and 1937.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "The Sea of Trees __knowledge__ The Sea of Trees is a 2015 American drama mystery film directed by Gus Van Sant and written by Chris Sparling.", "The Sea of Trees __knowledge__ The film stars Matthew McConaughey, Ken Watanabe, Naomi Watts, Katie Aselton and Jordan Gavaris.", "The Sea of Trees __knowledge__ The film is about an American man who attempts suicide in Mount Fuji's \"Suicide Forest\" where he meets a Japanese man who is there for the same reason.", "The Sea of Trees __knowledge__ Principal photography began on July 28, 2014, in Foxborough, Massachusetts; the production moved to Japan in September of the same year.", "The Sea of Trees __knowledge__ It was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival.", "The Sea of Trees __knowledge__ The film was released on August 26, 2016, by A24.", "Twilight (novel series) __knowledge__ Twilight is a series of four vampire-themed fantasy romance novels by American author Stephenie Meyer.", "Twilight (novel series) __knowledge__ Released annually from 2005 through 2008, the four books chart the later teen years of Isabella \"Bella\" Swan, a girl who moves to Forks, Washington, and falls in love with a 104-year-old vampire named Edward Cullen.", "Twilight (novel series) __knowledge__ The series is told primarily from Bella's point of view, with the epilogue of \"Eclipse\" and Part II of \"Breaking Dawn\" being told from the viewpoint of character Jacob Black, a werewolf.", "Twilight (novel series) __knowledge__ The unpublished \"Midnight Sun\" is a retelling of the first book, \"Twilight\", from Edward Cullen's point of view.", "King James Version __knowledge__ The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed in 1611.", "King James Version __knowledge__ The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha (most of which correspond to books in the Vulgate Deuterocanon adhered to by Roman Catholics), and the 27 books of the New Testament.", "King James Version __knowledge__ It was first printed by the King's Printer Robert Barker and was the third translation into English approved by the English Church authorities." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bible __knowledge__ The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, \"tà biblía\", \"the books\") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.", "Bible __knowledge__ Many different authors contributed to the Bible.", "Bible __knowledge__ What is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups; a number of Bible canons have evolved, with overlapping and diverging contents.", "Bible __knowledge__ The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh.", "Bible __knowledge__ The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians, believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ, written in first-century Koine Greek.", "Bible __knowledge__ These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives, letters, and apocalyptic writings.", "Bible __knowledge__ Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon, primarily the Apocrypha, a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect.", "Bible __knowledge__ Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups.", "Bible __knowledge__ Roman Catholics, Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition, while Protestant churches focus on the idea of \"sola scriptura\", or scripture alone.", "Dianne Mirosh __knowledge__ Dianne Mirosh is a former provincial-level politician from Alberta, Canada.", "Dianne Mirosh __knowledge__ She served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1986 to 1997.", "Dianne Mirosh __knowledge__ During her time in office, she served a number of cabinet portfolios in the Don Getty and Ralph Klein governments.", "Dianne Mirosh __knowledge__ Mirosh was elected to the Alberta Legislature in the 1986 Alberta general election.", "Dianne Mirosh __knowledge__ She won the electoral district of Calgary-Glenmore, defeating three other candidates to hold it for the Progressive Conservative Party.", "Dianne Mirosh __knowledge__ The race saw a strong challenge by Independent candidate Lois Cummings, who finished a strong second.", "Dianne Mirosh __knowledge__ Mirosh was re-elected in the 1989 Alberta general election.", "The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things __knowledge__ The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things is a 2004 drama film co-written and directed by Asia Argento and starring Argento, Jimmy Bennett & Dylan and Cole Sprouse (with Jimmy, Dylan and Cole sharing the role as Jeremiah).", "The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things __knowledge__ The screenplay by Argento and Alessandro Magania is based on JT LeRoy's novel of the same name.", "The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things __knowledge__ The film received a limited theatrical release in North America on March 10, 2006.", "The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things __knowledge__ The film concerns a tattered relationship between Sarah, a drug addict, and her young son, Jeremiah.", "The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things __knowledge__ Their life together is marked by Sarah's drug-taking and heavy drinking.", "The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things __knowledge__ The title is taken from Jeremiah .", "Jeremiah 29 __knowledge__ Jeremiah 29 is the twenty-eighth chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.", "Jeremiah 29 __knowledge__ It is numbered as Jeremiah 36 in Septuagint.", "Jeremiah 29 __knowledge__ This book compiles the prophecies spoken by the prophet Jeremiah, and is a part of the Books of the Prophets.", "Jeremiah 29 __knowledge__ Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter in Hebrew language: Ancient translations in Koine Greek: The order of chapters and verses of the Book of Jeremiah in the English Bibles, Masoretic Text (Hebrew), and Vulgate (Latin), in some places differs from that in Septuagint (LXX, the Greek Bible used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and others) according to Rahlfs or Brenton.", "Jeremiah __knowledge__ Jeremiah (; , Modern: '  , Tiberian: '; ; \"\" meaning \"Yah Exalts\"), also called the \"Weeping prophet\", was one of the major prophets of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament).", "Jeremiah __knowledge__ According to Jewish tradition, Jeremiah authored the Book of Jeremiah, the Books of Kings and the Book of Lamentations, with the assistance and under the editorship of Baruch ben Neriah, his scribe and disciple.", "Jeremiah __knowledge__ Greater detail is known about Jeremiah's life than for that of any other prophet.", "Jeremiah __knowledge__ However, no biography of him can be written, as there are few facts available.", "Jeremiah __knowledge__ Judaism considers the Book of Jeremiah part of its canon, and regards Jeremiah as the second of the major prophets.", "Emanuel Tov __knowledge__ Emanuel Tov (; born September 15, 1941, Amsterdam, Netherlands) is emeritus Professor in the Department of Bible at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.", "Emanuel Tov __knowledge__ Emanuel Tov was born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands during the German occupation (1941).", "Emanuel Tov __knowledge__ When he was one year old his parents entrusted him to the care of a Christian family.", "Emanuel Tov __knowledge__ His parents perished in the Holocaust, and following the war he grew up with his uncle and aunt as one of their children.", "Emanuel Tov __knowledge__ He studied at a “gymnasium”, where he learned classical and modern European languages, and at the same time learned Hebrew at Talmud Torah.", "Emanuel Tov __knowledge__ From age 14, he was active in the Zionistic youth movement “Ichud Habonim” and served as one of its leaders.", "The Sword of Aldones __knowledge__ The Sword of Aldones is a sword and planet novel by American writer Marion Zimmer Bradley, part of her Darkover series.", "The Sword of Aldones __knowledge__ It was first published by Ace Books in 1962, dos-à-dos with her other novel \"The Planet Savers\".", "The Sword of Aldones __knowledge__ Bradley revised and rewrote the novel publishing it as \"Sharra's Exile\" in 1981.", "The Sword of Aldones __knowledge__ In his 1977 review of the re-release of \"The Sword of Aldones\", Lester del Rey wrote, \"It presents a somewhat different Darkover than we find in later novels.", "The Sword of Aldones __knowledge__ But even the early stories have the wonderful allure of this strange world.", "The Sword of Aldones __knowledge__ Lew Alton returns to Darkover after a long absence.", "The Sword of Aldones __knowledge__ He muses about the Sharra Rebellion, which events six years earlier, led to his wife's death.", "Apocalyptic literature __knowledge__ Apocalyptic literature is a genre of prophetical writing that developed in post-Exilic Jewish culture and was popular among millennialist early Christians.", "Apocalyptic literature __knowledge__ \"Apocalypse\" (ἀποκάλυψις) is a Greek word meaning \"revelation\", \"an unveiling or unfolding of things not previously known and which could not be known apart from the unveiling\".", "Apocalyptic literature __knowledge__ As a genre, apocalyptic literature details the authors' visions of the end times as revealed by an angel or other heavenly messenger.", "Apocalyptic literature __knowledge__ The apocalyptic literature of Judaism and Christianity embraces a considerable period, from the centuries following the Babylonian exile down to the close of the Middle Ages.", "New Testament __knowledge__ The New Testament (, \"Hē Kainḕ Diathḗkē\"; ) is the second part of the Christian biblical canon, the first part being the Old Testament, based on the Hebrew Bible.", "New Testament __knowledge__ The New Testament discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity.", "New Testament __knowledge__ Christians regard both the Old and New Testaments together as sacred scripture.", "New Testament __knowledge__ The New Testament (in whole or in part) has frequently accompanied the spread of Christianity around the world.", "New Testament __knowledge__ It reflects and serves as a source for Christian theology and morality.", "New Testament __knowledge__ Extended readings and phrases directly from the New Testament are incorporated (along with readings from the Old Testament) into the various Christian liturgies.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Christian theology is the theology of Christian belief and practice.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Such study concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis and argument.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Theologians may undertake Christian theology in order: or for a variety of other reasons.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Systematic theology as a discipline of Christian theology formulates an orderly, rational and coherent account of Christian faith and beliefs.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Systematic theology draws on the foundational sacred texts of Christianity, while simultaneously investigating the development of Christian doctrine over the course of history, particularly through philosophical evolution.", "Criticism of Christianity __knowledge__ Criticism of Christianity has a long history stretching back to the initial formation of the religion during the Roman Empire.", "Criticism of Christianity __knowledge__ Critics have attacked Christian beliefs and teachings as well as Christian actions, from the Crusades to modern terrorism.", "Criticism of Christianity __knowledge__ The intellectual arguments against Christianity include the suppositions that it is a faith of violence, corruption, superstition, polytheism, and bigotry.", "Criticism of Christianity __knowledge__ In the early years of Christianity, the Neoplatonic philosopher Porphyry emerged as one of the major critics with his book \"Against the Christians\".", "Criticism of Christianity __knowledge__ Porphyry argued that Christianity was based on false prophecies that had not yet materialized.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John Lawrence McKenzie (October 9, 1910 – March 2, 1991) was born on October 9, 1910, in Brazil, Indiana, the first of the six children of Myra (Daly) and Harry McKenzie.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John McKenzie became the premier Catholic Biblical scholar of the mid-twentieth century; indeed, John Courtney Murray, SJ, wrote that John McKenzie was \"the best Catholic theologian he knew of in the United States.\"", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John McKenzie was interested in the Jesuits from an early age.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ At some significant sacrifice to his family, he was enrolled in a Jesuit boarding high school in St. Mary’s, Kansas, where he came first in his class three out of his four years there.", "Historiography of early Christianity __knowledge__ Historians have used a variety of sources and methods in exploring and describing the history of early Christianity, commonly known as Christianity before the First Council of Nicaea in 325.", "Historiography of early Christianity __knowledge__ The growth of Christianity and its enhanced status in the Roman Empire after Constantine I led to the development of a distinct Christian historiography, influenced by both Christian theology and the Development of the Christian Biblical canon, encompassing new areas of study and views of history.", "Historiography of early Christianity __knowledge__ The central role of the Bible in Christianity is reflected in the preference of Christian historians for written sources, compared to the classical historians' preference for oral sources and is also reflected in the inclusion of politically unimportant people.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity is a Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as the Christ, or \"Messiah\", who is the focal point of the Christian faiths.", "Christianity __knowledge__ It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christians make up a majority of the population in 158 countries and territories.", "Christianity __knowledge__ They believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah (the Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bible __knowledge__ The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, \"tà biblía\", \"the books\") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.", "Bible __knowledge__ Many different authors contributed to the Bible.", "Bible __knowledge__ What is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups; a number of Bible canons have evolved, with overlapping and diverging contents.", "Bible __knowledge__ The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh.", "Bible __knowledge__ The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians, believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ, written in first-century Koine Greek.", "Bible __knowledge__ These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives, letters, and apocalyptic writings.", "Bible __knowledge__ Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon, primarily the Apocrypha, a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect.", "Bible __knowledge__ Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups.", "Bible __knowledge__ Roman Catholics, Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition, while Protestant churches focus on the idea of \"sola scriptura\", or scripture alone.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ The Divine Feminine is the fourth studio album by American rapper Mac Miller.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ It was released on September 16, 2016, by REMember Music and Warner Bros. Records.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ The album features guest appearances from Kendrick Lamar, Anderson Paak, Ty Dolla Sign and Ariana Grande, among others.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ The album was supported by three singles: \"Dang!", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ \", \"We\" and \"My Favorite Part\".", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ It received generally positive reviews from critics, and charted at number two on the US \"Billboard\" 200.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ According to Miller, the album was not about love (romantic), but rather about learning from women throughout his life and what those experiences mean to him.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the BBC fantasy drama television series \"Merlin\", including supporting characters.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ \"Note: All characters are listed in alphabetical order by their first name.\"", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ Aglain (portrayed by Colin Salmon) was a Druid man who lived in the Forest of Acestir.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ In the second-season episode, \"The Nightmare Begins\", he, with the assistance of Mordred, rescued Morgana from a group of serkets, and later healed the injury she sustained from one of the creatures.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ While she resided with him and his fellow Druids, Aglain encouraged Morgana not to fear herself and her emerging abilities, telling her that magic was not evil and not something Uther should hate.", "Part of Your World __knowledge__ \"Part of Your World\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for Walt Disney Pictures' 28th animated feature film \"The Little Mermaid\" (1989).", "Part of Your World __knowledge__ Performed by American actress and singer Jodi Benson in the titular role as Ariel, a mermaid princess, \"Part of Your World\" is a power ballad in which the main character expresses her strong desire to become human; its lyrics use placeholder names in lieu of several human-related terms that would be unfamiliar to a mermaid.", "Part of Your World __knowledge__ The film's theme song, \"Part of Your World\" is reprised by Ariel after she rescues Eric, a human prince with whom she has fallen in love, from drowning.", "Divine (performer) __knowledge__ Harris Glenn Milstead, better known by his stage name Divine (October 19, 1945 – March 7, 1988), was an American actor, singer and drag queen.", "Divine (performer) __knowledge__ Closely associated with the independent filmmaker John Waters, Divine was a character actor, usually performing female roles in cinematic and theatrical appearances, and adopted a female drag persona for his music career.", "Divine (performer) __knowledge__ Born in Baltimore, Maryland to a conservative middle-class family, Milstead developed an early interest in drag while working as a women's hairdresser.", "Divine (performer) __knowledge__ By the mid-1960s he had embraced the city's countercultural scene and befriended Waters, who gave him the name \"Divine\" and the tagline of \"the most beautiful woman in the world, almost.\"", "Twelver __knowledge__ Twelver (, Athnā‘ashariyyah or Ithnā‘ashariyyah; , ) or Imamiyyah () is the largest branch of Shia Islam.", "Twelver __knowledge__ The term \"Twelver\" refers to its adherents' belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as the Twelve Imams, and their belief that the last Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, lives in occultation and will reappear as the promised Mahdi.", "Twelver __knowledge__ According to Shia tradition, the Mahdi's tenure will coincide with the Second Coming of Jesus Christ (\"Isa\"), who is to assist the \"Mahdi\" against the \"Masih ad-Dajjal\" (literally, the \"false Messiah\" or Antichrist).", "Twelver __knowledge__ Twelvers believe that the Twelve Imams are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.", "Ismah __knowledge__ ‘Iṣmah or ‘Isma (; literally, \"protection\") is the concept of incorruptible innocence, immunity from sin, or moral infallibility in Islamic theology, and which is especially prominent in Shia Islam.", "Ismah __knowledge__ In Shia theology, \"ismah\" is characteristic of prophets, \"imams\", and angels.", "Ismah __knowledge__ When attributed to human beings, ismah means \"the ability of avoiding acts of disobedience, in spite of having the power to commit them\".", "Ismah __knowledge__ Along with a pure constitution, excellent qualities, firmness against opponents, and tranquility (\"as-Sakinah\"), ismah is a divine grace bestowed by God.", "Ismah __knowledge__ An infallible ( \"ma`sūm\") is someone who is free from error in leading people to belief, in perceiving divine knowledge, and in practical matters.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Prophethood (Ahmadiyya) __knowledge__ The view on the Prophets of God (Arabic: نبي) in Ahmadiyya theology differs significantly from Orthodox Islam.", "Prophethood (Ahmadiyya) __knowledge__ The main difference centres on the Quranic term \"Khatam an-Nabiyyin\" (lit.", "Prophethood (Ahmadiyya) __knowledge__ Seal of Prophets) with reference to Muhammad which is understood by Ahmadis in terms of perfection and testification of prophethood instead of finality (as understood within mainstream Islam).", "Prophethood (Ahmadiyya) __knowledge__ Accordingly, Muhammad is held to be the last prophet to deliver a religious law to humanity in the form of the Quran whose teachings embody a perfected and universal message.", "Prophethood (Ahmadiyya) __knowledge__ Although, in principle, prophets can appear within Islam, their prophethood is dependent upon and reflective of that of Muhammad, that is, \"within\" his Seal; and their role is merely that of reviving and purifying the faith.", "Muhammad in Islam __knowledge__ Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbdul-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim () ( 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE), in short form Muhammad, is considered to be the last Messenger and Prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam.", "Muhammad in Islam __knowledge__ Muslims also believe that the Quran, which is the central religious text of Islam, was revealed to Muhammad by God, and that Muhammad was sent to restore Islam, which they believe to be the unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam, Ibrahim, Musa, 'Isa, and other Prophets.", "Muhammad in Islam __knowledge__ The religious, social, and political tenets that Muhammad established with the Quran became the foundation of Islam and the Muslim world.", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ The Alavi Bohras () are a Taiyebi Musta'alavi Isma'ili Shi'i Muslim community from Gujarat, India.", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ In India, during the time of the 18th Fatimid Imam Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah around 1093 AD in Egypt, the designated learned people (\"wulaat\") who were sent from Yemen by missionaries (\"du'aat\") under the guidance of the Imam established a \"da'wah\" in Khambhat (Gujarat, India).", "Alavi Bohras __knowledge__ After the division of the Mustaalid community, the Yemenite Da'wah followed their 21st Imam, the son of 20th Imam Aamir in the succession of Fatimid Imams of Egypt, at-Taiyeb Abul Qaasim as their Imam of seclusion ستر, and the Bohras are the modern descendants of Taiyebi Da'wah established from Khambhat, Patan and Sidhpur in the 5th century Hijri and also the immigrants from Yemeni Taiyebi Da'wah.", "Ahmadiyya __knowledge__ Ahmadiyya (; officially, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community or the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at; , transliterated: \"al-Jamā'ah al-Islāmiyyah al-Aḥmadiyyah\"; ) is an Islamic religious movement founded in Punjab, British India, near the end of the 19th century.", "Ahmadiyya __knowledge__ It originated with the life and teachings of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), who claimed to have appeared in fulfilment of the prophecies concerning the world's reformer during the end times, who was to bring about, by peaceful means, the final triumph of Islam and herald the eschaton as predicted in Islamic scriptures as well as the traditions of various world religions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bible __knowledge__ The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, \"tà biblía\", \"the books\") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.", "Bible __knowledge__ Many different authors contributed to the Bible.", "Bible __knowledge__ What is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups; a number of Bible canons have evolved, with overlapping and diverging contents.", "Bible __knowledge__ The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh.", "Bible __knowledge__ The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians, believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ, written in first-century Koine Greek.", "Bible __knowledge__ These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives, letters, and apocalyptic writings.", "Bible __knowledge__ Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon, primarily the Apocrypha, a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect.", "Bible __knowledge__ Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups.", "Bible __knowledge__ Roman Catholics, Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition, while Protestant churches focus on the idea of \"sola scriptura\", or scripture alone.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Have a nice day is a commonly spoken expression used to conclude a conversation (whether brief or extensive), or end a message by hoping the person to whom it is addressed experiences a pleasant day.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Since it is often uttered by service employees to customers at the end of a transaction, particularly in Israel and the United States, its repetitious and dutiful usage has resulted in the phrase developing, according to some journalists and scholars, especially outside of these two countries, a cultural connotation of impersonality, lack of interest, passive–aggressive behavior, or sarcasm.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ The phrase is generally not used in Europe, as some find it artificial or even offensive.", "End time __knowledge__ The end time (also called end times, end of time, end of days, last days, final days, or eschaton) is a future time-period described variously in the eschatologies of several world religions (both Abrahamic and non-Abrahamic), which believe that world events will achieve a final climax.", "End time __knowledge__ The Abrahamic faiths maintain a linear cosmology, with end-time scenarios containing themes of transformation and redemption.", "End time __knowledge__ In Judaism, the term \"end of days\" makes reference to the Messianic Age and includes an in-gathering of the exiled Jewish diaspora, the coming of the Messiah, the resurrection of the righteous, and the world to come.", "The Book of Mormon (musical) __knowledge__ The Book of Mormon is a musical comedy about two young Mormon missionaries who travel to Africa to preach the Mormon religion.", "The Book of Mormon (musical) __knowledge__ First staged in 2011, the play satirizes various Mormon beliefs and practices.", "The Book of Mormon (musical) __knowledge__ The script, lyrics, and music were written by Trey Parker, Robert Lopez, and Matt Stone.", "The Book of Mormon (musical) __knowledge__ Parker and Stone were best known for creating the animated comedy \"South Park;\" Lopez had co-written the music for the musical \"Avenue Q.\"", "The Book of Mormon (musical) __knowledge__ \"The Book of Mormon\" follows two Mormon missionaries as they attempt to share their scriptures with the inhabitants of a remote Ugandan village.", "The Book of Mormon (musical) __knowledge__ The earnest young men are challenged by the lack of interest of the locals, who are preoccupied with more pressing troubles such as AIDS, famine, and oppression from the local warlord.", "Nicolaus Copernicus __knowledge__ Nicolaus Copernicus (; ; ; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance- and Reformation-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, likely independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.", "Nicolaus Copernicus __knowledge__ The publication of Copernicus' model in his book \"De revolutionibus orbium coelestium\" (\"On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres\"), just before his death in 1543, was a major event in the history of science, triggering the Copernican Revolution and making an important contribution to the Scientific Revolution.", "Nūr (Islam) __knowledge__ Nūr () may refer to the \"Light of God\" or the \"Muhammadan Light\" in Islam.", "Nūr (Islam) __knowledge__ The word \"nūr'\" means \"light\" in Arabic and has been passed on to many other languages.", "Nūr (Islam) __knowledge__ It is often used in the Quran, notably in a verse that states \"God is the light of the heavens and the earth\", which has been the subject of much discussion.", "Nūr (Islam) __knowledge__ Many classical commentators on the Quran considered that this should be taken metaphorically, as in the sense that God illuminates the world with understanding, rather than literally.", "Nūr (Islam) __knowledge__ The Andalusian scholar Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi categorized \"nūr\" into different levels of understanding from the most profound to the most mundane.", "Bal'arab bin Himyar __knowledge__ Bal'arab bin Himyar (died 1749) was one of the rival Imams during the civil wars in Oman in the final years of the Yaruba dynasty.", "Bal'arab bin Himyar __knowledge__ He was elected Imam in 1728, holding power in the interior of Oman while his cousin, Saif bin Sultan II, held power on the coast.", "Bal'arab bin Himyar __knowledge__ In 1737 he renounced his claim after being defeated by Saif's Persian allies.", "Bal'arab bin Himyar __knowledge__ He was again elected Imam in 1743 during another Persian invasion, and again held power in the interior while Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi was recognized as ruler by the coastal people.", "Bal'arab bin Himyar __knowledge__ He died in battle against Ahmad bin Said in 1749.", "Bal'arab bin Himyar __knowledge__ Ahmad became the undisputed ruler of the country.", "Metaphor in philosophy __knowledge__ Metaphor, the description of one thing as something else, has become of interest in recent decades to both analytic philosophy and continental philosophy, but for different reasons.", "Metaphor in philosophy __knowledge__ In the Anglo-American tradition of analytic philosophy, in particular, the philosophy of language, metaphor has attracted interest because it does not conform to accepted truth-conditional semantics, the conditions which determine whether or not a statement is true.", "Metaphor in philosophy __knowledge__ Taken literally, the statement 'Juliet is the sun' (from \"Romeo and Juliet\") is false, if not nonsensical, yet, taken metaphorically, it is meaningful and may be true, but in a sense which is far from clear.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Christian theology is the theology of Christian belief and practice.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Such study concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis and argument.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Theologians may undertake Christian theology in order: or for a variety of other reasons.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Systematic theology as a discipline of Christian theology formulates an orderly, rational and coherent account of Christian faith and beliefs.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Systematic theology draws on the foundational sacred texts of Christianity, while simultaneously investigating the development of Christian doctrine over the course of history, particularly through philosophical evolution.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Lutheranism __knowledge__ Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestant Christianity which identifies with the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546), a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer and theologian.", "Lutheranism __knowledge__ Luther's efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched the Protestant Reformation in the German-speaking territories of the Holy Roman Empire.", "Lutheranism __knowledge__ Beginning with the Ninety-Five Theses, first published in 1517, Luther's writings were disseminated internationally, spreading the early ideas of the Reformation beyond the influence and control of the Roman Curia and the Holy Roman Emperor.", "Lutheranism __knowledge__ The split between the Lutherans and the Catholics was made public and clear with the 1521 Edict of Worms: the edicts of the Diet condemned Luther and officially banned citizens of the Holy Roman Empire from defending or propagating his ideas, subjecting advocates of Lutheranism to forfeiture of all property, half of the seized property to be forfeit to the imperial government and the remaining half forfeit to the party who brought the accusation.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity is a Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as the Christ, or \"Messiah\", who is the focal point of the Christian faiths.", "Christianity __knowledge__ It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christians make up a majority of the population in 158 countries and territories.", "Christianity __knowledge__ They believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah (the Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization.", "Sidney Psalms __knowledge__ The Sidney Psalms or Sidneian Psalms was a 16th-century translation into English of the Psalms.", "Sidney Psalms __knowledge__ It was the work of Philip and Mary Sidney, aristocratic siblings who were very influential Elizabethan poets.", "Sidney Psalms __knowledge__ Mary Sidney completed the book and gave a copy to Queen Elizabeth I of England in 1599.", "Sidney Psalms __knowledge__ They were celebrated in the work of John Donne.", "Sidney Psalms __knowledge__ Psalm one is the first Psalm in the Sidney Psalter, written by brother and sister, Phillip and Mary Sidney in the 16th.", "Sidney Psalms __knowledge__ Psalm One, as discussed here, was written by Phillip Sidney in the late 1500s.", "Sidney Psalms __knowledge__ It is a poetic adaption of psalm one from the biblical book of psalms.", "Creationism __knowledge__ Creationism is the religious belief that the universe and life originated \"from specific acts of divine creation\", as opposed to the scientific conclusion that they came about through natural processes.", "Creationism __knowledge__ The first use of the term \"creationist\" to describe a proponent of creationism is found in an 1856 letter of Charles Darwin describing those who objected on religious grounds to the then emerging science of evolution.", "Creationism __knowledge__ Creationism covers a spectrum of views including \"evolutionary creationism\", a theological variant of theistic evolution which asserts that both evolutionary science and a belief in creation are true, but the term is commonly used for literal creationists who reject various aspects of science, and instead promote pseudoscientific beliefs." ] ]

[ 5, 25, 8, 9 ]

[ "It's certainly an important book for a lot of people. The Old Testament for the Christians, and the New Testament believed to be writings of mostly Jewish disciples. Do you have a favorite part?", "Ah yes, that is part of the Books of the Prophets I believe, is there a verse there that you particularly enjoy?", "Very poetic and romantic for sure. What I find interesting is how different branches of Christianity disagree about the concents of the Bible. Do you think it should be taken literally or metaphorically?", "I feel similarly. I believe that's also the view adopted by Roman Catholics and Anglicans, who focus on the harmony and tradition, while Protestants focus on the scripture alone." ]

[ "Bible", "Bible", "Bible", "Bible" ]

[ "Barbados", "Nope, I don't even know where Barbados is", "No, but it sounds pretty. Is it warm there?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Barbados __knowledge__ Barbados ( or ) is an island country in the Lesser Antilles, in the Caribbean region of North America.", "Barbados __knowledge__ It is in length and up to in width, covering an area of .", "Barbados __knowledge__ It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and north-east of Trinidad and Tobago.", "Barbados __knowledge__ Barbados is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt.", "Barbados __knowledge__ Its capital and largest city is Bridgetown.", "Barbados __knowledge__ Inhabited by Kalinago people since the 13th century, and prior to that by other Amerindians, Barbados was visited by Spanish navigators in the late 15th century and claimed for the Spanish Crown.", "Barbados __knowledge__ It first appeared in a Spanish map in 1511.", "Barbados __knowledge__ The Portuguese visited the island in 1536, but they left it unclaimed, with their only remnants being an introduction of wild hogs for a good supply of meat whenever the island was visited.", "Barbados __knowledge__ An English ship, the \"Olive Blossom\", arrived in Barbados in 1625; its men took possession of it in the name of King James I.", "Barbados __knowledge__ In 1627, the first permanent settlers arrived from England, and it became an English and later British colony.", "Barbados __knowledge__ As a wealthy sugar colony, it became an English centre of the African slave trade until that trade was outlawed in 1807, with final emancipation of slaves in Barbados occurring over a period of years from 1833." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Barbados __knowledge__ Barbados ( or ) is an island country in the Lesser Antilles, in the Caribbean region of North America.", "Barbados __knowledge__ It is in length and up to in width, covering an area of .", "Barbados __knowledge__ It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and north-east of Trinidad and Tobago.", "Barbados __knowledge__ Barbados is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt.", "Barbados __knowledge__ Its capital and largest city is Bridgetown.", "Barbados __knowledge__ Inhabited by Kalinago people since the 13th century, and prior to that by other Amerindians, Barbados was visited by Spanish navigators in the late 15th century and claimed for the Spanish Crown.", "Barbados __knowledge__ It first appeared in a Spanish map in 1511.", "Barbados __knowledge__ The Portuguese visited the island in 1536, but they left it unclaimed, with their only remnants being an introduction of wild hogs for a good supply of meat whenever the island was visited.", "Barbados __knowledge__ An English ship, the \"Olive Blossom\", arrived in Barbados in 1625; its men took possession of it in the name of King James I.", "Barbados __knowledge__ In 1627, the first permanent settlers arrived from England, and it became an English and later British colony.", "Barbados __knowledge__ As a wealthy sugar colony, it became an English centre of the African slave trade until that trade was outlawed in 1807, with final emancipation of slaves in Barbados occurring over a period of years from 1833.", "History of Barbados __knowledge__ Barbados was inhabited by Arawaks and Caribs at the time of European colonization of the Americas in the 16th century.", "History of Barbados __knowledge__ The island was an English and later British colony from 1625 until 1966.", "History of Barbados __knowledge__ Since 1966, it has been a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, modelled on the Westminster system, with Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados, as head of state.", "History of Barbados __knowledge__ Some evidence suggests that Barbados may have been settled in the second millennium BC, but this is limited to fragments of conch lip adzes found in association with shells that have been radiocarbon-dated to about 1630 BC.", "History of Barbados __knowledge__ Fully documented Amerindian settlement dates to between about 350 and 650 AD.", "Economy of Barbados __knowledge__ Since achieving independence in 1966, the island nation of Barbados has transformed itself from a High-income economy dependent upon \"sugar\" production, into an upper-middle-income economy based on tourism and the offshore sector.", "Economy of Barbados __knowledge__ Barbados went into a deep recession in the 1990s after 3 years of steady decline brought on by fundamental macroeconomic imbalances.", "Economy of Barbados __knowledge__ After a painful re-adjustment process, the economy began to grow again in 1993.", "Economy of Barbados __knowledge__ Growth rates have averaged between 3%–5% since then.", "Economy of Barbados __knowledge__ The country's three main economic drivers are: tourism, the international business sector, and foreign direct-investment.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ The \"Tiny Toon Adventures\" animated television series features an extensive cast of characters.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ The show's central characters are mostly various forms of anthropomorphic animals, based on Looney Tunes characters from earlier films and shows.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ In the series, the characters attend a school called Acme Looniversity, set in the cartoon community of Acme Acres.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ Buster Bunny (initially voiced by Charlie Adler and later by John Kassir) is a main character of the show along with Babs Bunny.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ Buster is a young, blue-and-white male rabbit with a red shirt and white gloves.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ Bugs Bunny is his mentor.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ In the last episode, \"It's a Wonderful Tiny Toon Christmas Special\", Babs states that Buster is indeed her boyfriend.", "Barbados–Canada relations __knowledge__ Barbados–Canada relations refer to the bilateral relations between Canada and Barbados.", "Barbados–Canada relations __knowledge__ In 1907, the Government of Canada opened a Trade Commissioner Service to the Caribbean region located in Bridgetown, Barbados.", "Barbados–Canada relations __knowledge__ Following Barbadian independence from the United Kingdom in November 1966, the Canadian High Commission was established in Bridgetown, Barbados on 27 September 1973.", "Barbados–Canada relations __knowledge__ There is a High Commission of Barbados in Ottawa and a Barbadian Consulate in Toronto.", "Barbados–Canada relations __knowledge__ The relationship between both nations today partly falls under the larger gambit of Canada–Caribbean relations.", "Barbados–Canada relations __knowledge__ As of 2014 it is estimated that as much as 8% of Canadian foreign investments in Barbados.", "2005–06 West Indian cricket season __knowledge__ The 2005–06 West Indian cricket season includes all domestic cricket matches played by senior teams with first class status in the West Indies between October 2005 and March 2006, and also the international feats of the West Indies team, who is not scheduled to play any home games during this period but are to play home matches during April, May and June 2006.", "2005–06 West Indian cricket season __knowledge__ The season began on 2005-10-03 with the first matches of the one-day KFC Cup, and is scheduled to last until 2006-03-19 when England A depart after their tour which will include one-day and first class matches against the West Indies A team.", "Monarchy of Barbados __knowledge__ The Monarchy of Barbados is the core of the country's Westminster style parliamentary democracy, being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the government.", "Monarchy of Barbados __knowledge__ The current Barbadian monarch, since 6 February 1952, is Queen Elizabeth II.", "Monarchy of Barbados __knowledge__ As the sovereign, she is the personal embodiment of the Barbadian Crown.", "Monarchy of Barbados __knowledge__ Although the person of the sovereign is equally shared with 15 other independent countries within the Commonwealth of Nations, each country's monarchy is separate and legally distinct.", "Monarchy of Barbados __knowledge__ As a result, the current monarch is officially titled \"Queen of Barbados\" and, in this capacity, she, her husband, and other members of the Royal Family undertake public and private functions domestically and abroad as representatives of the Barbadian state.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Assassin's Creed characters __knowledge__ This list of characters from the \"Assassin's Creed\" franchise contains only characters that are considered part of \"Assassin's Creed\" canon.", "List of Assassin's Creed characters __knowledge__ Some of them are completely fictional and some are partially based on real-world historical figures.", "List of Assassin's Creed characters __knowledge__ Desmond Miles (March 13, 1987–December 21, 2012), a member of the Assassin Order in the 21st century and a descendant of numerous familial lines that had sworn an allegiance to the Assassins; including individuals such as Aquilus, Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad, Ezio Auditore de Firenze, Edward Kenway and Connor/Ratonhnhaké:ton.", "List of Assassin's Creed characters __knowledge__ He ended his own life for the sake of the planet in 2012.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "List of recurring Futurama characters __knowledge__ \"Futurama\" is an American animated science fiction sitcom created by Matt Groening and developed by Groening and David X. Cohen for the Fox Broadcasting Company.", "List of recurring Futurama characters __knowledge__ The series follows the adventures of a late-20th-century New York City pizza delivery boy, Philip J. Fry, who, after being unwittingly cryogenically frozen for one thousand years, finds employment at Planet Express, an interplanetary delivery company in the retro-futuristic 31st century.", "List of recurring Futurama characters __knowledge__ \"Futurama\" has eight main cast members and many other incidental characters.", "List of recurring Futurama characters __knowledge__ For an overview of the show's main characters, see the list of \"Futurama\" characters.", "Conquistador __knowledge__ Conquistadors (from Portuguese or Spanish \"conquistadores\" \"conquerors\"; , , ) is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense.", "Conquistador __knowledge__ During the Age of Discovery, conquistadors sailed beyond Europe to the Americas, Oceania, Africa and Asia, conquering territory and opening trade routes.", "Conquistador __knowledge__ They colonized much of the world for Spain and Portugal in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries.", "Conquistador __knowledge__ Portugal established a route to China in the early 16th century, sending ships via the southern coast of Africa and founding numerous coastal enclaves along the route." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Barbados __knowledge__ Barbados ( or ) is an island country in the Lesser Antilles, in the Caribbean region of North America.", "Barbados __knowledge__ It is in length and up to in width, covering an area of .", "Barbados __knowledge__ It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and north-east of Trinidad and Tobago.", "Barbados __knowledge__ Barbados is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt.", "Barbados __knowledge__ Its capital and largest city is Bridgetown.", "Barbados __knowledge__ Inhabited by Kalinago people since the 13th century, and prior to that by other Amerindians, Barbados was visited by Spanish navigators in the late 15th century and claimed for the Spanish Crown.", "Barbados __knowledge__ It first appeared in a Spanish map in 1511.", "Barbados __knowledge__ The Portuguese visited the island in 1536, but they left it unclaimed, with their only remnants being an introduction of wild hogs for a good supply of meat whenever the island was visited.", "Barbados __knowledge__ An English ship, the \"Olive Blossom\", arrived in Barbados in 1625; its men took possession of it in the name of King James I.", "Barbados __knowledge__ In 1627, the first permanent settlers arrived from England, and it became an English and later British colony.", "Barbados __knowledge__ As a wealthy sugar colony, it became an English centre of the African slave trade until that trade was outlawed in 1807, with final emancipation of slaves in Barbados occurring over a period of years from 1833.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Perfect Stranger (Cheap Trick song) __knowledge__ \"Perfect Stranger\" is a single by American rock band Cheap Trick, released as the lead single from their critically acclaimed 2006 album \"Rockford\".", "Perfect Stranger (Cheap Trick song) __knowledge__ It was the band's first single in three years.", "Perfect Stranger (Cheap Trick song) __knowledge__ Released as the leading single from \"Rockford\", the promotional single aimed for radio station play only.", "Perfect Stranger (Cheap Trick song) __knowledge__ The song impacted radio on April 3, 2006, although many stations had already begun playing the record, well in advance of the official impact date.", "Perfect Stranger (Cheap Trick song) __knowledge__ The single saw plenty of attention and was a radio hit in America.", "Perfect Stranger (Cheap Trick song) __knowledge__ The song was written by all four members of the band with American musician, songwriter and producer Linda Perry.", "Radar (song) __knowledge__ \"Radar\" is a song recorded by American singer Britney Spears for her fifth studio album, \"Blackout\" (2007).", "Radar (song) __knowledge__ It was written and produced by Bloodshy & Avant and The Clutch, with additional writing from Henrik Jonback, as a record that did not relate to any of her personal problems at the time.", "Radar (song) __knowledge__ The recording sessions took place the day after Spears filed for divorce from Kevin Federline, and members of The Clutch claimed to be surprised by her work ethic.", "Radar (song) __knowledge__ \"Radar\" was originally planned to be released as the third single from \"Blackout\", but \"Break the Ice\" was chosen instead.", "Radar (song) __knowledge__ The song was then planned as the fourth single, but the release was cancelled as Spears began recording her sixth studio album, \"Circus\" (2008).", "The Romance of Helen Trent (album) __knowledge__ The Romance of Helen Trent is the only studio album from the metalcore band The Killing Tree.", "The Romance of Helen Trent (album) __knowledge__ It was first released on One Day Savior records on June 22, 2002.", "The Romance of Helen Trent (album) __knowledge__ Recorded by Matt Allison at Atlas Studios, Chicago, Illinois.", "The Romance of Helen Trent (album) __knowledge__ Since a contract was not signed between the record company and the band, it is unknown who legally possesses the copyrights of \"The Romance of Helen Trent\"; which is the main reason behind the album's lack of a reissue.", "The Romance of Helen Trent (album) __knowledge__ Multiple songs on the album feature intros consisting of a woman speaking about recent things she has been through.", "The Romance of Helen Trent (album) __knowledge__ The samples are from an audio diary found in a garbage bag of a girl known only as \"Helena Marie\".", "The Doctor (Cheap Trick album) __knowledge__ The Doctor is the ninth studio album by Cheap Trick, released in 1986.", "The Doctor (Cheap Trick album) __knowledge__ It was produced by Tony Platt and reached No.", "The Doctor (Cheap Trick album) __knowledge__ 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200 Chart.", "The Doctor (Cheap Trick album) __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 1980s, Cheap Trick saw increasing pressure from their label, Epic Records, to produce material that was more commercial.", "The Doctor (Cheap Trick album) __knowledge__ In 1985, the band successfully gained a commercial comeback with the Top 40 album \"Standing on the Edge\".", "The Doctor (Cheap Trick album) __knowledge__ For that album, the band had planned on returning to the rough sound of their 1977 debut, but producer Jack Douglas backed out of mixing process due to the legal issues he was having with Yoko Ono.", "Kid Icarus __knowledge__ Kid Icarus, known in Japan as Light Mythology: Palutena's Mirror, is an action platform video game for the Family Computer Disk System in Japan and the Nintendo Entertainment System in Europe and North America.", "Kid Icarus __knowledge__ The first entry in Nintendo's \"Kid Icarus\" series, it was published in Japan in December 1986, and in Europe and North America in February and July 1987, respectively.", "Kid Icarus __knowledge__ It was later re-released for the Game Boy Advance in Japan during 2004, and for the Wii's Virtual Console online service in 2007.", "Kid Icarus __knowledge__ A to this game was released for the Game Boy in 1991, and a to the series was published for the Nintendo 3DS handheld console in March 2012.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ The Penghu National Scenic Area is one of the National Scenic Areas of the Republic of China (Taiwan), and covers most, but not all of the islands and islets that form Penghu County.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ These islands have a total of 320 kilometers of shoreline.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ A National Scenic Area is not a National Park.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ National Scenic Areas fall within the control of the Tourism Bureau of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications of the Republic of China, while national parks fall within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of China.", "Penghu National Scenic Area __knowledge__ The philosophies that govern the development of the two types of areas differ.", "Caribbean __knowledge__ The Caribbean ( or , local most common pronunciation ) is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.", "Caribbean __knowledge__ The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America.", "Caribbean __knowledge__ Situated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region comprises more than 700 islands, islets, reefs and cays.", "Caribbean __knowledge__ (See the list.)", "Caribbean __knowledge__ These islands generally form island arcs that delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea.", "Caribbean Sea __knowledge__ The Caribbean Sea (; ) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere.", "Caribbean Sea __knowledge__ It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and south west, to the north by the Greater Antilles starting with Cuba, to the east by the Lesser Antilles, and to the south by the north coast of South America.", "Caribbean Sea __knowledge__ The entire area of the Caribbean Sea, the numerous islands of the West Indies, and adjacent coasts, are collectively known as the Caribbean.", "Caribbean Sea __knowledge__ The Caribbean Sea is one of the largest seas and has an area of about .", "Caribbean Sea __knowledge__ The sea's deepest point is the Cayman Trough, between the Cayman Islands and Jamaica, at below sea level.", "Music of the Lesser Antilles __knowledge__ The music of the Lesser Antilles encompasses the music of this chain of small islands making up the eastern and southern portion of the West Indies.", "Music of the Lesser Antilles __knowledge__ Lesser Antillean music is part of the broader category of Caribbean music; much of the folk and popular music is also a part of the Afro-American musical complex, being a mixture of African, European and indigenous American elements.", "Music of the Lesser Antilles __knowledge__ The Lesser Antilles' musical cultures are largely based on the music of African slaves brought by European traders and colonizers.", "Music of the Lesser Antilles __knowledge__ The African musical elements are a hybrid of instruments and styles from numerous West African tribes, while the European slaveholders added their own musics into the mix, as did immigrants from India.", "List of rodents of the Caribbean __knowledge__ The Caribbean region is home to a diverse and largely endemic rodent fauna.", "List of rodents of the Caribbean __knowledge__ This includes the endemic family Capromyidae (hutias), which are largely limited to the Greater Antilles, and two other groups of endemic hystricognaths, the heteropsomyines and giant hutias, including the extinct bear-sized \"Amblyrhiza inundata\".", "List of rodents of the Caribbean __knowledge__ Lesser Antillean rodent faunas mostly consist of oryzomyines, members of a distantly related group of rodents, and include two of the largest known oryzomyines, \"Megalomys desmarestii\" and \"\"Oryzomys hypenemus\"\".", "List of rodents of the Caribbean __knowledge__ Various other rodents are limited to land-bridge islands such as Trinidad, which were connected to the mainland during glacial-period lowered sea levels in the Pleistocene, or to smaller portions of the Caribbean archipelago.", "Hurricane Dean __knowledge__ Hurricane Dean was the strongest tropical cyclone of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season.", "Hurricane Dean __knowledge__ It was the most intense North Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Wilma of 2005, tying for seventh overall.", "Hurricane Dean __knowledge__ Additionally, it made the third most intense Atlantic hurricane landfall.", "Hurricane Dean __knowledge__ A Cape Verde-type hurricane that formed on August 13, 2007, Dean took a west-northwest path from the eastern Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lucia Channel and into the Caribbean.", "Hurricane Dean __knowledge__ It strengthened into a major hurricane, reaching Category 5 status on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale before passing just south of Jamaica on August 20.", "Îles des Saintes __knowledge__ The Îles des Saintes (\"Islands of the Saints\"), also known as Les Saintes, is a small archipelago of the French Antilles located to the south of Basse-Terre Island, west of Marie-Galante and north of Dominica.", "Îles des Saintes __knowledge__ It is a dependency of Guadeloupe, which, in turn, is an overseas department and \"region\" of France.", "Îles des Saintes __knowledge__ \"Les Saintes\" is a volcanic archipelago fully encircled by shallow reefs.", "Îles des Saintes __knowledge__ It arose from the recent volcanic belt of the Lesser Antilles from the Pliocene Epoch.", "Îles des Saintes __knowledge__ It is composed of rocks appeared on the Tertiary age between (4.7 to 2 million years ago).", "Îles des Saintes __knowledge__ By origin, it was a unique island that the tectonic and volcanic earthquakes separate to create an archipelago due to the subduction zone between the South American plate, the North American plate and the Caribbean plate." ] ]

[ 7, 1, 4 ]

[ "My mom taught me that Barbados first appeared on the Spanish map in 1511, did yours teach you that?", "Oh, I'm sorry. It is an Island country in the Lesser Antilles. You know... in the Caribbean region of North America, So you haven't been?", "I haven't been in years but I believe so, it is outside the principle Atlantic hurricane belt. Those were rough the last year I went" ]

[ "Barbados", "Barbados", "Barbados" ]

[ "Alaska", "I've never been. I'm not too fond of cold weather, but I do love seeing nature .", "I think you can see Russia from there also." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alaska __knowledge__ Alaska () is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.", "Alaska __knowledge__ The Canadian administrative divisions of British Columbia and Yukon border the state to the east, its most extreme western part is Attu Island, and it has a maritime border with Russia to the west across the Bering Strait.", "Alaska __knowledge__ To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas–the southern parts of the Arctic Ocean.", "Alaska __knowledge__ The Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest.", "Alaska __knowledge__ It is the largest state in the United States by area and the seventh largest subnational division in the world.", "Alaska __knowledge__ In addition, it is the 3rd least populous and the most sparsely populated of the 50 United States; nevertheless, it is by far the most populous territory located mostly north of the 60th parallel in North America, its population (the total estimated at 738,432 by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2015) more than quadrupling the combined populations of Northern Canada and Greenland.", "Alaska __knowledge__ Approximately half of Alaska's residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area.", "Alaska __knowledge__ Alaska's economy is dominated by the fishing, natural gas, and oil industries, resources which it has in abundance.", "Alaska __knowledge__ Military bases and tourism are also a significant part of the economy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alaska __knowledge__ Alaska () is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.", "Alaska __knowledge__ The Canadian administrative divisions of British Columbia and Yukon border the state to the east, its most extreme western part is Attu Island, and it has a maritime border with Russia to the west across the Bering Strait.", "Alaska __knowledge__ To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas–the southern parts of the Arctic Ocean.", "Alaska __knowledge__ The Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest.", "Alaska __knowledge__ It is the largest state in the United States by area and the seventh largest subnational division in the world.", "Alaska __knowledge__ In addition, it is the 3rd least populous and the most sparsely populated of the 50 United States; nevertheless, it is by far the most populous territory located mostly north of the 60th parallel in North America, its population (the total estimated at 738,432 by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2015) more than quadrupling the combined populations of Northern Canada and Greenland.", "Alaska __knowledge__ Approximately half of Alaska's residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area.", "Alaska __knowledge__ Alaska's economy is dominated by the fishing, natural gas, and oil industries, resources which it has in abundance.", "Alaska __knowledge__ Military bases and tourism are also a significant part of the economy.", "Battle Ground, Washington __knowledge__ Battle Ground is a city in Clark County, Washington, United States.", "Battle Ground, Washington __knowledge__ The population was 17,571 at the 2010 census.", "Battle Ground, Washington __knowledge__ Between 2000 and 2005, Battle Ground ranked fourth in the state for population growth, out of 279 eligible incorperated communities.", "Battle Ground, Washington __knowledge__ Battle Ground got its name from a standoff between a group of the Klickitat peoples and a military force from the Vancouver Barracks, which had recently transitioned to a U.S. Army post.", "Battle Ground, Washington __knowledge__ In 1855, when this occurred, the Klickitat peoples had been imprisoned at the Vancouver Barracks.", "Battle Ground, Washington __knowledge__ The hostile conditions of their detainment inspired some of the Klickitats to decamp.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ The global storm activity of 2010 includes major meteorological events in the Earth's atmosphere during the year, including winter storms (blizzards, ice storms, European windstorms), hailstorms, out of season monsoon rain storms, extratropical cyclones, gales, microbursts, flooding, rainstorms, tropical cyclones, and other severe weather events.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ The thunderstorm season for the Northern Hemisphere began near spring, beginning on March 1, and ending on August 31.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ Fresh overnight snowfall on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day caused disruption in north east England, with roads across Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and Teesside affected.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the characters from the animated children's series \"Iggy Arbuckle\".", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ It consists of main, secondary, minor, and one-off characters.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ Iggy Arbuckle, voiced by Jonathan Wilson, is the title character of the animated children's series \"Iggy Arbuckle\", and the show's main protagonist.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ He is a white pig with large, aquamarine eyes, who wears a green forest ranger's uniform and a hat which has a ranger's badge on it.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ He is the keeper of the Kookamunga.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ He has vast knowledge of the wilderness, and is in charge of making sure everything goes in proper order.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ However, in \"A Whale of a Tale\", Sir Percy Nibblemore reveals that Iggy only has authority over what goes on on dry land.", "Romantic medicine __knowledge__ Romantic medicine is part of the broader movement known as Romanticism, most predominant in the period 1800–1840, and involved both the cultural (humanities) and natural sciences, not to mention efforts to better understand man within a spiritual context ('spiritual science').", "Romantic medicine __knowledge__ Romanticism in medicine was an integral part of Romanticism in science.", "Romantic medicine __knowledge__ The impetus for Romantic ideas in medicine came from the Great Britain, and more specifically Scotland - John Hunter (1728–93) - and the idea of life as a principle not reducible to material constructs, and John Brown (1735–88), founder of the Brunonian system of medicine (\"see also\", Romanticism in Scotland#Science).", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ The winter of 2009–2010 in Europe was unusually cold.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ Globally, unusual weather patterns brought cold, moist air from the north.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ Weather systems were undergoing cyclogenesis from North American storms moving across the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and saw many parts of Europe experiencing heavy snowfall and record-low temperatures.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ This led to a number of deaths, widespread transport disruption, power failures and postponed sporting events.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ The cold weather was caused by high pressure over Greenland and Iceland forcing weather patterns southward, a phenomenon described by meteorologists as the Arctic Oscillation and also the North Atlantic Oscillation which were negative compared to normal.", "Global storm activity of 2009 __knowledge__ Global storm activity of 2009 profiles the major worldwide storms, including blizzards, ice storms, and other winter events, from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009.", "Global storm activity of 2009 __knowledge__ Wintery storms are events in which the dominant varieties of precipitation are forms that only occur at cold temperatures, such as snow or sleet, or a rainstorm where ground temperatures are cold enough to allow ice to form (i.e.", "Global storm activity of 2009 __knowledge__ freezing rain).", "Global storm activity of 2009 __knowledge__ It may be marked by strong wind, thunder and lightning (a thunderstorm), heavy precipitation, such as ice (ice storm), or wind transporting some substance through the atmosphere (as in a dust storm, snowstorm, hailstorm, etc.).", "2013 extreme weather events __knowledge__ The 2013 extreme weather events included several all-time temperature records in Northern and Southern Hemisphere.", "2013 extreme weather events __knowledge__ The February extent of snow cover in Eurasia and North America was above average, while the extent of Arctic ice in the same month was 4,5% below the 1981–2010 average.", "2013 extreme weather events __knowledge__ The Northern Hemisphere weather extremes have been linked to the melting of Arctic sea ice, which alters atmospheric circulation in a way that leads to more snow and ice.", "2013 extreme weather events __knowledge__ By January 11, 233 weather-related deaths were reported in India.", "2013 extreme weather events __knowledge__ Elsewhere, particularly in Russia, the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom, low temperatures affected wildlife, delaying bird breeding and disrupting the bird migration.", "Maritime fur trade __knowledge__ The maritime fur trade was a ship-based fur trade system that focused on acquiring furs of sea otters and other animals from the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast and natives of Alaska.", "Maritime fur trade __knowledge__ The furs were mostly sold in China in exchange for tea, silks, porcelain, and other Chinese goods, which were then sold in Europe and the United States.", "Maritime fur trade __knowledge__ The maritime fur trade was pioneered by Russians, working east from Kamchatka along the Aleutian Islands to the southern coast of Alaska.", "Maritime fur trade __knowledge__ British and Americans entered during the 1780s, focusing on what is now the coast of British Columbia.", "Maritime fur trade __knowledge__ The trade boomed around the beginning of the 19th century.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "History of Alaska __knowledge__ The history of Alaska dates back to the Upper Paleolithic period (around 14,000 BC), when wanderer groups crossed the Bering land bridge into what is now western Alaska.", "History of Alaska __knowledge__ At the time of European contact by the Russian explorers, the area was populated by Alaska Native groups.", "History of Alaska __knowledge__ The name \"Alaska\" derives from the Aleut word \"Alaxsxaq\" (also spelled \"Alyeska\"), meaning \"mainland\" (literally, \"the object toward which the action of the sea is directed\").", "History of Alaska __knowledge__ In the 1890s, gold rushes in Alaska and the nearby Yukon Territory brought thousands of miners and settlers to Alaska.", "History of Alaska __knowledge__ Alaska was granted territorial status in 1912 by the United States of America.", "Pacific Northwest __knowledge__ The Pacific Northwest (PNW), sometimes referred to as Cascadia, is a geographic region in western North America bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and (loosely) by the Cascade Mountain Range on the east.", "Pacific Northwest __knowledge__ Though no agreed boundary exists, a common conception includes the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington and the Canadian province of British Columbia.", "Pacific Northwest __knowledge__ Broader conceptions reach north into Southeast Alaska and Yukon, south into northern California and east to the Continental Divide, thus including Idaho, Western Montana, and western Wyoming.", "Pacific Northwest __knowledge__ Narrower conceptions may be limited to the northwestern US or to the coastal areas west of the Cascade and Coast mountains.", "History of the west coast of North America __knowledge__ The human history of the west coast of North America is believed to stretch back to the arrival of the earliest people over the Bering Strait, or alternately along a now-submerged coastal plain, through the development of significant pre-Columbian cultures and population densities, to the arrival of the European explorers and colonizers.", "History of the west coast of North America __knowledge__ The west coast of North America today is home to some of the largest and most important companies in the world, as well as being a center of world culture.", "History of the west coast of North America __knowledge__ As used in this article, the term \"west coast of North America\" means a contiguous region of that continent bordering the Pacific Ocean: all or parts of the U.S. states of Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and California; all or parts of British Columbia and the Yukon in Canada; all or part of the Mexican states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima, Michoacán, Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas; and the \"Central American\" countries of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama.", "Alaska Airlines __knowledge__ Alaska Airlines is an American airline headquartered in the Seattle metropolitan area of the state of Washington.", "Alaska Airlines __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1932 as McGee Airways, offering flights from Anchorage, Alaska.", "Alaska Airlines __knowledge__ Alaska Airlines has flights to more than one hundred destinations in the contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba and Mexico.", "Alaska Airlines __knowledge__ The airline is a major air carrier and, along with its sister airlines Horizon Air and Virgin America, is part of the Alaska Air Group.", "Alaska Airlines __knowledge__ The airline has been ranked by J. D. Power and Associates as having the highest customer satisfaction of the traditional airlines for ten consecutive years." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alaska __knowledge__ Alaska () is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.", "Alaska __knowledge__ The Canadian administrative divisions of British Columbia and Yukon border the state to the east, its most extreme western part is Attu Island, and it has a maritime border with Russia to the west across the Bering Strait.", "Alaska __knowledge__ To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas–the southern parts of the Arctic Ocean.", "Alaska __knowledge__ The Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest.", "Alaska __knowledge__ It is the largest state in the United States by area and the seventh largest subnational division in the world.", "Alaska __knowledge__ In addition, it is the 3rd least populous and the most sparsely populated of the 50 United States; nevertheless, it is by far the most populous territory located mostly north of the 60th parallel in North America, its population (the total estimated at 738,432 by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2015) more than quadrupling the combined populations of Northern Canada and Greenland.", "Alaska __knowledge__ Approximately half of Alaska's residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area.", "Alaska __knowledge__ Alaska's economy is dominated by the fishing, natural gas, and oil industries, resources which it has in abundance.", "Alaska __knowledge__ Military bases and tourism are also a significant part of the economy.", "List of Baedeker Guides __knowledge__ Baedeker Guides are travel guide books published by the Karl Baedeker firm of Germany beginning in the 1830s.", "List of Baedeker Guides __knowledge__ No English Baedekers published.", "List of Baedeker Guides __knowledge__ The first post-World War II old-style Baedekers in English were published in the 1950s by Karl Baedeker Verlag, Hamburg, after the firm was revived in 1948.", "List of Baedeker Guides __knowledge__ \"With a few exceptions, classic Baedekers were published in German, English and French.", "List of Baedeker Guides __knowledge__ These lists enlist the English Baedekers only.", "List of Baedeker Guides __knowledge__ Where geographical areas were not covered in English editions this is indicated.\"", "List of Baedeker Guides __knowledge__ See Mediterranean See Austria See India (\"Indien\").", "List of Baedeker Guides __knowledge__ See India (\"Indien\").", "List of Baedeker Guides __knowledge__ See Russia for Peking.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Russia–United States relations __knowledge__ Russia–United States relations is the bilateral relationship between the United States of America and the Russian Federation, the successor state to the Soviet Union.", "Russia–United States relations __knowledge__ The United States and Russia maintain diplomatic and trade relations.", "Russia–United States relations __knowledge__ The relationship was generally warm under the Russian President Boris Yeltsin (1991–1999) until the NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the spring of 1999, and has since deteriorated significantly.", "Russia–United States relations __knowledge__ In 2014, relations greatly strained due to the crisis in Ukraine, Russia's annexation of Crimea, in 2015 over differences regarding Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War, and from the end of 2016 over Russia's alleged interference in the 2016 U.S. elections.", "Anti-Russian sentiment __knowledge__ Anti-Russian sentiment or Russophobia is a diverse spectrum of negative feelings, dislikes, fears, aversion, derision and/or prejudice of Russia, Russians or Russian culture.", "Anti-Russian sentiment __knowledge__ A wide variety of mass culture clichés about Russia and Russians exists.", "Anti-Russian sentiment __knowledge__ Many of these stereotypes were developed during the Cold War, and were used as elements of political war against the Soviet Union.", "Anti-Russian sentiment __knowledge__ Some of these prejudices are still observed in the discussions of the relations with Russia.", "Anti-Russian sentiment __knowledge__ Negative representation of Russia and Russians in modern popular culture is also often described as functional, as stereotypes about Russia may be used for framing reality, like creating an image of an enemy, or an excuse, or an explanation for compensatory reasons.", "Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Condoleezza Rice served as United States Secretary of State under George W. Bush.", "Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She was preceded by Colin Powell and followed by Hillary Clinton.", "Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ As secretary of state she traveled widely and initiated many diplomatic efforts on behalf of the Bush administration.", "Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ On November 16, 2004, Bush nominated Rice to be Secretary of State.", "Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ On January 26, 2005, the Senate confirmed her nomination by a vote of 85-13.", "Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ The negative votes, the most cast against any nomination for Secretary of State since 1825, came from Senators who, according to Senator Barbara Boxer, wanted \"to hold Dr. Rice and the Bush administration accountable for their failures in Iraq and in the war on terrorism.\"", "French invasion of Russia __knowledge__ The French invasion of Russia, known in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812 ( \"Otechestvennaya Voyna 1812 Goda\") and in France as the Russian Campaign (), began on 24 June 1812 when Napoleon's crossed the Neman River in an attempt to engage and defeat the Russian army.", "French invasion of Russia __knowledge__ Napoleon hoped to compel Tsar Alexander I of Russia to cease trading with British merchants through proxies in an effort to pressure the United Kingdom to sue for peace.", "French invasion of Russia __knowledge__ The official political aim of the campaign was to liberate Poland from the threat of Russia.", "French invasion of Russia __knowledge__ Napoleon named the campaign the Second Polish War to gain favor with the Poles and provide a political pretext for his actions.", "Crimean War __knowledge__ The Crimean War (; ' or ' (\"Eastern War\"); ; ; ) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and Sardinia.", "Crimean War __knowledge__ The immediate cause involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was a part of the Ottoman Empire.", "Crimean War __knowledge__ The French promoted the rights of Roman Catholics, while Russia promoted those of the Eastern Orthodox Church.", "Crimean War __knowledge__ The longer-term causes involved the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the unwillingness of Britain and France to allow Russia to gain territory and power at Ottoman expense.", "1990 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ The 1990 Pacific hurricane season is the fifth-most active season on record and is the third-most active season in terms of ACE Indices.", "1990 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ The season was officially started on May 15 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30.", "1990 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.", "1990 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ However, these bounds were slightly exceeded when Hurricane Alma formed on May 12.", "1990 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ Hurricane Alma became the third earliest tropical cyclone in the Eastern Pacific basin since the satellite era began in 1966, while Trudy is the third strongest October eastern Pacific hurricane on record.", "Pacific Ocean __knowledge__ The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions.", "Pacific Ocean __knowledge__ It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.", "Pacific Ocean __knowledge__ At in area (as defined with an Antarctic southern border), this largest division of the World Ocean—and, in turn, the hydrosphere—covers about 46% of Earth's water surface and about one-third of its total surface area, making it larger than all of Earth's land area combined.", "Pacific Ocean __knowledge__ Both the center of the Water Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere are in the Pacific Ocean.", "1962 Pacific typhoon season __knowledge__ The 1962 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds; there was activity in every month but January, March, and June, but most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November and this conventionally delimits the season.", "1962 Pacific typhoon season __knowledge__ The majority of the Pacific typhoons in 1962 formed in the Pacific Ocean north of the equator and west of the International Date Line with two exceptions: Tropical Depressions Fifty and Sixty-three formed in the Central Pacific.", "1962 Pacific typhoon season __knowledge__ Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1962 Pacific hurricane season.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Columbia River __knowledge__ The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America.", "Columbia River __knowledge__ The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada.", "Columbia River __knowledge__ It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean.", "Columbia River __knowledge__ The river is long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River.", "Columbia River __knowledge__ Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province.", "Columbia River __knowledge__ The fourth-largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific.", "1998 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ The 1998 Pacific hurricane season was a below average Pacific hurricane season, It had six major hurricanes that was well above average.", "1998 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ The season officially started on May 15 in the eastern Pacific and on June 1 in the central Pacific, and ended on November 30; these dates conventionally delimit the period during which most tropical cyclones form in that region.", "1998 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ The first tropical cyclone developed on June 11, about ten days later than the normal start of the season.", "1998 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ The final storm of the year, Hurricane Madeline, dissipated on October 20.", "1998 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ Storm activity in the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's warning zone was low, with just one tropical depression observed in the region.", "2006 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ The 2006 Pacific hurricane season was the most active since 2000, producing 19 tropical storms or hurricanes.", "2006 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ Eighteen developed within the National Hurricane Center (NHC) area of warning responsibility, which is east of 140°W, and one storm formed between 140°W and the International Date Line, which is under the jurisdiction of the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC).", "2006 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ Of the 19 total storms, eleven became hurricanes, of which six attained major hurricane status.", "2006 Pacific hurricane season __knowledge__ Within the NHC portion of the basin, the season officially began on May 15, and in the CPHC portion, it started on June 1; the season officially ended on November 30." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 3 ]

[ "Alaska is a beautiful state. It's located in the northwest extremity of North America.", "Me too. It's also near the Pacific Ocean which lies to it's south and southwest.", "You can, and to it's north are the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas." ]

[ "Alaska", "Alaska", "Alaska" ]

[ "Blue Ridge Parkway\nBlue Ridge Parkway is nice. Have you heard of it?", "Yea I believe so. My friend was telling me about it. Do you know where it travels through?", "That seems amazing. Is Blue Ridge Parkway an old road?", "Do you know how many miles Blue Ridge Parkway is?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States, noted for its scenic beauty.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway, which is America's longest linear park, runs for through 29 Virginia and North Carolina counties, linking Shenandoah National Park to Great Smoky Mountains National Park.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ It runs mostly along the spine of the Blue Ridge, a major mountain chain that is part of the Appalachian Mountains.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Its southern terminus is at U.S. 441 on the boundary between Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Cherokee Indian Reservation in North Carolina, from which it travels north to Shenandoah National Park in Virginia.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The roadway continues through Shenandoah as Skyline Drive, a similar scenic road which is managed by a different National Park Service unit.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway has been the most visited unit of the National Park System every year since 1946 except three (1949, 2013, and 2016).", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Land on either side of the road is owned and maintained by the National Park Service, and in many places parkway land is bordered by United States Forest Service property.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway was on North Carolina's version of the America the Beautiful quarter in 2015.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Begun during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the project was originally called the Appalachian Scenic Highway.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina is a nonprofit organization classified as a 501(c)(3) by the Internal Revenue Service.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The Foundation was created in 1997 by Dr. Houck Medford, to raise private funding for the Blue Ridge Parkway, one of the most visited units of the National Park system.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ In 2016, the Blue Ridge Parkway welcomed more than 15 million visitors.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The Foundation is governed by a volunteer Board of Trustees.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ Each Trustee is elected by their peers and serves a three-year term.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The CEO runs the day-to-day operations of the Foundation, and is a paid staff member.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The Glenwood Cluster is a region in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests recognized by The Wilderness Society for its rich biodiversity, scenery, wildflower displays, cold-water trout streams and horse trails.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ It offers a unique habitat for rare plants, salamanders and other rare species.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway and the Appalachian Trail traverse the area giving ready access with views to the east of the Piedmont foothills and to the west of the Valley of Virginia.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The region includes wilderness areas protected by Congressional action, inventoried wilderness, and inventoried areas recognized by the Wilderness Society as worthy of protection from timbering and roads.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ Skyline Drive is a road that runs the entire length of the National Park Service's Shenandoah National Park in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, generally along the ridge of the mountains.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ The drive's northern terminus is at an intersection with U.S. Route 340 (US 340) near Front Royal, and the southern terminus is at an interchange with US 250 near Interstate 64 (I-64) in Rockfish Gap, where the road continues south as the Blue Ridge Parkway.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ The road has intermediate interchanges with US 211 in Thornton Gap and US 33 in Swift Run Gap.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ A park entrance fee is charged at the four access points to the drive.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Mountains are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian Mountains range.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ This province consists of northern and southern physiographic regions, which divide near the Roanoke River gap.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The mountain range is located in the eastern United States, starting at its southernmost portion in Georgia, then ending northward in Pennsylvania.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ To the west of the Blue Ridge, between it and the bulk of the Appalachians, lies the Great Appalachian Valley, bordered on the west by the Ridge and Valley province of the Appalachian range.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Mountains are noted for having a bluish color when seen from a distance.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Marathon - America's Toughest Road Marathon - is an annual marathon, half marathon, 10K, team relay, and double marathon held in both Roanoke and Roanoke County, Virginia, United States.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ Officially announced on August 12, 2009, the inaugural event occurred on April 24, 2010.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The course starts in Downtown Roanoke and finishes in Elmwood Park.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The race is a boutique run that attracts approximately 3000 runners.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The beneficiary of the marathon is the Friends of the Blue Ridge Parkway, a group dedicated to the preservation of the Blue Ridge Parkway.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The course starts in Elmwood Park in Downtown Roanoke.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge School District is a small, rural, public school district located in Susquehanna County in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ It serves the Boroughs of Great Bend, Hallstead and New Milford and Great Bend Township, Jackson Township and New Milford Township.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ The district encompasses approximately .", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ According to the 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 7,331.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population increased to 7,730 people.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Blue Ridge School District population (25 years old and over) were 89.6% high school graduates and 13.5% college graduates." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States, noted for its scenic beauty.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway, which is America's longest linear park, runs for through 29 Virginia and North Carolina counties, linking Shenandoah National Park to Great Smoky Mountains National Park.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ It runs mostly along the spine of the Blue Ridge, a major mountain chain that is part of the Appalachian Mountains.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Its southern terminus is at U.S. 441 on the boundary between Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Cherokee Indian Reservation in North Carolina, from which it travels north to Shenandoah National Park in Virginia.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The roadway continues through Shenandoah as Skyline Drive, a similar scenic road which is managed by a different National Park Service unit.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway has been the most visited unit of the National Park System every year since 1946 except three (1949, 2013, and 2016).", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Land on either side of the road is owned and maintained by the National Park Service, and in many places parkway land is bordered by United States Forest Service property.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway was on North Carolina's version of the America the Beautiful quarter in 2015.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Begun during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the project was originally called the Appalachian Scenic Highway.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ 1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The story is based on the events surrounding the signing of the Declaration of Independence.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It dramatizes the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and to sign the document.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It premiered on Broadway in 1969, earning warm reviews, and ran for 1,217 performances.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The production was nominated for five Tony Awards and won three, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1972 it was made into a film adaptation.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It was revived on Broadway in 1997.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1925, Rodgers and Hart had written a musical about the American Revolution, called \"Dearest Enemy\".", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Natchez Trace Parkway __knowledge__ The Natchez Trace Parkway (also known as the Natchez Trace or simply the Trace) is a National Parkway in the southeastern United States that commemorates the historic Old Natchez Trace and preserves sections of the original trail.", "Natchez Trace Parkway __knowledge__ Its central feature is a two-lane parkway road that extends 444 miles (715 km) from Natchez, Mississippi, to Nashville, Tennessee.", "Natchez Trace Parkway __knowledge__ Access to the parkway is limited, with more than fifty access points in the states of Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee.", "Natchez Trace Parkway __knowledge__ The southern end of the route is in Natchez at an intersection with Liberty Road, and the northern end is northeast of Fairview, Tennessee, in the suburban community of Pasquo, Tennessee, at an intersection with Tennessee 100.", "National Parkway __knowledge__ A National Parkway is a designation for a protected area in the United States.", "National Parkway __knowledge__ The designation is given to a scenic roadway and a protected corridor of surrounding parkland.", "National Parkway __knowledge__ National Parkways often connect cultural or historic sites.", "National Parkway __knowledge__ The U.S. National Park Service manages the parkways.", "National Parkway __knowledge__ The first \"parkways\" in the United States were developed in the late 19th century by landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Beatrix Farrand as roads segregated for pedestrians, bicyclists, equestrians, and horse carriages, such as the Eastern Parkway and Ocean Parkway in Brooklyn, New York.", "National Parkway __knowledge__ The terminology \"parkway\" to define this type of road was coined by Calvert Vaux and Olmsted in their proposal to link city and suburban parks with \"pleasure roads.\"", "Great River Road __knowledge__ The Great River Road is a collection of state and local roads that follow the course of the Mississippi River through ten states of the United States.", "Great River Road __knowledge__ They are Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi and Louisiana.", "Great River Road __knowledge__ It formerly extended north into Canada, serving the provinces of Ontario and Manitoba.", "Great River Road __knowledge__ The term \"Great River Road\" refers both to a series of roadways and to a larger region inside the US and in each state, used for tourism and historic purposes.", "Great River Road __knowledge__ Some states have designated or identified regions of state interest along the road and use the roads to encompass those regions.", "Foothills Parkway __knowledge__ The Foothills Parkway is a national parkway which partly traverses the foothills of the northern Great Smoky Mountains in East Tennessee, located in the southeastern United States.", "Foothills Parkway __knowledge__ If completed, the 71-mile (114 km) parkway will connect U.S. Route 129 (U.S. 129) along the Little Tennessee River in the west with Interstate 40 (I-40) along the Pigeon River in the east.", "Foothills Parkway __knowledge__ Current and future portions pass through parts of Blount, Sevier, and Cocke counties.", "Foothills Parkway __knowledge__ Large sections cross a series of high ridges running roughly parallel to the Tennessee boundary of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and offer unobstructed views of the Great Smokies to the south and the Tennessee Valley to the north.", "George Washington Memorial Parkway __knowledge__ The George Washington Memorial Parkway, colloquially the G.W.", "George Washington Memorial Parkway __knowledge__ Parkway, is a parkway that runs along the south bank of the Potomac River from Mount Vernon, Virginia, northwest to Langley, Virginia, and is maintained by the National Park Service (NPS).", "George Washington Memorial Parkway __knowledge__ It is located almost entirely within Virginia, except for a short portion of the parkway northwest of the Arlington Memorial Bridge that passes over Columbia Island within the District of Columbia.", "George Washington Memorial Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway is separated into two sections joined by Washington Street (State Route 400) in Alexandria.", "George Washington Memorial Parkway __knowledge__ A third section, which is the Clara Barton Parkway, runs on the opposite side of the Potomac River in the District of Columbia and suburban Montgomery County, Maryland.", "Taconic State Parkway __knowledge__ The Taconic State Parkway (often called the Taconic or the TSP and known administratively as New York State Route 987G or NY 987G), is a divided highway between Kensico Dam and Chatham, the longest parkway in the U.S. state of New York.", "Taconic State Parkway __knowledge__ It follows a generally northward route midway between the Hudson River and the Connecticut and Massachusetts state lines, along the Taconic Mountains.", "Taconic State Parkway __knowledge__ Its southernmost three miles are a surface road; from the junction with the Sprain Brook Parkway northward it is a limited-access highway.", "Taconic State Parkway __knowledge__ It has grade-separated interchanges from that point to its northern terminus; in the three northern counties there are also at-grade intersections, many with closed medians, allowing only right-in/right-out turns." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States, noted for its scenic beauty.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway, which is America's longest linear park, runs for through 29 Virginia and North Carolina counties, linking Shenandoah National Park to Great Smoky Mountains National Park.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ It runs mostly along the spine of the Blue Ridge, a major mountain chain that is part of the Appalachian Mountains.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Its southern terminus is at U.S. 441 on the boundary between Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Cherokee Indian Reservation in North Carolina, from which it travels north to Shenandoah National Park in Virginia.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The roadway continues through Shenandoah as Skyline Drive, a similar scenic road which is managed by a different National Park Service unit.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway has been the most visited unit of the National Park System every year since 1946 except three (1949, 2013, and 2016).", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Land on either side of the road is owned and maintained by the National Park Service, and in many places parkway land is bordered by United States Forest Service property.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway was on North Carolina's version of the America the Beautiful quarter in 2015.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Begun during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the project was originally called the Appalachian Scenic Highway.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina is a nonprofit organization classified as a 501(c)(3) by the Internal Revenue Service.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The Foundation was created in 1997 by Dr. Houck Medford, to raise private funding for the Blue Ridge Parkway, one of the most visited units of the National Park system.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ In 2016, the Blue Ridge Parkway welcomed more than 15 million visitors.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The Foundation is governed by a volunteer Board of Trustees.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ Each Trustee is elected by their peers and serves a three-year term.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The CEO runs the day-to-day operations of the Foundation, and is a paid staff member.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The Glenwood Cluster is a region in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests recognized by The Wilderness Society for its rich biodiversity, scenery, wildflower displays, cold-water trout streams and horse trails.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ It offers a unique habitat for rare plants, salamanders and other rare species.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway and the Appalachian Trail traverse the area giving ready access with views to the east of the Piedmont foothills and to the west of the Valley of Virginia.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The region includes wilderness areas protected by Congressional action, inventoried wilderness, and inventoried areas recognized by the Wilderness Society as worthy of protection from timbering and roads.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ Skyline Drive is a road that runs the entire length of the National Park Service's Shenandoah National Park in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, generally along the ridge of the mountains.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ The drive's northern terminus is at an intersection with U.S. Route 340 (US 340) near Front Royal, and the southern terminus is at an interchange with US 250 near Interstate 64 (I-64) in Rockfish Gap, where the road continues south as the Blue Ridge Parkway.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ The road has intermediate interchanges with US 211 in Thornton Gap and US 33 in Swift Run Gap.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ A park entrance fee is charged at the four access points to the drive.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Mountains are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian Mountains range.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ This province consists of northern and southern physiographic regions, which divide near the Roanoke River gap.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The mountain range is located in the eastern United States, starting at its southernmost portion in Georgia, then ending northward in Pennsylvania.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ To the west of the Blue Ridge, between it and the bulk of the Appalachians, lies the Great Appalachian Valley, bordered on the west by the Ridge and Valley province of the Appalachian range.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Mountains are noted for having a bluish color when seen from a distance.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Marathon - America's Toughest Road Marathon - is an annual marathon, half marathon, 10K, team relay, and double marathon held in both Roanoke and Roanoke County, Virginia, United States.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ Officially announced on August 12, 2009, the inaugural event occurred on April 24, 2010.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The course starts in Downtown Roanoke and finishes in Elmwood Park.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The race is a boutique run that attracts approximately 3000 runners.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The beneficiary of the marathon is the Friends of the Blue Ridge Parkway, a group dedicated to the preservation of the Blue Ridge Parkway.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The course starts in Elmwood Park in Downtown Roanoke.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge School District is a small, rural, public school district located in Susquehanna County in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ It serves the Boroughs of Great Bend, Hallstead and New Milford and Great Bend Township, Jackson Township and New Milford Township.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ The district encompasses approximately .", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ According to the 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 7,331.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population increased to 7,730 people.", "Blue Ridge School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Blue Ridge School District population (25 years old and over) were 89.6% high school graduates and 13.5% college graduates.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Great Smoky Mountains __knowledge__ The Great Smoky Mountains are a mountain range rising along the Tennessee–North Carolina border in the southeastern United States.", "Great Smoky Mountains __knowledge__ They are a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains, and form part of the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province.", "Great Smoky Mountains __knowledge__ The range is sometimes called the Smoky Mountains and the name is commonly shortened to the Smokies.", "Great Smoky Mountains __knowledge__ The Great Smokies are best known as the home of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which protects most of the range.", "Great Smoky Mountains __knowledge__ The park was established in 1934, and, with over 9 million visits per year, it is the most-visited national park in the United States.", "Great Smoky Mountains __knowledge__ The Great Smokies are part of an International Biosphere Reserve.", "Great Smoky Mountains National Park __knowledge__ Great Smoky Mountains National Park is a United States National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site that straddles the ridgeline of the Great Smoky Mountains, part of the Blue Ridge Mountains, which are a division of the larger Appalachian Mountain chain.", "Great Smoky Mountains National Park __knowledge__ The border between Tennessee and North Carolina runs northeast to southwest through the centerline of the park.", "Great Smoky Mountains National Park __knowledge__ It is the most visited national park in the United States with over 11.3 million recreational visitors in 2016.", "Great Smoky Mountains National Park __knowledge__ On its route from Maine to Georgia, the Appalachian Trail also passes through the center of the park.", "Great Smoky Mountains National Park __knowledge__ The park was chartered by the United States Congress in 1934 and officially dedicated by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1940.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ Appalachia () is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier of New York to northern Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ While the Appalachian Mountains stretch from Belle Isle (Newfoundland and Labrador) in Canada to Cheaha Mountain in Alabama, the cultural region of Appalachia typically refers only to the central and southern portions of the range.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ As of the 2010 United States Census, the region was home to approximately 25 million people.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ Since its recognition as a distinctive region in the late 19th century, Appalachia has been a source of enduring myths and distortions regarding the isolation, temperament, and behavior of its inhabitants.", "Shenandoah National Park __knowledge__ Shenandoah National Park (often ) is a national park that encompasses part of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the U.S. state of Virginia.", "Shenandoah National Park __knowledge__ The park is long and narrow, with the broad Shenandoah River and Valley on the west side, and the rolling hills of the Virginia Piedmont on the east.", "Shenandoah National Park __knowledge__ Although the scenic Skyline Drive is likely the most prominent feature of the park, almost 40% of the land area has been designated as wilderness and is protected as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System.", "Shenandoah National Park __knowledge__ The highest peak is Hawksbill Mountain at .", "Shenandoah National Park __knowledge__ The park encompasses parts of eight counties.", "Shenandoah National Park __knowledge__ On the west side of Skyline Drive they are, from northeast to southwest, Warren, Page, Rockingham, and Augusta counties.", "Foothills Parkway __knowledge__ The Foothills Parkway is a national parkway which partly traverses the foothills of the northern Great Smoky Mountains in East Tennessee, located in the southeastern United States.", "Foothills Parkway __knowledge__ If completed, the 71-mile (114 km) parkway will connect U.S. Route 129 (U.S. 129) along the Little Tennessee River in the west with Interstate 40 (I-40) along the Pigeon River in the east.", "Foothills Parkway __knowledge__ Current and future portions pass through parts of Blount, Sevier, and Cocke counties.", "Foothills Parkway __knowledge__ Large sections cross a series of high ridges running roughly parallel to the Tennessee boundary of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and offer unobstructed views of the Great Smokies to the south and the Tennessee Valley to the north." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States, noted for its scenic beauty.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway, which is America's longest linear park, runs for through 29 Virginia and North Carolina counties, linking Shenandoah National Park to Great Smoky Mountains National Park.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ It runs mostly along the spine of the Blue Ridge, a major mountain chain that is part of the Appalachian Mountains.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Its southern terminus is at U.S. 441 on the boundary between Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Cherokee Indian Reservation in North Carolina, from which it travels north to Shenandoah National Park in Virginia.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The roadway continues through Shenandoah as Skyline Drive, a similar scenic road which is managed by a different National Park Service unit.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway has been the most visited unit of the National Park System every year since 1946 except three (1949, 2013, and 2016).", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Land on either side of the road is owned and maintained by the National Park Service, and in many places parkway land is bordered by United States Forest Service property.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ The parkway was on North Carolina's version of the America the Beautiful quarter in 2015.", "Blue Ridge Parkway __knowledge__ Begun during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the project was originally called the Appalachian Scenic Highway.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina is a nonprofit organization classified as a 501(c)(3) by the Internal Revenue Service.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The Foundation was created in 1997 by Dr. Houck Medford, to raise private funding for the Blue Ridge Parkway, one of the most visited units of the National Park system.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ In 2016, the Blue Ridge Parkway welcomed more than 15 million visitors.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The Foundation is governed by a volunteer Board of Trustees.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ Each Trustee is elected by their peers and serves a three-year term.", "Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation __knowledge__ The CEO runs the day-to-day operations of the Foundation, and is a paid staff member.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The Glenwood Cluster is a region in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests recognized by The Wilderness Society for its rich biodiversity, scenery, wildflower displays, cold-water trout streams and horse trails.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ It offers a unique habitat for rare plants, salamanders and other rare species.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Parkway and the Appalachian Trail traverse the area giving ready access with views to the east of the Piedmont foothills and to the west of the Valley of Virginia.", "Glenwood Cluster __knowledge__ The region includes wilderness areas protected by Congressional action, inventoried wilderness, and inventoried areas recognized by the Wilderness Society as worthy of protection from timbering and roads.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ Skyline Drive is a road that runs the entire length of the National Park Service's Shenandoah National Park in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, generally along the ridge of the mountains.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ The drive's northern terminus is at an intersection with U.S. Route 340 (US 340) near Front Royal, and the southern terminus is at an interchange with US 250 near Interstate 64 (I-64) in Rockfish Gap, where the road continues south as the Blue Ridge Parkway.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ The road has intermediate interchanges with US 211 in Thornton Gap and US 33 in Swift Run Gap.", "Skyline Drive __knowledge__ A park entrance fee is charged at the four access points to the drive.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Mountains are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian Mountains range.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ This province consists of northern and southern physiographic regions, which divide near the Roanoke River gap.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The mountain range is located in the eastern United States, starting at its southernmost portion in Georgia, then ending northward in Pennsylvania.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ To the west of the Blue Ridge, between it and the bulk of the Appalachians, lies the Great Appalachian Valley, bordered on the west by the Ridge and Valley province of the Appalachian range.", "Blue Ridge Mountains __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Mountains are noted for having a bluish color when seen from a distance.", "Humpback Rock __knowledge__ Humpback Rock is a massive greenstone outcrop near the peak of Humpback Mountain with a summit elevation of .", "Humpback Rock __knowledge__ The rock is so named for the visual effect of a \"hump\" it creates on the western face of the mountain.", "Humpback Rock __knowledge__ Humpback Rocks, along with a well maintained trail and visitors' center, are located in the Blue Ridge Mountains near Waynesboro, Virginia in Augusta County and Nelson County.", "Humpback Rock __knowledge__ Located six miles (10 km) south of the northern entrance to the Blue Ridge Parkway, Humpback Rocks stands out from many other mountain summits in the Blue Ridge due to its exposed rocky summit, in contrast to the heavily vegetated peaks of surrounding mountains.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The Blue Ridge Marathon - America's Toughest Road Marathon - is an annual marathon, half marathon, 10K, team relay, and double marathon held in both Roanoke and Roanoke County, Virginia, United States.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ Officially announced on August 12, 2009, the inaugural event occurred on April 24, 2010.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The course starts in Downtown Roanoke and finishes in Elmwood Park.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The race is a boutique run that attracts approximately 3000 runners.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The beneficiary of the marathon is the Friends of the Blue Ridge Parkway, a group dedicated to the preservation of the Blue Ridge Parkway.", "Blue Ridge Marathon on the Parkway __knowledge__ The course starts in Elmwood Park in Downtown Roanoke.", "War in Afghanistan (2001–present) __knowledge__ This article covers the history of Afghanistan since the United States invasion of Afghanistan of October 7, 2001, a period sometimes referred to as the War in Afghanistan, or the U.S. War in Afghanistan, code named Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan (2001–2014) and Operation Freedom's Sentinel (2015–present) The U.S. in their 2001 invasion was supported initially by the United Kingdom and Canada and later by a coalition of over 40 countries, including all NATO members.", "War in Afghanistan (2001–present) __knowledge__ The war's public aims were to dismantle al-Qaeda and to deny it a safe base of operations in Afghanistan by removing the Taliban from power.", "Haruhisa Handa __knowledge__ He is also known by his real name, Haruhisa Handa, in the Western World, while he uses principally as his artistic name in Asia, including Japan, China and Cambodia.", "Haruhisa Handa __knowledge__ \"Toshu\" in Japanese means Asia or Japan which is located in the eastern area when the world was deemed as one nation.", "Haruhisa Handa __knowledge__ As recorded in the ancient record, of \"Sange-gakushoshiki\" (The Regulations for Students of the Mountain School), written by Saichō who was a Japanese Buddhist monk credited with founding the Tendai, where the word \"Toshu\" was used to signify Japan.", "Haruhisa Handa __knowledge__ In addition he also uses the pen name as the president of his theater company and for his literary activities as a novelist and poet etc.", "Blue Peter __knowledge__ Blue Peter is a British children's television programme, currently shown live on the CBBC television channel.", "Blue Peter __knowledge__ A significant part of British culture, it first aired in 1958 and is the longest-running children's TV show in the world.", "Blue Peter __knowledge__ Although the show has a nautical title and theme, it is a magazine/entertainment show containing viewer and presenter challenges, as well as the famous arts and crafts \"makes\".", "Blue Peter __knowledge__ During its history there have been many presenters, currently Lindsey Russell and Radzi Chinyanganya.", "Blue Peter __knowledge__ The show is produced mainly in a television studio, but there is also a garden, often referred to as the Blue Peter Garden, used during the summer and for outdoor activities.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Veterans Committee __knowledge__ The Veterans Committee was the popular name of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Committee to Consider Managers, Umpires, Executives and Long-Retired Players; a former voting committee of the U.S.", "Veterans Committee __knowledge__ Baseball Hall of Fame that provided an opportunity for Hall of Fame enshrinement to all individuals who are eligible for induction but ineligible for consideration by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA).", "Veterans Committee __knowledge__ The term \"Veterans Committee\" (was composed of four committees of baseball veterans) is taken from the body's former official name: National Baseball Hall of Fame Committee on Baseball Veterans (1953).", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ Phoenix () is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ With 1,615,017 people (), Phoenix is the fifth most populous city nationwide, the most populous state capital in the United States, and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, which in turn is a part of the Salt River Valley.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ The metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States, with approximately 4.3 million people .", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ In addition, Phoenix is the seat of Maricopa County and, at 517.9 square miles (1,341 km), it is the largest city in the state, more than twice the size of Tucson and one of the largest cities in the United States.", "Culture in Pristina __knowledge__ As the capital city of Kosovo, Pristina is the heart of the cultural and artistic development of all Albanians that live in Kosovo.", "Culture in Pristina __knowledge__ The department of cultural affairs is just one of the segments that arranges the cultural events, which make Pristina one of the cities with the most emphasized cultural and artistic traditions.", "Culture in Pristina __knowledge__ The Goddess on the Throne (Albanian: Mbretëresha e Dardanisë or Hyjnesha ne Fron) has been adopted as the symbol of Pristina.", "Culture in Pristina __knowledge__ It is the most precious archaeological artifacts of Kosovo that has been founded during some excavations in 1955 in the region of Ulpiana, a suburb of Pristina." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 6, 0 ]

[ "Yes I have, Its a beautiful National Parkway and All-American Road in the US if im not msitaken,", "Yea, it runs for through about 29 Virginia and North Carolina counties, It links Shenandoah National Park to Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Its beautiful. ", "Yes it has been most visited every year since opening in 1946, It was however closed in 1949, 2013, and 2016 for unknown reasons. .", "Its has a massive length of 469 miles." ]

[ "Blue Ridge Parkway", "Blue Ridge Parkway", "Blue Ridge Parkway", "Blue Ridge Parkway" ]

[ "Genetically modified organism", "Genetics? It's the study of heredity and inherited characteristics. What do you mean by a genetically modified organism?", "And you want me to define that? It sounds like you just did haha" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques (i.e., a genetically \"engineered\" organism).", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ GMOs are used to produce many medications and genetically modified foods and are widely used in scientific research and the production of other goods.", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ The term GMO is very close to the technical legal term, 'living modified organism', defined in the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which regulates international trade in living GMOs (specifically, \"any living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology\").", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ A more specifically defined type of GMO is a \"transgenic organism.\"", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ This is an organism whose genetic makeup has been altered by the addition of genetic material from an unrelated organism.", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ This should not be confused with the more general way in which \"GMO\" is used to classify genetically altered organisms, as typically GMOs are organisms whose genetic makeup has been altered without the addition of genetic material from an unrelated organism.", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ The first genetically modified mouse was created in 1974, and the first plant was produced in 1983." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques (i.e., a genetically \"engineered\" organism).", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ GMOs are used to produce many medications and genetically modified foods and are widely used in scientific research and the production of other goods.", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ The term GMO is very close to the technical legal term, 'living modified organism', defined in the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which regulates international trade in living GMOs (specifically, \"any living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology\").", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ A more specifically defined type of GMO is a \"transgenic organism.\"", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ This is an organism whose genetic makeup has been altered by the addition of genetic material from an unrelated organism.", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ This should not be confused with the more general way in which \"GMO\" is used to classify genetically altered organisms, as typically GMOs are organisms whose genetic makeup has been altered without the addition of genetic material from an unrelated organism.", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ The first genetically modified mouse was created in 1974, and the first plant was produced in 1983.", "Genetically modified food controversies __knowledge__ Genetically modified food controversies are disputes over the use of foods and other goods derived from genetically modified crops instead of conventional crops, and other uses of genetic engineering in food production.", "Genetically modified food controversies __knowledge__ The disputes involve consumers, farmers, biotechnology companies, governmental regulators, non-governmental organizations, and scientists.", "Genetically modified food controversies __knowledge__ The key areas of controversy related to genetically modified food (GM food or GMO food) are whether such food should be labeled, the role of government regulators, the objectivity of scientific research and publication, the effect of genetically modified crops on health and the environment, the effect on pesticide resistance, the impact of such crops for farmers, and the role of the crops in feeding the world population.", "Genetic engineering __knowledge__ Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.", "Genetic engineering __knowledge__ It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms.", "Genetic engineering __knowledge__ New DNA is obtained by either isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using recombinant DNA methods or by artificially synthesising the DNA.", "Genetic engineering __knowledge__ A construct is usually created and used to insert this DNA into the host organism.", "Genetic engineering __knowledge__ The first recombinant DNA molecule was made by Paul Berg in 1972 by combining DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with the lambda virus.", "History of genetic engineering __knowledge__ Genetic modification caused by human activity has been occurring since around 12,000 BC, when humans first began to domesticate organisms.", "History of genetic engineering __knowledge__ Genetic engineering as the direct transfer of DNA from one organism to another was first accomplished by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1972.", "History of genetic engineering __knowledge__ The first genetically modified animal was a mouse created in 1974 by Rudolf Jaenisch.", "History of genetic engineering __knowledge__ In 1983 an antibiotic resistant gene was inserted into tobacco, leading to the first genetically engineered plant.", "History of genetic engineering __knowledge__ Advances followed that allowed scientists to manipulate and add genes to a variety of different organisms and induce a range of different effects.", "Genetic engineering techniques __knowledge__ The creation of a genetically engineered organism involves a number of steps.", "Genetic engineering techniques __knowledge__ Genetic engineers must first choose what gene they wish to insert into the organism.", "Genetic engineering techniques __knowledge__ The gene must then be isolated and incorporated, along with other genetic elements, into a suitable vector.", "Genetic engineering techniques __knowledge__ These genetic elements are generally a promoter and terminator region as well as a selectable marker gene.", "Genetic engineering techniques __knowledge__ This vector is then inserted into the host organism's genome.", "Genetic engineering techniques __knowledge__ For animals, the gene must be inserted into embryonic stem cells.", "Genetic engineering techniques __knowledge__ This can be accomplished with microinjection, viral vectors, \"Agrobacterium\"-mediated recombination, biolistics or using the organism's natural processes.", "Gene __knowledge__ A gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA which codes for a molecule that has a function.", "Gene __knowledge__ During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA.", "Gene __knowledge__ The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function.", "Gene __knowledge__ The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits.", "Gene __knowledge__ These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes.", "Gene __knowledge__ Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be.", "Gene __knowledge__ Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as gene–environment interactions.", "Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety __knowledge__ The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity is an international agreement on biosafety as a supplement to the Convention on Biological Diversity effective since 2003.", "Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety __knowledge__ The Biosafety Protocol seeks to protect biological diversity from the potential risks posed by genetically modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology.", "Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety __knowledge__ The Biosafety Protocol makes clear that products from new technologies must be based on the precautionary principle and allow developing nations to balance public health against economic benefits.", "Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety __knowledge__ It will for example let countries ban imports of genetically modified organisms if they feel there is not enough scientific evidence that the product is safe and requires exporters to label shipments containing genetically altered commodities such as corn or cotton.", "Genetic engineering in the United States __knowledge__ The United States is the largest grower of commercial crops that have been genetically engineered in the world, but not without domestic and international opposition.", "Genetic engineering in the United States __knowledge__ Monsanto, based in Creve Coeur, Missouri in the United States, is the leading producer of genetically engineered seed; it sells 90% of the world's GE seeds.", "Genetic engineering in the United States __knowledge__ See Farmer Assurance Provision.", "Genetic engineering in the United States __knowledge__ (This bill is commonly referred to as the “Monsanto Protection Act” by its critics.)", "Genetic engineering in the United States __knowledge__ In 1983, environmental groups and protestors delayed the field tests of the genetically modified ice-minus strain of \"P. syringae\" with legal challenges.", "Genetic engineering in the United States __knowledge__ \"Foundation on Economic Trends v. Heckler\", 756 F.2d 143 (D.C. Cir." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques (i.e., a genetically \"engineered\" organism).", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ GMOs are used to produce many medications and genetically modified foods and are widely used in scientific research and the production of other goods.", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ The term GMO is very close to the technical legal term, 'living modified organism', defined in the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which regulates international trade in living GMOs (specifically, \"any living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology\").", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ A more specifically defined type of GMO is a \"transgenic organism.\"", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ This is an organism whose genetic makeup has been altered by the addition of genetic material from an unrelated organism.", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ This should not be confused with the more general way in which \"GMO\" is used to classify genetically altered organisms, as typically GMOs are organisms whose genetic makeup has been altered without the addition of genetic material from an unrelated organism.", "Genetically modified organism __knowledge__ The first genetically modified mouse was created in 1974, and the first plant was produced in 1983.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Running Man Brothers is a South Korean pop duo, which is named after the South Korean television show \"Running Man\".", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ The group is composed of cast members Kim Jong-kook and Haha and was formed in 2014.", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Kim and Haha are regular cast members on the variety show \"Running Man\", which started airing in 2010, and they have been called it's favorite \"duo.\"", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Although Yoo Jae-suk is the star of the show, Kim and Haha have been written of as the \"spice\" of the show, with references to Kim's \"boyish likeability, upbeat personality and masculinity\" and Haha for \"his insatiable sense of humor and free spirit,\" and together are called \"the musical duo.\"", "Broadcast (band) __knowledge__ Broadcast are an English indie electronic band, founded in Birmingham, England in 1995 by Trish Keenan and James Cargill.", "Broadcast (band) __knowledge__ The band has released three albums as well as several EPs, singles and EP collections, with their first studio album, \"The Noise Made by People\", being released in 2000.", "Broadcast (band) __knowledge__ Their musical output gained notice from critics for its blending of elements of 1960s-American psychedelic rock with electronica, sometimes incorporating samples from films and other sources, and earned the band a cult following.", "Broadcast (band) __knowledge__ Broadcast's original members were Trish Keenan (vocals, keyboards, guitar), Roj Stevens (keyboards), Tim Felton (guitar), James Cargill (bass), and Steve Perkins (drums).", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ In Chinese tradition, certain numbers are believed by some to be auspicious (吉利, ) or inauspicious (不利, ) based on the Chinese word that the number sounds similar to.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The numbers 6, 8 and 9 are generally considered to be auspicious, while 4 and 7 are considered inauspicious.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The number 0 (零, ) is the beginning of all things and is generally considered a good number.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The number 1 (一, ) is neither auspicious nor inauspicious.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ It is a number given to winners to indicate the first place.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ But it can also symbolize loneliness or being single.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ For example: November 11th is the Singles' Day in China, as the date has four ‘1’ which stand for singles.", "Drill Your Own Hole __knowledge__ Drill Your Own Hole is the debut album by British grebo and psychedelic rock band Gaye Bykers on Acid, released in 1987 on Virgin Records, becoming their first release for the label after signing to them in late 1986.", "Drill Your Own Hole __knowledge__ After building up momentum through a couple of EPs in 1986, the band recorded \"Drill Your Own Hole\" with producer Alex Fergusson, mostly in South London.", "Drill Your Own Hole __knowledge__ Seven of the songs on the album were also featured in an accompanying film, also called \"Drill Your Own Hole\", that the band released alongside the album.", "Drill Your Own Hole __knowledge__ The film was a parody of themselves and the music industry.", "Drill Your Own Hole __knowledge__ The music on the album displays the band's \"mish-mash\" of influences and styles and has become regarded as one of the first grebo albums.", "Genetic engineering __knowledge__ Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.", "Genetic engineering __knowledge__ It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms.", "Genetic engineering __knowledge__ New DNA is obtained by either isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using recombinant DNA methods or by artificially synthesising the DNA.", "Genetic engineering __knowledge__ A construct is usually created and used to insert this DNA into the host organism.", "Genetic engineering __knowledge__ The first recombinant DNA molecule was made by Paul Berg in 1972 by combining DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with the lambda virus.", "Genetically modified food __knowledge__ Genetically modified foods or GM foods, also known as genetically engineered foods or bioengineered foods, are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering.", "Genetically modified food __knowledge__ Genetic engineering techniques allow for the introduction of new traits as well as greater control over traits than previous methods such as selective breeding and mutation breeding.", "Genetically modified food __knowledge__ Commercial sale of genetically modified foods began in 1994, when Calgene first marketed its unsuccessful Flavr Savr delayed-ripening tomato.", "Genetically modified food __knowledge__ Most food modifications have primarily focused on cash crops in high demand by farmers such as soybean, corn, canola, and cotton.", "Genetically modified fish __knowledge__ Genetically modified fish (GM fish) are organisms from the taxonomic clade which includes the classes Agnatha (jawless fish), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) and Osteichthyes (bony fish) whose genetic material (DNA) has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.", "Genetically modified fish __knowledge__ In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the fish which does not occur naturally in the species, i.e.", "Genetically modified fish __knowledge__ transgenesis.", "Genetically modified fish __knowledge__ GM fish are used in scientific research and kept as pets.", "Genetically modified fish __knowledge__ They are being developed as environmental pollutant sentinels and for use in aquaculture food production.", "Genetically modified fish __knowledge__ In 2015, the AquAdvantage salmon was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for commercial production, sale and consumption, making it the first genetically modified animal to be approved for human consumption.", "Gene __knowledge__ A gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA which codes for a molecule that has a function.", "Gene __knowledge__ During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA.", "Gene __knowledge__ The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function.", "Gene __knowledge__ The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits.", "Gene __knowledge__ These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes.", "Gene __knowledge__ Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be.", "Gene __knowledge__ Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as gene–environment interactions.", "Gene therapy __knowledge__ Gene therapy is the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease.", "Gene therapy __knowledge__ The first attempt at modifying human DNA was performed in 1980 by Martin Cline, but the first successful nuclear gene transfer in humans, approved by the National Institutes of Health, was performed in May 1989.", "Gene therapy __knowledge__ The first therapeutic use of gene transfer as well as the first direct insertion of human DNA into the nuclear genome was performed by French Anderson in a trial starting in September 1990.", "Gene therapy __knowledge__ Between 1989 and February 2016, over 2,300 clinical trials had been conducted, more than half of them in phase I.", "Genetic engineering techniques __knowledge__ The creation of a genetically engineered organism involves a number of steps.", "Genetic engineering techniques __knowledge__ Genetic engineers must first choose what gene they wish to insert into the organism.", "Genetic engineering techniques __knowledge__ The gene must then be isolated and incorporated, along with other genetic elements, into a suitable vector.", "Genetic engineering techniques __knowledge__ These genetic elements are generally a promoter and terminator region as well as a selectable marker gene.", "Genetic engineering techniques __knowledge__ This vector is then inserted into the host organism's genome.", "Genetic engineering techniques __knowledge__ For animals, the gene must be inserted into embryonic stem cells.", "Genetic engineering techniques __knowledge__ This can be accomplished with microinjection, viral vectors, \"Agrobacterium\"-mediated recombination, biolistics or using the organism's natural processes." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "hello dear...can you define genetics? A genetically modified organism ", "what i meant was, any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques ", "oh yes becauseGMOs are used to produce many medications" ]

[ "Genetically modified organism", "Genetically modified organism", "Genetically modified organism" ]

[ "Jeopardy!\nI love jeopardy lol! hi!", "I know, I get so excited when the music plays. Whats your favorite part?", "Right! I love when they get the big prize and everyone yells haha!", "wow thats a lot. you really know a bunch about the show I just watch it when it comes on" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Jeopardy!", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ The show features a quiz competition in which contestants are presented with general knowledge clues in the form of answers, and must phrase their responses in the form of questions.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ The original daytime version debuted on NBC on March 30, 1964, and aired until January 3, 1975.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ A weekly nighttime syndicated edition aired from September 1974 to September 1975, and a revival, \"The All-New Jeopardy!", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ \", ran on NBC from October 1978 to March 1979.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ The current version, a daily syndicated show produced by Sony Pictures Television, premiered on September 10, 1984.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Both NBC versions and the weekly syndicated version were hosted by Art Fleming.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Don Pardo served as announcer until 1975, and John Harlan announced for the 1978–1979 show.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Since its inception, the daily syndicated version has featured Alex Trebek as host and Johnny Gilbert as announcer.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ With over 7,000 episodes aired, the daily syndicated version of \"Jeopardy!\"", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ has won a record 33 Daytime Emmy Awards and is the only post-1960 game show to be honored with the Peabody Award.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ In 2013, the program was ranked No.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ 45 on \"TV Guide\"s list of the 60 greatest shows in American television history.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "List of Jeopardy! contestants __knowledge__ \"Jeopardy!\"", "List of Jeopardy! contestants __knowledge__ is an American television game show.", "List of Jeopardy! contestants __knowledge__ Its format is a quiz competition in which contestants are presented with general knowledge clues in the form of answers, and must phrase their responses in question form.", "List of Jeopardy! contestants __knowledge__ Many contestants throughout the show's history have received significant media attention because of their success on \"Jeopardy!", "List of Jeopardy! contestants __knowledge__ \", particularly Brad Rutter, who has won the most money on the show, and Ken Jennings, who has the show's longest winning streak; Rutter and Jennings also hold the first- and second-place records respectively for most money ever won on American game shows.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "Jeopardy! broadcast information __knowledge__ Jeopardy!", "Jeopardy! broadcast information __knowledge__ is an American television quiz show created by Merv Griffin, in which contestants are presented with trivia clues in the form of answers and must phrase their responses in the form of a question.", "Jeopardy! broadcast information __knowledge__ The show has experienced a long life in several incarnations over the course of nearly a half-century, spending more than 11 years as a daytime network program and having currently run in syndication for 30 seasons.", "Jeopardy! broadcast information __knowledge__ It has also gained a worldwide following with a multitude of international adaptations.", "Jeopardy! broadcast information __knowledge__ The original \"Jeopardy!\"", "Jeopardy! broadcast information __knowledge__ series, hosted by Art Fleming, premiered at 11:30a.m.", "Jeopardy! broadcast information __knowledge__ Eastern (10:30 Central) on March 30, 1964, originating from the NBC headquarters in New York City's Rockefeller Center." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Jeopardy!", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ The show features a quiz competition in which contestants are presented with general knowledge clues in the form of answers, and must phrase their responses in the form of questions.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ The original daytime version debuted on NBC on March 30, 1964, and aired until January 3, 1975.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ A weekly nighttime syndicated edition aired from September 1974 to September 1975, and a revival, \"The All-New Jeopardy!", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ \", ran on NBC from October 1978 to March 1979.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ The current version, a daily syndicated show produced by Sony Pictures Television, premiered on September 10, 1984.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Both NBC versions and the weekly syndicated version were hosted by Art Fleming.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Don Pardo served as announcer until 1975, and John Harlan announced for the 1978–1979 show.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Since its inception, the daily syndicated version has featured Alex Trebek as host and Johnny Gilbert as announcer.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ With over 7,000 episodes aired, the daily syndicated version of \"Jeopardy!\"", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ has won a record 33 Daytime Emmy Awards and is the only post-1960 game show to be honored with the Peabody Award.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ In 2013, the program was ranked No.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ 45 on \"TV Guide\"s list of the 60 greatest shows in American television history.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Secrets Every Smart Traveler Should Know __knowledge__ Secrets Every Smart Traveler Should Know was a musical comedy revue which opened off Broadway in 1997.", "Secrets Every Smart Traveler Should Know __knowledge__ It was based on Wendy Perrin's travel book.", "Secrets Every Smart Traveler Should Know __knowledge__ It depicted the woes of a group of travellers on their worldwide journeys, intercepted by short sketches based around amusing airport announcements, travel company phonelines and announcements by the 'pilot'.", "Secrets Every Smart Traveler Should Know __knowledge__ The show's European premiere was in Cambridge, England, at the Playroom at Cambridge Arts Theatre, presented by the Cambridge University Musical Theatre Society.", "Secrets Every Smart Traveler Should Know __knowledge__ \"Secrets Every Smart Traveler Should Know\" originally opened Off-Broadway at the Triad Theater on October 30, 1997.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ The Divine Feminine is the fourth studio album by American rapper Mac Miller.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ It was released on September 16, 2016, by REMember Music and Warner Bros. Records.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ The album features guest appearances from Kendrick Lamar, Anderson Paak, Ty Dolla Sign and Ariana Grande, among others.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ The album was supported by three singles: \"Dang!", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ \", \"We\" and \"My Favorite Part\".", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ It received generally positive reviews from critics, and charted at number two on the US \"Billboard\" 200.", "The Divine Feminine __knowledge__ According to Miller, the album was not about love (romantic), but rather about learning from women throughout his life and what those experiences mean to him.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "Merv Griffin __knowledge__ Mervyn Edward \"Merv\" Griffin Jr. (July 6, 1925 – August 12, 2007) was an American television host and media mogul.", "Merv Griffin __knowledge__ He began his career as a radio and big band singer who went on to appear in film and on Broadway.", "Merv Griffin __knowledge__ From 1965 to 1986, Griffin hosted his own talk show, \"The Merv Griffin Show\".", "Merv Griffin __knowledge__ He also created the internationally popular game shows \"Jeopardy!\"", "Merv Griffin __knowledge__ and \"Wheel of Fortune\" through his television production companies, Merv Griffin Enterprises and Merv Griffin Entertainment.", "Merv Griffin __knowledge__ Griffin was born July 6, 1925, in San Mateo, California, to Mervyn Edward Griffin, Sr., a stockbroker, and Rita Elizabeth Griffin (née Robinson), a homemaker.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ Wheel of Fortune (often known simply as Wheel) is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ The show features a competition in which contestants solve word puzzles, similar to those used in Hangman, to win cash and prizes determined by spinning a giant carnival wheel.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ \"Wheel\" premiered as a daytime series on NBC on January 6, 1975, and continued to air on the network until June 30, 1989.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ After some changes were made to its format, the daytime series returned on July 17, 1989 as part of CBS's daytime lineup.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ On January 14, 1991, \"Wheel\" moved back to NBC and aired on that network until it was cancelled on September 20, 1991.", "Merv Griffin Enterprises __knowledge__ Merv Griffin Enterprises was a television production company founded by Merv Griffin, in business for 30 years from 1964 to 1994.", "Merv Griffin Enterprises __knowledge__ The company was first established as Milbarn Productions in 1963 and later as Merv Griffin Productions on March 5, 1964.", "Merv Griffin Enterprises __knowledge__ Griffin's first production under the Milbarn name was \"Word for Word\".", "Merv Griffin Enterprises __knowledge__ Griffin's second game show was \"Jeopardy!\"", "Merv Griffin Enterprises __knowledge__ as Griffin's first production under the MGP name in 1964.", "Merv Griffin Enterprises __knowledge__ In 1965, his talk show \"The Merv Griffin Show\" returned to television.", "Merv Griffin Enterprises __knowledge__ Griffin also created the game show \"Shopper's Bazaar\", which was later changed to the famous name \"Wheel of Fortune\" in 1975 after \"Jeopardy!\"", "The Merv Griffin Show __knowledge__ The Merv Griffin Show is an American television talk show starring Merv Griffin.", "The Merv Griffin Show __knowledge__ The series ran from October 1, 1962 to March 29, 1963 on NBC, May 1965 to August 15, 1969 in first-run syndication, from August 18, 1969 to February 11, 1972 at 11:30 PM ET weeknights on CBS and again in first-run syndication from February 14, 1972 to September 5, 1986.", "The Merv Griffin Show __knowledge__ After a short run on NBC from October 1962 to March 1963, Merv Griffin launched a syndicated version of his talk show produced by Westinghouse (Group W) Broadcasting, which made its debut in May 1965.", "The Merv Griffin Show __knowledge__ Intended as a nighttime companion to \"The Mike Douglas Show\" and succeeding Steve Allen and Regis Philbin in the time slot, this version of the Griffin program aired in multiple time slots throughout North America (many stations ran it in the daytime, and other non-NBC affiliates broadcast it opposite \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\").", "Monopoly (game show) __knowledge__ Monopoly is an American television game show based on the board game of the same name.", "Monopoly (game show) __knowledge__ The format was created by Merv Griffin and produced by his production company, Merv Griffin Enterprises.", "Monopoly (game show) __knowledge__ \"Monopoly\" aired as a summer replacement series on ABC along with \"Super Jeopardy!", "Monopoly (game show) __knowledge__ \", a special tournament edition of Griffin's quiz show.", "Monopoly (game show) __knowledge__ \"Monopoly\" premiered on June 16, 1990, and aired following \"Super Jeopardy!\"", "Monopoly (game show) __knowledge__ for twelve consecutive Saturday nights until September 1, 1990.", "Monopoly (game show) __knowledge__ Former \"Jeopardy!\"", "Monopoly (game show) __knowledge__ contestant Mike Reilly was chosen to host the series, with Charlie O'Donnell as announcer.", "Monopoly (game show) __knowledge__ Three separate women, Kathy Davis, Kathy Karges, and Michelle Nicholas, served as the co-host/dice roller.", "Merv Griffin's Crosswords __knowledge__ Merv Griffin's Crosswords is an American game show based on crossword puzzles.", "Merv Griffin's Crosswords __knowledge__ The show was created by its namesake, Merv Griffin, who died shortly after beginning production on the series.", "Merv Griffin's Crosswords __knowledge__ Ty Treadway was the host, and Edd Hall was the announcer.", "Merv Griffin's Crosswords __knowledge__ The series ran in daily syndication from September 10, 2007 and aired first-run episodes until May 16, 2008, with reruns airing in most markets until September 5, 2008; it has remained in continuous reruns on various outlets since then.", "Merv Griffin's Crosswords __knowledge__ The show was produced by Yani-Brune Entertainment and Merv Griffin Entertainment, and was distributed by Program Partners." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Jeopardy!", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ The show features a quiz competition in which contestants are presented with general knowledge clues in the form of answers, and must phrase their responses in the form of questions.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ The original daytime version debuted on NBC on March 30, 1964, and aired until January 3, 1975.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ A weekly nighttime syndicated edition aired from September 1974 to September 1975, and a revival, \"The All-New Jeopardy!", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ \", ran on NBC from October 1978 to March 1979.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ The current version, a daily syndicated show produced by Sony Pictures Television, premiered on September 10, 1984.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Both NBC versions and the weekly syndicated version were hosted by Art Fleming.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Don Pardo served as announcer until 1975, and John Harlan announced for the 1978–1979 show.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Since its inception, the daily syndicated version has featured Alex Trebek as host and Johnny Gilbert as announcer.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ With over 7,000 episodes aired, the daily syndicated version of \"Jeopardy!\"", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ has won a record 33 Daytime Emmy Awards and is the only post-1960 game show to be honored with the Peabody Award.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ In 2013, the program was ranked No.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ 45 on \"TV Guide\"s list of the 60 greatest shows in American television history.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "State Puppet Theatre Varna __knowledge__ The State Puppet Theatre - Varna was founded in 1952 in the resort of Varna, Bulgaria.", "State Puppet Theatre Varna __knowledge__ More than 250 productions have been put on its stage, more than 20 0000 performances have been played, seen by more than 8 million spectators in total.", "State Puppet Theatre Varna __knowledge__ The theatre has its own building in the centre of the town, containing an auditorium with 200 seats, a rehearsal stage, dressing rooms, administration rooms, studios and a Museum of Puppets - the only one of that kind on the Balkans.", "State Puppet Theatre Varna __knowledge__ The repertoire of the theatre offers performances for spectators of all age, starting from classical and modern plays for children, entertaining and vanguard performances for adults to educational productions for students.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ The following is list of characters the appear in the cartoon series, \"Generator Rex\".", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Ricardo \"Rex\" Salazar is a young human-looking E.V.O, but unlike other E.V.O.s, Rex has the ability to control his nanites at will, allowing him to cure other E.V.O.s of their mutations and use his nanites to create a variety of machines on his body and communicate with a variety of machines.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Rex is overconfident, impulsive, and typically, rebellious.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He has a quick wit and is constantly making jokes.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ However, when Rex needs to defend himself, he doesn't hold back.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He prefers to smash anything that gets in his way.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Big Brother 5 (Albania) __knowledge__ Big Brother 5 (Albania) is the fifth season of the Albanian series of the worldwide franchise of Big Brother.", "Big Brother 5 (Albania) __knowledge__ It launched on Saturday, 18 February 2012, with fifteen housemates entering the house.", "Big Brother 5 (Albania) __knowledge__ The winner received the 15,000,000 Leks (€100,000) prize.", "Big Brother 5 (Albania) __knowledge__ The fifth season of Big Brother Albania aired on two cable and satellite channels 24 hours a day on the Digit-Alb TV network, as well as on two additional channels on DigitAlb Mobile.", "Big Brother 5 (Albania) __knowledge__ Daily reviews were shown Monday through Saturday on Top Channel.", "Big Brother 5 (Albania) __knowledge__ The eviction show aired on Saturdays at 21:00 CET, while a Sunday edition closed off the week.", "Big Brother 5 (Albania) __knowledge__ The main host is Arbana Osmani, while Albana Osmani hosted the Sunday morning spin-off called \"Big Brother Albania Fans' Club\", featuring dialogues with eliminated contestants and fans of the show.", "The Big Prize __knowledge__ The Big Prize is the second album by Honeymoon Suite, released in 1985.", "The Big Prize __knowledge__ It featured four hit singles, including the band's biggest hit in the U.S., \"Feel It Again,\" and \"Bad Attitude,\" which was notably featured in a sequence in the final episode of \"Miami Vice\" three years later.", "The Big Prize __knowledge__ The album also certified Platinum in Canada by the CRIA (Canadian Recording Industry Association).", "The Big Prize __knowledge__ The album cover features a newly married couple having their picture taken by some tourists at Niagara Falls, Honeymoon Suite's hometown.", "The Big Prize __knowledge__ The photo was taken on the Canadian-side of the Falls.", "The Big Prize __knowledge__ Following the release of this album, the band won the Juno Award for \"Group of the Year\" and was also nominated for \"Album of the Year\" in 1986.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "Alex Trebek __knowledge__ George Alexander \"Alex\" Trebek (; born July 22, 1940) is a Canadian-American television personality.", "Alex Trebek __knowledge__ He has been the host of the syndicated game show \"Jeopardy!\"", "Alex Trebek __knowledge__ since it was revived in 1984, and has also hosted a number of other game shows, including \"The Wizard of Odds\", \"Double Dare\", \"High Rollers\", \"Battlestars\", \"Classic Concentration\" and \"To Tell the Truth\".", "Alex Trebek __knowledge__ Trebek has made appearances in numerous television series, usually portraying himself.", "Alex Trebek __knowledge__ A native of Canada, he became a naturalized United States citizen in 1998.", "Alex Trebek __knowledge__ Trebek is signed as a host of \"Jeopardy!\"", "Alex Trebek __knowledge__ until 2020.", "Alex Trebek __knowledge__ Trebek was born in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, in 1940, the son of George Edward Trebek, a chef who had emigrated from Ukraine as a child (and also spent his formative years in Japan, inspiring Alex's second nickname, Sai), and Lucille Lagacé (born April 14, 1921), a Franco-Ontarian.", "Merchandise based on Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Jeopardy!", "Merchandise based on Jeopardy! __knowledge__ is an American television quiz show created by Merv Griffin, in which contestants are presented with clues in the form of answers, and must phrase their responses in the form of a question.", "Merchandise based on Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Over the years, the show has expanded its brand beyond television and been licensed into products of various formats.", "Merchandise based on Jeopardy! __knowledge__ In 1990, host Alex Trebek co-authored \"The Jeopardy!", "Merchandise based on Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Book\" along with Peter Barsocchini, which included boards from some of their past tournament games as well as boards specializing in some of the show's various categories.", "Merchandise based on Jeopardy! __knowledge__ (Trebek also voiced the audiobook, which featured the \"behind the scenes\" material on tape one, and audio versions of select games from the book on tape two.)", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ Wheel of Fortune (often known simply as Wheel) is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ The show features a competition in which contestants solve word puzzles, similar to those used in Hangman, to win cash and prizes determined by spinning a giant carnival wheel.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ \"Wheel\" premiered as a daytime series on NBC on January 6, 1975, and continued to air on the network until June 30, 1989.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ After some changes were made to its format, the daytime series returned on July 17, 1989 as part of CBS's daytime lineup.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ On January 14, 1991, \"Wheel\" moved back to NBC and aired on that network until it was cancelled on September 20, 1991.", "Ken Jennings __knowledge__ During his first run of \"Jeopardy!\"", "Ken Jennings __knowledge__ appearances, Jennings earned the record for the highest American game show winnings.", "Ken Jennings __knowledge__ His total was surpassed by Brad Rutter, who defeated Jennings in the finals of the \"Jeopardy!\"", "Ken Jennings __knowledge__ Ultimate Tournament of Champions (first aired on May 25, 2005), adding $2,000,000 to Rutter's existing \"Jeopardy!\"", "Ken Jennings __knowledge__ winnings.", "Ken Jennings __knowledge__ Jennings regained the record after appearing on several other game shows, culminating in an appearance on \"Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?\"", "Ken Jennings __knowledge__ (first aired on October 10, 2008), though Rutter retained the record for highest \"Jeopardy!\"", "Ken Jennings __knowledge__ winnings and once again passed Jennings' total after his victory in the 2014 \"Jeopardy\" Battle of the Decades tournament.", "List of Jeopardy! tournaments and events __knowledge__ \"Jeopardy!\"", "List of Jeopardy! tournaments and events __knowledge__ is an American television quiz show created by Merv Griffin, in which contestants are presented with clues in the form of answers and must phrase their responses in the form of questions.", "List of Jeopardy! tournaments and events __knowledge__ Over the years, the show has featured many tournaments and special events since Alex Trebek became host in 1984.", "List of Jeopardy! tournaments and events __knowledge__ Starting in 1985, the daily syndicated version of \"Jeopardy!\"", "List of Jeopardy! tournaments and events __knowledge__ has conducted a regular tournament called the \"Tournament of Champions\", featuring the most successful champions and other big winners who have appeared on the show since the last tournament.", "List of Jeopardy! tournaments and events __knowledge__ Carried over from the original \"Jeopardy!\"", "Card Sharks __knowledge__ Card Sharks is an American television game show created by Chester Feldman for Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions.", "Card Sharks __knowledge__ Based on the card game Acey Deucey, the game has two contestants compete for control of a row of oversized playing cards by answering questions posed by the host and then guessing if the next card is higher or lower in value than the previous one.", "Card Sharks __knowledge__ The concept has been made into a series four separate times since its debut in 1978, and also appeared as part of CBS's \"Gameshow Marathon\".", "Card Sharks __knowledge__ The show originally ran on NBC from 1978 to 1981 with Jim Perry hosting; a revival ran from 1986 to 1989 on CBS with Bob Eubanks as host, accompanied by another version in syndication with Bill Rafferty." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Jeopardy!", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ The show features a quiz competition in which contestants are presented with general knowledge clues in the form of answers, and must phrase their responses in the form of questions.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ The original daytime version debuted on NBC on March 30, 1964, and aired until January 3, 1975.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ A weekly nighttime syndicated edition aired from September 1974 to September 1975, and a revival, \"The All-New Jeopardy!", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ \", ran on NBC from October 1978 to March 1979.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ The current version, a daily syndicated show produced by Sony Pictures Television, premiered on September 10, 1984.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Both NBC versions and the weekly syndicated version were hosted by Art Fleming.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Don Pardo served as announcer until 1975, and John Harlan announced for the 1978–1979 show.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ Since its inception, the daily syndicated version has featured Alex Trebek as host and Johnny Gilbert as announcer.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ With over 7,000 episodes aired, the daily syndicated version of \"Jeopardy!\"", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ has won a record 33 Daytime Emmy Awards and is the only post-1960 game show to be honored with the Peabody Award.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ In 2013, the program was ranked No.", "Jeopardy! __knowledge__ 45 on \"TV Guide\"s list of the 60 greatest shows in American television history.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ Willow Bunch is a small community located in south central Saskatchewan, Canada, southwest of the provincial capital of Regina.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The population was 286 at the 2011 census.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ Previous names for Willow Bunch have been \"Hart-Rouge\" and \"Talle-de-Saules\".", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The area has seen influences from Métis and Fransaskois.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ About 19 kilometres north-west of Willow Bunch is one of Saskatchewan’s biggest archaeological mysteries.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The St. Victors Petroglyph site is a provincial park that is host to over 300 rock carvings.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The carvings are located on a sandstone cliff that is elevated at 950m.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The uniqueness of the plateau is characterized by being only one of five sites in Canada where petroglyphs are on a horizontal structure of a rock.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ John Anthony Frusciante (; born March 5, 1970) is an American guitarist, singer, producer and composer.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from 1988 until 1992, and again from 1998 until 2009.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He recorded five studio albums with them.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ Frusciante has an active solo career, having released eleven solo albums and five EPs; his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave and electronica.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ In 2015, Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias, Trickfinger.", "John Frusciante __knowledge__ He has also recorded with numerous other artists, including the Mars Volta, for whom he was a studio guitarist (and occasional live performer) from 2002 until 2008; Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally, with whom he released two albums as Ataxia; and various collaborations with both Klinghoffer and Omar Rodríguez-López.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ \"Neighbours\" is an Australian television soap opera.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ It was first broadcast on 18 March 1985 and currently airs on digital channel Eleven.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the soap in 2012, by order of first appearance.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ Until May, characters were introduced by the soap's executive producer, Susan Bower.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ Thereafter, they were introduced by her successor, Richard Jasek.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ The 28th season of \"Neighbours\" began airing on 9 January 2012.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ Four piece indie band William and the Tells made their debut as Red Cotton in the same month, while Toby Wallace made his debut as Corey O'Donahue.", "Animaniacs __knowledge__ Animaniacs is an American animated comedy television series created by Tom Ruegger.", "Animaniacs __knowledge__ It is the second animated series produced by Amblin Entertainment in association with Warner Bros.", "Animaniacs __knowledge__ Animation during the animation renaissance of the late 1980s and early 1990s.", "Animaniacs __knowledge__ \"Animaniacs\" first aired on Fox Kids from 1993 to 1995 and new episodes later appeared on The WB from 1995 to 1998 as part of its Kids' WB afternoon programming block.", "Animaniacs __knowledge__ The series had a total of 99 episodes and one film, \"Wakko's Wish\".", "Animaniacs __knowledge__ \"Animaniacs\" is a variety show, with short skits featuring a large cast of characters.", "Animaniacs __knowledge__ While the show had no set format, the majority of episodes were composed of three short mini-episodes, each starring a different set of characters, and bridging segments.", "Barbra Streisand __knowledge__ Barbara Joan \"Barbra\" Streisand (; born April 24, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and filmmaker.", "Barbra Streisand __knowledge__ In a career spanning six decades, she has achieved success in multiple fields of entertainment and has been recognized with two Academy Awards, ten Grammy Awards including the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and the Grammy Legend Award, five Emmy Awards including one Daytime Emmy, a Special Tony Award, an American Film Institute award, a Kennedy Center Honors prize, four Peabody Awards, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and nine Golden Globes.", "Barbra Streisand __knowledge__ She is among a small group of entertainers who have been honored with an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award, and is one of only two artists in that group who have also won a Peabody.", "Brian Keane __knowledge__ Brian Keane (born January 18, 1953) is an American composer, music producer, musician and guitarist.", "Brian Keane __knowledge__ He has composed the music for hundreds of films and television shows and produced over a hundred record albums.", "Brian Keane __knowledge__ Keane is known as one of the most prominent composers of his era in scoring television documentaries, and a leading producer of world music.", "Brian Keane __knowledge__ Collectively, Keane has scored hundreds of award-winning documentaries and films, including seventeen Emmy winners for best documentary or series (among sixty five nominations), nine Peabody Award-winning films, five Oscar nominated films, and one Academy Award-winning film.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Lucky Spencer is a fictional character from the ABC Daytime soap opera, \"General Hospital\".", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ He is the son of legendary supercouple, Luke and Laura Spencer, played by Anthony Geary and Genie Francis.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ His birth having been announced on-screen in 1985, a ten-year-old Lucky was cast in 1993, played by newcomer at the time, Jonathan Jackson.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Jackson left the series in 1999, and the character was played by Jacob Young and later Greg Vaughan, who was let go in 2009 to allow Jackson to reprise the role.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Lucky's characterization changed throughout the different portrayers; originally a street-smart con artist, Lucky develops an edge during Young's tenure and more drastically changes during Vaughan's portrayal, as Lucky becomes a struggling police officer.", "Jason Morgan and Sam McCall __knowledge__ Jason and Sam Morgan (commonly known by their portmanteau \"JaSam\") are fictional characters and a supercouple from the ABC daytime drama, \"General Hospital.\"", "Jason Morgan and Sam McCall __knowledge__ They are known to be one of daytime's most popular supercouples. Jason was originally portrayed by actor Steve Burton; currently, the role is being played by Billy Miller.", "Jason Morgan and Sam McCall __knowledge__ On December 1, 2017, Miller's character was revealed to be Jason's identical twin brother, Andrew Cain, conditioned to believe he was Jason and assume Jason's identity.", "Jason Morgan and Sam McCall __knowledge__ Sam is portrayed by Kelly Monaco.", "Daytime Emmy Award __knowledge__ The Daytime Emmy Award is an American accolade bestowed by the New York–based National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences in recognition of excellence in American daytime television programming.", "Daytime Emmy Award __knowledge__ Ceremonies generally are held in May or June.", "Daytime Emmy Award __knowledge__ Emmys are considered the television equivalent to the Academy Awards (for film), Grammy Awards (for music) and Tony Awards (for theatre).", "Daytime Emmy Award __knowledge__ The first daytime-themed Emmy Awards were given out at the primetime ceremony in 1972, when \"The Doctors\" and \"General Hospital\" were nominated for Outstanding Achievement in a Daytime Drama.", "Daytime Emmy Award __knowledge__ That year, \"The Doctors\" won the first Best Show Daytime Emmy." ] ]

[ 2, 10, 12, 14 ]

[ "It is so much fun to watch. Merv Griffin created a great game show!", "My favorite part is the last question. Alex Trebek has hosted and Johnny Gilbert has been the announcer since the show started.", "I guess it's everyone's favorite since it has won a record 33 Daytime Emmy's and a Peabody award.", "Yes, it's kind of an obsession of mine. It's also on TV Guide's list of the 60 great shows in American TV history." ]

[ "Jeopardy!", "Jeopardy!", "Jeopardy!", "Jeopardy!" ]

[ "HBO\nHey. I'm overweight and I watch too much television. Right now I love watching HBO. Do you like HBO?", "Well I used to be skinny and I could have been a character on Game of Thrones. I used to like True Blood on HBO.", "I don't know that song. I listen to One Direction and Justin Bieber. ", "I do! He did an HBO special I think and he sang that song." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "HBO __knowledge__ Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc.", "HBO __knowledge__ Programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with made-for-cable movies and documentaries, boxing matches, and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service (basic or premium) in the United States, having been in operation since November 8, 1972.", "HBO __knowledge__ In 2016, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.93 billion, compared to the US$1.88 billion it accrued in 2015.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016.", "HBO __knowledge__ The network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature, and HBO Family.", "HBO __knowledge__ It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015 and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017.", "HBO __knowledge__ As of July 2015, HBO's programming is available to approximately 36,493,000 households with at least one television set (31.3% of all cable, satellite and telco customers) in the United States (36,013,000 subscribers or 30.9% of all households with pay television service receive at least HBO's primary channel), making it the second largest premium channel in the United States (Encore, owned by Starz Inc., reaches 40.54 million pay television households ).", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", "Captain Midnight broadcast signal intrusion __knowledge__ On April 27, 1986, American electrical engineer and business owner John R. MacDougall, using the pseudonym Captain Midnight, jammed the Home Box Office (HBO) satellite signal on Galaxy 1 during a showing of the film \"The Falcon and the Snowman\".", "Captain Midnight broadcast signal intrusion __knowledge__ He broadcast a message lasting four and a half minutes, protesting HBO's rates for satellite dish owners, which he considered too expensive.", "Captain Midnight broadcast signal intrusion __knowledge__ MacDougall was working at his second job as an operations engineer at the Central Florida Teleport uplink station in Ocala, Florida, and fought with a technician at HBO's communications center in Hauppauge, Long Island, for control of the transmission.", "Enlightened (TV series) __knowledge__ Enlightened is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on HBO on October 10, 2011.", "Enlightened (TV series) __knowledge__ The series was created by Mike White, who wrote every episode, and Laura Dern, who plays the lead role of Amy Jellicoe.", "Enlightened (TV series) __knowledge__ In 2012, Laura Dern won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her role in the series.", "Enlightened (TV series) __knowledge__ The show was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy.", "Enlightened (TV series) __knowledge__ After the completion of two seasons, HBO canceled the show in March 2013, partly due to low ratings, despite critical acclaim.", "Enlightened (TV series) __knowledge__ As signaled by its tagline \"About a Woman on the Verge of a Nervous Breakthrough\", \"Enlightened\" follows the story of Amy Jellicoe (Laura Dern), a self-destructive executive, who, after the implosion of her professional life and a subsequent philosophical awakening in rehabilitation, tries to get her life back together.", "Characters of Carnivàle __knowledge__ There are several main characters in \"Carnivàle\", an American television serial drama set in the United States Depression-era Dust Bowl between 1934 and 1935.", "Characters of Carnivàle __knowledge__ It aired on HBO between 2003 and 2005.", "Characters of Carnivàle __knowledge__ The show traces the disparate storylines of an ensemble of fictional characters revolving around two main characters: young Ben Hawkins working in a traveling carnival, and a California preacher named Brother Justin Crowe.", "Characters of Carnivàle __knowledge__ \"Carnivàle\" has a large cast, amounting to eighteen main cast actors over its two-season run.", "Characters of Carnivàle __knowledge__ Most characters are introduced in Ben's storyline: Samson, a dwarf co-running the carnival with Management; Jonesy, Samson's right-hand man with a crippling knee injury; Apollonia and Sofie, two fortunetellers working a mother-daughter act; Lodz, a blind mentalist, and his lover, Lila the Bearded Lady; the cootch (striptease) Dreifuss family; snake charmer Ruthie and her son Gabriel, a strongman; and many other sideshow performers.", "The Sopranos __knowledge__ The Sopranos is an American crime drama television series created by David Chase.", "The Sopranos __knowledge__ The story revolves around the fictional character, New Jersey-based Italian American mobster, Tony Soprano (James Gandolfini).", "The Sopranos __knowledge__ The series portrays the difficulties he faces as he tries to balance the conflicting requirements of his home life and his criminal organization.", "The Sopranos __knowledge__ These are often highlighted during his therapy sessions with psychiatrist Jennifer Melfi (Lorraine Bracco).", "The Sopranos __knowledge__ The series features Tony's family members, mafia colleagues and rivals, in prominent roles and story arcs, most notably his wife Carmela (Edie Falco) and protégé Christopher Moltisanti (Michael Imperioli)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "HBO __knowledge__ Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc.", "HBO __knowledge__ Programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with made-for-cable movies and documentaries, boxing matches, and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service (basic or premium) in the United States, having been in operation since November 8, 1972.", "HBO __knowledge__ In 2016, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.93 billion, compared to the US$1.88 billion it accrued in 2015.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016.", "HBO __knowledge__ The network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature, and HBO Family.", "HBO __knowledge__ It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015 and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017.", "HBO __knowledge__ As of July 2015, HBO's programming is available to approximately 36,493,000 households with at least one television set (31.3% of all cable, satellite and telco customers) in the United States (36,013,000 subscribers or 30.9% of all households with pay television service receive at least HBO's primary channel), making it the second largest premium channel in the United States (Encore, owned by Starz Inc., reaches 40.54 million pay television households ).", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ This is a listing of significant characters in Charlaine Harris's \"The Southern Vampire Mysteries\" / Sookie Stackhouse novels only.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ HBO created a television series called \"True Blood\" based on the novels.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ Sookie is the main character of \"The Southern Vampire Mysteries\", and resides in the fictional town of Bon Temps, in rural, northern Louisiana.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ In the first novel, \"Dead Until Dark\", she describes herself as being 25 years old, with blond hair and blue eyes.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ She also states: “my legs are strong and my bosom is substantial, and I have a waspy waistline”.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ She is written to wear a ladies size 8-10, most of the time a 10.", "True Blood __knowledge__ True Blood is an American dark fantasy horror television series produced and created by Alan Ball and based on \"The Southern Vampire Mysteries\" series of novels by Charlaine Harris.", "True Blood __knowledge__ The series revolves around Sookie Stackhouse (Anna Paquin), a telepathic waitress living in the rural town of Bon Temps, Louisiana, two years after the invention of a synthetic blood that has allowed vampires to \"come out of the coffin\" and allow their presence to be known to mankind.", "True Blood __knowledge__ Now they are struggling for equal rights and assimilation, while anti-vampire organizations begin to gain power.", "True Blood __knowledge__ Sookie's world is turned upside down when she falls in love with 173-year-old vampire Bill Compton (Stephen Moyer) and for the first time must navigate the trials, tribulations and terrors of intimacy and relationships.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "Eric Northman __knowledge__ Eric Northman is a fictional character in \"The Southern Vampire Mysteries,\" a series of thirteen books written by \"New York Times\" bestselling author Charlaine Harris.", "Eric Northman __knowledge__ He is a vampire, slightly over one thousand years old, and is first introduced in the first novel, \"Dead Until Dark\" and appears in all subsequent novels.", "Eric Northman __knowledge__ Since the book series is told from the first person perspective of Sookie Stackhouse, what readers perceive of his character is influenced by what Sookie comprehends.", "Eric Northman __knowledge__ HBO's television series \"True Blood\" is based on this book series and the character of Eric Northman is portrayed somewhat differently.", "Time Warner __knowledge__ Time Warner, Inc. is an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered in New York City.", "Time Warner __knowledge__ It is currently the world's third largest entertainment company in terms of revenue, after Comcast and The Walt Disney Company.", "Time Warner __knowledge__ It was also once the world's largest media conglomerate.", "Time Warner __knowledge__ Time Warner was first founded in 1990, with the merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications.", "Time Warner __knowledge__ The current company consists largely of the assets of the former Warner Communications (as well as HBO, a Time Inc. subsidiary prior to the merger), and the assets of Turner Broadcasting (which was acquired by the company in 1996).", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", "Epix __knowledge__ Epix (pronounced \"epics\" and stylized as \"epix\") is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.", "Epix __knowledge__ The channel's programming consists of recent and older theatrically released motion pictures, original series, documentaries, and music and comedy specials.", "Epix __knowledge__ Epix – which is currently led by Executive Vice President and General Manager Monty Sarhan – operates out of the Bertelsmann Building in New York City.", "Epix __knowledge__ Launched in October 2009, Epix is the youngest of the major premium television channels in the United States.", "Epix __knowledge__ Epix and, depending on the carriage of any of the latter services, its three multiplex channels are sold by most traditional multichannel video programming distributors either as premium services or as part of a la carte digital movie tiers as well as by over-the-top MVPDs Sling TV (which includes the full Epix multiplex with Epix Drive-In available to all base subscribers and the remaining Epix channels offered as a premium add-on) and PlayStation Vue (which offers the multiplex service Epix Hits and its video-on-demand service as a premium add-on).", "Showtime (TV network) __knowledge__ Showtime is an American premium cable and satellite television network that serves as the flagship service of the Showtime Networks subsidiary of CBS Corporation, which also owns sister services The Movie Channel and Flix.", "Showtime (TV network) __knowledge__ Showtime's programming primarily includes theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with boxing and mixed martial arts matches, occasional stand-up comedy specials and made-for-TV movies.", "Showtime (TV network) __knowledge__ The Showtime brand is used by a number of channels and platforms around the world, but primarily refers to the group of eight multiplex channels in the United States.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ Cable television first became available in the United States in 1948, with subscription services following in 1949.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ Data by SNL Kagan shows that about 58.4% of all American homes subscribe to basic cable television services.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ Most cable viewers in the U.S. reside in the suburbs and tend to be middle class; cable television is less common in low income, urban, and rural areas.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ According to reports released by the Federal Communications Commission, traditional cable television subscriptions in the US peaked around the year 2000, at 68.5 million total subscriptions.", "Cable television in the United States __knowledge__ Since then, cable subscriptions have been in slow decline, dropping to 54.4 million subscribers by December 2013.", "The Movie Channel __knowledge__ The Movie Channel (TMC) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by the Showtime Networks, Inc. subsidiary of CBS Corporation.", "The Movie Channel __knowledge__ The network's programming mainly features first-run theatrically released and independently produced motion pictures, along with softcore adult erotica, and during promotional breaks between films, special behind-the-scenes features and movie trivia.", "The Movie Channel __knowledge__ Originally operated and sold as a standalone service, at present, The Movie Channel is receivable to cable and satellite subscribers primarily as part of the multiplex tier of parent network Showtime." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "HBO __knowledge__ Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc.", "HBO __knowledge__ Programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with made-for-cable movies and documentaries, boxing matches, and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service (basic or premium) in the United States, having been in operation since November 8, 1972.", "HBO __knowledge__ In 2016, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.93 billion, compared to the US$1.88 billion it accrued in 2015.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016.", "HBO __knowledge__ The network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature, and HBO Family.", "HBO __knowledge__ It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015 and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017.", "HBO __knowledge__ As of July 2015, HBO's programming is available to approximately 36,493,000 households with at least one television set (31.3% of all cable, satellite and telco customers) in the United States (36,013,000 subscribers or 30.9% of all households with pay television service receive at least HBO's primary channel), making it the second largest premium channel in the United States (Encore, owned by Starz Inc., reaches 40.54 million pay television households ).", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ Purpose is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer and songwriter Justin Bieber.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ It was released on November 13, 2015 by Def Jam Recordings and School Boy Records.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ It serves as the follow-up to Bieber's third studio album \"Believe\" (2012), and it was developed after the release of his collection \"Journals\" (2013), which saw him in a more R&B direction.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ The album was created over a period of two years, in which Bieber struggled to find a musical direction for recording, scrapping each of these tracks many times.", "Purpose (Justin Bieber album) __knowledge__ The album features guest vocals from Travis Scott, Big Sean and Halsey, and production help from Skrillex and Diplo.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer and songwriter.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, \"My World\", in late 2009.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It was certified platinum in the U.S.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Bieber released his first full-length studio album, \"My World 2.0\", in 2010.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It debuted at or near number one in several countries, was certified triple platinum in the U.S., and contained his single \"Baby\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Following his debut album, he had his first headlining tour, the My World Tour, released the remix albums \"My Worlds Acoustic\" and \"Never Say Never – The Remixes\"—and the 3D biopic-concert film \"\".", "Despacito __knowledge__ \"Despacito\" (; English: \"Slowly\") is a single by Puerto Rican singer Luis Fonsi featuring Puerto Rican rapper Daddy Yankee from Fonsi's upcoming studio album.", "Despacito __knowledge__ On January 12, 2017, Universal Music Latin released \"Despacito\" and its music video, which shows both artists performing the song in La Perla neighborhood of Old San Juan, Puerto Rico and the local bar La Factoría.", "Despacito __knowledge__ The song was written by Fonsi, Erika Ender, and Daddy Yankee, and was produced by Mauricio Rengifo and Andrés Torres.", "Despacito __knowledge__ A remix version featuring Canadian singer Justin Bieber was released on April 17, 2017, which helped to improve the song's chart performance in numerous countries, particularly in the English-speaking world.", "Boyfriend (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ \"Boyfriend\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber, taken from his third studio album \"Believe\" (2012).", "Boyfriend (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Bieber explained that the track would surprise people in different ways, since it is a musical departure from his previous material.", "Boyfriend (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ A snippet of \"Boyfriend\" was previewed on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on March 1, 2012, Bieber's 18th birthday.", "Boyfriend (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The song was announced as a single on the same day, and was released on March 26, 2012.", "Boyfriend (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The cover art was revealed on March 19, 2012.", "Boyfriend (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Boyfriend\" is a R&B influenced song that features pop beats reminiscent of American record producer Pharrell Williams and boy band 'N Sync.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album, \"Purpose\" (2015).", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Written by Bieber, Julia Michaels, Justin Tranter, Sonny Moore, and Michael Tucker; the song was produced by Skrillex and BloodPop.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ It was released on October 23, 2015, as the second single from the album.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ A dancehall-pop and tropical house song, \"Sorry\" contains in its instrumentation \"brassy horn bleats\", warm island rhythms and a dembow riddim beat.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, \"Sorry\" is a plea for a chance to apologize to a lover, with Bieber asking forgiveness and a second chance to redeem himself.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The song allegedly samples \"Ring The Bell\" by White Hinterland.", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ \"Where Are Ü Now\" is a song produced by American EDM artists Skrillex and Diplo under their collaborative effort Jack Ü, with vocals from Canadian singer Justin Bieber.", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ The song was released as the second single from the duo's debut studio album, \"Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü\" (2015), on their respective labels OWSLA and Mad Decent, and is also included on Bieber's fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015).", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ It was released simultaneously with the album on February 27, 2015, later sent to mainstream radio on April 21, 2015.", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ Initially, a demo was written by Bieber as a piano ballad titled \"The Most\", however Bieber decided to send the track to the duo, who transformed the track into electronic dance music, but maintained the original lyrics.", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ Justin Bieber: Never Say Never is a 2011 American 3-D concert film centering on singer Justin Bieber.", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ It was released in the United States on February 11, 2011 and grossed $99 million worldwide.", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ A sequel was released on December 25, 2013, entitled \"Justin Bieber's Believe\".", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ The film follows the pop star Justin Bieber during 10 days counting down to what is considered his biggest performance, that of August 31, 2010 in Madison Square Garden, which sold out in 22 minutes.", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ It shows footage of the performances during this period from his My World Tour.", "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never __knowledge__ It shows excited female fans, and several instances of the \"One Less Lonely Girl\" routine of inviting a girl on stage for him to serenade and give flowers to, and of surprising random girls with free tickets to his concerts.", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ \"Winter Is Coming\" is the first episode of the HBO medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\".", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ It was written by the show creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, in a faithful adaptation of the first chapters of George R. R. Martin's book \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ The episode was directed by Tim Van Patten, redoing the work done by director Tom McCarthy in an unaired pilot.", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ As the first episode of the series, it introduces the setting and the main characters of the show.", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ The episode centers on the Stark family, and how its lord, Eddard Stark, gets involved in the court politics after the king chooses Eddard to replace his recently deceased chief administrator (\"Hand of the King\").", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Andrew Ashton __knowledge__ Andrew Ashton (born 1971 in England) is a book designer and illustrator who has lived in Westcliff on Sea, Southend, in Essex for several years.", "Andrew Ashton __knowledge__ He is a Philosophy graduate (University of London) and joined Mensa International in 1992.", "Andrew Ashton __knowledge__ He began his career in publishing at Kogan Page, the leading UK independent business publisher, in the early nineties.", "Andrew Ashton __knowledge__ At the turn of the 21st century he moved to HarperCollins publishers where he still works.", "Andrew Ashton __knowledge__ He has designed and illustrated books for many different lists and in many different styles from literary flamingo titles to non-fiction bestsellers such as \"Fighter Boys\" by Patrick Bishop.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The following is a list of works based on \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", the series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin wrote three separate novellas set ninety years before the events of the novels.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ These novellas are known as the \"Tales of Dunk and Egg\" after the main protagonists, Ser Duncan the Tall and his squire \"Egg\", the later King Aegon V Targaryen.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The stories have no direct connection to the plot of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", although both characters are mentioned in \"A Storm of Swords\" and \"A Feast For Crows\", respectively.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The novellas were published in short story anthologies: The unfinished series of novellas is to continue to be published in a series of collections entitled \"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\".", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "George R. R. Martin __knowledge__ George Raymond Richard Martin (born George Raymond Martin; September 20, 1948), often referred to as George R. R. Martin, is an American novelist and short-story writer in the fantasy, horror, and science fiction genres, screenwriter, and television producer.", "George R. R. Martin __knowledge__ He is best known for his series of epic fantasy novels, \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", which was later adapted into the HBO series \"Game of Thrones\" (2011–present).", "George R. R. Martin __knowledge__ In 2005, Lev Grossman of \"Time\" called Martin \"the American Tolkien\", and in 2011, he was included on the annual \"Time\" 100 list of the most influential people in the world.", "George R. R. Martin __knowledge__ George Raymond Martin (he later adopted the confirmation name Richard at 13 years old) was born on September 20, 1948, in Bayonne, New Jersey, the son of longshoreman Raymond Collins Martin and his wife Margaret Brady Martin." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "HBO __knowledge__ Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc.", "HBO __knowledge__ Programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with made-for-cable movies and documentaries, boxing matches, and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service (basic or premium) in the United States, having been in operation since November 8, 1972.", "HBO __knowledge__ In 2016, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.93 billion, compared to the US$1.88 billion it accrued in 2015.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016.", "HBO __knowledge__ The network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature, and HBO Family.", "HBO __knowledge__ It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015 and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017.", "HBO __knowledge__ As of July 2015, HBO's programming is available to approximately 36,493,000 households with at least one television set (31.3% of all cable, satellite and telco customers) in the United States (36,013,000 subscribers or 30.9% of all households with pay television service receive at least HBO's primary channel), making it the second largest premium channel in the United States (Encore, owned by Starz Inc., reaches 40.54 million pay television households ).", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ Declan Patrick MacManus (born 25 August 1954), better known by his stage name Elvis Costello, is an English musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ He began his career as part of London's pub rock scene in the early 1970s and later became associated with the first wave of the British punk and new wave movement that emerged in the mid-to-late 1970s.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ His critically acclaimed debut album, \"My Aim Is True\", was released in 1977.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ Shortly after recording it, he formed the Attractions as his backing band.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ His second album, \"This Year's Model\", was released in 1978, and was ranked number 11 by \"Rolling Stone\" on its list of the best albums from 1967–1987.", "Exhale (Shoop Shoop) __knowledge__ \"Exhale (Shoop Shoop)\" is a song by American recording artist Whitney Houston, featured on for the film \"Waiting to Exhale.\"", "Exhale (Shoop Shoop) __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from the soundtrack on November 7, 1995, by Arista Records.", "Exhale (Shoop Shoop) __knowledge__ The song was written and produced by Babyface.", "Exhale (Shoop Shoop) __knowledge__ A mid-tempo R&B ballad, composed in the key of C major, the song's lyrics speaks about growing up and learning to let go.", "Exhale (Shoop Shoop) __knowledge__ The song garnered mostly positive reviews from critics, many of whom noted Houston's vocal maturity in the song.", "Exhale (Shoop Shoop) __knowledge__ In the United States, it became the third single to debut on top of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in \"Billboard\"s history, and Houston's eleventh (and final) number one single.", "George Carlin __knowledge__ George Denis Patrick Carlin (May 12, 1937 – June 22, 2008) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, author, and social critic.", "George Carlin __knowledge__ Carlin was noted for his black comedy and reflections on politics, the English language, psychology, religion, and various taboo subjects.", "George Carlin __knowledge__ He and his \"seven dirty words\" comedy routine were central to the 1978 U.S. Supreme Court case \"F.C.C.", "George Carlin __knowledge__ v. Pacifica Foundation\", in which a 5–4 decision affirmed the government's power to regulate indecent material on the public airwaves.", "George Carlin __knowledge__ He is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential stand-up comics; one newspaper called Carlin \"the dean of counterculture comedians\".", "On the Run Tour: Beyoncé and Jay-Z (TV program) __knowledge__ On the Run Tour: Beyoncé and Jay Z is a 2014 concert special which documents the September 12 and 13, 2014, shows of American singers' Beyoncé and Jay-Z joint co-headlining venture On the Run Tour.", "On the Run Tour: Beyoncé and Jay-Z (TV program) __knowledge__ Filmed at Stade de France in Paris, France, the special was directed by Swedish music video director Jonas Åkerlund and produced by HBO.", "On the Run Tour: Beyoncé and Jay-Z (TV program) __knowledge__ It was broadcast on the channel on September 20, a week after the tour had finished.", "On the Run Tour: Beyoncé and Jay-Z (TV program) __knowledge__ Prior to its airing, various trailers and short clips consisting of footage from the special were shared online.", "On the Run Tour: Beyoncé and Jay-Z (TV program) __knowledge__ A video trilogy was filmed by photographer Dikayl Rimmasch and was scheduled to be released prior to the special's premiere; however, only its first part was posted online and removed from the Internet afterwards.", "Pee-wee Herman __knowledge__ Pee-wee Herman is a comic fictional character created and portrayed by American comedian Paul Reubens.", "Pee-wee Herman __knowledge__ He is best known for his two television series and film series during the 1980s.", "Pee-wee Herman __knowledge__ The childlike Pee-wee Herman character developed as a stage act that quickly led to an HBO special in 1981.", "Pee-wee Herman __knowledge__ As the stage performance gained further popularity, Reubens took the character to motion picture with \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" in 1985, toning down the adult innuendo for the appeal of children.", "Pee-wee Herman __knowledge__ This paved the way for \"Pee-wee's Playhouse\", an Emmy Award-winning children's series that ran on CBS from 1986 to 1991.", "Boyfriend (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ \"Boyfriend\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber, taken from his third studio album \"Believe\" (2012).", "Boyfriend (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Bieber explained that the track would surprise people in different ways, since it is a musical departure from his previous material.", "Boyfriend (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ A snippet of \"Boyfriend\" was previewed on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on March 1, 2012, Bieber's 18th birthday.", "Boyfriend (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The song was announced as a single on the same day, and was released on March 26, 2012.", "Boyfriend (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The cover art was revealed on March 19, 2012.", "Boyfriend (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Boyfriend\" is a R&B influenced song that features pop beats reminiscent of American record producer Pharrell Williams and boy band 'N Sync.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer and songwriter.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, \"My World\", in late 2009.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It was certified platinum in the U.S.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Bieber released his first full-length studio album, \"My World 2.0\", in 2010.", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ It debuted at or near number one in several countries, was certified triple platinum in the U.S., and contained his single \"Baby\".", "Justin Bieber __knowledge__ Following his debut album, he had his first headlining tour, the My World Tour, released the remix albums \"My Worlds Acoustic\" and \"Never Say Never – The Remixes\"—and the 3D biopic-concert film \"\".", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ \"Sorry\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album, \"Purpose\" (2015).", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Written by Bieber, Julia Michaels, Justin Tranter, Sonny Moore, and Michael Tucker; the song was produced by Skrillex and BloodPop.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ It was released on October 23, 2015, as the second single from the album.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ A dancehall-pop and tropical house song, \"Sorry\" contains in its instrumentation \"brassy horn bleats\", warm island rhythms and a dembow riddim beat.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, \"Sorry\" is a plea for a chance to apologize to a lover, with Bieber asking forgiveness and a second chance to redeem himself.", "Sorry (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The song allegedly samples \"Ring The Bell\" by White Hinterland.", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ \"Where Are Ü Now\" is a song produced by American EDM artists Skrillex and Diplo under their collaborative effort Jack Ü, with vocals from Canadian singer Justin Bieber.", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ The song was released as the second single from the duo's debut studio album, \"Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü\" (2015), on their respective labels OWSLA and Mad Decent, and is also included on Bieber's fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015).", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ It was released simultaneously with the album on February 27, 2015, later sent to mainstream radio on April 21, 2015.", "Where Are Ü Now __knowledge__ Initially, a demo was written by Bieber as a piano ballad titled \"The Most\", however Bieber decided to send the track to the duo, who transformed the track into electronic dance music, but maintained the original lyrics.", "Baby (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ \"Baby\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber.", "Baby (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from the latter half of Bieber's debut album, \"My World 2.0\".", "Baby (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The track was written by Bieber with Christopher \"Tricky\" Stewart and Terius \"The-Dream\" Nash, both of whom worked with Bieber on \"One Time\", and also by R&B singer Christina Milian and labelmate, rapper Ludacris.", "Baby (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ It was available for digital download on January 18, 2010.", "Baby (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The song received airplay directly after release, officially impacting mainstream and rhythmic radio on January 26, 2010.", "Baby (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The song is uptempo R&B, blending together dance-pop and hip-hop elements, while using influences of doo-wop music.", "Despacito __knowledge__ \"Despacito\" (; English: \"Slowly\") is a single by Puerto Rican singer Luis Fonsi featuring Puerto Rican rapper Daddy Yankee from Fonsi's upcoming studio album.", "Despacito __knowledge__ On January 12, 2017, Universal Music Latin released \"Despacito\" and its music video, which shows both artists performing the song in La Perla neighborhood of Old San Juan, Puerto Rico and the local bar La Factoría.", "Despacito __knowledge__ The song was written by Fonsi, Erika Ender, and Daddy Yankee, and was produced by Mauricio Rengifo and Andrés Torres.", "Despacito __knowledge__ A remix version featuring Canadian singer Justin Bieber was released on April 17, 2017, which helped to improve the song's chart performance in numerous countries, particularly in the English-speaking world.", "All Around the World (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ \"All Around the World\" is a song by Canadian singer Justin Bieber, from his third studio album, \"Believe\" (2012).", "All Around the World (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ It was written by Bieber, Sir Nolan and Nasri of The Messengers in collaboration with Ludacris, who guest features.", "All Around the World (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ This was the second collaboration between Bieber and Ludacris, having previously collaborated on \"Baby\" (2010).", "All Around the World (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ It was first released on June 4, 2012, as a promotional single from the album.", "All Around the World (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the fourth international single, and the fifth and final US single on February 26, 2013.", "All Around the World (Justin Bieber song) __knowledge__ The Eurodance track features a similar instrumentation to songs by Britney Spears, Chris Brown and Usher." ] ]

[ 1, 20, 25, 46 ]

[ "Yes HBO is a premium cable network that is owned by time warner. I love game of thrones!", "Game of thrones is my favorite. It's an adaption of writer George RR Martin's \"A song of Ice and Fire\"", "Do you like the Justin Bieber song Boyfriend which came out in 2012?", "He is still so young. Born in 1994!" ]

[ "HBO", "HBO", "HBO", "HBO" ]

[ "Freckle\nI think freckles are super cute. I don't have any on my face, but I have a perfect semi circle of them on my arm! Do you have any freckles, and do you know what causes them?", "Oh that's interesting! Is there any reason why some people have lots, and others have none?", "That makes sense, considering they're melaninized skin! Also explains why people who have them get more during summer.", "Indeed! It's good to get some that covers UVA and UVB. I believe one causes aging, whereas the other is a cause of cancer, but can never remember which is which" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are clusters of concentrated melaninized cells which are most easily visible on people with a fair complexion.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles do not have an increased number of the melanin-producing cells, or melanocytes, but instead have melanocytes that overproduce melanin granules (melanosomes) changing the coloration of the outer skin cells (keratinocytes).", "Freckle __knowledge__ As such, freckles are different from lentigines and moles.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The formation of freckles is triggered by exposure to sunlight.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The exposure to UV-B radiation activates melanocytes to increase melanin production, which can cause freckles to become darker and more visible.", "Freckle __knowledge__ This means that one may have never developed freckles before, but after extended exposure to sunlight, they may suddenly appear.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are predominantly found on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun, such as arms or shoulders.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Heavily distributed concentrations of melanin may cause freckles to multiply and cover an entire area of skin, such as the face.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are rare on infants, and more commonly found on children before puberty.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Upon exposure to the sun, freckles will reappear if they have been altered with creams or lasers and not protected from the sun, but do fade with age in some cases.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ The following list describes each of the characters from the popular webseries \"Red vs. Blue\", originally created by Rooster Teeth Productions.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Colonel Sarge is the leader of the Red Team on Blood Gulch.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Matt Hullum, co-creator of the series, and first appeared at the end of .", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a Southern accent.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Sarge is somewhat bloodthirsty, and the only Blood Gulch soldier on either team to actually be serious about war.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ It is mentioned that he has a military background and briefly joined the ODSTs.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ His preferred weapon is a shotgun, which he carries at all times.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a passionate disgust for Grif, demonstrated by his repeated willingness to sacrifice Grif during combat missions as well as how all of his contingency plans are to kill Grif.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: A Jekyll and Hyde-type who fought Captain Marvel Jr. Based on the Nazi Dictator Adolf Hitler.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Führer of Nazi Germany, he was a member of the Monster Society of Evil.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ He ordered the creation of Captain Nazi, and caused many plots against America and its superheroes.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Like his real-life counterpart, he probably committed suicide with his wife when the Allies were advancing to Berlin.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Only appearing in \"Marvel Family\" #27.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Created by a scientist who thinks if everyone in the world was like him there would be no war.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ Freckles is a 1904 novel written by the American writer and naturalist Gene Stratton-Porter.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ It is primarily set in the Limberlost Swamp area of Indiana, with brief scenes set in Chicago.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ The title character also appears briefly in Porter's \"A Girl of the Limberlost\".", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ The novel is marked by its frequent, detailed, and loving descriptions of the flora and fauna of the wilderness through the eyes of its innocent protagonist.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ The hero is an adult orphan, just under twenty years of age, with bright red hair and a freckled complexion.", "Freckles (novel) __knowledge__ His right hand is missing at the wrist, and has been since before he can remember.", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ Freckles and his Friends was an American comic strip set in the peaceful small town of Shadyside where young Freckles McGoosey and his friends lived.", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ Although the long-running strip, created by Merrill Blosser, is remembered for its continuing storyline involving a group of teenagers, it originally featured a child at the age of six or seven in gag-a-day situations.", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ Illustrated by Blosser and later by Henry Formhals (1908-1981), \"Freckles and His Friends\" was ghostwritten by Fred Fox (1903-1981).", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ A gagwriter for Groucho Marx and Judy Canova, Fox scripted for radio, television and films.", "Freckles and His Friends __knowledge__ Widely syndicated by Newspaper Enterprise Association, \"Freckles and His Friends\" had a long run through much of the 20th Century.", "Freckles Comes Home __knowledge__ Freckles Comes Home is a 1942 American film directed by Jean Yarbrough based on the novel by Jeannette Stratton-Porter that was a sequel to \"Freckles\" by her mother Gene Stratton-Porter.", "Freckles Comes Home __knowledge__ Freckles Winslow (Johnny Downs) is on his way home from college.", "Freckles Comes Home __knowledge__ On the bus he encounters a crook, \"Muggsy\" Dolan who calls himself Jack Leach (Walter Sande).", "Freckles Comes Home __knowledge__ Jack is on the run from the law, and is looking for a safe place to hide.", "Freckles Comes Home __knowledge__ The two men come to talking and Freckles mentions his serene home town to Jack, having only good things to say about it.", "Freckles Comes Home __knowledge__ Jack decides to tag along and take his refuge in Freckles home town.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are clusters of concentrated melaninized cells which are most easily visible on people with a fair complexion.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles do not have an increased number of the melanin-producing cells, or melanocytes, but instead have melanocytes that overproduce melanin granules (melanosomes) changing the coloration of the outer skin cells (keratinocytes).", "Freckle __knowledge__ As such, freckles are different from lentigines and moles.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The formation of freckles is triggered by exposure to sunlight.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The exposure to UV-B radiation activates melanocytes to increase melanin production, which can cause freckles to become darker and more visible.", "Freckle __knowledge__ This means that one may have never developed freckles before, but after extended exposure to sunlight, they may suddenly appear.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are predominantly found on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun, such as arms or shoulders.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Heavily distributed concentrations of melanin may cause freckles to multiply and cover an entire area of skin, such as the face.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are rare on infants, and more commonly found on children before puberty.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Upon exposure to the sun, freckles will reappear if they have been altered with creams or lasers and not protected from the sun, but do fade with age in some cases.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ The Commissioners' Plan of 1811 was the original design for the streets of Manhattan above Houston Street and below 155th Street, which put in place the rectangular grid plan of streets and lots that has defined Manhattan to this day.", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ It has been called \"the single most important document in New York City's development,\" and the plan has been described as encompassing the \"republican predilection for control and balance ... [and] distrust of nature.\"", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ It was described by the Commission that created it as combining \"beauty, order and convenience.\"", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ The plan originated when the Common Council of New York City, seeking to provide for the orderly development and sale of the land of Manhattan between 14th Street and Washington Heights, but unable to do so itself for reasons of local politics and objections from property owners, asked the New York State Legislature to step in.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ There is also a four-episode OVA sequel.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ \"Anime Midstream\", Inc. announced in December, 2008, that it acquired the license for and planned to release the anime series Matchless Raijin-Oh in the U.S. sometime in 2009 as their first anime release.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The company began selling the first volume of the series direct from their website, as well as several other online retailers as of late December, 2009.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The first volume contained episodes 1-5.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The second volume, containing episodes 6-10, was released in September 2010, and translated the title beginning with this volume (and current printings of the first volume are now also marketed under that title).", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean female mountaineer.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ She is the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ On April 27, 2010, she reached the Annapurna summit.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh claimed she had climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat, but her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun later admitted that she had to stop a few hundred meters before the Kangchenjunga summit — therefore the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that Oh did not climb that peak, and the mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered that Edurne Pasaban is the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Julius Hegyi __knowledge__ Julius Hegyi (February 2, 1923 – January 1, 2007) was an American conductor and violinist.", "Julius Hegyi __knowledge__ He spent his lifetime building orchestras, founding chamber music groups and instilling a passion for music in young and old alike.", "Julius Hegyi __knowledge__ His belief in contemporary music, especially American music, as conductor, violinist and mentor, brought compelling listening experiences to his audiences.", "Julius Hegyi __knowledge__ Hegyi was well known for his expert grasp of European repertoire, routinely giving commanding performances of Beethoven and Brahms, for example.", "Julius Hegyi __knowledge__ Hegyi was an active proponent of American music, with concerts devoted to world premieres of many composers.", "Gyula Hegyi __knowledge__ Gyula Hegyi (born 30 April 1951 in Békéscsaba) is a Hungarian politician and a former Member of the European Parliament for the Hungarian Socialist Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.", "Gyula Hegyi __knowledge__ Gyula Hegyi was born on 30 April 1951 in Békéscsaba.", "Gyula Hegyi __knowledge__ He was studying in the Budapest University of Technology, from where he graduated in 1975.", "Gyula Hegyi __knowledge__ Two years later he also finished the school of the Association of Hungarian Journalists (MÚOSZ) in 1975.", "Gyula Hegyi __knowledge__ He was working for the culture and the 'comment' section of the Hungarian newspaper, Magyar Hírlap.", "Gyula Hegyi __knowledge__ He published some thousand articles on culture and politics in Hungarian dailies and weeklies and he also wrote nine books: three collections of verses, six collections of essays and other articles.", "Rhinoplasty __knowledge__ Rhinoplasty (, nose + , to shape), commonly known as a nose job, is a plastic surgery procedure for correcting and reconstructing the form, restoring the functions, and aesthetically enhancing the nose by resolving nasal trauma (blunt, penetrating, blast), congenital defect, respiratory impediment, or a failed primary rhinoplasty.", "Rhinoplasty __knowledge__ Most patients ask to remove a bump, narrow nostril width, change the angle between the nose and the mouth, as well as correct injuries, birth defects, or other problems that affect breathing, such as deviated nasal septum or a sinus condition.", "Rhinoplasty __knowledge__ In the surgeries—closed rhinoplasty and open rhinoplasty—an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat specialist), a maxillofacial surgeon (jaw, face, and neck specialist), or a plastic surgeon creates a functional, aesthetic, and facially proportionate nose by separating the nasal skin and the soft tissues from the osseo-cartilaginous nasal framework, correcting them as required for form and function, suturing the incisions, using tissue glue and applying either a package or a stent, or both, to immobilize the corrected nose to ensure the proper healing of the surgical incision.", "Taa language __knowledge__ Taa , also known as ǃXóõ (ǃKhong, ǃXoon – , ), is a Tuu language notable for its large number of phonemes, perhaps the largest in the world.", "Taa language __knowledge__ Most speakers live in Botswana, but a few hundred live in Namibia.", "Taa language __knowledge__ The people call themselves ǃXoon (pl.", "Taa language __knowledge__ ǃXooŋake) or ʼNǀohan (pl.", "Taa language __knowledge__ Nǀumde), depending on the dialect they speak.", "Taa language __knowledge__ The Tuu languages are one of the three traditional language families that make up the Khoisan languages.", "Taa language __knowledge__ \"Taa\" is the word for 'human being'; the local name of the language is \"Taa ǂaan\", from \"ǂaan\" 'language'.", "Taa language __knowledge__ \"ǃXoon\" (ǃXóõ) is an ethnonym used at opposite ends of the Taa-speaking area, but not by Taa speakers in between.", "Ernst Hilger __knowledge__ Ernst Hilger a curator as well as the owner and founder of Hilger modern/contemporary and Hilger BrotKunsthalle.", "Ernst Hilger __knowledge__ A gallery owner and a philanthropist mediator, Hilger travels the world in search of new art while also providing a platform for established artists.", "Ernst Hilger __knowledge__ He has championed the less well-known contemporary art of countries like Iran and continents such as Latin America and Africa.", "Ernst Hilger __knowledge__ Hilger makes decisions on exhibiting based on his extensive knowledge of the international art market and also his on site researches in the art hotspots in the cities he visits.", "Ernst Hilger __knowledge__ Ernst Hilger was born on 28 February 1950 in Vienna.", "Aloud __knowledge__ Aloud is an American indie rock band known for its songwriting and vocal prowess, as well as using a two lead singer approach.", "Aloud __knowledge__ Founded in 2002 by Jen de la Osa (lead vocals, guitar, keys) and Henry Beguiristain (lead vocals, guitar, keys) in Boston, Massachusetts, the group is rounded out by bassist/backing vocalist Charles Murphy and drummer Chuck Ferreira.", "Aloud __knowledge__ From 2006, Aloud released music under the Lemon Merchant Records label.", "Aloud __knowledge__ Their fourth studio album, \"It's Got To Be Now\", was released by Mother West in 2013.", "Aloud __knowledge__ Aloud is currently completing their fifth studio album with producer Benny Grotto.", "Sexepil __knowledge__ Sexepil is a Hungarian indie-alternative rock band based in Budapest, Hungary.", "Sexepil __knowledge__ The band was formed by Zoltán Hegyi, Viktor László, Tamás Kocsis, and Tibor Vangel in 1984.", "Sexepil __knowledge__ Sexepil was originally written as Sex-E-Pil and it is a portmanteau of the English punk band, Sex Pistols and the abbreviation of Johnny Rotten's Public Image Ltd. Sexepil were formed in 1984 in Budapest, Hungary, on the ruins of notorious punk band ETA (Kocsis, László) and art rock formation ZOO (Hegyi, Vangel).", "Sexepil __knowledge__ Within virtually a few months after their first gig the band achieved cult status, playing for packed houses every weekend around the Hungarian capital's famous clubs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are clusters of concentrated melaninized cells which are most easily visible on people with a fair complexion.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles do not have an increased number of the melanin-producing cells, or melanocytes, but instead have melanocytes that overproduce melanin granules (melanosomes) changing the coloration of the outer skin cells (keratinocytes).", "Freckle __knowledge__ As such, freckles are different from lentigines and moles.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The formation of freckles is triggered by exposure to sunlight.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The exposure to UV-B radiation activates melanocytes to increase melanin production, which can cause freckles to become darker and more visible.", "Freckle __knowledge__ This means that one may have never developed freckles before, but after extended exposure to sunlight, they may suddenly appear.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are predominantly found on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun, such as arms or shoulders.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Heavily distributed concentrations of melanin may cause freckles to multiply and cover an entire area of skin, such as the face.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are rare on infants, and more commonly found on children before puberty.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Upon exposure to the sun, freckles will reappear if they have been altered with creams or lasers and not protected from the sun, but do fade with age in some cases.", "Julius Hegyi __knowledge__ Julius Hegyi (February 2, 1923 – January 1, 2007) was an American conductor and violinist.", "Julius Hegyi __knowledge__ He spent his lifetime building orchestras, founding chamber music groups and instilling a passion for music in young and old alike.", "Julius Hegyi __knowledge__ His belief in contemporary music, especially American music, as conductor, violinist and mentor, brought compelling listening experiences to his audiences.", "Julius Hegyi __knowledge__ Hegyi was well known for his expert grasp of European repertoire, routinely giving commanding performances of Beethoven and Brahms, for example.", "Julius Hegyi __knowledge__ Hegyi was an active proponent of American music, with concerts devoted to world premieres of many composers.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Gyula Hegyi __knowledge__ Gyula Hegyi (born 30 April 1951 in Békéscsaba) is a Hungarian politician and a former Member of the European Parliament for the Hungarian Socialist Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.", "Gyula Hegyi __knowledge__ Gyula Hegyi was born on 30 April 1951 in Békéscsaba.", "Gyula Hegyi __knowledge__ He was studying in the Budapest University of Technology, from where he graduated in 1975.", "Gyula Hegyi __knowledge__ Two years later he also finished the school of the Association of Hungarian Journalists (MÚOSZ) in 1975.", "Gyula Hegyi __knowledge__ He was working for the culture and the 'comment' section of the Hungarian newspaper, Magyar Hírlap.", "Gyula Hegyi __knowledge__ He published some thousand articles on culture and politics in Hungarian dailies and weeklies and he also wrote nine books: three collections of verses, six collections of essays and other articles.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ There are many varieties of criticism.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ This article describes common types that occur regularly in everyday life.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For other criteria that classify criticisms, see this page.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For more subject-specific information, see the pages on topics such as art, film, literature, theatre, or architecture.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Aesthetic criticism is a part of aesthetics concerned with critically judging beauty and ugliness, tastefulness and tastelessness, style and fashion, meaning and quality of design—and issues of human sentiment and affect (the evoking of pleasure and pain, likes and dislikes).", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Most parts of human life have an aesthetic dimension, which means there is plenty potential for criticism.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Mega64 episodes __knowledge__ \"Mega64\" was a DVD-exclusive series released from 2004 to 2010.", "List of Mega64 episodes __knowledge__ The show has a story that is based around the characters playing video games in real life.", "List of Mega64 episodes __knowledge__ The \"real\" video games are usually just the characters out in public acting out the video game.", "List of Mega64 episodes __knowledge__ The show begins in the apartment of Dr. Poque, an ex-video game programmer turned mad scientist who claims to have created the \"greatest thing to happen to video gaming since \"Bubble Bobble\"\".", "List of Mega64 episodes __knowledge__ He calls it the Mega64, a revolutionary system that uses virtual reality helmets to download any video game into the user's brain and memories.", "List of Mega64 episodes __knowledge__ It also plays movies, sends faxes, does advanced probability calculations, and has a spacious storage compartment.", "Ernst Hilger __knowledge__ Ernst Hilger a curator as well as the owner and founder of Hilger modern/contemporary and Hilger BrotKunsthalle.", "Ernst Hilger __knowledge__ A gallery owner and a philanthropist mediator, Hilger travels the world in search of new art while also providing a platform for established artists.", "Ernst Hilger __knowledge__ He has championed the less well-known contemporary art of countries like Iran and continents such as Latin America and Africa.", "Ernst Hilger __knowledge__ Hilger makes decisions on exhibiting based on his extensive knowledge of the international art market and also his on site researches in the art hotspots in the cities he visits.", "Ernst Hilger __knowledge__ Ernst Hilger was born on 28 February 1950 in Vienna.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ UV radiation constitutes about 10% of the total light output of the Sun, and is thus present in sunlight.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Although it's not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Consequently, the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ The electromagnetic spectrum covers electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from below one hertz to above 10 hertz, corresponding to wavelengths from thousands of kilometers down to a fraction of the size of an atomic nucleus.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ This frequency range is divided into separate bands, and the electromagnetic waves within each frequency band are called by different names; beginning at the low frequency (long wavelength) end of the spectrum these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays at the high-frequency (short wavelength) end.", "Photoaging __knowledge__ Photoaging or photoageing (also known as \"dermatoheliosis\") is a term used for the characteristic changes to skin induced by chronic UVA and UVB exposure.", "Photoaging __knowledge__ Tretinoin is the best studied retinoid in the treatment of photoaging The deterioration of biological functions and ability to manage metabolic stress is one of the major consequences of the aging process.", "Photoaging __knowledge__ Aging is a complex, progressive process that leads to functional and esthetic changes in the skin.", "Photoaging __knowledge__ This process can result from both intrinsic (i.e., genetically determined) as well as extrinsic processes (i.e., environmental factors).", "Photoaging __knowledge__ Photoaging is attributed to continuous, long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation of approximately 300–400 nm, either natural or synthetic, on an intrinsically aged skin.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Sunscreen, also known as sunblock and suntan lotion, is a lotion, spray, gel or other topical product that absorbs or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thus helps protect against sunburn.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Diligent use of sunscreen can also slow or temporarily prevent the development of wrinkles and sagging skin.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Depending on the mode of action, sunscreens can be classified into physical sunscreens (i.e., those that reflect the sunlight) or chemical sunscreens (i.e., those that absorb the UV light).", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Medical organizations such as the American Cancer Society recommend the use of sunscreen because it aids in the prevention of squamous cell carcinomas.", "Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation __knowledge__ Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV-C) light to kill or inactivate microorganisms by destroying nucleic acids and disrupting their DNA, leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions.", "Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation __knowledge__ UVGI is used in a variety of applications, such as food, air, and water purification.", "Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation __knowledge__ UV-C light is weak at the Earth's surface as the ozone layer of the atmosphere blocks it.", "Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation __knowledge__ UVGI devices can produce strong enough UV-C light in circulating air or water systems to make them inhospitable environments to microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, molds and other pathogens.", "Ozone __knowledge__ Ozone , or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula .", "Ozone __knowledge__ It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell.", "Ozone __knowledge__ It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope , breaking down in the lower atmosphere to or dioxygen.", "Ozone __knowledge__ Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet light and also atmospheric electrical discharges, and is present in very low concentrations throughout the Earth's atmosphere (stratosphere).", "Ozone __knowledge__ Its concentration is highest in the ozone layer region of the atmosphere, which absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.", "Tanning dependence __knowledge__ Tanning dependence is a syndrome where an individual appears to have a physical or psychological dependence on sunbathing or the use of ultraviolet (UV) tanning beds.", "Tanning dependence __knowledge__ Compulsive tanning may satisfy the definition of a behavioral addiction as well.", "Tanning dependence __knowledge__ Tanning dependence may have a physiological basis involving endogenous opioids.", "Tanning dependence __knowledge__ There is evidence that UV exposure produces beta-endorphin in the epidermis and conflicting evidence of this opioid being released into the blood system, a pathway to the brain.", "Tanning dependence __knowledge__ A small study also found the opioid antagonist naltrexone reduced preference for UV tanning beds and at higher doses produced withdraw symptoms in frequent tanners." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are clusters of concentrated melaninized cells which are most easily visible on people with a fair complexion.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles do not have an increased number of the melanin-producing cells, or melanocytes, but instead have melanocytes that overproduce melanin granules (melanosomes) changing the coloration of the outer skin cells (keratinocytes).", "Freckle __knowledge__ As such, freckles are different from lentigines and moles.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The formation of freckles is triggered by exposure to sunlight.", "Freckle __knowledge__ The exposure to UV-B radiation activates melanocytes to increase melanin production, which can cause freckles to become darker and more visible.", "Freckle __knowledge__ This means that one may have never developed freckles before, but after extended exposure to sunlight, they may suddenly appear.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are predominantly found on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun, such as arms or shoulders.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Heavily distributed concentrations of melanin may cause freckles to multiply and cover an entire area of skin, such as the face.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Freckles are rare on infants, and more commonly found on children before puberty.", "Freckle __knowledge__ Upon exposure to the sun, freckles will reappear if they have been altered with creams or lasers and not protected from the sun, but do fade with age in some cases.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ UV radiation constitutes about 10% of the total light output of the Sun, and is thus present in sunlight.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Although it's not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Consequently, the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules.", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ Indoor tanning involves using a device that emits ultraviolet radiation to produce a cosmetic tan.", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ Typically found in tanning salons, gyms, spas, hotels, and sporting facilities, and less often in private residences, the most common device is a horizontal tanning bed, also known as a sunbed or solarium.", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ Vertical devices are known as tanning booths or stand-up sunbeds.", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ First introduced in the 1920s, indoor tanning became popular with white people in the Western world, particularly in Scandinavia, in the late 1970s.", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ The practice finds a cultural parallel in skin whitening in Asian countries, and both support multibillion-dollar industries.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Sunscreen, also known as sunblock and suntan lotion, is a lotion, spray, gel or other topical product that absorbs or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thus helps protect against sunburn.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Diligent use of sunscreen can also slow or temporarily prevent the development of wrinkles and sagging skin.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Depending on the mode of action, sunscreens can be classified into physical sunscreens (i.e., those that reflect the sunlight) or chemical sunscreens (i.e., those that absorb the UV light).", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Medical organizations such as the American Cancer Society recommend the use of sunscreen because it aids in the prevention of squamous cell carcinomas.", "Sun tanning __knowledge__ Sun tanning or simply tanning is the process whereby skin color is darkened or tanned.", "Sun tanning __knowledge__ It is most often a result of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or from artificial sources, such as a tanning lamp found in indoor tanning beds.", "Sun tanning __knowledge__ People who deliberately tan their skin by exposure to the sun engage in a passive recreational activity of sun bathing.", "Sun tanning __knowledge__ Some people use chemical products which can produce a tanning effect without exposure to ultraviolet radiation, known as sunless tanning.", "Sun tanning __knowledge__ Moderate exposure to the sun contributes to the production of melanin and vitamin D by the body, but excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays has negative health effects, including sunburn and increased risk of skin cancer, as well as depressed immune system function and accelerated aging of the skin.", "Ozone depletion __knowledge__ Ozone depletion describes two related phenomena observed since the late 1970s: a steady decline of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's stratosphere (the ozone layer), and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone around Earth's polar regions.", "Ozone depletion __knowledge__ The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole.", "Ozone depletion __knowledge__ There are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events in addition to these stratospheric phenomena.", "Ozone depletion __knowledge__ The main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole is man-made chemicals, especially man-made halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and foam-blowing agents (chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs), HCFCs, halons), referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS).", "Melanoma __knowledge__ Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ Melanomas typically occur in the skin, but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ In women, they most commonly occur on the legs, while in men they are most common on the back.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ Sometimes they develop from a mole with concerning changes including an increase in size, irregular edges, change in color, itchiness, or skin breakdown.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ The primary cause of melanoma is ultraviolet light (UV) exposure in those with low levels of skin pigment.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ The UV light may be from either the sun or from other sources, such as tanning devices.", "Tanning lamp __knowledge__ Tanning lamps (sometimes called tanning bulbs in the United States or tanning tubes in Europe) are the part of a tanning bed, booth or other tanning device which produces ultraviolet light responsible for tanning.", "Tanning lamp __knowledge__ There are hundreds of different kinds of tanning lamps most of which can be classified in two basic groups: low pressure and high pressure.", "Tanning lamp __knowledge__ Within the industry, it is common to call high-pressure units \"bulbs\" and low-pressure units \"lamps\", although there are many exceptions and not everyone follows this example.", "Tanning lamp __knowledge__ This is likely due to the size of the unit, rather than the type.", "Tanning lamp __knowledge__ Both types require an oxygen free environment inside the lamp.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Sunburn is a form of radiation burn that affects living tissue, such as skin, that results from an overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, commonly from the sun.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Common symptoms in humans and other animals include red or reddish skin that is hot to the touch, pain, general fatigue, and mild dizziness.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ An excess of UV radiation can be life-threatening in extreme cases.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Exposure of the skin to lesser amounts of UV radiation will often produce a suntan.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Excessive UV radiation is the leading cause of primarily non-malignant skin tumors.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Sunscreen is widely agreed to prevent sunburn and some types of skin cancer.", "Health effects of sunlight exposure __knowledge__ The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight has both positive and negative health effects, as it is both a principal source of vitamin D and a mutagen.", "Health effects of sunlight exposure __knowledge__ A dietary supplement can supply vitamin D without this mutagenic effect.", "Health effects of sunlight exposure __knowledge__ Vitamin D has a wide range of positive health effects, which include strengthening bones and possibly inhibiting the growth of some cancers.", "Health effects of sunlight exposure __knowledge__ UV exposure also has positive effects for endorphin levels, and possibly for protection against multiple sclerosis.", "Health effects of sunlight exposure __knowledge__ Visible sunlight to the eyes gives health benefits through its association with the timing of melatonin synthesis, maintenance of normal and robust circadian rhythms, and reduced risk of seasonal affective disorder.", "Skin cancer __knowledge__ Skin cancers are cancers that arise from the skin.", "Skin cancer __knowledge__ They are due to the development of abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body.", "Skin cancer __knowledge__ There are three main types of skin cancers: basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) and melanoma.", "Skin cancer __knowledge__ The first two, along with a number of less common skin cancers, are known as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).", "Skin cancer __knowledge__ Basal-cell cancer grows slowly and can damage the tissue around it but is unlikely to spread to distant areas or result in death.", "Skin cancer __knowledge__ It often appears as a painless raised area of skin, that may be shiny with small blood vessel running over it or may present as a raised area with an ulcer." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 60, 24 ]

[ "I have very faint ones on my nose. They are actually clusters of melaninized skin. ", "Just that people who have a fair complexion will have more. You get them also from being exposed to UV rays.", "That's why it's important to use sunscreen when being out in the sun. It reflects the sun's ultraviolet radiation.", "I'm not sure but The American Cancer Society recommends sunscreen because it can prevent squamous cell carcinomas." ]

[ "Freckle", "Freckle", "Freckle", "Freckle" ]

[ "Parisian café\nI really want to visit a Parisian cafe! How about you?", "I bet there is a lit of history surrounding the cafes, right?", "Our the US cafes based on the ones in Paris?", "Really! What do they serve if not coffee?", "Oh! I had no idea! I imagine they are not chains but individually owned, right?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Parisian cafés serve as a center of social and culinary life in Paris.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ They have been around since the 17th century, and serve as the meeting place, neighborhood hub, conversation matrix, rendez-vous spot, and networking source, a place to relax or to refuel - the social and political pulse of the city.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Parisian cafés show the Parisian way of sitting undisturbed for a couple of hours, watching things happening and people going by.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Typical Paris cafés are not coffee shops.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ They generally come with a complete kitchen offering a restaurant menu with meals for any time of the day, a full bar and even a wine selection.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Among the drinks customarily served are the \"grande crème\" (large cup of white coffee), wine by the glass, beer (\"un demi\", half a pint, or \"une pression\", a glass of draught beer), \"un pastis\" (made with aniseed flavour spirit), and \"un espresso\" (a small cup of black coffee).", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Drinking at the bar is cheaper than doing so at one of the tables.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ The café sometimes doubles as a \"bureau de tabac\", a tobacco shop that sells a wide variety of merchandise, including metro tickets and prepaid phone cards.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Some of the most recognizable Paris cafés include Café de la Paix, Les Deux Magots, Café de Flore, Café de la Rotonde, La Coupole, Le Fouquet's, Le Deauville, as well as a new wave represented by Café Beaubourg and Drugstore Publicis.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ All I Really Want to Do is the debut solo studio album by American singer-actress Cher and was released on October 16, 1965, by Imperial Records.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ The album was produced for Cher by her then husband and singing partner, Sonny Bono, with contributions from arranger Harold Battiste.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ The album is by-and-large a collection of cover versions but does contain three songs written by Bono.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ Upon its release, the album was well received by critics and garnered positive reviews.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ At the same time that the duo Sonny & Cher were debuting on Atco Records, Sonny Bono arranged a solo deal for Cher on the Imperial label.", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ \"All I Really Want to Do\" is a song written by Bob Dylan and featured on his Tom Wilson-produced 1964 album, \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\" (\"see\" 1964 in music).", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ It is arguably one of the most popular songs that Dylan wrote in the period immediately after he abandoned topical songwriting.", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ Within a year of its release on \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\", it had also become one of Dylan's most familiar songs to pop and rock audiences, due to hit cover versions by Cher and the Byrds.", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ \"All I Really Want to Do\" was first released on Dylan's 1964 album \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\".", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ The song was also included on the Dylan compilations \"Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol.", "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me __knowledge__ \"Do You Really Want to Hurt Me\" is a song written and recorded by the British new wave band Culture Club.", "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me __knowledge__ Released as a single in September 1982 from the group's platinum-selling debut album \"Kissing to Be Clever\", it was the band's first UK #1 hit.", "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me __knowledge__ In the United States, the single was released in November 1982 and also became a huge hit, reaching #2 for three weeks.", "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me __knowledge__ \"Do You Really Want to Hurt Me\" was the third single released in Europe by Culture Club and their debut release in the United States and Canada.", "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me __knowledge__ The song was picked up by BBC Radio 2 and became a UK #1 single for three weeks in October 1982.", "Corporate average fuel economy __knowledge__ The Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards are regulations in the United States, first enacted by the United States Congress in 1975, after the 1973-74 Arab Oil Embargo, to improve the average fuel economy of cars and light trucks (trucks, vans and sport utility vehicles) produced for sale in the United States.", "Corporate average fuel economy __knowledge__ The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), as amended by the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA), requires that the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) establish standards separately for passenger automobiles (passenger cars) and nonpassenger automobiles (light trucks) at the maximum feasible levels in each model year, and requires that DOT enforce compliance with the standards.", "Mr. Tambourine Man (album) __knowledge__ Mr. Tambourine Man is the debut album by the American folk rock band the Byrds and was released in June 1965 on Columbia Records (\"see\" 1965 in music).", "Mr. Tambourine Man (album) __knowledge__ The album, along with the single of the same name, established the band as an internationally successful rock act and was also influential in originating the musical style known as folk rock.", "Mr. Tambourine Man (album) __knowledge__ The term \"folk rock\" was, in fact, first coined by the U.S. music press to describe the band's sound in mid-1965, at around the same time that the \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" single reached the top of the \"Billboard\" chart.", "Mr. Tambourine Man (album) __knowledge__ The single and album also represented the first effective American challenge to the dominance of The Beatles and the British Invasion during the mid-1960s.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ The city of Paris has been an important center for European music since the Middle Ages.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ It was noted for its choral music in the 12th century, for its role in the development of ballet during the Renaissance, in the 19th century it became famous for its music halls and cabarets, and in the 20th century for the first performances of the Ballets Russes, its jazz clubs, and its part in the development of serial music.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ Paris has been home to many important composers, to name a few: Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Niccolò Piccinni, Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Jacques Offenbach, Georges Bizet, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Hector Berlioz, Paul Dukas, Gabriel Fauré, César Franck, Charles Gounod, Jules Massenet, Vincent d'Indy, Camille Saint-Saëns, Erik Satie, Igor Stravinsky, Sidney Bechet...", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Parisian cafés serve as a center of social and culinary life in Paris.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ They have been around since the 17th century, and serve as the meeting place, neighborhood hub, conversation matrix, rendez-vous spot, and networking source, a place to relax or to refuel - the social and political pulse of the city.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Parisian cafés show the Parisian way of sitting undisturbed for a couple of hours, watching things happening and people going by.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Typical Paris cafés are not coffee shops.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ They generally come with a complete kitchen offering a restaurant menu with meals for any time of the day, a full bar and even a wine selection.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Among the drinks customarily served are the \"grande crème\" (large cup of white coffee), wine by the glass, beer (\"un demi\", half a pint, or \"une pression\", a glass of draught beer), \"un pastis\" (made with aniseed flavour spirit), and \"un espresso\" (a small cup of black coffee).", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Drinking at the bar is cheaper than doing so at one of the tables.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ The café sometimes doubles as a \"bureau de tabac\", a tobacco shop that sells a wide variety of merchandise, including metro tickets and prepaid phone cards.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Some of the most recognizable Paris cafés include Café de la Paix, Les Deux Magots, Café de Flore, Café de la Rotonde, La Coupole, Le Fouquet's, Le Deauville, as well as a new wave represented by Café Beaubourg and Drugstore Publicis.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "List of smoking bans __knowledge__ This is a list of smoking bans by country.", "List of smoking bans __knowledge__ Smoking bans are public policies, including criminal laws and occupational safety and health regulations, which prohibit tobacco smoking in workplaces and/or other public spaces.", "List of smoking bans __knowledge__ Legislation may also, in some cases, restrict the carrying or possessing of any lit tobacco product.", "List of smoking bans __knowledge__ A law came into effect on 30 May 2007 restricting smoking in closed public areas and outlawing the advertisement of tobacco, although the measure was reportedly poorly enforced in the country until 2013.", "List of smoking bans __knowledge__ From 2013 law enforcement has been implemented, and smoking is strictly forbidden in closed public areas, including bars, pubs, restaurants etc.", "Roulette __knowledge__ Roulette is a casino game named after the French word meaning \"little wheel\".", "Roulette __knowledge__ In the game, players may choose to place bets on either a single number, various groupings of numbers, the colors red or black, whether the number is odd or even, or if the numbers are high (19–36) or low (1–18).", "Roulette __knowledge__ Interestingly, the sum of all the numbers on the roulette wheel (from 0 to 36) is 666, which is the \"Number of the Beast\".", "Roulette __knowledge__ One legend says that François Blanc made a deal with the devil to obtain the secrets of roulette.", "Roulette __knowledge__ To determine the winning number and color, a croupier spins a wheel in one direction, then spins a ball in the opposite direction around a tilted circular track running around the circumference of the wheel.", "BET __knowledge__ Black Entertainment Television (BET, stylised as BET⭐️) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the BET Networks division of Viacom.", "BET __knowledge__ It is the most prominent television network targeting African American audiences, with approximately 88,255,000 American households (75.8% of households with television) receiving the channel.", "BET __knowledge__ The channel has offices in Washington, D.C., New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago.", "BET __knowledge__ Programming on the network consists of original and acquired television series and theatrically and direct-to-video-released films.", "BET __knowledge__ The network has also aired a variety of stand-up comedy, news, and current affairs programs, and formerly aired mainstream rap, hip-hop and R&B music videos; the latter of which now air on its branded sister networks.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Teen patti (, meaning 'three cards' in English) (also known as flash or flush) is a gambling card game that originated in the Indian Subcontinent.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The game, which is actually a simplified version of poker, is popular throughout South Asia.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Boats out of India call it \"flush\" to escape any legal negativity surrounding the game where it is played legally.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The game starts with one of the players dealing the cards.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ The cards are usually dealt counter-clockwise.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Before starting the game, usually an agreed number of card(s) is/are picked or dealt to decide the dealer for the opening hand.", "Teen patti __knowledge__ Each player may be required to put up an ante into the pot before picking/dealing the card(s).", "Paris under Napoleon __knowledge__ First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte moved into the Tuileries Palace on 19 February 1800 and immediately began to re-establish calm and order after the years of uncertainty and terror of the Revolution.", "Paris under Napoleon __knowledge__ He made peace with the Catholic church; masses were held again in the Cathedral of Notre Dame, priests were allowed to wear ecclesiastical clothing again, and churches to ring their bells.", "Paris under Napoleon __knowledge__ To re-establish order in the unruly city, he abolished the elected position of the Mayor of Paris, and replaced it with a Prefect of the Seine and a Prefect of Police, both appointed by him.", "Paris under Napoleon __knowledge__ Each of the twelve arrondissements had its own mayor, but their power was limited to enforcing the decrees of Napoleon's ministers.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Baron Ambrosia __knowledge__ Baron Ambrosia is the alter ego of Bronx-based underground filmmaker Justin Fornal.", "Baron Ambrosia __knowledge__ The character is a self-proclaimed \"quaffer of culinary consciousness\" and travels around New York City, mostly in The Bronx, documenting various ethnic cultures and their indigenous cuisines, represented typically by the small food establishments (including restaurants, food trucks, street vendors, and grocery stores) he visits.", "Baron Ambrosia __knowledge__ Baron Ambrosia appeared in Fornal's self-produced video podcast \"Underbelly NYC\", the public-access television cable TV channel BronxNet's \"Bronx Flavor\", and \"The Culinary Adventures of Baron Ambrosia\" on the Cooking Channel.", "Christopher Mangum __knowledge__ Christopher Mangum, known as the “Painter of Chefs”, is a contemporary oil painter who lives in San Diego, California.", "Christopher Mangum __knowledge__ His artwork encompasses the culinary arts and viticulture which has sparked the interest of foodies nationwide.", "Christopher Mangum __knowledge__ He gains inspiration for his paintings by visiting the kitchens of many renowned chefs, such as Charlie Trotter (Check out \"Selected Works\" below to see who else Christopher M. has painted).", "Christopher Mangum __knowledge__ His career is still in its early stages, but this artist has already gained a promising following of collectors.", "Christopher Mangum __knowledge__ While a senior in high school, Mangum won an art competition that granted him a semester scholarship to art school.", "Beauford Delaney __knowledge__ Beauford Delaney (December 30, 1901 – March 26, 1979) was an American modernist painter.", "Beauford Delaney __knowledge__ He is remembered for his work with the Harlem Renaissance in the 1930s and 1940s, as well as his later works in abstract expressionism following his move to Paris in the 1950s.", "Beauford Delaney __knowledge__ Beauford's younger brother, Joseph, was also a noted painter.", "Beauford Delaney __knowledge__ Beauford Delaney was born December 30, 1901 in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America.", "Beauford Delaney __knowledge__ Delaney's parents were prominent and respected members of Knoxville's black community.", "Beauford Delaney __knowledge__ His father Samuel was both a barber and a Methodist minister.", "Beauford Delaney __knowledge__ His mother Delia was also prominent in the church, and earned a living taking in laundry and cleaning the houses of prosperous local whites.", "Okryu-gwan __knowledge__ Okryu-gwan or Okryu Restaurant is a restaurant in Pyongyang, North Korea, founded in 1960.", "Okryu-gwan __knowledge__ North Korea analyst Andrei Lankov describes it as one of two restaurants—the other being Ch'ongryugwan—which have \"defined the culinary life of Pyongyang\" since the 1980s, and a \"living museum of culinary art\".", "Okryu-gwan __knowledge__ Okryu-gwan is located on the bank of the Taedong River, between Moran Hill and the Okryu Bridge.", "Okryu-gwan __knowledge__ It is a large building, and can seat up to 2,000 patrons, which Lankov described as reflecting \"a penchant for large-scale eateries ... common to all Communist regimes\".", "Okryu-gwan __knowledge__ The building is distinguished by its traditional architecture and curved green roofs.", "The Culinary Institute of America __knowledge__ The Culinary Institute of America (CIA) is an American private college and culinary school specializing in culinary, baking, and pastry arts education.", "The Culinary Institute of America __knowledge__ The school's primary campus is located in Hyde Park, New York, with branch campuses in St. Helena and Napa, California, San Antonio, Texas, and the Republic of Singapore.", "The Culinary Institute of America __knowledge__ The college, which was the first to teach culinary arts in the United States, offers associate and bachelor's degrees, and has the largest staff of American Culinary Federation Certified Master Chefs.", "The Culinary Institute of America __knowledge__ The CIA also offers continuing education for professionals in the hospitality industry as well as conferences and consulting services." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Parisian cafés serve as a center of social and culinary life in Paris.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ They have been around since the 17th century, and serve as the meeting place, neighborhood hub, conversation matrix, rendez-vous spot, and networking source, a place to relax or to refuel - the social and political pulse of the city.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Parisian cafés show the Parisian way of sitting undisturbed for a couple of hours, watching things happening and people going by.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Typical Paris cafés are not coffee shops.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ They generally come with a complete kitchen offering a restaurant menu with meals for any time of the day, a full bar and even a wine selection.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Among the drinks customarily served are the \"grande crème\" (large cup of white coffee), wine by the glass, beer (\"un demi\", half a pint, or \"une pression\", a glass of draught beer), \"un pastis\" (made with aniseed flavour spirit), and \"un espresso\" (a small cup of black coffee).", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Drinking at the bar is cheaper than doing so at one of the tables.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ The café sometimes doubles as a \"bureau de tabac\", a tobacco shop that sells a wide variety of merchandise, including metro tickets and prepaid phone cards.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Some of the most recognizable Paris cafés include Café de la Paix, Les Deux Magots, Café de Flore, Café de la Rotonde, La Coupole, Le Fouquet's, Le Deauville, as well as a new wave represented by Café Beaubourg and Drugstore Publicis.", "Organi-cultural deviance __knowledge__ Organi-cultural deviance is a recent philosophical model used in academia and corporate criminology that views corporate crime as a body of social, behavioral, and environmental processes leading to deviant acts.", "Organi-cultural deviance __knowledge__ This view of corporate crime differs from that of Edwin Sutherland(1949), who referred to corporate crime as \"white-collar crime\", in that Sutherland viewed corporate crime as something done by an individual as an isolated end onto itself.", "Organi-cultural deviance __knowledge__ With the Organi-cultural deviance view, corporate crime can be engaged in by individuals, groups, organizations, and groups of organizations, all within an organizational context.", "Northern pygmy salamander __knowledge__ The northern pygmy salamander (or northern pigmy (sic), \"Desmognathus organi\") is a terrestrial species of salamander in the Plethodontidae family and \"Desmognathus\" genus.", "Northern pygmy salamander __knowledge__ Along with the southern pygmy (\"D. wrighti\") and the seepage salamander (\"D. aeneus\"), these are some of the smallest salamander species in North America and can be found in higher elevations in the southern Appalachians.", "Northern pygmy salamander __knowledge__ \"Desmognathus organi\" can be identified by its small size, averaging only 40-60 mm total length, and its distinct herringbone pattern on the dorsal side and copper colored eyelids, which are traits only shared with \"D. wrighti\".", "Pygmy salamander __knowledge__ The pygmy salamander (or pigmy salamander, \"Desmognathus wrighti\") is a species of salamander in the Plethodontidae family.", "Pygmy salamander __knowledge__ It is endemic to the United States in the southern Appalachians in North Carolina and Tennessee.", "Pygmy salamander __knowledge__ \"Desmognathus wrighti\" is a member of the family Plethodontidae and is commonly known as the pygmy salamander.", "Pygmy salamander __knowledge__ As the name suggest the pygmy salamander is the smallest of the nineteen species in the genus \"Desmognathus\".", "Pygmy salamander __knowledge__ \"D. wrighti\" undergoes direct development and does not have a free-living larval stage.", "Pygmy salamander __knowledge__ Only two other taxa in \"Desmognathus\", \"D. aeneus\" and \"D. organi\", exhibit direct development along with the pygmy salamander.", "Organum __knowledge__ Organum () is, in general, a plainchant melody with at least one added voice to enhance the harmony, developed in the Middle Ages.", "Organum __knowledge__ Depending on the mode and form of the chant, a supporting bass line (or \"bourdon\") may be sung on the same text, the melody may be followed in parallel motion (parallel organum), or a combination of both of these techniques may be employed.", "Organum __knowledge__ As no real independent second voice exists, this is a form of heterophony.", "Organum __knowledge__ In its earliest stages, organum involved two musical voices: a Gregorian chant melody, and the same melody transposed by a consonant interval, usually a perfect fifth or fourth.", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ Hard Rock Cafe Inc. is a chain of theme restaurants founded in 1971 by Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton in London.", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ In 1979, the cafe began covering its walls with rock and roll memorabilia, a tradition which expanded to others in the chain.", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ In 2007, Hard Rock was sold to the Seminole Tribe of Florida, and since then it is headquartered in Orlando, Florida.", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ As of December 2015, there were 191 Hard Rock locations in 61 countries, including 173 cafes, 23 hotels, and 11 casinos.", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ The first Hard Rock Cafe (HRC) opened on June 14, 1971 at Gloucester House, Piccadilly, London, under the ownership of young Americans Peter Morton and Isaac Tigrett.", "The Bobby Broom Organi-Sation __knowledge__ The Bobby Broom Organi-Sation is a Chicago based jazz organ trio composed of jazz guitarist Bobby Broom, Hammond B3 organist Ben Paterson and drummers Makaya McCraven or Kobie Watkins.", "The Bobby Broom Organi-Sation __knowledge__ Broom is a three-time DownBeat Critics Poll honoree for his work as one of the top jazz guitarists in the world, McCraven and Watkins also perform with Broom's main group, The Bobby Broom Trio.", "The Bobby Broom Organi-Sation __knowledge__ Broom formed the group in 2014 after a call by Steely Dan's Walter Becker and Donald Fagen for the Deep Blue Organ Trio which had disbanded following the rock group's 2013 tour.", "The Bobby Broom Organi-Sation __knowledge__ The Bobby Broom Organi-Sation opened for Steely Dan on their Jamalot Ever After 2014 national tour that spanned 52 dates, and 43 cities, across the United States and Canada.", "Laudes organi __knowledge__ Laudes Organi is a piece of music for organ and choir by Zoltán Kodály.", "Laudes organi __knowledge__ It was composed in 1966 for the National Convention of The American Guild of Organists.", "Laudes organi __knowledge__ The text for \"Laudes Organi\" can be found here", "Paris in the 18th century __knowledge__ Paris in the 18th century was the second-largest city in Europe, after London, with a population of about 600,000 persons.", "Paris in the 18th century __knowledge__ The century saw the construction of Place Vendôme, the Place de la Concorde, the Champs-Élysées, the church of Les Invalides, and the Panthéon, and the founding of the Louvre Museum.", "Paris in the 18th century __knowledge__ Paris witnessed the end of the reign of Louis XIV, was the center stage of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, saw the first manned flight, and was the birthplace of high fashion and the modern restaurant.", "Paris in the 18th century __knowledge__ Louis XIV distrusted the Parisians; when he was young he had been forced to flee the city twice, and he did not forget it.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade.", "List of neighborhoods of Milwaukee __knowledge__ This is a list of neighborhoods of Milwaukee.", "List of neighborhoods of Milwaukee __knowledge__ Two residents of the same neighborhood may describe different neighborhood boundaries, which could be based on ZIP codes, ethnic groupings, or simply personal opinion.", "List of neighborhoods of Milwaukee __knowledge__ Although rooted in real history, neighborhoods remain social constructions, in which seemingly concrete things like boundaries are much rather in flux.", "List of neighborhoods of Milwaukee __knowledge__ This encyclopedic problem is true for all cities but is particularly complicated in Milwaukee when identified neighborhoods can be \"within\" other neighborhoods.", "List of neighborhoods of Milwaukee __knowledge__ For instance, Brady Street and East Village are actually inside of the East Side, but Beerline B is essentially located in Riverwest.", "Paris __knowledge__ Paris () is the capital and most populous city in France, with an administrative-limits area of and an official population of 2,206,488 (2015).", "Paris __knowledge__ The city is a commune and department, and the heart of the Île-de-France region (colloquially known as the 'Paris Region'), whose 2016 population of 12,142,802 represented roughly 18 percent of the population of France.", "Paris __knowledge__ Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts.", "Paris __knowledge__ The Paris Region had a GDP of €649.6 billion (US $763.4 billion) in 2014, accounting for 30.4 percent of the GDP of France.", "Matrix (mathematics) __knowledge__ In mathematics, a matrix (plural: matrices) is a rectangular \"array\" of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in \"rows\" and \"columns\".", "Matrix (mathematics) __knowledge__ For example, the dimensions of the matrix below are 2 × 3 (read \"two by three\"), because there are two rows and three columns: The individual items in an \"m\" × \"n\" matrix A, often denoted by \"a\", where max \"i\" = \"m\" and max \"j\" = \"n\", are called its \"elements\" or \"entries\".", "Matrix (mathematics) __knowledge__ Provided that they have the same size (each matrix has the same number of rows and the same number of columns as the other), two matrices can be added or subtracted element by element (see Conformable matrix)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Parisian cafés serve as a center of social and culinary life in Paris.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ They have been around since the 17th century, and serve as the meeting place, neighborhood hub, conversation matrix, rendez-vous spot, and networking source, a place to relax or to refuel - the social and political pulse of the city.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Parisian cafés show the Parisian way of sitting undisturbed for a couple of hours, watching things happening and people going by.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Typical Paris cafés are not coffee shops.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ They generally come with a complete kitchen offering a restaurant menu with meals for any time of the day, a full bar and even a wine selection.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Among the drinks customarily served are the \"grande crème\" (large cup of white coffee), wine by the glass, beer (\"un demi\", half a pint, or \"une pression\", a glass of draught beer), \"un pastis\" (made with aniseed flavour spirit), and \"un espresso\" (a small cup of black coffee).", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Drinking at the bar is cheaper than doing so at one of the tables.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ The café sometimes doubles as a \"bureau de tabac\", a tobacco shop that sells a wide variety of merchandise, including metro tickets and prepaid phone cards.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Some of the most recognizable Paris cafés include Café de la Paix, Les Deux Magots, Café de Flore, Café de la Rotonde, La Coupole, Le Fouquet's, Le Deauville, as well as a new wave represented by Café Beaubourg and Drugstore Publicis.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ Coffee drinks are made by brewing hot water (or much less commonly, cold water) with ground coffee beans.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ The brewing is either done slowly by drip or filter, French press or \"cafetière\", percolator, etc., or done very quickly under pressure by an espresso machine, where the coffee is termed \"espresso\"—slow-brewed coffees are generally regarded simply as \"coffee\".", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ All coffee drinks are based on either coffee or espresso, in different strengths; some drinks have milk or cream added, some use steamed milk, cream, plant based milk, or foamed milk, some have flavorings or sweeteners, some have alcoholic liqueurs added, some are combinations of coffee with espresso or tea.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ As of November 2016, it operates 23,768 locations worldwide.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks is considered the main representative of \"second wave coffee\", initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The origin and history of coffee dates back to the 10th century, and possibly earlier with a number of reports and legends surrounding its first use.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The native (undomesticated) origin of coffee is thought to have been Ethiopia.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The earliest substantiated evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree is from the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, South India (Coorg), Persia, Turkey, Horn of Africa, and northern Africa.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ Coffee then spread to the Balkans, Italy and to the rest of Europe, to South East Asia and then to America.", "Arabic coffee __knowledge__ Arabic coffee (, ) refers to a version of the brewed coffee of \"Coffea arabica\" beans.", "Arabic coffee __knowledge__ Arabic coffee is typically grown at a height of 1000 to 2000 meters, and represents about 60-70% of the coffee industry in the world.", "Arabic coffee __knowledge__ Most Arab countries throughout the Middle East have developed unique methods for brewing and preparing coffee.", "Arabic coffee __knowledge__ Cardamom is an often-added spice, but it can alternatively be served plain ().", "Arabic coffee __knowledge__ Arabic coffee is a part of the habits and traditions of Arabs, as coffee originated in the Middle East, beginning in Yemen and eventually travelling to Mecca, Egypt, the Levant, and then, in the mid-16th century, to Turkey.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ A coffeehouse, coffee shop or café (sometimes spelled cafe) is an establishment which primarily serves hot coffee, related coffee beverages (e.g., café latte, cappuccino, espresso), tea, and other hot beverages.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ Some coffeehouses also serve cold beverages such as iced coffee and iced tea.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ Many cafés also serve some type of food, such as light snacks, muffins or pastries.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ Coffeehouses range from owner-operated small businesses to large multinational corporations.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ In continental Europe, cafés often serve alcoholic beverages and light food, but elsewhere the term \"café\" may also refer to a tea room, \"greasy spoon\" (a small and inexpensive restaurant, colloquially called a \"caff\"), transport café, or other casual eating and drinking place.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Fair trade is a social movement whose stated goal is to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions and to promote sustainable farming.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Members of the movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ The movement focuses in particular on commodities, or products which are typically exported from developing countries to developed countries, but also consumed in domestic markets (e.g.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Brazil, India and Bangladesh) most notably handicrafts, coffee, cocoa, wine, sugar, fresh fruit, chocolate, flowers and gold.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "Malcolm Kennedy __knowledge__ Malcolm George \"Mal\" Kennedy is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Benjamin McNair.", "Malcolm Kennedy __knowledge__ He made his first on-screen appearance on 3 October 1994 arriving to live in Ramsay Street with his family.", "Malcolm Kennedy __knowledge__ Malcolm's storylines explored a long term relationship with Danni Stark, a friendship with Stonefish Rebecchi, a career as a handyman and later, coffee chain salesman and a marriage to Catherine O'Brien.", "Malcolm Kennedy __knowledge__ Malcolm departed on 5 February 1997.", "Malcolm Kennedy __knowledge__ McNair made two brief returns in 2002 and 2004 and a year later he reprised his role for the show' 20th anniversary.", "Malcolm Kennedy __knowledge__ In May 2011, it was announced that Malcolm would be returning to \"Neighbours\" to help his parents with their marriage.", "Erinsborough __knowledge__ Erinsborough is the fictional suburb in which the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\" is set.", "Erinsborough __knowledge__ The show focuses on the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in the suburb.", "Erinsborough __knowledge__ \"Neighbours\" storylines primarily centre on the residents of Ramsay Street and the other locations within Erinsborough such as The Waterhole, Harold's Store, Lassiter's Hotel and Erinsborough High School.", "Erinsborough __knowledge__ Erinsborough was originally going to be named Erinsfield and it is a loose anagram of \"Neighbours\".", "Erinsborough __knowledge__ Throughout much of the show's run it was not stated which city of Australia Erinsborough was located in.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Parisian cafés serve as a center of social and culinary life in Paris.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ They have been around since the 17th century, and serve as the meeting place, neighborhood hub, conversation matrix, rendez-vous spot, and networking source, a place to relax or to refuel - the social and political pulse of the city.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Parisian cafés show the Parisian way of sitting undisturbed for a couple of hours, watching things happening and people going by.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Typical Paris cafés are not coffee shops.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ They generally come with a complete kitchen offering a restaurant menu with meals for any time of the day, a full bar and even a wine selection.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Among the drinks customarily served are the \"grande crème\" (large cup of white coffee), wine by the glass, beer (\"un demi\", half a pint, or \"une pression\", a glass of draught beer), \"un pastis\" (made with aniseed flavour spirit), and \"un espresso\" (a small cup of black coffee).", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Drinking at the bar is cheaper than doing so at one of the tables.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ The café sometimes doubles as a \"bureau de tabac\", a tobacco shop that sells a wide variety of merchandise, including metro tickets and prepaid phone cards.", "Parisian café __knowledge__ Some of the most recognizable Paris cafés include Café de la Paix, Les Deux Magots, Café de Flore, Café de la Rotonde, La Coupole, Le Fouquet's, Le Deauville, as well as a new wave represented by Café Beaubourg and Drugstore Publicis.", "Satavado __knowledge__ Satavado () was a large feudal landholder and feudal hierarchy-political unit in the 15th-18th centuries in Georgia.", "Satavado __knowledge__ Satavados were established in times of political and economical overthrow of Georgian Kingdom, by exploitation peasants and grooving immunity of feudal lords when they formed a new class of Tavadi ().", "Satavado __knowledge__ The long period of domination of foreign intruders extremely weakened the central political and economic power, which became the main reason for rising of Satavados.", "Satavado __knowledge__ The regions lost economical interrelations.", "Satavado __knowledge__ The feudal anarchy grew in the country.", "Satavado __knowledge__ Weak monarch could not employ his main function – keep his villains in humility and safe feudal order in country.", "Motel __knowledge__ A motel is a hotel designed for motorists and usually has a parking area for motor vehicles.", "Motel __knowledge__ Entering dictionaries after World War II, the word \"motel\", coined as a portmanteau contraction of \"motor hotel\", originates from the Milestone Mo-Tel of San Luis Obispo, California (now called the Motel Inn of San Luis Obispo), which was built in 1925.", "Motel __knowledge__ The term referred initially to a type of hotel consisting of a single building of connected rooms whose doors faced a parking lot and in some circumstances, a common area or a series of small cabins with common parking.", "Motel __knowledge__ Motels are often individually owned, though motel chains do exist.", "Markov chain __knowledge__ A Markov chain is \"a stochastic model describing a sequence of possible events in which the probability of each event depends only on the state attained in the previous event.\"", "Markov chain __knowledge__ In probability theory and related fields, a Markov process, named after the Russian mathematician Andrey Markov, is a stochastic process that satisfies the Markov property (sometimes characterized as \"memorylessness\").", "Markov chain __knowledge__ Roughly speaking, a process satisfies the Markov property if one can make predictions for the future of the process based solely on its present state just as well as one could knowing the process's full history, hence independently from such history; i.e., conditional on the present state of the system, its future and past states are independent.", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ Alice in Chains is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1987 by guitarist/vocalist Jerry Cantrell and drummer Sean Kinney, who then recruited bassist Mike Starr and lead vocalist Layne Staley.", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ Mike Starr was replaced in 1993 by Mike Inez.", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ The band took its name from Staley's previous group, the glam metal band Alice N' Chains.", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ Although widely associated with grunge music, the band's sound incorporates heavy metal elements.", "Alice in Chains __knowledge__ Since its formation, Alice in Chains has released five studio albums, three EPs, three live albums, four compilations, two DVDs, 30 music videos and 28 singles.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ \"Imagine\" is a song written and performed by English musician John Lennon.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ The best-selling single of his solo career, its lyrics encourage the listener to imagine a world at peace without the barriers of borders or the divisions of religion and nationality and to consider the possibility that the whole of humanity would live unattached to material possessions.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ Lennon and Yoko Ono co-produced the song and album of the same name with Phil Spector.", "Imagine (John Lennon song) __knowledge__ Recording began at Lennon's home studio at Tittenhurst Park, England, in May 1971, with final overdubs taking place at the Record Plant, in New York City, during July.", "Anarcho-capitalism __knowledge__ Anarcho-capitalism is a political philosophy and school of anarchist thought that advocates the elimination of the state in favor of self-ownership, private property, and free markets.", "Anarcho-capitalism __knowledge__ Anarcho-capitalists hold that, in the absence of statute (law by centralized decrees and legislation), society tends to contractually self-regulate and civilize through the discipline of the free market (in what its proponents describe as a \"voluntary society\").", "Anarcho-capitalism __knowledge__ In an anarcho-capitalist society, law enforcement, courts, and all other security services would be operated by privately funded competitors rather than centrally through compulsory taxation.", "Menu __knowledge__ In a restaurant, a menu is a list of food and beverage offered to the customer.", "Menu __knowledge__ A menu may be à la carte – which guests use to choose from a list of options – or table d'hôte, in which case a pre-established sequence of courses is served.", "Menu __knowledge__ Menus, as a list of prepared foods, have been discovered dating back to the Song Dynasty in China.", "Menu __knowledge__ In the larger populated cities of the time, merchants found a way to cater to busy customers who had little time or energy to prepare food during the evening.", "Menu __knowledge__ The variation in Chinese cuisine from different regions led caterers to create a list or menu for their patrons.", "Bar __knowledge__ A bar (also known as a saloon or a tavern or sometimes a pub or club, referring to the actual establishment, as in pub bar or savage club etc.)", "Bar __knowledge__ is a retail business establishment that serves alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, liquor, cocktails, and other beverages such as mineral water and soft drinks and often sell snack foods such as crisps (potato chips) or peanuts, for consumption on premises.", "Bar __knowledge__ Some types of bars, such as pubs, may also serve food from a restaurant menu.", "Bar __knowledge__ The term \"bar\" also refers to the countertop and area where drinks are served.", "Bar __knowledge__ The term \"bar\" is also derived from the metal or wooden bar that is often located at feet along the length of the \"bar.\"", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ The Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant is a theme restaurant at Disney's Hollywood Studios, one of the four main theme parks at Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida, United States.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ Established in May 1991, the restaurant is modeled after a 1950s drive-in theater.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ Walt Disney Imagineering designed the booths to resemble convertibles of the period, and some servers act as carhops while wearing roller skates.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ While eating, guests watch a large projection screen displaying film clips from such 1950s and 1960s films as \"Frankenstein Meets the Space Monster\", \"Plan 9 from Outer Space\", and \"Attack of the 50 Foot Woman\".", "Field ration __knowledge__ A field ration, combat ration or ration pack is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten, transported by military troops on the battlefield.", "Field ration __knowledge__ They are distinguished from regular military rations by virtue of being designed for minimal preparation in the field, using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.", "Field ration __knowledge__ Such meals also prove invaluable for disaster relief operations, where large stocks of these can be ferried and distributed easily, and provide basic nutritional support to victims before kitchens can be set up to produce fresh food.", "Types of restaurant __knowledge__ Various types of restaurant fall into several industry classifications based upon menu style, preparation methods and pricing.", "Types of restaurant __knowledge__ Additionally, how the food is served to the customer helps to determine the classification.", "Types of restaurant __knowledge__ Historically, \"restaurant\" referred only to places that provided tables where one sat down to eat the meal, typically served by a waiter.", "Types of restaurant __knowledge__ Following the rise of fast food and take-out restaurants, a retronym for the older \"standard\" restaurant was created, sit-down restaurant.", "Types of restaurant __knowledge__ Most commonly, \"sit-down restaurant\" refers to a casual dining restaurant with table service, rather than a fast food restaurant or a diner, where one orders food at a counter.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 5, 3 ]

[ "I'd love to visit one too! I hear that they are a center of social and culinary life in Paris.", "Yes, they have been around since the 17th century! They are used as a meeting place, neighborhood hub, conversation matrix, and many other things! ", "I really don't know! I do know that a typical Parisian cafe is not a coffee shop!", "They typically offer a restaurant menu with meals for any time of the day, a full bar and even a wine selection.", "I'm not sure! I do know that they epitomize the Parisian way of sitting undisturbed for a couple of hours" ]

[ "Parisian café", "Parisian café", "Parisian café", "Parisian café", "Parisian café" ]

[ "100 metres", "Are you a runner? have you ever witness a 100meter dash race?", " It has been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1928 for women.", "Wow, that is amazing i dint know that about the 100meter dash" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "100 metres __knowledge__ The 100 metres, or 100-metre dash, is a sprint race in track and field competitions.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The shortest common outdoor running distance, it is one of the most popular and prestigious events in the sport of athletics.", "100 metres __knowledge__ It has been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1928 for women.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The reigning 100 m Olympic champion is often named \"the fastest man in the world\".", "100 metres __knowledge__ The World Championships 100 metres has been contested since 1983.", "100 metres __knowledge__ American Justin Gatlin and Tori Bowie are the reigning world champions; Usain Bolt and Elaine Thompson are the Olympic champions in the men's and women's 100 metres, respectively.", "100 metres __knowledge__ On an outdoor 400 metres running track, the 100 m is run on the home straight, with the start usually being set on an extension to make it a straight-line race.", "100 metres __knowledge__ Runners begin in the starting blocks and the race begins when an official fires the starter's pistol.", "100 metres __knowledge__ Sprinters typically reach top speed after somewhere between 50–60 m. Their speed then slows towards the finish line.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The 10-second barrier has historically been a barometer of fast men's performances, while the best female sprinters take eleven seconds or less to complete the race.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The current men's world record is 9.58 seconds, set by Jamaica's Usain Bolt in 2009, while the women's world record of 10.49 seconds set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 remains unbroken." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "100 metres __knowledge__ The 100 metres, or 100-metre dash, is a sprint race in track and field competitions.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The shortest common outdoor running distance, it is one of the most popular and prestigious events in the sport of athletics.", "100 metres __knowledge__ It has been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1928 for women.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The reigning 100 m Olympic champion is often named \"the fastest man in the world\".", "100 metres __knowledge__ The World Championships 100 metres has been contested since 1983.", "100 metres __knowledge__ American Justin Gatlin and Tori Bowie are the reigning world champions; Usain Bolt and Elaine Thompson are the Olympic champions in the men's and women's 100 metres, respectively.", "100 metres __knowledge__ On an outdoor 400 metres running track, the 100 m is run on the home straight, with the start usually being set on an extension to make it a straight-line race.", "100 metres __knowledge__ Runners begin in the starting blocks and the race begins when an official fires the starter's pistol.", "100 metres __knowledge__ Sprinters typically reach top speed after somewhere between 50–60 m. Their speed then slows towards the finish line.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The 10-second barrier has historically been a barometer of fast men's performances, while the best female sprinters take eleven seconds or less to complete the race.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The current men's world record is 9.58 seconds, set by Jamaica's Usain Bolt in 2009, while the women's world record of 10.49 seconds set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 remains unbroken.", "Red Frog Events __knowledge__ Red Frog Events, LLC is a privately owned (one member LLC with Joe Reynolds as the sole member) event production company founded in 2007 and based in Chicago, Illinois.", "Red Frog Events __knowledge__ The company's current events and services include Warrior Dash, Firefly Music Festival, ShamrockFest, American Beer Classic, EventSprout, and Red Frog Food and Beverage.", "Red Frog Events __knowledge__ The company is known for its events and services in the experiential entertainment industry and its company culture.", "Red Frog Events __knowledge__ Joe Reynolds and Ryan Kunkel are the Co-CEO’s.", "Red Frog Events __knowledge__ Mirroring the television show \"The Amazing Race\", Joe Reynolds organized and launched Great Urban Race, LLC and hosted the first race on September 15, 2007 in Chicago.", "ISCARS Dash Touring Series __knowledge__ The ISCARS Dash Touring Series (previously known as the NASCAR Baby Grand National, Goody's Dash Series and IPOWER Dash Series among others) was a stock car racing series created by NASCAR in 1973, running solely at North Wilkesboro Speedway, that involved V-6 powered cars raced over relatively short distances.", "ISCARS Dash Touring Series __knowledge__ In 1975 the series branched out to other tracks besides North Wilkesboro Speedway .", "ISCARS Dash Touring Series __knowledge__ After the end of the 2003 season, NASCAR transferred the Goody's Dash series to IPOWER (International Participants Of Winning Edge Racing).", "ISCARS Dash Touring Series __knowledge__ In 2004, they ran the IPOWER Dash Series.", "ISCARS Dash Touring Series __knowledge__ In January 2005, officials announced the cancellation of the 2005 Dash season due to problems with sponsorship.", "2009 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2009 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2009 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 115th overall season, 76th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 18th within the SEC Western Division.", "2009 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his third year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2009 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season undefeated with a record of 14–0 (8–0 in the SEC) and as national champions.", "2009 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ Looking to build on the successes of the 2008 campaign, Alabama entered the 2009 season as the favorite to win the Western Division and meet the Florida Gators in the 2009 SEC Championship Game.", "Jamaica at the 2008 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ Jamaica sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing, People's Republic of China from August 8 to August 24, 2008.", "Jamaica at the 2008 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ This was, by far, Jamaica's best showing at the Summer Olympics; it was the nation's largest delegation yet, and its athletes nearly doubled its total gold medal count in addition to breaking the nation's record for number of medals earned in a single games.", "Jamaica at the 2008 Summer Olympics __knowledge__ Jamaica's appearance at Beijing was its fifteenth consecutive appearance and appearance as an independent nation, although it had previously participated in four other games (including its 1948 debut) as a British colony and as part of the West Indies Federation.", "Scalped __knowledge__ Scalped is a 60 issue crime/western comic book series written by Jason Aaron and illustrated by R. M. Guéra, published monthly by Vertigo Comics.", "Scalped __knowledge__ Issue #1 was published on January 3, 2007.", "Scalped __knowledge__ The series focuses on the Oglala Lakota inhabitants of the fictional Prairie Rose Indian Reservation in modern-day South Dakota as they grapple with organized crime, rampant poverty, drug addiction and alcoholism, local politics and the preservation of their cultural identity.", "Scalped __knowledge__ Scalped originally began as a prospective relaunch of Scalphunter, an older DC character.", "Scalped __knowledge__ As development proceeded, much of the original concept was abandoned in favor of the current plot.", "Dash __knowledge__ The dash is a punctuation mark that is similar in appearance to and , but differs from these symbols in both length and height.", "Dash __knowledge__ The most common versions of the dash are the en dash (–), the em dash (—) that is two times as long, and the horizontal bar (―) that is ¾ em dash or 1½ en dash.", "Dash __knowledge__ Historically, the names of en dash and em dash were loosely related to the width of a lower-case \"n\" and upper-case \"M\", respectively, in commonly used typefaces.", "Dash __knowledge__ Usage varies both within English and in other languages, but the usual convention in printed English text is as follows: There are several forms of dash, of which the most common are: Less common are the two-em dash (⸺) and three-em dash (⸻), both added to Unicode with version 6.1 as U+2E3A and U+2E3B.", "Flash and Dash __knowledge__ Race-Tin: Flash and Dash, is a 2007 Chinese animated series created by Auldey and based on their line of radio-controlled cars.", "Flash and Dash __knowledge__ The original series ran for 26 episodes and saw distribution in various countries across the world.", "Flash and Dash __knowledge__ There are two theme songs: the Chinese theme song is the original theme \"Flash!", "Flash and Dash __knowledge__ Dash!\"", "Flash and Dash __knowledge__ and the English version is the unleashed theme \"Feel the Fire!", "Flash and Dash __knowledge__ Feel the Speed!\"", "Flash and Dash __knowledge__ written by John Mitchell and Tom Keenlyside.", "Flash and Dash __knowledge__ An English version, created by Ocean Productions, began airing in the United Kingdom on Cartoon Network Too on November 7, 2009.", "Flash and Dash __knowledge__ The broadcast was produced in a partnership between Danbar, a company distributing the toyline in Europe, and Turner Media Innovations.", "Darrell Waltrip __knowledge__ Darrell Lee Waltrip (born February 5, 1947) is an American motorsports analyst, author, national television broadcaster, and former racing driver.", "Darrell Waltrip __knowledge__ He is also a three-time NASCAR Cup Series champion (1981, 1982, 1985) and a three-time NASCAR Cup Series runner-up (1979, 1983, 1986).", "Darrell Waltrip __knowledge__ Posting a modern NASCAR series record of 22 top five finishes in 1983 and 21 top five finishes both in 1981 and 1986, Waltrip won 84 NASCAR Cup Series races, including the 1989 Daytona 500, a record five in the Coca-Cola 600 (formerly the World 600) (1978, 1979, 1985, 1988, 1989), and a track and Series record for any driver at Bristol Motor Speedway with 12 (seven consecutive from 1981 to 1984).", "Stacey Dash __knowledge__ Stacey Lauretta Dash (born January 20, 1966 or January 20, 1967) (sources differ) is an American actress and talk show host, best known for co-starring in the 1995 feature film \"Clueless\" and the television series spinoff of the same name.", "Stacey Dash __knowledge__ She has also appeared in films such as \"Moving\", \"Mo' Money\", \"Renaissance Man\" and \"View from the Top\".", "Stacey Dash __knowledge__ Other television work by Dash includes appearances in series such as \"\", \"Single Ladies\" and the reality television show \"Celebrity Circus\".", "Stacey Dash __knowledge__ She has also appeared in music videos for Carl Thomas' \"Emotional\" and Kanye West's \"All Falls Down\".", "Stacey Dash __knowledge__ Dash was a co-host on Fox News talk show \"Outnumbered\".", "William Beverley __knowledge__ William Beverley (1696–1756) was an 18th-century legislator, civil servant, planter and landowner in the Colony of Virginia.", "William Beverley __knowledge__ Born in Virginia, Beverley—the son of planter and historian Robert Beverley, Jr. (c. 1667–1722) and his wife, Ursula Byrd Beverley (1681–1698)—was the scion of two prominent Virginia families.", "William Beverley __knowledge__ He was the nephew of Peter Beverley (1668–1728), Speaker of the Virginia House of Burgesses, and the grandson of wealthy Virginia planter William Byrd I (1652–1704) of Westover Plantation.", "William Beverley __knowledge__ Beverley's mother died shortly before her 17th birthday (when he was a toddler), and he was sent to England.", "Harvey Sweetland Lewis __knowledge__ Harvey Sweetland Lewis (born April 1976) is an American ultrarunner, social studies and economics teacher, world traveler and public speaker.", "Harvey Sweetland Lewis __knowledge__ Noted for his spontaneity as much as his dedication, Lewis often seeks new challenges to improve his health, with positive effects on the community or the environment as a side benefit.", "Harvey Sweetland Lewis __knowledge__ For example, he commutes to work every day of his own volition, usually running or cycling, but occasionally skiing or walking.", "Harvey Sweetland Lewis __knowledge__ Even on days immediately following an endurance race, he makes the six-mile round trip commute with his backpack filled with a change of clothes, his laptop, graded homework assignments and his packed lunch.", "Bragi (company) __knowledge__ Bragi is a German technology company headquartered in Munich, Germany that designs, develops and sells truly wireless smart earphones; the Bragi OS, the operating system for next generation computing platforms; and the Bragi App for smartphones.", "Bragi (company) __knowledge__ Bragi’s hardware products include the next generation computing platform The Dash.", "Bragi (company) __knowledge__ and The Headphone.", "Bragi (company) __knowledge__ While The Dash is a truly wireless smart earphone and personal assistant, The Headphone is a truly wireless earbud.", "Bragi (company) __knowledge__ The devices can be connected to other Bluetooth devices such as smartphones, tablets and computers to stream music or make phone calls.", "Bragi (company) __knowledge__ The Dash extends this functionality with Bragi OS, which brings smart features such as the training coach for running, swimming and cycling activities; the Bragi Kinetic User Interface (Bragi KUI) including the Head Gestures and MyTap (Beta) (now called Shortcut).", "1969 Curaçao uprising __knowledge__ The 1969 Curaçao uprising, (), was series of riots lasting from May 30 to June 1, 1969 on Curaçao.", "1969 Curaçao uprising __knowledge__ They arose from a strike of employees of the Royal Dutch Shell oil refinery.", "1969 Curaçao uprising __knowledge__ Riots destroyed a substantial portion of the island's main city and resulted in the resignation of the prime minister as well as a social prestige for the local language Papiamento.", "1969 Curaçao uprising __knowledge__ Curaçao is an island in the Caribbean which is a country () within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.", "1969 Curaçao uprising __knowledge__ In 1969, it had a population of around 141,000, of whom 65,000 lived in the capital, Willemstad.", "1969 Curaçao uprising __knowledge__ Until 2010, it was the most populous island and seat of government of the country Netherlands Antilles, the former Dutch colony in the Caribbean comprising six islands." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "100 metres __knowledge__ The 100 metres, or 100-metre dash, is a sprint race in track and field competitions.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The shortest common outdoor running distance, it is one of the most popular and prestigious events in the sport of athletics.", "100 metres __knowledge__ It has been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1928 for women.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The reigning 100 m Olympic champion is often named \"the fastest man in the world\".", "100 metres __knowledge__ The World Championships 100 metres has been contested since 1983.", "100 metres __knowledge__ American Justin Gatlin and Tori Bowie are the reigning world champions; Usain Bolt and Elaine Thompson are the Olympic champions in the men's and women's 100 metres, respectively.", "100 metres __knowledge__ On an outdoor 400 metres running track, the 100 m is run on the home straight, with the start usually being set on an extension to make it a straight-line race.", "100 metres __knowledge__ Runners begin in the starting blocks and the race begins when an official fires the starter's pistol.", "100 metres __knowledge__ Sprinters typically reach top speed after somewhere between 50–60 m. Their speed then slows towards the finish line.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The 10-second barrier has historically been a barometer of fast men's performances, while the best female sprinters take eleven seconds or less to complete the race.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The current men's world record is 9.58 seconds, set by Jamaica's Usain Bolt in 2009, while the women's world record of 10.49 seconds set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 remains unbroken.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Track and field is a sport which includes athletic contests established on the skills of running, jumping, and throwing.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The name is derived from the sport's typical venue: a stadium with an oval running track enclosing a grass field where the throwing and jumping events take place.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Track and field is categorized under the umbrella sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running, and race walking.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The foot racing events, which include sprints, middle- and long-distance events, race walking and hurdling, are won by the athlete with the fastest time.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The jumping and throwing events are won by the athlete who achieves the greatest distance or height.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The modern Olympic Games or Olympics () are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart.", "Olympic Games __knowledge__ Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD.", "Australia at the Winter Olympics __knowledge__ Australia first competed in the Winter Olympic Games in 1936 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, and has participated in every games since, with the exception of the 1948 Games in St. Moritz.", "Australia at the Winter Olympics __knowledge__ In the early years, Australia's athletes did poorly; only two athletes placed in the top half of their events before 1976, while the vast majority placed in the bottom quarter, including some who finished last.", "Australia at the Winter Olympics __knowledge__ This lack of success was attributed to the Australian culture, climate and lack of snow, as well as the lack of support for the athletes—sports administrators regarded investment in winter sports as futile.", "Australia at the Winter Olympics __knowledge__ After the appointment of Geoff Henke—who had been unable to compete in 1956 after the administrators neglected to endorse his ice hockey team's application—as team manager in 1976, the results slowly began to improve, and by the 1990s, some Australians were regarded as medal prospects.", "100 metres at the Olympics __knowledge__ The 100 metres at the Summer Olympics has been contested since the first edition of the multi-sport event.", "100 metres at the Olympics __knowledge__ The men's 100 m has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1896 and the women's 100 m has been held continuously since its introduction at the 1928 Games.", "100 metres at the Olympics __knowledge__ The 100 metres is considered one of the blue ribbon events of the Olympics and is among the highest profile competitions at the games.", "100 metres at the Olympics __knowledge__ It is the most prestigious 100 m race at elite level and is the shortest sprinting competition at the Olympics – a position it has held at every edition except for a brief period between 1900 and 1904, when a men's 60 metres was contested.", "Women at the Olympics __knowledge__ The International Olympic Committee (IOC) promotes women in sports in an effort to increase participation in the games as well recognition of the well being of women and girls in sports at all levels of sports and different structures within sports.", "Women at the Olympics __knowledge__ This is consistent with the Olympic charter which promotes equality within sports of men and women by including both genders in these competitions.", "Women at the Olympics __knowledge__ The IOC as well as the International Federations (IFS) and National Olympic Committees (NOCs) have been committed to the mandates of this Olympic charter.", "Women at the Olympics __knowledge__ Multiple measures have been taken toward increasing the participation of women at governing and administrative levels as well as training and education toward women in sport and the supporting administrative structures.", "Great Britain at the Olympics __knowledge__ Great Britain or Team GB is the team that sends athletes from the United Kingdom (UK), all but three of its overseas territories, and the three Crown dependencies, to the Olympic Games.", "Great Britain at the Olympics __knowledge__ It has sent athletes to every Games since the start of the Olympics' modern era in 1896, including the 1980 Summer Olympics and 1984 Summer Olympics, which were boycotted by a number of other nations on each occasion.", "Great Britain at the Olympics __knowledge__ From 1896 to 2016 inclusive, Great Britain has won 847 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, and another 26 at the Winter Olympic Games.", "Great Britain at the Olympics __knowledge__ It is the only national team to have won at least one Gold Medal at every Summer Games, and lies third globally in the winning of both Gold Medals and total medals, surpassed only by the United States and the former Soviet Union.", "Magdalena Neuner __knowledge__ Magdalena \"Lena\" Neuner (since her 2014 marriage legally \"Magdalena Holzer\", born 9 February 1987) is a retired German professional biathlete.", "Magdalena Neuner __knowledge__ She is the most successful woman of all time at Biathlon World Championships and a two-time Olympic gold medalist.", "Magdalena Neuner __knowledge__ At the age of 21, she became the youngest Overall World Cup winner in the history of the International Biathlon Union (IBU).", "Magdalena Neuner __knowledge__ With 34 World Cup wins, Neuner is ranked second all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour.", "Magdalena Neuner __knowledge__ She has won the Overall World Cup title three times, in 2007–08, in 2009–10 and her final season in 2011–12.", "Esteban Gutiérrez __knowledge__ Esteban Manuel Gutiérrez Gutiérrez (; born 5 August 1991), is a Mexican racing driver.", "Esteban Gutiérrez __knowledge__ From 2011 to 2014, Gutiérrez drove for the Sauber Formula One team but lost his drive at the end of the 2014 season.", "Esteban Gutiérrez __knowledge__ He then signed with Ferrari as their test and reserve driver for 2015.", "Esteban Gutiérrez __knowledge__ Gutiérrez drove for the Haas F1 Team for the 2016 Formula One season.", "Esteban Gutiérrez __knowledge__ In 2008, Gutiérrez won the Formula BMW Europe championship title, becoming the youngest Mexican driver to win an International Championship at 17 years old.", "Esteban Gutiérrez __knowledge__ He also won the inaugural GP3 season in 2010.", "Esteban Gutiérrez __knowledge__ With the Lotus GP team in 2012, he became the first GP3 graduate to finish in the top three of the GP2 parent series.", "Alex Yoong __knowledge__ Alexander Charles Yoong Loong (, (born 20 July 1976), is a Malaysian Chinese professional racing driver of Han Chinese and English parentage.", "Alex Yoong __knowledge__ Yoong began his career in saloon cars before moving into the Proton one-make series.", "Alex Yoong __knowledge__ He later raced in single-seater cars where he won the Malaysian Championship in 1995.", "Alex Yoong __knowledge__ He moved into Formula Renault in 1996 with help from sponsors but finished outside the top-10.", "Alex Yoong __knowledge__ Yoong consulted his father who believed his son would succeed in lower categories.", "Alex Yoong __knowledge__ Yoong decided to drive in Formula Three but dropped out in 1999 after withdrawal from his sponsors.", "Alex Yoong __knowledge__ He subsequently went into Formula 3000 and managed to improve despite a horrific crash at Spa-Francorchamps during the season.", "Sport of athletics __knowledge__ Athletics is a collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking.", "Sport of athletics __knowledge__ The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race walking.", "Sport of athletics __knowledge__ The results of racing events are decided by finishing position (or time, where measured), while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts.", "Sport of athletics __knowledge__ The simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need for expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most commonly competed sports in the world.", "2005–06 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, China __knowledge__ The 2005–06 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, China was an A1 Grand Prix race, held on the weekend of April 2, 2006 at Shanghai International Circuit.", "2005–06 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, China __knowledge__ A1 Team Malaysia snatched their first pole position for the final Sprint race of the 2005/06 A1 Grand Prix season this afternoon after the flag had dropped in the last of the four qualifying sessions.", "2005–06 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, China __knowledge__ A1 Team Great Britain’s Darren Manning, who led from the word go, was denied the opportunity to head up the grid in his first A1GP race by Malaysia’s Alex Yoong.", "2005–06 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, China __knowledge__ While Manning still recorded the fastest lap of qualifying (1.51.832), Yoong pushed his aggregate time ahead of A1 Team France and Great Britain, with a 1.51.846 flying lap after leaving the pits in the last few minutes of the session.", "2013 Monaco GP2 Series round __knowledge__ The 2013 Monaco GP2 Series round was a pair of motor races held on 24 and 25 May 2013 at the Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo, Monaco as part of the GP2 Series.", "2013 Monaco GP2 Series round __knowledge__ It was the fourth round of the 2013 GP2 Series and was run in support of the 2013 Monaco Grand Prix.", "2013 Monaco GP2 Series round __knowledge__ The first race, a 42-lap feature event, was won by Russian Time driver Sam Bird who started from third position.", "2013 Monaco GP2 Series round __knowledge__ Kevin Ceccon finished second for the Trident Racing team and Arden International driver Mitch Evans came in third.", "2013 Monaco GP2 Series round __knowledge__ Stefano Coletti of the Rapax team won the second event, a 30-lap sprint race, ahead of MP Motorsport's Adrian Quaife-Hobbs in second and Evans third." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "100 metres __knowledge__ The 100 metres, or 100-metre dash, is a sprint race in track and field competitions.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The shortest common outdoor running distance, it is one of the most popular and prestigious events in the sport of athletics.", "100 metres __knowledge__ It has been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1928 for women.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The reigning 100 m Olympic champion is often named \"the fastest man in the world\".", "100 metres __knowledge__ The World Championships 100 metres has been contested since 1983.", "100 metres __knowledge__ American Justin Gatlin and Tori Bowie are the reigning world champions; Usain Bolt and Elaine Thompson are the Olympic champions in the men's and women's 100 metres, respectively.", "100 metres __knowledge__ On an outdoor 400 metres running track, the 100 m is run on the home straight, with the start usually being set on an extension to make it a straight-line race.", "100 metres __knowledge__ Runners begin in the starting blocks and the race begins when an official fires the starter's pistol.", "100 metres __knowledge__ Sprinters typically reach top speed after somewhere between 50–60 m. Their speed then slows towards the finish line.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The 10-second barrier has historically been a barometer of fast men's performances, while the best female sprinters take eleven seconds or less to complete the race.", "100 metres __knowledge__ The current men's world record is 9.58 seconds, set by Jamaica's Usain Bolt in 2009, while the women's world record of 10.49 seconds set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 remains unbroken.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "William Colbeck (gangster) __knowledge__ William \"Dint\" Colbeck (November 17, 1890 – February 17, 1943) was a St. Louis politician and organized crime figure involved in bootlegging and illegal gambling.", "William Colbeck (gangster) __knowledge__ He succeeded William Egan as head of the Egan's Rats bootlegging gang in the early 1920s.", "William Colbeck (gangster) __knowledge__ Born in North St. Louis to Irish-American parents, Colbeck joined Egan's Rats in his late teens.", "William Colbeck (gangster) __knowledge__ In between his gangster jobs, Colbeck trained to work as a plumber.", "William Colbeck (gangster) __knowledge__ His work in this field resulted in his nickname of \"Dinty\" or \"Dint\", as he was most usually called by associates.", "William Colbeck (gangster) __knowledge__ After the outbreak of World War I, Colbeck joined the U.S. Army in April 1918 and fought as an infantryman with the 89th Infantry Division in France.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Flora and fauna of the Discworld __knowledge__ Terry Pratchett's fictional Discworld has a large number of creatures and plants unique to it or its parasite universes (such as Fairyland or Death's Domain).", "Flora and fauna of the Discworld __knowledge__ A big cat with a unique black and white check coat, the ambiguous puzuma is the Disc's fastest animal.", "Flora and fauna of the Discworld __knowledge__ Due to the Disc's standing magical field, which slows down light to approximately the speed of sound, the puzuma can actually achieve near-light-speed.", "Flora and fauna of the Discworld __knowledge__ Therefore, seeing a puzuma in motion means it isn't there.", "Flora and fauna of the Discworld __knowledge__ Puzumas commonly die from complications caused by Sangrit Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle; they lose concentration because they cannot simultaneously know who they are and where they are, frequently causing them to crash into an obstacle.", "Dash __knowledge__ The dash is a punctuation mark that is similar in appearance to and , but differs from these symbols in both length and height.", "Dash __knowledge__ The most common versions of the dash are the en dash (–), the em dash (—) that is two times as long, and the horizontal bar (―) that is ¾ em dash or 1½ en dash.", "Dash __knowledge__ Historically, the names of en dash and em dash were loosely related to the width of a lower-case \"n\" and upper-case \"M\", respectively, in commonly used typefaces.", "Dash __knowledge__ Usage varies both within English and in other languages, but the usual convention in printed English text is as follows: There are several forms of dash, of which the most common are: Less common are the two-em dash (⸺) and three-em dash (⸻), both added to Unicode with version 6.1 as U+2E3A and U+2E3B.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Track and field is a sport which includes athletic contests established on the skills of running, jumping, and throwing.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The name is derived from the sport's typical venue: a stadium with an oval running track enclosing a grass field where the throwing and jumping events take place.", "Track and field __knowledge__ Track and field is categorized under the umbrella sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running, and race walking.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The foot racing events, which include sprints, middle- and long-distance events, race walking and hurdling, are won by the athlete with the fastest time.", "Track and field __knowledge__ The jumping and throwing events are won by the athlete who achieves the greatest distance or height.", "Multi-purpose stadium __knowledge__ Multi-purpose stadiums are a type of stadium designed to be easily used by multiple types of events.", "Multi-purpose stadium __knowledge__ While any stadium could potentially host more than one type of sport or event, this concept usually refers to a specific design philosophy that stresses multifunctionality over specificity.", "Multi-purpose stadium __knowledge__ It is used most commonly in Canada and the United States, where the two most popular outdoor team sports – football and baseball – require radically different facilities.", "Multi-purpose stadium __knowledge__ Football uses a rectangular field (Canadian football fields are larger than American ones), while baseball is played on a diamond and large outfield.", "CenturyLink Field __knowledge__ CenturyLink Field is a multi-purpose stadium located in Seattle, Washington, United States.", "CenturyLink Field __knowledge__ It is the home field for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL) and Seattle Sounders FC of Major League Soccer (MLS).", "CenturyLink Field __knowledge__ Originally called Seahawks Stadium, it became Qwest Field in June 2004, when telecommunications carrier Qwest acquired the naming rights.", "CenturyLink Field __knowledge__ It received its current name in June 2011 after Qwest's acquisition by CenturyLink.", "CenturyLink Field __knowledge__ It is a modern facility with views of the Downtown Seattle skyline and can seat 69,000 people.", "CenturyLink Field __knowledge__ The complex also includes the Event Center with the Washington Music Theater (WaMu Theater), a parking garage, and a public plaza.", "Richmond Olympic Oval __knowledge__ The Richmond Olympic Oval () is an indoor multi-sports arena in the Canadian city of Richmond, British Columbia.", "Richmond Olympic Oval __knowledge__ The oval was built for the 2010 Winter Olympics and was originally configured with an speed skating rink.", "Richmond Olympic Oval __knowledge__ The venue has since been reconfigured and now serves as a community multi-sport park and includes two ice hockey rinks, two running tracks, a climbing wall, a rowing tank and a flexible area which can be used for, among other sports, basketball, volleyball, indoor soccer and table tennis.", "Richmond Olympic Oval __knowledge__ The Olympic bid called for the oval to be located on the grounds of Simon Fraser University (SFU) in Burnaby, but Richmond was instead selected in 2004.", "Stampesletta __knowledge__ Stampesletta is a multi-use stadium complex in Lillehammer, Norway.", "Stampesletta __knowledge__ Owned and operated by Lillehammer Municipality, it consists of a track and field venue, an artificial turf football field, three natural grass football fields, a gravel field and natural grass training pitches.", "Stampesletta __knowledge__ In addition, it features a club house, locker facilities and a grandstand between the athletics and artificial turf fields.", "Stampesletta __knowledge__ The venue is located about from the town center, and serves as the home ground for the Second Division side Lillehammer FK, Lillehammer KFK, Roterud IL in football, and Lillehammer IF in athletics.", "Stampesletta __knowledge__ Construction of Stampesletta started in 1946 and the grass football field opened in 1949.", "London Stadium __knowledge__ London Stadium (originally known as the Olympic Stadium) is a stadium in Stratford, London, England, at Marshgate Lane in the Lower Lea Valley.", "London Stadium __knowledge__ It was constructed to serve as the home stadium for the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, hosting the track and field events and opening and closing ceremonies.", "London Stadium __knowledge__ It was subsequently renovated as a multi-purpose stadium, with its primary tenants being West Ham United Football Club and British Athletics.", "London Stadium __knowledge__ The stadium is east of Central London.", "London Stadium __knowledge__ Land preparation for the stadium began in mid-2007, with the official construction start date on 22 May 2008, although piling works for the foundation began four weeks before.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Long-distance running, or endurance running, is a form of continuous running over distances of at least eight kilometres (5 miles).", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Physiologically, it is largely aerobic in nature and requires stamina as well as mental strength.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ Among mammals, humans are well adapted for running significant distances, and particularly so among primates.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ The endurance running hypothesis suggests that running endurance in the \"Homo\" genus arose because travelling over large areas improved scavenging opportunities and allowed persistence hunting.", "Long-distance running __knowledge__ The capacity for endurance running is also found in migratory ungulates and a limited number of terrestrial carnivores, such as dogs, wolves and hyenas." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 13, 11 ]

[ "My favorite race is the 100meter dash", "Yeah,especially in the Olympics,its a sprint race in track and field competitions. ", "The race is run In track and field event derived from the sport's typical venue: a stadium with an oval running track enclosing a grass field ", "It would interest you to know that the world record is 9.58 seconds, set by Jamaica's Usain Bolt in 2009, while. omen's world record of 10.49 seconds set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 " ]

[ "100 metres", "100 metres", "100 metres", "100 metres" ]

[ "DreamWorks", "what movies does dreamworks make? I cant remember which company that is", "My favorite would be Shrek. Which one is your favorite?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ DreamWorks Pictures (also known as DreamWorks SKG or DreamWorks Studios, commonly referred to as DreamWorks, trading as Storyteller Distribution Co., LLC) is an American film production label of Amblin Partners.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ It was founded in 1994 as a film studio by Steven Spielberg, Jeffrey Katzenberg and David Geffen (together, SKG), of which they owned 72%.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ The studio was formerly distributing its own and third-party films by itself.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ It has produced or distributed more than ten films with box-office grosses of more than $100 million each.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ As of October 2016, DreamWorks' films are marketed and distributed by Universal Pictures.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ Currently, DreamWorks operates out of offices at Universal Studios.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ In December 2005, the founders agreed to sell the studio to Viacom, parent of Paramount Pictures.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ The sale was completed in February 2006 (this incarnation is now named DW Studios L.L.C.).", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ In 2008, DreamWorks announced its intention to end its partnership with Paramount and signed a $1.5 billion deal to produce films with India's Reliance ADA Group.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ Reliance provided $325M of equity to fund recreating DreamWorks SKG into DreamWorks Studios, an independent entity.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ Clark Hallren, former Managing Director of the Entertainment Industries group of J. P. Morgan Securities, and Alan J. Levine of J. P. Morgan Entertainment Advisors, led the Reliance team in restructuring the company." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ DreamWorks Pictures (also known as DreamWorks SKG or DreamWorks Studios, commonly referred to as DreamWorks, trading as Storyteller Distribution Co., LLC) is an American film production label of Amblin Partners.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ It was founded in 1994 as a film studio by Steven Spielberg, Jeffrey Katzenberg and David Geffen (together, SKG), of which they owned 72%.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ The studio was formerly distributing its own and third-party films by itself.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ It has produced or distributed more than ten films with box-office grosses of more than $100 million each.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ As of October 2016, DreamWorks' films are marketed and distributed by Universal Pictures.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ Currently, DreamWorks operates out of offices at Universal Studios.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ In December 2005, the founders agreed to sell the studio to Viacom, parent of Paramount Pictures.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ The sale was completed in February 2006 (this incarnation is now named DW Studios L.L.C.).", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ In 2008, DreamWorks announced its intention to end its partnership with Paramount and signed a $1.5 billion deal to produce films with India's Reliance ADA Group.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ Reliance provided $325M of equity to fund recreating DreamWorks SKG into DreamWorks Studios, an independent entity.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ Clark Hallren, former Managing Director of the Entertainment Industries group of J. P. Morgan Securities, and Alan J. Levine of J. P. Morgan Entertainment Advisors, led the Reliance team in restructuring the company.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ Track geometry is three-dimensional geometry of track layouts and associated measurements used in design, construction and maintenance of railroad tracks.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ The subject is used in the context of standards, speed limits and other regulations in the areas of track gauge, alignment, elevation, curvature and track surface.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ Although, the geometry of the tracks is three-dimensional by nature, the standards are usually expressed in two separate layouts for horizontal and vertical.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ Horizontal layout is the track layout on the horizontal plane.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ This can be thought of as the plan view which is a view of a 3-dimensional track from the position above the track.", "DreamWorks Animation __knowledge__ DreamWorks Animation, L.L.C.", "DreamWorks Animation __knowledge__ (more commonly known as DreamWorks Animation and DreamWorks Animation SKG, or simply DreamWorks) is an American animation studio that is a subsidiary of Universal Studios, a division of Comcast through its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal.", "DreamWorks Animation __knowledge__ It is based in Glendale, California and produces animated feature films, television programs and online virtual games.", "DreamWorks Animation __knowledge__ The studio has currently released a total of 35 feature films, including the franchises \"Shrek\", \"Madagascar\", \"Kung Fu Panda\", \"How to Train Your Dragon\", \"The Croods\", \"Trolls\" and \"The Boss Baby\".", "DreamWorks Animation __knowledge__ Originally formed under the banner of its main DreamWorks studio in 1997 by some of Amblin Entertainment's former animation branch Amblimation alumni, it was spun off into a separate public company in 2004.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The James Cant Ranch is a pioneer ranch complex in Grant County in eastern Oregon, United States.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The ranch is located on both sides of the John Day River in the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The ranch was originally homesteaded by Floyd Officer in 1890.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ Officer sold the property to James Cant in 1910.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ Cant increased the size of the property and built a modern ranch complex on the west bank of the river.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The National Park Service bought the ranch from the Cant family in 1975, and incorporated the property into the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The National Park Service used the main house as a visitor center until 2003.", "Paramount Pictures __knowledge__ Paramount Pictures Corporation (also known simply as Paramount) is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994.", "Paramount Pictures __knowledge__ Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving film studio in the world, the second oldest in the United States, and the sole member of the \"Big Six\" film studios still located in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood.", "Paramount Pictures __knowledge__ In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor put 22 actors and actresses under contract and honored each with a star on the logo.", "Paramount Pictures __knowledge__ These fortunate few would become the first \"movie stars.\"", "Paramount Pictures __knowledge__ In 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only.", "Shaktimaan __knowledge__ Shaktimaan () is an Indian superhero from the television series of the same name produced by Mukesh Khanna and directed by Dinkar Jani.", "Shaktimaan __knowledge__ Around 400 episodes of the series originally aired on Doordarshan, India's national television network, from 27 September 1997 (barring the introductory episode on 15 September 1997) to 27 March 2005, on Sundays at 12 noon IST.", "Shaktimaan __knowledge__ The telecast slot, however was shifted to 9:30 a.m. for the latter episodes.", "Shaktimaan __knowledge__ It has also aired on Pogo in English, Tarang in Odia and Chutti TV in Tamil, Kochu TV in Malayalam and repeated its Hindi telecast on STAR Utsav.", "Shaktimaan __knowledge__ Mukesh Khanna plays the roles of Shaktimaan, the main protagonist and his alter ego \"Pandit Gangadhar\" Mayadhar Omkarnath Shastri (also known as Vehaan Arya in animated version), a photographer for the newspaper \"Aaj Ki Aawaz\".", "Shrek __knowledge__ Shrek is a 2001 American computer-animated fantasy film loosely based on William Steig's 1990 fairy tale picture book of the same name and directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson in their directorial debut.", "Shrek __knowledge__ It stars the voices of Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, and John Lithgow, and somewhat serves as a parody of other films adapted from numerous fairy tales, mainly animated Disney films.", "Shrek __knowledge__ The film focuses on an ogre named Shrek who finds his swamp overrun by fairy tale creatures who have been banished there by order of the evil Lord Farquaad.", "Shrek __knowledge__ In order to get his swamp back, Shrek makes a deal with Farquaad to bring him a queen in exchange for the deed for his swamp.", "David Geffen __knowledge__ David Lawrence Geffen (born February 21, 1943) is an American business magnate, producer, film studio executive, and philanthropist.", "David Geffen __knowledge__ Geffen created or co-created Asylum Records in 1970, Geffen Records in 1980, DGC Records in 1990, and DreamWorks SKG in 1994.", "David Geffen __knowledge__ His donations to the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and other educational and research donations have widened his fame beyond the entertainment industry.", "David Geffen __knowledge__ David Geffen was born in Borough Park, Brooklyn, New York, to Abraham Geffen and Batya Volovskaya (1909—1988).", "David Geffen __knowledge__ Geffen's mother owned a clothing store in Borough Park called Chic Corsets by Geffen.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ Steven Allan Spielberg (born December 18, 1946) is an American director, producer, and screenwriter.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ He is considered one of the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood era, as well as being viewed as one of the most popular directors and producers in film history.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ In a career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have spanned many themes and genres.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films, such as \"Jaws\" (1975), \"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\" (1977), \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" (1981), and \"E.T.", "Steven Spielberg __knowledge__ the Extra-Terrestrial\" (1982), were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood escapist filmmaking.", "Major film studio __knowledge__ A major film studio is a production and distribution company that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market.", "Major film studio __knowledge__ In the American and international markets, the major film studios, often simply known as the majors, are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85% of U.S. box office revenue.", "Major film studio __knowledge__ The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate.", "DreamWorks Records __knowledge__ DreamWorks Records (often referred in copyright notices as SKG Music, LLC) was an American record label.", "DreamWorks Records __knowledge__ Founded in 1996 by David Geffen, Steven Spielberg and Jeffrey Katzenberg as a subsidiary of DreamWorks SKG, the label operated until 2003 when it was sold to Universal Music Group.", "DreamWorks Records __knowledge__ The label itself also featured a Nashville, Tennessee-based subsidiary, DreamWorks Nashville, which specialized in country music and was shut down in 2005.", "DreamWorks Records __knowledge__ The company's logo was designed by Roy Lichtenstein and was his last commission before his death in 1997.", "DreamWorks Records __knowledge__ In 1996, six years after Geffen sold Geffen Records to MCA Music Entertainment, he joined Spielberg and Katzenberg to form DreamWorks SKG, which included the subsidiary DreamWorks Records.", "Modern animation in the United States __knowledge__ Modern animation of the United States from the late 1980s and 1990s onward is sometimes referred to as the \"renaissance age of American animation\".", "Modern animation in the United States __knowledge__ During this period, many large American entertainment companies reformed and reinvigorated their animation departments following a general decline during the 1970s and 1980s.", "Modern animation in the United States __knowledge__ The United States has had a profound effect on animation worldwide.", "Modern animation in the United States __knowledge__ Since the late 1990s and the 2000s traditional animation would lose interest against digital and Flash animation, naming this current period as the \"millennium age of American animation\".", "Modern animation in the United States __knowledge__ At the start of the 1980s, Walt Disney Productions had been struggling since Walt Disney's death in 1966, and the 1979 departure of Don Bluth and eleven other associates from the animation department dealt Disney a major blow." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ DreamWorks Pictures (also known as DreamWorks SKG or DreamWorks Studios, commonly referred to as DreamWorks, trading as Storyteller Distribution Co., LLC) is an American film production label of Amblin Partners.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ It was founded in 1994 as a film studio by Steven Spielberg, Jeffrey Katzenberg and David Geffen (together, SKG), of which they owned 72%.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ The studio was formerly distributing its own and third-party films by itself.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ It has produced or distributed more than ten films with box-office grosses of more than $100 million each.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ As of October 2016, DreamWorks' films are marketed and distributed by Universal Pictures.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ Currently, DreamWorks operates out of offices at Universal Studios.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ In December 2005, the founders agreed to sell the studio to Viacom, parent of Paramount Pictures.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ The sale was completed in February 2006 (this incarnation is now named DW Studios L.L.C.).", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ In 2008, DreamWorks announced its intention to end its partnership with Paramount and signed a $1.5 billion deal to produce films with India's Reliance ADA Group.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ Reliance provided $325M of equity to fund recreating DreamWorks SKG into DreamWorks Studios, an independent entity.", "DreamWorks __knowledge__ Clark Hallren, former Managing Director of the Entertainment Industries group of J. P. Morgan Securities, and Alan J. Levine of J. P. Morgan Entertainment Advisors, led the Reliance team in restructuring the company.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that appear in the \"Shrek\" franchise and spin-offs from it.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ Shrek (voiced by Mike Myers, Michael Gough as his official voice in the video games) is the lead character in of all of the films.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ He prides himself on being a big, green, terrifying ogre and is ill-tempered and mean.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ He begins the series as an unsociable hermit until he meets his soon-to-be best friend, Donkey.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ In a deal with Lord Farquaad, he and Donkey embark on a quest to save Princess Fiona from the castle in which she was confined.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ Despite their differences, Shrek and Fiona fall in love, marry at the end of the first film, and have three ogre babies in the third film.", "Shrek 2 __knowledge__ Shrek 2 is a 2004 American computer-animated fantasy film produced by DreamWorks Animation, and directed by Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury and Conrad Vernon.", "Shrek 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2001's \"Shrek\".", "Shrek 2 __knowledge__ Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy and Cameron Diaz reprise their respective voice roles of Shrek, Donkey, and Fiona from the first film, joined by Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews, John Cleese, Rupert Everett, and Jennifer Saunders.", "Shrek 2 __knowledge__ Sometime after the first film, Shrek, Donkey and Fiona go to visit Fiona's parents (voiced by Andrews and Cleese), while Shrek and Donkey discover that a greedy Fairy God Mother (voiced by Saunders) is plotting to destroy Shrek and Fiona's marriage so Fiona can marry her son, Prince Charming (voiced by Everett).", "Shrek (franchise) __knowledge__ The \"Shrek\" franchise from DreamWorks Animation, based on William Steig's picture book \"Shrek!", "Shrek (franchise) __knowledge__ \", consists of four computer-animated films including: \"Shrek\" (2001), \"Shrek 2\" (2004), \"Shrek the Third\" (2007), and \"Shrek Forever After\" (2010), with a fifth film planned for a 2019 or 2020 release.", "Shrek (franchise) __knowledge__ A short 4-D film, \"Shrek 4-D\", which originally was a theme park ride, was released in 2003.", "Shrek (franchise) __knowledge__ Two television specials, the Christmas television special \"Shrek the Halls\" (2007) and the Halloween television special \"Scared Shrekless\" (2010), have also been produced.", "Shrek (franchise) __knowledge__ A spin off film titled \"Puss in Boots\" was released in October 2011, and a 2008 Broadway musical adaption was produced for two years.", "Shrek __knowledge__ Shrek is a 2001 American computer-animated fantasy film loosely based on William Steig's 1990 fairy tale picture book of the same name and directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson in their directorial debut.", "Shrek __knowledge__ It stars the voices of Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, and John Lithgow, and somewhat serves as a parody of other films adapted from numerous fairy tales, mainly animated Disney films.", "Shrek __knowledge__ The film focuses on an ogre named Shrek who finds his swamp overrun by fairy tale creatures who have been banished there by order of the evil Lord Farquaad.", "Shrek __knowledge__ In order to get his swamp back, Shrek makes a deal with Farquaad to bring him a queen in exchange for the deed for his swamp.", "Shrek Forever After __knowledge__ Shrek Forever After (often promoted as Shrek: The Final Chapter) is a 2010 American 3D computer-animated fantasy comedy film and the fourth installment in the \"Shrek\" series, produced by DreamWorks Animation and the sequel to 2007's \"Shrek the Third\".", "Shrek Forever After __knowledge__ It was directed by Mike Mitchell, the animator of the second film.", "Shrek Forever After __knowledge__ Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews, John Cleese reprise their previous roles, with Walt Dohrn joining them in the role of Rumpelstiltskin.", "Shrek Forever After __knowledge__ Taking place after \"Shrek the Third\", Shrek is now a family man and beloved among the local villagers.", "Shrek Forever After __knowledge__ Yearning for the days when he was feared, he makes a deal with Rumpelstiltskin and accidentally wipes out his entire existence.", "Donkey (Shrek) __knowledge__ Donkey is a fictional fast-talking donkey created by William Steig and adapted by DreamWorks Animation for the \"Shrek\" franchise.", "Donkey (Shrek) __knowledge__ The character is voiced by Eddie Murphy.", "Donkey (Shrek) __knowledge__ Donkey first makes his debut at a sale of mythical characters from beloved fairy-tales being sold to the evil Lord Farquaad's knights.", "Donkey (Shrek) __knowledge__ An old woman attempts to sell Donkey, but magic pixie dust accidentally is unleashed upon him from a caged fairy, thus giving him the temporary ability to fly.", "Donkey (Shrek) __knowledge__ However, the spell unleashed upon Donkey then breaks and he falls to the ground, being chased by Farquaad's knights into the woods, where he meets Shrek.", "Shrek The Musical __knowledge__ Shrek The Musical is a musical with music by Jeanine Tesori and book and lyrics by David Lindsay-Abaire.", "Shrek The Musical __knowledge__ It is based on the 2001 DreamWorks film \"Shrek\" and William Steig's 1990 book \"Shrek!\".", "Shrek The Musical __knowledge__ After a trial run in Seattle, the original Broadway production opened in December 2008 and closed after a run of over 12 months in January 2010.", "Shrek The Musical __knowledge__ It was followed by a tour of the United States which opened in 2010, and a re-vamped West End production from June 2011 to February 2013.", "Shrek The Musical __knowledge__ Since its debut, the musical's rights have been available for independent theaters overseas, who have chosen to stage their own versions of the show, starting with the 2010 Israel production.", "DreamWorks Animation __knowledge__ DreamWorks Animation, L.L.C.", "DreamWorks Animation __knowledge__ (more commonly known as DreamWorks Animation and DreamWorks Animation SKG, or simply DreamWorks) is an American animation studio that is a subsidiary of Universal Studios, a division of Comcast through its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal.", "DreamWorks Animation __knowledge__ It is based in Glendale, California and produces animated feature films, television programs and online virtual games.", "DreamWorks Animation __knowledge__ The studio has currently released a total of 35 feature films, including the franchises \"Shrek\", \"Madagascar\", \"Kung Fu Panda\", \"How to Train Your Dragon\", \"The Croods\", \"Trolls\" and \"The Boss Baby\".", "DreamWorks Animation __knowledge__ Originally formed under the banner of its main DreamWorks studio in 1997 by some of Amblin Entertainment's former animation branch Amblimation alumni, it was spun off into a separate public company in 2004.", "Kung Fu Panda __knowledge__ Kung Fu Panda is a 2008 American computer-animated action comedy martial arts film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures.", "Kung Fu Panda __knowledge__ It was directed by John Stevenson and Mark Osborne and produced by Melissa Cobb, and stars the voices of Jack Black, Dustin Hoffman, Angelina Jolie, Ian McShane, Seth Rogen, Lucy Liu, David Cross, Randall Duk Kim, James Hong, and Jackie Chan.", "Kung Fu Panda __knowledge__ Set in a version of ancient China populated by anthropomorphic talking animals, the plot revolves around a bumbling panda named Po who aspires to be a kung fu master.", "Kung Fu Panda __knowledge__ When an evil kung fu warrior is foretold to escape after twenty years in prison, Po is unwittingly named the chosen one destined to defeat him and bring peace to the land, much to the chagrin of the resident kung fu warriors.", "DreamWorks Experience __knowledge__ DreamWorks Experience is a themed land at the Dreamworld theme park on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.", "DreamWorks Experience __knowledge__ Themed after DreamWorks Animation and its franchises including \"Shrek\", \"Madagascar\" and \"Kung Fu Panda\", it replaced the existing children's area at the park which has previously been themed to Nickelodeon and themed generically.", "DreamWorks Experience __knowledge__ The DreamWorks Experience officially opened on 31 March 2012.", "DreamWorks Experience __knowledge__ The area which \"DreamWorks Experience\" currently occupies was originally known as \"Village Green\" when it opened in 1983.", "DreamWorks Experience __knowledge__ In 1998, the area was renamed to \"Village Oval\".", "DreamWorks Experience __knowledge__ In 1999, the northern end of Village Oval was redesigned to become \"Kennyland\".", "DreamWorks Animation in amusement parks __knowledge__ Since the early 2000s, \"DreamWorks Animation\", an American animation studio, now owned by NBCUniversal as of 2016, has had an involvement in the creation and theming of amusement park rides and attractions.", "DreamWorks Animation in amusement parks __knowledge__ This article details the ventures of DreamWorks Animation in amusement parks.", "DreamWorks Animation in amusement parks __knowledge__ In 2003, Universal Parks & Resorts opened the 4D film called Shrek 4-D at Universal Studios Florida, Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Studios Japan.", "DreamWorks Animation in amusement parks __knowledge__ The film is chronologically sequenced between the original 2001 film Shrek and Shrek 2 which was released in 2004.", "DreamWorks Animation in amusement parks __knowledge__ In 2005 and 2008, Shrek 4-D was added to Warner Bros. Movie World and Movie Park Germany respectively (the film was later removed from Warner Bros. Movie World and Movie Park Germany in favour of Journey to the Center of the Earth 4-D Adventure and Ice Age: The 4D Experience)." ] ]

[ 2, 20, 28 ]

[ "Dreamworks was founded by Steven Spielberg, Jeffrey Katzenbertg and David Geffen, SKG, in 1994 as a film studio.", "Dreamworks is responsiblbe for Shrek, Madagascar, KungFu Panda and many more!", "Shrek was one of my favorites as well! I loved Eddie Murphy as the donkey! There were other stars too such as Cameron Diaz and John Lithgow!" ]

[ "DreamWorks", "DreamWorks", "DreamWorks" ]

[ "Linebacker", "Oh really. How tall do you have to be to be a linebacker?", "Gotcha. I'm not super familiar with a lot of terms in football. What is a blitz?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A linebacker (LB or backer) is a playing position in American football and Canadian football.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are members of the defensive team, and line up approximately three to five yards (4 m) behind the line of scrimmage, behind the defensive linemen, and therefore \"back up the line.\"", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a \"two-point stance\" (as opposed to the defensive linemen, who put one or two hands on the ground for a \"three-point stance\" or \"four-point stance\" before the ball is snapped).", "Linebacker __knowledge__ The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run protection or extra pass protection based on the particular defensive play being executed.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ When a blitz is called by the defense, it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense's quarterback.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense, due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass protection, when required.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Similar to the \"free safety\" position, linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap, to determine their role during that particular play." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A linebacker (LB or backer) is a playing position in American football and Canadian football.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are members of the defensive team, and line up approximately three to five yards (4 m) behind the line of scrimmage, behind the defensive linemen, and therefore \"back up the line.\"", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a \"two-point stance\" (as opposed to the defensive linemen, who put one or two hands on the ground for a \"three-point stance\" or \"four-point stance\" before the ball is snapped).", "Linebacker __knowledge__ The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run protection or extra pass protection based on the particular defensive play being executed.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ When a blitz is called by the defense, it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense's quarterback.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense, due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass protection, when required.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Similar to the \"free safety\" position, linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap, to determine their role during that particular play.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Blaine Devon Anderson is a fictional character from the American musical comedy-drama television series \"Glee\".", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Played by Darren Criss, Blaine was introduced in the sixth episode of the second season as the openly gay lead singer of the Dalton Academy Warblers, a rival show choir to New Directions, the show's primary musical group.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Blaine initially served as a mentor for New Directions member Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer).", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Chemistry between the two, combined with fan support for the couple, led series co-creator Ryan Murphy to pair them romantically.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Their relationship has been well received by critics, and they have been named \"one of the most beloved TV couples of the millennium\" by Jarett Wieselman of the \"New York Post\".", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ Take It From Here (often referred to as TIFH, pronounced — and sometimes humorously spelt — \"TIFE\") is a British radio comedy programme broadcast by the BBC between 1948 and 1960.", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ It was written by Frank Muir and Denis Norden, and starred Jimmy Edwards, Dick Bentley and Joy Nichols.", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ When Nichols moved to New York City in 1953, she was replaced by June Whitfield and Alma Cogan.", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ The show is perhaps most famous for introducing \"The Glums\".", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ Through \"TIFH\" Muir and Norden reinvented British post-war radio comedy — amongst other influences, it was one of the first shows with a significant segment consisting of parody of film and book styles, later used extensively in programmes such as \"Round the Horne\" and many television programmes.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ \"I Am Unicorn\" is the second episode of the third season of the American musical television series \"Glee\", and the forty-sixth overall.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ The episode was written by series co-creator Ryan Murphy, directed by series co-creator Brad Falchuk, and first aired on September 27, 2011 on Fox in the United States.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ It features the return of Shelby Corcoran (Idina Menzel) to the show to direct a rival glee club at William McKinley High even while New Directions, the current club, is having trouble recruiting members.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ Shelby also wants Quinn (Dianna Agron) and Puck (Mark Salling), the biological parents of her adopted daughter Beth, to be a part of Beth's life.", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ The songs and yells of the University of Trinity College in the University of Toronto are diverse.", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ Many of the songs seem archaic and bizarre to outsiders, but are a cherished part of daily life in the college, and are of diverse and often obscure origins.", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ The predominant sources are twofold: some are inherited directly from the Oxbridge universities in England, while many of the more recent have their roots in periods and events in Trinity's own history.", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ The college song, Met'Agona Stephanos, has been rewritten so many times that it now includes both Greek and Latin verses.", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ The first Latin verse, Nimium Cervisi, was an epinikion, a victory ode sung after the annual steeplechase run on St. Simon and St. Jude's Day, the 28th of October.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean female mountaineer.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ She is the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ On April 27, 2010, she reached the Annapurna summit.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh claimed she had climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat, but her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun later admitted that she had to stop a few hundred meters before the Kangchenjunga summit — therefore the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that Oh did not climb that peak, and the mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered that Edurne Pasaban is the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks.", "2013 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ The Chicago Bears season was the franchise's 94th season in the National Football League.", "2013 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ The season was the first year under head coach Marc Trestman, as Lovie Smith was fired on December 31, 2012.", "2013 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ The team played at Soldier Field for the 11th season since its reconstruction in 2001.", "2013 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ The Bears failed to qualify for the playoffs with an 8–8 record, the sixth time in seven years since the Super Bowl XLI loss in 2006.", "2013 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ The Bears started the regular season by winning their first three games before losing in weeks four and five to the Detroit Lions and New Orleans Saints, respectively.", "2013 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ The following game after winning against the New York Giants, quarterback Jay Cutler suffered a groin injury against the Washington Redskins, as the Bears entered the bye week at 4–3.", "Julius Peppers __knowledge__ Julius Frazier Peppers (born January 18, 1980) is an American football defensive end for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL).", "Julius Peppers __knowledge__ He played college football at North Carolina, where he was recognized as a unanimous All-American, and was drafted by the Panthers second overall in the 2002 NFL Draft.", "Julius Peppers __knowledge__ Peppers also played for the Chicago Bears from through and the Green Bay Packers from to .", "Julius Peppers __knowledge__ Peppers has been named to the Pro Bowl nine times, and both the first and second All-Pro teams three times each.", "Julius Peppers __knowledge__ In his rookie season, he was named NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year in , where he recorded 12 sacks, five forced fumbles, and an interception, all while playing in only 12 games.", "List of Eyeshield 21 characters __knowledge__ The \"Eyeshield 21\" anime and manga series features an extensive cast of characters created by Riichiro Inagaki and Yusuke Murata.", "List of Eyeshield 21 characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in Tokyo, Japan, where the members of Deimon Devil Bats have the ambition to compete at the Christmas Bowl, the most important high school American football championship of the country.", "List of Eyeshield 21 characters __knowledge__ The main character of the series is Sena Kobayakawa, a wimpy boy who was a gofer to avoid being bullied during his childhood; he enters Deimon High School.", "List of Eyeshield 21 characters __knowledge__ While he runs away from the Ha-Ha Brothers his running ability is witnessed by Yoichi Hiruma, the captain of the Deimon Devil Bats, the school's American football team.", "Luke Kuechly __knowledge__ Luke August Kuechly (; born April 20, 1991) is an American football linebacker for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL).", "Luke Kuechly __knowledge__ He was drafted by the Panthers ninth overall in the 2012 NFL Draft.", "Luke Kuechly __knowledge__ He played college football at Boston College where he was recognized twice as a consensus All-American.", "Luke Kuechly __knowledge__ Kuechly had an immediate impact his rookie season, as he led the NFL in tackles and won the Associated Press 2012 NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year award, becoming the third youngest recipient in its history.", "Luke Kuechly __knowledge__ In 2013, Kuechly became the youngest recipient of the AP NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award in its history.", "Cato June __knowledge__ Cato Nnamdi June (born November 18, 1979) is a former American football linebacker and high-school football coach.", "Cato June __knowledge__ He was selected by the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL) in the sixth round of the 2003 NFL Draft.", "Cato June __knowledge__ A 2006 Pro Bowl choice, June was a member of the Super Bowl XLI champion Colts that defeated the Chicago Bears.", "Cato June __knowledge__ During the Super Bowl championship season, June was the Colts' leading tackler.", "Cato June __knowledge__ In addition to his tenure with the Colts, he played in the NFL for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.", "Cato June __knowledge__ Before becoming a professional, he played college football at Michigan and was an outstanding athlete in high school football, basketball, track and field and baseball at Anacostia High School in Washington, D.C. As a senior, he was widely regarded to be the best high school football player in the District of Columbia.", "2015 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ The 2015 Chicago Bears season was the franchise's 96th season in the National Football League.", "2015 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ After the firing of general manager Phil Emery and head coach Marc Trestman following the 2014 season, the team hired former New Orleans Saints director of player personnel Ryan Pace and Denver Broncos head coach John Fox to fill those positions, respectively.", "2015 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ Fox's hiring marked the Bears' third head coach in four seasons.", "2015 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ The Bears entered the 2015 season with hopes of improving their 5–11 record in 2014.", "2015 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ The team started the regular season on a poor note, losing their first three games.", "2015 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ In the following eight games, the team went 5–3, including a Thanksgiving win over the rival Green Bay Packers.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ Aaliyah Dana Haughton (; January 16, 1979 – August 25, 2001) was an American singer, actress, and model.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ She was born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in Detroit, Michigan.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ At the age of 10, she appeared on the television show \"Star Search\" and performed in concert alongside Gladys Knight.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ At age 12, Aaliyah signed with Jive Records and her uncle Barry Hankerson's Blackground Records.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ Hankerson introduced her to R. Kelly, who became her mentor, as well as lead songwriter and producer of her debut album, \"Age Ain't Nothing but a Number\".", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ The album sold three million copies in the United States and was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A linebacker (LB or backer) is a playing position in American football and Canadian football.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are members of the defensive team, and line up approximately three to five yards (4 m) behind the line of scrimmage, behind the defensive linemen, and therefore \"back up the line.\"", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a \"two-point stance\" (as opposed to the defensive linemen, who put one or two hands on the ground for a \"three-point stance\" or \"four-point stance\" before the ball is snapped).", "Linebacker __knowledge__ The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run protection or extra pass protection based on the particular defensive play being executed.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ When a blitz is called by the defense, it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense's quarterback.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense, due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass protection, when required.", "Linebacker __knowledge__ Similar to the \"free safety\" position, linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap, to determine their role during that particular play.", "Gotcha (song) __knowledge__ \"Gotcha\" is a song recorded by Australian singer and songwriter Jessica Mauboy for the soundtrack album \"The Sapphires\" to the 2012 musical film of the same name, in which Mauboy stars as Julie McCrae.", "Gotcha (song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Mauboy, Louis Schoorl and Ilan Kidron, and produced by The Schoolkids.", "Gotcha (song) __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from the soundtrack album on 13 July 2012.", "Gotcha (song) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Gotcha\" is an upbeat pop and swing dance song, which incorporates influences of motown and elements of 1960s music.", "Gotcha (song) __knowledge__ \"Gotcha\" garnered positive reviews from music critics, who praised its sound.", "Gotcha (song) __knowledge__ The song peaked at number 43 on the ARIA Singles Chart and number 11 on the ARIA Urban Singles Chart, and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA).", "Gotcha (video game) __knowledge__ Gotcha is an arcade game developed by Atari and released in October 1973.", "Gotcha (video game) __knowledge__ It was the fourth game by the company, after the 1972 \"Pong\", which marked the beginning of the commercial video game industry, and the 1973 \"Space Race\" and \"Pong Doubles\".", "Gotcha (video game) __knowledge__ In the game, two players move through a maze, which continually changes over time.", "Gotcha (video game) __knowledge__ One player, the Pursuer, attempts to catch the other, the Pursued; if they do, a point is scored, and the players reset positions.", "Gotcha (video game) __knowledge__ The game emits an electronic beeping sound, which increases in pace as the Pursuer gets closer to the Pursued, and each game lasts a set amount of time.", "Gotcha Day __knowledge__ \"Gotcha Day\" is a phrase that denotes the anniversary of the day on which a new member joins a family in the adoption process.", "Gotcha Day __knowledge__ It is sometimes also called \"Homecoming Day\",\"Family Day\", or \"Adoption Day\" - although the date can be different from date on which the legal adoption is made final.", "Gotcha Day __knowledge__ 'Gotcha Day' is often associated with annual rituals or celebrations, much like a birthday.", "Gotcha Day __knowledge__ There is contemporary debate that the tradition and especially the phrase \"gotcha\" is offensive to adoptees.", "Gotcha Day __knowledge__ The International Association Of Adopted People discourages the use of the term because of the recent history of kidnapping and forced adoptions.", "Gotcha Force __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with , one of the English versions of Gatchaman.\"", "Gotcha Force __knowledge__ Upon its initial release the game received mediocre reviews from critics and very little advertising.", "Gotcha Force __knowledge__ Due to these circumstances, it was not commercially successful, although it has gained a cult following with numerous high fan reviews.", "Gotcha Force __knowledge__ Capcom themselves seem to consider the game as one of their favorites, as the official Japanese website is stocked with concept art, videos, and screenshots of the developers messing around.", "Gotcha Force __knowledge__ There is also a toy and manga line in Japan though it is extremely rare.", "Gotcha Force __knowledge__ In March 2012, Capcom reprinted copies for the GameCube in Japan 9 years after its original release, which stirred talk of a possible future sequel to come.", "Gotcha! (band) __knowledge__ Gotch!", "Gotcha! (band) __knowledge__ is a Dutch Funk Band founded in 1989; their music, a mixture of sixties-trip-rock with funk and hip-hop, is influenced by George Clinton.", "Gotcha! (band) __knowledge__ Gotcha!", "Gotcha! (band) __knowledge__ took part in national band contest de Grote Prijs van Nederland; they settled for bronze but were offered a record-contract.", "Gotcha! (band) __knowledge__ In 1991 they released their debut album \"Words and Music from the Lowlands\" included the singles \"Da Ten Is Mightier Than the Sword\" and \"Mathilda the Wicked Witch\".", "Gotcha! (band) __knowledge__ In 1992 they previewed new tracks on a radio and TV concert with 17-year-old rapper Michael Parkinson of later Postmen-fame standing in for Ten.", "Gotcha! (band) __knowledge__ The studio-versions of \"Naked\", \"MTV-ling\" and \"Where Have You Been So Long\" appeared in 1993 on \"GOTCHA!", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ The \"Tiny Toon Adventures\" animated television series features an extensive cast of characters.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ The show's central characters are mostly various forms of anthropomorphic animals, based on Looney Tunes characters from earlier films and shows.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ In the series, the characters attend a school called Acme Looniversity, set in the cartoon community of Acme Acres.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ Buster Bunny (initially voiced by Charlie Adler and later by John Kassir) is a main character of the show along with Babs Bunny.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ Buster is a young, blue-and-white male rabbit with a red shirt and white gloves.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ Bugs Bunny is his mentor.", "List of Tiny Toon Adventures characters __knowledge__ In the last episode, \"It's a Wonderful Tiny Toon Christmas Special\", Babs states that Buster is indeed her boyfriend.", "Gotcha! (1985 film) __knowledge__ Gotcha!", "Gotcha! (1985 film) __knowledge__ is a 1985 comedy-action film, starring Anthony Edwards and Linda Fiorentino and directed by Jeff Kanew, who also directed Anthony Edwards in \"Revenge of the Nerds\" in 1984.", "Gotcha! (1985 film) __knowledge__ Edwards portrays an American college student whose European vacation crosses paths with a mysterious spy portrayed by Fiorentino.", "Gotcha! (1985 film) __knowledge__ Critical reviews were mixed and the film was not a financial success.", "Gotcha! (1985 film) __knowledge__ UCLA college student Jonathan Moore (Anthony Edwards) is playing a game called \"Gotcha\" (popular on mid-1980s college campuses as \"Assassin\" or \"Tag\"), wherein the players are all assigned a mock \"hit\" on another player by use of a harmless paintball gun.", "Lugansk Airlines __knowledge__ Lugansk Airlines () was an airline based in Luhansk, Ukraine.", "Lugansk Airlines __knowledge__ It operated services within Ukraine as well as the wet leasing of its aircraft.", "Lugansk Airlines __knowledge__ Its main base was Luhansk International Airport.", "Lugansk Airlines __knowledge__ In 1992 Air Ukraine was formed by the resources of various Ukrainian Aeroflot divisions, the Luhansk division being one of them.", "Lugansk Airlines __knowledge__ After Air Ukraine's bankruptcy Lugansk Airlines became an independent company.", "Lugansk Airlines __knowledge__ In 2010 Lugansk Airlines ceased all operations due to bankruptcy.", "Lugansk Airlines __knowledge__ The Lugansk Airlines fleet consisted of the following:", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ The early skyscrapers were a range of tall, commercial buildings built between 1884 and 1939, predominantly in the American cities of New York City and Chicago.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ Cities in the United States were traditionally made up of low-rise buildings, but significant economic growth after the Civil War and increasingly intensive use of urban land encouraged the development of taller buildings beginning in the 1870s.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ Technological improvements enabled the construction of fireproofed iron-framed structures with deep foundations, equipped with new inventions such as the elevator and electric lighting.", "Early skyscrapers __knowledge__ These made it both technically and commercially viable to build a new class of taller buildings, the first of which, Chicago's tall Home Insurance Building, opened in 1885.", "St Paul's Cathedral __knowledge__ St Paul's Cathedral, London, is an Anglican cathedral, the seat of the Bishop of London and the mother church of the Diocese of London.", "St Paul's Cathedral __knowledge__ It sits on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grade I listed building.", "St Paul's Cathedral __knowledge__ Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site, founded in AD 604.", "St Paul's Cathedral __knowledge__ The present cathedral, dating from the late 17th century, was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren.", "St Paul's Cathedral __knowledge__ Its construction, completed in Wren's lifetime, was part of a major rebuilding programme in the City after the Great Fire of London.", "St Paul's Cathedral __knowledge__ The cathedral is one of the most famous and most recognisable sights of London.", "Lock (water navigation) __knowledge__ A lock is a device used for raising and lowering boats, ships and other watercraft between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways.", "Lock (water navigation) __knowledge__ The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber in which the water level can be varied; whereas in a caisson lock, a boat lift, or on a canal inclined plane, it is the chamber itself (usually then called a caisson) that rises and falls.", "Lock (water navigation) __knowledge__ Locks are used to make a river more easily navigable, or to allow a canal to cross land that is not level.", "Lock (water navigation) __knowledge__ Later canals used more and larger locks to allow a more direct route to be taken.", "Lock (water navigation) __knowledge__ Since 2016, the largest lock worldwide is the Kieldrecht Lock in the Port of Antwerp, Belgium.", "History of Toronto Island Airport __knowledge__ Originally conceived in the 1930s as the main airport for Toronto, the Toronto island airport (today known as Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport) has long been a source for political debate as to the proper use of its waterfront site in central Toronto.", "History of Toronto Island Airport __knowledge__ Building the airport necessitated the closure of park lands, a hotel, cottages and an amusement park on the Toronto Island site.", "History of Toronto Island Airport __knowledge__ Construction of the airport in the late 1930s was stopped and started and its final construction only went ahead after the death of the Toronto mayor who had opposed its construction.", "History of Toronto Island Airport __knowledge__ At the same time, Toronto built Malton Airport as a secondary air field, but it was Malton that became Toronto's main airport.", "The Blitz __knowledge__ The Blitz was a German bombing offensive against Britain in 1940 and 1941, during the Second World War.", "The Blitz __knowledge__ The term was first used by the British press and is the German word for 'lightning'.", "The Blitz __knowledge__ The Germans conducted mass air attacks against industrial targets, towns and cities, beginning with raids on London towards the end of the Battle of Britain in 1940, a battle for daylight air superiority between the \"Luftwaffe\" and the Royal Air Force over the United Kingdom.", "The Blitz __knowledge__ By September 1940, the \"Luftwaffe\" had failed and the German air fleets (\"Luftflotten\") were ordered to attack London, to draw RAF Fighter Command into a battle of annihilation.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The following is a description of the various and alternating rules of gridiron football.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Numerous leagues or organizations tend to send a laundry list of rules in order to better distinguish themselves from their counterparts.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ American football is played on a field .", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The longer boundary lines are \"sidelines\", while the shorter boundary lines are \"end lines\".", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Sidelines and end lines are out of bounds.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Near each end of the field is a \"goal line\"; they are apart.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ A scoring area called an \"end zone\" extends beyond each goal line to each end line.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The end zone includes the goal line but not the end line." ] ]

[ 1, 6, 7 ]

[ "I always wanted to be a linebacker in high school, but I was too small to play the position", "There is not a set height, but you need to be a tall enough to block passes when you blitz", "A blitz is sending an extra player to tackle or sack the quarterback. Most linebackers are at least 6 feet tall" ]

[ "Linebacker", "Linebacker", "Linebacker" ]

[ "Common cold\nHi, I have a cold. Can you help?", "Do you know how to cure it? I'm very sick. ", "Do you know what fruits contain a lot of vitamin C? I'll need to go to the grocery store to buy something. ", "Perhaps I can find some capsules of vitamin C. Or maybe gummies. I have a hard time taking pills sometimes. ", "Thanks. Is there anything else I should know about treating my cold?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Common cold __knowledge__ The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The throat, sinuses, and larynx may also be affected.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms may appear less than two days after exposure to the virus.", "Common cold __knowledge__ These may include coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, headache, and fever.", "Common cold __knowledge__ People usually recover in seven to ten days, but some symptoms may last up to three weeks.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Occasionally those with other health problems may develop pneumonia.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in causing the common cold, with rhinoviruses being the most common.", "Common cold __knowledge__ They spread through the air during close contact with infected people or indirectly through contact with objects in the environment, followed by transfer to the mouth or nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Risk factors include going to daycare, not sleeping well, and psychological stress.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The symptoms are mostly due to the body's immune response to the infection rather than to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves.", "Common cold __knowledge__ In contrast, those affected by influenza can show similar symptoms as people with a cold, but symptoms are usually more severe.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Additionally, the influenza is less likely to result in a runny nose.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2009–10 season is Sunderland's third consecutive season in the top division of English football, the Premier League.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Ricky Sbragia was replaced by Steve Bruce in the close season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ His aim is to improve on the club's 16th position the previous season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in the Premier League with 24 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Andy Reid was the top scorer in the League Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Fraizer Campbell was the top scorer in the FA Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in all competitions with 25 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ At the end of the season, Darren Bent won both the club's official Player of the Season and the SAFC Supporters' Association awards.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ In January 2004, Sony announced the Hi-MD media storage format as a further development of the MiniDisc format.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ With its release in later 2004, came the ability to use newly developed, high-capacity 1 gigabyte Hi-MD discs, sporting the same dimensions as regular MiniDiscs.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The Hi-MD format can be considered obsolete as the last recorder/player was discontinued in 2011.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The discs themselves were withdrawn from sale in September 2012, though regular MiniDiscs are still available ().", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ Hi-MD offers the choice of several codecs for audio recording: PCM, Hi-SP and Hi-LP, each selectable on the Hi-MD Walkman itself.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ Hi-5 is an Australian children's television series, originally produced by Kids Like Us and later Southern Star for the Nine Network and created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The program is known for its educational content, and for the cast of the program, who became a recognised musical group for children outside of the series, known collectively as Hi-5.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ It has generated discussion about what is considered appropriate television for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series premiered in April 1999 on the Nine Network.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series is designed for a pre-school audience, featuring five performers who educate and entertain through music, movement and play.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ A hi-hat, also spelled hihat or high-hat, is a combination of two cymbals, a foot-operated pedal which moves a rod which in turn moves one of the cymbals, all mounted on a metal stand.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ Hihats are an essential part of the standard drum kit used by drummers in many popular music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ every genre of rock music) and traditional music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ blues) styles.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ It consists of a mating pair of small to medium-sized cymbals mounted on a stand, with the two cymbals facing each other.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ The bottom cymbal is fixed and the top is mounted on a rod which moves the top cymbal towards the bottom one when a foot pedal is depressed (a hihat that is in this position is said to be \"closed\" or \"closed hihats\").", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ The Fugitive: Plan B () is a 2010 South Korean action television series, starring Rain and Lee Na-young.", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ It aired on KBS2 from September 29 to December 8, 2010 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ The series was directed by Kwak Jung-hwan and written by Cheon Sung-il, the same team behind \"The Slave Hunters\".", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ The rights to the series were sold to seven countries in Asia including Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, Thailand, Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ Prior to the series' timeline, Ji-woo (Rain), a young, rich and cunning Korean private investigator handled the case of an Asian couple who died at a casino in Las Vegas." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Common cold __knowledge__ The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The throat, sinuses, and larynx may also be affected.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms may appear less than two days after exposure to the virus.", "Common cold __knowledge__ These may include coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, headache, and fever.", "Common cold __knowledge__ People usually recover in seven to ten days, but some symptoms may last up to three weeks.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Occasionally those with other health problems may develop pneumonia.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in causing the common cold, with rhinoviruses being the most common.", "Common cold __knowledge__ They spread through the air during close contact with infected people or indirectly through contact with objects in the environment, followed by transfer to the mouth or nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Risk factors include going to daycare, not sleeping well, and psychological stress.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The symptoms are mostly due to the body's immune response to the infection rather than to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves.", "Common cold __knowledge__ In contrast, those affected by influenza can show similar symptoms as people with a cold, but symptoms are usually more severe.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Additionally, the influenza is less likely to result in a runny nose.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "The Cure __knowledge__ The Cure are an English rock band formed in Crawley, West Sussex in 1976.", "The Cure __knowledge__ The band has experienced several line-up changes, with vocalist, guitarist, and principal songwriter Robert Smith being the only constant member.", "The Cure __knowledge__ Their debut single \"Killing an Arab\" (1978) and debut album \"Three Imaginary Boys\" (1979) were important records in the development of the post-punk and new wave movements that developed in the wake of the punk rock scene in the United Kingdom.", "The Cure __knowledge__ During the early 1980s, the band's increasingly dark and tormented music (as well as Smith's unique stage look) was a staple of the emerging style of music known as gothic rock.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ Manuel Córdova-Rios (November 22, 1887 – November 22, 1978) was a vegetalista (herbalist) of the upper Amazon, and the subject of several popular books.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ The young mestizo joined a company that left Iquitos for the surrounding Amazon forest to cut rubber trees.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ He was apparently captured by a native tribe, among whom he then lived for seven years.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ The elderly chief taught him in intensive private sessions traditional knowledge, e.g., about medicinal plants of the jungle, and about leadership.", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ From the tribe he learned hunting skills and acquired the name \"Ino Moxo\" (black jaguar).", "Manuel Córdova-Rios __knowledge__ The chief also led group sessions using ayahuasca.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ \"The Vampire Diaries\" is an American fantasy-drama television series which was first broadcast on The CW from 2009 to 2017, airing 171 episodes over 8 seasons.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec adapted the TV series from L.J.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Smith's novel series of the same name.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Some of the characters appeared in the spin-off series, \"The Originals\".", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ The series is set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ The focal points of the show are a love triangle – involving Elena Gilbert and vampire brothers Stefan and Damon Salvatore – and the town's supernatural history, involving Elena's friends and relatives.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Sick leave (or paid sick days or sick pay) is time off from work that workers can use to stay home to address their health and safety needs without losing pay.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Paid sick leave is a statutory requirement in many nations.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Most European, many Latin American, a few African and a few Asian countries have legal requirements for paid sick leave.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ The Book of Leviticus prescribed (7) days of medical isolation for a skin condition in chapter 13.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Already in 1500 BCE, at least some of the workers who built the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs received paid sick leave as well as state-supported health care.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ In nations without laws mandating paid sick leave, some employers choose to offer it.", "1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic __knowledge__ During the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793 in Philadelphia, 5,000 or more people were listed in the official register of deaths between August 1 and November 9.", "1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic __knowledge__ The vast majority of them died of yellow fever, making the epidemic in the city of 50,000 people one of the most severe in United States history.", "1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic __knowledge__ By the end of September, 20,000 people had fled the city.", "1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic __knowledge__ The mortality rate peaked in October, before frost finally killed the mosquitoes and brought an end to the epidemic in November.", "1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic __knowledge__ Doctors tried a variety of treatments, but knew neither the origin of the fever nor that it was transmitted by mosquitoes (which was not verified until the late nineteenth century).", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ The common cold, or simply cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ The cold is indeed common, and is a significant cause for absences from work and school.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ Even before the discovery of vitamin C, folklore had it that certain fruits were effective in both preventing and treating the cold.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ After scientific identification of vitamin C in the early part of the 20th century, research began into the possible effects of the vitamin against the common cold.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ Vitamin C has not decreased the frequency of colds in the general population, but it has halved the frequency of colds in people under heavy short-term physical stress.", "Influenza __knowledge__ Influenza, commonly known as \"the flu\", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.", "Influenza __knowledge__ Symptoms can be mild to severe.", "Influenza __knowledge__ The most common symptoms include: a high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, headache, coughing, and feeling tired.", "Influenza __knowledge__ These symptoms typically begin two days after exposure to the virus and most last less than a week.", "Influenza __knowledge__ The cough, however, may last for more than two weeks.", "Influenza __knowledge__ In children, there may be nausea and vomiting, but these are not common in adults.", "Influenza __knowledge__ Nausea and vomiting occur more commonly in the unrelated infection gastroenteritis, which is sometimes inaccurately referred to as \"stomach flu\" or the \"24-hour flu\".", "Virus __knowledge__ A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.", "Virus __knowledge__ Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.", "Virus __knowledge__ Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants, and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, about 5,000 virus species have been described in detail, although there are millions of types.", "Virus __knowledge__ Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most abundant type of biological entity.", "Virus __knowledge__ The study of viruses is known as virology, a sub-speciality of microbiology.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ SNOMED CT or SNOMED Clinical Terms is a systematically organized computer processable collection of medical terms providing codes, terms, synonyms and definitions used in clinical documentation and reporting.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ SNOMED CT is considered to be the most comprehensive, multilingual clinical healthcare terminology in the world.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ The primary purpose of SNOMED CT is to encode the meanings that are used in health information and to support the effective clinical recording of data with the aim of improving patient care.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ SNOMED CT provides the core general terminology for electronic health records.", "SNOMED CT __knowledge__ SNOMED CT comprehensive coverage includes: clinical findings, symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, body structures, organisms and other etiologies, substances, pharmaceuticals, devices and specimens.", "Rhinovirus __knowledge__ The rhinovirus (from the Greek \"rhis\" \"nose\", \"rhinos\" \"of the nose\", and the Latin \"vīrus\") is the most common viral infectious agent in humans and is the predominant cause of the common cold.", "Rhinovirus __knowledge__ Rhinovirus infection proliferates in temperatures between 33–35 °C (91–95 °F), the temperatures found in the nose.", "Rhinovirus __knowledge__ Rhinoviruses is a genus within the \"Picornaviridae\" family of viruses.", "Rhinovirus __knowledge__ There are currently around 160 recognized types of human rhinoviruses that differ according to their surface proteins (serotypes).", "Rhinovirus __knowledge__ They are lytic in nature and are among the smallest viruses, with diameters of about 30 nanometers.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Alternative treatments used for the common cold include numerous home remedies and alternative medicines.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Scientific research regarding the efficacy of each treatment is generally nonexistent or inconclusive.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Current best evidence indicates prevention, including hand washing and neatness, and management of symptoms.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Many believe that cold temperature can cause and therefore prevention of exposure to cold temperature can prevent the common cold.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Evidence does not support this association.", "Alternative treatments used for the common cold __knowledge__ Vitamin C was identified in the early part of the previous century and there was much interest in its possible effects on various infections including the common cold." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Common cold __knowledge__ The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The throat, sinuses, and larynx may also be affected.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms may appear less than two days after exposure to the virus.", "Common cold __knowledge__ These may include coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, headache, and fever.", "Common cold __knowledge__ People usually recover in seven to ten days, but some symptoms may last up to three weeks.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Occasionally those with other health problems may develop pneumonia.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in causing the common cold, with rhinoviruses being the most common.", "Common cold __knowledge__ They spread through the air during close contact with infected people or indirectly through contact with objects in the environment, followed by transfer to the mouth or nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Risk factors include going to daycare, not sleeping well, and psychological stress.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The symptoms are mostly due to the body's immune response to the infection rather than to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves.", "Common cold __knowledge__ In contrast, those affected by influenza can show similar symptoms as people with a cold, but symptoms are usually more severe.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Additionally, the influenza is less likely to result in a runny nose.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and -ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ The disease scurvy is prevented and treated with vitamin C-containing foods or dietary supplements.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Evidence does not support use in the general population for the prevention of the common cold.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ There is, however, some evidence that regular use may shorten the length of colds.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ It is unclear if supplementation affects the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or dementia.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ It may be taken by mouth or by injection.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Vitamin C is generally well tolerated.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Large doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, trouble sleeping, and flushing of the skin.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ Scurvy is a disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C. Early symptoms include weakness, feeling tired, and sore arms and legs.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ Without treatment, decreased red blood cells, gum disease, changes to hair, and bleeding from the skin may occur.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ As scurvy worsens there can be poor wound healing, personality changes, and finally death from infection or bleeding.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ Typically, scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ It takes at least a month of little to no vitamin C before symptoms occur.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ In modern times, it occurs most commonly in people with mental disorders, unusual eating habits, alcoholism, and old people who live alone.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ Linus Carl Pauling (; February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 dealt with scientific topics.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ \"New Scientist\" called him one of the 20 greatest scientists of all time, and as of 2000, he was rated the 16th most important scientist in history.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ Pauling was one of the founders of the fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ His contributions to the theory of the chemical bond include the concept of orbital hybridisation and the first accurate scale of electronegativities of the elements.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ Vitamin C megadosage is a term describing the consumption or injection of vitamin C (ascorbate) in doses comparable to the amounts produced by the livers of most other mammals.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ Such dosages correspond to amounts well beyond the current Recommended Dietary Allowance of 90 mg/day, and often well beyond the Tolerable upper intake level of 2000 mg/day.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ Oral dosages are usually divided and consumed in portions over the day.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ Injections of hundreds of grams per day are advocated by some physicians for the treatment of certain conditions, poisonings, or recovery from trauma.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ People who practice vitamin C megadosage may consume many vitamin C pills throughout each day or dissolve pure vitamin C crystals in water or juice and drink it throughout the day.", "Vitamin C (singer) __knowledge__ Colleen Ann Fitzpatrick (born July 20, 1972), better known by her stage name Vitamin C, is an American pop music singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actress.", "Vitamin C (singer) __knowledge__ She began her career as an Ivory soap baby and child actress, appearing in John Waters' film \"Hairspray\" (1988), and continued to appear in minor roles in films before starting the alternative rock band Eve's Plum in 1991.", "Vitamin C (singer) __knowledge__ In 1999, Fitzpatrick embarked on a solo career under the name Vitamin C, releasing her eponymous debut album \"Vitamin C\" (1999), which was certified as Gold and later Platinum by the RIAA.", "Vitamin C (singer) __knowledge__ Singles from the record include \"Graduation (Friends Forever)\" and her most successful hit, the Top 20 Gold certified \"Smile\".", "Vitamin __knowledge__ A vitamin is an organic compound and an essential nutrient that an organism requires in limited amounts.", "Vitamin __knowledge__ An organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is called a vitamin when the organism cannot synthesize the compound in sufficient quantities, and it must be obtained through the diet; thus, the term \"vitamin\" is conditional upon the circumstances and the particular organism.", "Vitamin __knowledge__ For example, ascorbic acid (one form of vitamin C) is a vitamin for humans, but not for most other animals.", "Vitamin __knowledge__ Vitamin D is essential only for people who do not have adequate skin exposure to sunlight, as ultraviolet light promotes synthesis in skin cells.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ The common cold, or simply cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ The cold is indeed common, and is a significant cause for absences from work and school.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ Even before the discovery of vitamin C, folklore had it that certain fruits were effective in both preventing and treating the cold.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ After scientific identification of vitamin C in the early part of the 20th century, research began into the possible effects of the vitamin against the common cold.", "Vitamin C and the common cold __knowledge__ Vitamin C has not decreased the frequency of colds in the general population, but it has halved the frequency of colds in people under heavy short-term physical stress.", "Canadian health claims __knowledge__ Canadian health claims by Health Canada, the department of the Government of Canada responsible for national health, has allowed five scientifically verified disease risk reduction claims to be used on food labels and on food advertising.", "Canadian health claims __knowledge__ Other countries, including the United States and Great Britain, have approved similar health claims on food labels.", "Canadian health claims __knowledge__ The Food Directorate of Health Canada is responsible for the development of policies, regulations and standards that relate to the use of health claims on foods.", "Canadian health claims __knowledge__ They assess whether health claims are truthful and not misleading by reviewing mandatory and voluntary pre-market submissions.", "Pneumonia __knowledge__ Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.", "Pneumonia __knowledge__ Typically symptoms include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing.", "Pneumonia __knowledge__ Severity is variable.", "Pneumonia __knowledge__ Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other microorganisms, certain medications and conditions such as autoimmune diseases.", "Pneumonia __knowledge__ Risk factors include other lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, COPD, and asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough such as following a stroke, or a weak immune system." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Common cold __knowledge__ The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The throat, sinuses, and larynx may also be affected.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms may appear less than two days after exposure to the virus.", "Common cold __knowledge__ These may include coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, headache, and fever.", "Common cold __knowledge__ People usually recover in seven to ten days, but some symptoms may last up to three weeks.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Occasionally those with other health problems may develop pneumonia.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in causing the common cold, with rhinoviruses being the most common.", "Common cold __knowledge__ They spread through the air during close contact with infected people or indirectly through contact with objects in the environment, followed by transfer to the mouth or nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Risk factors include going to daycare, not sleeping well, and psychological stress.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The symptoms are mostly due to the body's immune response to the infection rather than to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves.", "Common cold __knowledge__ In contrast, those affected by influenza can show similar symptoms as people with a cold, but symptoms are usually more severe.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Additionally, the influenza is less likely to result in a runny nose.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and -ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ The disease scurvy is prevented and treated with vitamin C-containing foods or dietary supplements.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Evidence does not support use in the general population for the prevention of the common cold.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ There is, however, some evidence that regular use may shorten the length of colds.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ It is unclear if supplementation affects the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or dementia.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ It may be taken by mouth or by injection.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Vitamin C is generally well tolerated.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Large doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, trouble sleeping, and flushing of the skin.", "Juice Plus __knowledge__ Juice Plus+ is a branded line of dietary supplements containing concentrated fruit and vegetable juice extracts fortified with added vitamins and nutrients.", "Juice Plus __knowledge__ It is produced by Natural Alternatives International of San Marcos, California, for National Safety Associates (NSA; Collierville, Tennessee).", "Juice Plus __knowledge__ Introduced in 1993, the supplements are distributed by NSA via multi-level marketing.", "Juice Plus __knowledge__ Studies of Juice Plus' effects have generated conflicting and controversial results.", "Juice Plus __knowledge__ Although Juice Plus claims its products' efficacy is backed by research, critics have argued that there is no scientific proof that Juice Plus offers significant health benefits and that deceptive claims are used in the product's marketing information.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ Vitamin C megadosage is a term describing the consumption or injection of vitamin C (ascorbate) in doses comparable to the amounts produced by the livers of most other mammals.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ Such dosages correspond to amounts well beyond the current Recommended Dietary Allowance of 90 mg/day, and often well beyond the Tolerable upper intake level of 2000 mg/day.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ Oral dosages are usually divided and consumed in portions over the day.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ Injections of hundreds of grams per day are advocated by some physicians for the treatment of certain conditions, poisonings, or recovery from trauma.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ People who practice vitamin C megadosage may consume many vitamin C pills throughout each day or dissolve pure vitamin C crystals in water or juice and drink it throughout the day.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ Scurvy is a disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C. Early symptoms include weakness, feeling tired, and sore arms and legs.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ Without treatment, decreased red blood cells, gum disease, changes to hair, and bleeding from the skin may occur.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ As scurvy worsens there can be poor wound healing, personality changes, and finally death from infection or bleeding.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ Typically, scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ It takes at least a month of little to no vitamin C before symptoms occur.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ In modern times, it occurs most commonly in people with mental disorders, unusual eating habits, alcoholism, and old people who live alone.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ Linus Carl Pauling (; February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 dealt with scientific topics.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ \"New Scientist\" called him one of the 20 greatest scientists of all time, and as of 2000, he was rated the 16th most important scientist in history.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ Pauling was one of the founders of the fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ His contributions to the theory of the chemical bond include the concept of orbital hybridisation and the first accurate scale of electronegativities of the elements.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ Vitamin C and the Common Cold is a popular book by Linus Pauling, first published in 1970, on vitamin C, its interactions with common cold and the role of vitamin C megadosage in human health.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ The book promoted the idea that taking large amounts of vitamin C could reduce the duration and severity of the common cold.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ A Nobel Prize-winning chemist and activist, Pauling promoted a view of vitamin C that is strongly at odds with most of the scientific community, which found little evidence for the alleged health benefits of greatly increased vitamin C intake.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ The book went through multiple editions, and a revised version that discussed the flu and other diseases, retitled Vitamin C, the Common Cold & the Flu, came out in 1976.", "Vitamin C (singer) __knowledge__ Colleen Ann Fitzpatrick (born July 20, 1972), better known by her stage name Vitamin C, is an American pop music singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actress.", "Vitamin C (singer) __knowledge__ She began her career as an Ivory soap baby and child actress, appearing in John Waters' film \"Hairspray\" (1988), and continued to appear in minor roles in films before starting the alternative rock band Eve's Plum in 1991.", "Vitamin C (singer) __knowledge__ In 1999, Fitzpatrick embarked on a solo career under the name Vitamin C, releasing her eponymous debut album \"Vitamin C\" (1999), which was certified as Gold and later Platinum by the RIAA.", "Vitamin C (singer) __knowledge__ Singles from the record include \"Graduation (Friends Forever)\" and her most successful hit, the Top 20 Gold certified \"Smile\".", "Orthomolecular medicine __knowledge__ Orthomolecular medicine, a form of alternative medicine, aims to maintain human health through nutritional supplementation.", "Orthomolecular medicine __knowledge__ The concept builds on the idea of an optimum nutritional environment in the body and suggests that diseases reflect deficiencies in this environment.", "Orthomolecular medicine __knowledge__ Treatment for disease, according to this view, involves attempts to correct \"imbalances or deficiencies based on individual biochemistry\" by use of substances such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, trace elements and fatty acids.", "Orthomolecular medicine __knowledge__ The notions behind orthomolecular medicine are not supported by sound medical evidence and the therapy is not effective; even the validity of calling the orthomolecular approach a form of medicine has been questioned since the 1970s." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Common cold __knowledge__ The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The throat, sinuses, and larynx may also be affected.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms may appear less than two days after exposure to the virus.", "Common cold __knowledge__ These may include coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, headache, and fever.", "Common cold __knowledge__ People usually recover in seven to ten days, but some symptoms may last up to three weeks.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Occasionally those with other health problems may develop pneumonia.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in causing the common cold, with rhinoviruses being the most common.", "Common cold __knowledge__ They spread through the air during close contact with infected people or indirectly through contact with objects in the environment, followed by transfer to the mouth or nose.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Risk factors include going to daycare, not sleeping well, and psychological stress.", "Common cold __knowledge__ The symptoms are mostly due to the body's immune response to the infection rather than to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves.", "Common cold __knowledge__ In contrast, those affected by influenza can show similar symptoms as people with a cold, but symptoms are usually more severe.", "Common cold __knowledge__ Additionally, the influenza is less likely to result in a runny nose.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John Lawrence McKenzie (October 9, 1910 – March 2, 1991) was born on October 9, 1910, in Brazil, Indiana, the first of the six children of Myra (Daly) and Harry McKenzie.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John McKenzie became the premier Catholic Biblical scholar of the mid-twentieth century; indeed, John Courtney Murray, SJ, wrote that John McKenzie was \"the best Catholic theologian he knew of in the United States.\"", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John McKenzie was interested in the Jesuits from an early age.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ At some significant sacrifice to his family, he was enrolled in a Jesuit boarding high school in St. Mary’s, Kansas, where he came first in his class three out of his four years there.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and -ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ The disease scurvy is prevented and treated with vitamin C-containing foods or dietary supplements.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Evidence does not support use in the general population for the prevention of the common cold.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ There is, however, some evidence that regular use may shorten the length of colds.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ It is unclear if supplementation affects the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or dementia.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ It may be taken by mouth or by injection.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Vitamin C is generally well tolerated.", "Vitamin C __knowledge__ Large doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, trouble sleeping, and flushing of the skin.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ Vitamin C and the Common Cold is a popular book by Linus Pauling, first published in 1970, on vitamin C, its interactions with common cold and the role of vitamin C megadosage in human health.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ The book promoted the idea that taking large amounts of vitamin C could reduce the duration and severity of the common cold.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ A Nobel Prize-winning chemist and activist, Pauling promoted a view of vitamin C that is strongly at odds with most of the scientific community, which found little evidence for the alleged health benefits of greatly increased vitamin C intake.", "Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book) __knowledge__ The book went through multiple editions, and a revised version that discussed the flu and other diseases, retitled Vitamin C, the Common Cold & the Flu, came out in 1976.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ Linus Carl Pauling (; February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 dealt with scientific topics.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ \"New Scientist\" called him one of the 20 greatest scientists of all time, and as of 2000, he was rated the 16th most important scientist in history.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ Pauling was one of the founders of the fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology.", "Linus Pauling __knowledge__ His contributions to the theory of the chemical bond include the concept of orbital hybridisation and the first accurate scale of electronegativities of the elements.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ Vitamin C megadosage is a term describing the consumption or injection of vitamin C (ascorbate) in doses comparable to the amounts produced by the livers of most other mammals.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ Such dosages correspond to amounts well beyond the current Recommended Dietary Allowance of 90 mg/day, and often well beyond the Tolerable upper intake level of 2000 mg/day.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ Oral dosages are usually divided and consumed in portions over the day.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ Injections of hundreds of grams per day are advocated by some physicians for the treatment of certain conditions, poisonings, or recovery from trauma.", "Vitamin C megadosage __knowledge__ People who practice vitamin C megadosage may consume many vitamin C pills throughout each day or dissolve pure vitamin C crystals in water or juice and drink it throughout the day.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ Scurvy is a disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C. Early symptoms include weakness, feeling tired, and sore arms and legs.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ Without treatment, decreased red blood cells, gum disease, changes to hair, and bleeding from the skin may occur.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ As scurvy worsens there can be poor wound healing, personality changes, and finally death from infection or bleeding.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ Typically, scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ It takes at least a month of little to no vitamin C before symptoms occur.", "Scurvy __knowledge__ In modern times, it occurs most commonly in people with mental disorders, unusual eating habits, alcoholism, and old people who live alone.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and excretion.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ The diet of an organism is what it eats, which is largely determined by the availability and palatability of foods.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ For humans, a healthy diet includes preparation of food and storage methods that preserve nutrients from oxidation, heat or leaching, and that reduce risk of foodborne illness.", "Nutrition __knowledge__ In humans, an unhealthy diet can cause deficiency-related diseases such as blindness, anemia, scurvy, preterm birth, stillbirth and cretinism, or nutrient excess health-threatening conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; and such common chronic systemic diseases as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis.", "Antioxidant __knowledge__ An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules.", "Antioxidant __knowledge__ Oxidation is a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals, leading to chain reactions that may damage cells.", "Antioxidant __knowledge__ Antioxidants such as thiols or ascorbic acid (vitamin C) terminate these chain reactions.", "Antioxidant __knowledge__ The term \"antioxidant\" is mainly used for two different groups of substances: industrial chemicals which are added to products to prevent oxidation, and natural chemicals found in foods and body tissue which are said to have beneficial health effects.", "Antioxidant __knowledge__ To balance the oxidative state, plants and animals maintain complex systems of overlapping antioxidants, such as glutathione and enzymes (e.g., catalase and superoxide dismutase) produced internally or the dietary antioxidants: vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E. Antioxidant dietary supplements do not improve health nor are they effective in preventing diseases as shown by randomized clinical trials including supplements of beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E singly or in different combinations having no effect on mortality rate or cancer risk." ] ]

[ 1, 51, 32, 43, 0 ]

[ "common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious ", "I suggest you take vitamin C, folklore had it that certain fruits were effective in both preventing and treating the cold.", " the consumption or injection of vitamin C is also called. Vitamin C megadosage ", "I suggest you also get the book that promoted the idea that taking large amounts of vitamin C could reduce the duration an", "You could see a physician" ]

[ "Common cold", "Common cold", "Common cold", "Common cold", "Common cold" ]

[ "Chef", "I have considered it when I was really young! But I think that's because I just love food. Have you or any family?", "Oh that's really cool! Has your friend ever cooked for you?", "Awesome! Does she like to cook any specific type of food?", "I love Italian food, it's amazing. Does she have a specialty dish she likes to make?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chef __knowledge__ A chef is a trained professional cook who is proficient in all aspects of food preparation, often focusing on a particular cuisine.", "Chef __knowledge__ The word \"chef\" is derived from the term \"chef de cuisine\" (), the director or head of a kitchen.", "Chef __knowledge__ Chefs can receive formal training from an institution, as well as by apprenticing with an experienced chef.", "Chef __knowledge__ There are different terms that use the word \"chef\" in their titles, and deal with specific areas of food preparation, such as the \"sous-chef\", who acts as the second-in-command in a kitchen, or the \"chef de partie\", who handles a specific area of production.", "Chef __knowledge__ The kitchen brigade system is a hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, many of which use the word \"chef\" in their titles.", "Chef __knowledge__ Underneath the chefs are the \"kitchen assistants\".", "Chef __knowledge__ A chef's standard uniform includes a hat (called a \"toque\"), neckerchief, double-breasted jacket, apron and sturdy shoes (that may include steel or plastic toe-caps).", "Chef __knowledge__ The word \"chef\" is derived (and shortened) from the term \"chef de cuisine\" (), the director or head of a kitchen.", "Chef __knowledge__ (The French word comes from Latin \"caput\" (head) and is a doublet with English \"chief\").", "Chef __knowledge__ In English, the title \"chef\" in the culinary profession originated in the \"haute cuisine\" of the 19th century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chef __knowledge__ A chef is a trained professional cook who is proficient in all aspects of food preparation, often focusing on a particular cuisine.", "Chef __knowledge__ The word \"chef\" is derived from the term \"chef de cuisine\" (), the director or head of a kitchen.", "Chef __knowledge__ Chefs can receive formal training from an institution, as well as by apprenticing with an experienced chef.", "Chef __knowledge__ There are different terms that use the word \"chef\" in their titles, and deal with specific areas of food preparation, such as the \"sous-chef\", who acts as the second-in-command in a kitchen, or the \"chef de partie\", who handles a specific area of production.", "Chef __knowledge__ The kitchen brigade system is a hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, many of which use the word \"chef\" in their titles.", "Chef __knowledge__ Underneath the chefs are the \"kitchen assistants\".", "Chef __knowledge__ A chef's standard uniform includes a hat (called a \"toque\"), neckerchief, double-breasted jacket, apron and sturdy shoes (that may include steel or plastic toe-caps).", "Chef __knowledge__ The word \"chef\" is derived (and shortened) from the term \"chef de cuisine\" (), the director or head of a kitchen.", "Chef __knowledge__ (The French word comes from Latin \"caput\" (head) and is a doublet with English \"chief\").", "Chef __knowledge__ In English, the title \"chef\" in the culinary profession originated in the \"haute cuisine\" of the 19th century.", "Food waste in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Food waste in the United Kingdom is a subject of environmental, economic and social concern that has received widespread media coverage and been met with varying responses from government.", "Food waste in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Since 1915, food waste has been identified as a considerable problem and has been the subject of ongoing media attention, intensifying with the launch of the \"Love Food, Hate Waste\" campaign in 2007.", "Food waste in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Food waste has been discussed in newspaper articles, news reports and television programmes, which have increased awareness of it as a public issue.", "Food waste in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ To tackle waste issues, encompassing food waste, the government-funded \"Waste & Resources Action Programme\" (WRAP) was created in 2000.", "Love Food, Hate Waste __knowledge__ Love Food Hate Waste is a campaign, launched by the Waste & Resources Action Programme in 2007, with the aim of reducing the amount of food waste in the United Kingdom.", "Love Food, Hate Waste __knowledge__ The campaign has been promoted and circulated by many green sites.", "Love Food, Hate Waste __knowledge__ The campaign claims to have already helped almost two million households reduce their food waste, amounting to savings of almost £300 million and stopping 137,000 tonnes of waste going being wasted.", "Love Food, Hate Waste __knowledge__ The campaign has now spread to Australia, New Zealand and Canada.", "Love Food, Hate Waste __knowledge__ In relation to the Love Food Hate Waste campaign, UK minister Hilary Benn announced plans to end the use of Use by date as he sees them as a major cause of food waste.", "Magneta Lane __knowledge__ Magneta Lane are a Canadian indie rock music group formed in 2003 in Toronto.", "Magneta Lane __knowledge__ The all-female line-up consists of two sisters, Lexi Valentine (vocals and guitar) and Nadia King (drums), and their friend French (bass).", "Magneta Lane __knowledge__ The group formed after Valentine and King, then teenagers, attended a concert in Toronto and met the band backstage, deciding that watching a concert was not satisfying enough.", "Magneta Lane __knowledge__ The trio came together in the fall of 2003 and spent the next year playing shows in and around their native Toronto and teaching themselves how to play their instruments.", "Magneta Lane __knowledge__ The band released its debut EP, \"The Constant Lover (EP)\", in 2004 on Paper Bag Records.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Bones\".", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ The article deals with the series' main, recurring, and minor characters.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ The following characters have been featured in the opening credits of the program.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Temperance \"Bones\" Brennan (seasons 1–12) works as a forensic anthropologist at the Jeffersonian Institute in Washington, D.C. and is also a best–selling novelist.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ She is nicknamed \"Bones\" by FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Brennan and Booth work together on Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) cases concerning recently found human remains.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Although she is an expert in her field, Brennan is socially awkward and has limited knowledge about pop culture.", "Hairy Bikers __knowledge__ David Myers (born 8 September 1957) and Simon \"Si\" King (born 20 October 1966) collectively known as the Hairy Bikers, are British television presenters who have fronted the series \"The Hairy Bikers' Cookbook\", \"The Hairy Bikers Ride Again\", \"The Hairy Bakers\", \"The Hairy Bikers' Food Tour of Britain\", \"The Hairy Bikers' Mums Know Best\", \"Hairy Bikers' Meals on Wheels\", \"Hairy Bikers' Best of British\", \"The Hairy Bikers' Bakeation\", \"Hairy Dieters: How to Love Food and Lose Weight\", \"The Hairy Bikers' Asian Adventure\", \"The Hairy Bikers' Northern Exposure\" and \"The Hairy Bikers' Pubs That Built Britain\" for BBC Two, and \"The Hairy Bikers' Mississippi Adventure\" for Good Food.", "Ruby Buckton __knowledge__ Ruby Buckton is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Rebecca Breeds.", "Ruby Buckton __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 20 June 2008.", "Ruby Buckton __knowledge__ Ruby was created by executive producer Cameron Welsh.", "Ruby Buckton __knowledge__ When she was first introduced she appeared to hide her problems and pretends to be strong.", "Ruby Buckton __knowledge__ She was characterised as a free spirited and independent girl.", "Ruby Buckton __knowledge__ Her storylines have consistently followed themes such as romance, unrequited love and rejection.", "Ruby Buckton __knowledge__ In what has been described as a \"shock storyline\" Ruby discovered her sister Charlie Buckton was in fact her mother.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ Iron Chef America is an American cooking show based on Fuji Television's \"Iron Chef\", and is the second American adaptation of the series, following the failed \"Iron Chef USA\".", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ The show is produced by Food Network, which also carried a dubbed version of the original \"Iron Chef\".", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ Like the original Japanese program, the program is a culinary game show.", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ In each episode, a new challenger chef competes against one of the resident \"Iron Chefs\" in a one-hour cooking competition based on a secret ingredient or ingredients, and sometimes theme.", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ The show is presented as a successor to the original \"Iron Chef\", as opposed to being a remake.", "Iron Chef __knowledge__ The host of the show is the flamboyant Takeshi Kaga, known on the show as .", "Iron Chef __knowledge__ He begins most episodes with his signature words, taken from Arthur Rimbaud, \"If memory serves me right...「私の記憶が確かならば…」\"(Jadis) si je me souviens bien...\" and summons the Iron Chefs to cook with a phrase \"Allez cuisine!\"", "Iron Chef __knowledge__ (\"Go cook!\").", "Iron Chef __knowledge__ The show has two regular commentators, Kenji Fukui who narrates the action on the floor, and Dr. Yukio Hattori, a food scholar and founder of the Hattori Nutrition College.", "Iron Chef __knowledge__ A floor reporter, Shinichiro Ohta, reports to Fukui on what the challengers and Iron Chefs are preparing, their strategy, and their comments, breaking Fukui's train of commentary with a polite \"Fukui-san?\".", "Top Chef __knowledge__ Top Chef is an American reality competition television series which premiered on March 8, 2006, on Bravo.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The show features chefs competing against each other in various culinary challenges.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ They are judged by a panel of professional chefs and other notables from the food and wine industry with one or more contestants eliminated in each episode.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The show is produced by Magical Elves Productions, the same company that created \"Project Runway\".", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The show has spawned multiple spinoff series, including \"Top Chef Masters\", featuring established award-winning chefs; and \"\", featuring pastry chefs.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ Another show, \"Top Chef Junior\", featuring contestants in their early teens, premiered in October 2017 on Universal Kids.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ \"\" is a manga series written by Yūto Tsukuda and illustrated by Shun Saeki, serialized in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\".", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ 27 tankōbon volumes have been released.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ An anime adaptation has aired 49 episodes over 3 seasons.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ The story follows protagonist and title character Sōma Yukihira as he transfers to the elite Tōtsuki Culinary Academy, an extremely competitive atmosphere, where only the top 1% of students graduate in.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Under the motto \"Cooking is Everything\", students are judged on their cooking for admission to the academy and in many classes, tournaments and events.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Competition may lead to a Shokugeki, a cooking match held in an indoor stadium, where students stake their pride and futures as chefs.", "List of Iron Chef America episodes __knowledge__ This is the list of the episodes for the American cooking television series and competition Iron Chef America, produced by Food Network.", "List of Iron Chef America episodes __knowledge__ The series is based on the Japanese series \"Iron Chef\" and is a cooking competition in which a challenger chef \"battles\" one of the resident \"Iron Chefs\" by cooking five or more dishes in a one-hour time slot based around a secret ingredient or ingredients, and sometimes theme.", "List of Iron Chef America episodes __knowledge__ In most episodes, three judges score the meal in three categories, with 10 points available to each judge for taste, 5 points for creativity, and 5 points for presentation, for a possible total of 60 points.", "Great British Menu __knowledge__ Great British Menu is a BBC television series in which top British chefs compete for the chance to cook one course of a four course banquet.", "Great British Menu __knowledge__ Series one and two were presented by Jennie Bond, the former BBC Royal correspondent, whereby each week, two chefs from a region of the UK create a menu.", "Great British Menu __knowledge__ In series three and four, both narrated by Bond but with no presenter, three chefs from a region of the UK create a menu; only the two with the best scores went through to the Friday judging.", "Great British Menu __knowledge__ In series five and six, the fifth narrated by Bond while the sixth is narrated by Wendy Lloyd, three chefs from a region of the UK create a menu, with in kitchen judging undertaken by a past contestant chef; only the two with the best scores go through to the Friday judging.", "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Hell's Kitchen is an American reality television cooking competition (based on the British series of the same name) broadcast on Fox.", "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ It is hosted by celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay.", "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Two teams of chefs compete for a job as head chef at a restaurant.", "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ A typical episode begins with a challenge between the teams; the winning team gets some sort of a reward that usually involves some sort of \"field trip\" outside the Hell's Kitchen, while the losers are given \"punishment\" that usually involves some sort of menial task.", "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The second part is a dinner service, where each team works in their own kitchen, attempting, under close and hypercritical supervision from Chef Ramsay, to complete the service without getting kicked out before finishing for too many errors." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chef __knowledge__ A chef is a trained professional cook who is proficient in all aspects of food preparation, often focusing on a particular cuisine.", "Chef __knowledge__ The word \"chef\" is derived from the term \"chef de cuisine\" (), the director or head of a kitchen.", "Chef __knowledge__ Chefs can receive formal training from an institution, as well as by apprenticing with an experienced chef.", "Chef __knowledge__ There are different terms that use the word \"chef\" in their titles, and deal with specific areas of food preparation, such as the \"sous-chef\", who acts as the second-in-command in a kitchen, or the \"chef de partie\", who handles a specific area of production.", "Chef __knowledge__ The kitchen brigade system is a hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, many of which use the word \"chef\" in their titles.", "Chef __knowledge__ Underneath the chefs are the \"kitchen assistants\".", "Chef __knowledge__ A chef's standard uniform includes a hat (called a \"toque\"), neckerchief, double-breasted jacket, apron and sturdy shoes (that may include steel or plastic toe-caps).", "Chef __knowledge__ The word \"chef\" is derived (and shortened) from the term \"chef de cuisine\" (), the director or head of a kitchen.", "Chef __knowledge__ (The French word comes from Latin \"caput\" (head) and is a doublet with English \"chief\").", "Chef __knowledge__ In English, the title \"chef\" in the culinary profession originated in the \"haute cuisine\" of the 19th century.", "Enthymeme __knowledge__ An enthymeme (, \"enthumēma\") is a rhetorical syllogism (a three-part deductive argument) used in oratorical practice.", "Enthymeme __knowledge__ Originally theorized by Aristotle, there are four types of enthymeme, at least two of which are described in Aristotle's work.", "Enthymeme __knowledge__ Aristotle referred to the enthymeme as \"the body of proof\", \"the strongest of rhetorical proofs...a kind of syllogism\" (\"Rhetoric\" I.I.3,11).", "Enthymeme __knowledge__ He considered it to be one of two kinds of proof, the other of which was the paradeigma.", "Enthymeme __knowledge__ Maxims, Aristotle thought to be a derivative of enthymemes.", "Enthymeme __knowledge__ (\"Rhetoric\" II.XX.1) The first type of enthymeme is a truncated syllogism, or a syllogism with an unstated premise.", "Single Class Surface Combatant Project __knowledge__ The Single Class Surface Combatant Project has been superseded by the Canadian Surface Combatant project.", "Single Class Surface Combatant Project __knowledge__ It is the name given to the procurement project that will replace the and warships with up to 15 new ships beginning in the early 2020s as part of the National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy.", "Single Class Surface Combatant Project __knowledge__ The replacement vessels will be somewhat larger than the existing \"Halifax\" class, and presumably provide a wide-area air defence capability, anti-submarine warfare capability, as well as anti-shipping capability.", "Single Class Surface Combatant Project __knowledge__ The design of these ships is currently underway and both the total number of ships and their capability will be dependent on the budget that is allocated to the project.", "Rhetoric (Aristotle) __knowledge__ Aristotle's Rhetoric (Greek: Ῥητορική; Latin: \"Ars Rhetorica\") is an ancient Greek treatise on the art of persuasion, dating from the 4th century BC.", "Rhetoric (Aristotle) __knowledge__ The English title varies: typically it is titled \"Rhetoric\", the \"Art of Rhetoric\", \"On Rhetoric\", or a \"Treatise on Rhetoric\".", "Rhetoric (Aristotle) __knowledge__ Aristotle is generally credited with developing the basics of the system of rhetoric that \"thereafter served as its touchstone\", influencing the development of rhetorical theory from ancient through modern times.", "Rhetoric (Aristotle) __knowledge__ The \"Rhetoric\" is regarded by most rhetoricians as \"the most important single work on persuasion ever written.\"", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Rhetoric __knowledge__ Rhetoric is the art of discourse, wherein a writer or speaker strives to inform, persuade or motivate particular audiences in specific situations.", "Rhetoric __knowledge__ As a subject of formal study and a productive civic practice, rhetoric has played a central role in the European tradition.", "Rhetoric __knowledge__ Its best known definition comes from Aristotle, who considers it a counterpart of both logic and politics, and calls it \"the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion.\"", "Rhetoric __knowledge__ Rhetoric typically provides heuristics for understanding, discovering, and developing arguments for particular situations, such as Aristotle's three persuasive audience appeals, logos, pathos, and ethos.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "Food waste in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Food waste in the United Kingdom is a subject of environmental, economic and social concern that has received widespread media coverage and been met with varying responses from government.", "Food waste in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Since 1915, food waste has been identified as a considerable problem and has been the subject of ongoing media attention, intensifying with the launch of the \"Love Food, Hate Waste\" campaign in 2007.", "Food waste in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Food waste has been discussed in newspaper articles, news reports and television programmes, which have increased awareness of it as a public issue.", "Food waste in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ To tackle waste issues, encompassing food waste, the government-funded \"Waste & Resources Action Programme\" (WRAP) was created in 2000.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ Iron Chef America is an American cooking show based on Fuji Television's \"Iron Chef\", and is the second American adaptation of the series, following the failed \"Iron Chef USA\".", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ The show is produced by Food Network, which also carried a dubbed version of the original \"Iron Chef\".", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ Like the original Japanese program, the program is a culinary game show.", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ In each episode, a new challenger chef competes against one of the resident \"Iron Chefs\" in a one-hour cooking competition based on a secret ingredient or ingredients, and sometimes theme.", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ The show is presented as a successor to the original \"Iron Chef\", as opposed to being a remake.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ \"\" is a manga series written by Yūto Tsukuda and illustrated by Shun Saeki, serialized in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\".", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ 27 tankōbon volumes have been released.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ An anime adaptation has aired 49 episodes over 3 seasons.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ The story follows protagonist and title character Sōma Yukihira as he transfers to the elite Tōtsuki Culinary Academy, an extremely competitive atmosphere, where only the top 1% of students graduate in.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Under the motto \"Cooking is Everything\", students are judged on their cooking for admission to the academy and in many classes, tournaments and events.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Competition may lead to a Shokugeki, a cooking match held in an indoor stadium, where students stake their pride and futures as chefs.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of supporting characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ is a fictional character in the anime \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ OVA In the OVA, Katsuhito, also known as , fled Jurai over 700 years ago to \"retire\" on Earth.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ He was once the greatest swordsman on Jurai.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Currently Katsuhito is a Shinto priest who is not only training Tenchi to be a Shinto priest but also training him in Jurai swordsmanship.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Yōshō had a marriage arranged with half-sister Ayeka, but left.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ At the time, not all Juraians liked the idea of mixed blood heritages (he is part human, on his mother's side) and he used Ryōko's attack as an excuse to slip away to Earth." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chef __knowledge__ A chef is a trained professional cook who is proficient in all aspects of food preparation, often focusing on a particular cuisine.", "Chef __knowledge__ The word \"chef\" is derived from the term \"chef de cuisine\" (), the director or head of a kitchen.", "Chef __knowledge__ Chefs can receive formal training from an institution, as well as by apprenticing with an experienced chef.", "Chef __knowledge__ There are different terms that use the word \"chef\" in their titles, and deal with specific areas of food preparation, such as the \"sous-chef\", who acts as the second-in-command in a kitchen, or the \"chef de partie\", who handles a specific area of production.", "Chef __knowledge__ The kitchen brigade system is a hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, many of which use the word \"chef\" in their titles.", "Chef __knowledge__ Underneath the chefs are the \"kitchen assistants\".", "Chef __knowledge__ A chef's standard uniform includes a hat (called a \"toque\"), neckerchief, double-breasted jacket, apron and sturdy shoes (that may include steel or plastic toe-caps).", "Chef __knowledge__ The word \"chef\" is derived (and shortened) from the term \"chef de cuisine\" (), the director or head of a kitchen.", "Chef __knowledge__ (The French word comes from Latin \"caput\" (head) and is a doublet with English \"chief\").", "Chef __knowledge__ In English, the title \"chef\" in the culinary profession originated in the \"haute cuisine\" of the 19th century.", "Covariance and contravariance (computer science) __knowledge__ Many programming language type systems support subtyping.", "Covariance and contravariance (computer science) __knowledge__ For instance, if the type is a subtype of , then an expression of type can be used wherever an expression of type is used.", "Covariance and contravariance (computer science) __knowledge__ Variance refers to how subtyping between more complex types relates to subtyping between their components.", "Covariance and contravariance (computer science) __knowledge__ For example, how should a list of s relate to a list of s?", "Covariance and contravariance (computer science) __knowledge__ Or how should a function returning relate to a function returning ?", "Covariance and contravariance (computer science) __knowledge__ Depending on the variance of the type constructor, the subtyping relation of the simple types may be either preserved, reversed, or ignored for the respective complex types.", "Covariance and contravariance (computer science) __knowledge__ In the OCaml programming language, for example, \"list of Cat\" is a subtype of \"list of Animal\" because the list constructor is covariant.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ awesome is a dynamic window manager for the X Window System developed in the C and Lua programming languages.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Lua is also used for configuring and extending the window manager.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Its development began as a fork of dwm.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It aims to be extremely small and fast, yet extensively customizable.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It makes it possible for the user to manage windows with the use of keyboard.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The fork was initially nicknamed \"jdwm\", with \"jd\" denoting the principal programmer's initials, and with dwm reminding of the software project it forked from.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The first git repository for what was to become awesome was set up in September 2007. jdwm was renamed to awesome, named after the same phrase used by the \"How I Met Your Mother\" character Barney Stinson.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ Yes Oh (styled as yes Oh) is an Israeli television channel carried by the Israeli satellite television provider - \"yes\", which broadcasts newer American and British TV Shows from HBO, AMC, Showtime, Starz and FX in Midnights.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ The channel began airing on January 21, 2012, on channel 14, replacing \"yes Real\" \"yes Oh\" airs all of its schedule in High Definition simulcast on yes Oh HD on channel 14.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ On January 17, 2010, \"yes\" launched the channel Yes Next (styled as yes Next and formerly called \"yes stars Next\"), which broadcast American, British and Israeli TV shows from all genres.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ The concept of the channel was to air shows approaching to the younger demographics.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ Numbertime is a BBC educational numeracy television series for primary schools that was aired on BBC Two from 20 September 1993 to 3 December 2001.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ For its first four series, it was presented by Lolita Chakrabarti.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ El Nombre, an animated character from \"Numbertime\", eventually became the concept for another educational BBC children's television program; his name means \"The Name\" in Spanish, and not \"The Number\", which would be \"El Número\".", "Numbertime __knowledge__ The third line of his opening song and his farewell catchphrase were also changed several times during the series' run, to reflect their focus - however, the original ones (\"Writing numbers in the desert sand\" which was also used for the seventh series, and \"Adios amigos, and keep counting\" which was also used for the fourth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth series) remain the most famous.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Religious debates over the \"Harry Potter\" series of books by J. K. Rowling are based on claims that the novels contain occult or Satanic subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ A number of Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians have argued against the series, as have some Shia and Sunni Muslims.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Supporters of the series have said that the magic in \"Harry Potter\" bears little resemblance to occultism, being more in the vein of fairy tales such as \"Cinderella\" and \"Snow White\", or to the works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, both of whom are known for writing fantasy novels with Christian subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Far from promoting a particular religion, some argue, the \"Harry Potter\" novels go out of their way to avoid discussing religion at all.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ Lorenzo Scott was born in 1934 in West Point, Georgia.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ Scott is a contemporary self-taught artist whose work began to be recognized in the United States in the late 1980s.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ Lorenzo Scott was born on July 23, 1934 in the small, bustling mill village and railroad hub of West Point, Georgia.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ When his mother, who worked in the fields supplying cotton to the local mills, lost her job during the Depression, the family moved to Atlanta in search of work.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ One of eleven children, Lorenzo tells of a time in his youth when he first saw his mother make a sketch, and knew even at an early age that he wanted to be able to draw like that." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chef __knowledge__ A chef is a trained professional cook who is proficient in all aspects of food preparation, often focusing on a particular cuisine.", "Chef __knowledge__ The word \"chef\" is derived from the term \"chef de cuisine\" (), the director or head of a kitchen.", "Chef __knowledge__ Chefs can receive formal training from an institution, as well as by apprenticing with an experienced chef.", "Chef __knowledge__ There are different terms that use the word \"chef\" in their titles, and deal with specific areas of food preparation, such as the \"sous-chef\", who acts as the second-in-command in a kitchen, or the \"chef de partie\", who handles a specific area of production.", "Chef __knowledge__ The kitchen brigade system is a hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, many of which use the word \"chef\" in their titles.", "Chef __knowledge__ Underneath the chefs are the \"kitchen assistants\".", "Chef __knowledge__ A chef's standard uniform includes a hat (called a \"toque\"), neckerchief, double-breasted jacket, apron and sturdy shoes (that may include steel or plastic toe-caps).", "Chef __knowledge__ The word \"chef\" is derived (and shortened) from the term \"chef de cuisine\" (), the director or head of a kitchen.", "Chef __knowledge__ (The French word comes from Latin \"caput\" (head) and is a doublet with English \"chief\").", "Chef __knowledge__ In English, the title \"chef\" in the culinary profession originated in the \"haute cuisine\" of the 19th century.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, CBE (born Elizabeth Gwynne, 26 December 1913 – 22 May 1992) was a British cookery writer.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the mid-20th century she strongly influenced the revitalisation of home cookery in her native country and beyond with articles and books about European cuisines and traditional British dishes.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Born to an upper-class family, David rebelled against social norms of the day.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the 1930s she studied art in Paris, became an actress, and ran off with a married man with whom she sailed in a small boat to Italy, where their boat was confiscated.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ They reached Greece, where they were nearly trapped by the German invasion in 1941, but escaped to Egypt, where they parted.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, the British cookery writer, published eight books in the 34 years between 1950 and 1984; the last was issued eight years before her death.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ After David's death, her literary executor, Jill Norman, supervised the publication of eight more books, drawing on David's unpublished manuscripts and research and on her published writings for books and magazines.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ David's first five books, particularly the earlier works, contained recipes interspersed with literary quotation and descriptions of people and places that inspired her.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ By the time of her third book, \"Italian Food\", David had begun to add sections about the history of the cuisine and the particular dishes that she wrote about.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes for the reality television series \"The Great Food Truck Race\" on Food Network.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ There are seven truck teams competing in the race for a grand prize of $50,000.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Each truck team consists of a driver and two crew members who must staff the truck and are responsible for cooking, shopping, orders and publicity.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Every week they start off with no food to make things fair for all the teams who must make do with whatever cash Tyler Florence provides (seed money) at the start of each episode, in each new city.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The trucks all convene in Los Angeles.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Austin Daily Press – This team from Austin, Texas serves hot, grilled sandwiches.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ \"\" is a manga series written by Yūto Tsukuda and illustrated by Shun Saeki, serialized in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\".", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ 27 tankōbon volumes have been released.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ An anime adaptation has aired 49 episodes over 3 seasons.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ The story follows protagonist and title character Sōma Yukihira as he transfers to the elite Tōtsuki Culinary Academy, an extremely competitive atmosphere, where only the top 1% of students graduate in.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Under the motto \"Cooking is Everything\", students are judged on their cooking for admission to the academy and in many classes, tournaments and events.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Competition may lead to a Shokugeki, a cooking match held in an indoor stadium, where students stake their pride and futures as chefs.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ English cuisine encompasses the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with England.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ It has distinctive attributes of its own, but also shares much with wider British cuisine, partly through the importation of ingredients and ideas from North America, China, and India during the time of the British Empire and as a result of post-war immigration.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional meals have ancient origins, such as bread and cheese, roasted and stewed meats, meat and game pies, boiled vegetables and broths, and freshwater and saltwater fish.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ The 14th-century English cookbook, the \"Forme of Cury\", contains recipes for these, and dates from the royal court of Richard II.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ French cuisine consists of the cooking traditions and practices from France.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ In the 14th century Guillaume Tirel, a court chef known as \"Taillevent\", wrote \"Le Viandier\", one of the earliest recipe collections of medieval France.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ During that time, French cuisine was heavily influenced by Italian cuisine.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ In the 17th century, chefs François Pierre La Varenne and Marie-Antoine Carême spearheaded movements that shifted French cooking away from its foreign influences and developed France's own indigenous style.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ Cheese and wine are a major part of the cuisine.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ They play different roles regionally and nationally, with many variations and \"appellation d'origine contrôlée\" (AOC) (regulated appellation) laws.", "New Zealand cuisine __knowledge__ New Zealand cuisine is largely driven by local ingredients and seasonal variations.", "New Zealand cuisine __knowledge__ An island nation with a primarily agricultural economy, New Zealand yields produce from land and sea.", "New Zealand cuisine __knowledge__ Similar to the cuisine of Australia, the cuisine of New Zealand is a diverse British-based cuisine, with Mediterranean and Pacific Rim influences as the country becomes more cosmopolitan.", "New Zealand cuisine __knowledge__ Historical influences came from Māori culture.", "New Zealand cuisine __knowledge__ New American cuisine, Southeast Asian, East Asian, and South Asian culinary traditions have become popular since the 1970s.", "New Zealand cuisine __knowledge__ In New Zealand households, dinner is the main meal of the day, when families gather and share their evening together." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 6, 1, 18 ]

[ "Hello! Have you ever thought about being a chef or are any of your close family or friends chefs?", "Oh I see haha. I love food as well. No I have not, but I do have a friend who was a chef and got formal training for it ", "Oh yes of course! She is great, and I got to be her \"kitchen assistant\" haha", "Oh yes I think all chefs like to focus on a certain cuisine. She cooks Italian food mostly!", "Yes! Lasagna! She loves tomatoes and cheese haha!" ]

[ "Chef", "Chef", "Chef", "Chef", "Chef" ]

[ "Rose", "I do like roses but I don't know much about them. ", "What all care do they require? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Numerous cultivars have been produced, especially over the last two centuries, though roses have been known in the garden for millennia beforehand.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ While most garden roses are grown for their flowers, some are also valued for other reasons, such as having ornamental fruit, providing ground cover, or for hedging.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ It is believed that roses were grown in all the early civilisations of temperate latitudes from at least 5000 years ago.", "Everything's Coming up Roses __knowledge__ \"Everything's Coming Up Roses\" is a song from the 1959 Broadway musical \"Gypsy: A Musical Fable\", with lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and music by Jule Styne.", "Everything's Coming up Roses __knowledge__ Introduced in the musical's inaugural production by Ethel Merman, \"Everything's Coming Up Roses\" became one of Merman's signature songs.", "Everything's Coming up Roses __knowledge__ According to Sammy Cahn, the song had its genesis in the 1947 musical \"High Button Shoes\", for which he was the lyricist.", "Everything's Coming up Roses __knowledge__ Cahn wrote lyrics for a song entitled \"Betwixt and Between\" to be sung by a female character who can't decide between two men.", "Everything's Coming up Roses __knowledge__ Jule Styne, who was that musical's composer, wrote music for it, but the director decided the song didn't fit well into the show and removed it.", "Of Verona __knowledge__ of Verona is an indie rock group that was formed in Los Angeles in 2010.", "Of Verona __knowledge__ Their first album, \"The White Apple\", was released on 10 July 2012.", "Of Verona __knowledge__ Dillon Pace was introduced to Mandi Perkins in early 2010 and they formed of Verona shortly thereafter.", "Of Verona __knowledge__ They invited Jeff Sojka to join the band after a chance meeting at Mikal Blue's Revolver Studios.", "Of Verona __knowledge__ The band's name is derived from William Shakespeare's \"The Two Gentlemen of Verona\".", "Of Verona __knowledge__ After touring extensively and playing events such as the main stage at the Summerfest music festival in Milwaukee and playing on the opening night of the New Music Seminar, of Verona released their \"Fall Like Roses\" EP in July 2011.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ In the Roman Empire, Rosalia or Rosaria was a festival of roses celebrated on various dates, primarily in May, but scattered through mid-July.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ The observance is sometimes called a rosatio (\"rose-adornment\") or the dies rosationis, \"day of rose-adornment,\" and could be celebrated also with violets \"(violatio\", an adorning with violets, also \"dies violae\" or \"dies violationis\", \"day of the \").", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ As a commemoration of the dead, the \"rosatio\" developed from the custom of placing flowers at burial sites.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ It was among the extensive private religious practices by means of which the Romans cared for their dead, reflecting the value placed on tradition \"(mos maiorum\", \"the way of the ancestors\"), family lineage, and memorials ranging from simple inscriptions to grand public works.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records in the United States on May 25, 2011, as a promotional single.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ Serving as the opening track on \"4\", it was written and produced by The-Dream, Tricky Stewart .", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" was originally titled \"Nothing But Love\" and by Corey-Jackson Carter & The-Dream & he had initially planned to include it on his second studio album, \"Love vs. Money\" (2009).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ A down-tempo contemporary R&B and soul music power ballad, \"1+1\" Beyoncé expressing her endless love to her soul mate; the lyrics make strong statements about the power of the relationship.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ The Not in This Lifetime... Tour is an ongoing concert tour by hard rock band Guns N' Roses.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ It features classic lineup members Axl Rose, Slash and Duff McKagan, marking the first time since the Use Your Illusion Tour in 1993 that the three performed together.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ After the previous tour in 2014, guitarists DJ Ashba & Ron \"Bumblefoot\" Thal, bassist Tommy Stinson and keyboardist Chris Pitman left Guns N' Roses, leaving the band with several open spots.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ Former members Slash and McKagan rejoined the band and Melissa Reese joined as keyboardist.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ The group embarked on the world tour that spanned several continents, with 148 shows performed or scheduled so far.", "Hello (Poe album) __knowledge__ Hello is the debut album by American singer-songwriter Poe, released in 1995 on Modern Records.", "Hello (Poe album) __knowledge__ The album was called \"innovative\" by critics due to its incorporation of R&B samples into an electronic soundscape, something that was fairly unheard of at the time.", "Hello (Poe album) __knowledge__ The first music video for the album was for the single \"Angry Johnny\"; it featured Poe on the skeletal frame of a bed looking forlorn whilst destroying a variety of effects one might associate with romance (like roses or a box of chocolates).", "Hello (Poe album) __knowledge__ The song's rage-filled lyrics quickly found her being lumped into the \"angry female rocker\" category, and the video was heavily played on MTV's \"Alternative Nation\".", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Shortly after her creation in 1974, the Hello Kitty vinyl coin purse was introduced by Sanrio in March 1975.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character was then brought to the United States in 1976.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ The character is a staple of the \"kawaii\" segment of Japanese popular culture.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without advertising except on Sanrio's, related show producers', and ticket sales' webpages and at show venues and nearby locations.", "Hello Kitty __knowledge__ Originally aimed at preadolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers, being found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ No Man's Sky is an action-adventure survival video game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games for PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ It was released worldwide in August 2016.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.", "No Man's Sky __knowledge__ Through the game's procedural generation system, planets have their own ecosystems with unique forms of flora and fauna, and various sentient alien species may engage the player in combat or trade within planetary systems." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem.", "Day care __knowledge__ Day care, daycare, child day care, or childcare is the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child's legal guardians, typically performed by someone outside the child's immediate family.", "Day care __knowledge__ Day care is typically an ongoing service during specific periods, such as the parents' time at work.", "Day care __knowledge__ \"Day care\" can also refer to daytime care for disabled or elderly people in both UK and US English, so \"child day care\" is often preferable at first mention.", "Day care __knowledge__ The service is known as \"day care\" or \"childcare\" in the United Kingdom, North America, and Australia and as \"crèche\" in Ireland and New Zealand.", "Care work __knowledge__ Care work is a sub-category of work that includes all tasks that directly involve care processes done in service of others.", "Care work __knowledge__ It is often differentiated from other forms of work because it is considered to be intrinsically motivated, meaning that people are motivated to pursue care work for reasons other than financial compensation.", "Care work __knowledge__ Another factor that is often used to differentiate caring labor from other types of work is the motivating factor.", "Care work __knowledge__ This perspective defines care labor as labor undertaken out of affection or a sense of responsibility for other people, with no expectation of immediate pecuniary reward.", "Medicare (United States) __knowledge__ In the United States, Medicare is a single-payer, national social insurance program administered by the U.S. federal government since 1966, currently using about 30–50 private insurance companies across the United States under contract for administration.", "Medicare (United States) __knowledge__ United States Medicare is funded by a payroll tax, premiums and surtaxes from beneficiaries, and general revenue.", "Medicare (United States) __knowledge__ It provides health insurance for Americans aged 65 and older who have worked and paid into the system through the payroll tax.", "Medicare (United States) __knowledge__ It also provides health insurance to younger people with some disability status as determined by the Social Security Administration, as well as people with end stage renal disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.", "Emergency medical services __knowledge__ Emergency medical services, also known as ambulance services or paramedic services (abbreviated to the initialism EMS, EMAS, EMARS or SAMU in some countries), are a type of emergency service dedicated to providing out-of-hospital acute medical care, transport to definitive care, and other medical transport to patients with illnesses and injuries which prevent the patient from transporting themselves.", "Emergency medical services __knowledge__ Emergency medical services may also be locally known as a paramedic service, a first aid squad, FAST squad, emergency squad, rescue squad, ambulance squad, ambulance service, ambulance corps, or life squad.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ Health care in the United States is provided by many distinct organizations.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ Health care facilities are largely owned and operated by private sector businesses.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ 58% of US community hospitals are non-profit, 21% are government owned, and 21% are for-profit.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States spent more on health care per capita ($9,403), and more on health care as percentage of its GDP (17.1%), than any other nation in 2014.", "Health care in the United States __knowledge__ 64% of health spending was paid for by the government in 2013, funded via programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and the Veterans Health Administration.", "Electronic health record __knowledge__ An electronic health record (EHR), or electronic medical record (EMR), is the systematized collection of patient and population electronically-stored health information in a digital format.", "Electronic health record __knowledge__ These records can be shared across different health care settings.", "Electronic health record __knowledge__ Records are shared through network-connected, enterprise-wide information systems or other information networks and exchanges.", "Electronic health record __knowledge__ EHRs may include a range of data, including demographics, medical history, medication and allergies, immunization status, laboratory test results, radiology images, vital signs, personal statistics like age and weight, and billing information.", "Social care in England __knowledge__ Social care in England is defined as the provision of social work, personal care, protection or social support services to children or adults in need or at risk, or adults with needs arising from illness, disability, old age or poverty.", "Social care in England __knowledge__ The main legal definitions flow from the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 with other provisions covering responsibilities to informal carers.", "Social care in England __knowledge__ That provision may have one or more of the following aims: to protect people who use care services from abuse or neglect, to prevent deterioration of or promote physical or mental health, to promote independence and social inclusion, to improve opportunities and life chances, to strengthen families and to protect human rights in relation to people's social needs.", "Ornamental plant __knowledge__ Ornamental plants are plants that are grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects, as houseplants, for cut flowers and specimen display.", "Ornamental plant __knowledge__ The cultivation of these, called floriculture, forms a major branch of horticulture.", "Ornamental plant __knowledge__ Commonly, ornamental [garden] plants are grown for the display of aesthetic features including: flowers, leaves, scent, overall foliage texture, fruit, stem and bark, and aesthetic form.", "Ornamental plant __knowledge__ In some cases, unusual features may be considered to be of interest, such as the prominent thorns of \"Rosa sericea\" and \"cacti\".", "Ornamental plant __knowledge__ In all cases, their purpose is for the enjoyment of gardeners, visitors, and the public institutions.", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ Narcissus is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family.", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ Various common names including daffodil, daffadowndilly, narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus.", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ \"Narcissus\" has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona.", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ The flowers are generally white or yellow (also orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.", "Narcissus (plant) __knowledge__ \"Narcissus\" were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his \"Species Plantarum\" (1753).", "Ornamental bulbous plant __knowledge__ Ornamental bulbous plants, often called ornamental bulbs or just bulbs in gardening and horticulture, are herbaceous perennials grown for ornamental purposes, which have underground or near ground storage organs.", "Ornamental bulbous plant __knowledge__ Botanists distinguish between true bulbs, corms, rhizomes, tubers and tuberous roots, any of which may be termed \"bulbs\" in horticulture.", "Ornamental bulbous plant __knowledge__ Bulb species usually lose their upper parts during adverse conditions such as summer drought and heat or winter cold.", "Ornamental bulbous plant __knowledge__ The bulb's storage organs contain moisture and nutrients that are used to survive these adverse conditions in a dormant state.", "Ornamental bulbous plant __knowledge__ When conditions become favourable the reserves sustain a new growth cycle.", "Mercado Jamaica __knowledge__ Mercado Jamaica is one of Mexico City’s traditional public markets where various vendors sell their wares in an established location.", "Mercado Jamaica __knowledge__ This market was inaugurated in the 1950s as part of efforts to modernize the markets in the area.", "Mercado Jamaica __knowledge__ The market is located on the corner of Congreso de la Union and Avenida Morelos, just southeast of the historic center of the city.", "Mercado Jamaica __knowledge__ Although it is one of the main markets for groceries, produce and meat, it is best known for its flowers and ornamental plants.", "Mercado Jamaica __knowledge__ There are 1,150 stands dedicated to the selling of cut flowers, flower arrangements, ornamental plants and accessories such as flowerpots.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening is the practice of growing and cultivating plants as part of horticulture.", "Gardening __knowledge__ In gardens, ornamental plants are often grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance; useful plants, such as root vegetables, leaf vegetables, fruits, and herbs, are grown for consumption, for use as dyes, or for medicinal or cosmetic use.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening is considered by many people to be a relaxing activity.", "Gardening __knowledge__ Gardening ranges in scale from fruit orchards, to long boulevard plantings with one or more different types of shrubs, trees, and herbaceous plants, to residential yards including lawns and foundation plantings, to plants in large or small containers grown inside or outside.", "Families of Asparagales __knowledge__ The Asparagales are an order of plants, and on this page the structure of the order is used according to the APG III system.", "Families of Asparagales __knowledge__ The order takes its name from the family Asparagaceae and is placed in the monocots.", "Families of Asparagales __knowledge__ The order is clearly circumscribed on the basis of DNA sequence analysis, but is difficult to define morphologically, since its members are structurally diverse.", "Families of Asparagales __knowledge__ The APG III system is used in \"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families\" from the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew.", "Families of Asparagales __knowledge__ With this circumscription, the order consists of 14 families (Dahlgren had 31) with approximately 1120 genera and 26000 species.", "Garden design __knowledge__ Garden design is the art and process of designing and creating plans for layout and planting of gardens and landscapes.", "Garden design __knowledge__ Garden design may be done by the garden owner themselves, or by professionals of varying levels of experience and expertise.", "Garden design __knowledge__ Most professional garden designers have some training in horticulture and the principles of design, and some are also landscape architects, a more formal level of training that usually requires an advanced degree and often a state license.", "Garden design __knowledge__ Amateur gardeners may also attain a high level of experience from extensive hours working in their own gardens, through casual study, serious study in Master Gardener Programs, or by joining gardening clubs." ] ]

[ 1, 16, 11 ]

[ "hello, how are you today? do you like roses?", "the are grown as ornamental plants in gardens", "the leaves are borne alternately on the stem, i dont know a lot else" ]

[ "Rose", "Rose", "Rose" ]

[ "Chocolate\nAre you a fan of chocolate? I really enjoy some of the flavors out there", "That's amazing! I did not know chocolate and cocoa had been around that long.", "That's great news. I think chocolate even has medicinal and health benefits", "Sustainable farming needs to be continued and brought into the future. So much great work to be done", "WWII has had such a significant impact on the world. Even on chocolate!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Jones Soda __knowledge__ Jones Soda Co. is a beverage company based in Pioneer Square, Seattle, Washington.", "Jones Soda __knowledge__ It bottles and distributes soft drinks, non-carbonated beverages, energy drinks, and candy.", "Jones Soda __knowledge__ Jones Soda is a carbonated soft drink that has many unusual flavors that are not offered by other soft drink makers.", "Jones Soda __knowledge__ The company was founded by Peter van Stolk in 1986 as a beverage distributor in Western Canada.", "Jones Soda __knowledge__ Until 1995, the company distributed other beverage lines such as AriZona Iced Tea and Thomas Kemper sodas in Western Canada.", "Jones Soda __knowledge__ As the company gained significant knowledge of the beverage industry, it decided to get into the market with alternative beverages as the Urban Juice & Soda Company.", "M&M's __knowledge__ M&M's are \"colorful button-shaped chocolates\", each of which has the letter \"m\" printed in lower case on one side, surrounds a filling which varies depending upon the variety of M&M's.", "M&M's __knowledge__ The original candy had a milk chocolate filling which, upon introducing other variations, was branded as the \"plain\" variety.", "M&M's __knowledge__ \"Peanut\" M&M's, which feature a peanut coated in milk chocolate, and finally a candy shell, were the first variation to be introduced, and they remain a regular variety.", "M&M's __knowledge__ Numerous other variations have been introduced, some of which are regular widespread varieties (such as \"peanut butter\", \"almond\", \"pretzel\", \"crispy\", \"dark chocolate\", and \"caramel\") while others are limited in duration or geographic availability.", "Pocky __knowledge__ The original was followed by almond coatings in 1971, and strawberry coatings in 1977.", "Pocky __knowledge__ Today, the product line includes variations as milk, mousse, green tea, honey, banana, cookies and cream, and coconut flavored coatings, and themed products such as \"Decorer Pocky\", with colorful decorative stripes in the coating, and \"Men's Pocky\", a dark (bittersweet) chocolate and \"mature\" version.", "Pocky __knowledge__ Pocky is a very popular treat in Japan, especially among teenagers.", "Pocky __knowledge__ In bars, it is sometimes served with a glass of ice water or milk In Europe Pocky is produced under license by Mondelēz International and sold under the name \"Mikado\" in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and Greece.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats are produced in different variations around the world, with several countries claiming to have invented it or hailing it as their \"national confection\".", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Originally the treat was made using cream (hence the Danish name \"flødeboller\" (cream buns)), but the filling was later made from egg whites to help industrialize production and improve shelf life.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Many languages used to call these treats by phrases or compounds using a counterpart to negro (e.g.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ \"negro's kiss\", \"negro bun\"); most but not all of these are increasingly being avoided, especially in formal writing, in favour of replacements such as \"choco-kiss\".", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ Cabernet Sauvignon () is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ From France, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Napa Valley, New Zealand's Hawkes Bay, Australia's Margaret River and Coonawarra regions, and Chile's Maipo Valley and Colchagua.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry in the Philippines evidences the agricultural roots of the Philippine society.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The growing of cacao or cocoa boasts a long history stretching from the colonial times.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Originating from Mesoamerican forests, cacao was first introduced by the Spanish colonizers four centuries ago.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Since then the Philippine cocoa industry has been the primary producer of cocoa beans in the Southeast Asia.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ There are many areas of production of cacao in the Philippines, owing to its agriculture.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry is currently on a small to medium scale.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The word “chocolate” as we know it today was spelled in different ways throughout time, in different ways such as “chocalatall,” “jocolatte,” “jacolatte,” and “chockelet.” It is a derivative of the word \"cacahuatl\" or \"xocoatl\", a bitter drink the Aztecs brewed from cacao beans mixed with spices, wine, and other local ingredients that can be traced back to Pre-Columbian Mexico." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The cocoa bean, also called cacao bean, cocoa (), and cacao (), is the dried and fully fermented seed of \"Theobroma cacao\", from which cocoa solids and, because of the seed's fat, cocoa butter can be extracted.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The beans are the basis of chocolate, and of such Mesoamerican foods as \"mole\" and \"tejate\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The word \"cocoa\" comes from the Spanish word \"cacao\", which is derived from the Nahuatl word \"cacahuatl\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The Nahuatl word, in turn, ultimately derives from the reconstructed Proto Mije-Sokean word \"*kakaw~*kakawa\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The term \"cocoa\" also means The cacao tree is native to the Americas.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ It originated in Central America and parts of Mexico.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry in the Philippines evidences the agricultural roots of the Philippine society.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The growing of cacao or cocoa boasts a long history stretching from the colonial times.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Originating from Mesoamerican forests, cacao was first introduced by the Spanish colonizers four centuries ago.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Since then the Philippine cocoa industry has been the primary producer of cocoa beans in the Southeast Asia.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ There are many areas of production of cacao in the Philippines, owing to its agriculture.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry is currently on a small to medium scale.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The word “chocolate” as we know it today was spelled in different ways throughout time, in different ways such as “chocalatall,” “jocolatte,” “jacolatte,” and “chockelet.” It is a derivative of the word \"cacahuatl\" or \"xocoatl\", a bitter drink the Aztecs brewed from cacao beans mixed with spices, wine, and other local ingredients that can be traced back to Pre-Columbian Mexico.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ The first chocolate beverage is believed to have been created by the Mayans around 2,500-3,000 years ago, and a cocoa beverage was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Fair trade cocoa is an agricultural product harvested from the cacao tree using a certified process which is followed by cocoa farmers, buyers, and chocolate manufacturers, and is designed to create sustainable incomes for farmers and their families.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Companies that use fair trade certified cocoa to create products can advertise that they are contributing to social, economic, and environmental sustainability in agriculture.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ In the 1990s, approximately 90 percent of the world’s cocoa was produced on small, family managed farms, primarily in West Africa and Latin America.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Local collectors and intermediaries purchase and transport the cocoa to exporters and processors.", "Child labor in cocoa production __knowledge__ The widespread use of children in cocoa production is controversial, not only for the concerns about child labor and exploitation, but also because, as of 2015, up to 19,000 children working in Côte d'Ivoire, the world's biggest producer of cocoa, may have been victims of trafficking or slavery.", "Child labor in cocoa production __knowledge__ Most attention on this subject has focused on West Africa, which collectively supplies 69 percent of the world's cocoa, and Côte d'Ivoire in particular, which supplies 35 percent of the world's cocoa.", "Child labor in cocoa production __knowledge__ Thirty percent of children under age 15 in sub-Saharan Africa are child laborers, mostly in agricultural activities including cocoa farming.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ The history of chocolate in Spain is part of the culinary history of Spain as understood since the 16th century, when the colonization of the Americas began and the cocoa plant was discovered in regions of Mesoamerica, until the present.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ After the conquest of Mexico, cocoa as a commodity travelled by boat from the port of Nueva España to the Spanish coast.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ The first such voyage to Europe occurred at an unknown date in the 1520s.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ However it was only in the 17th century that regular trade began from the port of Veracruz, opening a maritime trade route that would supply the new demand from Spain, and later from other European countries.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to the deep tropical regions of Central and South America.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make cocoa mass, cocoa powder, confectionery, ganache and chocolate.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, long and broad.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are produced in clusters directly on the trunk and older branches; this is known as cauliflory.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are small, diameter, with pink calyx.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The floral formula is ✶ K5 C5 A(5°+5²) (5).", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ While many of the world's flowers are pollinated by bees (Hymenoptera) or butterflies/moths (Lepidoptera), cacao flowers are pollinated by tiny flies, \"Forcipomyia\" midges in the subfamily Forcipomyiinae.", "Maya civilization __knowledge__ The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its hieroglyphic script—the only known fully developed writing system of the pre-Columbian Americas—as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.", "Maya civilization __knowledge__ The Maya civilization developed in an area that encompasses southeastern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize, and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador.", "Maya civilization __knowledge__ This region consists of the northern lowlands encompassing the Yucatán Peninsula, and the highlands of the Sierra Madre, running from the Mexican state of Chiapas, across southern Guatemala and onwards into El Salvador, and the southern lowlands of the Pacific littoral plain.", "Mesoamerica __knowledge__ Mesoamerica is an important historical region and cultural area in the Americas, extending from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, and within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.", "Mesoamerica __knowledge__ It is one of six areas in the world where ancient civilization arose independently, and the second in the Americas along with Norte Chico (Caral-Supe) in present-day northern coastal Peru.", "Mesoamerica __knowledge__ As an uncultural swine area, Mesoamerica is defined by a mosaic of cultural traits developed and shared by its indigenous cultures.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The history of chocolate begins in Mesoamerica.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Fermented beverages made from chocolate date back to 1900 BC.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The Aztecs believed that cacao seeds were the gift of Quetzalcoatl, the god of wisdom, and the seeds once had so much value that they were used as a form of currency.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Originally prepared only as a drink, chocolate was served as a bitter, from a liquid, mixed with spices or corn puree.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ It was believed to have aphrodisiac powers and to give the drinker strength.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Today, such drinks are also known as \"Chilate\" and are made by locals in the South of Mexico.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ After its arrival to Europe in the sixteenth century, sugar was added to it, rendering it an aphrodisiac, and it became popular throughout society, first among the ruling classes and then among the common people." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Health insurance in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, health insurance is any program that helps pay for medical expenses, whether through privately purchased insurance, social insurance or a social welfare program funded by the government.", "Health insurance in the United States __knowledge__ Synonyms for this usage include \"health coverage\", \"health care coverage\" and \"health benefits\".", "Health insurance in the United States __knowledge__ In a more technical sense, the term is used to describe any form of insurance that provides protection against the costs of medical services.", "Health insurance in the United States __knowledge__ This usage includes private insurance and social insurance programs such as Medicare, which pools resources and spreads the financial risk associated with major medical expenses across the entire population to protect everyone, as well as social welfare programs such as Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program, which provide assistance to people who cannot afford health coverage.", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ The health effects of wine are mainly determined by its active ingredient alcohol.", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ Some studies found that drinking small quantities of alcohol (up to one standard drink per day for women and one to two drinks per day for men) is associated with a decreased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and early death.", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ However, other studies found no such effect.", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ Drinking more than the standard drink amount increases the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, stroke and cancer.", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ Mixed results are also observed in light drinking and cancer mortality.", "Medicinal plants __knowledge__ Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times.", "Medicinal plants __knowledge__ Plants synthesise hundreds of chemical compounds for functions including defence against insects, fungi, diseases, and herbivorous mammals.", "Medicinal plants __knowledge__ Numerous phytochemicals with potential or established biological activity have been identified.", "Medicinal plants __knowledge__ However, since a single plant contains widely diverse phytochemicals, the effects of using a whole plant as medicine are uncertain.", "Medicinal plants __knowledge__ Further, the phytochemical content and pharmacological actions, if any, of many plants having medicinal potential remain unassessed by rigorous scientific research to define efficacy and safety.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ The first chocolate beverage is believed to have been created by the Mayans around 2,500-3,000 years ago, and a cocoa beverage was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl.", "CalPERS __knowledge__ The California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS) is an agency in the California executive branch that \"manages pension and health benefits for more than 1.6 million California public employees, retirees, and their families\".", "CalPERS __knowledge__ In fiscal year 2012–13, CalPERS paid over $12.7 billion in retirement benefits, and in fiscal year 2013 it is estimated that CalPERS will pay over $7.5 billion in health benefits.", "CalPERS __knowledge__ As of June 30, 2014, CalPERS managed the largest public pension fund in the United States, with $300.3 billion in assets.", "CalPERS __knowledge__ CalPERS is known for its shareholder activism; stocks placed on its \"Focus List\" may perform better than other stocks, which has given rise to the term \"CalPERS effect\".", "Activia __knowledge__ Activia is a brand of yogurt owned by Groupe Danone (\"The Dannon Company\" in the United States) and introduced in France in 1987.", "Activia __knowledge__ As of 2013, Activia is present in more than 70 countries and on 5 continents.", "Activia __knowledge__ Activia is classified as a functional food, designed to improve digestive health.", "Activia __knowledge__ In the 1980s, Danone researchers took interest in bifidobacteria.", "Activia __knowledge__ They developed a specific strain that can survive in the acidic medium of yogurt.", "Activia __knowledge__ In addition to traditional yogurt bacteria, they decided to add a probiotic strain:Bifidus Actiregularis.", "Activia __knowledge__ Activia products thus contain \"Bifidobacterium animalis DN 173,010\", a proprietary strain of Bifidobacterium, a probiotic which is marketed by Dannon under the trade names \"Bifidus Regularis\", \"Bifidus Actiregularis\", \"Bifidus Digestivum\" and \"Bifidobacterium Lactis\".", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Fair trade is a social movement whose stated goal is to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions and to promote sustainable farming.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Members of the movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ The movement focuses in particular on commodities, or products which are typically exported from developing countries to developed countries, but also consumed in domestic markets (e.g.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Brazil, India and Bangladesh) most notably handicrafts, coffee, cocoa, wine, sugar, fresh fruit, chocolate, flowers and gold.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Fair trade cocoa is an agricultural product harvested from the cacao tree using a certified process which is followed by cocoa farmers, buyers, and chocolate manufacturers, and is designed to create sustainable incomes for farmers and their families.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Companies that use fair trade certified cocoa to create products can advertise that they are contributing to social, economic, and environmental sustainability in agriculture.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ In the 1990s, approximately 90 percent of the world’s cocoa was produced on small, family managed farms, primarily in West Africa and Latin America.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Local collectors and intermediaries purchase and transport the cocoa to exporters and processors.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The cocoa bean, also called cacao bean, cocoa (), and cacao (), is the dried and fully fermented seed of \"Theobroma cacao\", from which cocoa solids and, because of the seed's fat, cocoa butter can be extracted.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The beans are the basis of chocolate, and of such Mesoamerican foods as \"mole\" and \"tejate\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The word \"cocoa\" comes from the Spanish word \"cacao\", which is derived from the Nahuatl word \"cacahuatl\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The Nahuatl word, in turn, ultimately derives from the reconstructed Proto Mije-Sokean word \"*kakaw~*kakawa\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The term \"cocoa\" also means The cacao tree is native to the Americas.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ It originated in Central America and parts of Mexico.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry in the Philippines evidences the agricultural roots of the Philippine society.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The growing of cacao or cocoa boasts a long history stretching from the colonial times.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Originating from Mesoamerican forests, cacao was first introduced by the Spanish colonizers four centuries ago.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Since then the Philippine cocoa industry has been the primary producer of cocoa beans in the Southeast Asia.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ There are many areas of production of cacao in the Philippines, owing to its agriculture.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry is currently on a small to medium scale.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The word “chocolate” as we know it today was spelled in different ways throughout time, in different ways such as “chocalatall,” “jocolatte,” “jacolatte,” and “chockelet.” It is a derivative of the word \"cacahuatl\" or \"xocoatl\", a bitter drink the Aztecs brewed from cacao beans mixed with spices, wine, and other local ingredients that can be traced back to Pre-Columbian Mexico.", "Fair Trade USA __knowledge__ Fair Trade USA, formerly \"TransFair USA\", is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, that sets standards, certifies, and labels products that promote sustainable livelihoods for farmers and workers and protect the environment.", "Fair Trade USA __knowledge__ Founded in 1998 by the Institute for Agricultural Trade Policy (IATP), Fair Trade USA is an independent, nonprofit organization that sets standards, certifies, and labels products that promote sustainable livelihoods for farmers and workers and protect the environment.", "Fair Trade USA __knowledge__ Its mission is to \"enable sustainable development and community empowerment by cultivating a more equitable global trade model that benefits farmers, workers, consumers, industry and the earth\".", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to the deep tropical regions of Central and South America.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make cocoa mass, cocoa powder, confectionery, ganache and chocolate.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, long and broad.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are produced in clusters directly on the trunk and older branches; this is known as cauliflory.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are small, diameter, with pink calyx.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The floral formula is ✶ K5 C5 A(5°+5²) (5).", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ While many of the world's flowers are pollinated by bees (Hymenoptera) or butterflies/moths (Lepidoptera), cacao flowers are pollinated by tiny flies, \"Forcipomyia\" midges in the subfamily Forcipomyiinae." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Sustainable agriculture __knowledge__ Sustainable agriculture is farming in sustainable ways based on an understanding of ecosystem services, the study of relationships between organisms and their environment.", "Sustainable agriculture __knowledge__ It has been defined as \"an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will last over the long term\", for example: The phrase 'sustainable agriculture' was reportedly coined by the Australian agricultural scientist Gordon McClymont.", "Sustainable agriculture __knowledge__ Wes Jackson is credited with the first publication of the expression in his 1980 book \"New Roots for Agriculture\".", "Sustainable agriculture __knowledge__ The term became popular in the late 1980s.", "Sustainable living __knowledge__ Sustainable living is a lifestyle that attempts to reduce an individual's or society's use of the Earth's natural resources and personal resources.", "Sustainable living __knowledge__ Practitioners of sustainable living often attempt to reduce their carbon footprint by altering methods of transportation, energy consumption, and diet.", "Sustainable living __knowledge__ Proponents of sustainable living aim to conduct their lives in ways that are consistent with sustainability, in natural balance and respectful of humanity's symbiotic relationship with the Earth's natural ecology and cycles.", "Sustainable living __knowledge__ The practice and general philosophy of ecological living is highly interrelated with the overall principles of sustainable development.", "Glynwood __knowledge__ Glynwood is a nonprofit organization in Cold Spring, New York.", "Glynwood __knowledge__ Its mission is to help save farming in the Northeast, particularly the Hudson Valley, by strengthening farm communities and regional food systems.", "Glynwood __knowledge__ Located in the Hudson Valley, the Glynwood Center strives to get small- and mid-sized farmers to thrive, \"on the land and in the marketplace\".", "Glynwood __knowledge__ A non-profit organization, Glynwood finds it important to have a healthier regional food system, help the economy, conserve the natural environment, and promote a sense of place.", "Glynwood __knowledge__ They make it their mission to ensure that farming thrives in the Hudson Valley by developing and implementing core programs that enhance the viability of farming in our region.", "Marine shrimp farming __knowledge__ Marine shrimp farming is an aquaculture business for the cultivation of marine shrimp or prawns for human consumption.", "Marine shrimp farming __knowledge__ Although traditional shrimp farming has been carried out in Asia for centuries, large-scale commercial shrimp farming began in the 1970s, and production grew steeply, particularly to match the market demands of the United States, Japan and Western Europe.", "Marine shrimp farming __knowledge__ The total global production of farmed shrimp reached more than 1.6 million tonnes in 2003, representing a value of nearly 9 billion U.S. dollars.", "Marine shrimp farming __knowledge__ About 75% of farmed shrimp is produced in Asia, in particular in China and Thailand.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) refers to the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) toward social, economic, and political development, with a particular emphasis on helping poor and marginalized people and communities.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ It aims to help in international development by bridging the digital divide and providing equitable access to technologies.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ ICT4D is grounded in the notions of \"development\", \"growth\", \"progress\" and \"globalization\" and is often interpreted as the use of technology to deliver a greater good.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Another similar term used in the literature is \"digital development\".", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In ecology, sustainability (from \"sustain\" and \"ability\") is the property of biological systems to remain diverse and productive indefinitely.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In more general terms, sustainability is the endurance of systems and processes.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ The organizing principle for sustainability is sustainable development, which includes the four interconnected domains: ecology, economics, politics and culture.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability science is the study of sustainable development and environmental science.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability can also be defined as a socio-ecological process characterized by the pursuit of a common ideal.", "UTZ Certified __knowledge__ UTZ Certified is a program and a label for sustainable farming.", "UTZ Certified __knowledge__ The UTZ Certified label is featured on more than 10,000 different product packages in over 116 countries.", "UTZ Certified __knowledge__ As of 2014, UTZ Certified is the largest program for sustainable farming of coffee and cocoa in the world.", "UTZ Certified __knowledge__ The UTZ Certified program covers good agricultural practices, farm management and the environment.", "UTZ Certified __knowledge__ UTZ was launched in 2002 as Utz Kapeh, meaning ‘Good Coffee’ in the Mayan language Quiché.", "UTZ Certified __knowledge__ It was founded by Nick Bocklandt, a Belgian-Guatemalan coffee grower, and Ward de Groote, a Dutch coffee roaster, with the goal of implementing sustainability on a large scale in the worldwide market.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Fair trade is a social movement whose stated goal is to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions and to promote sustainable farming.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Members of the movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ The movement focuses in particular on commodities, or products which are typically exported from developing countries to developed countries, but also consumed in domestic markets (e.g.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Brazil, India and Bangladesh) most notably handicrafts, coffee, cocoa, wine, sugar, fresh fruit, chocolate, flowers and gold.", "Fair Trade USA __knowledge__ Fair Trade USA, formerly \"TransFair USA\", is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, that sets standards, certifies, and labels products that promote sustainable livelihoods for farmers and workers and protect the environment.", "Fair Trade USA __knowledge__ Founded in 1998 by the Institute for Agricultural Trade Policy (IATP), Fair Trade USA is an independent, nonprofit organization that sets standards, certifies, and labels products that promote sustainable livelihoods for farmers and workers and protect the environment.", "Fair Trade USA __knowledge__ Its mission is to \"enable sustainable development and community empowerment by cultivating a more equitable global trade model that benefits farmers, workers, consumers, industry and the earth\".", "Cooperation for Fair Trade in Africa __knowledge__ The Cooperation for Fair Trade in Africa (COFTA) is an organized social movement that aims to eliminate poverty through the fair distribution of profits during international trade.", "Cooperation for Fair Trade in Africa __knowledge__ COFTA is a national network of Fair Trade Organizations, Fair Trade Support Organizations and Fair Trade Networks, all of which are certified members of the World Fair Trade Organization (WFTO).", "Cooperation for Fair Trade in Africa __knowledge__ The COFTA network attempts to assist grassroots producers in the development of quality products as well as providing market access support to create better trading conditions for a sustainable infrastructure.", "Cooperation for Fair Trade in Africa __knowledge__ Although varying definitions exist for the term 'Fair Trade', in 2001 an agreed upon classification was created by FINE, a conglomerate of fair trade advocate groups made up of International Fair Trade Association (IFAT) the Fair Trade Labeling Organizations International (FLO), the Network of European Worldshops (NEWS!", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Fair trade cocoa is an agricultural product harvested from the cacao tree using a certified process which is followed by cocoa farmers, buyers, and chocolate manufacturers, and is designed to create sustainable incomes for farmers and their families.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Companies that use fair trade certified cocoa to create products can advertise that they are contributing to social, economic, and environmental sustainability in agriculture.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ In the 1990s, approximately 90 percent of the world’s cocoa was produced on small, family managed farms, primarily in West Africa and Latin America.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Local collectors and intermediaries purchase and transport the cocoa to exporters and processors.", "Sustainable products __knowledge__ Sustainable products are those products that provide environmental, social and economic benefits while protecting public health and environment over their whole life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials until the final disposal.", "Sustainable products __knowledge__ According to Belz, Frank-Martin., the definition of sustainable product has six characteristics: Michael Braungart and William McDonough's book \"\" expands on the life-cycle part of this definition.", "Sustainable products __knowledge__ They suggest that we should make every material and product so that it can be disassembled when its use is over, and so that all the materials of which it is made can then be returned to the Earth after composting, or endlessly recycled as raw materials.", "Economics of coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a popular beverage and an important commodity.", "Economics of coffee __knowledge__ Tens of millions of small producers in developing countries make their living growing coffee.", "Economics of coffee __knowledge__ Over 2.25 billion cups of coffee are consumed in the world every day.", "Economics of coffee __knowledge__ Over 90% of coffee production takes place in developing countries - mostly South America, while consumption happens mainly in the industrialized economies.", "Economics of coffee __knowledge__ 25 million small producers rely on coffee for a living worldwide, in Brazil alone, where almost a third of all the world's coffee is produced,Brazil had the largest export of coffee in September 2017 http://www.ico.org/prices/m1-exports.pdf, over 5 million people are employed in the cultivation and harvesting of over 3 billion coffee plants; it is a more labour-intensive culture than alternative cultures of the same regions as sugar cane or cattle, as it is not subject to automation and requires constant attention.", "History of fair trade __knowledge__ The fair trade movement has undergone several important changes since its early days following World War II.", "History of fair trade __knowledge__ Fair trade, first seen as a form of charity advocated by religious organizations, has radically changed in structure, philosophy and approach.", "History of fair trade __knowledge__ The past fifty years have witnessed massive changes in the diversity of fair trade proponents, the products traded and their distribution networks.", "History of fair trade __knowledge__ Fair trade principles have deep roots in European societies long before the first structured alternative trading organizations (ATOs) emerged following World War II.", "History of fair trade __knowledge__ Many of the fundamental concepts behind fair trade actually show a great resemblance with pre-capitalist ideas about the organization of the economy and society." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Environmental impact assessment __knowledge__ Environmental assessment (EA) is the assessment of the environmental consequences (positive and negative) of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.", "Environmental impact assessment __knowledge__ In this context, the term \"environmental impact assessment\" (EIA) is usually used when applied to actual projects by individuals or companies and the term \"strategic environmental assessment\" (SEA) applies to policies, plans and programmes most often proposed by organs of state.", "Environmental impact assessment __knowledge__ Environmental assessments may be governed by rules of administrative procedure regarding public participation and documentation of decision making, and may be subject to judicial review.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ The first chocolate beverage is believed to have been created by the Mayans around 2,500-3,000 years ago, and a cocoa beverage was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl.", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ Italy is considered the birthplace of Western civilization and a cultural superpower.", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ Italy has been the starting point of phenomena of international impact such as the Magna Graecia, the Roman Empire, the Roman Catholic Church, the Renaissance, the Risorgimento and the European integration.", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ During its history, the nation gave birth to an enormous number of notable people.", "Culture of Italy __knowledge__ Both the internal and external faces of Western culture were born on the Italian peninsula, whether one looks at the history of the Christian faith, civil institutions (such as the Senate), philosophy, law, art, science, or social customs and culture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Early impact of Mesoamerican goods in Iberian society __knowledge__ The early impact of Mesoamerican goods on Iberian society had a unique effect on European societies, particularly in Spain and Portugal.", "Early impact of Mesoamerican goods in Iberian society __knowledge__ The introduction of American \"miracle foods\" was instrumental in pulling the Iberian population out of the famine and hunger that was common in the 16th century.", "Early impact of Mesoamerican goods in Iberian society __knowledge__ Maize (corn), potatoes, turkey, squash, beans, and tomatoes were all incorporated into existing Spanish and Portuguese cuisine styles.", "Early impact of Mesoamerican goods in Iberian society __knowledge__ Equally important was the impact of coffee and sugar cane growing in the New World (despite having already existed in the Old World).", "Early impact of Mesoamerican goods in Iberian society __knowledge__ Along with the impact from food, the introduction of new goods (such as tobacco) also altered how Iberian society worked.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Fair trade is a social movement whose stated goal is to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions and to promote sustainable farming.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Members of the movement advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and environmental standards.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ The movement focuses in particular on commodities, or products which are typically exported from developing countries to developed countries, but also consumed in domestic markets (e.g.", "Fair trade __knowledge__ Brazil, India and Bangladesh) most notably handicrafts, coffee, cocoa, wine, sugar, fresh fruit, chocolate, flowers and gold.", "History of fair trade __knowledge__ The fair trade movement has undergone several important changes since its early days following World War II.", "History of fair trade __knowledge__ Fair trade, first seen as a form of charity advocated by religious organizations, has radically changed in structure, philosophy and approach.", "History of fair trade __knowledge__ The past fifty years have witnessed massive changes in the diversity of fair trade proponents, the products traded and their distribution networks.", "History of fair trade __knowledge__ Fair trade principles have deep roots in European societies long before the first structured alternative trading organizations (ATOs) emerged following World War II.", "History of fair trade __knowledge__ Many of the fundamental concepts behind fair trade actually show a great resemblance with pre-capitalist ideas about the organization of the economy and society.", "Fair Trade USA __knowledge__ Fair Trade USA, formerly \"TransFair USA\", is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, that sets standards, certifies, and labels products that promote sustainable livelihoods for farmers and workers and protect the environment.", "Fair Trade USA __knowledge__ Founded in 1998 by the Institute for Agricultural Trade Policy (IATP), Fair Trade USA is an independent, nonprofit organization that sets standards, certifies, and labels products that promote sustainable livelihoods for farmers and workers and protect the environment.", "Fair Trade USA __knowledge__ Its mission is to \"enable sustainable development and community empowerment by cultivating a more equitable global trade model that benefits farmers, workers, consumers, industry and the earth\".", "Fair trade debate __knowledge__ The fair trade debate is a debate around alleged issues with the Fairtrade brand.", "Fair trade debate __knowledge__ The debate surrounds the ethics and alleged economic implications of fair trade.", "Fair trade debate __knowledge__ Some criticisms have been raised about fair trade systems.", "Fair trade debate __knowledge__ One 2015 study in a journal published by the MIT Press concluded that producer benefits were close to zero because there was an oversupply of certification, and only a fraction of produce classified as Fair Trade was actually sold on Fair Trade markets, just enough to recoup the costs of certification.", "Fair trade debate __knowledge__ Some research indicates that the implementation of certain fair trade standards can cause greater inequalities in some markets where these rigid rules are inappropriate for the specific market.", "Paul Rice __knowledge__ Paul Rice is the President & CEO of Fair Trade USA, the leading third-party certifier of Fair Trade products in the United States.", "Paul Rice __knowledge__ Since launching Fair Trade USA (previously TransFair) in 1998, Paul has pushed to mainstream the Fair Trade movement and expand its impact.", "Paul Rice __knowledge__ He has challenged hundreds of companies to rework their global supply chains to obtain high-quality products that support community development and environmental protection.", "Paul Rice __knowledge__ Paul’s work as a social entrepreneur has helped over 1.2 million farmers receive a fair price for their crops and compete in the global marketplace through direct, long-term contracts with international buyers.", "Fairtrade Canada __knowledge__ Fairtrade Canada, formerly TransFair Canada, is a national non-profit certification and public education organization promoting Fairtrade certified products in Canada to improve the livelihood of developing world farmers and workers.", "Fairtrade Canada __knowledge__ It is the Canadian member of FLO International, which unites 24 fair trade producer and certification initiatives across Europe, Asia, Latin America, North America, Africa, Australia and New Zealand.", "Fairtrade Canada __knowledge__ With Fairtrade coffee, for instance, packers in developed countries pay a fee to The Fairtrade Foundation for the right to use the brand and logo, and nearly all the fee goes on marketing.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Fair trade cocoa is an agricultural product harvested from the cacao tree using a certified process which is followed by cocoa farmers, buyers, and chocolate manufacturers, and is designed to create sustainable incomes for farmers and their families.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Companies that use fair trade certified cocoa to create products can advertise that they are contributing to social, economic, and environmental sustainability in agriculture.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ In the 1990s, approximately 90 percent of the world’s cocoa was produced on small, family managed farms, primarily in West Africa and Latin America.", "Fair trade cocoa __knowledge__ Local collectors and intermediaries purchase and transport the cocoa to exporters and processors." ] ]

[ 3, 32, 41, 68, 7 ]

[ "i do love it! actually i have a cacao farm, cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for a least three millennia in mesoamerica", "Yes from the beggining of times local collectros and intermediaries purchase and transport the cocoa to exporters and processors! even now they are adding fair trade certificate to the cocoa beans", "Yes thats why all the people wants some chocolate, so fair trade is helping producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions and to promote sustainable farming!", "I agree totally with that! fair trade movement has undergone several important changes since its early days following WWII", "Yes, the world its going to a similar process like cocoa beans to be better, after the fermentation the beans are dried clenaed and roasted!" ]

[ "Chocolate", "Chocolate", "Chocolate", "Chocolate", "Chocolate" ]

[ "Ween", "No.Are they an alternative band?", "They sound very cool.Do you have albums from them?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ween __knowledge__ Ween is an American alternative rock band formed in New Hope, Pennsylvania, in 1984 by childhood friends Aaron Freeman and Mickey Melchiondo, better known by their respective stage names, Gene Ween and Dean Ween.", "Ween __knowledge__ After meeting in a middle-school typing class, the two began playing music and immediately chose the name Ween as well as their Ramones-inspired pseudonyms.", "Ween __knowledge__ Ween performed as a duo backed by a Digital Audio Tape for the band's first ten years of existence before expanding to a four- (and later five-) piece act.", "Ween __knowledge__ The band's highest charting single is \"Push th' Little Daisies\", which was a hit in the United States and Australia.", "Ween __knowledge__ While Ween is generally categorized as an alternative rock band, they are known for their highly eclectic catalog of songs inspired by funk, soul, country, gospel, prog, R&B, heavy metal, punk rock, and more.", "Ween __knowledge__ Despite never receiving much mainstream recognition, Ween developed a large, devoted cult following.", "Ween __knowledge__ After a 28-year run, Freeman quit the band in 2012, citing the need to focus on his alcohol and drug addiction issues.", "Ween __knowledge__ In November 2015, Ween announced a February 2016 reunion for three shows in Colorado, with later dates subsequently announced.", "Ween __knowledge__ Aaron Freeman and Mickey Melchiondo met in a junior high school typing class in 1984." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ween __knowledge__ Ween is an American alternative rock band formed in New Hope, Pennsylvania, in 1984 by childhood friends Aaron Freeman and Mickey Melchiondo, better known by their respective stage names, Gene Ween and Dean Ween.", "Ween __knowledge__ After meeting in a middle-school typing class, the two began playing music and immediately chose the name Ween as well as their Ramones-inspired pseudonyms.", "Ween __knowledge__ Ween performed as a duo backed by a Digital Audio Tape for the band's first ten years of existence before expanding to a four- (and later five-) piece act.", "Ween __knowledge__ The band's highest charting single is \"Push th' Little Daisies\", which was a hit in the United States and Australia.", "Ween __knowledge__ While Ween is generally categorized as an alternative rock band, they are known for their highly eclectic catalog of songs inspired by funk, soul, country, gospel, prog, R&B, heavy metal, punk rock, and more.", "Ween __knowledge__ Despite never receiving much mainstream recognition, Ween developed a large, devoted cult following.", "Ween __knowledge__ After a 28-year run, Freeman quit the band in 2012, citing the need to focus on his alcohol and drug addiction issues.", "Ween __knowledge__ In November 2015, Ween announced a February 2016 reunion for three shows in Colorado, with later dates subsequently announced.", "Ween __knowledge__ Aaron Freeman and Mickey Melchiondo met in a junior high school typing class in 1984.", "Alessandro Cortini __knowledge__ Alessandro Cortini (born May 24, 1976) is an Italian musician best known for touring and recording with the American band Nine Inch Nails from 2004 to 2008, during the 2013-2014 touring cycle, and is slated for several 2017 live performances.", "Alessandro Cortini __knowledge__ Cortini is also the frontman for the Los Angeles based electronic-alternative band SONOIO.", "Alessandro Cortini __knowledge__ He was a touring member of The Mayfield Four from 2000 to 2002.", "Alessandro Cortini __knowledge__ He was also a founding member of Modwheelmood, an electronic/alternative band from Los Angeles, with former Abandoned Pools guitarist Pelle Hillström.", "Alessandro Cortini __knowledge__ He completed a small Canadian tour with his solo project, blindoldfreak.", "John Kastner __knowledge__ John Kastner, born Jean-Guy Kastner on August 12, 1969, is a Canadian musician and composer born in Beaconsfield, Quebec.", "John Kastner __knowledge__ He is well known as the singer for Montreal hardcore punk band the Asexuals as well as singer-guitarist for Montreal alternative band Doughboys and alternative band All Systems Go!.", "John Kastner __knowledge__ He is also the manager and former rhythm guitarist for the band Men Without Hats.", "John Kastner __knowledge__ Jean-Guy Kastner was born in Beaconsfield, Quebec, to Charles Kastner and Kathryn Ann Watt.", "John Kastner __knowledge__ He had been interested in rock 'n' roll since elementary school.", "John Kastner __knowledge__ By the time he was 9 years old, he was following musicians who worked in downtown Montreal and who performed at the Forum.", "Palmy __knowledge__ Eve Pancharoen (; 7 August 1981), better known by her stage name Palmy (), is a Thai-Belgian pop singer.", "Palmy __knowledge__ She has recorded and released several albums including concert DVDs on the GMM Grammy label beginning with her self-titled solo debut, \"Palmy\", in 2001.", "Palmy __knowledge__ Palmy has explored a variety of popular music styles on each of her four solo albums, and has collaborated with the Thai ska band T-Bone to create experimental renditions of her hits (see \"Flower Power Concert\" and \"The Acoustic Album\".)", "Palmy __knowledge__ Though her solo recording was \"Beautiful Ride\" in 2006, she continues to perform live with T-Bone, and appears as a guest vocalist at other concerts and music festivals.", "Café Tacuba __knowledge__ Café Tacuba (stylized Café Tacvba) is a band from Ciudad Satélite, Mexico.", "Café Tacuba __knowledge__ The group gained popularity in the early 1990s.", "Café Tacuba __knowledge__ They were founded in 1989, before they had the current lineup of Rubén Isaac Albarrán Ortega (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Emmanuel del Real Díaz (keyboards, piano, programming, rhythm guitar, melodica, vocals), José Alfredo \"Joselo\" Rangel Arroyo (lead guitar, vocals), and Enrique \"Quique\" Rangel Arroyo: (bass guitar, electric upright bass, vocals), their friend Roberto Silva played the keyboards for a short period of time.", "Café Tacuba __knowledge__ Mexican folk music player Alejandro Flores is considered the 5th \"tacubo\", as he has played the violin in almost every Café Tacvba concert since 1994.", "Prayers (rock duo) __knowledge__ Prayers is a Chicano electronic rock duo founded in 2013 by Rafael Reyes and Dave Parley.", "Prayers (rock duo) __knowledge__ Prayers are the first musicians/artists to use the term Cholo goth to define their genre of music which lyrically explores the harsh realities of gang and street life over throbbing beats and swirling synthesizers.", "Prayers (rock duo) __knowledge__ While Dave Parley performs under his birth name, Reyes utilizes his alter-ego Leafar Seyer for Prayers.", "Prayers (rock duo) __knowledge__ Prayers is influenced by Christian Death, Depeche Mode, Bauhaus, Pet Shop Boys and other Gothic rock and dark 80s music, as well as by Reyes' life as gang member in the Sherman Grant Hill Park 27 gang, one of San Diego's oldest gangs, also known as Sherman 27.", "The Cure __knowledge__ The Cure are an English rock band formed in Crawley, West Sussex in 1976.", "The Cure __knowledge__ The band has experienced several line-up changes, with vocalist, guitarist, and principal songwriter Robert Smith being the only constant member.", "The Cure __knowledge__ Their debut single \"Killing an Arab\" (1978) and debut album \"Three Imaginary Boys\" (1979) were important records in the development of the post-punk and new wave movements that developed in the wake of the punk rock scene in the United Kingdom.", "The Cure __knowledge__ During the early 1980s, the band's increasingly dark and tormented music (as well as Smith's unique stage look) was a staple of the emerging style of music known as gothic rock.", "Šarlo Akrobata __knowledge__ Šarlo Akrobata (; trans.", "Šarlo Akrobata __knowledge__ \"Charlot the Acrobat\", a Serbo-Croatian language version of Charlie Chaplin's name in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) were a seminal Yugoslav new wave/post-punk band from Belgrade.", "Šarlo Akrobata __knowledge__ Short-lived but extremely influential, in addition to being one of the most important acts of the Yugoslav new wave scene, the three piece left an indelible mark on the entire music scene of former Yugoslavia.", "Šarlo Akrobata __knowledge__ Spawning from the progressive/hard rock group Limunovo Drvo (; trans.", "Šarlo Akrobata __knowledge__ \"Lemon Tree\"), founded in 1977 by guitarist and vocalist Milan Mladenović and guitarist Dragomir Mihajlović \"Gagi\", after several lineup changes, moved towards new wave music, with the arrival of bassist and vocalist Dušan Kojić \"Koja\" and drummer Ivan Vdović \"VD\".", "History of sound recording __knowledge__ Experiments in capturing sound on a recording medium for preservation and reproduction began in earnest during the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s.", "History of sound recording __knowledge__ Many pioneering attempts to record and reproduce sound were made during the latter half of the 19th century – notably Scott's Phonautograph of 1857 – and these efforts culminated in the invention of the phonograph by Thomas Edison in 1877.", "History of sound recording __knowledge__ Digital recording emerged in the late 20th century, and has since flourished with the popularity of digital music and online streaming services.", "History of sound recording __knowledge__ The history of sound recording - which has progressed in waves, driven by the invention and commercial introduction of new technologies — can be roughly divided into four main periods: The earliest practical recording technologies were entirely mechanical devices.", "Reel-to-reel audio tape recording __knowledge__ Reel-to/open-reel audio tape recording is the form of magnetic tape audio recording in which the recording medium is held on a reel, rather than being securely contained within a cassette.", "Reel-to-reel audio tape recording __knowledge__ In use, the \"supply reel\" or \"feed reel\" containing the tape is mounted on a spindle; the end of the tape is manually pulled out of the reel, threaded through mechanical guides and a tape head assembly, and attached by friction to the hub of a second, initially empty \"takeup reel\".", "Reel-to-reel audio tape recording __knowledge__ Reel-to-reel systems use tape that is ” (6.35 mm), \", 1\", or 2\" in width and normally moves at 7.5 or 3.75 inches (19 or 9.5 cm) per second.", "Digital Audio Tape __knowledge__ Digital Audio Tape (DAT or R-DAT) is a signal recording and playback medium developed by Sony and introduced in 1987.", "Digital Audio Tape __knowledge__ In appearance it is similar to a Compact Cassette, using 3.81 mm / 0.15\" (commonly referred to as 4 mm) magnetic tape enclosed in a protective shell, but is roughly half the size at 73 mm × 54 mm × 10.5 mm.", "Digital Audio Tape __knowledge__ As the name suggests, the recording is digital rather than analog.", "Digital Audio Tape __knowledge__ DAT has the ability to record at higher, equal or lower sampling rates than a CD (48, 44.1 or 32 kHz sampling rate respectively) at 16 bits quantization.", "Digital Audio Tape __knowledge__ If a digital source is copied then the DAT will produce an exact clone, unlike other digital media such as Digital Compact Cassette or non-Hi-MD MiniDisc, both of which use a lossy data reduction system.", "Audio Home Recording Act __knowledge__ The Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 (AHRA) amended the United States copyright law by adding Chapter 10, \"Digital Audio Recording Devices and Media\".", "Audio Home Recording Act __knowledge__ The act enabled the release of recordable digital formats such as Sony and Philips' Digital Audio Tape without fear of contributory infringement lawsuits.", "Audio Home Recording Act __knowledge__ The RIAA and music publishers, concerned that consumers' ability to make perfect digital copies of music would destroy the market for audio recordings, had threatened to sue companies and had lobbied Congress to pass legislation imposing mandatory copy protection technology and royalties on devices and media.", "Digital Compact Cassette __knowledge__ The Digital Compact Cassette (DCC) is a magnetic tape sound recording format introduced by Philips and Matsushita in late 1992 and marketed as the successor to the standard analog Compact Cassette.", "Digital Compact Cassette __knowledge__ It was also a direct competitor to Sony's MiniDisc (MD), but neither format toppled the then-ubiquitous analog cassette despite their technical superiority.", "Digital Compact Cassette __knowledge__ Another competing format, the Digital Audio Tape (DAT) had by 1992 also failed to sell in large quantities (although it was established in recording studios)—DCC was envisaged as a less expensive alternative to DAT.", "Digital Compact Cassette __knowledge__ DCC shares a similar form factor to analog compact cassettes, and DCC recorders can play back either type of cassette.", "Gene Ween __knowledge__ Gene Ween (born March 17, 1970) is the stage name of Aaron Freeman, an American musician and a founding member of the experimental alternative rock group Ween.", "Gene Ween __knowledge__ Freeman, along with childhood friend Dean Ween (Mickey Melchiondo), started the group in the mid-1980s.", "Gene Ween __knowledge__ Freeman announced his departure from Ween in 2012, shortly after releasing \"Marvelous Clouds\", his first solo album.", "Gene Ween __knowledge__ After leaving Ween, he stopped using the name Gene Ween and performed under his birth name Aaron Freeman.", "Gene Ween __knowledge__ In 2014 he formed a new five-piece band called Freeman.", "Gene Ween __knowledge__ However, in 2015, Aaron brought back the Gene Ween name for his \"Gene Ween Does Billy Joel\" concerts, saying it was a positive thing: In November 2015, Ween announced a February 2016 reunion for three shows in Colorado, with later dates subsequently announced." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ween __knowledge__ Ween is an American alternative rock band formed in New Hope, Pennsylvania, in 1984 by childhood friends Aaron Freeman and Mickey Melchiondo, better known by their respective stage names, Gene Ween and Dean Ween.", "Ween __knowledge__ After meeting in a middle-school typing class, the two began playing music and immediately chose the name Ween as well as their Ramones-inspired pseudonyms.", "Ween __knowledge__ Ween performed as a duo backed by a Digital Audio Tape for the band's first ten years of existence before expanding to a four- (and later five-) piece act.", "Ween __knowledge__ The band's highest charting single is \"Push th' Little Daisies\", which was a hit in the United States and Australia.", "Ween __knowledge__ While Ween is generally categorized as an alternative rock band, they are known for their highly eclectic catalog of songs inspired by funk, soul, country, gospel, prog, R&B, heavy metal, punk rock, and more.", "Ween __knowledge__ Despite never receiving much mainstream recognition, Ween developed a large, devoted cult following.", "Ween __knowledge__ After a 28-year run, Freeman quit the band in 2012, citing the need to focus on his alcohol and drug addiction issues.", "Ween __knowledge__ In November 2015, Ween announced a February 2016 reunion for three shows in Colorado, with later dates subsequently announced.", "Ween __knowledge__ Aaron Freeman and Mickey Melchiondo met in a junior high school typing class in 1984.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), better known by his stage name LL Cool J (short for Ladies Love Cool James), is an American rapper, actor, author and entrepreneur from Queens, New York.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ He is known for such hip hop hits as \"Going Back to Cali\", \"I'm Bad\", \"The Boomin' System\", \"Rock The Bells\" and \"Mama Said Knock You Out\", as well as romantic ballads such as \"Doin' It\", \"I Need Love\", \"Around the Way Girl\" and \"Hey Lover\".", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ LL Cool J has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ His twelfth album \"Exit 13\" (2008), was his last for his long-tenured deal with Def Jam Recordings.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Radio (LL Cool J album) __knowledge__ Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J.", "Radio (LL Cool J album) __knowledge__ It was on November 18, 1985, by Def Jam Recordings and was the record label's first full-length album release.", "Radio (LL Cool J album) __knowledge__ \"Radio\" was recorded during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City and produced primarily by Rick Rubin, who provided a sparse and minimal production style.", "Radio (LL Cool J album) __knowledge__ The album also features a sound punctuated by DJ scratching, often brief samples, and emphasis of the downbeat.", "Radio (LL Cool J album) __knowledge__ LL Cool J's aggressive b-boy lyrics explored themes of inner city culture, teenage promiscuity, and braggadocio raps.", "Radio (LL Cool J album) __knowledge__ The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time, earning U.S. \"Billboard\" chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Birth of the Cool __knowledge__ Birth of the Cool is a compilation album by American jazz musician Miles Davis, released in 1957 on Capitol Records.", "Birth of the Cool __knowledge__ It compiles twelve tracks recorded by Davis's nonet for the label over the course of three sessions during 1949 and 1950.", "Birth of the Cool __knowledge__ Featuring unusual instrumentation and several notable musicians, the music consisted of innovative arrangements influenced by classical music techniques such as polyphony, and marked a major development in post-bebop jazz.", "Birth of the Cool __knowledge__ As the title suggests, these recordings are considered seminal in the history of cool jazz.", "Birth of the Cool __knowledge__ Most of them were originally released in the 10-inch 78-rpm format and are all approximately three minutes long.", "Miles Davis __knowledge__ Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926September 28, 1991) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer.", "Miles Davis __knowledge__ He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and 20th century music.", "Miles Davis __knowledge__ Davis adopted a variety of musical directions in his five-decade career which kept him at the forefront of a number of major stylistic developments in jazz.", "Miles Davis __knowledge__ Born and raised in Illinois, Davis left his studies at The Juilliard School in New York City and made his professional debut as a member of saxophonist Charlie Parker's bebop quintet from 1944 to 1948.", "Miles Davis __knowledge__ Shortly after, he recorded the \"Birth of the Cool\" sessions for Capitol Records, which were instrumental to the development of cool jazz.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock is rock music from the United States.", "American rock __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and country music, and also drew on folk music, jazz, blues, and classical music.", "American rock __knowledge__ American rock music was further influenced by the British Invasion of the American pop charts from 1964 and resulted in the development of garage rock.", "American rock __knowledge__ From the late 1960s and early 1970s, American rock music was highly influential in the development of a number of fusions, including blending with folk music to create folk rock, with blues to create blues rock, with country music to create country rock, roots rock and southern rock and with jazz to create jazz rock, all of which contributed to psychedelic rock.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Serbian rock is the rock music scene of Serbia.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ During the 1960s, 1970s and the 1980s, while Serbia was a constituent republic of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbian rock scene was a part of the SFR Yugoslav rock scene.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was not an Eastern Bloc country, but a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and as such, it was far more opened to the Western culture comparing to the other socialist countries.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll reached Yugoslavia via foreign radio stations, most notably Radio Luxemburg, and rock and roll records, brought in from the West.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll influences reached schlager singers, most notably Đorđe Marjanović, who released the first popular music solo album in Serbia, in 1959.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ Birmingham's culture of popular music first developed in the mid-1950s.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ By the early 1960s the city's music scene had emerged as one of the largest and most vibrant in the country; a \"seething cauldron of musical activity\", with over 500 bands constantly exchanging members and performing regularly across a well-developed network of venues and promoters.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ By 1963 the city's music was also already becoming recognised for what would become its defining characteristic: the refusal of its musicians to conform to any single style or genre.", "Popular music of Birmingham __knowledge__ Birmingham's tradition of combining a highly collaborative culture with an open acceptance of individualism and experimentation dates back as far back as the 18th century, and musically this has expressed itself in the wide variety of music produced within the city, often by closely related groups of musicians, from the \"rampant eclecticism\" of the Brum beat era, to the city's \"infamously fragmented\" post-punk scene, to the \"astonishing range\" of distinctive and radical electronic music produced in the city from the 1980s to the early 21st century.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience." ] ]

[ 3, 5, 8 ]

[ "Have you ever heard of the band Ween? Ween performed as a duo backed by a Digital Audio Tape for the band's first ten years of existence before expanding to a four- (and later five-) piece act", "While Ween is generally categorized as an alternative rock band, they are known for their highly eclectic catalog of songs inspired by funk, soul, country, gospel, prog, R&B, heavy metal, punk rock, & other styles", "No I don't. but they are reuniting. In November 2015, Ween announced a February 2016 reunion for three shows in Colorado, with later dates subsequently announced" ]

[ "Ween", "Ween", "Ween" ]

[ "Tattoo", "I do like some tattoos. I don't have any myself. Does it hurt to get a tettoo?", "When were tattoos first started?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tattoo __knowledge__ A tattoo is a form of body modification where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos fall into three broad categories: purely decorative (with no specific meaning); symbolic (with a specific meaning pertinent to the wearer); pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item).", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos have historically been regarded in the West as 'uncivilised', and over the last 100 years the fashion has been associated mainly with sailors, working men and criminals.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ By the end of the 20th Century many Western stigmas of the tattoo culture had been dismissed and the practice has become more acceptable and accessible for people of all trades and levels of society.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The word \"tattoo\", or \"tattow\" in the 18th century, is a loanword from the Polynesian word \"tatau\", meaning \"to write\".", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The \"Oxford English Dictionary\" gives the etymology of tattoo as \"In 18th c. tattaow, tattow.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ From Polynesian (Samoan, Tahitian, Tongan, etc.)", "Tattoo __knowledge__ tatau.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ In Marquesan, tatu.\"", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Before the importation of the Polynesian word, the practice of tattooing had been described in the West as painting, scarring, or staining.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ This is not to be confused with the origins of the word for the military drumbeat or performance — see \"military tattoo\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tattoo __knowledge__ A tattoo is a form of body modification where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos fall into three broad categories: purely decorative (with no specific meaning); symbolic (with a specific meaning pertinent to the wearer); pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item).", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos have historically been regarded in the West as 'uncivilised', and over the last 100 years the fashion has been associated mainly with sailors, working men and criminals.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ By the end of the 20th Century many Western stigmas of the tattoo culture had been dismissed and the practice has become more acceptable and accessible for people of all trades and levels of society.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The word \"tattoo\", or \"tattow\" in the 18th century, is a loanword from the Polynesian word \"tatau\", meaning \"to write\".", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The \"Oxford English Dictionary\" gives the etymology of tattoo as \"In 18th c. tattaow, tattow.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ From Polynesian (Samoan, Tahitian, Tongan, etc.)", "Tattoo __knowledge__ tatau.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ In Marquesan, tatu.\"", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Before the importation of the Polynesian word, the practice of tattooing had been described in the West as painting, scarring, or staining.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ This is not to be confused with the origins of the word for the military drumbeat or performance — see \"military tattoo\".", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Tattooing has been practiced across the globe since at least Neolithic times, as evidenced by mummified preserved skin, ancient art, and the archaeological record.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Both ancient art and archaeological finds of possible tattoo tools suggest tattooing was practiced by the Upper Paleolithic period in Europe.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ However, direct evidence for tattooing on mummified human skin extends only to the 4th millennium BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ The oldest discovery of tattooed human skin to date is found on the body of Ötzi the Iceman, dating to between 3370 and 3100 BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Other tattooed mummies have been recovered from at least 49 archaeological sites including locations in Greenland, Alaska, Siberia, Mongolia, western China, Egypt, Sudan, the Philippines, and the Andes.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some religions have perspectives on tattooing.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some Christians take issue with tattooing, upholding the Hebrew prohibition (see below).", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ The Hebrew prohibition is based on interpreting Leviticus 19:28—\"Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you\"—so as to prohibit tattoos, and perhaps even makeup.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Interpretations of the passage vary, however.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some believe that it refers specifically to, and exclusively prohibits, an ancient form of self-mutilation during mourning (as discussed in the Judaism section).", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Under this interpretation, tattooing is permitted to Jews and Christians.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Criminal tattoos are a type of tattoos associated with criminals to show gang membership and record the wearer's personal history—such as their skills, specialties, accomplishments, incarceration, world view and/or means of personal expression.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos are strongly empirically associated with deviance, personality disorders, and criminality.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Certain tattoo designs have developed recognized coded meanings.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ The code systems can be quite complex and because of the nature of what they encode, the designs of criminal tattoos are not widely recognized as such to outsiders.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Since tattooing in prison is illegal in the United States, the inmates do not have the proper equipment necessary for the practice.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ Sailor tattoos refer to a type of tattoo traditionally favored by sailors and the traditions that accompany these tattoos.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ \"Old school\" tattoos were common among sailors, depicting images like swallows on either side of the chest, girls in sailor hats, and pairs of dice.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ Sailor Jerry's work typified this style of tattooing during the early-mid twentieth century.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ After falling out of style for several decades, these stylized tattoos are regaining popularity again among young people, both sailors and non-sailors.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ They are particularly favored among tattoo artists themselves.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ This returning trend is also seen in the increasing popularity of traditional Sailor Jerry designs, nautical tattoos and even clothing printed with stylized sailor tattoo images.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi is a traditional style of Japanese tattooing, as well as certain modern forms derived from it.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi is done by hand, using wooden handles and metal needles attached via silk thread.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ This method also requires special ink called nara ink.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ It is a painful and time consuming process, done by a limited number of specialists.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ The tattoo artist is called a Horishi, and usually has one or more apprentices working for him for a long period of time.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ They often become a part of the horishis tattoo family.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi was initially associated with firemen, who wore them as a form of spiritual protection.", "Chinese calligraphy tattoos __knowledge__ Chinese calligraphy tattoos are a form of tattooing and a style of calligraphy combined into one form of art.", "Chinese calligraphy tattoos __knowledge__ Originally, Chinese calligraphy and tattoos were combined to distinguish social class or tribes.", "Chinese calligraphy tattoos __knowledge__ Calligraphy started in Europe and Asia and then spread to other continents and countries.", "Chinese calligraphy tattoos __knowledge__ Today, Chinese calligraphy tattoos can be found worldwide and anyone is able to receive them.", "Chinese calligraphy tattoos __knowledge__ People who tend to get these tattoos are fond of this style of tattooing because of their perceived uniqueness.", "Chinese calligraphy tattoos __knowledge__ Calligraphy is a form of art related to writing that originated in ancient Greece.", "Chinese calligraphy tattoos __knowledge__ A pen, fine pointed object, or a brush is used to draw symbols.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ The process of tattooing involves the insertion of pigment into the skin's dermis.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ Traditionally, tattooing often involved rubbing pigment into cuts.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ Modern tattooing almost always requires the use of a tattoo machine and often procedures and accessories to reduce the risk to human health.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ Tattooing involves the placement of pigment into the skin's dermis, the layer of dermal tissue underlying the epidermis.", "Process of tattooing __knowledge__ After initial injection, pigment is dispersed throughout a homogenized damaged layer down through the epidermis and upper dermis, in both of which the presence of foreign material activates the immune system's phagocytes to engulf the pigment particles.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Tattoo removal has been performed with various tools since the start of tattooing.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ While tattoos were once considered permanent, it is now possible to remove them with treatments, fully or partially.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Before the development of laser tattoo removal methods, common techniques included dermabrasion, TCA (Trichloroacetic acid, an acid that removes the top layers of skin, reaching as deep as the layer in which the tattoo ink resides), salabrasion (scrubbing the skin with salt), cryosurgery and excision which is sometimes still used along with skin grafts for larger tattoos.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Some early forms of tattoo removal included the injection or application of wine, lime, garlic or pigeon excrement.", "Human skin __knowledge__ The human skin is the outer covering of the body.", "Human skin __knowledge__ In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system.", "Human skin __knowledge__ The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs.", "Human skin __knowledge__ Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals, and human skin is very similar to pig skin.", "Human skin __knowledge__ Though nearly all human skin is covered with hair follicles, it can appear hairless.", "Human skin __knowledge__ There are two general types of skin, hairy and glabrous skin (hairless).", "Human skin __knowledge__ The adjective cutaneous literally means \"of the skin\" (from Latin \"cutis\", skin).", "Human skin __knowledge__ Because it interfaces with the environment, skin plays an important immunity role in protecting the body against pathogens and excessive water loss.", "Tattoo medical issues __knowledge__ A variety of medical issues can result from tattooing.", "Tattoo medical issues __knowledge__ Because it requires breaking the skin barrier, tattooing may carry health risks, including infection and allergic reactions.", "Tattoo medical issues __knowledge__ Modern tattooists reduce such risks by following universal precautions, working with single-use items, and sterilising their equipment after each use.", "Tattoo medical issues __knowledge__ Many jurisdictions require that tattooists have bloodborne pathogen training, such as is provided through the Red Cross and the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.", "Tattoo medical issues __knowledge__ Dermatologists have observed rare but severe medical complications from tattoo pigments in the body, and have noted that people acquiring tattoos rarely assess health risks \"prior\" to receiving their tattoos.", "Tattoo ink __knowledge__ Tattoo inks consist of pigments combined with a carrier, and are used in tattooing.", "Tattoo ink __knowledge__ Tattoo inks are available in a range of colors that can be thinned or mixed together to produce other colors and shades.", "Tattoo ink __knowledge__ Most professional tattoo artists purchase inks pre-made (known as pre-dispersed inks), while some tattooers mix their own using a dry pigment and a carrier.", "Tattoo ink __knowledge__ Tattoo ink is generally permanent.", "Tattoo ink __knowledge__ Tattoo removal is difficult, painful, and the degree of success depends on the materials used.", "Tattoo ink __knowledge__ Recently developed inks claim to be comparatively easy to remove.", "Tattoo ink __knowledge__ Unsubstantiated claims have been made that some inks fade over time, yielding a \"semi-permanent tattoo.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tattoo __knowledge__ A tattoo is a form of body modification where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos fall into three broad categories: purely decorative (with no specific meaning); symbolic (with a specific meaning pertinent to the wearer); pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item).", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos have historically been regarded in the West as 'uncivilised', and over the last 100 years the fashion has been associated mainly with sailors, working men and criminals.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ By the end of the 20th Century many Western stigmas of the tattoo culture had been dismissed and the practice has become more acceptable and accessible for people of all trades and levels of society.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The word \"tattoo\", or \"tattow\" in the 18th century, is a loanword from the Polynesian word \"tatau\", meaning \"to write\".", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The \"Oxford English Dictionary\" gives the etymology of tattoo as \"In 18th c. tattaow, tattow.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ From Polynesian (Samoan, Tahitian, Tongan, etc.)", "Tattoo __knowledge__ tatau.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ In Marquesan, tatu.\"", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Before the importation of the Polynesian word, the practice of tattooing had been described in the West as painting, scarring, or staining.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ This is not to be confused with the origins of the word for the military drumbeat or performance — see \"military tattoo\".", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Tattooing has been practiced across the globe since at least Neolithic times, as evidenced by mummified preserved skin, ancient art, and the archaeological record.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Both ancient art and archaeological finds of possible tattoo tools suggest tattooing was practiced by the Upper Paleolithic period in Europe.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ However, direct evidence for tattooing on mummified human skin extends only to the 4th millennium BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ The oldest discovery of tattooed human skin to date is found on the body of Ötzi the Iceman, dating to between 3370 and 3100 BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Other tattooed mummies have been recovered from at least 49 archaeological sites including locations in Greenland, Alaska, Siberia, Mongolia, western China, Egypt, Sudan, the Philippines, and the Andes.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some religions have perspectives on tattooing.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some Christians take issue with tattooing, upholding the Hebrew prohibition (see below).", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ The Hebrew prohibition is based on interpreting Leviticus 19:28—\"Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you\"—so as to prohibit tattoos, and perhaps even makeup.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Interpretations of the passage vary, however.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some believe that it refers specifically to, and exclusively prohibits, an ancient form of self-mutilation during mourning (as discussed in the Judaism section).", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Under this interpretation, tattooing is permitted to Jews and Christians.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Criminal tattoos are a type of tattoos associated with criminals to show gang membership and record the wearer's personal history—such as their skills, specialties, accomplishments, incarceration, world view and/or means of personal expression.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos are strongly empirically associated with deviance, personality disorders, and criminality.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Certain tattoo designs have developed recognized coded meanings.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ The code systems can be quite complex and because of the nature of what they encode, the designs of criminal tattoos are not widely recognized as such to outsiders.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Since tattooing in prison is illegal in the United States, the inmates do not have the proper equipment necessary for the practice.", "Chinese calligraphy tattoos __knowledge__ Chinese calligraphy tattoos are a form of tattooing and a style of calligraphy combined into one form of art.", "Chinese calligraphy tattoos __knowledge__ Originally, Chinese calligraphy and tattoos were combined to distinguish social class or tribes.", "Chinese calligraphy tattoos __knowledge__ Calligraphy started in Europe and Asia and then spread to other continents and countries.", "Chinese calligraphy tattoos __knowledge__ Today, Chinese calligraphy tattoos can be found worldwide and anyone is able to receive them.", "Chinese calligraphy tattoos __knowledge__ People who tend to get these tattoos are fond of this style of tattooing because of their perceived uniqueness.", "Chinese calligraphy tattoos __knowledge__ Calligraphy is a form of art related to writing that originated in ancient Greece.", "Chinese calligraphy tattoos __knowledge__ A pen, fine pointed object, or a brush is used to draw symbols.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi is a traditional style of Japanese tattooing, as well as certain modern forms derived from it.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi is done by hand, using wooden handles and metal needles attached via silk thread.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ This method also requires special ink called nara ink.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ It is a painful and time consuming process, done by a limited number of specialists.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ The tattoo artist is called a Horishi, and usually has one or more apprentices working for him for a long period of time.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ They often become a part of the horishis tattoo family.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi was initially associated with firemen, who wore them as a form of spiritual protection.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ Sailor tattoos refer to a type of tattoo traditionally favored by sailors and the traditions that accompany these tattoos.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ \"Old school\" tattoos were common among sailors, depicting images like swallows on either side of the chest, girls in sailor hats, and pairs of dice.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ Sailor Jerry's work typified this style of tattooing during the early-mid twentieth century.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ After falling out of style for several decades, these stylized tattoos are regaining popularity again among young people, both sailors and non-sailors.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ They are particularly favored among tattoo artists themselves.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ This returning trend is also seen in the increasing popularity of traditional Sailor Jerry designs, nautical tattoos and even clothing printed with stylized sailor tattoo images.", "Universal Abit __knowledge__ Universal Abit (formerly ABIT Computer Corporation) was a computer components manufacturer, based in Taiwan, active since the 1980s.", "Universal Abit __knowledge__ Its core product line were motherboards aimed at the overclocker market.", "Universal Abit __knowledge__ Abit experienced serious financial problems in 2005.", "Universal Abit __knowledge__ The brand name \"ABIT\" and other intangible properties, including patents and trademarks, were acquired by Universal Scientific Industrial Co., Ltd. (USI) in May 2006.", "Universal Abit __knowledge__ The parent firm closed the brand as of 31 March 2009.", "Universal Abit __knowledge__ ABIT was founded in 1989.", "Universal Abit __knowledge__ In 1991, they had become the fastest growing motherboard manufacturer, claiming US$10 million in sales.", "Semiotics __knowledge__ Semiotics (also called semiotic studies) is the study of meaning-making, the study of sign process (semiosis) and meaningful communication.", "Semiotics __knowledge__ It is not to be confused with the Saussurean tradition called semiology which is a subset of semiotics.", "Semiotics __knowledge__ This includes the study of signs and sign processes, indication, designation, likeness, analogy, allegory, metonymy, metaphor, symbolism, signification, and communication.", "Semiotics __knowledge__ The semiotic tradition explores the study of signs and symbols as a significant part of communications.", "Semiotics __knowledge__ As different from linguistics, however, semiotics also studies non-linguistic sign systems.", "Pretty Hurts __knowledge__ \"Pretty Hurts\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her eponymous fifth studio album (2013).", "Pretty Hurts __knowledge__ It impacted mainstream radio in the United States on June 10, 2014, as the fourth single from the album.", "Pretty Hurts __knowledge__ The song was written by Sia, Beyoncé and Ammo, and its production was handled by the former two.", "Pretty Hurts __knowledge__ \"Pretty Hurts\" was initially written for Katy Perry and then offered to Rihanna; both artists failed to record the track and as a result it was sent to Beyoncé instead.", "Pretty Hurts __knowledge__ It is a power pop and soul ballad, instrumentally complete with a sparse background honed with the use of synths, minor chords and a \"booming\" drum beat." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Hello, do you like tattoos? a tattoo is a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin ", "Yes it hurts abit. tattoos are in 3 categories, decorative, symbolic and pictorial", "They have been existing for over a 100 years now and the westerners used to see them as uncivilized" ]

[ "Tattoo", "Tattoo", "Tattoo" ]

[ "Lexus\ni drive a silver lexus cause its the best vehicle to get i hear", "I have had it for about 6 months.. this current vehicle anyway", "does a bigger car company own them?", "oh ok that makes sense" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus originated from a corporate project to develop a new premium sedan, code-named F1, which began in 1983 and culminated in the launch of the Lexus LS in 1989.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Subsequently, the division added sedan, coupé, convertible and SUV models.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus did not exist as a brand in its home market until 2005, and all vehicles marketed internationally as Lexus from 1989 to 2005 were released in Japan under the Toyota marque and an equivalent model name.", "Lexus __knowledge__ In 2005, a hybrid version of the RX crossover debuted and additional hybrid models later joined the division's lineup.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus launched its own F marque performance division in 2007 with the debut of the IS F sport sedan, followed by the LFA supercar in 2009.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus vehicles are largely produced in Japan, with manufacturing centered in the Chūbu and Kyūshū regions, and in particular at Toyota's Tahara, Aichi, Chūbu and Miyata, Fukuoka, Kyūshū plants.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Assembly of the first Lexus built outside the country, the Ontario, Canada-produced RX 330, began in 2003.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Following a corporate reorganization from 2001 to 2005, Lexus began operation of its own design, engineering and manufacturing centers.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Since the 2000s, Lexus has increased sales outside its largest market, the United States.", "Lexus IS (XE20) __knowledge__ The Lexus IS (XE20) is the second generation of the Lexus IS line of compact premium cars and sport sedans.", "Lexus IS (XE20) __knowledge__ Sold by Lexus since 2005, the line includes multiple V6 gasoline-powered models, in four-door sedan and two-door convertible body styles.", "Lexus IS (XE20) __knowledge__ Additional sedan models also feature inline-four diesel powertrains, and an F marque version, the IS F, features a V8 engine.", "Lexus IS (XE20) __knowledge__ A pre-production car of the second generation IS model was first shown at the 2005 Geneva Auto Show, with the production version debuting at the 2005 New York Auto Show.", "Lexus IS (XE20) __knowledge__ The second generation was only available as a sedan until the two-door convertible variants debuted in 2008.", "Lexus LFA __knowledge__ The Lexus LFA (Japanese: レクサス・LFA, \"Rekusasu LFA\") is a two-seat supercar from Lexus.", "Lexus LFA __knowledge__ It is the second model in the F marque line of performance vehicles from Lexus, following the IS F. Three concept versions have been shown, each debuting at the North American International Auto Show with the LF-A designation as part of the LF Series concept line.", "Lexus LFA __knowledge__ After beginning development in the early 2000s (codenamed P280), the first LF-A concept premiered in 2005, followed in 2007 by a second LF-A with a more completely furnished interior and exterior.", "Lexus LFA __knowledge__ The third version of the LF-A, a roadster model, premiered in 2008.", "Lexus RX __knowledge__ The Lexus RX (Japanese: レクサス・RX, \"Rekusasu RX\") is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV sold since 1998 by Lexus, the luxury division of Toyota.", "Lexus RX __knowledge__ Originally released in its home market of Japan in late 1997 as the Toyota Harrier, export sales began in March 1998 as the Lexus RX.", "Lexus RX __knowledge__ Four generations of the Lexus RX have been produced to date, the first being compact in size, and the latter three classified as mid-size.", "Lexus RX __knowledge__ Both front- and four-wheel drive configurations have been used on the RX series, and several gasoline powertrain options, including V6 engines and hybrid systems, have been offered.", "Lexus RX __knowledge__ In the Lexus model lineup, the RX sits below the larger GX and LX body-on-frame SUVs, and above the smaller NX crossover.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ The Lexus LS (Japanese: レクサス・LS, \"Rekusasu LS\") is a full-size luxury car (F-segment in Europe) serving as the flagship model of Lexus, the luxury division of Toyota.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ For the first four generations, all LS models featured V8 engines and were predominantly rear-wheel-drive, with Lexus also offering all-wheel-drive, hybrid, and long-wheelbase variants.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ The fifth generation changed to using a V6 engine with no V8 option, and the long wheelbase variant was removed entirely.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ As the first model developed by Lexus, the LS 400 debuted in January 1989 with the second generation debuting in November 1994.", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The Lexus IS (Japanese: レクサス・IS, \"Rekusasu IS\") is a compact executive car sold by Lexus since 1999.", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The IS was originally sold under the Toyota Altezza nameplate in Japan from 1998 (the word \"Altezza\" is Italian for \"highness\") until the introduction of the Lexus brand and the second-generation Lexus IS design in 2006.", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The IS was introduced as an entry-level sport model positioned below the ES in the Lexus lineup.", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The Altezza name is still used at times to refer to chromed car taillights like those fitted to the first-generation model, known as \"Altezza lights\".", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The first-generation Altezza (codename XE10) was launched in Japan in October 1998, while the Lexus IS 200 (GXE10) made its debut in Europe in 1999 and in North America as the IS 300 (JCE10) in 2000.", "Official state car __knowledge__ An official state car is a car used by a government to transport its head of state or head of government in an official capacity, which may also be used occasionally to transport other members of the government or visiting dignitaries from other countries.", "Official state car __knowledge__ A few countries bring their own official state car for state visits to other countries, for instance, the United States, Russia and the United Kingdom.", "Official state car __knowledge__ It also may serve as an automotive symbol of the head of state and their country.", "Official state car __knowledge__ Part of the criteria for an official state car is to have adequate security, capability and stateliness for its duty." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus originated from a corporate project to develop a new premium sedan, code-named F1, which began in 1983 and culminated in the launch of the Lexus LS in 1989.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Subsequently, the division added sedan, coupé, convertible and SUV models.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus did not exist as a brand in its home market until 2005, and all vehicles marketed internationally as Lexus from 1989 to 2005 were released in Japan under the Toyota marque and an equivalent model name.", "Lexus __knowledge__ In 2005, a hybrid version of the RX crossover debuted and additional hybrid models later joined the division's lineup.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus launched its own F marque performance division in 2007 with the debut of the IS F sport sedan, followed by the LFA supercar in 2009.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus vehicles are largely produced in Japan, with manufacturing centered in the Chūbu and Kyūshū regions, and in particular at Toyota's Tahara, Aichi, Chūbu and Miyata, Fukuoka, Kyūshū plants.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Assembly of the first Lexus built outside the country, the Ontario, Canada-produced RX 330, began in 2003.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Following a corporate reorganization from 2001 to 2005, Lexus began operation of its own design, engineering and manufacturing centers.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Since the 2000s, Lexus has increased sales outside its largest market, the United States.", "Whitney Casey __knowledge__ Whitney Casey is an American journalist, news manager and former anchor who has worked at CNN, ABC News and several other top outlets.", "Whitney Casey __knowledge__ She is also a successful published author.", "Whitney Casey __knowledge__ Her first book was \"The Man Plan: Drive Men Wild... Not Away\" in 2009.", "Whitney Casey __knowledge__ Initially a student at University of Southern California, she transferred to University of Virginia where she was a pre-med student with a BS in Exercise Science.", "Whitney Casey __knowledge__ She was honored as an All-American in Volleyball.", "Whitney Casey __knowledge__ After graduation, she began a career in television journalism at a Fox affiliate.", "Whitney Casey __knowledge__ Casey later worked for NBC in Miami and CBS in New York.", "Whitney Casey __knowledge__ From there she caught the eye of the national news media moving on to CNN where she covered some of the biggest stories of the decade.", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles __knowledge__ Government incentives for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have been established by several national and local governments around the world as a financial incentives to plug-in electric vehicle vehicles to consumers.", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles __knowledge__ These mainly include tax exemptions and tax credits, and additional perks that range from access to bus lines to waivers on fees (charging, parking, tolls, etc.).", "Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles __knowledge__ The amount of these incentives usually depend on battery size and the vehicle all-electric range, and some countries extend the benefits to fuel cell vehicles, and electric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Hybrid vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid vehicle uses two or more distinct types of power, such as internal combustion engine to drive an electric generator that powers an electric motor, e.g.", "Hybrid vehicle __knowledge__ in diesel-electric trains using diesel engines to drive an electric generator that powers an electric motor, and submarines that use diesels when surfaced and batteries when submerged.", "Hybrid vehicle __knowledge__ Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids.", "Hybrid vehicle __knowledge__ Power sources for hybrid vehicles include: Mopeds, electric bicycles, and even electric kick scooters are a simple form of a hybrid, powered by an internal combustion engine or electric motor and the rider's muscles.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Tesla, Inc. (formerly Tesla Motors) is an American company that specializes in electric automotives, energy storage and solar panel manufacturing based in Palo Alto, California.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ Founded in 2003, the company specializes in electric cars, lithium-ion battery energy storage, and residential photovoltaic panels (through the subsidiary company SolarCity).", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ The additional products Tesla sells include the Tesla Powerwall and Powerpack batteries, solar panels and solar roof tiles.", "Tesla, Inc. __knowledge__ CEO Elon Musk said that he envisions Tesla as a technology company and independent automaker, aimed at eventually offering electric cars at prices affordable to the average consumer.", "Official state car __knowledge__ An official state car is a car used by a government to transport its head of state or head of government in an official capacity, which may also be used occasionally to transport other members of the government or visiting dignitaries from other countries.", "Official state car __knowledge__ A few countries bring their own official state car for state visits to other countries, for instance, the United States, Russia and the United Kingdom.", "Official state car __knowledge__ It also may serve as an automotive symbol of the head of state and their country.", "Official state car __knowledge__ Part of the criteria for an official state car is to have adequate security, capability and stateliness for its duty.", "Ground Combat Vehicle __knowledge__ The Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) was the United States Army's replacement program for armored fighting vehicles in Armored and Stryker brigade combat teams.", "Ground Combat Vehicle __knowledge__ The GCV was organized under the \"Follow On Incremental Capabilities Package\" of the BCT Modernization program.", "Ground Combat Vehicle __knowledge__ The first variant of the vehicle was to be prototyped in 2015 and fielded by 2017.", "Ground Combat Vehicle __knowledge__ It replaced the canceled Future Combat Systems, manned ground vehicles program.", "Ground Combat Vehicle __knowledge__ The Ground Combat Vehicle program was cancelled in February 2014.", "Ground Combat Vehicle __knowledge__ Specific design elements of the GCV were contracted out, though the Army designed the architecture and retained overall responsibility for synchronization.", "Charles-Valentin Alkan __knowledge__ Charles-Valentin Alkan (; 30 November 1813 – 29 March 1888) was a French-Jewish composer and virtuoso pianist.", "Charles-Valentin Alkan __knowledge__ At the height of his fame in the 1830s and 1840s he was, alongside his friends and colleagues Frédéric Chopin and Franz Liszt, among the leading pianists in Paris, a city in which he spent virtually his entire life.", "Charles-Valentin Alkan __knowledge__ Alkan earned many awards at the Conservatoire de Paris, which he entered before he was six.", "Charles-Valentin Alkan __knowledge__ His career in the salons and concert halls of Paris was marked by his occasional long withdrawals from public performance, for personal reasons.", "Charles-Valentin Alkan __knowledge__ Although he had a wide circle of friends and acquaintances in the Parisian artistic world, including Eugène Delacroix and George Sand, from 1848 he began to adopt a reclusive life style, while continuing with his compositions – virtually all of which are for the keyboard.", "Lexus LFA __knowledge__ The Lexus LFA (Japanese: レクサス・LFA, \"Rekusasu LFA\") is a two-seat supercar from Lexus.", "Lexus LFA __knowledge__ It is the second model in the F marque line of performance vehicles from Lexus, following the IS F. Three concept versions have been shown, each debuting at the North American International Auto Show with the LF-A designation as part of the LF Series concept line.", "Lexus LFA __knowledge__ After beginning development in the early 2000s (codenamed P280), the first LF-A concept premiered in 2005, followed in 2007 by a second LF-A with a more completely furnished interior and exterior.", "Lexus LFA __knowledge__ The third version of the LF-A, a roadster model, premiered in 2008.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ The Lexus LS (Japanese: レクサス・LS, \"Rekusasu LS\") is a full-size luxury car (F-segment in Europe) serving as the flagship model of Lexus, the luxury division of Toyota.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ For the first four generations, all LS models featured V8 engines and were predominantly rear-wheel-drive, with Lexus also offering all-wheel-drive, hybrid, and long-wheelbase variants.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ The fifth generation changed to using a V6 engine with no V8 option, and the long wheelbase variant was removed entirely.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ As the first model developed by Lexus, the LS 400 debuted in January 1989 with the second generation debuting in November 1994.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota is the world's market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Its Prius family is the world's top selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide .", "Toyota __knowledge__ The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ There is a variety of HEV types, and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy to charge the battery.", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The Lexus IS (Japanese: レクサス・IS, \"Rekusasu IS\") is a compact executive car sold by Lexus since 1999.", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The IS was originally sold under the Toyota Altezza nameplate in Japan from 1998 (the word \"Altezza\" is Italian for \"highness\") until the introduction of the Lexus brand and the second-generation Lexus IS design in 2006.", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The IS was introduced as an entry-level sport model positioned below the ES in the Lexus lineup.", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The Altezza name is still used at times to refer to chromed car taillights like those fitted to the first-generation model, known as \"Altezza lights\".", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The first-generation Altezza (codename XE10) was launched in Japan in October 1998, while the Lexus IS 200 (GXE10) made its debut in Europe in 1999 and in North America as the IS 300 (JCE10) in 2000." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus originated from a corporate project to develop a new premium sedan, code-named F1, which began in 1983 and culminated in the launch of the Lexus LS in 1989.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Subsequently, the division added sedan, coupé, convertible and SUV models.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus did not exist as a brand in its home market until 2005, and all vehicles marketed internationally as Lexus from 1989 to 2005 were released in Japan under the Toyota marque and an equivalent model name.", "Lexus __knowledge__ In 2005, a hybrid version of the RX crossover debuted and additional hybrid models later joined the division's lineup.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus launched its own F marque performance division in 2007 with the debut of the IS F sport sedan, followed by the LFA supercar in 2009.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus vehicles are largely produced in Japan, with manufacturing centered in the Chūbu and Kyūshū regions, and in particular at Toyota's Tahara, Aichi, Chūbu and Miyata, Fukuoka, Kyūshū plants.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Assembly of the first Lexus built outside the country, the Ontario, Canada-produced RX 330, began in 2003.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Following a corporate reorganization from 2001 to 2005, Lexus began operation of its own design, engineering and manufacturing centers.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Since the 2000s, Lexus has increased sales outside its largest market, the United States.", "Economy car __knowledge__ An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low-cost purchase and operation.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Typical economy cars are small (compact or subcompact), lightweight, and inexpensive to buy.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Economy car designers are forced by stringent design constraints to be inventive.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Many innovations in automobile design were originally developed for economy cars, such as the Ford Model T and the Austin Mini.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Gordon Murray, the Formula 1 and Mclaren F1 designer, said when designing his new Murray T.25 city car: \"I would say that building a car to sell for six thousand pounds and designing that for a high-volume production, where you have all the quality issues under control, is a hundred times more difficult than designing a Mclaren F1, or even a racing car.", "Kansas City Motor Car Company __knowledge__ The Kansas City Motor Car Company was a manufacturer of automobiles in the Shefield neighborhood in Northeast Kansas City, Missouri from 1905 to 1909 and was one of the twenty now defunct automakers operating out of Kansas City in the early 20th century.", "Kansas City Motor Car Company __knowledge__ The Kansas City Motor Car Company was formed when the Caps brothers of The Caps Brothers Manufacturing Company who had only been building cars for a few months in 1905 merged their interest in a new company called The Kansas City Motor Car Company.", "Kansas City Motor Car Company __knowledge__ The Kansas City Motor Car Company offered a wide range of vehicles from 1905 to 1909, when in a last ditch effort to stay in business, the company was reorganized as The Wonder Motor Car Company and manufactured the Kansas City Wonder Automobile briefly in 1909.", "Sunbeam Motor Car Company __knowledge__ Sunbeam Motor Car Company Limited was a British motor car manufacturer with its works at Moorfields in Blakenhall, a suburb of Wolverhampton in the county of Staffordshire, now West Midlands.", "Sunbeam Motor Car Company __knowledge__ Its Sunbeam name had been registered by John Marston in 1888 for his bicycle manufacturing business.", "Sunbeam Motor Car Company __knowledge__ Sunbeam motor car manufacture began in 1901.", "Sunbeam Motor Car Company __knowledge__ The motor business was sold to a newly incorporated Sunbeam Motor Car Company Limited in 1905 to separate it from Marston's pedal bicycle business; Sunbeam motorcycles were not made until 1912.", "Sunbeam Motor Car Company __knowledge__ In-house designer Coatalen's enthusiasm for motor-racing accumulated expertise with engines.", "Pullman Company __knowledge__ The Pullman Car Company, founded by George Pullman, manufactured railroad cars in the mid-to-late 19th century through the early decades of the 20th century, during the boom of railroads in the United States.", "Pullman Company __knowledge__ Its workers initially lived in a planned worker community (or \"company town\") named Pullman, Chicago.", "Pullman Company __knowledge__ Pullman developed the sleeping car, which carried his name into the 1980s.", "Pullman Company __knowledge__ Pullman did not just manufacture the cars: he also operated them on most of the railroads in the United States, paying railroad companies to couple the cars to trains.", "Pullman Company __knowledge__ The labor union associated with the company, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which was founded and organized by A. Philip Randolph, was one of the most powerful African-American political entities of the 20th century.", "Nottingham Corporation Tramways __knowledge__ Nottingham Corporation Tramways was formed when Nottingham Corporation took over the Nottingham and District Tramways Company Limited, which had operated a horse and steam tram service from 1877.", "Nottingham Corporation Tramways __knowledge__ In the early part of the year a deputation from Nottingham Corporation visited the cable-operated tramway system at Edinburgh and the overhead electric systems at Bristol and Dover, with the result that on 28 March the Tramways Committee recommended to the City Council that the proposed electric tramways should be operated on the overhead electric system.", "Nottingham Corporation Tramways __knowledge__ At an estimated cost of £425,000 (), electric tramways were proposed as follows: Powers for these were granted in the Nottingham Corporation Act 1899.", "Louisville Railway __knowledge__ The Louisville Railway Company (LRC) was a streetcar and interurban rail operator in Louisville, Kentucky.", "Louisville Railway __knowledge__ It began under the name Louisville City Railway in 1859 as a horsecar operator and slowly acquired other rival companies.", "Louisville Railway __knowledge__ It was renamed in 1880 following the merger of all Mule operations as the Louisville Railway Company.", "Louisville Railway __knowledge__ All tracks were gauge.", "Louisville Railway __knowledge__ 1889 - First electric streetcar line in Louisville opened on Green St., now Liberty St. 1901 - Electrification of streetcar lines completed 1901.", "Louisville Railway __knowledge__ The Crescent Hill Mule Car Line the systems last.", "Louisville Railway __knowledge__ 1901 - Louisville & Eastern Railroad opens first interurban railway in area, extending northeast to Crestwood.", "Cooper Car Company __knowledge__ The Cooper Car Company is a car manufacturer founded in December 1947 by Charles Cooper and his son John Cooper.", "Cooper Car Company __knowledge__ Together with John's boyhood friend, Eric Brandon, they began by building racing cars in Charles's small garage in Surbiton, Surrey, England, in 1946.", "Cooper Car Company __knowledge__ Through the 1950s and early 1960s they reached motor racing's highest levels as their rear-engined, single-seat cars altered the face of Formula One and the Indianapolis 500, and their dominated rally racing.", "Cooper Car Company __knowledge__ Due in part to Cooper's legacy, Great Britain remains the home of a thriving racing industry, and the Cooper name lives on in the Cooper versions of the Mini production cars that are still built in England, but are now owned and marketed by BMW.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ The Lexus LS (Japanese: レクサス・LS, \"Rekusasu LS\") is a full-size luxury car (F-segment in Europe) serving as the flagship model of Lexus, the luxury division of Toyota.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ For the first four generations, all LS models featured V8 engines and were predominantly rear-wheel-drive, with Lexus also offering all-wheel-drive, hybrid, and long-wheelbase variants.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ The fifth generation changed to using a V6 engine with no V8 option, and the long wheelbase variant was removed entirely.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ As the first model developed by Lexus, the LS 400 debuted in January 1989 with the second generation debuting in November 1994.", "Lexus LS (XF40) __knowledge__ The Lexus LS (XF40) is the fourth generation of the Lexus LS line of flagship sedans.", "Lexus LS (XF40) __knowledge__ Lexus debuted the model line at the 2006 North American International Auto Show, with variants including the standard wheelbase LS 460 (USF40) and long wheelbase LS 460 L (USF41); the chassis codes (USF40/USF41) are derived from the fourth generation XF40 platform code and \"UR\" series engine designation.", "Lexus LS (XF40) __knowledge__ In development from 2001, the final design was selected for the V8 models in late 2003, with the hybrid variant's design finalized in 2004.", "Lexus LS (XF40) __knowledge__ Introduced at the 2006 New York International Auto Show, all-wheel drive hybrid models, the standard wheelbase LS 600h (UVF45) and long wheelbase LS 600h L (UVF46), joined the lineup in the 2008 model year.", "Official state car __knowledge__ An official state car is a car used by a government to transport its head of state or head of government in an official capacity, which may also be used occasionally to transport other members of the government or visiting dignitaries from other countries.", "Official state car __knowledge__ A few countries bring their own official state car for state visits to other countries, for instance, the United States, Russia and the United Kingdom.", "Official state car __knowledge__ It also may serve as an automotive symbol of the head of state and their country.", "Official state car __knowledge__ Part of the criteria for an official state car is to have adequate security, capability and stateliness for its duty.", "Lexus LF __knowledge__ The Lexus LF line is a series of concept cars built by Lexus, the luxury vehicle division of Toyota Motor Corporation.", "Lexus LF __knowledge__ The \"LF\" designation refers to \"Lexus Future\".", "Lexus LF __knowledge__ The LF Series vehicles features coupes/convertibles, including: the LF-A, the LF-A Roadster, LF-LC, LF-CC, and the LF-C; sedans: the LF-S, LF-Sh, and LF-Gh; crossover SUVs: the LF-X and LF-Xh; and hatchbacks: the LF-Ch.", "Lexus LF __knowledge__ The first concept vehicle of the LF Series, the LF-X, appeared in 2003.", "Lexus LF __knowledge__ The LF Series utilizes L-finesse, a design philosophy named for \"Leading Edge\" and \"finesse\", which debuted on the LF Series concepts and later extended to all new production Lexus vehicles.", "Lexus IS (XE20) __knowledge__ The Lexus IS (XE20) is the second generation of the Lexus IS line of compact premium cars and sport sedans.", "Lexus IS (XE20) __knowledge__ Sold by Lexus since 2005, the line includes multiple V6 gasoline-powered models, in four-door sedan and two-door convertible body styles.", "Lexus IS (XE20) __knowledge__ Additional sedan models also feature inline-four diesel powertrains, and an F marque version, the IS F, features a V8 engine.", "Lexus IS (XE20) __knowledge__ A pre-production car of the second generation IS model was first shown at the 2005 Geneva Auto Show, with the production version debuting at the 2005 New York Auto Show.", "Lexus IS (XE20) __knowledge__ The second generation was only available as a sedan until the two-door convertible variants debuted in 2008.", "Toyota Crown Majesta __knowledge__ The Toyota Crown Majesta (Japanese: トヨタ・クラウンマジェスタ \"Toyota Kuraun Majesuta\") is a full-size flagship premium luxury automobile from Toyota.", "Toyota Crown Majesta __knowledge__ The Crown Majesta appeared after the international introduction of the Toyota Celsior/Lexus LS in late 1989; the Celsior was exclusive to \"Toyopet Store\" locations on a new platform.", "Toyota Crown Majesta __knowledge__ The Crown Majesta, positioned as a modern limousine alternative to the already existing Toyota Century and shares the flagship role, was exclusive to Toyota Japanese dealerships called \"Toyota Store\".", "Toyota Crown Majesta __knowledge__ The Crown Majesta appeared before the Toyota Aristo, which was assigned to \"Toyota Vista Store\" locations and shared the Crown and Crown Majesta platform." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus originated from a corporate project to develop a new premium sedan, code-named F1, which began in 1983 and culminated in the launch of the Lexus LS in 1989.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Subsequently, the division added sedan, coupé, convertible and SUV models.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus did not exist as a brand in its home market until 2005, and all vehicles marketed internationally as Lexus from 1989 to 2005 were released in Japan under the Toyota marque and an equivalent model name.", "Lexus __knowledge__ In 2005, a hybrid version of the RX crossover debuted and additional hybrid models later joined the division's lineup.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus launched its own F marque performance division in 2007 with the debut of the IS F sport sedan, followed by the LFA supercar in 2009.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Lexus vehicles are largely produced in Japan, with manufacturing centered in the Chūbu and Kyūshū regions, and in particular at Toyota's Tahara, Aichi, Chūbu and Miyata, Fukuoka, Kyūshū plants.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Assembly of the first Lexus built outside the country, the Ontario, Canada-produced RX 330, began in 2003.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Following a corporate reorganization from 2001 to 2005, Lexus began operation of its own design, engineering and manufacturing centers.", "Lexus __knowledge__ Since the 2000s, Lexus has increased sales outside its largest market, the United States.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ Design Manchester is a not-for-profit organisation established to showcase design talent; support design skills, careers & enterprise; advance the contribution of design in the city and the regional economy; and promote the role of Manchester as a design city internationally.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ It has a year-round programme of activities and events and organises Manchester’s annual citywide festival of design.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ In 2013, graphic designers John Owens and Malcolm Garrett RDI and media publicist Fiona McGarva were asked by Professor David Crow, then the Dean of Manchester School of Art, to organise an event to mark the School’s 175th anniversary and the opening of the new Benzie Building designed by Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Gag Concert () is a Korean sketch-comedy TV show on KBS 2TV network.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ It began airing in September 1999 and is the oldest of South Korea current comedy programs.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show is recorded on Wednesdays and airs on KBS 2TV on Sundays at 9:15 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show airs with English subtitles after two weeks on KBS World TV on Saturdays at 6:00 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"※ As of 7 January 2018\" \"(Korean: 아무말 대잔치, Starring: Jang Kiyeong, Park Yeongjin, Hong Hwon, Shin Jongryeong, Song Junseok)\" The contest that allows you to say anything.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Contestants usually say the opposite of what one would expect them to say based on the context.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"(Korean: 명훈아 명훈아 명훈아, Starring: Jeong Myeonghun, Kim Minkyeong, Oh Nami, Lee Hyeonjeong)\" Three glamorous ladies try to entice Jeong Myeonghun with their charms.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ There are many varieties of criticism.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ This article describes common types that occur regularly in everyday life.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For other criteria that classify criticisms, see this page.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For more subject-specific information, see the pages on topics such as art, film, literature, theatre, or architecture.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Aesthetic criticism is a part of aesthetics concerned with critically judging beauty and ugliness, tastefulness and tastelessness, style and fashion, meaning and quality of design—and issues of human sentiment and affect (the evoking of pleasure and pain, likes and dislikes).", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Most parts of human life have an aesthetic dimension, which means there is plenty potential for criticism.", "Kernel (algebra) __knowledge__ In the various branches of mathematics that fall under the heading of abstract algebra, the kernel of a homomorphism measures the degree to which the homomorphism fails to be injective.", "Kernel (algebra) __knowledge__ An important special case is the kernel of a linear map.", "Kernel (algebra) __knowledge__ The kernel of a matrix, also called the \"null space\", is the kernel of the linear map defined by the matrix.", "Kernel (algebra) __knowledge__ The definition of kernel takes various forms in various contexts.", "Kernel (algebra) __knowledge__ But in all of them, the kernel of a homomorphism is trivial (in a sense relevant to that context) if and only if the homomorphism is injective.", "Kernel (algebra) __knowledge__ The fundamental theorem on homomorphisms (or first isomorphism theorem) is a theorem, again taking various forms, that applies to the quotient algebra defined by the kernel.", "Lexus LFA __knowledge__ The Lexus LFA (Japanese: レクサス・LFA, \"Rekusasu LFA\") is a two-seat supercar from Lexus.", "Lexus LFA __knowledge__ It is the second model in the F marque line of performance vehicles from Lexus, following the IS F. Three concept versions have been shown, each debuting at the North American International Auto Show with the LF-A designation as part of the LF Series concept line.", "Lexus LFA __knowledge__ After beginning development in the early 2000s (codenamed P280), the first LF-A concept premiered in 2005, followed in 2007 by a second LF-A with a more completely furnished interior and exterior.", "Lexus LFA __knowledge__ The third version of the LF-A, a roadster model, premiered in 2008.", "Lexus RX __knowledge__ The Lexus RX (Japanese: レクサス・RX, \"Rekusasu RX\") is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV sold since 1998 by Lexus, the luxury division of Toyota.", "Lexus RX __knowledge__ Originally released in its home market of Japan in late 1997 as the Toyota Harrier, export sales began in March 1998 as the Lexus RX.", "Lexus RX __knowledge__ Four generations of the Lexus RX have been produced to date, the first being compact in size, and the latter three classified as mid-size.", "Lexus RX __knowledge__ Both front- and four-wheel drive configurations have been used on the RX series, and several gasoline powertrain options, including V6 engines and hybrid systems, have been offered.", "Lexus RX __knowledge__ In the Lexus model lineup, the RX sits below the larger GX and LX body-on-frame SUVs, and above the smaller NX crossover.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ The Lexus LS (Japanese: レクサス・LS, \"Rekusasu LS\") is a full-size luxury car (F-segment in Europe) serving as the flagship model of Lexus, the luxury division of Toyota.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ For the first four generations, all LS models featured V8 engines and were predominantly rear-wheel-drive, with Lexus also offering all-wheel-drive, hybrid, and long-wheelbase variants.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ The fifth generation changed to using a V6 engine with no V8 option, and the long wheelbase variant was removed entirely.", "Lexus LS __knowledge__ As the first model developed by Lexus, the LS 400 debuted in January 1989 with the second generation debuting in November 1994.", "Lexus LF __knowledge__ The Lexus LF line is a series of concept cars built by Lexus, the luxury vehicle division of Toyota Motor Corporation.", "Lexus LF __knowledge__ The \"LF\" designation refers to \"Lexus Future\".", "Lexus LF __knowledge__ The LF Series vehicles features coupes/convertibles, including: the LF-A, the LF-A Roadster, LF-LC, LF-CC, and the LF-C; sedans: the LF-S, LF-Sh, and LF-Gh; crossover SUVs: the LF-X and LF-Xh; and hatchbacks: the LF-Ch.", "Lexus LF __knowledge__ The first concept vehicle of the LF Series, the LF-X, appeared in 2003.", "Lexus LF __knowledge__ The LF Series utilizes L-finesse, a design philosophy named for \"Leading Edge\" and \"finesse\", which debuted on the LF Series concepts and later extended to all new production Lexus vehicles.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Toyota is the world's market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Its Prius family is the world's top selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide .", "Toyota __knowledge__ The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles.", "Toyota __knowledge__ Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA.", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The Lexus IS (Japanese: レクサス・IS, \"Rekusasu IS\") is a compact executive car sold by Lexus since 1999.", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The IS was originally sold under the Toyota Altezza nameplate in Japan from 1998 (the word \"Altezza\" is Italian for \"highness\") until the introduction of the Lexus brand and the second-generation Lexus IS design in 2006.", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The IS was introduced as an entry-level sport model positioned below the ES in the Lexus lineup.", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The Altezza name is still used at times to refer to chromed car taillights like those fitted to the first-generation model, known as \"Altezza lights\".", "Lexus IS __knowledge__ The first-generation Altezza (codename XE10) was launched in Japan in October 1998, while the Lexus IS 200 (GXE10) made its debut in Europe in 1999 and in North America as the IS 300 (JCE10) in 2000." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 3, 4 ]

[ "Lexus is such a cool corporate project. They make such good vehicles. How long have you had yours?", "Oh I see, well the company themselves started in 1983 and culminated in the launch of the Lexus LS in 1989.", "Oh they don't, but only recently. Lexus did not exist as a brand in its home market until 2005", "Oh yes, and in that same year a hybrid version of the RX crossover debuted " ]

[ "Lexus", "Lexus", "Lexus", "Lexus" ]

[ "Coffee\nI love drinking coffee, do you enjoy any kind in particular?", "I like the robust kind myself, gives that deep, powerful flavor.", "Ah everyone likes caffeine, it's such a powerful chemical.", "Makes sense, it certainly gives a stimulating feeling. I think chocolate has a chemical similar to caffeine in it, called theobromine or something." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Dried coffee seeds (referred to as beans) are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Roasted beans are ground and brewed with near-boiling water to produce coffee as a beverage.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect on humans because of its caffeine content.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ It can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, café latte, etc.).", "Coffee __knowledge__ It is usually served hot, although iced coffee is an alternative way of the drink to be served.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The origin and history of coffee dates back to the 10th century, and possibly earlier with a number of reports and legends surrounding its first use.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The native (undomesticated) origin of coffee is thought to have been Ethiopia.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The earliest substantiated evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree is from the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, South India (Coorg), Persia, Turkey, Horn of Africa, and northern Africa.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ Coffee then spread to the Balkans, Italy and to the rest of Europe, to South East Asia and then to America.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ A coffeehouse, coffee shop or café (sometimes spelled cafe) is an establishment which primarily serves hot coffee, related coffee beverages (e.g., café latte, cappuccino, espresso), tea, and other hot beverages.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ Some coffeehouses also serve cold beverages such as iced coffee and iced tea.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ Many cafés also serve some type of food, such as light snacks, muffins or pastries.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ Coffeehouses range from owner-operated small businesses to large multinational corporations.", "Coffeehouse __knowledge__ In continental Europe, cafés often serve alcoholic beverages and light food, but elsewhere the term \"café\" may also refer to a tea room, \"greasy spoon\" (a small and inexpensive restaurant, colloquially called a \"caff\"), transport café, or other casual eating and drinking place.", "Television Without Pity __knowledge__ Television Without Pity (often abbreviated TWoP) was a website that provided detailed recaps of select television dramas, situation comedies and reality TV shows along with discussion forums.", "Television Without Pity __knowledge__ These recaps were written with sarcastic criticism and opinion alongside a retelling of an episode's events, which the site referred to as \"snark\".", "Television Without Pity __knowledge__ Their official motto is \"Spare the snark, spoil the networks,\" a takeoff on \"spare the rod, spoil the child\" and its mascot is Tubeelzebub (a portmanteau of tube and Beelzebub – \"Tubey\" for short), a devilish television set with horns and a pointed tail.", "Television Without Pity __knowledge__ Initially established in 1998 to recap the show \"Dawson's Creek\", the site expanded to other shows and adopted the \"Television Without Pity\" name by 2002.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Salut D'Amour (; lit.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Love Greeting), despite its French name, is a South Korean television series that aired on KBS2 from November 1, 1994 to April 25, 1995 for a total of twenty five episodes.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The theme of \"Salut D'Amour\", unlike later versions, are not interconnected to one another by episode.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode contains a separate but closely related theme.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The Episode starts with a documentary show on Korea during the war, Korea during the year he was born in (1975)-riots and crowded streets in South Korea.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The narrator talked about the population census taken on September 18, 1995.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The population stood at 37,680,000 male and female sex ratio (1740:1124, males to females), as well as family events in 1982.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ Coffee drinks are made by brewing hot water (or much less commonly, cold water) with ground coffee beans.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ The brewing is either done slowly by drip or filter, French press or \"cafetière\", percolator, etc., or done very quickly under pressure by an espresso machine, where the coffee is termed \"espresso\"—slow-brewed coffees are generally regarded simply as \"coffee\".", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ All coffee drinks are based on either coffee or espresso, in different strengths; some drinks have milk or cream added, some use steamed milk, cream, plant based milk, or foamed milk, some have flavorings or sweeteners, some have alcoholic liqueurs added, some are combinations of coffee with espresso or tea.", "Coffee in Korea __knowledge__ Coffee in Korea has been a strong element in Korean culture.", "Coffee in Korea __knowledge__ Originating in the 19th-Century, it has become a prominent commodity in Korean marketplaces.", "Coffee in Korea __knowledge__ It is one of the most popular beverages in the area.", "Coffee in Korea __knowledge__ According to Junman Kang’s \"King Gojong goes to Starbucks(한국어: 고종 스타벅스에 가다)\" states that King Gojong was the first person to taste coffee in Korea.", "Coffee in Korea __knowledge__ Antoinette Sontag, the sister-in-law of a Russian ambassador, treated the king to a cup of coffee in 1896.", "Coffee in Korea __knowledge__ Koreans were curious about foreign cultures and the new beverage.", "Coffee in Korea __knowledge__ Because it came from the West and resembled Asian herbal medicine that only the rich could afford, it was consumed as a symbol of westernization and modernization." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Dried coffee seeds (referred to as beans) are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Roasted beans are ground and brewed with near-boiling water to produce coffee as a beverage.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect on humans because of its caffeine content.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ It can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, café latte, etc.).", "Coffee __knowledge__ It is usually served hot, although iced coffee is an alternative way of the drink to be served.", "Transmeta __knowledge__ Transmeta Corporation was an American fabless semiconductor company based in Santa Clara, California.", "Transmeta __knowledge__ It developed low power x86 compatible microprocessors based on a VLIW core and a software layer called Code Morphing Software.", "Transmeta __knowledge__ Code Morphing Software consisted of an interpreter, a runtime system and a dynamic binary translator.", "Transmeta __knowledge__ x86 instructions were first interpreted one instruction at a time and profiled, then depending upon the frequency of execution of a code block, CMS would progressively generate more optimized translations.", "Transmeta __knowledge__ The VLIW core implemented features specifically designed to accelerate CMS and translations.", "Transmeta Crusoe __knowledge__ The Crusoe is a family of x86-compatible microprocessors developed by Transmeta and introduced in 2000.", "Transmeta Crusoe __knowledge__ Crusoe was notable for its method of achieving x86 compatibility.", "Transmeta Crusoe __knowledge__ Instead of the instruction set architecture being implemented in hardware, or translated by specialized hardware, the Crusoe runs a software abstraction layer, or a virtual machine, known as the Code Morphing Software (CMS).", "Transmeta Crusoe __knowledge__ The CMS translates machine code instructions received from programs into native instructions for the microprocessor.", "Transmeta Crusoe __knowledge__ In this way, the Crusoe can emulate other instruction set architectures (ISAs).", "Transmeta Crusoe __knowledge__ This is used to allow the microprocessors to emulate the Intel x86 instruction set.", "Characters of Overwatch __knowledge__ The team-based first person shooter video game \"Overwatch\", developed by Blizzard Entertainment and released in May 2016, features 26 playable characters (heroes) and a number of supporting characters as part of the game's narrative, which is told through animated media and digital comics outside of the game.", "Characters of Overwatch __knowledge__ The story of \"Overwatch\" takes place on Earth in the \"near future\" in the years after the \"Omnic Crisis,\" a period in which robots (called \"omnics\") rose up in rebellion worldwide, and the United Nations formed an elite group called Overwatch to combat them.", "Characters of Overwatch __knowledge__ Overwatch was disbanded years later under a cloud of suspicion, but its former members have returned to the fore in light of new threats to humanity.", "X86 __knowledge__ x86 is a family of backward-compatible instruction set architectures based on the Intel 8086 CPU and its Intel 8088 variant.", "X86 __knowledge__ The 8086 was introduced in 1978 as a fully 16-bit extension of Intel's 8-bit-based 8080 microprocessor, with memory segmentation as a solution for addressing more memory than can be covered by a plain 16-bit address.", "X86 __knowledge__ The term \"x86\" came into being because the names of several successors to Intel's 8086 processor end in \"86\", including the 80186, 80286, 80386 and 80486 processors.", "X86 __knowledge__ Many additions and extensions have been added to the x86 instruction set over the years, almost consistently with full backward compatibility.", "Anise __knowledge__ Anise (; '), also called aniseed\"', is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia.", "Anise __knowledge__ Its flavor has similarities with some other spices, such as star anise, fennel, and liquorice.", "Anise __knowledge__ The name \"anise\" is derived from the Arabic name: \"يَانْسُون \"- yānsūn\" [\"yaansoun\"]\".", "Anise __knowledge__ Anise is an herbaceous annual plant growing to or more tall.", "Anise __knowledge__ The leaves at the base of the plant are simple, long and shallowly lobed, while leaves higher on the stems are feathery pinnate, divided into numerous small leaflets.", "Anise __knowledge__ The flowers are white, approximately in diameter, produced in dense umbels.", "CPUID __knowledge__ The codice_1 opcode is a processor supplementary instruction (its name derived from CPU IDentification) for the x86 architecture allowing software to discover details of the processor.", "CPUID __knowledge__ It was introduced by Intel in 1993 when it introduced the Pentium and SL-enhanced 486 processors.", "CPUID __knowledge__ By using the codice_1 opcode, software can determine processor type and the presence of features (like MMX/SSE).", "CPUID __knowledge__ The codice_1 opcode is 0Fh, A2h (as two bytes, or A20Fh as a single word) and the value in the EAX register, and in some cases the ECX register, specifies what information to return.", "CPUID __knowledge__ Prior to the general availability of the codice_1 instruction, programmers would write esoteric machine code which exploited minor differences in CPU behavior in order to determine the processor make and model.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Coffee production in Indonesia __knowledge__ Indonesia was the fourth largest producer of coffee in the world in 2014.", "Coffee production in Indonesia __knowledge__ Coffee in Indonesia began with its colonial history, and has played an important part in the growth of the country.", "Coffee production in Indonesia __knowledge__ Indonesia is located within an ideal geography for coffee plantations, near the equator and with numerous mountainous regions across the islands, creating well suited micro-climates for the growth and production of coffee.", "Coffee production in Indonesia __knowledge__ Indonesia produced an estimated 540,000 metric tons of coffee in 2014.", "Coffee production in Indonesia __knowledge__ Of this total, it is estimated that 154,800 tons was required for domestic consumption in the 2013/2014 financial year.", "Coffee production in India __knowledge__ Coffee production in India is dominated in the hill tracts of South Indian states, with the state of Karnataka accounting 71% followed by Kerala 21% and Tamil Nadu 5% of production of 8,200 tonnes.", "Coffee production in India __knowledge__ Indian coffee is said to be the finest coffee grown in the shade rather than direct sunlight anywhere in the world.", "Coffee production in India __knowledge__ There are approximately 250,000 coffee growers in India; 98% of them are small growers.", "Coffee production in India __knowledge__ As of 2009, the production of coffee in India was only 4.5% of the total production in the world.", "Coffee production in India __knowledge__ Almost 80% of the country's coffee production is exported.", "Coffee production in India __knowledge__ Of that which is exported, 70% is bound for Germany, Russian federation, Spain, Belgium, Slovenia, United States, Japan, Greece, Netherlands and France, and Italy accounts for 29% of the exports.", "Bond Rider __knowledge__ A Bond Rider (Consent of Surety) extends bond coverage to assume liabilities for third parties conducting operations for a principal.", "Bond Rider __knowledge__ Bond Riders are utilized by the Government.", "Bond Rider __knowledge__ For Ex:(Surety Consent Forms) Another Bond Rider Form Example displays a form utilized for surety protection as explained herein.", "Bond Rider __knowledge__ Bond Rider(s) may be utilized for outlining specific type protection (i.e., faithful performance, forgery, misplacement, bail, etc.)", "Bond Rider __knowledge__ The General Deposit Insurance Corporation (GDIC), just as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and/or other Surety Bond providers provide Surety Bonds on Standard forms assigned numbers (i.e.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The origin and history of coffee dates back to the 10th century, and possibly earlier with a number of reports and legends surrounding its first use.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The native (undomesticated) origin of coffee is thought to have been Ethiopia.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The earliest substantiated evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree is from the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, South India (Coorg), Persia, Turkey, Horn of Africa, and northern Africa.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ Coffee then spread to the Balkans, Italy and to the rest of Europe, to South East Asia and then to America.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ A coffee bean is a seed of the coffee plant and the source for coffee.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ It is the pit inside the red or purple fruit often referred to as a cherry.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ Just like ordinary cherries, the coffee fruit is also a so-called stone fruit.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ Even though the coffee beans are seeds, they are referred to as \"beans\" because of their resemblance to true beans.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ The fruits – coffee cherries or coffee berries – most commonly contain two stones with their flat sides together.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ A small percentage of cherries contain a single seed, instead of the usual two.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ This is called a \"peaberry\".", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ The peaberry occurs only between 10 and 15% of the time, and it is a fairly common (yet scientifically unproven) belief that they have more flavour than normal coffee beans.", "Coffea arabica __knowledge__ Coffea arabica (), also known as the Arabian coffee, \"coffee shrub of Arabia\", \"mountain coffee\", or \"arabica coffee\", is a species of \"Coffea\".", "Coffea arabica __knowledge__ It is believed to be the first species of coffee to be cultivated, and is the dominant cultivar, representing some 60% of global production.", "Coffea arabica __knowledge__ Coffee produced from the less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated robusta bean (\"C. canephora\") makes up the preponderance of the balance.", "Coffea arabica __knowledge__ Wild plants grow between tall, and have an open branching system; the leaves are opposite, simple elliptic-ovate to oblong, long and broad, glossy dark green.", "Coffea arabica __knowledge__ The flowers are white, 10–15 mm in diameter and grow in axillary clusters." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Dried coffee seeds (referred to as beans) are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Roasted beans are ground and brewed with near-boiling water to produce coffee as a beverage.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect on humans because of its caffeine content.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ It can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, café latte, etc.).", "Coffee __knowledge__ It is usually served hot, although iced coffee is an alternative way of the drink to be served.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ There are several known mechanisms of action to explain the effects of caffeine.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ The most prominent is that it reversibly blocks the action of adenosine on its receptor and consequently prevents the onset of drowsiness induced by adenosine.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 (樱野3加1), also known as Sakurano in the Philippines, is a Taiwanese drama that airs Sunday on TTV/SETTV.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ This drama brings back Ming Dao and Joe Chen Qiao En.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian, Jia Jiang, Fang Wei, and Bulu all grew up on Westside Street together and currently study in Ying Ye School, one month away from graduation.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian's dad is a police officer in Westside Street and is retiring tomorrow.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ But just on that day, they all had a fight at school with the Dinosaur gang, and were almost expelled by the principal.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Officer Xia went to settle the conflict and not only did it not get settled, his gun got misplaced by the principal too.", "Effect of caffeine on memory __knowledge__ Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a psychoactive stimulant drug.", "Effect of caffeine on memory __knowledge__ It can have both positive and negative effects on different aspects of memory.", "Effect of caffeine on memory __knowledge__ The effects of caffeine on short-term memory (STM) are controversial.", "Effect of caffeine on memory __knowledge__ Findings are inconsistent, as many effects of caffeine sometimes impair short-term and working memory, whereas the other studies indicate enhancing effects.", "Effect of caffeine on memory __knowledge__ Increasing our capacities of STM and working memory only seem to have beneficial impacts upon our daily lives.", "Effect of caffeine on memory __knowledge__ Increasing our memory capacities would result in retaining more information for extended periods of time and encoding information from STM to long-term memory.", "Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder that can be present in people susceptible to panic attacks and anxiety.", "Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Consumption of caffeine has long been linked to anxiety.", "Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder, however, almost exclusively occurs in people who already have an anxiety disorder.", "Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder __knowledge__ For these people, they are more prone to the psychological effects of caffeine and are at greater risk of a panic attack after ingesting non-trivial amounts of caffeine.", "Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder __knowledge__ The effects of caffeine and the symptoms of anxiety both increase activity within the sympathetic nervous system.", "Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder __knowledge__ Caffeine has been linked to the aggravation and maintenance of anxiety disorders, and the initiation of panic or anxiety attacks in those who are already predisposed to such phenomena.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ Decaffeination is the removal of caffeine from coffee beans, cocoa, tea leaves, and other caffeine-containing materials.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ While soft drinks which do not use caffeine as an ingredient are sometimes described as \"decaffeinated\", they are better termed \"non-caffeinated\" because decaffeinated implies that there was caffeine present at one point in time.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ Decaffeinated drinks contain typically 1–2% of the original caffeine content, and sometimes as much as 20%.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ Decaffeinated products are commonly termed decaf.", "Decaffeination __knowledge__ Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge performed the first isolation of pure caffeine from coffee beans in 1820.", "List of K.O.3an Guo characters __knowledge__ This is a character list of the Taiwanese series \"K.O.3an Guo\" which is aired between Winter, Spring and Summer, 2009.", "List of K.O.3an Guo characters __knowledge__ Five Tiger General: 1st. Courtesy name: Guan Yunchang (關雲長). School year: Freshman. Birthdate: Silver Dimensional Year 4332, July 24. Age: 17 years old. Species: Power-user. Aura: Gold. Status: Alive. Fighting Power Points: 18000 -> 30000+(After learning Xing Tian Gong) Original counterpart: \"Guan Yu\" Actor: George Hu (胡宇崴) – \"Wu Hu Jiang\" (武虎將).", "List of K.O.3an Guo characters __knowledge__ Biography: Guan Yu is straight-headed, righteous and loyal.", "List of K.O.3an Guo characters __knowledge__ He is known for fighting around the world alongside his best friend, Zhang Fei, with whom he has attended twenty-four schools together (only because he always gets kicked out for starting fights).", "Energy drink __knowledge__ An energy drink is a type of beverage containing stimulant drugs, usually including caffeine, which is marketed as providing mental and physical stimulation (marketed as \"energy\", but distinct from food energy).", "Energy drink __knowledge__ They may or may not be carbonated and many also contain sugar or other sweeteners, herbal extracts, taurine, and amino acids.", "Energy drink __knowledge__ They are a subset of the larger group of energy products, which includes bars and gels, and distinct from sports drinks, which are advertised to enhance sports performance.", "Energy drink __knowledge__ There are many brands and varieties of energy drinks.", "Energy drink __knowledge__ Coffee, tea and other naturally caffeinated beverages are usually not considered energy drinks.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ A coffee bean is a seed of the coffee plant and the source for coffee.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ It is the pit inside the red or purple fruit often referred to as a cherry.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ Just like ordinary cherries, the coffee fruit is also a so-called stone fruit.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ Even though the coffee beans are seeds, they are referred to as \"beans\" because of their resemblance to true beans.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ The fruits – coffee cherries or coffee berries – most commonly contain two stones with their flat sides together.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ A small percentage of cherries contain a single seed, instead of the usual two.", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ This is called a \"peaberry\".", "Coffee bean __knowledge__ The peaberry occurs only between 10 and 15% of the time, and it is a fairly common (yet scientifically unproven) belief that they have more flavour than normal coffee beans.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The origin and history of coffee dates back to the 10th century, and possibly earlier with a number of reports and legends surrounding its first use.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The native (undomesticated) origin of coffee is thought to have been Ethiopia.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ The earliest substantiated evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree is from the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, South India (Coorg), Persia, Turkey, Horn of Africa, and northern Africa.", "History of coffee __knowledge__ Coffee then spread to the Balkans, Italy and to the rest of Europe, to South East Asia and then to America.", "Coffea __knowledge__ Coffea is a genus of flowering plants whose seeds, called coffee beans, are used to make various coffee beverages and products.", "Coffea __knowledge__ It is a member of the family Rubiaceae.", "Coffea __knowledge__ They are shrubs or small trees native to tropical and southern Africa and tropical Asia.", "Coffea __knowledge__ Coffee ranks as one of the world's most valuable and widely traded commodity crops and is an important export product of several countries, including those in Central and South America, the Caribbean and Africa.", "Coffea __knowledge__ Several species of \"Coffea\" may be grown for the seeds.", "Coffea __knowledge__ \"Coffea arabica\" accounts for 75–80 percent of the world's coffee production, while \"Coffea canephora\" accounts for about 20 percent.", "The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf __knowledge__ The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf (sometimes shortened to simply \"Coffee Bean\" or \"The Coffee Bean\") is an American coffee chain founded in 1963.", "The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf __knowledge__ It is owned and operated by International Coffee & Tea, LLC, which has its corporate headquarters in Los Angeles, California.", "The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf __knowledge__ As of 2017, the chain has over 1,000 self-owned and franchised stores in the United States and 31 other countries.", "The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf __knowledge__ The company was founded by Herbert Hyman in September 1963, as a coffee service for offices.", "The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf __knowledge__ He and his wife Mona, whom he married in 1966, honeymooned in Sweden, where they discovered quality coffee.", "The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf __knowledge__ This sparked the decision to import, roast and sell gourmet coffee in Los Angeles, opening the first Coffee Bean store in 1968 in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Brentwood.", "Low caffeine coffee __knowledge__ Low caffeine coffee is a term that is used by coffee producers to describe coffee that has not been subjected to a process of decaffeination, but is substantially lower in caffeine than average coffee.", "Low caffeine coffee __knowledge__ Samples of coffee vary widely in caffeine levels due to many factors, some well documented (such as genetics) and some not fully understood, such as the action of soil, water levels and sunlight.", "Low caffeine coffee __knowledge__ Low caffeine coffees are typically created by assaying caffeine levels of different bean lots and selecting the best flavor profile from the lots that are naturally lowest in caffeine.", "Low caffeine coffee __knowledge__ In the case of decaffeinated coffee, eliminating caffeine can cause a sharp decline in the natural taste of the coffee bean." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Dried coffee seeds (referred to as beans) are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Roasted beans are ground and brewed with near-boiling water to produce coffee as a beverage.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect on humans because of its caffeine content.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ It can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, café latte, etc.).", "Coffee __knowledge__ It is usually served hot, although iced coffee is an alternative way of the drink to be served.", "Theobromine __knowledge__ Theobromine, formerly known as xantheose, is a bitter alkaloid of the cacao plant, with the chemical formula CHNO.", "Theobromine __knowledge__ It is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, including the leaves of the tea plant, and the kola (or cola) nut.", "Theobromine __knowledge__ It is classified as a xanthine alkaloid, which also include the similar compounds theophylline and caffeine.", "Theobromine __knowledge__ The compounds differ in that caffeine has an extra methyl group (see under Pharmacology section).", "Theobromine __knowledge__ Despite its name, the compound contains no bromine—\"theobromine\" is derived from \"Theobroma\", the name of the genus of the cacao tree, (which itself is made up of the Greek roots \"theo\" (\"god\") and \"broma\" (\"food\"), meaning \"food of the gods\") with the suffix \"-ine\" given to alkaloids and other basic nitrogen-containing compounds.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ There are several known mechanisms of action to explain the effects of caffeine.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ The most prominent is that it reversibly blocks the action of adenosine on its receptor and consequently prevents the onset of drowsiness induced by adenosine.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Theobromine poisoning __knowledge__ Theobromine poisoning, also wrongly called chocolate poisoning, is an overdosage reaction to the xanthine alkaloid theobromine, found in chocolate, tea, cola beverages, açaí berries, and some other foods.", "Theobromine poisoning __knowledge__ Median lethal () doses of theobromine have only been published for cats, dogs, rats, and mice; these differ by a factor of 6 across species.", "Theobromine poisoning __knowledge__ Cocoa beans contain about 1.2% theobromine by weight, so an ounce (28g) of raw cocoa contains approximately 0.3g theobromine.", "Theobromine poisoning __knowledge__ Processed chocolate, in general, has smaller amounts.", "Theobromine poisoning __knowledge__ The amount found in highly refined chocolate candies or sweets (typically or /oz) is much lower than that of dark chocolate or unsweetened baker's chocolate ( or ).", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The cocoa bean, also called cacao bean, cocoa (), and cacao (), is the dried and fully fermented seed of \"Theobroma cacao\", from which cocoa solids and, because of the seed's fat, cocoa butter can be extracted.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The beans are the basis of chocolate, and of such Mesoamerican foods as \"mole\" and \"tejate\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The word \"cocoa\" comes from the Spanish word \"cacao\", which is derived from the Nahuatl word \"cacahuatl\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The Nahuatl word, in turn, ultimately derives from the reconstructed Proto Mije-Sokean word \"*kakaw~*kakawa\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The term \"cocoa\" also means The cacao tree is native to the Americas.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ It originated in Central America and parts of Mexico.", "Health effects of chocolate __knowledge__ The health effects of chocolate are the possible positive and negative effects on health of eating chocolate.", "Health effects of chocolate __knowledge__ Unconstrained consumption of large quantities of any energy-rich food, such as chocolate, without a corresponding increase in activity, increases the risk of obesity.", "Health effects of chocolate __knowledge__ Raw chocolate is high in cocoa butter, a fat removed during chocolate refining, then added back in varying proportions during manufacturing.", "Health effects of chocolate __knowledge__ Manufacturers may add other fats, sugars, and powdered milk as well.", "Health effects of chocolate __knowledge__ Although considerable research has been conducted to evaluate the potential health benefits of consuming chocolate, there are insufficient studies to confirm any effect and no medical or regulatory authority has approved any health claim.", "Nervous system __knowledge__ The nervous system is the part of an animal that coordinates its actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.", "Nervous system __knowledge__ The nervous system detects environmental changes that impact the body, then works in tandem with the endocrine system to respond to such events.", "Nervous system __knowledge__ Nervous tissue first arose in wormlike organisms about 550 to 600 million years ago.", "Nervous system __knowledge__ In vertebrates it consists of two main parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).", "Nervous system __knowledge__ The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.", "Nervous system __knowledge__ The PNS consists mainly of nerves, which are enclosed bundles of the long fibers or axons, that connect the CNS to every other part of the body.", "Stimulant __knowledge__ Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects.", "Stimulant __knowledge__ Stimulants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines as well as without a prescription (either legally or illicitly) as performance-enhancing or recreational drugs.", "Stimulant __knowledge__ The most frequently prescribed stimulants as of 2013 were lisdexamfetamine, methylphenidate, and amphetamine.", "Stimulant __knowledge__ It is estimated that the percentage of the population that has abused amphetamine-type stimulants (e.g., amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, etc.)", "Central nervous system __knowledge__ The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.", "Central nervous system __knowledge__ The central nervous system is so named because it integrates information it receives from, and coordinates and influences the activity of, all parts of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and radially symmetric animals such as jellyfish—and it contains the majority of the nervous system.", "Central nervous system __knowledge__ Many consider the retina and the optic nerve (2nd cranial nerve), as well as the olfactory nerves (1st) and olfactory epithelium as parts of the CNS, synapsing directly on brain tissue without intermediate ganglia.", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ Problems may include an abnormal appearance, short height, low body weight, small head size, poor coordination, low intelligence, behavior problems, and problems with hearing or seeing.", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ Those affected are more likely to have trouble in school, legal problems, participate in high-risk behaviors, and have trouble with alcohol or other drugs.", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ The most severe form of the condition is known as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ Other types include partial fetal alcohol syndrome (pFAS), alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) and alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD).", "Central nervous system fatigue __knowledge__ Central nervous system fatigue, or central fatigue, is a form of fatigue that is associated with changes in the synaptic concentration of neurotransmitters within the central nervous system (CNS; including the brain and spinal cord) which affects exercise performance and muscle function and cannot be explained by peripheral factors that affect muscle function.", "Central nervous system fatigue __knowledge__ In healthy individuals, central fatigue can occur from prolonged exercise and is associated with neurochemical changes in the brain, primarily involving serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline, and dopamine.", "Central nervous system fatigue __knowledge__ Central fatigue plays an important role in endurance sports and also highlights the importance of proper nutrition in endurance athletes.", "Neuroregeneration __knowledge__ Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products.", "Neuroregeneration __knowledge__ Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses.", "Neuroregeneration __knowledge__ Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed.", "Neuroregeneration __knowledge__ When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath.", "Neuroregeneration __knowledge__ The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair.", "Neuroregeneration __knowledge__ In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse." ] ]

[ 5, 1, 13, 19 ]

[ "Im not a big coffee drinker. There are two main kinds, the arabica and the robust. Which one do you enjoy th emost?", "Im more of a caffeine drinker, im all into dr. peopper! I did not know that coffee is actually from the coffee bean which is the seeds of the berry from the coffea plant.", "it really is! i think a majority of the people are actually addicted at this point. Caffee is a CNS stimulant, which is central nervous system", "Caffeine is actually the worlds most consumed psychoactive drug." ]

[ "Coffee", "Coffee", "Coffee", "Coffee" ]

[ "Ice cream", "Ice cream does taste pretty great. I love the variety of flavors.", "I love apple pie ice cream!", "Yes, sorbet is much smoother than ice cream. They are both very good." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ There is a clear indication that Mount Fuji-shaped green tea ice cream was an item on the menu at the royal dinner party during the Meiji period (1868–1912).", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ The true origin of green tea ice cream, however, is unknown.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ Although green tea itself seems to have existed as local handmade ice cream at some districts in Japan, none of the Japanese flavored ice creams were really merchandised until the 1990s because the major Japanese ice cream manufacturers were producing vanilla, strawberry and chocolate as their primary flavors.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ However, green tea shaved ice has been well known and popular in Japan long before green tea ice cream.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ An ice cream float or soda (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and East Asia), coke float (United Kingdom), root beer float (United States, Canada) or spider (Australia and New Zealand), is a chilled beverage that consists of ice cream in either a soft drink or in a mixture of flavored syrup and carbonated water.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The ice cream float was invented by Robert McCay Green in Philadelphia, PA, in 1874 during the Franklin Institute's semicentennial celebration.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The traditional story is that, on a particularly hot day, Mr. Green ran out of cold ice for the flavored drinks he was selling and used vanilla ice cream from a neighboring vendor, thus inventing a new drink.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ Hershey Creamery Company, also known as Hershey's Ice Cream, is a creamery that produces Hershey's brand ice cream, sorbet, sherbet, and frozen yogurt, and other frozen treats such as smoothies and frozen slab style ice cream mixers.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ Founded by Jacob Hershey and four of his brothers in 1894 (all of whom have no relation to Milton S. Hershey and the chocolate company that he founded, also in 1894), it was taken over by the Holder family in the 1920s.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ The company was one of the first to offer consumers pre-packaged ice cream pints.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ In 1998, it modernized its operations to increase efficiency and reduce overhead.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Ben & Jerry's Homemade Holdings Inc, trading and commonly known as Ben & Jerry's, is an American company that manufactures ice cream, frozen yogurt, and sorbet.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ It was founded in 1978 in Burlington, Vermont, and sold in 2000 to Anglo-Dutch conglomerate Unilever.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Today it operates globally as a fully owned subsidiary of Unilever.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Its present-day headquarters is in South Burlington, Vermont, with its main factory in Waterbury, Vermont.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield were childhood friends from New York.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ While Greenfield finished college, he found himself unable to make his way into medical school.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ Carvel is an ice cream franchise owned by Focus Brands.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ Carvel is best known for their soft serve ice cream and ice cream cakes, which feature a layer of distinctive 'crunchies'.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ It also sells a variety of novelty ice cream bars and ice cream sandwiches.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ Carvel was founded and operated by Tom Carvel for its first 60 years.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ In 1929, Carvel borrowed $15 ($ today) from his future wife Agnes and used it to buy and operate an ice cream truck.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ Over Memorial Day weekend of 1934, Carvel's truck had a flat tire in Hartsdale, New York.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ Carvel sold his custard at the site of the breakdown.", "Carvel (restaurant) __knowledge__ Within two days Carvel had sold his entire stock, much of it partly melted.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Bacon ice cream (or bacon-and-egg ice cream) is an ice cream generally created by adding bacon to egg custard and freezing the mixture.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ The concept of bacon ice cream originated in a 1973 sketch on the British comedy series \"The Two Ronnies\" as a joke; however, it was eventually created for April Fools' Day.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Heston Blumenthal experimented with the creation of ice cream, making a custard similar to scrambled eggs then adding bacon to create one of his signature dishes.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ It now appears on dessert menus in other restaurants.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream is generally expected to be a sweet food, eaten as a dessert, even though there is evidence of savoury ice creams eaten in Victorian times.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Ice cream parlors (or parlours) are restaurants that sell ice cream, gelato, sorbet, and frozen yogurt to consumers.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Ice cream is typically sold as regular ice cream (also called hard-packed ice cream), gelato, and soft serve, which is usually dispensed by a machine with a limited number of flavors (e.g., chocolate, vanilla, and \"twist\", a mix of the two).", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ It is customary for ice cream parlors to offer a number of flavors and items.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Parlors often serve ice cream and other frozen desserts in cones or in dishes, to be eaten with a spoon.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Some ice cream parlours prepare ice cream desserts such as sundaes (ice cream topped with syrup, whipped cream and other toppings) or milkshakes.", "Sundae __knowledge__ The sundae () is a sweet ice cream dessert.", "Sundae __knowledge__ It typically consists of one or more scoops of ice cream topped with sauce or syrup, and in some cases other toppings including sprinkles, whipped cream, peanuts, maraschino cherries, or other fruits (e.g., bananas and pineapple in a banana split.).", "Sundae __knowledge__ According to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\", the origin of the term \"sundae\" is obscure; however, it is generally accepted that the spelling \"sundae\" derives from the English word \"Sunday\".", "Sundae __knowledge__ Among the many stories about the invention of the sundae, a frequent theme is that the ice cream sundae was a variation of the popular ice cream soda." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ An apple pie is a pie or a tart, in which the principal filling ingredient is apple.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ It is, on occasion, served with whipped cream or ice cream on top, or alongside cheddar cheese.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ The pastry is generally used top-and-bottom, making it a double-crust pie; the upper crust may be a circular or a pastry lattice woven of crosswise strips.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ Depending on the baker's preference, the bottom of the double-crust may be baked first (before baking the whole pie) to prevent the bottom from getting soggy.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ Exceptions are deep-dish apple pie, with a top crust only, and open-face Tarte Tatin.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ The apple pie is one of the United State's signature comfort foods.", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ Like virtually all other electoral systems, in the two-round system, there is potential for both tactical voting and strategic nomination.", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ Tactical voting is where voters do not vote in accordance with their true preferences, but instead vote insincerely in an attempt to influence the result.", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ Runoff voting is intended as a method that reduces tactical voting, but two tactics called compromising and pushover are still possible in many circumstances.", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ In particular voters are strongly encouraged to compromise by voting for one of the three leading candidates in the first round of an election.", "Tactical manipulation of runoff voting __knowledge__ Strategic nomination is where candidates and political factions influence the result of an election by either nominating extra candidates or withdrawing a candidate who would otherwise have stood.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ The exhaustive ballot is a voting system used to elect a single winner.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ Under the exhaustive ballot the elector simply casts a single vote for his or her favorite candidate.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ However, if no candidate is supported by an overall majority of votes then the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated and a further round of voting occurs.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ This process is repeated for as many rounds as necessary until one candidate has a majority.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ The exhaustive ballot is similar to the two-round system but with key differences.", "Exhaustive ballot __knowledge__ Under the two round system if no candidate wins a majority on the first round, only the top two recipients of votes advance to the second (and final) round of voting, and a majority winner is determined in the second round.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Apple Pie ABC __knowledge__ Apple Pie ABC is one of the earliest and most enduring English alphabet rhymes for children.", "Apple Pie ABC __knowledge__ The Apple Pie ABC is a simple rhyme meant to teach children the order of the alphabet and relates the various ways children react to an apple pie.", "Apple Pie ABC __knowledge__ After the first line, \"A was an apple pie\", the rest of the letters refer to verbs.", "Apple Pie ABC __knowledge__ The earliest printed versions, dating from the 18th century, have the following form: \"A was an Apple pie; B bit it; C cut it; D dealt it; E eat it; F fought for it; G got it; H had it; J joined it; K kept it; L longed for it; M mourned for it; N nodded at it; O opened it; P peeped in it; Q quartered it; R ran for it; S stole it; T took it; V viewed it; W wanted it; X, Y, Z, and ampersand, All wished for a piece in hand\".", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ Kraft Foods Inc. was an American multinational confectionery, food and beverage conglomerate.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ It marketed many brands in more than 170 countries.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ 12 of its brands annually earned more than $1 billion worldwide: Cadbury, Jacobs, Kraft, LU, Maxwell House, Milka, Nabisco, Oreo, Oscar Mayer, Philadelphia, Trident, Tang.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ Forty of its brands are at least a century old.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ The company was headquartered in Northfield, Illinois, a Chicago suburb.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ Its European headquarters was in Glattpark, Opfikon, Switzerland, near Zürich.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ Kraft was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and became a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average on September 22, 2008, replacing the American International Group.", "Prairie Farms Dairy __knowledge__ Prairie Farms Dairy is a dairy cooperative operating out of Carlinville, Illinois.", "Prairie Farms Dairy __knowledge__ As a dairy cooperative, Prairie Farms receives milk from producers and converts it into many different products, including cheese, butter, ice cream, sour cream, cottage cheese, various dips, yogurt, and fluid milk.", "Prairie Farms Dairy __knowledge__ Prairie Farms also produces and sells juices, flavored drinks, and pre-made iced tea.", "Prairie Farms Dairy __knowledge__ Originally, the company was named the Producers Creamery of Carlinville, but was renamed Prairie Farms Dairy in 1962.", "Prairie Farms Dairy __knowledge__ Since its beginning in 1938, the company has expanded largely through mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures with various dairy cooperatives, producers, and manufacturers.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ A milk substitute is a liquid meant to replace the milk from a mammal.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ It is a whitish liquid that resembles milk and is often packaged as a powder to be mixed with water to yield a liquid that resembles milk.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ Milk substitutes usually contain milk powder in varying proportions of 30 to 80%, with the remainder consisting of other ingredients including whey, palm oil, coconut oil and similar vegetable extracts.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ Due to their composition, milk substitutes tend to have a longer shelf life and can withstand higher temperatures than milk, without spoiling.", "Milk substitute __knowledge__ A milk substitute is often used to replace dairy milk in tea, coffee, or a recipe." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Ice cream parlors (or parlours) are restaurants that sell ice cream, gelato, sorbet, and frozen yogurt to consumers.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Ice cream is typically sold as regular ice cream (also called hard-packed ice cream), gelato, and soft serve, which is usually dispensed by a machine with a limited number of flavors (e.g., chocolate, vanilla, and \"twist\", a mix of the two).", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ It is customary for ice cream parlors to offer a number of flavors and items.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Parlors often serve ice cream and other frozen desserts in cones or in dishes, to be eaten with a spoon.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Some ice cream parlours prepare ice cream desserts such as sundaes (ice cream topped with syrup, whipped cream and other toppings) or milkshakes.", "Sorbet __knowledge__ Sorbet is a frozen dessert made from sweetened water with flavoring (typically fruit juice or fruit purée, wine, liqueur or, very rarely, honey).", "Sorbet __knowledge__ Sorbet is often confused with water ice and often taken to be the same as (American) sherbet (see below).", "Sorbet __knowledge__ In the UK and Australia, \"sherbet\" refers to a fizzy powder type of sweet.", "Sorbet __knowledge__ (The variant pronunciation is so common in all kinds of English that the corresponding spelling \"sherbert\" makes up about a quarter of the examples found in the Oxford English Corpus.)", "Sorbet __knowledge__ Sorbets and American sherbets may also contain alcohol, which lowers the freezing temperature, resulting in softer texture.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ Hershey Creamery Company, also known as Hershey's Ice Cream, is a creamery that produces Hershey's brand ice cream, sorbet, sherbet, and frozen yogurt, and other frozen treats such as smoothies and frozen slab style ice cream mixers.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ Founded by Jacob Hershey and four of his brothers in 1894 (all of whom have no relation to Milton S. Hershey and the chocolate company that he founded, also in 1894), it was taken over by the Holder family in the 1920s.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ The company was one of the first to offer consumers pre-packaged ice cream pints.", "Hershey Creamery Company __knowledge__ In 1998, it modernized its operations to increase efficiency and reduce overhead.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Ben & Jerry's Homemade Holdings Inc, trading and commonly known as Ben & Jerry's, is an American company that manufactures ice cream, frozen yogurt, and sorbet.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ It was founded in 1978 in Burlington, Vermont, and sold in 2000 to Anglo-Dutch conglomerate Unilever.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Today it operates globally as a fully owned subsidiary of Unilever.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Its present-day headquarters is in South Burlington, Vermont, with its main factory in Waterbury, Vermont.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield were childhood friends from New York.", "Ben &amp; Jerry's __knowledge__ While Greenfield finished college, he found himself unable to make his way into medical school.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ An ice cream van (British) or ice cream truck (American) is a commercial vehicle that serves as a mobile retail outlet for ice cream, usually during the summer.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans are often seen parked at public events, or near parks, beaches, or other areas where people congregate.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans often travel near where children play — outside schools, in residential areas, or in other locations.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ They usually stop briefly before moving on to the next street.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans are often brightly decorated and carry images of ice cream, or some other adornment, such as cartoon characters.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ They may have painted-on notices, which can serve a commercial purpose (\"\"Stop me and buy one!\"\")", "Frozen yogurt __knowledge__ Frozen yogurt (also spelled frozen yoghurt; also known as frogurt or by the tradename Froyo ) is a frozen dessert made with yogurt and sometimes other dairy products.", "Frozen yogurt __knowledge__ It is usually more tart than ice cream, as well as lower in fat (due to the use of milk instead of cream).", "Frozen yogurt __knowledge__ It is different from ice milk (more recently termed low-fat or light ice cream) and conventional soft serve.", "Frozen yogurt __knowledge__ Unlike yogurt, frozen yogurt is not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but is regulated by some U.S. states.", "Frozen yogurt __knowledge__ Frozen yogurt may or may not contain live and active bacteria cultures.", "Frozen yogurt __knowledge__ People have been eating plain yogurt for over four millennia, particularly in the Middle East and India.", "16 Handles __knowledge__ 16 Handles is an American brand of self-serve frozen yogurt restaurants headquartered in New York City.", "16 Handles __knowledge__ There are 42 stores in seven states, all on the East Coast.", "16 Handles __knowledge__ 16 Handles was founded by Solomon Choi, who serves as president and CEO.", "16 Handles __knowledge__ In July 2008, Choi opened the first 16 Handles store in the East Village in Manhattan, near the New York University dorms.", "16 Handles __knowledge__ It was the first self-serve frozen yogurt shop in New York, and the success of the self-serve format spawned hundreds of imitators on the East Coast.", "16 Handles __knowledge__ In November 2009, Choi opened a second location, at the Garden State Plaza in Paramus, New Jersey.", "TCBY __knowledge__ TCBY (The Country's Best Yogurt) is an American chain of frozen yogurt stores.", "TCBY __knowledge__ It is one of the largest U.S. retailers of soft-serve frozen yogurt.", "TCBY __knowledge__ In 1981, Frank D. Hickingbotham opened the first TCBY in Little Rock, Arkansas.", "TCBY __knowledge__ TCBY began franchising the following year, and by 1984 there were over 100 stores.", "TCBY __knowledge__ Prior to 1984, the company's name was \"This Can't Be Yogurt,\" but a lawsuit from a competitor, I Can't Believe It's Yogurt!, forced TCBY to create a new name from its initials, eventually using \"The Country's Best Yogurt\".", "TCBY __knowledge__ TCBY began co-branding with Taco Bell, McDonald's, Subway, and Burger King in 1995.", "Solomon Choi __knowledge__ Solomon Choi (born 1980) is a Korean-American entrepreneur.", "Solomon Choi __knowledge__ He is the founder and CEO of 16 Handles, an American frozen yogurt restaurant chain.", "Solomon Choi __knowledge__ Choi was born in Seoul, South Korea, and immigrated with his parents to Baltimore, Maryland in the United States the following year, settling in Los Angeles, California, where he was raised.", "Solomon Choi __knowledge__ He studied marketing at the University of Southern California's Marshall School of Business, graduating in 2002.", "Solomon Choi __knowledge__ Choi's parents were franchisee owners of two all-you-can-eat Japanese sushi and seafood buffet restaurants called Todai.", "Solomon Choi __knowledge__ After graduating, he helped run one of the locations, which the family sold in 2005, an experience that taught Choi about the business of franchise restaurants.", "Red Mango __knowledge__ Red Mango FC, LLC is a frozen yogurt and smoothie brand known for its all-natural frozen yogurt, fresh fruit smoothies, yogurt parfaits, and fresh juices.", "Red Mango __knowledge__ There are now more than 200 locations in over 25 states in the United States and 100 in Mexico and Central America.", "Red Mango __knowledge__ In 2011, Red Mango was named the No.", "Red Mango __knowledge__ 1 Zagat Rated chain in America for smoothies and frozen yogurt.", "Red Mango __knowledge__ Daniel J. Kim, the company's founder, graduated from UC Berkeley’s Haas School of Business in 1998, and first worked as an investment banker with Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.", "Red Mango __knowledge__ According to the company website, Red Mango gets its name because “the mango, distinctly delicious and high in nutrition, becomes red at its optimal stage of ripeness.” After opening their first store in California, Red Mango opened stores in Nevada, Utah, Washington, and New York." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 9, 22 ]

[ "I LOVE ice cream! my favorite dessert", "which one is your favorite? Ice cream is usually made from dairy products, but i love the non dairy ones too", "i've never tried it! i also like sorbet, \"frozen yogurt\" and \"gelato\"", "sorbet is often confused with water ice" ]

[ "Ice cream", "Ice cream", "Ice cream", "Ice cream" ]

[ "Chocolate", "I love it so much! Where is it grown?", "Where exactly is Mesoamerica?", "What manufacturer makes the most chocolate?", "That's a long time. Do they have to roast the beans to make it into chocolate or is that coffee that I'm thinking of?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Here I Am (Kelly Rowland album) __knowledge__ Here I Am is the third studio album by American recording artist Kelly Rowland, released through Universal Motown and Universal Music Group on July 22, 2011.", "Here I Am (Kelly Rowland album) __knowledge__ The album is Rowland's first release since parting ways with her long-time manager Mathew Knowles and Sony Music Entertainment record label Columbia Records and Knowles' Music World Entertainment.", "Here I Am (Kelly Rowland album) __knowledge__ \"Here I Am\" is predominately a pop, R&B and dance album.", "Here I Am (Kelly Rowland album) __knowledge__ It follows Rowland's assertion that \"no one puts her in a box\" with common themes around womanhood, sexual intimacy and love.", "Here I Am (Kelly Rowland album) __knowledge__ Originally scheduled for release in 2010, the album was pushed back after the first round of singles were released to mixed reception, both with critics and commercially.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon Anne Mitchell (also Watts and Rickman) is a fictional character from the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Letitia Dean.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon is one of \"EastEnders\" original characters, appearing in the first episode broadcast on 19 February 1985.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ The character was conceptualised by Tony Holland and Julia Smith, the creators of \"EastEnders\".", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon was a teenager when the programme began: the adoptive daughter of Den and Angie Watts.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon remained a prominent character into the 1990s due to romantic pairings with brothers Grant (Ross Kemp) and Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden).", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ In a long-running storyline dubbed \"Sharongate\", Sharon, married to Grant, has an affair with Phil.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "Courtney Love __knowledge__ Courtney Michelle Love (born Courtney Michelle Harrison; July 9, 1964) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and visual artist.", "Courtney Love __knowledge__ A notable presence in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s, Love has enjoyed a career that spans four decades.", "Courtney Love __knowledge__ She rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole, which she formed in 1989.", "Courtney Love __knowledge__ Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics, as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Kurt Cobain.", "Courtney Love __knowledge__ The daughter of Hank Harrison and psychotherapist Linda Carroll, Love had an itinerant early life.", "List of Gakuen Alice characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the anime and manga series, \"Gakuen Alice\".", "List of Gakuen Alice characters __knowledge__ Names are displayed in Western order (given name before surname).", "List of Gakuen Alice characters __knowledge__ Mikan is the female protagonist of the story and a 10-year-old girl, especially characterised by being optimistic, childlike, cheerful and energetic.", "List of Gakuen Alice characters __knowledge__ She previously lived in the countryside with her grandfather and best friend Hotaru, until Hotaru moved away when going to study at Alice Academy, prompting Mikan to follow her friend.", "List of Gakuen Alice characters __knowledge__ An accidental encounter with teacher Narumi causes her to be enrolled into the school along with Hotaru, much to her pleasure.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The history of chocolate begins in Mesoamerica.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Fermented beverages made from chocolate date back to 1900 BC.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The Aztecs believed that cacao seeds were the gift of Quetzalcoatl, the god of wisdom, and the seeds once had so much value that they were used as a form of currency.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Originally prepared only as a drink, chocolate was served as a bitter, from a liquid, mixed with spices or corn puree.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ It was believed to have aphrodisiac powers and to give the drinker strength.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Today, such drinks are also known as \"Chilate\" and are made by locals in the South of Mexico.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ After its arrival to Europe in the sixteenth century, sugar was added to it, rendering it an aphrodisiac, and it became popular throughout society, first among the ruling classes and then among the common people.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry in the Philippines evidences the agricultural roots of the Philippine society.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The growing of cacao or cocoa boasts a long history stretching from the colonial times.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Originating from Mesoamerican forests, cacao was first introduced by the Spanish colonizers four centuries ago.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Since then the Philippine cocoa industry has been the primary producer of cocoa beans in the Southeast Asia.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ There are many areas of production of cacao in the Philippines, owing to its agriculture.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry is currently on a small to medium scale.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The word “chocolate” as we know it today was spelled in different ways throughout time, in different ways such as “chocalatall,” “jocolatte,” “jacolatte,” and “chockelet.” It is a derivative of the word \"cacahuatl\" or \"xocoatl\", a bitter drink the Aztecs brewed from cacao beans mixed with spices, wine, and other local ingredients that can be traced back to Pre-Columbian Mexico.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ The first chocolate beverage is believed to have been created by the Mayans around 2,500-3,000 years ago, and a cocoa beverage was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ The history of chocolate in Spain is part of the culinary history of Spain as understood since the 16th century, when the colonization of the Americas began and the cocoa plant was discovered in regions of Mesoamerica, until the present.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ After the conquest of Mexico, cocoa as a commodity travelled by boat from the port of Nueva España to the Spanish coast.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ The first such voyage to Europe occurred at an unknown date in the 1520s.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ However it was only in the 17th century that regular trade began from the port of Veracruz, opening a maritime trade route that would supply the new demand from Spain, and later from other European countries.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to the deep tropical regions of Central and South America.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make cocoa mass, cocoa powder, confectionery, ganache and chocolate.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, long and broad.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are produced in clusters directly on the trunk and older branches; this is known as cauliflory.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are small, diameter, with pink calyx.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The floral formula is ✶ K5 C5 A(5°+5²) (5).", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ While many of the world's flowers are pollinated by bees (Hymenoptera) or butterflies/moths (Lepidoptera), cacao flowers are pollinated by tiny flies, \"Forcipomyia\" midges in the subfamily Forcipomyiinae.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The cocoa bean, also called cacao bean, cocoa (), and cacao (), is the dried and fully fermented seed of \"Theobroma cacao\", from which cocoa solids and, because of the seed's fat, cocoa butter can be extracted.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The beans are the basis of chocolate, and of such Mesoamerican foods as \"mole\" and \"tejate\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The word \"cocoa\" comes from the Spanish word \"cacao\", which is derived from the Nahuatl word \"cacahuatl\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The Nahuatl word, in turn, ultimately derives from the reconstructed Proto Mije-Sokean word \"*kakaw~*kakawa\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The term \"cocoa\" also means The cacao tree is native to the Americas.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ It originated in Central America and parts of Mexico." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Mesoamerica __knowledge__ Mesoamerica is an important historical region and cultural area in the Americas, extending from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, and within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.", "Mesoamerica __knowledge__ It is one of six areas in the world where ancient civilization arose independently, and the second in the Americas along with Norte Chico (Caral-Supe) in present-day northern coastal Peru.", "Mesoamerica __knowledge__ As an uncultural swine area, Mesoamerica is defined by a mosaic of cultural traits developed and shared by its indigenous cultures.", "Mesoamerican chronology __knowledge__ Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation–3500 BCE), the Archaic (3500–2000 BCE), the Preclassic or Formative (2000 BCE–200 CE), the Classic (200–1000 CE), and the Postclassic (1000–1697 CE).", "Mesoamerican chronology __knowledge__ Some of the period divisions are taken from the history of the Maya: The Preclassic-Classic boundary marks the first Maya \"collapse\", the Classic-Postclassic boundary marks the second, and the end date of 1697 marks the conquest of the last independent Maya city-state, Tayasal.", "Mesoamerican chronology __knowledge__ However, this chronology applies to other pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations as well.", "Mesoamerican languages __knowledge__ Mesoamerican languages are the languages indigenous to the Mesoamerican cultural area, which covers southern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize and parts of Honduras and El Salvador and Nicaragua.", "Mesoamerican languages __knowledge__ The area is characterized by extensive linguistic diversity containing several hundred different languages and seven major language families.", "Mesoamerican languages __knowledge__ Mesoamerica is also an area of high linguistic diffusion in that long-term interaction among speakers of different languages through several millennia has resulted in the convergence of certain linguistic traits across disparate language families.", "Mesoamerican languages __knowledge__ The Mesoamerican sprachbund is commonly referred to as the Mesoamerican Linguistic Area.", "Geography of Mesoamerica __knowledge__ The geography of Mesoamerica describes the geographic features of Mesoamerica, a culture area in the Americas inhabited by complex indigenous pre-Columbian cultures exhibiting a suite of shared and common cultural characteristics.", "Geography of Mesoamerica __knowledge__ Several well-known Mesoamerican cultures include the Olmec, Teotihuacan, the Maya, the Aztec and the Purépecha.", "Geography of Mesoamerica __knowledge__ Mesoamerica is often subdivided in a number of ways.", "Geography of Mesoamerica __knowledge__ One common method, albeit a broad and general classification, is to distinguish between the highlands and lowlands.", "Geography of Mesoamerica __knowledge__ Another way is to subdivide the region into sub-areas that generally correlate to either culture areas or specific physiographic regions.", "Maya civilization __knowledge__ The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its hieroglyphic script—the only known fully developed writing system of the pre-Columbian Americas—as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.", "Maya civilization __knowledge__ The Maya civilization developed in an area that encompasses southeastern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize, and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador.", "Maya civilization __knowledge__ This region consists of the northern lowlands encompassing the Yucatán Peninsula, and the highlands of the Sierra Madre, running from the Mexican state of Chiapas, across southern Guatemala and onwards into El Salvador, and the southern lowlands of the Pacific littoral plain.", "Obsidian use in Mesoamerica __knowledge__ Obsidian is a naturally formed volcanic glass that was an important part of the material culture of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.", "Obsidian use in Mesoamerica __knowledge__ Obsidian was a highly integrated part of daily and ritual life, and its widespread and varied use may be a significant contributor to Mesoamerica's lack of metallurgy.", "Obsidian use in Mesoamerica __knowledge__ Lithic and contextual analysis of obsidian, including source studies, are important components of archaeological studies of past Mesoamerican cultures and inform scholars on economy, technological organization, long-distance trade, ritual organization, and socio-cultural structure.", "Obsidian use in Mesoamerica __knowledge__ Due to its glassy internal structure, obsidian is relatively easy to work, as it breaks in very predictable and controlled ways via conchoidal fracturing.", "History of Mexico __knowledge__ The history of Mexico, a country in the southern portion of North America, covers a period of more than three millennia.", "History of Mexico __knowledge__ First populated more than 13,000 years ago, the territory had complex indigenous civilizations before being conquered and colonized by the Spanish in the 16th century.", "History of Mexico __knowledge__ One of the important aspects of Mesoamerican civilizations was their development of a form of writing, so that Mexico's written history stretches back hundreds of years before the arrival of the Spaniards in 1519.", "History of Mexico __knowledge__ This era before the arrival of Europeans is called variously the prehispanic era or the precolumbian era.", "History of the world __knowledge__ The history of the world is the history of humanity (or human history), as determined from archaeology, anthropology, genetics, linguistics, and other disciplines; and, for periods since the invention of writing, from recorded history and from secondary sources and studies.", "History of the world __knowledge__ Humanity's written history was preceded by its prehistory, beginning with the Palaeolithic Era (\"Early Stone Age\"), followed by the Neolithic Era (\"New Stone Age\").", "History of the world __knowledge__ The Neolithic saw the Agricultural Revolution begin, between 8000 and 5000 BCE, in the Near East's Fertile Crescent.", "History of the world __knowledge__ The Agricultural Revolution marked a fundamental change in history, with humans beginning the systematic husbandry of plants and animals." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Pierce oscillator __knowledge__ The Pierce oscillator is a type of electronic oscillator particularly well-suited for use in piezoelectric crystal oscillator circuits.", "Pierce oscillator __knowledge__ Named for its inventor, George W. Pierce (1872-1956), the Pierce oscillator is a derivative of the Colpitts oscillator.", "Pierce oscillator __knowledge__ Virtually all digital IC clock oscillators are of Pierce type, as the circuit can be implemented using a minimum of components: a single digital inverter, one resistor, two capacitors, and the quartz crystal, which acts as a highly selective filter element.", "Pierce oscillator __knowledge__ The low manufacturing cost of this circuit, and the outstanding frequency stability of the quartz crystal, give it an advantage over other designs in many consumer electronics applications.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury, formerly Cadbury's, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International (originally Kraft Foods) since 2010.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is the second-largest confectionery brand in the world after Wrigley's.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury is internationally headquartered in Uxbridge, West London, and operates in more than 50 countries worldwide.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is famous for its Dairy Milk chocolate, the Creme Egg and Roses selection box, and many other confectionery products.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ One of the best-known British brands, in 2013 \"The Daily Telegraph\" named Cadbury among Britain's most successful exports.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury was established in Birmingham, England in 1824, by John Cadbury who sold tea, coffee and drinking chocolate.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats are produced in different variations around the world, with several countries claiming to have invented it or hailing it as their \"national confection\".", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Originally the treat was made using cream (hence the Danish name \"flødeboller\" (cream buns)), but the filling was later made from egg whites to help industrialize production and improve shelf life.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Many languages used to call these treats by phrases or compounds using a counterpart to negro (e.g.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ \"negro's kiss\", \"negro bun\"); most but not all of these are increasingly being avoided, especially in formal writing, in favour of replacements such as \"choco-kiss\".", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ The first chocolate beverage is believed to have been created by the Mayans around 2,500-3,000 years ago, and a cocoa beverage was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ Farley's & Sathers Candy Company was created as an umbrella company to roll-up many small companies, brands and products under a common management team.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ The confectionery business segment is made up of many small companies, often with intertwined relationships and histories.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ Catterton Partners formed the Farley's & Sathers Candy Company in 2002 as a vehicle for the purchase of some of the former Farley Foods Company and Sathers Candy Company assets and brands from Kraft.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ Since that time, additional brands and businesses have been added to the roster.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ In 2012, the owners of Farley's & Sathers, L Catterton Partners, purchased Ferrara Pan Candy Company.", "Corporate average fuel economy __knowledge__ The Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards are regulations in the United States, first enacted by the United States Congress in 1975, after the 1973-74 Arab Oil Embargo, to improve the average fuel economy of cars and light trucks (trucks, vans and sport utility vehicles) produced for sale in the United States.", "Corporate average fuel economy __knowledge__ The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), as amended by the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA), requires that the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) establish standards separately for passenger automobiles (passenger cars) and nonpassenger automobiles (light trucks) at the maximum feasible levels in each model year, and requires that DOT enforce compliance with the standards.", "El Salvador national football team __knowledge__ El Salvador's national football team (\"Selección de Fútbol de El Salvador\" in Spanish) represents El Salvador in international football and is controlled by the Salvadoran Football Federation (FESFUT).", "El Salvador national football team __knowledge__ In 1899, two teams from Santa Ana and San Salvador met for the first known football game in El Salvador.", "El Salvador national football team __knowledge__ The national team's first match was played in September 1921, when they were invited to participate in a tournament to celebrate 100 years of Central American Independence.", "El Salvador national football team __knowledge__ El Salvador has made two FIFA World Cup appearances: first in 1970 and again in 1982, but have never progressed beyond the first stage of a finals tournament.", "El Salvador __knowledge__ El Salvador (; ), officially the Republic of El Salvador (, literally \"Republic of The Savior\"), is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America.", "El Salvador __knowledge__ El Salvador's capital and largest city is San Salvador.", "El Salvador __knowledge__ , the country had a population of approximately /1e6 round 2 million, consisting largely of Mestizos of European and Indigenous American descent.", "El Salvador __knowledge__ El Salvador was for centuries inhabited by several Mesoamerican nations, especially the Cuzcatlecs, as well as the Lenca and Maya.", "El Salvador __knowledge__ In the early 16th century, the Spanish Empire conquered the territory, incorporating it into the Viceroyalty of New Spain ruled from Mexico City.", "Central America __knowledge__ Central America (, \"Centroamérica\") is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast.", "Central America __knowledge__ Central America is bordered by Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.", "Central America __knowledge__ Central America consists of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.", "Central America __knowledge__ The combined population of Central America is between 41,739,000 (2009 estimate) and 42,688,190 (2012 estimate).", "Central America __knowledge__ Central America is a part of the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, which extends from northern Guatemala through to central Panama.", "Mesoamerica __knowledge__ Mesoamerica is an important historical region and cultural area in the Americas, extending from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, and within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.", "Mesoamerica __knowledge__ It is one of six areas in the world where ancient civilization arose independently, and the second in the Americas along with Norte Chico (Caral-Supe) in present-day northern coastal Peru.", "Mesoamerica __knowledge__ As an uncultural swine area, Mesoamerica is defined by a mosaic of cultural traits developed and shared by its indigenous cultures.", "History of Guatemala __knowledge__ The Mayan civilization (2,000 BC – 250 AD) was among those that flourished in the region, with little contact with cultures outside Mesoamerica.", "History of Guatemala __knowledge__ The modern history of Guatemala began with the Spanish conquest of Guatemala in 1511.", "History of Guatemala __knowledge__ Most of the great Classic-era (250 – 900 AD) Maya cities of the Petén Basin region, in the northern lowlands of Guatemala, had been abandoned by the year 1000 AD.", "History of Guatemala __knowledge__ The states in the Belize central highlands flourished until the arrival in 1525 of Pedro de Alvarado, the Spanish Conquistador.", "History of Guatemala __knowledge__ Called \"the invader\" by the Mayan peoples, he began subjugating the Indian states with his forces.", "History of Central America __knowledge__ The history of Central America is the study of the region known as Central America.", "History of Central America __knowledge__ In the Pre-Columbian era, the northern areas of the relaxing Central America were inhabited by the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica.", "History of Central America __knowledge__ Most notable among these were the Mayans, who had built numerous cities throughout the region, and the Aztecs, who had created a vast empire.", "History of Central America __knowledge__ The pre-Columbian cultures of eastern El Salvador, eastern Honduras, Caribbean Nicaragua, most of Costa Rica and Panama were predominantly speakers of the Chibchan languages at the time of European contact and are considered by some culturally different and grouped in the Isthmo-Colombian Area.", "Francisco Morazán __knowledge__ Francisco Morazán (; born October 3, 1792 – September 15, 1842) was a Honduran politician who was president of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1830 to 1839.", "Francisco Morazán __knowledge__ Before he was president of Central America he was the head of state of Honduras.", "Francisco Morazán __knowledge__ He rose to prominence at the on November 11, 1827.", "Francisco Morazán __knowledge__ Morazán then dominated the political and military scene of Central America until his execution in 1842.", "Francisco Morazán __knowledge__ In the political arena, Francisco Morazán was recognized as a visionary and great thinker, as he attempted to transform Central America into one large and progressive nation.", "Francisco Morazán __knowledge__ He enacted liberal reforms in the new Federal Republic of Central America, including freedom of the press, freedom of speech and freedom of religion." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the \"Coffea\" plant.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The genus \"Coffea\" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world.", "Coffee __knowledge__ Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "Coffee __knowledge__ The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ Coffee drinks are made by brewing hot water (or much less commonly, cold water) with ground coffee beans.", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ The brewing is either done slowly by drip or filter, French press or \"cafetière\", percolator, etc., or done very quickly under pressure by an espresso machine, where the coffee is termed \"espresso\"—slow-brewed coffees are generally regarded simply as \"coffee\".", "List of coffee drinks __knowledge__ All coffee drinks are based on either coffee or espresso, in different strengths; some drinks have milk or cream added, some use steamed milk, cream, plant based milk, or foamed milk, some have flavorings or sweeteners, some have alcoholic liqueurs added, some are combinations of coffee with espresso or tea.", "Coffee roasting __knowledge__ Roasting coffee transforms the chemical and physical properties of green coffee beans into roasted coffee products.", "Coffee roasting __knowledge__ The roasting process is what produces the characteristic flavor of coffee by causing the green coffee beans to change in taste.", "Coffee roasting __knowledge__ Unroasted beans contain similar if not higher levels of acids, protein, sugars, and caffeine as those that have been roasted, but lack the taste of roasted coffee beans due to the Maillard and other chemical reactions that occur during roasting.", "Coffee roasting __knowledge__ The vast majority of coffee is roasted commercially on a large scale, but small-scale commercial roasting has grown significantly with the trend toward \"single-origin\" coffees served at specialty shops.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ As of November 2016, it operates 23,768 locations worldwide.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks is considered the main representative of \"second wave coffee\", initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The cocoa bean, also called cacao bean, cocoa (), and cacao (), is the dried and fully fermented seed of \"Theobroma cacao\", from which cocoa solids and, because of the seed's fat, cocoa butter can be extracted.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The beans are the basis of chocolate, and of such Mesoamerican foods as \"mole\" and \"tejate\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The word \"cocoa\" comes from the Spanish word \"cacao\", which is derived from the Nahuatl word \"cacahuatl\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The Nahuatl word, in turn, ultimately derives from the reconstructed Proto Mije-Sokean word \"*kakaw~*kakawa\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The term \"cocoa\" also means The cacao tree is native to the Americas.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ It originated in Central America and parts of Mexico.", "Home roasting coffee __knowledge__ Home roasting is the process of roasting coffee from green coffee beans on a small scale for personal consumption.", "Home roasting coffee __knowledge__ Home roasting of coffee has been practiced for centuries, using simple methods such as roasting in cast iron skillets over a wood fire and hand-turning small steel drums on a kitchen stovetop.", "Home roasting coffee __knowledge__ Until the early 20th century it was more common to roast coffee at home than to buy pre-roasted coffee.", "Home roasting coffee __knowledge__ Following World War I commercial coffee roasting became prevalent and, combined with the distribution of instant coffee, home roasting decreased substantially.", "Home roasting coffee __knowledge__ In recent years there has been a revival in home roasting; what was originally a necessity has now become a hobby.", "Field ration __knowledge__ A field ration, combat ration or ration pack is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten, transported by military troops on the battlefield.", "Field ration __knowledge__ They are distinguished from regular military rations by virtue of being designed for minimal preparation in the field, using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.", "Field ration __knowledge__ Such meals also prove invaluable for disaster relief operations, where large stocks of these can be ferried and distributed easily, and provide basic nutritional support to victims before kitchens can be set up to produce fresh food.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The history of chocolate begins in Mesoamerica.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Fermented beverages made from chocolate date back to 1900 BC.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ The Aztecs believed that cacao seeds were the gift of Quetzalcoatl, the god of wisdom, and the seeds once had so much value that they were used as a form of currency.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Originally prepared only as a drink, chocolate was served as a bitter, from a liquid, mixed with spices or corn puree.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ It was believed to have aphrodisiac powers and to give the drinker strength.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ Today, such drinks are also known as \"Chilate\" and are made by locals in the South of Mexico.", "History of chocolate __knowledge__ After its arrival to Europe in the sixteenth century, sugar was added to it, rendering it an aphrodisiac, and it became popular throughout society, first among the ruling classes and then among the common people.", "Indus Valley Civilisation __knowledge__ The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), or Harappan Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.", "Indus Valley Civilisation __knowledge__ Along with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early cradles of civilisations of the Old World, and of the three, the most widespread.", "Indus Valley Civilisation __knowledge__ Aridification of this region during the 3rd millennium BCE may have been the initial spur for the urbanisation associated with the civilisation, but eventually also reduced the water supply enough to cause the civilisation's demise, and to scatter its population eastward.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ The first chocolate beverage is believed to have been created by the Mayans around 2,500-3,000 years ago, and a cocoa beverage was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl.", "History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent __knowledge__ The history of science and technology in the Indian Subcontinent begins with prehistoric human activity in the Indus Valley Civilization to early states and empires.", "History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent __knowledge__ Following independence, science and technology in the Republic of India has included automobile engineering, information technology, communications as well as space, polar, and nuclear sciences.", "History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent __knowledge__ By 5500 BCE a number of sites similar to Mehrgarh had appeared, forming the basis of later chalcolithic cultures.", "History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent __knowledge__ The inhabitants of these sites maintained trading relations with Near East and Central Asia.", "History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent __knowledge__ This was developed in the Indus Valley Civilization by around 4500 BCE.", "Indo-Aryan migration __knowledge__ Indo-Aryan migration models discuss scenarios around the theory of an origin from outside South Asia of Indo-Aryan peoples, an ascribed ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages, the predominant languages of North India.", "Indo-Aryan migration __knowledge__ Proponents of Indo-Aryan origin outside of South Asia generally consider migrations into the region and Anatolia (ancient Mitanni) from Central Asia to have started around 1500 BCE, as a slow diffusion during the Late Harappan period, which led to a language shift in northern South Asia.", "Indo-Aryan migration __knowledge__ The Iranian languages were brought into Iran by the Iranians, who were closely related to the Indo-Aryans.", "Urheimat __knowledge__ Urheimat (; ; from a German compound of \"ur-\" \"original\" and \"Heimat\" \"home, homeland\") is a term in historical linguistics, which denotes the area where the proto-language of a language family was spoken.", "Urheimat __knowledge__ A proto-language, reconstructed or known, is a parent language of a group of genetically related languages.", "Urheimat __knowledge__ Depending on the age of the language family under consideration, its homeland may be known with near-certainty (in the case of historical or near-historical migrations) or it may be very uncertain (in the case of deep prehistory).", "Urheimat __knowledge__ The reconstruction of a prehistorical homeland makes use of a variety of disciplines, including archaeology and archaeogenetics." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 12, 4, 6 ]

[ "Don't you love chocolate? Typically sweet but I also like it bitter. it comes from theTheobroma cacao seeds. ", "It has been cultivated for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "It exends from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica", "I'm not sure but it's been around for a while. they have found evidence of it being made into chocolate beverages in mexico around 1900 BCE", "They actually ferment the seeds to get rid of the bitterness and develop the flavor." ]

[ "Chocolate", "Chocolate", "Chocolate", "Chocolate", "Chocolate" ]

[ "Nintendo", "Nintendo are a great company, I wonder how long they have been around", "what back in the 1800s? What were they doing back then?", "really? What happened around like the 60s before they got into video games?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo is one of the world's largest video game companies by market capitalization, creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises, such as \"Mario\", \"The Legend of Zelda\", and \"Pokémon\".", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi, it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ By 1963, the company had tried several small niche businesses, such as cab services and love hotels.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ From 1992 until 2016, Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball's Seattle Mariners.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo was founded as a playing card company by Fusajiro Yamauchi on 23 September 1889.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Based in Kyoto, the business produced and marketed \"Hanafuda\" cards.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ The handmade cards soon became popular, and Yamauchi hired assistants to mass-produce cards to satisfy demand.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ In 1949, the company adopted the name Nintendo Karuta Co., Ltd., doing business as The Nintendo Playing Card Co. outside Japan." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo is one of the world's largest video game companies by market capitalization, creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises, such as \"Mario\", \"The Legend of Zelda\", and \"Pokémon\".", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi, it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ By 1963, the company had tried several small niche businesses, such as cab services and love hotels.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ From 1992 until 2016, Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball's Seattle Mariners.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo was founded as a playing card company by Fusajiro Yamauchi on 23 September 1889.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Based in Kyoto, the business produced and marketed \"Hanafuda\" cards.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ The handmade cards soon became popular, and Yamauchi hired assistants to mass-produce cards to satisfy demand.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ In 1949, the company adopted the name Nintendo Karuta Co., Ltd., doing business as The Nintendo Playing Card Co. outside Japan.", "Nintendo Switch __knowledge__ The Nintendo Switch is the seventh major video game console developed by Nintendo.", "Nintendo Switch __knowledge__ Known in development by its codename NX, it was unveiled in October 2016 and was released worldwide on March 3, 2017.", "Nintendo Switch __knowledge__ Nintendo considers the Switch a \"hybrid\" console: it is designed primarily as a home console, with the main unit inserted onto a docking station to connect to a television.", "Nintendo Switch __knowledge__ Alternatively, it can be removed from the dock and used similarly to a tablet computer through its LCD touchscreen, or placed in a standalone tabletop mode visible to several players.", "Nintendo Switch __knowledge__ The Nintendo Switch uses the wireless Joy-Con controllers, which include standard buttons and directional analog sticks for user input, motion sensing, and high-definition tactile feedback.", "Nintendo 3DS __knowledge__ The Nintendo 3DS is a handheld game console produced by Nintendo.", "Nintendo 3DS __knowledge__ It is capable of displaying stereoscopic 3D effects without the use of 3D glasses or additional accessories.", "Nintendo 3DS __knowledge__ Nintendo announced the console in March 2010 and officially unveiled it at E3 2010 on June 15, 2010.", "Nintendo 3DS __knowledge__ The console succeeds the Nintendo DS, featuring backward compatibility with older Nintendo DS video games.", "Nintendo 3DS __knowledge__ Its primary competitor is the PlayStation Vita from Sony.", "Nintendo 3DS __knowledge__ The handheld offers new features such as the StreetPass and SpotPass tag modes, powered by Nintendo Network; augmented reality, using its 3D cameras; and Virtual Console, which allows owners to download and play games originally released on older video game systems.", "Battle of Canturino __knowledge__ The Battle of Canturino (22 April 1363) was a clash of two condottiere companies, the long-established Great Company under Konrad von Landau and the newer White Company under Albert Sterz and John Hawkwood near Novara, north-west of Milan.", "Battle of Canturino __knowledge__ The exact details of the battle are unknown.", "Battle of Canturino __knowledge__ The men-at-arms of both sides are said to have dismounted to fight.", "Battle of Canturino __knowledge__ The battle was swayed by two events.", "Battle of Canturino __knowledge__ The Hungarians in the Great Company refused to fight their fellow countrymen in the White Company and left the field, leaving the Great Company at a disadvantage.", "Battle of Canturino __knowledge__ Shortly after this, Konrad von Landau was hit in the face by a rock which broke the nosepiece of his helmet, partly incapacitating him.", "Great Company (German) __knowledge__ The Great Company was a group of mercenaries, chiefly of German origin but operating in the Italian peninsula, who flourished in the mid-14th century.", "Great Company (German) __knowledge__ At its height, the company numbered approximately 10,000-12,000 men, chiefly armored cavalry.", "Great Company (German) __knowledge__ The Great Company's power set the pattern for later condottieri who came to dominate Renaissance Italian warfare.", "Great Company (German) __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1342 by Werner von Urslingen, whose reputed motto was \"Enemy of God, Enemy of Piety, Enemy of Pity\", with some writers even reporting the phrase inscribed on his breastplate.", "Great Company (German) __knowledge__ Urslingen was inspired by Lodrisio Visconti's Compagnia di San Giorgio, under which he had fought in the battle of Parabiago.", "Nintendo 64 __knowledge__ The , stylized as the NINTENDO and abbreviated to N64, is Nintendo's third home video game console for the international market.", "Nintendo 64 __knowledge__ Named for its 64-bit central processing unit, it was released in June 1996 in Japan, September 1996 in North America and Brazil, March 1997 in Europe and Australia, September 1997 in France.", "Nintendo 64 __knowledge__ It was the last major home console to use the cartridge as its primary storage format until Nintendo's seventh console, the Nintendo Switch, released in 2017.", "Nintendo 64 __knowledge__ Though succeeded by Nintendo's MiniDVD-based GameCube in September 2001, the Nintendo 64 was sold until the system was retired in late 2003.", "History of Nintendo __knowledge__ The history of Nintendo traces back to 1889, when it was founded to produce handmade hanafuda cards.", "History of Nintendo __knowledge__ is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics company headquartered in Kyoto, Japan.", "History of Nintendo __knowledge__ It eventually became one of the most prominent figures in today's video game industry, being the world's largest video game company by revenue.", "History of Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo started out as a small Japanese company, founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi on September 23, 1889, as Nintendo Koppai.", "History of Nintendo __knowledge__ Based in Kyoto, Japan, the business produced and marketed \"Hanafuda\" cards.", "History of Nintendo __knowledge__ The name \"Nintendo\" is commonly assumed to mean \"leave luck to heaven\", but there are no historical records to validate this assumption.", "Nintendo Network __knowledge__ The Nintendo Network is Nintendo's online service which provides online functionality for the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U systems and their compatible games.", "Nintendo Network __knowledge__ Announced on January 26, 2012 at an investors' conference, it is Nintendo's second online service after Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection.", "Nintendo Network __knowledge__ Former president of Nintendo Satoru Iwata said, \"Unlike Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection, which has been focused upon specific functionalities and concepts, we are aiming to establish a platform where various services available through the network for our consumers shall be connected via Nintendo Network service so that the company can make comprehensive proposals to consumers.\"", "Super Mario Bros. 3 __knowledge__ Super Mario Bros. 3 is a platform video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES).", "Super Mario Bros. 3 __knowledge__ It was first released in Japan on October 23, 1988, and later in North America on February 12, 1990.", "Super Mario Bros. 3 __knowledge__ The game was developed by Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development, led by Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka.", "Super Mario Bros. 3 __knowledge__ Enhanced remakes were later released on the Super NES in 1993 and the Game Boy Advance in 2003.", "Super Mario Bros. 3 __knowledge__ The game has been re-released as a Virtual Console title for the Wii, Nintendo 3DS, and Wii U consoles.", "Super Mario Bros. 3 __knowledge__ \"Super Mario Bros. 3\" centers on plumbers Mario and Luigi who embark on a quest to save Princess Toadstool and the rulers of seven different kingdoms from the antagonist Bowser and his children, the Koopalings.", "Super Smash Bros. Brawl __knowledge__ Super Smash Bros. Brawl is the third installment in the \"Super Smash Bros.\" series of crossover fighting games, developed by Sora Ltd. and Game Arts and published by Nintendo for the Wii video game console.", "Super Smash Bros. Brawl __knowledge__ \"Brawl\" was announced at a pre-E3 2005 press conference by Nintendo president and Chief Executive Officer Satoru Iwata.", "Super Smash Bros. Brawl __knowledge__ Masahiro Sakurai, director of the previous two games in the series, assumed the role of director for the third installment at the request of Iwata.", "Super Smash Bros. Brawl __knowledge__ Game development began in October 2005 with a creative team that included members from several Nintendo and third-party development teams.", "Super Smash Bros. Melee __knowledge__ Super Smash Bros. Melee is a crossover fighting video game developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the GameCube video game console.", "Super Smash Bros. Melee __knowledge__ It is the second game in the \"Super Smash Bros.\" series, following the 1999 release of the original game.", "Super Smash Bros. Melee __knowledge__ It was released in Japan and North America in 2001, and in Europe and Australia in 2002.", "Super Smash Bros. Melee __knowledge__ The game features characters from Nintendo video game franchises such as \"Mario\", \"The Legend of Zelda\", \"Star Fox\", and \"Pokémon\".", "Super Smash Bros. Melee __knowledge__ \"Melee\" includes all playable characters from the first game in the series on the Nintendo 64 and also adds new characters from franchises such as \"Fire Emblem\", of which no games had been released outside Japan at the time.", "Shigeru Miyamoto __knowledge__ Miyamoto originally joined Nintendo in 1977, when the company was beginning its foray into video games, and starting to abandon the playing cards it had made since 1889.", "Shigeru Miyamoto __knowledge__ His games have been prominently showcased and widely anticipated as flagship titles of every Nintendo video game console, with his earliest work appearing on arcade machines in the late 1970s.", "Shigeru Miyamoto __knowledge__ He managed Nintendo's Entertainment Analysis & Development software division, which developed many of the company's first-party titles.", "Shigeru Miyamoto __knowledge__ As a result of Nintendo president Satoru Iwata's death in July 2015, Miyamoto fulfilled the role of acting Representative Director, alongside Genyo Takeda, until being formally appointed as the company's \"Creative Fellow\" a few months later." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo is one of the world's largest video game companies by market capitalization, creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises, such as \"Mario\", \"The Legend of Zelda\", and \"Pokémon\".", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi, it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ By 1963, the company had tried several small niche businesses, such as cab services and love hotels.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ From 1992 until 2016, Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball's Seattle Mariners.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo was founded as a playing card company by Fusajiro Yamauchi on 23 September 1889.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Based in Kyoto, the business produced and marketed \"Hanafuda\" cards.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ The handmade cards soon became popular, and Yamauchi hired assistants to mass-produce cards to satisfy demand.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ In 1949, the company adopted the name Nintendo Karuta Co., Ltd., doing business as The Nintendo Playing Card Co. outside Japan.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ Edwardsburgh/Cardinal is a township in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville of eastern Ontario, Canada.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ Edwardsburgh township was first surveyed in 1783, and incorporated in 1850.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ The township was formerly a part of the historical Grenville County before it merged with Leeds County to form the United Counties in the 19th century.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ The Township of Edwardsburgh/Cardinal was formed on January 1, 2001, through the amalgamation of Edwardsburgh Township with the Village of Cardinal.", "Edwardsburgh/Cardinal __knowledge__ It is a historical community with many old homes and buildings; including one-room school houses, grist mills, and churches.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ Augusta Township is a township in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville; located in eastern Ontario, Canada.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ Augusta is situated along the Saint Lawrence River, and extends back into rural hamlets.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ The township is located between the city of Brockville to the west, and the town of Prescott to the east.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ The hamlets and villages within Augusta were established prior to the 1900s; primarily by the United Empire Loyalists.", "Augusta, Ontario __knowledge__ There are plenty of buildings and homes still standing in the township today that were built by early settlers; many of these historic homes are even still occupied by direct descendants of the first settlers.", "Pinu __knowledge__ Pinu is a village located on the coast line of western Central Province, Papua New Guinea.", "Pinu __knowledge__ The village is accessible by road and would take about 90 kilometers by motor vehicle on Hiritano highway.", "Pinu __knowledge__ The village is the biggest settlement in the Kabadi area.", "Pinu __knowledge__ The villagers passionately call themselves 'Abadi Pinu'.", "Pinu __knowledge__ The word \"abadi\" refers to power, ownership and prestige by the paramount chief, while 'Kabadi' refers to communal ownership or origin.", "Pinu __knowledge__ The word 'abadi' literally means 'I own' and it is synonymous with paramount chief.", "Pinu __knowledge__ As the original settlers and owner of all the land in Kabadi, the Pinu people are referred to as Kabadi or Abadi Pinu.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ Mullion Cove or Porth Mellin is a small community on the west coast of the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall, England.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is on the eastern side of the Mount's Bay.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ The Cove forms part of the parish of Mullion, and is accessible by road from Mullion village, away to the north east, and also by the popular South West coast path.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It lies within an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) The Cove is south of Porthleven and southeast of Penzance by sea.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is south of Helston by land and southwest of Falmouth by land.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ In 1937 a stretch of the coast from Mullion Cove to Predannack was preserved for the nation with the help of the Council for the Preservation of Rural England (CPRE) and the National Trust.", "Shanly, Ontario __knowledge__ Shanly is an unincorporated place and Compact Rural Community in the township of Edwardsburgh/Cardinal in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville in eastern Ontario, Canada.", "Shanly, Ontario __knowledge__ The village is about one hour south of Ottawa and around 7 miles north-west of Cardinal.", "Shanly, Ontario __knowledge__ Shanly is centred around the intersection of County Road 22, also known as Shanly Road, and County Road 21.", "Shanly, Ontario __knowledge__ Formerly these roads were the Nine Mile Road and the Seventh Concession, respectively.", "Shanly, Ontario __knowledge__ The community was settled during the 1800s, primarily as an agricultural community, and was at its height during the latter half of the 19th century, when many farms and a few businesses and factories were in operation.", "Ethnic groups in Baltimore __knowledge__ There have been various ethnic groups in Baltimore, Maryland and its surrounding area since it was founded as a British colony in 1661.", "Ethnic groups in Baltimore __knowledge__ Native Americans lived in the Baltimore territory for millennia before European colonization, and some still reside in the city.", "Ethnic groups in Baltimore __knowledge__ Since the first English settlers arrived, substantial immigration from all over Europe, migration of African-Americans from the Deep South, out-migration of White Southerners from Appalachia, and new waves of more recent immigrants from Latin America, the Caribbean, Asia and Africa have added layers of complexity to the workforce and culture of Baltimore, as well as the religious and ethnic fabric of the city.", "John Brown's Body __knowledge__ \"John Brown's Body\" (originally known as \"John Brown's Song\") is a United States marching song about the abolitionist John Brown.", "John Brown's Body __knowledge__ The song was popular in the Union during the American Civil War.", "John Brown's Body __knowledge__ The tune arose out of the folk hymn tradition of the American camp meeting movement of the late 18th and early 19th century.", "John Brown's Body __knowledge__ According to an 1890 account, the original John Brown lyrics were a collective effort by a group of Union soldiers who were referring both to the famous John Brown and also, humorously, to a Sergeant John Brown of their own battalion.", "John Brown's Body __knowledge__ Various other authors have published additional verses or claimed credit for originating the John Brown lyrics and tune.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ The Neptunes are a two-member producing group consisting of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ This discography lists the recorded performances as a duo and individuals.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ It also lists the writing and production credits as The Neptunes, as Williams or Hugo, or both.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ Song names that are bold are singles, album names/releases are in \"italics\".", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ S.B.I.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) – \"S.B.I.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (With Larry Live, DJ Timmy Tim aka \"Timbaland\", Mr. Magoo & Magnum The Verb Lord aka \"Pharrell Williams\", All Tracks Produced By DJ Timmy Tim aka \"Timbaland\") Wreckx N' Effect – \"Hard Or Smooth (November 24th, US #9)\" (All Tracks Produced By Teddy Riley, Written By Pharrell Williams) BLACKstreet – \"BLACKstreet (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (Produced By Teddy Riley) SWV – \"Right Here (VLS) (July 10th, US #29)\" (All Tracks Produced By Teddy Riley) The Legacy – \"Technobodies (Unreleased)\" (All Tracks Produced By DJ Chase Chad aka Chad Hugo) The Party – \"All About Love (Promo CDS)\" (Produced By Demetrius Ship) BLACKstreet – \"Blackstreet (June 21st, US #7)\" Wreckx N' Effect – \"NBA Jam Session\" (Produced By Teddy Riley, Written By Pharrell Williams) Average Guyz – \"First Come, First Serve (Unreleased)\" (Produced By Chad Hugo) * * Mystikal – \"Mind Of Mystikal (October 15th)\" (Produced By Pharrell Williams & Leroy 'Precise' Edwards) SWV – \"The New Beginning (April 23)\" \"Use Your Heart (CDS) (July 28th, #6)\" Total – \"Total (January 13, US #23)\" (Samples Bee Gee's – Love You Inside Out) Jay-Z – \"In My Lifetime Vol.", "Liga Comunista 23 de Septiembre __knowledge__ The Liga Comunista 23 de Septiembre (), or LC23S, was a Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla movement that emerged in Mexico in the early 1970s.", "Liga Comunista 23 de Septiembre __knowledge__ The result of the merging of various armed revolutionary organizations active in Mexico prior to 1974, with the objective of creating a united front to combat the Mexican government; the name was chosen to commemorate an unsuccessful guerrilla assault on the barracks of Ciudad Madera in the northern state of Chihuahua led by former schoolteacher Arturo Gámiz and the People's Guerrilla Group on September 23, 1965.", "Liga Comunista 23 de Septiembre __knowledge__ The LC23S' militancy was made up mainly of young disenfranchised university students who saw any opportunity of a peaceful political transformation die in the aftermath of the 1968 student movement and then to be buried in the violent crackdown of 1971.", "23rd Street (Manhattan) __knowledge__ 23rd Street is a broad thoroughfare in the New York City borough of Manhattan, one of the major two-way, east-west streets in the borough's grid.", "23rd Street (Manhattan) __knowledge__ As with Manhattan's other \"crosstown\" streets, it is divided into its east and west sections at Fifth Avenue.", "23rd Street (Manhattan) __knowledge__ The street runs from Avenue C and FDR Drive in the east to Eleventh Avenue in the west.", "23rd Street (Manhattan) __knowledge__ 23rd Street was created under the Commissioners' Plan of 1811.", "23rd Street (Manhattan) __knowledge__ The street hosts several famous hotels, including the Fifth Avenue Hotel and Hotel Chelsea, as well as many theaters.", "23rd Street (Manhattan) __knowledge__ Several skyscrapers are located on 23rd Street, including the Flatiron Building, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, and One Madison.", "Nibiru cataclysm __knowledge__ The Nibiru cataclysm is a supposed disastrous encounter between the Earth and a large planetary object (either a collision or a near-miss) which certain groups believe will take place in the early 21st century.", "Nibiru cataclysm __knowledge__ Believers in this doomsday event usually refer to this object as \"Planet X\" or \"Nibiru\".", "Nibiru cataclysm __knowledge__ The idea that a planet-sized object will collide with or closely pass by Earth in the near future is not supported by any scientific evidence and has been rejected by astronomers and planetary scientists as pseudoscience and an Internet hoax.", "Nibiru cataclysm __knowledge__ The idea was first put forward in 1995 by Nancy Lieder, founder of the website ZetaTalk.", "2016 Serena Williams tennis season __knowledge__ The 2016 Serena Williams tennis season officially began on 5 January with the start of the 2016 Hopman Cup.", "2016 Serena Williams tennis season __knowledge__ Williams entered the season as the number one ranked player and the defending champion at five tournaments, including the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon.", "2016 Serena Williams tennis season __knowledge__ On the week of September 5, 2016, Williams tied Steffi Graf for the longest consecutive weeks as World No.", "2016 Serena Williams tennis season __knowledge__ 1 at 186 weeks.", "2016 Serena Williams tennis season __knowledge__ On July 9, 2016 Williams, defeated Angelique Kerber in the finals at Wimbledon to claim her 22nd major singles title and tie the Open Era record for Grand Slam singles titles with Steffi Graf.", "2016 Serena Williams tennis season __knowledge__ For the second consecutive year and for the fourth time in her career Williams started her season at the Hopman Cup.", "De L'Europe Amsterdam __knowledge__ De L'Europe Amsterdam (formerly known as \"Hotel de l'Europe\") is a five-star hotel located on the Amstel river in the centre of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.", "De L'Europe Amsterdam __knowledge__ De L'Europe Amsterdam is situated opposite and overlooking the Munt, where the river Amstel flows into the Rokin canal.", "De L'Europe Amsterdam __knowledge__ The 19th-century hotel became an official monument (\"rijksmonument\") in 2001.", "De L'Europe Amsterdam __knowledge__ Since 2012 the hotel houses 2 Michelin star with its restaurant Bord'Eau Restaurant Gastronomique.", "De L'Europe Amsterdam __knowledge__ Freddy's Bar, the bar of the hotel, is named after Freddy Heineken.", "De L'Europe Amsterdam __knowledge__ De L'Europe Amsterdam changed its name in 2011, after being called Hotel de L'Europe since 1896.", "MTR Rotem EMU __knowledge__ The Rotem EMU (also known as K-Train/K-Stock) is an electric multiple unit that operates on the MTR rapid transit railway system in Hong Kong.", "MTR Rotem EMU __knowledge__ They were jointly built a consortium consisting of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries of Japan and Hyundai Rotem of South Korea and come in two variants: those delivered for the Tseung Kwan O Line now (but from 2002-2009 used on the Kwun Tong Line), and those delivered in 2006 to 2007 for the Tung Chung Line.", "MTR Rotem EMU __knowledge__ In 2003 and 2004, the urban line trains ran on the Tsuen Wan Line, Island Line and Tseung Kwan O Line.", "MTR Rotem EMU __knowledge__ The K-Stock trains are different from the R-stock trains to be built by Hyundai Rotem for the future North South Corridor, which were ordered by MTRC on 14 December 2012, as 37 nine-car sets and will enter service on the current East Rail Line in 2018." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo is one of the world's largest video game companies by market capitalization, creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises, such as \"Mario\", \"The Legend of Zelda\", and \"Pokémon\".", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi, it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ By 1963, the company had tried several small niche businesses, such as cab services and love hotels.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ From 1992 until 2016, Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball's Seattle Mariners.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo was founded as a playing card company by Fusajiro Yamauchi on 23 September 1889.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Based in Kyoto, the business produced and marketed \"Hanafuda\" cards.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ The handmade cards soon became popular, and Yamauchi hired assistants to mass-produce cards to satisfy demand.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ In 1949, the company adopted the name Nintendo Karuta Co., Ltd., doing business as The Nintendo Playing Card Co. outside Japan.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Video game controversies are societal and scientific arguments about whether the content of video games change the behavior and attitudes of a player, and whether this is reflected in video game culture overall.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Since the early 2000s, advocates of video games have emphasized their use as an expressive medium, arguing for their protection under the laws governing freedom of speech and also as an educational tool.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Detractors argue that video games are harmful and therefore should be subject to legislative oversight and restrictions.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ The positive and negative characteristics and effects of video games are the subject of scientific study.", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!", "Video game __knowledge__ A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor.", "Video game __knowledge__ The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images.", "Video game __knowledge__ Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "Video game __knowledge__ The electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms; examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles.", "Video game __knowledge__ These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices.", "Nonviolent video game __knowledge__ Nonviolent video games are video games characterized by little or no violence.", "Nonviolent video game __knowledge__ As the term is vague, game designers, developers, and marketers that describe themselves as non-violent video game makers, as well as certain reviewers and members of the non-violent gaming community, often employ it to describe games with \"comparatively\" little or no violence.", "Nonviolent video game __knowledge__ The definition has been applied flexibly to games in such purposive genres as the Christian video game, however a number of games at the fringe of the \"non-violence\" label can only be viewed as objectively violent.", "Nonviolent video game __knowledge__ The purposes behind the development of the nonviolent genre are primarily reactionary in nature.", "Jack Thompson (activist) __knowledge__ John Bruce \"Jack\" Thompson (born July 25, 1951) is an American activist and disbarred attorney, based in Coral Gables, Florida.", "Jack Thompson (activist) __knowledge__ Thompson is known for his role as an anti-video-game activist, particularly against violence and sex in video games.", "Jack Thompson (activist) __knowledge__ During his time as an attorney, Thompson focused his legal efforts against what he perceives as obscenity in modern culture.", "Jack Thompson (activist) __knowledge__ This included rap music, broadcasts by shock jock Howard Stern, the content of computer and video games and their alleged effects on children.", "Jack Thompson (activist) __knowledge__ He is also known for his unusual filings to The Florida Bar, including challenging the constitutionality of The Florida Bar itself in 1993.", "History of Nintendo __knowledge__ The history of Nintendo traces back to 1889, when it was founded to produce handmade hanafuda cards.", "History of Nintendo __knowledge__ is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics company headquartered in Kyoto, Japan.", "History of Nintendo __knowledge__ It eventually became one of the most prominent figures in today's video game industry, being the world's largest video game company by revenue.", "History of Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo started out as a small Japanese company, founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi on September 23, 1889, as Nintendo Koppai.", "History of Nintendo __knowledge__ Based in Kyoto, Japan, the business produced and marketed \"Hanafuda\" cards.", "History of Nintendo __knowledge__ The name \"Nintendo\" is commonly assumed to mean \"leave luck to heaven\", but there are no historical records to validate this assumption.", "Hanafuda __knowledge__ In 1549, the 18th year of Tenbun, a missionary Francis Xavier landed in Japan and the crew of his ship had carried a set of 48 Portuguese \"Hombre\" playing cards from Europe, and eventually card games became popular, along with their use for gambling.", "Hanafuda __knowledge__ When Japan subsequently closed off all contact with the Western world in 1633, foreign playing cards were banned.", "Hanafuda __knowledge__ Despite that prohibition, gambling with cards remained highly popular.", "Hanafuda __knowledge__ Private gambling during the Tokugawa Shogunate was illegal.", "Hanafuda __knowledge__ Because playing with card games per se was not banned, new cards were created with different designs to avoid the restriction.", "Suit (cards) __knowledge__ In playing cards, a suit is one of the categories into which the cards of a deck are divided.", "Suit (cards) __knowledge__ Most often, each card bears one of several pips (symbols) showing to which suit it belongs; the suit may alternatively or additionally be indicated by the color printed on the card.", "Suit (cards) __knowledge__ The \"rank\" for each card is determined by the number of pips on it, except on face cards.", "Suit (cards) __knowledge__ Ranking indicates which cards within a suit are better, higher or more valuable than others, whereas there is no order between the suits unless defined in the rules of a specific card game.", "Suit (cards) __knowledge__ Unless playing with multiple decks, there is exactly one card of any given rank in any given suit.", "Card game __knowledge__ A card game is any game using playing cards as the primary device with which the game is played, be they traditional or game-specific.", "Card game __knowledge__ Countless card games exist, including families of related games (such as poker).", "Card game __knowledge__ A small number of card games played with traditional decks have formally standardized rules, but most are folk games whose rules vary by region, culture, and person.", "Card game __knowledge__ Many games that are not generally placed in the family of card games do in fact use cards for some aspect of their gameplay.", "Card game __knowledge__ Similarly, some games that are placed in the card game genre involve a board.", "Card game __knowledge__ The distinction is that the gameplay of a card game primarily depends on the use of the cards by players (the board is simply a guide for scorekeeping or for card placement), while board games (the principal non-card game genre to use cards) generally focus on the players' positions on the board, and use the cards for some secondary purpose.", "United States Playing Card Company __knowledge__ The United States Playing Card Company, established in 1867, produces and distributes many brands of playing cards, including \"Bicycle\", \"Bee\", \"Hoyle\", \"Kem\", and others, plus novelty and custom cards, and other playing card accessories such as poker chips.", "United States Playing Card Company __knowledge__ The company was once based in Cincinnati, Ohio, but is now headquartered in the Cincinnati suburb of Erlanger, Kentucky.", "United States Playing Card Company __knowledge__ It is currently a subsidiary of Newell Brands.", "United States Playing Card Company __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1867 as Russell, Morgan & Co., a printing company.", "United States Playing Card Company __knowledge__ In 1881, Colonel Robert J. Morgan, recruited a talented, young inventor from New York named Samuel J. Murray, whose patented inventions increased the output of cards at the company's Norwood, Ohio plant fourfold and cut labor costs by 66 percent.", "Karuta __knowledge__ The basic idea of any \"E-awase karuta\" game is to be able to quickly determine which card out of an array of cards is required and then to grab the card before it is grabbed by an opponent.", "Karuta __knowledge__ There are various types of cards which can be used to play \"karuta\".", "Karuta __knowledge__ It is also possible to play this game using two standard decks of playing cards.", "Karuta __knowledge__ The two types of \"E-awase karuta\" decks that are most often seen are the \"uta-garuta\" and \"iroha-karuta\".", "Karuta __knowledge__ In \"uta-garuta\", players try to find the last two lines of a \"waka\" given the first three lines.", "Karuta __knowledge__ It is often possible to identify a poem by its first one or two syllables." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 3, 4 ]

[ "Ever since the 80s I've been hooked on Nintendo games.", "Believe it or not, they've been around since September 23rd, 1889!", "Long before video games, they used to make a type of playing cards called hanafuda.", "Probably the most unusual thing they did was run a series of love hotels, but they also had a cab company." ]

[ "Nintendo", "Nintendo", "Nintendo", "Nintendo" ]

[ "Compulsive hoarding", "Wow that sounds interesting! Have you seen any hoarders in person?", "That sounds pretty serious! What kind of items do they hold onto?", "That is terrible. Where would they sleep?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarding, also known as hoarding disorder, is a pattern of behavior that is characterized by excessive acquisition and an inability or unwillingness to discard large quantities of objects that cover the living areas of the home and cause significant distress or impairment.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarding behavior has been associated with health risks, impaired functioning, economic burden, and adverse effects on friends and family members.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ When clinically significant enough to impair functioning, hoarding can prevent typical uses of space, enough so that it can limit activities such as cooking, cleaning, moving through the house, and sleeping.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ It can also put the individual and others at risk of fires, falling, poor sanitation, and other health concerns.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarders may be aware of their irrational behavior, but the emotional attachment to the hoarded objects far exceeds the motive to discard the items.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Researchers have only recently begun to study hoarding, and it was first defined as a mental disorder in the 5th edition of the DSM in 2013.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ It was not clear whether compulsive hoarding is a separate, isolated disorder, or rather a symptom of another condition, such as OCD, but the current DSM lists hoarding disorder as both a mental disability and a possible symptom for OCD." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarding, also known as hoarding disorder, is a pattern of behavior that is characterized by excessive acquisition and an inability or unwillingness to discard large quantities of objects that cover the living areas of the home and cause significant distress or impairment.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarding behavior has been associated with health risks, impaired functioning, economic burden, and adverse effects on friends and family members.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ When clinically significant enough to impair functioning, hoarding can prevent typical uses of space, enough so that it can limit activities such as cooking, cleaning, moving through the house, and sleeping.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ It can also put the individual and others at risk of fires, falling, poor sanitation, and other health concerns.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarders may be aware of their irrational behavior, but the emotional attachment to the hoarded objects far exceeds the motive to discard the items.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Researchers have only recently begun to study hoarding, and it was first defined as a mental disorder in the 5th edition of the DSM in 2013.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ It was not clear whether compulsive hoarding is a separate, isolated disorder, or rather a symptom of another condition, such as OCD, but the current DSM lists hoarding disorder as both a mental disability and a possible symptom for OCD.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Animal hoarding is keeping a higher-than-usual number of animals as domestic pets without ability to properly house or care for them, while at the same time denying this inability.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarding can be characterized as a symptom of mental disorder rather than deliberate cruelty towards animals.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Hoarders are deeply attached to their pets and find it extremely difficult to let the pets go.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ They typically cannot comprehend that they are harming their pets by failing to provide them with proper care.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Hoarders tend to believe that they provide the right amount of care for them.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals provides a \"Hoarding Prevention Team\", which works with hoarders to help them attain a manageable and healthy number of pets.", "Hoarders __knowledge__ Hoarders is an American reality television series that debuted on A&E.", "Hoarders __knowledge__ The show depicts the real-life struggles and treatment of people who suffer from compulsive hoarding disorder.", "Hoarders __knowledge__ The series premiered on August 17, 2009 and concluded its original run on February 4, 2013, after six seasons.", "Hoarders __knowledge__ Over a year after the program's original cancellation in 2013, Lifetime began airing a series of weekly \"Where Are They Now?\"", "Hoarders __knowledge__ episodes on June 2, 2014.", "Hoarders __knowledge__ This led to the production of a seventh season, Hoarders: Family Secrets, which aired on Lifetime from May 28, 2015 to July 30, 2015.", "Hoarders __knowledge__ The program returned to A&E for an eighth season which began on January 3, 2016.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Arthur Penhallow (born December 20, 1943) is a radio presenter in Detroit, Michigan who hosted afternoons on active rock station WRIF from 1970-2009.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ On March 30, 2009, WRIF owner Greater Media announced that the station and Penhallow had been unable to come to terms on a new contract.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Penhallow was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Arthur being a Vietnam veteran served in the USAF from 1962 through 1968.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Before beginning his long tenure with WRIF, Art had toured with a band that played with the Mamas & the Papas, among others.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Under the name \"Cicero Grimes\", he worked at WNRZ in Ann Arbor in 1970, and then moved to WRIF's predecessor, WXYZ-FM, which at the time was airing a syndicated progressive-rock format distributed by ABC called \"Love\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Compulsive behavior __knowledge__ Compulsive behavior is defined as performing an act persistently and repetitively without it necessarily leading to an actual reward or pleasure.", "Compulsive behavior __knowledge__ Compulsive behaviors could be an attempt to make obsessions go away.", "Compulsive behavior __knowledge__ The act is usually a small, restricted and repetitive behavior, yet not disturbing in a pathological way.", "Compulsive behavior __knowledge__ Compulsive behaviors are a need to reduce apprehension caused by internal feelings a person wants to abstain from or control.", "Compulsive behavior __knowledge__ A major cause of the compulsive behaviors is said to be obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).", "Compulsive behavior __knowledge__ \"The main idea of compulsive behavior is that the likely excessive activity is not connected to the purpose to which it appears directed.\"", "Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder __knowledge__ Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a general pattern of concern with orderliness, perfectionism, excessive attention to details, mental and interpersonal control, and a need for control over one's environment, at the expense of flexibility, openness to experience, and efficiency.", "Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder __knowledge__ Workaholism and miserliness are also seen often in those with this personality disorder.", "Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder __knowledge__ Persons affected with this disorder may find it hard to relax, always feeling that time is running out for their activities, and that more effort is needed to achieve their goals.", "Hoarding: Buried Alive __knowledge__ Hoarding: Buried Alive is an American documentary television series that premiered on TLC on March 14, 2010.", "Hoarding: Buried Alive __knowledge__ The show follows hoarders through their life experiences and helps them learn to manage their illness.", "Hoarding: Buried Alive __knowledge__ \"Hoarding: Buried Alive\" takes the viewer into the personal lives of hoarders, focusing on how the mental illness has affected the individual and his or her family members.", "Hoarding: Buried Alive __knowledge__ Each episode usually looks at two different cases, examining the history of the victim and interviewing family members.", "Hoarding: Buried Alive __knowledge__ The show includes an extensive look at the items each person collects.", "Hoarding: Buried Alive __knowledge__ Each hoarder receives treatment from a therapist and a professional organizer.", "Animal psychopathology __knowledge__ Animal psychopathology is the study of mental or behavioral disorders in animals.", "Animal psychopathology __knowledge__ Historically, there has been an anthropocentric tendency to emphasize the study of animal psychopathologies as models for human mental illnesses.", "Animal psychopathology __knowledge__ But animal psychopathologies can, from an evolutionary point of view, be more properly regarded as non-adaptive behaviors due to some sort of a cognitive disability, emotional impairment or distress.", "Animal psychopathology __knowledge__ This article provides a non-exhaustive list of animal psychopathologies.", "Animal psychopathology __knowledge__ Animals in the wild appear to be relatively free from eating disorders although their body composition fluctuates depending on seasonal and reproductive cycles." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarding, also known as hoarding disorder, is a pattern of behavior that is characterized by excessive acquisition and an inability or unwillingness to discard large quantities of objects that cover the living areas of the home and cause significant distress or impairment.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarding behavior has been associated with health risks, impaired functioning, economic burden, and adverse effects on friends and family members.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ When clinically significant enough to impair functioning, hoarding can prevent typical uses of space, enough so that it can limit activities such as cooking, cleaning, moving through the house, and sleeping.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ It can also put the individual and others at risk of fires, falling, poor sanitation, and other health concerns.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarders may be aware of their irrational behavior, but the emotional attachment to the hoarded objects far exceeds the motive to discard the items.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Researchers have only recently begun to study hoarding, and it was first defined as a mental disorder in the 5th edition of the DSM in 2013.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ It was not clear whether compulsive hoarding is a separate, isolated disorder, or rather a symptom of another condition, such as OCD, but the current DSM lists hoarding disorder as both a mental disability and a possible symptom for OCD.", "Forever the Sickest Kids (album) __knowledge__ Forever the Sickest Kids is the second self-titled studio album by American pop punk band Forever the Sickest Kids, released on March 1, 2011.", "Forever the Sickest Kids (album) __knowledge__ It is their last release through Universal Motown Records, and also last to feature members Kent Garrison and Marc Stewart.", "Forever the Sickest Kids (album) __knowledge__ Following the release of their 2009 EP \"\", the band worked on material for what was originally a continuation of the EP but instead wrote more songs than intended, and scrapped the idea to work on a second full-length record.", "Forever the Sickest Kids (album) __knowledge__ The album received mixed reviews from critics who commended the band's attempt at maturity with diverse musicianship and catchability but found it inconsistent.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ \"Neighbours\" is an Australian television soap opera.", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ It was first broadcast on 18 March 1985 and currently airs on digital channel Eleven.", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appeared in the show in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the shows executive producer Jason Herbison.", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ The 33rd season of \"Neighbours\" began airing from 9 January 2017.", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ Andrea and Willow Somers made their debuts during the same month.", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ Teacher Finn Kelly was introduced during March, while Dipi, Kirsha and Yashvi Rebecchi, along with Dipi's sister Mishti Sharma, arrived in April.", "List of Neighbours characters (2017) __knowledge__ Jeremy Newell and Mannix Foster appeared in June.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Forever the Sickest Kids __knowledge__ Forever the Sickest Kids (sometimes abbreviated as FTSK) is an American pop punk band from Dallas, Texas.", "Forever the Sickest Kids __knowledge__ The band first signed with Universal Motown Records and released its debut album, \"Underdog Alma Mater\", on April 29, 2008.", "Forever the Sickest Kids __knowledge__ The band's second album, \"Forever the Sickest Kids\", was released on March 1, 2011.", "Forever the Sickest Kids __knowledge__ Universal Motown Records was later shut down in 2011 and the band was left unsigned for over a year until signing to Fearless Records in late 2012.", "Forever the Sickest Kids __knowledge__ The band released its third studio album, \"J.A.C.K.", "Forever the Sickest Kids __knowledge__ \", on June 25, 2013.", "Forever the Sickest Kids __knowledge__ In an \"Alternative Press\" article, the band was placed number one underground band of the \"22 Best Underground Bands\".", "Scott Miller (pop musician) __knowledge__ Scott Miller (April 4, 1960 – April 15, 2013) was a singer, songwriter and guitarist, best known for his work as leader of the 1980s band Game Theory and 1990s band The Loud Family, and as the author of a 2010 book of music criticism.", "Scott Miller (pop musician) __knowledge__ He was described by \"The New York Times\" as \"a hyperintellectual singer and songwriter who liked to tinker with pop the way a born mathematician tinkers with numbers\", having \"a shimmery-sweet pop sensibility, in the tradition of Brian Wilson and Alex Chilton.\"", "Scott Miller (pop musician) __knowledge__ In 2014, Omnivore Recordings began releasing a series of reissues of Miller's entire Game Theory catalog, which had for decades been out of print.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Animal hoarding is keeping a higher-than-usual number of animals as domestic pets without ability to properly house or care for them, while at the same time denying this inability.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarding can be characterized as a symptom of mental disorder rather than deliberate cruelty towards animals.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Hoarders are deeply attached to their pets and find it extremely difficult to let the pets go.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ They typically cannot comprehend that they are harming their pets by failing to provide them with proper care.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Hoarders tend to believe that they provide the right amount of care for them.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals provides a \"Hoarding Prevention Team\", which works with hoarders to help them attain a manageable and healthy number of pets.", "Psychology of collecting __knowledge__ The psychology of collecting seeks to understand the motivating factors for persons who, throughout the ages, have devoted great amounts of time, money, and energy making and maintaining collections.", "Psychology of collecting __knowledge__ When people think of collecting, they may imagine expensive works of art or historical artifacts that are later sold to a museum or listed on eBay.", "Psychology of collecting __knowledge__ The truth is, for many people who amass collections, the value of their collections are not monetary but emotional —and often, not for sale.", "Psychology of collecting __knowledge__ Collections allow people to relive their childhoods, to connect themselves to a period in history or to a time they feel strongly about.", "Mental health __knowledge__ Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of mental illness.", "Mental health __knowledge__ It is the \"psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment\".", "Mental health __knowledge__ From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.", "Mental health __knowledge__ According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health includes \"subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.\"", "Personality disorder __knowledge__ Personality disorders (PD) are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the individual's culture.", "Personality disorder __knowledge__ These patterns develop early, are inflexible, and are associated with significant distress or disability.", "Personality disorder __knowledge__ The definitions may vary somewhat, according to source.", "Personality disorder __knowledge__ Official criteria for diagnosing personality disorders are listed in the \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\" (DSM) and the of the \"International Classification of Diseases\" (ICD).", "Addictive personality __knowledge__ An addictive personality refers to a particular set of personality traits that make an individual predisposed to developing addictions.", "Addictive personality __knowledge__ This hypothesis states that there may be common personality traits observable in people suffering from addiction.", "Addictive personality __knowledge__ Alan R. Lang of Florida State University, author of an addiction study prepared for the United States National Academy of Sciences, said, \"If we can better identify the personality factors, they can help us devise better treatment and can open up new strategies to intervene and break the patterns of addiction.\"", "Addictive personality __knowledge__ Experts describe the spectrum of behaviors designated as addictive in terms of five interrelated concepts: patterns, habits, compulsions, impulse control disorders, and physical addiction.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Physical growth (particularly in males), and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarding, also known as hoarding disorder, is a pattern of behavior that is characterized by excessive acquisition and an inability or unwillingness to discard large quantities of objects that cover the living areas of the home and cause significant distress or impairment.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarding behavior has been associated with health risks, impaired functioning, economic burden, and adverse effects on friends and family members.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ When clinically significant enough to impair functioning, hoarding can prevent typical uses of space, enough so that it can limit activities such as cooking, cleaning, moving through the house, and sleeping.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ It can also put the individual and others at risk of fires, falling, poor sanitation, and other health concerns.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarders may be aware of their irrational behavior, but the emotional attachment to the hoarded objects far exceeds the motive to discard the items.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ Researchers have only recently begun to study hoarding, and it was first defined as a mental disorder in the 5th edition of the DSM in 2013.", "Compulsive hoarding __knowledge__ It was not clear whether compulsive hoarding is a separate, isolated disorder, or rather a symptom of another condition, such as OCD, but the current DSM lists hoarding disorder as both a mental disability and a possible symptom for OCD.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ The neuroscience of sleep is the study of the neuroscientific and physiological basis of the nature of sleep and its functions.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ Traditionally, sleep has been studied as part of psychology and medicine.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ The study of sleep from a neuroscience perspective grew to prominence with advances in technology and proliferation of neuroscience research from the second half of the twentieth century.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ The fact that organisms daily spend hours of their time in sleep and that sleep deprivation can have disastrous effects ultimately leading to death, demonstrate the importance of sleep.", "Neuroscience of sleep __knowledge__ For a phenomenon so important, the purposes and mechanisms of sleep are only partially understood, so much so that as recently as the late 1990s it was quipped: \"The only known function of sleep is to cure sleepiness\".", "Sleep and memory __knowledge__ The relationship between sleep and memory has been postulated and studied since at least the early 19th century.", "Sleep and memory __knowledge__ Memory, the cognitive process whereby experiences, learning and recognition are recalled, is a product of brain plasticity, the structural changes within synapses that create associations between stimuli.", "Sleep and memory __knowledge__ Stimuli are encoded within milliseconds; however, the long-term maintenance of memories can take additional minutes, days, or even years to fully consolidate and become a stable memory (more resistant to change or interference).", "Sleep and memory __knowledge__ Therefore, the formation of a specific memory occurs rapidly, but the evolution of a memory is often an ongoing process.", "Sleep __knowledge__ Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body, characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles, and reduced interactions with surroundings.", "Sleep __knowledge__ It is distinguished from wakefulness by a decreased ability to react to stimuli, but is more easily reversed than the state of being comatose.", "Sleep __knowledge__ Sleep occurs in repeating periods, in which the body alternates between two distinct modes known as non-REM and REM sleep.", "Sleep __knowledge__ Although REM stands for \"rapid eye movement\", this mode of sleep has many other aspects, including virtual paralysis of the body.", "Rapid eye movement sleep __knowledge__ Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep, REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals and birds, distinguishable by random/rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied with low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly.", "Rapid eye movement sleep __knowledge__ The REM phase is also known as paradoxical sleep (PS) and sometimes desynchronized sleep because of physiological similarities to waking states, including rapid, low-voltage desynchronized brain waves.", "Rapid eye movement sleep __knowledge__ Electrical and chemical activity regulating this phase seems to originate in the brain stem and is characterized most notably by an abundance of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, combined with a nearly complete absence of monoamine neurotransmitters histamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.", "Sleep in non-human animals __knowledge__ Sleep in non-human animals refers to a behavioral and physiological state characterized by altered consciousness, reduced responsiveness to external stimuli, and homeostatic regulation.", "Sleep in non-human animals __knowledge__ Sleep is observed in mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and some fish, and, in some form, in insects and even in simpler animals such as nematodes.", "Sleep in non-human animals __knowledge__ The internal circadian clock promotes sleep daily at night in diurnal organisms (such as humans) and in the day in nocturnal organisms (such as rodents).", "Sleep in non-human animals __knowledge__ However, sleep patterns vary widely among species.", "Sleep in non-human animals __knowledge__ Sleep appears to be a requirement for all mammals and most other animals.", "Sleep deprivation __knowledge__ Sleep deprivation is the condition of not having enough sleep; it can be either chronic or acute.", "Sleep deprivation __knowledge__ A chronic sleep-restricted state can cause fatigue, daytime sleepiness, clumsiness and weight loss or weight gain.", "Sleep deprivation __knowledge__ It adversely affects the brain and cognitive function.", "Sleep deprivation __knowledge__ However, in a subset of cases sleep deprivation can, paradoxically, lead to increased energy and alertness and enhanced mood; it has even been used as a treatment for depression (see below).", "Sleep deprivation __knowledge__ Few studies have compared the effects of acute total sleep deprivation and chronic partial sleep restriction.", "Sleep deprivation __knowledge__ Complete absence of sleep over long periods has not been seen in humans (unless they suffer from fatal familial insomnia); it appears that brief microsleeps cannot be avoided.", "Sleep paralysis __knowledge__ Sleep paralysis is when, during awakening or falling asleep, a person is aware but unable to move.", "Sleep paralysis __knowledge__ During an episode, one may hear, feel, or see things that are not there.", "Sleep paralysis __knowledge__ It often results in fear.", "Sleep paralysis __knowledge__ Episodes generally last less than a couple of minutes.", "Sleep paralysis __knowledge__ It may occur as a single episode or be recurrent.", "Sleep paralysis __knowledge__ The condition may occur in those who are otherwise healthy, those with narcolepsy, or may run in families as a result of specific genetic changes.", "Sleep paralysis __knowledge__ The condition can be triggered by sleep deprivation, psychological stress, or abnormal sleep cycles.", "Sleep paralysis __knowledge__ The underlying mechanism is believed to involve a dysfunction in REM sleep.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of supporting characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ is a fictional character in the anime \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ OVA In the OVA, Katsuhito, also known as , fled Jurai over 700 years ago to \"retire\" on Earth.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ He was once the greatest swordsman on Jurai.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Currently Katsuhito is a Shinto priest who is not only training Tenchi to be a Shinto priest but also training him in Jurai swordsmanship.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Yōshō had a marriage arranged with half-sister Ayeka, but left.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ At the time, not all Juraians liked the idea of mixed blood heritages (he is part human, on his mother's side) and he used Ryōko's attack as an excuse to slip away to Earth.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Animal hoarding is keeping a higher-than-usual number of animals as domestic pets without ability to properly house or care for them, while at the same time denying this inability.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarding can be characterized as a symptom of mental disorder rather than deliberate cruelty towards animals.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Hoarders are deeply attached to their pets and find it extremely difficult to let the pets go.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ They typically cannot comprehend that they are harming their pets by failing to provide them with proper care.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Hoarders tend to believe that they provide the right amount of care for them.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals provides a \"Hoarding Prevention Team\", which works with hoarders to help them attain a manageable and healthy number of pets.", "Say's law __knowledge__ Say's law, or the law of markets, in classical economics, states that aggregate production necessarily creates an equal quantity of aggregate demand.", "Say's law __knowledge__ The French economist Jean-Baptiste Say (1767–1832) introduced the idea in 1803, in his principal work, \"A Treatise on Political Economy\" (\"Traité d'économie politique\"): A product is no sooner created, than it, from that instant, affords a market for other products to the full extent of its own value.", "Say's law __knowledge__ and Say further argued that this law of markets implies that a \"general glut\" (the term used in Say's time for a widespread excess of supply over demand) cannot occur.", "Homemaking __knowledge__ Homemaking is a mainly American term for the management of a home, otherwise known as housework, housekeeping, or household management.", "Homemaking __knowledge__ It is the act of overseeing the organizational, day-to-day operations of a house or estate, and the managing of other domestic concerns.", "Homemaking __knowledge__ A person in charge of the homemaking, who is not employed outside the home, is in the U.S. and Canada often called a homemaker, a term for a housewife or a househusband.", "Homemaking __knowledge__ The term \"homemaker\", however, may also refer to a social worker who manages a household during the incapacity of the housewife or househusband.", "Homemaking __knowledge__ Housework is not always a lifetime commitment; many, for economic or personal reasons, return to the workplace.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "I watched a show about compulsive hoarders. It is a pattern of behavior characterized by inability to discard things.", "No I haven't. Hoarding behavior is associated with health risks such as impaired functioning.", "Pretty much everything. Hoarding can prevent typical uses of space which limits activities such as cooking, cleaning, and sleeping.", "Anywhere they can find a nook. It also puts people at risk of fires, falling, and poor sanitation." ]

[ "Compulsive hoarding", "Compulsive hoarding", "Compulsive hoarding", "Compulsive hoarding" ]

[ "Scooter (motorcycle)\nHi. How are you?", "I used to like them when I was younger. Not anymore", "It was a lot of fun to go out riding on a nice day. I enjoyed it. Would you want to go back to riding again?", "Yeah, that was my favorite time to go out. Nice, warm sunny day. Now they seem to dangerous to me", "Nah, I'm done with that part of my life. I'm looking for other hobbies now. Walking on the beach sounds nice.", "Enjoy your day!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ A scooter (also referred to as a motor scooter to avoid confusion with kick scooter) is a type of motorcycle with step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Elements of scooter design have been present in some of the earliest motorcycles, and motorcycles identifiable as scooters have been made from 1914 or earlier.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Scooter development continued in Europe and the United States between the World Wars.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The global popularity of scooters dates from the post-World War II introductions of the Vespa and the Lambretta.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ These scooters were intended to provide economical personal transportation (engines from ).", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The original layout is still widely used in this application.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Maxi-scooters, with engines from have been developed for Western markets.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Scooters are popular for personal transport, partly due to being more affordable, easy to operate and convenient to park and store.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Licensing requirements for scooters are easier and cheaper than for cars in most parts of the world, and insurance is usually cheaper.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ A motor scooter is a motorcycle similar to a kick scooter with a seat, a floorboard, and small or low wheels.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The United States Department of Transportation defines a scooter as a motorcycle that has a platform for the operator's feet or has integrated footrests, and has a step-through architecture.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2009–10 season is Sunderland's third consecutive season in the top division of English football, the Premier League.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Ricky Sbragia was replaced by Steve Bruce in the close season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ His aim is to improve on the club's 16th position the previous season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in the Premier League with 24 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Andy Reid was the top scorer in the League Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Fraizer Campbell was the top scorer in the FA Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in all competitions with 25 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ At the end of the season, Darren Bent won both the club's official Player of the Season and the SAFC Supporters' Association awards.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ In January 2004, Sony announced the Hi-MD media storage format as a further development of the MiniDisc format.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ With its release in later 2004, came the ability to use newly developed, high-capacity 1 gigabyte Hi-MD discs, sporting the same dimensions as regular MiniDiscs.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The Hi-MD format can be considered obsolete as the last recorder/player was discontinued in 2011.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The discs themselves were withdrawn from sale in September 2012, though regular MiniDiscs are still available ().", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ Hi-MD offers the choice of several codecs for audio recording: PCM, Hi-SP and Hi-LP, each selectable on the Hi-MD Walkman itself.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ Hi-5 is an Australian children's television series, originally produced by Kids Like Us and later Southern Star for the Nine Network and created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The program is known for its educational content, and for the cast of the program, who became a recognised musical group for children outside of the series, known collectively as Hi-5.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ It has generated discussion about what is considered appropriate television for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series premiered in April 1999 on the Nine Network.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series is designed for a pre-school audience, featuring five performers who educate and entertain through music, movement and play.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ A hi-hat, also spelled hihat or high-hat, is a combination of two cymbals, a foot-operated pedal which moves a rod which in turn moves one of the cymbals, all mounted on a metal stand.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ Hihats are an essential part of the standard drum kit used by drummers in many popular music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ every genre of rock music) and traditional music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ blues) styles.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ It consists of a mating pair of small to medium-sized cymbals mounted on a stand, with the two cymbals facing each other.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ The bottom cymbal is fixed and the top is mounted on a rod which moves the top cymbal towards the bottom one when a foot pedal is depressed (a hihat that is in this position is said to be \"closed\" or \"closed hihats\").", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ Delco Hi-Q, formerly Kimberly-Clark Hi-Q, or just Hi-Q is an academic quiz competition in Delaware County, Pennsylvania.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ It was founded in 1948, and is now an intracounty competition of high school students in six different states: Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Washington, Ohio, Florida, and Alabama.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ Delco Hi-Q is the oldest continuous academic quiz competition in the United States.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ It was started as radio quiz program for high school students in Delaware County, Pennsylvania by the Scott Paper Company, which ran it as a community relations program.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ \"Hi\" represented \"High School\" and \"Q\" represented \"I.Q.\"", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ The Fugitive: Plan B () is a 2010 South Korean action television series, starring Rain and Lee Na-young.", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ It aired on KBS2 from September 29 to December 8, 2010 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ The series was directed by Kwak Jung-hwan and written by Cheon Sung-il, the same team behind \"The Slave Hunters\".", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ The rights to the series were sold to seven countries in Asia including Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, Thailand, Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ Prior to the series' timeline, Ji-woo (Rain), a young, rich and cunning Korean private investigator handled the case of an Asian couple who died at a casino in Las Vegas." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ A scooter (also referred to as a motor scooter to avoid confusion with kick scooter) is a type of motorcycle with step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Elements of scooter design have been present in some of the earliest motorcycles, and motorcycles identifiable as scooters have been made from 1914 or earlier.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Scooter development continued in Europe and the United States between the World Wars.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The global popularity of scooters dates from the post-World War II introductions of the Vespa and the Lambretta.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ These scooters were intended to provide economical personal transportation (engines from ).", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The original layout is still widely used in this application.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Maxi-scooters, with engines from have been developed for Western markets.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Scooters are popular for personal transport, partly due to being more affordable, easy to operate and convenient to park and store.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Licensing requirements for scooters are easier and cheaper than for cars in most parts of the world, and insurance is usually cheaper.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ A motor scooter is a motorcycle similar to a kick scooter with a seat, a floorboard, and small or low wheels.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The United States Department of Transportation defines a scooter as a motorcycle that has a platform for the operator's feet or has integrated footrests, and has a step-through architecture.", "Love Don't Live Here Anymore __knowledge__ \"Love Don't Live Here Anymore\" is a song written by Miles Gregory and originally recorded by Rose Royce.", "Love Don't Live Here Anymore __knowledge__ It was produced by former Motown songwriter and producer Norman Whitfield for Whitfield Records.", "Love Don't Live Here Anymore __knowledge__ Lead vocals were sung by Gwen Dickey and the song was released as the second single from their third studio album \"\" The song was developed as a result of producer Whitfield's interest to work with Paul Buckmaster, the British arranger and composer.", "Love Don't Live Here Anymore __knowledge__ Together they asked songwriter Miles Gregory to write a song for them.", "Love Don't Live Here Anymore __knowledge__ Gregory was undergoing medications for his deteriorating physical health became the inspiration behind the song.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "I Don't Care Anymore (George Harrison song) __knowledge__ \"I Don't Care Anymore\" is a song by English musician George Harrison, released as the B-side of the lead single from his 1974 album \"Dark Horse\".", "I Don't Care Anymore (George Harrison song) __knowledge__ The A-side was \"Dark Horse\" in the majority of countries internationally and \"Ding Dong, Ding Dong\" elsewhere, including the United Kingdom.", "I Don't Care Anymore (George Harrison song) __knowledge__ It is one of Harrison's relatively rare compositions in the country music genre and, equally unusual among his 1970s releases, the recording is a solo performance.", "I Don't Care Anymore (George Harrison song) __knowledge__ Harrison wrote \"I Don't Care Anymore\" during a period of personal upheaval and extramarital affairs, coinciding with the end of his marriage to Pattie Boyd.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ This article contains detailed descriptions of characters of the teen sci-fi TV show \"The Tribe\".", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ Like many other soaps the series had a large number of characters that increased as the series progressed.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ Most of the main characters were members of the Mall Rats at one point or another.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ Alice, played by Vanessa Stacey, is a member of the Mall Rats on the television series \"The Tribe\".", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ She originally was the leader of the Farm Girls.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ She appears in episodes 132, 203 - 352, 547 - 548, 551.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ Alice is fun loving and can be rowdy, but deep down she is kind and sensitive and has wisdom.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ She is angry at injustice and has a hot temper.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "Motorcycle engine __knowledge__ A motorcycle engine is an engine that powers a motorcycle.", "Motorcycle engine __knowledge__ Motorcycle engines are typically two-stroke or four-stroke internal combustion engines, but other engine types, such as Wankels and electric motors, have been used in small numbers.", "Motorcycle engine __knowledge__ Although some mopeds, such as the VéloSoleX, had friction drive to the front tire, a motorcycle engine normlally drives the rear wheel, power being sent to the driven wheel by belt, chain or shaft.", "Motorcycle engine __knowledge__ Most engines have a gearbox with up to six ratios.", "Motorcycle engine __knowledge__ Reverse gear is occasionally found on heavy tourers, for example the Honda GL1600, and sidecar motorcycles, such as the Ural.", "Harley-Davidson __knowledge__ Harley-Davidson, Inc. (H-D), or Harley, is an American motorcycle manufacturer, founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1903.", "Harley-Davidson __knowledge__ One of two major American motorcycle manufacturers to survive the Great Depression (along with Indian), the company has survived numerous ownership arrangements, subsidiary arrangements (e.g., Aermacchi 1974-1978 and Buell 1987-2009), periods of poor economic health and product quality, as well as intense global competition, to become one of the world's largest motorcycle manufacturers and an iconic brand widely known for its loyal following.", "Harley-Davidson __knowledge__ There are owner clubs and events worldwide as well as a company-sponsored brand-focused museum.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "History of BMW motorcycles __knowledge__ BMW's motorcycle history began in 1921 when the company commenced manufacturing engines for other companies.", "History of BMW motorcycles __knowledge__ Motorcycle manufacturing now operates under the BMW Motorrad brand.", "History of BMW motorcycles __knowledge__ BMW \"(Bayerische Motoren Werke AG)\" introduced the first motorcycle under its name, the R32, in 1923 to 1925.", "History of BMW motorcycles __knowledge__ BMW began in 1916 as a reorganization of Rapp Motorenwerke, an aircraft engine manufacturer that began production before World War I.", "History of BMW motorcycles __knowledge__ With the Armistice, the Treaty of Versailles banned the German air force and the manufacture of aircraft in Germany, so the company turned to making air brakes, industrial engines, agricultural machinery, toolboxes and office furniture and then to motorcycles and cars.", "Motorcycle __knowledge__ A motorcycle often called a bike, motorbike, or cycle is a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle.", "Motorcycle __knowledge__ Motorcycle design varies greatly to suit a range of different purposes: long distance travel, commuting, cruising, sport including racing, and off-road riding.", "Motorcycle __knowledge__ Motorcycling is riding a motorcycle and related social activity such as joining a motorcycle club and attending motorcycle rallies.", "Motorcycle __knowledge__ In 1894, Hildebrand & Wolfmüller became the first series production motorcycle, and the first to be called a motorcycle.", "Motorcycle __knowledge__ In 2014, the three top motorcycle producers globally by volume were Honda, Yamaha (both from Japan), and Hero MotoCorp (India).", "Motorcycling __knowledge__ Motorcycling is riding a motorcycle.", "Motorcycling __knowledge__ For some people, motorcycling may be the only affordable form of individual motorized transportation, and small displacement motorcycles are the most common motor vehicle in the most populous countries, including India, China and Indonesia.", "Motorcycling __knowledge__ In developing countries, motorcycles are overwhelmingly utilitarian due to lower prices and greater fuel economy.", "Motorcycling __knowledge__ Of all motorcycles, 58% are in the Asia Pacific and Southern and Eastern Asia regions, excluding car-centric Japan.", "Motorcycling __knowledge__ Motorcycles are mainly a luxury good in developed nations, where they are used mostly for recreation, as a lifestyle accessory or a symbol of personal identity.", "Types of motorcycles __knowledge__ There are many systems for classifying types of motorcycles, describing how the motorcycles are put to use, or the designer's intent, or some combination of the two.", "Types of motorcycles __knowledge__ Six main categories are widely recognized: cruiser, sport, touring, standard, dual-purpose, and dirt bike.", "Types of motorcycles __knowledge__ Sometimes sport touring motorcycles are recognized as a seventh category.", "Types of motorcycles __knowledge__ Strong lines are sometimes drawn between motorcycles and their smaller cousins, mopeds, scooters, and underbones, but other classification schemes include these as types of motorcycles.", "Types of motorcycles __knowledge__ There is no universal system for classifying all types of motorcycles." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ A scooter (also referred to as a motor scooter to avoid confusion with kick scooter) is a type of motorcycle with step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Elements of scooter design have been present in some of the earliest motorcycles, and motorcycles identifiable as scooters have been made from 1914 or earlier.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Scooter development continued in Europe and the United States between the World Wars.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The global popularity of scooters dates from the post-World War II introductions of the Vespa and the Lambretta.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ These scooters were intended to provide economical personal transportation (engines from ).", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The original layout is still widely used in this application.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Maxi-scooters, with engines from have been developed for Western markets.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Scooters are popular for personal transport, partly due to being more affordable, easy to operate and convenient to park and store.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Licensing requirements for scooters are easier and cheaper than for cars in most parts of the world, and insurance is usually cheaper.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ A motor scooter is a motorcycle similar to a kick scooter with a seat, a floorboard, and small or low wheels.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The United States Department of Transportation defines a scooter as a motorcycle that has a platform for the operator's feet or has integrated footrests, and has a step-through architecture.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Have a nice day is a commonly spoken expression used to conclude a conversation (whether brief or extensive), or end a message by hoping the person to whom it is addressed experiences a pleasant day.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Since it is often uttered by service employees to customers at the end of a transaction, particularly in Israel and the United States, its repetitious and dutiful usage has resulted in the phrase developing, according to some journalists and scholars, especially outside of these two countries, a cultural connotation of impersonality, lack of interest, passive–aggressive behavior, or sarcasm.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ The phrase is generally not used in Europe, as some find it artificial or even offensive.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song) __knowledge__ \"Have a Nice Day\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song) __knowledge__ Written, composed and produced by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, and John Shanks, \"Have a Nice Day\" was the first single released from the band's 2005 album of the same name.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song) __knowledge__ The overall message of the song can be taken several ways, but reflects an overall theme of both tolerance and defiance, and its title has a discordant effect from its message.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song) __knowledge__ Musically, the song features a propulsive blast of power chords, drum beats, and sneering vocals, as well as choruses and hooks similar to Bon Jovi's previous material.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song) __knowledge__ It received a positive reception from critics, some of whom praised the song's arrangement and message; both favorable and unfavorable comparisons were made to the band's previous hit \"It's My Life\".", "Have a Nice Day (Roxette album) __knowledge__ Have a Nice Day is the sixth studio album by Swedish pop duo Roxette, released worldwide from 17 February 1999 by Roxette Recordings and EMI.", "Have a Nice Day (Roxette album) __knowledge__ Recorded over an 18-month period in studios in Sweden and Spain, the album was produced by Marie Fredriksson, Per Gessle, Clarence Öfwerman and Michael Ilbert, and was their first studio album since \"Crash!", "Have a Nice Day (Roxette album) __knowledge__ Boom!", "Have a Nice Day (Roxette album) __knowledge__ Bang!\"", "Have a Nice Day (Roxette album) __knowledge__ in 1994.", "Have a Nice Day (Roxette album) __knowledge__ The album was not released in the US, as the duo were no longer signed to a label there.", "Have a Nice Day (Roxette album) __knowledge__ A deluxe edition was released in Spanish-speaking territories and, in Arabian regions, the naked babies on the cover were digitally removed, due to religious concerns.", "Mick Foley __knowledge__ Michael Francis \"Mick\" Foley Sr. (born June 7, 1965) is a retired American professional wrestler and color commentator currently signed to WWE.", "Mick Foley __knowledge__ Foley has worked for many wrestling promotions, including the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and Global Wrestling Federation (GWF), as well as numerous promotions in Japan.", "Mick Foley __knowledge__ Foley is widely regarded as one of the greatest wrestlers in the history of WWE, where he participated in the main event of WrestleManias XV and 2000 – as a special guest referee in the former.", "Malaysian hip hop __knowledge__ The Malaysian hip hop scene started in the 1990s with rap groups such as KRU, 4U2C, NICO, Naughtius Maximus, but their so-called \"rap music\" wasn't accepted by the mainstream community and so they had to change to a more pop-ish sound.At around the same time, another group called Krash Kozz were the only group to introduce the new jack swing hip hop sound to Malaysian listeners, but they disbanded after their third album.", "Malaysian hip hop __knowledge__ And in 1991, hqa released baguvix, which was lit.", "Malaysian hip hop __knowledge__ Those were trying times, when the pioneers of the local hip hop scene were trying hard to break monotony of rock music, love ballads and pop sounds, which are staples in the Malaysian music scene, with the fans of these genres refusing to accept this new form of music.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes of the British television programme \"Sugar Rush\", broadcast by Channel 4 from 2005 to 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ There have been 2 series of the programme, the first airing in 2005 and the second in 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Each series consists of ten episodes, each 30 minutes long, including adverts.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Episodes do not have individual titles.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first series consists of ten episodes and follows a 15-year-old Kim's unrequited crush on Sugar.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first episode starts with Kim and Sugar on the waltzers on Brighton Pier.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Slowly, Sugar moves in to kiss Kim.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The scene then suddenly moves to Kim in bed, under a duvet with her eyes closed, and the sound of whirring.", "The Dirt Bike Kid __knowledge__ The Dirt Bike Kid is a 1985 film directed by Hoite Caston, produced by Julie Corman, starring Peter Billingsley and Stuart Pankin, about a boy who discovers a magic dirt bike that has a mind of its own.", "The Dirt Bike Kid __knowledge__ Part of the story is inspired by \"Jack and the Beanstalk\".", "The Dirt Bike Kid __knowledge__ Jack Simmons (Peter Billingsley) lives with his widowed mother (Anne Bloom).", "The Dirt Bike Kid __knowledge__ She sends Jack to buy groceries with their last $50.", "The Dirt Bike Kid __knowledge__ Jack notices a Yamaha YZ-80 two-stroke racing motorcycle and buys it from Max (Gavin Allen).", "The Dirt Bike Kid __knowledge__ Jack quickly notices that the motorcycle is self-aware.", "The Dirt Bike Kid __knowledge__ His mother is furious that Jack spent her money on a dirt bike, and promptly confiscates the bike and sells it to a local shop owner, Mr. Zak (Al Evans), thus recouping her $50.", "Motocross __knowledge__ Motocross is a form of off-road motorcycle racing held on enclosed off-road circuits.", "Motocross __knowledge__ The sport evolved from motorcycle trials competitions held in the United Kingdom.", "Motocross __knowledge__ Motocross first evolved in the U.K. from motorcycle trials competitions, such as the Auto-Cycle Clubs's first quarterly trial in 1909 and the Scottish Six Days Trial that began in 1912.", "Motocross __knowledge__ When organisers dispensed with delicate balancing and strict scoring of trials in favour of a race to become the fastest rider to the finish, the activity became known as \"scrambles\", said to have originated in the phrase, \"a rare old scramble\" describing one such early race.", "Tour de Kingston __knowledge__ The Tour de Kingston is an annual cycling event held in the city of Kingston, New York.", "Tour de Kingston __knowledge__ The event is designed to promote bicycling, drug-free community events, recreation, socialization, and to promote the region.", "Tour de Kingston __knowledge__ The Tour de Kingston is a free, police-escorted event founded by Allen Nace in 2006.", "Tour de Kingston __knowledge__ He was joined by Bike Brothers Bike Shop and Kingston Mayor James Sottile, who allowed the Tour to be insured under the city of Kingston policy.", "Tour de Kingston __knowledge__ The ride has been sponsored by Dr. Douglas Astion, Dr. Riccardo Esposito, Walmart, Nace Promotions, Health Alliance of the Hudson Valley, the YMCA of Kingston/ Ulster and by registration fees.", "Pit bike __knowledge__ A pit bike is a small off-road/on-road motorcycle originally used for riding around the pits or staging area of a motocross race.", "Pit bike __knowledge__ Since the early 2000s pit bike racing, a sport similar to motocross, has become popular in the United States, especially in Southern California.", "Pit bike __knowledge__ The term pit bike can also be applied to the use of bicycles or motorcycles used to navigate any type of event staging area.", "Pit bike __knowledge__ The name pit bike originated from the use of a Honda Z50 to ride around the pit areas of dirt bike races and race events across the United States.", "Pit bike __knowledge__ The fairly cheap price and the mobility of these bikes made them easy to use at racing events.", "Types of motorcycles __knowledge__ There are many systems for classifying types of motorcycles, describing how the motorcycles are put to use, or the designer's intent, or some combination of the two.", "Types of motorcycles __knowledge__ Six main categories are widely recognized: cruiser, sport, touring, standard, dual-purpose, and dirt bike.", "Types of motorcycles __knowledge__ Sometimes sport touring motorcycles are recognized as a seventh category.", "Types of motorcycles __knowledge__ Strong lines are sometimes drawn between motorcycles and their smaller cousins, mopeds, scooters, and underbones, but other classification schemes include these as types of motorcycles.", "Types of motorcycles __knowledge__ There is no universal system for classifying all types of motorcycles.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ A mountain bike or mountain bicycle (abbreviated Mtn Bike or MTB) is a bicycle designed for off-road cycling.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes, but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ These typically include a front or full suspension, large knobby tires, more durable wheels, more powerful brakes, and lower gear ratios for climbing steep grades.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ Mountain bikes are typically ridden on mountain trails, singletrack, fire roads, and other unpaved surfaces.", "Mountain bike __knowledge__ This type of terrain commonly has rocks, roots, loose dirt, and steep grades.", "Bill Van Tichelt __knowledge__ Bill VanTichelt (William VanTichelt or Bill VanTech) born February 17, 1935, in Kalamazoo, Michigan, is the creator of VanTech Motorcycles (Van Tech Motorcycles).", "Bill Van Tichelt __knowledge__ Moving with his family to Southern California, Bill attended South Pasadena High School, where he graduated in 1952.", "Bill Van Tichelt __knowledge__ In 1953, Bill attended Northrop Aero Institute, and graduated from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo in 1956 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering.", "Bill Van Tichelt __knowledge__ After graduation, Bill accepted a position in the research and development department of Frebank Co., based in Glendale, California.", "Bill Van Tichelt __knowledge__ During Bill's tenure in this position, he led the design and development of a snap action mechanism for a pressure switch that was utilized by NASA in the production of the Saturn V launch vehicle." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ A scooter (also referred to as a motor scooter to avoid confusion with kick scooter) is a type of motorcycle with step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Elements of scooter design have been present in some of the earliest motorcycles, and motorcycles identifiable as scooters have been made from 1914 or earlier.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Scooter development continued in Europe and the United States between the World Wars.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The global popularity of scooters dates from the post-World War II introductions of the Vespa and the Lambretta.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ These scooters were intended to provide economical personal transportation (engines from ).", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The original layout is still widely used in this application.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Maxi-scooters, with engines from have been developed for Western markets.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Scooters are popular for personal transport, partly due to being more affordable, easy to operate and convenient to park and store.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Licensing requirements for scooters are easier and cheaper than for cars in most parts of the world, and insurance is usually cheaper.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ A motor scooter is a motorcycle similar to a kick scooter with a seat, a floorboard, and small or low wheels.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The United States Department of Transportation defines a scooter as a motorcycle that has a platform for the operator's feet or has integrated footrests, and has a step-through architecture.", "Sunny Day Real Estate __knowledge__ Sunny Day Real Estate was an American rock band from Seattle, Washington.", "Sunny Day Real Estate __knowledge__ They were one of the early emo bands and helped establish the genre.", "Sunny Day Real Estate __knowledge__ In 1994, the band released their debut album \"Diary\" on Sub Pop Records to critical acclaim.", "Sunny Day Real Estate __knowledge__ However, shortly after releasing their second album \"LP2\", the band broke up, with members Nate Mendel and William Goldsmith joining Foo Fighters and Jeremy Enigk embarking on a solo career.", "Sunny Day Real Estate __knowledge__ In 1997, they regrouped long enough to record two more studio albums and a live album but ultimately disbanded once again in 2001.", "Sunny Day Real Estate __knowledge__ The band reunited again in 2009.", "Sunny Day Real Estate __knowledge__ Bassist Nate Mendel, who chose to remain with Foo Fighters during the previous reunion in 1997, took part in this reunion.", "Emo __knowledge__ Emo is a rock music genre characterized by an emphasis on emotional expression, sometimes through confessional lyrics.", "Emo __knowledge__ It emerged as a style of from the hardcore punk movement in Washington, D.C., where it was known as emotional hardcore or emocore and pioneered by bands such as Rites of Spring and Embrace.", "Emo __knowledge__ In the early 1990s, emo was adopted and reinvented by alternative rock, indie rock and pop punk bands such as Sunny Day Real Estate, Jawbreaker, Weezer and Jimmy Eat World.", "Emo __knowledge__ By the bands such as Braid, the Promise Ring and the Get Up Kids emerged from the burgeoning Midwest emo scene, and several independent record labels began to specialize in the genre.", "William Goldsmith __knowledge__ William Goldsmith (born July 4, 1972) is an American drummer best known for being with Sunny Day Real Estate and his tenure with Foo Fighters.", "William Goldsmith __knowledge__ Currently drumming for Brawley Banks, he has toured with Mike Watt, IQU, and has recorded and played live with many other bands and artists.", "William Goldsmith __knowledge__ Goldsmith was born in Seattle, Washington to Hugh and Skitty Goldsmith.", "William Goldsmith __knowledge__ He began playing drums as a child, after being introduced by his older brother to bands such as The Beatles, Led Zeppelin, Elvis Costello and the Attractions and Talking Heads.", "William Goldsmith __knowledge__ Goldsmith has stated that he wanted to be John Lennon, but also a drummer, and has cited Keith Moon of The Who as his biggest influence on the instrument.", "Book of Love (band) __knowledge__ Book of Love is an American synthpop and electronic band, formed in 1983 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and later based out of New York City.", "Book of Love (band) __knowledge__ Led by vocalist Susan Ottaviano, the band also includes keyboardists Ted Ottaviano (no relation to Susan), Lauren Roselli and Jade Lee.", "Book of Love (band) __knowledge__ The band gained its first exposure as the opening act for two Depeche Mode tours in 1985 and 1986.", "Book of Love (band) __knowledge__ The group has been described by the \"Houston Press\" as \"forward thinking\" for lyrics dealing with sexual orientation and gender roles.", "Book of Love (band) __knowledge__ Their biggest success came on the US dance charts, placing seven singles in the \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Play chart between 1985 and 1993.", "Circa Survive __knowledge__ Circa Survive is an American rock band from the Philadelphia suburb of Doylestown, formed in 2004.", "Circa Survive __knowledge__ The band, led by Anthony Green, consists of former members from Saosin, This Day Forward, and Taken.", "Circa Survive __knowledge__ Circa Survive quickly made a name for themselves in the indie music scene in little over two years with their 2005 debut album, \"Juturna\", and second album, \"On Letting Go\", released in 2007.", "Circa Survive __knowledge__ Both albums were released on Equal Vision Records.", "Circa Survive __knowledge__ Their third album, \"Blue Sky Noise\", was released via Atlantic Records in 2010, to critical acclaim.", "Circa Survive __knowledge__ After parting ways with Atlantic Records, the band's fourth album, \"Violent Waves\", was released independently in 2012.", "Nate Mendel __knowledge__ Nathan Gregor \"Nate\" Mendel (born December 2, 1968) is an American musician for the bands Foo Fighters, The Jealous Sound, Sunny Day Real Estate, and The Fire Theft.", "Nate Mendel __knowledge__ In 2015, he announced he is the singer, songwriter, and guitarist for his new project, Lieutenant.", "Nate Mendel __knowledge__ Mendel was born on December 2, 1968, in Richland, a mid-sized city in southeast Washington.", "Nate Mendel __knowledge__ His first instrument was the violin.", "Nate Mendel __knowledge__ As at the age of 13, Mendel started to get interested in rock music and joining a band, a friend who played guitar suggested him to play bass guitar.", "Nate Mendel __knowledge__ Mendel stated that \"as I picked up that bass guitar I went on a 20-year detour into punk\", helped by his town usually having concerts of DIY punk bands such as Scream.", "Jeremy Enigk __knowledge__ Jeremy Enigk (; born July 16, 1974) is an American singer-songwriter, vocalist and guitarist / multi-instrumentalist.", "Jeremy Enigk __knowledge__ He is known as a solo artist, a film score composer, and as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and keyboardist (and bassist between 1999 and 2001) of the Seattle-based bands Sunny Day Real Estate and The Fire Theft.", "Jeremy Enigk __knowledge__ Enigk was born in Seattle, Washington, to Gary E. Enigk and Sherry Hammond Enigk.", "Jeremy Enigk __knowledge__ In the late 1980s, Enigk was part of what would eventually become Poor Old Lu, sharing vocalist duties with Scott Hunter.", "Jeremy Enigk __knowledge__ He joined the group Sunny Day Real Estate, where he served as lead singer, co-songwriter, rhythm guitarist and keyboardist.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Have a nice day is a commonly spoken expression used to conclude a conversation (whether brief or extensive), or end a message by hoping the person to whom it is addressed experiences a pleasant day.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Since it is often uttered by service employees to customers at the end of a transaction, particularly in Israel and the United States, its repetitious and dutiful usage has resulted in the phrase developing, according to some journalists and scholars, especially outside of these two countries, a cultural connotation of impersonality, lack of interest, passive–aggressive behavior, or sarcasm.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ The phrase is generally not used in Europe, as some find it artificial or even offensive.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song) __knowledge__ \"Have a Nice Day\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song) __knowledge__ Written, composed and produced by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, and John Shanks, \"Have a Nice Day\" was the first single released from the band's 2005 album of the same name.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song) __knowledge__ The overall message of the song can be taken several ways, but reflects an overall theme of both tolerance and defiance, and its title has a discordant effect from its message.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song) __knowledge__ Musically, the song features a propulsive blast of power chords, drum beats, and sneering vocals, as well as choruses and hooks similar to Bon Jovi's previous material.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi song) __knowledge__ It received a positive reception from critics, some of whom praised the song's arrangement and message; both favorable and unfavorable comparisons were made to the band's previous hit \"It's My Life\".", "Have a Nice Day (Roxette album) __knowledge__ Have a Nice Day is the sixth studio album by Swedish pop duo Roxette, released worldwide from 17 February 1999 by Roxette Recordings and EMI.", "Have a Nice Day (Roxette album) __knowledge__ Recorded over an 18-month period in studios in Sweden and Spain, the album was produced by Marie Fredriksson, Per Gessle, Clarence Öfwerman and Michael Ilbert, and was their first studio album since \"Crash!", "Have a Nice Day (Roxette album) __knowledge__ Boom!", "Have a Nice Day (Roxette album) __knowledge__ Bang!\"", "Have a Nice Day (Roxette album) __knowledge__ in 1994.", "Have a Nice Day (Roxette album) __knowledge__ The album was not released in the US, as the duo were no longer signed to a label there.", "Have a Nice Day (Roxette album) __knowledge__ A deluxe edition was released in Spanish-speaking territories and, in Arabian regions, the naked babies on the cover were digitally removed, due to religious concerns.", "Malaysian hip hop __knowledge__ The Malaysian hip hop scene started in the 1990s with rap groups such as KRU, 4U2C, NICO, Naughtius Maximus, but their so-called \"rap music\" wasn't accepted by the mainstream community and so they had to change to a more pop-ish sound.At around the same time, another group called Krash Kozz were the only group to introduce the new jack swing hip hop sound to Malaysian listeners, but they disbanded after their third album.", "Malaysian hip hop __knowledge__ And in 1991, hqa released baguvix, which was lit.", "Malaysian hip hop __knowledge__ Those were trying times, when the pioneers of the local hip hop scene were trying hard to break monotony of rock music, love ballads and pop sounds, which are staples in the Malaysian music scene, with the fans of these genres refusing to accept this new form of music.", "Mick Foley __knowledge__ Michael Francis \"Mick\" Foley Sr. (born June 7, 1965) is a retired American professional wrestler and color commentator currently signed to WWE.", "Mick Foley __knowledge__ Foley has worked for many wrestling promotions, including the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and Global Wrestling Federation (GWF), as well as numerous promotions in Japan.", "Mick Foley __knowledge__ Foley is widely regarded as one of the greatest wrestlers in the history of WWE, where he participated in the main event of WrestleManias XV and 2000 – as a special guest referee in the former.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi album) __knowledge__ Have a Nice Day is the ninth studio album by American rock band Bon Jovi, released on September 20, 2005.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi album) __knowledge__ Produced by John Shanks, the album was recorded at Sanctuary Sound II in New Jersey, and Ocean Way Recording in Hollywood, California.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi album) __knowledge__ \"Have A Nice Day\" was originally recorded in the summer of 2004 and planned for release in early 2005.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi album) __knowledge__ However, due to misunderstandings between the band and its record company, the album was delayed.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi album) __knowledge__ The band wanted to write and record more songs, remove others from the original track list, and in the process, altered existing album tracks.", "Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi album) __knowledge__ \"Have A Nice Day\" ranked number one in its debut, in 15 countries.", "Have a Nice Day (Stereophonics song) __knowledge__ \"Have a Nice Day\" is the second single from rock band the Stereophonics taken from their third album \"Just Enough Education to Perform\".", "Have a Nice Day (Stereophonics song) __knowledge__ Produced by Steve Bush and Marshall Bird, it was released on 11 June 2001.", "Have a Nice Day (Stereophonics song) __knowledge__ The song received negative reviews but the single reached number five in the UK charts and went on to be a bigger success than its predecessor and subsequently one of their biggest hits.", "Have a Nice Day (Stereophonics song) __knowledge__ The lyrics for \"Have a Nice Day\" are based on a cab fare Stereophonics took in San Francisco Bay when they were touring in the United States.", "Have a Nice Day (Stereophonics song) __knowledge__ When the band got in the back of the cab the driver said to them, \"I hate this place, it's full of tourists and processed fish\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ A scooter (also referred to as a motor scooter to avoid confusion with kick scooter) is a type of motorcycle with step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Elements of scooter design have been present in some of the earliest motorcycles, and motorcycles identifiable as scooters have been made from 1914 or earlier.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Scooter development continued in Europe and the United States between the World Wars.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The global popularity of scooters dates from the post-World War II introductions of the Vespa and the Lambretta.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ These scooters were intended to provide economical personal transportation (engines from ).", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The original layout is still widely used in this application.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Maxi-scooters, with engines from have been developed for Western markets.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Scooters are popular for personal transport, partly due to being more affordable, easy to operate and convenient to park and store.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Licensing requirements for scooters are easier and cheaper than for cars in most parts of the world, and insurance is usually cheaper.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ A motor scooter is a motorcycle similar to a kick scooter with a seat, a floorboard, and small or low wheels.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The United States Department of Transportation defines a scooter as a motorcycle that has a platform for the operator's feet or has integrated footrests, and has a step-through architecture.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Rama language __knowledge__ Rama is one of the indigenous languages of the Chibchan family spoken by the Rama people on the island of Rama Cay and south of lake Bluefields on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua.", "Rama language __knowledge__ Other indigenous languages of this region include Miskito and Sumu .", "Rama language __knowledge__ Rama is one of the northernmost languages of the Chibchan family .", "Rama language __knowledge__ The Rama language is severely endangered.", "Rama language __knowledge__ Their language was described as \"dying quickly for lack of use\" as early as the 1860s .", "Rama language __knowledge__ By 1980, the Rama were noted as having \"all but lost their original ethnic language\", and had become speakers of a form of English creole instead .", "Rama language __knowledge__ In 1992, only approximately 36 fluent speakers could be found among an ethnic population of 649 individuals in 1992 .", "Nah Cardoso __knowledge__ Natalia de Barros Cardoso (born 22 March 1993) is a Brazilian actress, blogger, and YouTuber with more than 6 million followers on social networks, her blogs are a fashion reference for many young people.", "Nah Cardoso __knowledge__ In 2016 she was named one of the celebrities on the Notorious Brazil's list.", "Nah Cardoso __knowledge__ Natalia de Barros Cardoso, known only as Nah Cardoso, is an actress, blogger and YouTuber, Nah Cardoso is one of the most influential personalities of the Internet in Brazil.", "Nah Cardoso __knowledge__ In 2013 Nah Cardoso had 200,000 followers on Instagram, today she has over 5 million and 700 thousand followers.", "Nah Cardoso __knowledge__ \"Nah Cardoso rose on the internet and won thousands of fans with her charisma, transmitted through her photos, phrases and videos posted on social networks\" says Natalia in a blog.", "Sodium hydride __knowledge__ Sodium hydride is the chemical compound with the empirical formula NaH.", "Sodium hydride __knowledge__ This alkali metal hydride is primarily used as a strong, yet combustible base in organic synthesis.", "Sodium hydride __knowledge__ NaH is representative of the saline hydrides, meaning it is a salt-like hydride, composed of Na and H ions, in contrast to the more molecular hydrides such as borane, methane, ammonia and water.", "Sodium hydride __knowledge__ It is an ionic material that is insoluble in organic solvents (although soluble in molten Na), consistent with the fact that H remains an unknown anion in solution.", "Sodium hydride __knowledge__ Because of the insolubility of NaH, all reactions involving NaH occur at the surface of the solid.", "Hobby __knowledge__ A hobby is a regular activity that is done for enjoyment, typically during one's leisure time.", "Hobby __knowledge__ Hobbies can include collecting themed items and objects, engaging in creative and artistic pursuits, playing sports, or pursuing other amusements.", "Hobby __knowledge__ A list of hobbies is lengthy and always changing as interests and fashions change.", "Hobby __knowledge__ By continually participating in a particular hobby, one can acquire substantial skills and knowledge in that area.", "Hobby __knowledge__ Engagement in hobbies has increased since the late nineteenth century as workers have more leisure time and advancing production and technology have provided more support for leisure activities.", "You Can't Take It with You (play) __knowledge__ You Can't Take It with You is a comedic play in three acts by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart.", "You Can't Take It with You (play) __knowledge__ The original production of the play premiered on Broadway in 1936, and played for 838 performances.", "You Can't Take It with You (play) __knowledge__ The play won the 1937 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, and was adapted for the screen as \"You Can't Take It with You\", which won the Academy Award for Best Picture and Best Director.", "You Can't Take It with You (play) __knowledge__ The story takes place entirely in the large house of a slightly batty New York City family.", "You Can't Take It with You (play) __knowledge__ Various characters in the lives of the Vanderhof-Sycamore-Carmichael clan are introduced in the first act.", "You Can't Take It with You (play) __knowledge__ The patriarch of the family, Grandpa Vanderhof, an eccentric old man who keeps snakes and has never paid his income tax.", "Je t'aime... moi non plus __knowledge__ \"Je t'aime… moi non plus\" (French for \"I love you… neither do I\") is a song written by Serge Gainsbourg, for Brigitte Bardot in 1967, who dueted in an early version not released until 1986.", "Je t'aime... moi non plus __knowledge__ In 1969, Gainsbourg recorded the most well known version with Jane Birkin.", "Je t'aime... moi non plus __knowledge__ The duet reached number one in the UK, and number two in Ireland, and was banned in several countries due to its overtly sexual content.", "Je t'aime... moi non plus __knowledge__ In 1976, Gainsbourg directed Birkin in an erotic film of the same name.", "Je t'aime... moi non plus __knowledge__ The song was written for and recorded with Gainsbourg's girlfriend, Brigitte Bardot, in late 1967.", "Je t'aime... moi non plus __knowledge__ Bardot asked him to write the most beautiful love song he could imagine and that night he wrote \"Je t'aime\" and \"Bonnie and Clyde\".", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ Floyd Joy Mayweather Jr. (born Floyd Joy Sinclair; February 24, 1977) is an American professional boxing promoter and former professional boxer.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ He competed from 1996 to 2007 and 2009 to 2015, and made a one-fight comeback in 2017.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ During his career, he held multiple world titles in five weight classes and the lineal championship in four weight classes (twice at welterweight), and retired with an undefeated record of 50–0, surpassing Rocky Marciano's record of 49–0.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. __knowledge__ As an amateur, Mayweather won a bronze medal in the featherweight division at the 1996 Olympics, three U.S. Golden Gloves championships (at light flyweight, flyweight, and featherweight), and the U.S. national championship at featherweight.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ This article describes the foreign policy positions taken by Donald Trump during his 2016 presidential campaign.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ In a \"New York Times\" interview in July 2016, Presidential Nominee Trump \"repeatedly defined American global interests almost purely in economic terms,\" with the nation's \"roles as a peacekeeper, as a provider of a nuclear deterrent against adversaries like North Korea, as an advocate of human rights and as a guarantor of allies' borders\" being \"quickly reduced to questions of economic benefit to the United States.\"", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ A 68-page document likely written by and under the direction of the Trump administration's national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H.R.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao __knowledge__ Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao, billed as The Fight of the Century, or the Battle for Greatness, was a professional boxing match between undefeated five-division world champion Floyd Mayweather Jr. and eight-division world champion Manny Pacquiao.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao __knowledge__ It took place on May 2, 2015, at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao __knowledge__ Mayweather Jr. won the contest by unanimous decision, with two judges scoring it 116–112 and the other 118–110.", "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao __knowledge__ Although the fight was considered to be one of the most anticipated sporting events in history, it was largely considered a letdown by critics and audiences alike upon its broadcast.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 1994 Senate campaign, Romney called for the \"virtual elimination\" of the federal Department of Agriculture and for reductions in farm subsidies.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In 2007, when questioned about these views, a Romney for President Iowa campaign spokesman responded: \"Governor Romney believes that investing in agriculture is key to our economy and families.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ A scooter (also referred to as a motor scooter to avoid confusion with kick scooter) is a type of motorcycle with step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Elements of scooter design have been present in some of the earliest motorcycles, and motorcycles identifiable as scooters have been made from 1914 or earlier.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Scooter development continued in Europe and the United States between the World Wars.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The global popularity of scooters dates from the post-World War II introductions of the Vespa and the Lambretta.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ These scooters were intended to provide economical personal transportation (engines from ).", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The original layout is still widely used in this application.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Maxi-scooters, with engines from have been developed for Western markets.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Scooters are popular for personal transport, partly due to being more affordable, easy to operate and convenient to park and store.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ Licensing requirements for scooters are easier and cheaper than for cars in most parts of the world, and insurance is usually cheaper.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ A motor scooter is a motorcycle similar to a kick scooter with a seat, a floorboard, and small or low wheels.", "Scooter (motorcycle) __knowledge__ The United States Department of Transportation defines a scooter as a motorcycle that has a platform for the operator's feet or has integrated footrests, and has a step-through architecture.", "Enjoy! (Descendents album) __knowledge__ Enjoy!", "Enjoy! (Descendents album) __knowledge__ is the third album by the American punk rock band the Descendents, released in 1986 through New Alliance Records and Restless Records.", "Enjoy! (Descendents album) __knowledge__ It was the band's final album with guitarist Ray Cooper and only album with bassist Doug Carrion, both of whom left the group after the album's first supporting tour.", "Enjoy! (Descendents album) __knowledge__ \"Enjoy!\"", "Enjoy! (Descendents album) __knowledge__ was marked by the use of toilet humor, with references to defecation and flatulence in its artwork, the title track, and \"Orgofart\".", "Enjoy! (Descendents album) __knowledge__ It also displayed a darker, more heavy metal-influenced sound in the songs \"Hürtin' Crüe\", \"Days Are Blood\", and \"Orgo 51\".", "Enjoy! (Descendents album) __knowledge__ Reviewers were critical of both the scatological humor and the heavier songs on the album.", "Enjoy the Arts __knowledge__ Enjoy the Arts is a 501(c) nonprofit organization located in Cincinnati, Ohio.", "Enjoy the Arts __knowledge__ Founded in 1981 by socialite Irma Lazarus and Phyllis Weston, Enjoy the Arts aimed to connect young audiences with Cincinnati's arts, culture and entertainment.", "Enjoy the Arts __knowledge__ In 2017, Enjoy the Arts merged with ArtsWave, Greater Cincinnati's local arts agency and the nation's first and largest community campaign for the arts.", "Enjoy the Arts __knowledge__ The original organization made its mark as Young Friends of the Arts in the 1960s.", "Enjoy the Arts __knowledge__ Inspired to introduce the University of Cincinnati’s College Conservatory of Music students to the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra with Phyllis Weston and Irma Lazarus as co-founders of the organization.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ In the Gregorian calendar, New Year's Eve (also known as Old Year's Day or Saint Sylvester's Day in many countries), the last day of the year, is on 31 December which is the seventh day of Christmastide.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ In many countries, New Year's Eve is celebrated at evening social gatherings, where many people dance, eat, drink alcoholic beverages, and watch or light fireworks to mark the new year.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ Some Christians attend a watchnight service.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ The celebrations generally go on past midnight into New Year's Day, 1 January.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ Samoa, Tonga and Kiritimati (Christmas Island), part of Kiribati, are the first places to welcome the New Year while American Samoa and Baker Island in the United States of America are among the last.", "Eid al-Fitr __knowledge__ Eid al-Fitr ( \"\", , Malay \"Lebaran\", \"feast of breaking the fast\") is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting (\"sawm\").", "Eid al-Fitr __knowledge__ This religious Eid (Muslim religious festival) is the first and only day in the month of Shawwal during which Muslims are not permitted to fast.", "Eid al-Fitr __knowledge__ The holiday celebrates the conclusion of the 29 or 30 days of dawn-to-sunset fasting during the entire month of Ramadan.", "Eid al-Fitr __knowledge__ The day of Eid, therefore, falls on the first day of the month of Shawwal.", "Eid al-Fitr __knowledge__ The date for the start of any lunar Hijri month varies based on the observation of new moon by local religious authorities, so the exact day of celebration varies by locality.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Enjoy the Silence __knowledge__ \"Enjoy the Silence\" is a song by the English electronic band Depeche Mode, taken from their seventh studio album, \"Violator\" (1990).", "Enjoy the Silence __knowledge__ The song was recorded in 1989 and released on 16 January 1990 as the album's second single.", "Enjoy the Silence __knowledge__ The single is Gold certificated in the US and Germany.", "Enjoy the Silence __knowledge__ The song won Best British Single at the 1991 BRIT Awards.", "Enjoy the Silence __knowledge__ \"Enjoy the Silence\" was re-released as a single in 2004 for the Depeche Mode remix project \"Remixes 81–04\", and was titled \"Enjoy the Silence (Reinterpreted)\" or, more simply, \"Enjoy the Silence 04\".", "Enjoy the Silence __knowledge__ Songwriter Martin Gore created a ballad-like first version of the song, which the band took into the studio in 1990.", "Enjoy Yourself (Kylie Minogue album) __knowledge__ Enjoy Yourself is the second studio album by Australian pop singer Kylie Minogue.", "Enjoy Yourself (Kylie Minogue album) __knowledge__ It was released by PWL on 9 October 1989.", "Enjoy Yourself (Kylie Minogue album) __knowledge__ In the United States, it was released in 1990 by Geffen Records and was Minogue's last album released in the region until her eighth studio album \"Fever\" (2001).", "Enjoy Yourself (Kylie Minogue album) __knowledge__ The album was produced and written by Stock Aitken Waterman, with the exception of \"Tears on My Pillow\".", "Enjoy Yourself (Kylie Minogue album) __knowledge__ It has been noted that the album is very similar to Minogue's debut album, \"Kylie\".", "Enjoy Yourself (Kylie Minogue album) __knowledge__ There were four singles released from the album.", "Enjoy Yourself (Kylie Minogue album) __knowledge__ The debut single was \"Hand on Your Heart\", which had charting success, peaking at number four in Australia and number one in the United Kingdom.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement is a defence procurement project of the Canadian government to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), a process started in 1997.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The F-35 procurement has been a source of considerable controversy in public policy circles in Canada since the federal government announced its intention to purchase the aircraft in 2010.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ In April 2012, with the release of a highly critical Auditor General of Canada report on the failures of the government's F-35 program, the procurement was labelled a national \"scandal\" and \"fiasco\" by the media.", "List of The Bill characters (Q–Z) __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the police drama \"The Bill\" ordered alphabetically by character surname.", "List of The Bill characters (Q–Z) __knowledge__ For a full list of characters ordered by rank, see list of \"The Bill\" characters.", "List of The Bill characters (Q–Z) __knowledge__ The characters are all police officers or civilian staff at the fictional Sun Hill police station in London.", "List of The Bill characters (Q–Z) __knowledge__ PC Dave Quinnan, like many of his colleagues, had not decided to join the police force immediately but had instead trained as an electrician and had worked on oil rigs in Aberdeen.", "List of The Bill characters (Q–Z) __knowledge__ His family is quite large and he is a good friend but he did not join the police to be a good samaritan.", "List of The Bill characters (Q–Z) __knowledge__ Instead he decided that someone had to keep the peace and hold authority and thought that it might as well be him.", "Hobby __knowledge__ A hobby is a regular activity that is done for enjoyment, typically during one's leisure time.", "Hobby __knowledge__ Hobbies can include collecting themed items and objects, engaging in creative and artistic pursuits, playing sports, or pursuing other amusements.", "Hobby __knowledge__ A list of hobbies is lengthy and always changing as interests and fashions change.", "Hobby __knowledge__ By continually participating in a particular hobby, one can acquire substantial skills and knowledge in that area.", "Hobby __knowledge__ Engagement in hobbies has increased since the late nineteenth century as workers have more leisure time and advancing production and technology have provided more support for leisure activities.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes Maria Theresa Immaculata McQueen (also Owen, Fisher and Browning) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jennifer Metcalfe.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2006 as the first character to be introduced to the series by series producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ In 2008 Metcalfe feared that the character was to be axed but was later reassured by the series producer that she would not be.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Metcalfe later stated her intention to stay with the series.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes is part of the McQueen family and is the longest serving McQueen on the series.", "Therapeutic effect __knowledge__ Therapeutic effect refers to the responses(s) after a treatment of any kind, the results of which are judged to be desirable and beneficial.", "Therapeutic effect __knowledge__ This is true whether the result was expected, unexpected, or even an unintended consequence of the treatment.", "Therapeutic effect __knowledge__ An adverse effect, including nocebo, on the other hand, refers to harmful or undesired responses(s).", "Therapeutic effect __knowledge__ What constitutes a therapeutic effect versus a side effect is a matter of both the nature of the situation in which a treatment is used and the goals of treatment.", "Therapeutic effect __knowledge__ There is no inherent difference between therapeutic and undesired side effects; both responses are behavioral/physiologic changes which occur as a response to the treatment strategy or agent.", "White Album 2 __knowledge__ The gameplay in \"White Album 2\" requires minimal interaction from the player as the player spends the majority of their time on reading the text that is displayed at the bottom of the screen.", "White Album 2 __knowledge__ Unlike other visual novels, there is only one ending in \"Introductory Chapter\" and there are no choices for the player to select.", "White Album 2 __knowledge__ The player's only interaction during the \"introductory chapter\" and \"mini after story\" with the game is to click a button to advance the game by rolling the next line of text onto the screen, while both \"closing chapter\" and \"coda\" requires comprehensive multiple choice questions to handle the trend of the plot development." ] ]

[ 0, 88, 0, 0, 35, 0 ]

[ "Hi I'm doing well! Are you a fan of motorcycles? ", "I used to have a dirt bike, but don't anymore either. Some of my family ride in groups and events. ", "Yes I think it's always great to get out and enjoy being oustide. Espically on a nice day! How about you?", "Yeah I can agree with that. You never know what could happen. But, there are classes available to make sure you're up on safety. Maybe it would be good to attend one someday.", "That's totally understandable. Hobbies definitely change over the years. It's always great to find what makes you happiest!", "You as well! Thank you!" ]

[ "Scooter (motorcycle)", "Scooter (motorcycle)", "Scooter (motorcycle)", "Scooter (motorcycle)", "Scooter (motorcycle)", "Scooter (motorcycle)" ]

[ "Rose\nHello. I love Roses and gardening. Do you know anything about Roses?", "Yes they do! Did you know that there is fossil evidence that they found from 35 million years ago?", "The colors are amazing. There are over 150 species spread throughout the Northern Hemisphere, from Alaska to Mexico, including Africa.", "Thank you. I do love them. They believe that roses were cultivated some 5,000 years ago, probably in China. Where else!", "Most of the long stem roses sold in the US actually come from South America, and most of those roses come from Ecuador. Roses grow perfectly straight the closer to the Equator." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Numerous cultivars have been produced, especially over the last two centuries, though roses have been known in the garden for millennia beforehand.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ While most garden roses are grown for their flowers, some are also valued for other reasons, such as having ornamental fruit, providing ground cover, or for hedging.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ It is believed that roses were grown in all the early civilisations of temperate latitudes from at least 5000 years ago.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ In the Roman Empire, Rosalia or Rosaria was a festival of roses celebrated on various dates, primarily in May, but scattered through mid-July.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ The observance is sometimes called a rosatio (\"rose-adornment\") or the dies rosationis, \"day of rose-adornment,\" and could be celebrated also with violets \"(violatio\", an adorning with violets, also \"dies violae\" or \"dies violationis\", \"day of the \").", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ As a commemoration of the dead, the \"rosatio\" developed from the custom of placing flowers at burial sites.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ It was among the extensive private religious practices by means of which the Romans cared for their dead, reflecting the value placed on tradition \"(mos maiorum\", \"the way of the ancestors\"), family lineage, and memorials ranging from simple inscriptions to grand public works.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ The Not in This Lifetime... Tour is an ongoing concert tour by hard rock band Guns N' Roses.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ It features classic lineup members Axl Rose, Slash and Duff McKagan, marking the first time since the Use Your Illusion Tour in 1993 that the three performed together.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ After the previous tour in 2014, guitarists DJ Ashba & Ron \"Bumblefoot\" Thal, bassist Tommy Stinson and keyboardist Chris Pitman left Guns N' Roses, leaving the band with several open spots.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ Former members Slash and McKagan rejoined the band and Melissa Reese joined as keyboardist.", "Not in This Lifetime... Tour __knowledge__ The group embarked on the world tour that spanned several continents, with 148 shows performed or scheduled so far.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "The Stone Roses __knowledge__ The Stone Roses are an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1983.", "The Stone Roses __knowledge__ They were one of the pioneering groups of the Madchester movement that was active during the late 1980s and early 1990s.", "The Stone Roses __knowledge__ The band's most prominent lineup consists of vocalist Ian Brown, guitarist John Squire, bassist Mani, and drummer Reni.", "The Stone Roses __knowledge__ The band released their debut album, \"The Stone Roses\", in 1989.", "The Stone Roses __knowledge__ The album was a breakthrough success for the band and garnered critical acclaim, with many critics regarding it as one of the greatest British albums ever recorded.", "The Stone Roses __knowledge__ At this time the group decided to capitalise on their success by signing to a major label.", "Marie Henrieta Chotek __knowledge__ Countess Henrieta Hermína Rudolfína Ferdinanda Marie Antonie Anna Chotková of Chotkov and Vojnín – (known as \"Marie Henrieta Chotek\" - ) - (1863–1946), also known as \"the countess of roses\" was a grower of roses, who established the rosarium of Dolná Krupá (Slovakia), The village of Dolná Krupá (, ) is located in the Danubian Hills at the foot of the Little Carpathians in the Krupá River valley.", "Marie Henrieta Chotek __knowledge__ The development of the Dolná Krupá estate started when it entered in the possession of Michael II Brunswick (1671–1719) as he married Mária Terézia Vitalisová, the newlyweds choosing the property as their residence." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 231 million years ago, although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201 million years ago; their dominance continued through the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ The fossil record indicates that birds are modern feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the late Jurassic Period.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ As such, birds were the only dinosaur lineage to survive the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ Evidence of common descent of living organisms has been discovered by scientists researching in a variety of disciplines over many decades, demonstrating that all life on Earth comes from a single ancestor.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ This forms an important part of the evidence on which evolutionary theory rests, demonstrates that evolution does occur, and illustrates the processes that created Earth's biodiversity.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ It supports the modern evolutionary synthesis—the current scientific theory that explains how and why life changes over time.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ Evolutionary biologists document evidence of common descent, all the way back to the last universal common ancestor, by developing testable predictions, testing hypotheses, and constructing theories that illustrate and describe its causes.", "Evolution of mammals __knowledge__ The evolution of mammals has passed through many stages since the first appearance of their synapsid ancestors in the late Carboniferous period.", "Evolution of mammals __knowledge__ The most ancestral forms in the class Mammalia are the egg-laying mammals in the subclass Prototheria.", "Evolution of mammals __knowledge__ This class first started out as something close to the platypus and evolved to modern day mammals.", "Evolution of mammals __knowledge__ By the mid-Triassic, there were many synapsid species that looked like mammals.", "Evolution of mammals __knowledge__ The lineage leading to today's mammals split up in the Jurassic; synapsids from this period include \"Dryolestes\", more closely related to extant placentals and marsupials than to monotremes, as well as \"Ambondro\", more closely related to monotremes.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ The earliest migrations and expansions of archaic and modern humans across continents began 2 million years ago with the migration out of Africa of \"Homo erectus\", followed by other archaic humans including \"H. heidelbergensis\", the likely ancestor of both anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals, around 500,000 years ago.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ Within Africa, \"Homo sapiens\" diverged around the time of its speciation, roughly 300,000 years ago.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ The \"recent African origin\" paradigm suggests that the anatomically modern humans outside of Africa descend from a population of \"Homo sapiens\" migrating from East Africa after roughly 70,000 years ago and spread along the southern coast of Asia and to Oceania before 50,000 years ago.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The woolly mammoth (\"Mammuthus primigenius\") is an extinct species of mammoth that lived during the Pleistocene epoch, and was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with \"Mammuthus subplanifrons\" in the early Pliocene.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The woolly mammoth diverged from the steppe mammoth about 400,000 years ago in East Asia.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ Its closest extant relative is the Asian elephant.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The appearance and behaviour of this species are among the best studied of any prehistoric animal because of the discovery of frozen carcasses in Siberia and Alaska, as well as skeletons, teeth, stomach contents, dung, and depiction from life in prehistoric cave paintings.", "Homo erectus __knowledge__ Homo erectus (meaning \"upright man\") is an extinct species of archaic humans that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological epoch.", "Homo erectus __knowledge__ Its earliest fossil evidence dates to 1.9 million years ago.", "Homo erectus __knowledge__ It likely originated in East Africa and spread from there, beginning 1.8 million years ago, migrating throughout Eurasia.", "Homo erectus __knowledge__ There is an ongoing debate regarding the classification, ancestry, and progeny of \"Homo erectus\", especially in relation to \"Homo ergaster\", with two major positions: 1) \"H. erectus\" is the same species as \"H. ergaster\", and thereby \"H. erectus\" is a direct ancestor of the later hominins including \"Homo heidelbergensis\", \"Homo neanderthalensis\", and \"Homo sapiens\"; or, 2) it is in fact an Asian species distinct from African \"H. ergaster\".", "Thorns, spines, and prickles __knowledge__ In plant morphology, thorns, spines, and prickles, and in general spinose structures (sometimes called \"spinose teeth\" or \"spinose apical processes\"), are hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically deterring animals from eating the plant material.", "Thorns, spines, and prickles __knowledge__ In common language the terms are used more or less interchangeably, but in botanical terms, thorns are derived from shoots (so that they may or may not be branched, they may or may not have leaves, and they may or may not arise from a bud), spines are derived from leaves (either the entire leaf or some part of the leaf that has vascular bundles inside, like the petiole or a stipule), and prickles are derived from epidermis tissue (so that they can be found anywhere on the plant and do not have vascular bundles inside).", "Environmental control system (aircraft) __knowledge__ The environmental control system (ECS) of an aircraft provides air supply, thermal control and cabin pressurization for the crew and passengers.", "Environmental control system (aircraft) __knowledge__ Avionics cooling, smoke detection, and fire suppression are also commonly considered part of an aircraft's environmental control system.", "Environmental control system (aircraft) __knowledge__ The systems described below are specific to current production Boeing airliners, although the details are essentially identical for passenger jets from Airbus and other companies.", "Environmental control system (aircraft) __knowledge__ An exception was Concorde which had a supplementary air supply system fitted due to the higher altitudes at which it flew, and also the slightly higher cabin pressure it employed.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Bleed Like Me (song) __knowledge__ \"Bleed Like Me\" is a song by American alternative rock band Garbage.", "Bleed Like Me (song) __knowledge__ It was released as an airplay-only single from their fourth album, \"Bleed Like Me\", in May 2005.", "Bleed Like Me (song) __knowledge__ Following on from the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 success of lead single \"Why Do You Love Me\", \"Bleed Like Me\" was released by Geffen Records imprint Almo Sounds as the second North American single from the album.", "Bleed Like Me (song) __knowledge__ As an airplay-only track, \"Bleed Like Me\" reached the Modern Rock Tracks top thirty; four months later, remixes by DJ Eric Kupper received enough nightclub spins to peak in the top ten of the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart.", "Bleed Like Me (song) __knowledge__ In 2007, \"Bleed Like Me\" was remastered and included on Garbage's greatest hits album \"Absolute Garbage\".", "Ĥ __knowledge__ Ĥ, or ĥ is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiceless velar fricative or voiceless uvular fricative .", "Ĥ __knowledge__ Its name in Esperanto is \"ĥo\" (pronounced ).", "Ĥ __knowledge__ It is also used in the revised Demers/Blanchet/St Onge orthography for Chinook Jargon.", "Ĥ __knowledge__ In the case of the minuscule, some fonts place the circumflex centred above the entire base letter h, others over the riser of the letter, and others over the shoulder.", "Ĥ __knowledge__ Ĥ was always the least used Esperanto letter (though it usually has more dictionary entries than ĵ), and most of its uses are in Greek etyms, where it represented chi.", "Ĥ __knowledge__ Since the latter is pronounced [k] in most languages, neologistic equivalents soon appeared in which \"ĥ\" was replaced by \"k\", such as \"teĥniko\"→ \"tekniko\" (\"technology\") and \"ĥemio\"→ \"kemio\" (\"chemistry\").", "Bleed American __knowledge__ Bleed American is the fourth studio album by American rock band Jimmy Eat World, released on July 24, 2001, by DreamWorks Records.", "Bleed American __knowledge__ Originally released as \"Bleed American\", it was re-released as Jimmy Eat World following the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington, D.C., which took place less than two months after its initial release.", "Bleed American __knowledge__ The album was recorded with producer Mark Trombino in Los Angeles.", "Bleed American __knowledge__ The musical style was more direct and accessible than its predecessor, \"Clarity\" (1999), and received great commercial success.", "Bleed American __knowledge__ \"Bleed American\" yielded four singles: \"Bleed American\", \"The Middle\", \"Sweetness\", and \"A Praise Chorus\"; and they all managed to enter the top twenty of the US charts." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem.", "Age of Discovery __knowledge__ The Age of Discovery, or the Age of Exploration (approximately from the beginning of the 15th century until the end of the 18th century) is an informal and loosely defined term for the period in European history in which extensive overseas exploration emerged as a powerful factor in European culture and was the beginning of globalization.", "Age of Discovery __knowledge__ It also marks the rise of the period of widespread adoption in Europe of colonialism and mercantilism as national policies.", "Age of Discovery __knowledge__ Many lands previously unknown to Europeans were discovered by them during this period, though most were already inhabited.", "Age of Discovery __knowledge__ From the perspective of many non-Europeans, the Age of Discovery marked the arrival of invaders from previously unknown continents.", "Hockey stick graph __knowledge__ Hockey stick graphs present the global or hemispherical mean temperature record of the past 500 to 2000 years as shown by quantitative climate reconstructions based on climate proxy records.", "Hockey stick graph __knowledge__ These reconstructions have consistently shown a slow long term cooling trend changing into relatively rapid warming in the 20th century, with the instrumental temperature record by 2000 exceeding earlier temperatures.", "Hockey stick graph __knowledge__ The term \"hockey stick graph\" was popularized by the climatologist Jerry Mahlman, to describe the pattern shown by the (MBH99) reconstruction, envisaging a graph that is relatively flat with a downward trend to 1900 as forming an ice hockey stick's \"shaft\" followed by a sharp, steady increase corresponding to the \"blade\" portion.", "Bird migration __knowledge__ Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds.", "Bird migration __knowledge__ Many species of bird migrate.", "Bird migration __knowledge__ Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food.", "Bird migration __knowledge__ It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funneled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea.", "Bird migration __knowledge__ Migration of species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows was recorded as many as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors, including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ The northern goshawk (Old English: \"gōsheafoc\", \"goose-hawk\"), Accipiter gentilis, is a medium-large raptor in the family Accipitridae, which also includes other extant diurnal raptors, such as eagles, buzzards and harriers.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ As a species in the \"Accipiter\" genus, the goshawk is often considered a \"true hawk\".", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ The scientific name is Latin; \"Accipiter\" is \"hawk\", from \"accipere\", \"to grasp\", and \"gentilis\" is \"noble\" or \"gentle\" because in the Middle Ages only the nobility were permitted to fly goshawks for falconry.", "Northern goshawk __knowledge__ This species was first described under its current scientific name by Linnaeus in his \"Systema naturae\" in 1758.", "Winter __knowledge__ Winter is the coldest season of the year in polar and temperate zones (winter does not occur in the tropical zone).", "Winter __knowledge__ It occurs after autumn and before spring in each year.", "Winter __knowledge__ Winter is caused by the axis of the Earth in that hemisphere being oriented away from the Sun.", "Winter __knowledge__ Different cultures define different dates as the start of winter, and some use a definition based on weather.", "Winter __knowledge__ When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.", "Winter __knowledge__ In many regions, winter is associated with snow and freezing temperatures.", "Winter __knowledge__ The moment of winter solstice is when the sun's elevation with respect to the North or South Pole is at its most negative value (that is, the sun is at its farthest below the horizon as measured from the pole).", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.", "2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves __knowledge__ The 2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves included severe heat waves that impacted most of the United States, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Hong Kong, North Africa and the European continent as a whole, along with parts of Canada, Russia, Indochina, South Korea and Japan during May, June, July, and August 2010.", "2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves __knowledge__ The first phase of the global heatwaves was caused by a moderate El Niño event, which lasted from June 2009 to May 2010.", "2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves __knowledge__ The first phase lasted only from April 2010 to June 2010, and caused only moderate above average temperatures in the areas affected.", "2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves __knowledge__ But it also set new record high temperatures for most of the area affected, in the Northern Hemisphere.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Color term __knowledge__ A color term (or color name) is a word or phrase that refers to a specific color.", "Color term __knowledge__ The color term may refer to human perception of that color (which is affected by visual context) which is usually defined according to the Munsell color system, or to an underlying physical property (such as a specific wavelength of visible light).", "Color term __knowledge__ There are also numerical systems of color specification, referred to as color spaces.", "Color term __knowledge__ An important distinction must be established between color and shape, these two attributes usually are used in conjunction with one another when describing in language.", "Color term __knowledge__ For example, being labeled as alternative parts of speech terms color term and shape term.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ It is a p–n junction diode that emits light when activated.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ LEDs are typically small (less than 1 mm) and integrated optical components may be used to shape the radiation pattern.", "Light-emitting diode __knowledge__ Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared light.", "Color __knowledge__ Color (American English) or colour (Commonwealth English) is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color \"categories\", with names such as red, blue, yellow, green, orange, or purple.", "Color __knowledge__ This perception of color derives from the stimulation of cone cells in the human eye by electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of light.", "Color __knowledge__ Color categories and physical specifications of color are associated with objects through the wavelength of the light that is reflected from them.", "Color __knowledge__ This reflection is governed by the object's physical properties such as light absorption, emission spectra, etc.", "Konqi __knowledge__ Konqi is the mascot of KDE.", "Konqi __knowledge__ He is a cheerful green cartoon dragon.", "Konqi __knowledge__ He was first introduced In April 1999, as the new animated assistant of KDE Help Center and later became KDE's mascot in version 3.x.", "Konqi __knowledge__ Recognized as part of the KDE community's identity, he appears in KDE software's about dialogue, printed materials, conference presentations, as well as on many of KDE's websites.", "Konqi __knowledge__ His former version was designed by Stefan Spatz and the current version was designed by Tyson Tan.", "Konqi __knowledge__ Konqi's full name is Konqi Konqueror.", "Konqi __knowledge__ The name was chosen after Konqueror, KDE's default web browser, which was also at the time, KDE's default file manager.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Numerous cultivars have been produced, especially over the last two centuries, though roses have been known in the garden for millennia beforehand.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ While most garden roses are grown for their flowers, some are also valued for other reasons, such as having ornamental fruit, providing ground cover, or for hedging.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ It is believed that roses were grown in all the early civilisations of temperate latitudes from at least 5000 years ago." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ The earliest migrations and expansions of archaic and modern humans across continents began 2 million years ago with the migration out of Africa of \"Homo erectus\", followed by other archaic humans including \"H. heidelbergensis\", the likely ancestor of both anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals, around 500,000 years ago.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ Within Africa, \"Homo sapiens\" diverged around the time of its speciation, roughly 300,000 years ago.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ The \"recent African origin\" paradigm suggests that the anatomically modern humans outside of Africa descend from a population of \"Homo sapiens\" migrating from East Africa after roughly 70,000 years ago and spread along the southern coast of Asia and to Oceania before 50,000 years ago.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.", "Lake Manly __knowledge__ Lake Manly was a pluvial lake in Death Valley, California.", "Lake Manly __knowledge__ The lake covered much of Death Valley with a surface area of during the so-called \"Blackwelder stand\".", "Lake Manly __knowledge__ Water levels varied through the history of the lake, and the chronology is further complicated by active tectonic processes that have modified the elevations of the various shorelines of Lake Manly; during the Blackwelder stage they reached above sea level.", "Lake Manly __knowledge__ The lake received water mainly from the Amargosa River and at various points from the Mojave River and Owens River.", "Lake Manly __knowledge__ The lake and its substantial catchment favoured the spread of a number of aquatic species; the spread of some lizards, pupfish and springsnails was aided by its waters.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The recent African origin of modern humans, also called the \"Out of Africa\" theory (OOA), recent single-origin hypothesis (RSOH), replacement hypothesis, or recent African origin model (RAO), is, in paleoanthropology, the dominant model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans (\"Homo sapiens\").", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The model proposes a single area of origin for modern humans.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The \"single-origin hypothesis\" is cited as having scientific consensus as of the mid-2000s.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ According to this model, modern humans evolved in East Africa between 400,000 and 200,000 years ago.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ There were then at least two dispersal events from Africa to the rest of the world.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ The Paleolithic (or \"Palaeolithic\") age is a prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools and covers roughly 95% of human technological prehistory.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools, probably by \"Homo habilis\" initially, 2.6 million years ago, to the end of the Pleistocene around 10,000 BP.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ The Paleolithic era is followed by the Mesolithic.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ The date of the Paleolithic–Mesolithic boundary may vary by locality as much as several thousand years.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ During the Paleolithic period, humans grouped together in small societies such as bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and fishing, hunting or scavenging wild animals.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The woolly mammoth (\"Mammuthus primigenius\") is an extinct species of mammoth that lived during the Pleistocene epoch, and was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with \"Mammuthus subplanifrons\" in the early Pliocene.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The woolly mammoth diverged from the steppe mammoth about 400,000 years ago in East Asia.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ Its closest extant relative is the Asian elephant.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The appearance and behaviour of this species are among the best studied of any prehistoric animal because of the discovery of frozen carcasses in Siberia and Alaska, as well as skeletons, teeth, stomach contents, dung, and depiction from life in prehistoric cave paintings.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Numerous cultivars have been produced, especially over the last two centuries, though roses have been known in the garden for millennia beforehand.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ While most garden roses are grown for their flowers, some are also valued for other reasons, such as having ornamental fruit, providing ground cover, or for hedging.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ It is believed that roses were grown in all the early civilisations of temperate latitudes from at least 5000 years ago.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ Chinese Democracy is the sixth studio album by American hard rock band Guns N' Roses.", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ It was released on November 23, 2008, by Geffen Records.", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ The album was the band's first studio album since \"\"The Spaghetti Incident?\"\"", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ in November 1993, and their first album of original studio material since the simultaneous releases of \"Use Your Illusion I\" and \"II\" in September 1991.", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ Although it debuted at number three on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), \"Chinese Democracy\" domestically undersold expectations.", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ It received generally favorable reviews from music critics.", "Steve Howe (musician) __knowledge__ Stephen James Howe (born 8 April 1947) is an English musician, songwriter and producer, best known as the guitarist in the rock band Yes across three stints since 1970.", "Steve Howe (musician) __knowledge__ Born in Holloway, North London, Howe developed an interest in the guitar and began to learn the instrument himself at age 12.", "Steve Howe (musician) __knowledge__ He embarked on a music career in 1964, first playing in several London-based blues, covers, and psychedelic rock bands for six years, including the Syndicats, Tomorrow, and Bodast.", "Steve Howe (musician) __knowledge__ Upon joining Yes in 1970, Howe helped to establish the band's change in sound, a change that led to their commercial and critical success." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rose __knowledge__ A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.", "Rose __knowledge__ There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars.", "Rose __knowledge__ They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.", "Rose __knowledge__ Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds.", "Rose __knowledge__ Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.", "Rose __knowledge__ Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant.", "Rose __knowledge__ Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies.", "Rose __knowledge__ Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.", "Rose __knowledge__ Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.", "Rose __knowledge__ The name \"rose\" comes from French, itself from Latin \"rosa\", which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον \"rhódon\" (Aeolic βρόδον \"wródon\"), itself borrowed from Old Persian \"wrd-\" (\"wurdi\"), related to Avestan \"varəδa\", Sogdian \"ward\", Parthian \"wâr\".", "Rose __knowledge__ The leaves are borne alternately on the stem.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ In the Roman Empire, Rosalia or Rosaria was a festival of roses celebrated on various dates, primarily in May, but scattered through mid-July.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ The observance is sometimes called a rosatio (\"rose-adornment\") or the dies rosationis, \"day of rose-adornment,\" and could be celebrated also with violets \"(violatio\", an adorning with violets, also \"dies violae\" or \"dies violationis\", \"day of the \").", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ As a commemoration of the dead, the \"rosatio\" developed from the custom of placing flowers at burial sites.", "Rosalia (festival) __knowledge__ It was among the extensive private religious practices by means of which the Romans cared for their dead, reflecting the value placed on tradition \"(mos maiorum\", \"the way of the ancestors\"), family lineage, and memorials ranging from simple inscriptions to grand public works.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ Numerous cultivars have been produced, especially over the last two centuries, though roses have been known in the garden for millennia beforehand.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ While most garden roses are grown for their flowers, some are also valued for other reasons, such as having ornamental fruit, providing ground cover, or for hedging.", "Garden roses __knowledge__ It is believed that roses were grown in all the early civilisations of temperate latitudes from at least 5000 years ago.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Where the Wild Roses Grow __knowledge__ \"Where the Wild Roses Grow\" is a duet by Australian rock band Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds and pop singer Kylie Minogue.", "Where the Wild Roses Grow __knowledge__ It is the fifth song and lead single from the band's ninth studio album, \"Murder Ballads\" (1996), released on Mute Records.", "Where the Wild Roses Grow __knowledge__ It was written by the band's frontman Nick Cave and produced by Tony Cohen and Victor Van Vugt.", "Where the Wild Roses Grow __knowledge__ The song received a positive reception from music critics and became the band's most successful single worldwide reaching No.", "Where the Wild Roses Grow __knowledge__ 3 in Norway, the top five in Australia, and the top twenty in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany and New Zealand.", "Where the Wild Roses Grow __knowledge__ It also received a limited promotional release in the United States.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ The cottage garden is a distinct style that uses informal design, traditional materials, dense plantings, and a mixture of ornamental and edible plants.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ English in origin, it depends on grace and charm rather than grandeur and formal structure.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ Homely and functional gardens connected to working-class cottages go back centuries, but their stylized reinvention occurred in 1870s England, as a reaction to the more structured, rigorously maintained estate gardens with their formal designs and mass plantings of greenhouse annuals.", "Cottage garden __knowledge__ The earliest cottage gardens were more practical than today's, with emphasis on vegetables and herbs, fruit trees, perhaps a beehive, and even livestock.", "Ecuador __knowledge__ Ecuador ( , ) (), officially the Republic of Ecuador (, which literally translates as \"Republic of the Equator\"; ), is a representative democratic republic in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.", "Ecuador __knowledge__ Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about west of the mainland.", "Ecuador __knowledge__ The capital city is Quito, while the largest city is Guayaquil.", "Ecuador __knowledge__ What is now Ecuador was home to a variety of Amerindian groups that were gradually incorporated into the Inca Empire during the 15th century.", "Ecuador __knowledge__ The territory was colonized by Spain during the 16th century, achieving independence in 1820 as part of Gran Colombia, from which it emerged as its own sovereign state in 1830.", "Rose show __knowledge__ A rose show is a horticultural exhibition focusing exclusively on roses.", "Rose show __knowledge__ Initially in the UK roses were exhibited in general flower shows such as those run by the Royal Horticultural Society.", "Rose show __knowledge__ Judges were appointed by whoever sponsored the show, and were not necessarily rosarians themselves.", "Rose show __knowledge__ The first Grand National specialty rose show was held July 1, 1858, in St. James Hall, London.", "Rose show __knowledge__ It was organized by S. Reynolds Hole, Dean of Rochester Cathedral and a prominent rosarian, Thomas Rivers, a nurseryman and publisher of the first catalog of roses (1834) in the UK, Charles Turner, a rosarian, and William Paul, a writer and nurseryman.", "Cross-cultural communication __knowledge__ Cross-cultural communication is a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavour to communicate across cultures.", "Cross-cultural communication __knowledge__ Intercultural communication is a related field of study.", "Cross-cultural communication __knowledge__ During the Cold War, the economy of the United States was largely self-contained because the world was polarized into two separate and competing powers: the East and the West.", "Cross-cultural communication __knowledge__ However, changes and advancements in economic relationships, political systems, and technological options began to break down old cultural barriers.", "Culture and positive psychology __knowledge__ Cultural differences can interact with positive psychology to create great variation, potentially impacting positive psychology interventions.", "Culture and positive psychology __knowledge__ Culture influences how people seek psychological help, their definitions of social structure, and coping strategies.", "Culture and positive psychology __knowledge__ Research shows that cultural factors affect notions of perceived happiness.", "Culture and positive psychology __knowledge__ The current general literature discusses positive psychology into two categories: Western and Eastern.", "Culture and positive psychology __knowledge__ Cultural psychologist Richard Shweder argues that these factors help shape what people deem is good, moral, and virtuous.", "Culture and positive psychology __knowledge__ Westerners seek rewards on more of a physical plane, while Easterners seek to transcend the physical plane to a spiritual one.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dimensions or contexts of musical behavior, instead of only its isolated sound component.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ The term \"ethnomusicology\" is said to have been first coined by Jaap Kunst from the Greek words ἔθνος (\"ethnos\", \"nation\") and μουσική (\"mousike\", \"music\"), is often defined as the anthropology or ethnography of music, or as musical anthropology.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ During its early development from comparative musicology in the 1950s, ethnomusicology was primarily oriented toward non-Western music, but for several decades has included the study of all and any musics of the world (including Western art music and popular music) from anthropological, sociological and intercultural perspectives.", "Comparative mythology __knowledge__ Comparative mythology is the comparison of myths from different cultures in an attempt to identify shared themes and characteristics.", "Comparative mythology __knowledge__ Comparative mythology has served a variety of academic purposes.", "Comparative mythology __knowledge__ For example, scholars have used the relationships between different myths to trace the development of religions and cultures, to propose common origins for myths from different cultures, and to support various psychological theories.", "Comparative mythology __knowledge__ The anthropologist C. Scott Littleton defined comparative mythology as \"the systematic comparison of myths and mythic themes drawn from a wide variety of cultures\".", "Comparative mythology __knowledge__ By comparing different cultures' mythologies, scholars try to identify underlying similarities and/or to reconstruct a \"protomythology\" from which those mythologies developed.", "Job interview __knowledge__ A job interview is a one-on-one interview consisting of a conversation between a job applicant and a representative of an employer which is conducted to assess whether the applicant should be hired.", "Job interview __knowledge__ Interviews are one of the most popularly used devices for employee selection.", "Job interview __knowledge__ Interviews vary in the extent to which the questions are structured, from a totally unstructured and free-wheeling conversation, to a structured interview in which an applicant is asked a predetermined list of questions in a specified order; structured interviews are usually more accurate predictors of which applicants will make good employees, according to research studies.", "Multicultural education __knowledge__ Multicultural education is a set of strategies and materials in education that were developed to assist teachers when responding to the many issues created by the rapidly changing demographics of their students.", "Multicultural education __knowledge__ It provides students with knowledge about the histories, cultures, and contributions of diverse groups; it assumes that the future society is pluralistic.", "Multicultural education __knowledge__ It draws on insights from a number of different fields, including ethnic studies and women studies, but also reinterprets content from related academic disciplines.", "Multicultural education __knowledge__ Multicultural education, also viewed as a way of teaching, promotes principles such as inclusion, diversity, democracy, skill acquisition, inquiry, critical thought, value of perspectives, and self-reflection.", "Emotions and culture __knowledge__ According to some theories, emotions are universal phenomena, albeit affected by culture.", "Emotions and culture __knowledge__ Emotions are \"internal phenomena that can, but do not always, make themselves observable through expression and behavior\".", "Emotions and culture __knowledge__ While some emotions are universal and are experienced in similar ways as a reaction to similar events across all cultures, other emotions show considerable cultural differences in their antecedent events, the way they are experienced, the reactions they provoke and the way they are perceived by the surrounding society.", "Emotions and culture __knowledge__ According to other theories, termed social constructionist, emotions are more deeply culturally influenced." ] ]

[ 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 ]

[ "Roses are very pretty aren't they? They have those sharp little prickles on them that might cause you to bleed.", "I did not know that. That is interesting! I love roses and I like that they can come in different colors like yellow and white as well as red.", "Yes most of them are native to Asia. You sure do know a lot about roses!", "I'm sure they can be found all over! They have many uses in different cultures.", "That is very interesting. I bet they are hard to grow. Some can even grow up to seven meters." ]

[ "Rose", "Rose", "Rose", "Rose", "Rose" ]

[ "Cue sports\nI play pool with my girlfriend. I hate it, but she seems to have fun beating me.", "cool. I wonder who invented the game of pool?", "wow. thats cool. what country is that?", "wow. do you think they still play pool in britain?", "wow i wonder what pool competitions exist today" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Cue sports (sometimes written cuesports), also known as billiard sports, are a wide variety of games of skill generally played with a cue stick, which is used to strike billiard balls and thereby cause them to move around a cloth-covered billiards table bounded by elastic bumpers known as .", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Historically, the umbrella term was billiards.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ While that familiar name is still employed by some as a generic label for all such games, the word's usage has splintered into more exclusive competing meanings in various parts of the world.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ For example, in British and Australian English, \"billiards\" usually refers exclusively to the game of English billiards, while in American and Canadian English it is sometimes used to refer to a particular game or class of games, or to all cue games in general, depending upon dialect and context.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ There are 3 major subdivisions of games within cue sports: There are other variants that make use of obstacles and targets, and table-top games played with disks instead of balls.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Billiards has a long and rich history stretching from its inception in the 15th century, to the wrapping of the body of Mary, Queen of Scots, in her billiard table cover in 1586, through its many mentions in the works of Shakespeare, including the famous line \"let's to billiards\" in \"Antony and Cleopatra\" (1606–07), and through the many famous enthusiasts of the sport such as: Mozart, Louis XIV of France, Marie Antoinette, Immanuel Kant, Napoleon, Abraham Lincoln, Mark Twain, George Washington, French president Jules Grévy, Charles Dickens, George Armstrong Custer, Theodore Roosevelt, Lewis Carroll, W.C. Fields, Babe Ruth, Bob Hope, and Jackie Gleason.", "Stickmen (film) __knowledge__ Stickmen is a 2001 New Zealand film directed by Hamish Rothwell and starring Robbie Magasiva.", "Stickmen (film) __knowledge__ Thomas (Paolo Rotondo), Jack (Robbie Magasiva) and Wayne (Scott Wills) are the best of mates.", "Stickmen (film) __knowledge__ Each of them lives their life the way they play pool.", "Stickmen (film) __knowledge__ Thomas is either absolutely brilliant or absolutely crap.", "Stickmen (film) __knowledge__ Jack is always slick, cool and forever setting up the next shot.", "Stickmen (film) __knowledge__ Wayne bumbles his way through life happy to be the guy that always says the wrong thing at the wrong time.", "Stickmen (film) __knowledge__ During the high-stakes underground eight-ball tournament run by Daddy (Enrico Mammarella), a Greek crime lord, they encounter a weird and wonderful collection of people on their way to compete for the big prize.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ \"Neighbours\" is an Australian television soap opera.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ It was first broadcast on 18 March 1985 and currently airs on digital channel Eleven.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the soap in 2012, by order of first appearance.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ Until May, characters were introduced by the soap's executive producer, Susan Bower.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ Thereafter, they were introduced by her successor, Richard Jasek.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ The 28th season of \"Neighbours\" began airing on 9 January 2012.", "List of Neighbours characters (2012) __knowledge__ Four piece indie band William and the Tells made their debut as Red Cotton in the same month, while Toby Wallace made his debut as Corey O'Donahue.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in the comic book series The Boys, created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The Boys are a CIA black ops team, initially created by Col. Greg Mallory to manage, police, and sometimes liquidate Vought-American's superhumans.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ While this is in part to help protect normal humans from the actions of the largely out of control \"supes,\" this is also to ensure that the company lack the stability or the platform to push the use of superhumans in national defense.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ Over time, however, the team's focus was changed, due to Butcher's increased influence, from one of management and containment to one of direct confrontation.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ \"General Hospital\" is the longest running American television serial drama, airing on ABC.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Created by Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The series premiered on April 1, 1963.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ This is a list of notable characters who significantly impacted storylines and began their run, or significantly returned, from the years 2000 to 2009.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Sage Alcazar is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera, General Hospital.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ She was portrayed by Eileen Boylan in 2003, and then by Katie Stuart in 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "Jean Balukas __knowledge__ Jean Balukas (born June 28, 1959) is an American pool player from Brooklyn, New York, and ranks among the stellar players in the history of the sport.", "Jean Balukas __knowledge__ At least through the 1990s, when Allison Fisher began her ascendancy, Balukas was widely acknowledged as the sole candidate for greatest female player ever.", "Jean Balukas __knowledge__ Described as a \"trailblazer, a child prodigy, a loner who rebelled against dress codes for women—the pool equivalent of Billie Jean King\", she is a five-time Billiards Congress of America (BCA) Player of the Year, was the youngest inductee into the BCA Hall of Fame and the second woman given the honor, and was ranked fifteenth on \"Billiard Digest's\" Fifty Greatest Players of the [20th] Century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Cue sports (sometimes written cuesports), also known as billiard sports, are a wide variety of games of skill generally played with a cue stick, which is used to strike billiard balls and thereby cause them to move around a cloth-covered billiards table bounded by elastic bumpers known as .", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Historically, the umbrella term was billiards.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ While that familiar name is still employed by some as a generic label for all such games, the word's usage has splintered into more exclusive competing meanings in various parts of the world.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ For example, in British and Australian English, \"billiards\" usually refers exclusively to the game of English billiards, while in American and Canadian English it is sometimes used to refer to a particular game or class of games, or to all cue games in general, depending upon dialect and context.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ There are 3 major subdivisions of games within cue sports: There are other variants that make use of obstacles and targets, and table-top games played with disks instead of balls.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Billiards has a long and rich history stretching from its inception in the 15th century, to the wrapping of the body of Mary, Queen of Scots, in her billiard table cover in 1586, through its many mentions in the works of Shakespeare, including the famous line \"let's to billiards\" in \"Antony and Cleopatra\" (1606–07), and through the many famous enthusiasts of the sport such as: Mozart, Louis XIV of France, Marie Antoinette, Immanuel Kant, Napoleon, Abraham Lincoln, Mark Twain, George Washington, French president Jules Grévy, Charles Dickens, George Armstrong Custer, Theodore Roosevelt, Lewis Carroll, W.C. Fields, Babe Ruth, Bob Hope, and Jackie Gleason.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the American animated children's television series, \"Wonder Pets!\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ It debuted on March 3, 2006, on the Nick Jr. block of the Nickelodeon cable television network and Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on December 27, 2006.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ 1.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ Save the Dolphin!/Save the Chimp!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Air Date 9/18/06) The Wonder Pets travel to Hawaii to save a baby dolphin caught in a fishing net who is in danger of drowning.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The Wonder Pets rig their Flyboat for space travel and head for the stars to rescue a baby chimp whose spaceship is about to be hit by a meteor!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Fact: Christine Ka'aloa plays the mother dolphin in this first episode.)", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\".", "Wonder Boy in Monster Land __knowledge__ Wonder Boy in Monster Land, known by its original arcade release as , is an action role-playing platform video game developed by Westone Bit Entertainment and released by Sega for arcade cabinets in 1987 and for the Master System in 1988, with a number of other home computer and console ports following.", "Wonder Boy in Monster Land __knowledge__ The game is the sequel to the 1986 game \"Wonder Boy\" and takes place eleven years after the events in the previous game.", "Wonder Boy in Monster Land __knowledge__ After enjoying over a decade of peace on Wonder Land following the defeat of the evil King by Tom-Tom, later bestowed the title \"Wonder Boy\", a fire-breathing dragon called the MEKA dragon appeared; he and his minions conquered Wonder Land, turning it into \"Monster Land\".", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ The early history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid–19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or run over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate considered to be the \"father of gridiron football\".", "History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950 __knowledge__ Science fiction and fantasy magazines began to be published in the US in the 1920s.", "History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950 __knowledge__ Stories with science fiction themes had been appearing for decades in pulp magazines such as \"Argosy\", but there were no magazines that specialized in a single genre until 1915, when Street & Smith, one of the major pulp publishers, brought out \"Detective Story Magazine\".", "History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950 __knowledge__ The first magazine to focus solely on fantasy and horror was \"Weird Tales\", which was launched in 1923, and established itself as the leading weird fiction magazine over the next two decades; writers such as H.P.", "History of US science fiction and fantasy magazines to 1950 __knowledge__ Lovecraft, Clark Ashton Smith and Robert E. Howard became regular contributors.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Stevland Hardaway Morris (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins; May 13, 1950), known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ A child prodigy, he is considered to be one of the most critically and commercially successful musical performers of the late 20th century.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Wonder signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, and he continued performing and recording for Motown into the 2010s.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ He has been blind since shortly after birth.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Among Wonder's works are singles such as \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\", \"Superstition\", \"Sir Duke\", \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" and \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\"; and albums such as \"Talking Book\", \"Innervisions\" and \"Songs in the Key of Life\".", "Billiard ball __knowledge__ A billiard ball is a small, hard ball used in cue sports, such as carom billiards, pool, and snooker.", "Billiard ball __knowledge__ The number, type, diameter, color, and pattern of the balls differ depending upon the specific game being played.", "Billiard ball __knowledge__ Various particular ball properties such as hardness, friction coefficient and resilience are important to accuracy.", "Billiard ball __knowledge__ Early balls were made of various materials, including wood and clay (the latter remaining in use well into the 20th century).", "Billiard ball __knowledge__ Although affordable ox-bone balls were in common use in Europe, elephant ivory was favored since at least 1627 until the early 20th century; the earliest known written reference to ivory billiard balls is in the 1588 inventory of the Duke of Norfolk.", "Yank Adams __knowledge__ Frank B. Adams (December 19, 1847 – after January 1923), commonly known as Yank Adams, was a professional carom billiards player who specialized in finger billiards, in which a player directly manipulates the balls with his or her hands, instead of using an implement such as a cue stick, often by twisting the ball between one's thumb and middle finger.", "Yank Adams __knowledge__ Adams, who was sometimes billed as the \"Digital Billiard Wonder\", has been called the \"greatest of all digit billiards players\", and the \"champion digital billiardist of the World.\"", "Yank Adams __knowledge__ George F. Slosson, a top billiards player of Adams' era, named him the \"greatest exhibition player who ever lived.\"", "Carom billiards __knowledge__ Carom billiards, sometimes called carambole billiards or simply carambole (and in some cases used as a synonym for the game of straight rail from which many carom games derive), is the overarching title of a family of billiards games generally played on cloth-covered, pocketless tables, which often feature heated slate beds.", "Carom billiards __knowledge__ In its simplest form, the object of the game is to score or \"counts\" by \"\" one's own off both the opponent's cue ball and the on a single shot.", "Carom billiards __knowledge__ The invention as well as the exact date of origin of carom billiards is somewhat obscure but is thought to be traceable to 18th-century France.", "Cue stick __knowledge__ A cue stick (or simply cue, more specifically pool cue, snooker cue, or billiards cue), is an item of sporting equipment essential to the games of pool, snooker and carom billiards.", "Cue stick __knowledge__ It is used to strike a ball, usually the .", "Cue stick __knowledge__ Cues are tapered sticks, typically about 57–59 inches (about 1.5 m) long and usually between 16 and 21 ounces (450–600 g), with professionals gravitating toward a 19-ounce (540 g) average.", "Cue stick __knowledge__ Cues for carom tend toward the shorter range, though cue length is primarily a factor of player height and arm length.", "Cue stick __knowledge__ Most cues are made of wood, but occasionally the wood is covered or bonded with other materials including graphite, carbon fiber or fiberglass.", "Cue sports techniques __knowledge__ Cue sports techniques (usually more specific, e.g., billiards techniques, snooker techniques) are a vital important aspect of game play in the various cue sports such as carom billiards, pool, snooker and other games.", "Cue sports techniques __knowledge__ Such techniques are used on each shot in an attempt to achieve an immediate aim such as scoring or playing a safety, while at the same time exercising control over the positioning of the and often the s for the next shot or .", "Cue sports techniques __knowledge__ In carom games, an advanced player's aim on most shots is to leave the cue ball and the object balls in position so that the next shot is of a less difficult variety to make the requisite , and so that the next shot is in position to be manipulated in turn for yet another shot; \"ad infinitum\".", "Five-pin billiards __knowledge__ Five-pin billiards or simply five-pins or 5-pins (Italian: ; Spanish: ), is today usually a carom billiards form of cue sport, though sometimes still played on a pocket table.", "Five-pin billiards __knowledge__ In addition to the customary three balls of most carom games, it makes use of a set of five upright pins (skittles) arranged in a \"+\" pattern at the center of the table.", "Five-pin billiards __knowledge__ The game is popular especially in Italy (where it originated) and Argentina, but also in some other parts of Latin America and Europe, with international, televised professional tournaments (for the carom version only).", "Five-pin billiards __knowledge__ It is sometimes referred to as Italian five-pins or Italian billiards (Italian: ), or as (in Italian and Spanish)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Cue sports (sometimes written cuesports), also known as billiard sports, are a wide variety of games of skill generally played with a cue stick, which is used to strike billiard balls and thereby cause them to move around a cloth-covered billiards table bounded by elastic bumpers known as .", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Historically, the umbrella term was billiards.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ While that familiar name is still employed by some as a generic label for all such games, the word's usage has splintered into more exclusive competing meanings in various parts of the world.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ For example, in British and Australian English, \"billiards\" usually refers exclusively to the game of English billiards, while in American and Canadian English it is sometimes used to refer to a particular game or class of games, or to all cue games in general, depending upon dialect and context.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ There are 3 major subdivisions of games within cue sports: There are other variants that make use of obstacles and targets, and table-top games played with disks instead of balls.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Billiards has a long and rich history stretching from its inception in the 15th century, to the wrapping of the body of Mary, Queen of Scots, in her billiard table cover in 1586, through its many mentions in the works of Shakespeare, including the famous line \"let's to billiards\" in \"Antony and Cleopatra\" (1606–07), and through the many famous enthusiasts of the sport such as: Mozart, Louis XIV of France, Marie Antoinette, Immanuel Kant, Napoleon, Abraham Lincoln, Mark Twain, George Washington, French president Jules Grévy, Charles Dickens, George Armstrong Custer, Theodore Roosevelt, Lewis Carroll, W.C. Fields, Babe Ruth, Bob Hope, and Jackie Gleason.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Wow Mali is the longest-running, multi-awarded and top-rated gag show in the Philippines aired over TV5 hosted by Joey De Leon.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was discontinued on May 2007 but some episodes still aired on \"Wow Mali Bytes\" and \"Wow Mali Express\".", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ On February 22, 2009, \"Wow Mali\" returned to TV5.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Following the network's second reformat after Holy Week, Wow Mali was set to return on April 6, 2009, airing every Wednesday at 7:30 PM.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was again discontinued on September 1, 2010 and was replaced by a spin-off show, Wow Meganon which lasted until April 8, 2011.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Its third incarnation aired on April 11, 2011 and ended on February 26, 2012.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ WOW - Women Of Wrestling, aka WOW!, is a women's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane, previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ It is based in Los Angeles, California, and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ The promotion launched a series of syndicated programs in the 2000-01 television seasons in 102 TV markets using a similar format of character driven performers, with names befitting a comic book series, such as Jungle Grrrl, an inmate tag-team complete with orange jump suits named Caged Heat, a Hollywood starlet named Lana Star, and the Persian Princess.", "History of cricket to 1725 __knowledge__ The earliest definite reference to cricket is dated Monday, 17 January 1597 (i.e., an \"Old Style\" Julian date which is 1598 by modern reckoning under the Gregorian calendar).", "History of cricket to 1725 __knowledge__ It is a deposition in the records of a legal case at Guildford, Surrey, re the use of a parcel of land c.1550 and John Derrick, a coroner, testified that he had at that time played cricket on the land when he was a boy.", "History of cricket to 1725 __knowledge__ Derrick's testimony makes clear that the sport was being played c.1550, but its true origin is a mystery.", "History of cricket to 1725 __knowledge__ All that can be said with a fair degree of certainty is that its beginning was earlier than 1550, somewhere in south-east England within the counties of Kent, Sussex and Surrey.", "Cricket __knowledge__ Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players each on a cricket field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard-long (20 metres) pitch with a target at each end called the wicket (a set of three wooden stumps upon which two bails sit).", "Cricket __knowledge__ Each phase of play is called an innings, during which one team bats, attempting to score as many runs as possible, whilst their opponents bowl and field, attempting to minimise the number of runs scored.", "Cricket __knowledge__ When each innings ends, the teams usually swap roles for the next innings (i.e.", "Cricket __knowledge__ the team that previously batted will bowl/field, and vice versa).", "Catherine de' Medici __knowledge__ Catherine de' Medici (Italian: \"Caterina de' Medici\" ; French: \"Catherine de Médicis\" , 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589), daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici and of Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne, was an Italian noblewoman who was queen of France from 1547 until 1559, as the wife of King Henry II.", "Catherine de' Medici __knowledge__ As the mother of kings Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III, she had extensive, if at times varying, influence in the political life of France.", "Catherine de' Medici __knowledge__ For a time, she ruled France as regent.", "Catherine de' Medici __knowledge__ In 1533, at the age of fourteen, Catherine married Henry, second son of King Francis I and Queen Claude of France.", "Catherine de' Medici __knowledge__ Throughout his reign, Henry excluded Catherine from participating in state affairs and instead showered favours on his chief mistress, Diane de Poitiers, who wielded much influence over him.", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ The question of the origins of baseball has been the subject of debate and controversy for more than a century.", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ Baseball and the other modern bat, ball and running games, cricket and rounders, were developed from folk games in early Britain and Continental Europe (such as France and Germany).", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ Early forms of baseball had a number of names, including \"base ball\", \"goal ball\", \"round ball\", \"fetch-catch\", \"stool ball\", and, simply, \"base\".", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ In at least one version of the game, teams pitched to themselves, runners went around the bases in the opposite direction of today's game, and players could be put out by being hit with the ball.", "Norwich __knowledge__ Norwich (, also ) is a city on the River Wensum in East Anglia and lies approximately north-east of London.", "Norwich __knowledge__ It is the county town of Norfolk.", "Norwich __knowledge__ From the Middle Ages until the Industrial Revolution, Norwich was the largest city in England after London, and one of the most important.", "Norwich __knowledge__ The urban area of Norwich had a population of 213,166 according to the 2011 Census.", "Norwich __knowledge__ This area extends beyond the city boundary, with extensive suburban areas on the western, northern and eastern sides, including Costessey, Taverham, Hellesdon, Bowthorpe, Old Catton, Sprowston and Thorpe St Andrew.", "Norwich __knowledge__ The parliamentary seats cross over into adjacent local-government districts.", "Henry VI, Part 3 __knowledge__ Henry VI, Part 3 (often written as 3 Henry VI) is a history play by William Shakespeare believed to have been written in 1591 and set during the lifetime of King Henry VI of England.", "Henry VI, Part 3 __knowledge__ Whereas \"1 Henry VI\" deals with the and the political machinations leading up to the Wars of the Roses and \"2 Henry VI\" focuses on the King's inability to quell the bickering of his nobles, and the inevitability of armed conflict, \"3 Henry VI\" deals primarily with the horrors of that conflict, with the once stable nation thrown into chaos and barbarism as families break down and moral codes are subverted in the pursuit of revenge and power.", "Sheffield Cricket Club __knowledge__ The Sheffield Cricket Club was founded in the 18th century and soon became important to the development of cricket in northern England.", "Sheffield Cricket Club __knowledge__ It was the direct forerunner of Yorkshire County Cricket Club and some of the teams fielded by Sheffield were styled Yorkshire.", "Sheffield Cricket Club __knowledge__ Sheffield generally held important match status, depending on the quality of their opponents, from 1771 to 1863.", "Sheffield Cricket Club __knowledge__ The earliest known references to cricket in Yorkshire are in 1751.", "Sheffield Cricket Club __knowledge__ These relate to local matches in Sheffield and to a game on or soon after Monday, 5 August at Stanwick, near Richmond, between the Duke of Cleveland’s XI and Earl of Northumberland’s XI (the same teams had earlier played in Durham and this is Durham's earliest cricket reference)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Cue sports (sometimes written cuesports), also known as billiard sports, are a wide variety of games of skill generally played with a cue stick, which is used to strike billiard balls and thereby cause them to move around a cloth-covered billiards table bounded by elastic bumpers known as .", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Historically, the umbrella term was billiards.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ While that familiar name is still employed by some as a generic label for all such games, the word's usage has splintered into more exclusive competing meanings in various parts of the world.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ For example, in British and Australian English, \"billiards\" usually refers exclusively to the game of English billiards, while in American and Canadian English it is sometimes used to refer to a particular game or class of games, or to all cue games in general, depending upon dialect and context.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ There are 3 major subdivisions of games within cue sports: There are other variants that make use of obstacles and targets, and table-top games played with disks instead of balls.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Billiards has a long and rich history stretching from its inception in the 15th century, to the wrapping of the body of Mary, Queen of Scots, in her billiard table cover in 1586, through its many mentions in the works of Shakespeare, including the famous line \"let's to billiards\" in \"Antony and Cleopatra\" (1606–07), and through the many famous enthusiasts of the sport such as: Mozart, Louis XIV of France, Marie Antoinette, Immanuel Kant, Napoleon, Abraham Lincoln, Mark Twain, George Washington, French president Jules Grévy, Charles Dickens, George Armstrong Custer, Theodore Roosevelt, Lewis Carroll, W.C. Fields, Babe Ruth, Bob Hope, and Jackie Gleason.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Stickmen (film) __knowledge__ Stickmen is a 2001 New Zealand film directed by Hamish Rothwell and starring Robbie Magasiva.", "Stickmen (film) __knowledge__ Thomas (Paolo Rotondo), Jack (Robbie Magasiva) and Wayne (Scott Wills) are the best of mates.", "Stickmen (film) __knowledge__ Each of them lives their life the way they play pool.", "Stickmen (film) __knowledge__ Thomas is either absolutely brilliant or absolutely crap.", "Stickmen (film) __knowledge__ Jack is always slick, cool and forever setting up the next shot.", "Stickmen (film) __knowledge__ Wayne bumbles his way through life happy to be the guy that always says the wrong thing at the wrong time.", "Stickmen (film) __knowledge__ During the high-stakes underground eight-ball tournament run by Daddy (Enrico Mammarella), a Greek crime lord, they encounter a weird and wonderful collection of people on their way to compete for the big prize.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or paddling pool is a structure designed to hold water to enable swimming or other leisure activities.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ Pools can be built into the ground (in-ground pools) or built above ground (as a freestanding construction or as part of a building or other larger structure), and are also a common feature aboard ocean-liners and cruise ships.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ In-ground pools are most commonly constructed from materials such as concrete, natural stone, metal, plastic or fiberglass, and can be of a custom size and shape or built to a standardized size, the largest of which is the Olympic-size swimming pool.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The conservative Women for the Wall, sometimes abbreviated as W4W, is a grassroots organization founded in April 2013, concerned with preserving Jewish tradition at the Western Wall, also known as the Kotel.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The catalyst for the founding of Women for the Wall was lack of representation for the stand of traditional Jewish women in the controversy surrounding an alternative prayer group known as Women of the Wall (WoW).", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ In the months leading to the establishment of W4W, Women of the Wall demanded to hold their services in the traditional women's section, rather than the Robinson's Arch area of the Kotel, where alternative prayer services are held.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ The War of 1812 (18121815) was a conflict fought between the United States, the United Kingdom, and their respective allies.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ Historians in Britain often see it as a minor theatre of the Napoleonic Wars; in the United States and Canada, it is seen as a war in its own right.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ Since the outbreak of war with Napoleonic France, Britain had enforced a naval blockade to choke off neutral trade to France, which the United States contested as illegal under international law.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ To man the blockade, Britain impressed American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ Incidents such as the \"Chesapeake–Leopard\" Affair inflamed anti-British sentiment.", "The Britannia's Fist Trilogy __knowledge__ The Britannia's Fist Trilogy is an alternate history series by Peter G. Tsouras about an Anglo-French intervention into the American Civil War in 1863 and the global repercussions of such a conflict.", "The Britannia's Fist Trilogy __knowledge__ The first and second volumes, and , were released relatively close together in 2008 and 2010 respectively.", "The Britannia's Fist Trilogy __knowledge__ The final volume, , was released in 2015 and does not feature the extensive casualty reports seen in the first two novels.", "The Britannia's Fist Trilogy __knowledge__ The United States and the United Kingdom had already been on the verge of conflict in 1862 over the Trent Affair in which Confederate diplomats were seized on a British ship in international waters, but cooler heads had managed to prevail and the diplomats were returned.", "First Opium War __knowledge__ The First Opium War (), also known as the Opium War or the Anglo-Chinese War, was a series of military engagements fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing dynasty over conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice in China.", "First Opium War __knowledge__ In the 17th and 18th centuries demand for Chinese goods (particularly silk, porcelain, and tea) in Europe created a trade imbalance between Qing Imperial China and Great Britain.", "First Opium War __knowledge__ European silver flowed into China through the Canton System, which confined incoming foreign trade to the southern port city of Canton.", "First Opium War __knowledge__ To counter this imbalance, the British East India Company began to auction opium grown in India to independent foreign traders in exchange for silver, and in doing so strengthened its trading influence in Asia.", "Second Boer War __knowledge__ The Second Boer War (11 October 1899 – 31 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa.", "Second Boer War __knowledge__ It is also known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, South African War or Anglo-Boer South African War.", "Second Boer War __knowledge__ Initial Boer attacks were successful, and although British reinforcements later reversed these, the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare, until harsh British counter-measures brought them to terms.", "Second Boer War __knowledge__ The war started with the British overconfident and under-prepared.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "British people __knowledge__ British people or Britons are the citizens of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown dependencies.", "British people __knowledge__ British nationality law governs modern British citizenship and nationality, which can be acquired, for instance, by descent from British nationals.", "British people __knowledge__ When used in a historical context, \"British\" or \"Britons\" can refer to the Celtic Britons, the indigenous inhabitants of Great Britain and Brittany, whose surviving members are the modern Welsh people, Cornish people and Bretons.", "British people __knowledge__ Although early assertions of being British date from the Late Middle Ages, the creation of the united Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 triggered a sense of British national identity.", "American Revolutionary War __knowledge__ The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America.", "American Revolutionary War __knowledge__ After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies.", "American Revolutionary War __knowledge__ Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor.", "American Revolutionary War __knowledge__ Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Cue sports (sometimes written cuesports), also known as billiard sports, are a wide variety of games of skill generally played with a cue stick, which is used to strike billiard balls and thereby cause them to move around a cloth-covered billiards table bounded by elastic bumpers known as .", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Historically, the umbrella term was billiards.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ While that familiar name is still employed by some as a generic label for all such games, the word's usage has splintered into more exclusive competing meanings in various parts of the world.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ For example, in British and Australian English, \"billiards\" usually refers exclusively to the game of English billiards, while in American and Canadian English it is sometimes used to refer to a particular game or class of games, or to all cue games in general, depending upon dialect and context.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ There are 3 major subdivisions of games within cue sports: There are other variants that make use of obstacles and targets, and table-top games played with disks instead of balls.", "Cue sports __knowledge__ Billiards has a long and rich history stretching from its inception in the 15th century, to the wrapping of the body of Mary, Queen of Scots, in her billiard table cover in 1586, through its many mentions in the works of Shakespeare, including the famous line \"let's to billiards\" in \"Antony and Cleopatra\" (1606–07), and through the many famous enthusiasts of the sport such as: Mozart, Louis XIV of France, Marie Antoinette, Immanuel Kant, Napoleon, Abraham Lincoln, Mark Twain, George Washington, French president Jules Grévy, Charles Dickens, George Armstrong Custer, Theodore Roosevelt, Lewis Carroll, W.C. Fields, Babe Ruth, Bob Hope, and Jackie Gleason.", "Diving __knowledge__ Diving is the sport of jumping or falling into water from a platform or springboard, usually while performing acrobatics.", "Diving __knowledge__ Diving is an internationally recognized sport that is part of the Olympic Games.", "Diving __knowledge__ In addition, unstructured and non-competitive diving is a recreational pastime.", "Diving __knowledge__ Diving is one of the most popular Olympic sports with spectators.", "Diving __knowledge__ Competitors possess many of the same characteristics as gymnasts and dancers, including strength, flexibility, kinaesthetic judgment and air awareness.", "Diving __knowledge__ Some professional divers were originally gymnasts or dancers as both the sports have similar characteristics to diving.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "ESports __knowledge__ eSports (also known as electronic sports, esports, e-sports, competitive (video) gaming, professional (video) gaming, or pro gaming) is a form of competition using video games.", "ESports __knowledge__ Most commonly, eSports take the form of organized, multiplayer video game competitions, particularly between professional players.", "ESports __knowledge__ The most common video game genres associated with eSports are real-time strategy, fighting, first-person shooter (FPS), and multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA).", "ESports __knowledge__ Tournaments such as The International, the \"League of Legends\" World Championship, the Evolution Championship Series and the Intel Extreme Masters provide live broadcasts of the competition, and prize money to competitors.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Trick shot __knowledge__ A trick shot (also trickshot or trick-shot) is a shot played on a billiards table (most often a pool table, though snooker tables are also used), which seems unlikely or impossible or requires significant skill.", "Trick shot __knowledge__ Trick shots frequently involve the balls organized in ways that are unlikely or impossible to appear in normal play, such as balls being in a straight line, or use props such as extra cues or a triangle that would not be allowed on the table during a game.", "Trick shot __knowledge__ As an organized cue sports discipline, trick shot competition is known as artistic pool.", "Trick shot __knowledge__ Billiards trick shots are the subject of increasing international competition, both amateur and professional.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Australian English __knowledge__ Australian English (AuE, en-AU) is a major variety of the English language, used throughout Australia.", "Australian English __knowledge__ Although English has no official status in the Constitution, Australian English is the country's national and \"de facto\" official language as it is the first language of the majority of the population.", "Australian English __knowledge__ Australian English began to diverge from British English after the founding of the Colony of New South Wales in 1788 and was recognised as being different from British English by 1820.", "Australian English __knowledge__ It arose from the intermingling of early settlers from a great variety of mutually intelligible dialectal regions of the British Isles and quickly developed into a distinct variety of English, which differs considerably from other varieties of English in vocabulary, accent, pronunciation, register, grammar and spelling.", "Canadian English __knowledge__ Canadian English (CanE, CE, en-CA) is the set of varieties of the English language native to Canada.", "Canadian English __knowledge__ According to the 2011 census, English was the first language of approximately 19 million Canadians, or 57% of the population; the remainder of the population were native speakers of Canadian French (22%) or other languages (allophones, 21%).", "Canadian English __knowledge__ A larger number, 28 million people, reported using English as their dominant language.", "Canadian English __knowledge__ 82% of Canadians outside the province of Quebec reported speaking English natively, but within Quebec the figure was just 7.7% as most of its residents are native speakers of Quebec French.", "Variation in Australian English __knowledge__ Australian English is relatively homogeneous when compared with British and American English.", "Variation in Australian English __knowledge__ The major varieties of Australian English are sociocultural rather than regional, being general, broad and cultivated Australian.", "Variation in Australian English __knowledge__ There exist a number of Australian English-based creole languages.", "Variation in Australian English __knowledge__ Differing significantly from English, these are not considered dialects of English; rather, they are considered separate languages.", "Variation in Australian English __knowledge__ Notable examples are Torres Strait Creole, spoken on the Torres Strait Islands, Northern Cape York and South-Western Coastal Papua; the Norfuk language, spoken by some inhabitants of Norfolk Island and Australian Kriol language, which developed in and around the Sydney region in the days of early settlement, now exists only in rural areas of the Northern Territory.", "English language __knowledge__ English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now the third most widespread native language in the world, after Standard Chinese and Spanish, as well as the most widely spoken Germanic language.", "English language __knowledge__ What is arguably the most striking characteristic of present-day English is that it is spoken by many more non-native speakers than native speakers, which is called \"lingua franca\" uses.", "English language __knowledge__ This use of English as a Lingua Franca, which is a coincidental and unintentional result of English-speaking colonial spread, sets English apart from any other Western European language.", "American and British English spelling differences __knowledge__ Many of the differences between American and British English date back to a time when spelling standards had not yet developed.", "American and British English spelling differences __knowledge__ For instance, some spellings seen as \"American\" today were once commonly used in Britain and some spellings seen as \"British\" were once commonly used in the United States.", "American and British English spelling differences __knowledge__ A \"British standard\" began to emerge following the 1755 publication of Samuel Johnson's \"A Dictionary of the English Language\", and an \"American standard\" started following the work of Noah Webster and in particular his \"An American Dictionary of the English Language\", first published in 1828.", "American and British English spelling differences __knowledge__ Webster's efforts at spelling reform were somewhat effective in his native country, resulting in certain well-known patterns of spelling differences between the American and British varieties of English.", "Rhoticity in English __knowledge__ Rhoticity in English refers to the pronunciation by English speakers of the historical rhotic consonant , and is one of the most prominent distinctions by which varieties of English can be classified.", "Rhoticity in English __knowledge__ The historical English sound is preserved in all pronunciation contexts in what are termed the \"rhotic varieties\", primarily including the English dialects of Scotland, Ireland, and most of the United States and Canada.", "Rhoticity in English __knowledge__ However, the historical is not pronounced except before vowels in \"non-rhotic varieties\", including most of the dialects of modern England, Wales, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and, variably, some parts of the eastern (particularly northeastern) coastal United States." ] ]

[ 1, 43, 0, 4, 0 ]

[ "Ha! This is known as billiard sports, which is played with a cue stick used to strike billiard balls around a table.", "The earliest known reference of the game was written in the 1588 inventory of the Duke of Norfolk.", "It is British. ", "Definitely. British and Australian english refers to \"billiards\" as the game of English Billards, while american or canadian english refers to a particular game. ", "There is the WPA World eight, nine, and ten ball championship." ]

[ "Cue sports", "Cue sports", "Cue sports", "Cue sports", "Cue sports" ]

[ "New York City", "No, but I have always wanted to go.", "Yes i assume it would be pretty crowded." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "The War I Always Wanted __knowledge__ The War I Always Wanted (2007) is a nonfiction war memoir by Brandon Friedman.", "The War I Always Wanted __knowledge__ The story details Friedman's experiences in combat in Afghanistan and Iraq between 2001 and 2004, roughly tracing his metamorphosis from a young, eager cadet into a disillusioned-but-wiser adult and veteran.", "The War I Always Wanted __knowledge__ The book received favorable reviews upon publication and within three years had been named one of the best memoirs of the past decade by media outlets like the \"Military Times\" and \"Daily Kos\".", "The War I Always Wanted __knowledge__ Spanning the course of three years, Friedman tells his story through a combination of present action and flashbacks.", "The War I Always Wanted __knowledge__ In all, he covers events in Afghanistan (including his experience in Operation Anaconda in March 2002), the 2003 invasion of Iraq and his time in Baghdad, the beginning of the insurgency in northern Iraq during the latter half of 2003, and his re-adjustment upon returning home in 2004.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the police drama \"The Bill\" ordered alphabetically by character surname.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ For a full list of characters ordered by rank, see list of \"The Bill\" characters.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ The characters are all police officers or civilian staff at the fictional Sun Hill police station in London.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ PC Francis \"Taffy\" Edwards was known as the 'thin streak of Welsh misery'.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ A quiet country boy who hailed from a poor farming family near Bangor, he sometimes struggled to adapt to city life.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ Edwards was extremely lazy, often thinking up ingenious ways to avoid having to do serious work – but he had an infectious charm and was popular amongst the relief.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "Brandon Friedman __knowledge__ Brandon Friedman is a writer, entrepreneur and former Obama administration official.", "Brandon Friedman __knowledge__ He is the CEO of The McPherson Square Group.", "Brandon Friedman __knowledge__ Previously, he served as the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs at the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.", "Brandon Friedman __knowledge__ His memoir, \"The War I Always Wanted\", was named by the \"Military Times\" in 2010 as one of \"The Best Military Books of the Decade.\"", "Brandon Friedman __knowledge__ Friedman was born and raised in Shreveport, Louisiana.", "Brandon Friedman __knowledge__ He has an MPA in Public Affairs from the University of Texas at Dallas (2006) and a BA in History from Louisiana State University in Shreveport (2000).", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ Aaliyah Dana Haughton (; January 16, 1979 – August 25, 2001) was an American singer, actress, and model.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ She was born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in Detroit, Michigan.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ At the age of 10, she appeared on the television show \"Star Search\" and performed in concert alongside Gladys Knight.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ At age 12, Aaliyah signed with Jive Records and her uncle Barry Hankerson's Blackground Records.", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ Hankerson introduced her to R. Kelly, who became her mentor, as well as lead songwriter and producer of her debut album, \"Age Ain't Nothing but a Number\".", "Aaliyah __knowledge__ The album sold three million copies in the United States and was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ \"Third Watch\" is an American television drama series which first aired on NBC from 1999 to 2005, and followed the lives of an ensemble cast of characters portraying police officers of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and firefighters and paramedics of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY).", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ Maurice Louis \"Bosco\" Boscorelli is a fictional NYPD police officer on the television series \"Third Watch\"; he was portrayed by Jason Wiles.", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ 'Bosco' was one of the few cast members to stay on the show for its entire six season run.", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ As an officer, Bosco tends to behave in the ‘cowboy’ stereotype, what with constantly ignoring \"boring\" calls in favor of wanting top jobs to play \"super cop\" on.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York is a state in the northeastern United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ With an estimated 19.85 million residents in 2017, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ To differentiate from its city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state's largest city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ Columbus ( ) is the state capital and the most populous city in Ohio.", "Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ It is the 14th-most populous city in the United States, with a population of 860,090 as of 2016 estimates.", "Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ This makes Columbus the 3rd-most populous state capital in the United States after Phoenix, Arizona and Austin, Texas, and the second-most populous city in the Midwestern United States, after Chicago.", "Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ It is the core city of the Columbus, Ohio, Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses ten counties.", "Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ With a population of 2,021,632, it is Ohio's third-largest metropolitan area.", "Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ Columbus is the county seat of Franklin County.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ Phoenix () is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ With 1,615,017 people (), Phoenix is the fifth most populous city nationwide, the most populous state capital in the United States, and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, which in turn is a part of the Salt River Valley.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ The metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States, with approximately 4.3 million people .", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ In addition, Phoenix is the seat of Maricopa County and, at 517.9 square miles (1,341 km), it is the largest city in the state, more than twice the size of Tucson and one of the largest cities in the United States.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver (), officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver is in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains.", "Denver __knowledge__ The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver is nicknamed the \"Mile High City\" because its official elevation is exactly one mile () above sea level, making it the highest major city in the United States.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ New York City's demographics show that it is a large and ethnically diverse metropolis.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ It is the largest city in the United States with a long history of international immigration.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ New York City was home to nearly 8.5 million people in 2014, accounting for over 40% of the population of New York State and a slightly lower percentage of the New York metropolitan area, home to approximately 23.6 million.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ Over the last decade the city has been growing faster than the region.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Friday Night Lights (TV series) __knowledge__ Friday Night Lights is an American drama television series about a high school football team in the fictional town of Dillon, Texas.", "Friday Night Lights (TV series) __knowledge__ It was developed by Peter Berg and executive produced by Brian Grazer, David Nevins, Sarah Aubrey and Jason Katims, based on by H. G. Bissinger, adapted as the 2004 film of the same name.", "Friday Night Lights (TV series) __knowledge__ The series' primary setting, Dillon, is a small, close-knit community in rural Texas.", "Friday Night Lights (TV series) __knowledge__ Team coach Eric Taylor (Kyle Chandler) and his family, Tami, Julie and Grace, are featured.", "Friday Night Lights (TV series) __knowledge__ The show uses this small-town backdrop to address many issues facing contemporary American culture, including family values, school funding, racism, drugs, abortion and lack of economic opportunities.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Alika Kinan __knowledge__ Alika Kinan (born 24 June 1976 in Córdoba ) is an Argentina-born feminist and anti-trafficking activist.", "Alika Kinan __knowledge__ She began sex work at age 17, and worked in brothels in Ushuaia for a total of 5 years starting at age 20.", "Alika Kinan __knowledge__ She spent 11 years in a difficult marriage.", "Alika Kinan __knowledge__ After a police raid at the brothel where she was working in 2012, she turned against sex work and began advocating for its abolition.", "Alika Kinan __knowledge__ She attracted media attention in Argentina when she sued the managers of a brothel where she had worked for about 2 years and the city where the brothel was located.", "Alika Kinan __knowledge__ She became known worldwide when the U.S. Department of State gave her an award for her anti-trafficking activism.", "Pretty Cure All Stars __knowledge__ is the first crossover movie in the \"Pretty Cure\" series, released on March 20, 2009.", "Pretty Cure All Stars __knowledge__ It features all the Pretty Cures from \"Futari wa Pretty Cure Max Heart\", \"Futari wa Pretty Cure Splash Star\", \"Yes!", "Pretty Cure All Stars __knowledge__ Pretty Cure 5 GoGo!\"", "Pretty Cure All Stars __knowledge__ and \"Fresh Pretty Cure\".", "Pretty Cure All Stars __knowledge__ As Love, Miki and Inori head to a dance contest in Minato Mirai 21 from Yokohama with Tart and Chiffon, they are attacked by a strange being known as Fusion, though it disappears shortly after.", "Pretty Cure All Stars __knowledge__ As Chiffon suddenly goes missing, Tart goes to a meeting with the other fairies, which are then attacked by Fusion.", "Pretty Cure All Stars __knowledge__ As the fairies go to warn the other Pretty Cures, they engage with battles against Fusion, who leaves after absorbing their most powerful attacks.", "Arrieta, Lanzarote __knowledge__ Arrieta is a small coastal village on the municipality of Haría, which is the northernmost municipality of island of Lanzarote (Spain/Canary Islands).", "Arrieta, Lanzarote __knowledge__ In 2013 about 300 people lived in Arrieta.", "Arrieta, Lanzarote __knowledge__ The beach (playa \"La Garita\") is famous and very popular among locals and tourists.", "Arrieta, Lanzarote __knowledge__ As a tourist destination it is pretty crowded in the seasons and there are amenities for ~2000 guests in the direct vicinity of Arrieta.", "Arrieta, Lanzarote __knowledge__ The name refers to the capital of the county Haría and means 'the small Haría'.", "Arrieta, Lanzarote __knowledge__ The \"playa de La Garita\" is about 810 m wide and consists of white sand (in contrary to the rocky beaches and beaches with black sand on Lanzarote).", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Shrinking cities or urban depopulation are dense cities that have experienced notable population loss.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Emigration (migration from a place) is a common reason for city shrinkage.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Since the infrastructure of such cities was built to support a larger population, its maintenance can become a serious concern.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ A related phenomenon is counter urbanization.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ The phenomenon of shrinking cities generally refers to a metropolitan area that experiences significant population loss in a short period of time.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ The theory is also known as counterurbanization, metropolitan deconcentration, and metropolitan turnaround.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ Hudson County, a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey, lies west of the lower Hudson River, which was named for Henry Hudson, the sea captain who explored the area in 1609.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ Part of New Jersey's Gateway Region in the New York metropolitan area, Jersey City is its largest city and county seat.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2016 Census estimate, Hudson County was the fastest-growing county in New Jersey compared to 2010; the county's population was 677,983, making it the state's 4th-most populous county, an increase of 6.9% from the 2010 United States Census, when its population was enumerated at 634,266, in turn an increase of 25,291 (+4.2%) from the 608,975 enumerated in the 2000 Census.", "Gaza War (2008–09) __knowledge__ The Gaza War, also known as Operation Cast Lead (), also known as the Gaza Massacre () and the Battle of al-Furqan () by Hamas, was a three-week armed conflict between Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and Israel that began on 27 December 2008 and ended on 18 January 2009 in a unilateral ceasefire.", "Gaza War (2008–09) __knowledge__ Israel's stated goal was to stop indiscriminate Palestinian rocket fire into Israel and weapons smuggling into the Gaza strip.", "Gaza War (2008–09) __knowledge__ Israeli forces attacked police stations, military targets including weapons caches and suspected rocket firing teams, as well as political and administrative institutions in the opening assault, striking in the densely populated cities of Gaza, Khan Yunis and Rafah.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Union City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ According to the 2010 United States Census the city had a total population of 66,455, reflecting a decline of 633 (−0.9%) from the 67,088 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 9,076 (+15.6%) from the 58,012 counted in the 1990 Census.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2010 Census it was the most densely populated city in the United States, with a density of 51,810.1 per square mile.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Union City was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on June 1, 1925, with the merger of Union Hill and West Hoboken Township.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ The city's name marks the combination of the two municipalities.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ The Netherlands (; ), also known informally as Holland, is a country in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ Together with three island territories in the Caribbean (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba), it forms the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ The European portion of the Netherlands consists of twelve provinces and borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders in the North Sea with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany.", "Netherlands __knowledge__ The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht (forming the Randstad megalopolis) and Eindhoven (leading the Brabantse Stedenrij)." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 50 ]

[ "Hi, I live in New York City, the most populous city in the USA. Have you ever been?", "Even though we have a huge population, we don't have a ton of land space, because of this New York is densely populated.", "New York is also divided into boroughs which was weird to me when I first came. Manhattan is the most densely populated borough." ]

[ "New York City", "New York City", "New York City" ]

[ "Ice hockey\nI have always thought about getting into ice hockey.", "It sounds fun. Do people all over the world play ice hockey?", "What is the professional ice hockey league in the US and Canada?", "I didnt realize there were that many teams. I live where its hot. Is ice hockey in the Olympics?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The Victorian Ice Hockey Association, currently trading as Ice Hockey Victoria is the governing body of ice hockey in Victoria, Australia.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The Victorian Ice Hockey Association is a branch of Ice Hockey Australia.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ 12 September 1908 is the date of the formation of the first ice hockey association in Australia.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The meeting at the Melbourne Glaciarium occurred directly after an evening ice hockey game between the Brighton Ice Hockey Club and the Melburnians, which resulted in a 2-2 tie.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The meeting was for the purpose of organising a club for the following season and the following committee was appointed: Lorimer, Ward, Errol F. Woods, W. Purbrick and Andrew Lambert Reid.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ The Australian Ice Hockey Federation, currently trading as Ice Hockey Australia (IHA), is the official national governing body of ice hockey in Australia and is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ It was first established in 1908, making it one of the oldest national ice hockey associations in the world.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ The purpose of Ice Hockey Australia is to encourage, promote, control and administer all forms of ice hockey in and throughout Australia through and by various Member States for the mutual and collective benefit of the members and sport itself.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ IHA also governs an eight-team, semi-professional league, known as the Australian Ice Hockey League.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Roller in-line hockey is a team sport played on a wood, asphalt, cement or sport tile surface, in which players use a hockey stick to shoot a hard plastic hockey puck into their opponent's goal to score points.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is considered a contact sport but body checking is prohibited.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ However, there are exceptions to that with the NRHL which involves fighting.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Inline hockey teams are composed of up to four lines of players including two forwards and two defensemen on each line.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ There are five players including the goalie from each team on the rink at a time.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is the goalie's job to prevent the other team's players from scoring.", "Summit Series __knowledge__ The Summit Series, or Super Series (in Russian \"Суперсерия СССР — Канада\"; \"Superseriya SSSR — Canada\"), known at the time simply as the Canada–USSR Series, was an eight-game series of ice hockey between the Soviet Union and Canada, held in September 1972.", "Summit Series __knowledge__ It was the first competition between the Soviet national team and a Canadian team represented by professional players of the National Hockey League (NHL), known as \"Team Canada\".", "Summit Series __knowledge__ It was the first international ice hockey competition for Canada after Canada had withdrawn from international ice hockey competitions in a dispute with the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).", "Ice hockey in popular culture __knowledge__ Ice hockey, partially because of its popularity as a major professional sport, has been a source of inspiration for numerous films, television episodes and songs in North American popular culture.", "Ice hockey in popular culture __knowledge__ A number of notable Hollywood films have been made about hockey.", "Ice hockey in popular culture __knowledge__ Notable hockey films include \"Slap Shot\"; \"The Mighty Ducks\", successful enough to spawn two sequels, a cartoon series, and an NHL team named the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (now the Anaheim Ducks); and \"Miracle\".", "Ice hockey in popular culture __knowledge__ The first two are fictional comedies; the last is a drama based on the true story of the 1980 \"Miracle on Ice\" USA Olympic gold medal team.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur athletes.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ However, the advent of the state-sponsored \"full-time amateur athlete\" of the Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-time basis." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Western Australian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The Western Australian Ice Hockey Association, currently trading as Ice Hockey WA is the governing body of ice hockey in Western Australia.", "Western Australian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The Western Australian Ice Hockey Association is a branch of Ice Hockey Australia.", "Western Australian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The Western Australian Ice Hockey Association (WAIHA) was formed as the Western Australian state branch for Ice Hockey Australia.", "Western Australian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ It is responsible for organising the six state leagues across the three different age groups.", "Western Australian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ It is also responsible for selecting the state teams to compete in the national tournaments.", "Western Australian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ WAIHA operates its leagues across three venues – Cockburn Ice Arena, Perth Ice Arena and the Xtreme Ice Arena.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ The Australian Ice Hockey Federation, currently trading as Ice Hockey Australia (IHA), is the official national governing body of ice hockey in Australia and is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ It was first established in 1908, making it one of the oldest national ice hockey associations in the world.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ The purpose of Ice Hockey Australia is to encourage, promote, control and administer all forms of ice hockey in and throughout Australia through and by various Member States for the mutual and collective benefit of the members and sport itself.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ IHA also governs an eight-team, semi-professional league, known as the Australian Ice Hockey League.", "Hockey __knowledge__ Hockey is a sport in which two teams play against each other by trying to maneuver a ball or a puck into the opponent's goal using a hockey stick.", "Hockey __knowledge__ There are many types of hockey such as bandy, field hockey and ice hockey.", "Hockey __knowledge__ Often one variation of the sport, such as field hockey or ice hockey, will predominate in a certain area and be known simply as \"hockey\".", "Hockey __knowledge__ The first recorded use of the word \"hockey\" is in the 1773 book \"Juvenile Sports and Pastimes, to Which Are Prefixed, Memoirs of the Author: Including a New Mode of Infant Education\" by Richard Johnson (Pseud.", "Hockey __knowledge__ Master Michel Angelo), whose chapter XI was titled \"New Improvements on the Game of Hockey\".", "Canadian women's ice hockey history __knowledge__ The first instances of organized women's ice hockey in Canada date back to the 1890s when it is played at the university level.", "Canadian women's ice hockey history __knowledge__ The Women's Hockey Association claims that the city of Ottawa, Ontario hosted the first game in 1891.", "Canadian women's ice hockey history __knowledge__ In 1920, Lady Meredith, wife of Sir Vincent Meredith of Montreal donated the Lady Meredith Cup for the Quebec Ladies' Hockey Association, said to be the first women's ice hockey trophy to be competed for in Canada.", "Canadian women's ice hockey history __knowledge__ In February 1921 a women's international championship series was played in conjunction with the Pacific Coast Hockey Association.", "Canadian women's ice hockey history __knowledge__ One of the first professional teams were the Vancouver Amazons from the 1920s.", "History of women's ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ The history of women's ice hockey in the United States can be traced back to the early 20th century.", "History of women's ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ In the 1920s, the Seattle Vamps competed in various hockey tournaments.", "History of women's ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ In 1916, the United States hosted an international hockey tournament in Cleveland, Ohio, that featured Canadian and American women’s hockey teams.", "History of women's ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ In 1997-98, the American Women's College Hockey Alliance debuted.", "History of women's ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ It was a program funded through the USOC/NCAA Conference Grant Program.", "History of women's ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ The AWCHA organized and developed activities with collegiate women's varsity ice hockey teams, and helped to promote women's ice hockey at all NCAA levels.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The Victorian Ice Hockey Association, currently trading as Ice Hockey Victoria is the governing body of ice hockey in Victoria, Australia.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The Victorian Ice Hockey Association is a branch of Ice Hockey Australia.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ 12 September 1908 is the date of the formation of the first ice hockey association in Australia.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The meeting at the Melbourne Glaciarium occurred directly after an evening ice hockey game between the Brighton Ice Hockey Club and the Melburnians, which resulted in a 2-2 tie.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The meeting was for the purpose of organising a club for the following season and the following committee was appointed: Lorimer, Ward, Errol F. Woods, W. Purbrick and Andrew Lambert Reid.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Roller in-line hockey is a team sport played on a wood, asphalt, cement or sport tile surface, in which players use a hockey stick to shoot a hard plastic hockey puck into their opponent's goal to score points.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is considered a contact sport but body checking is prohibited.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ However, there are exceptions to that with the NRHL which involves fighting.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ Inline hockey teams are composed of up to four lines of players including two forwards and two defensemen on each line.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ There are five players including the goalie from each team on the rink at a time.", "Roller in-line hockey __knowledge__ It is the goalie's job to prevent the other team's players from scoring.", "History of figure skating __knowledge__ The history of figure skating stretches back to prehistoric times.", "History of figure skating __knowledge__ Primitive ice skates appear in the archaeological record from about 3000 BC.", "History of figure skating __knowledge__ Edges were added by the Dutch in the 13th - 14th century.", "History of figure skating __knowledge__ International figure skating competitions began appearing in the late 19th century—in 1891, the European Championships were inaugurated in Hamburg, Germany, and in 1896, the first World Championships were held in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire.", "History of figure skating __knowledge__ At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, England, figure skating became the first winter sport to be included in the Olympics.", "History of figure skating __knowledge__ The exact time and process by which humans first learned to ice skate is unknown.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Bandy is a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Based on the number of participating athletes, bandy is the world's second most popular winter sport after ice hockey.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Bandy is also the number two winter sport in tickets sold per day of competitions at the sport's world championship compared to the other winter sports.", "Bandy __knowledge__ The sport is considered a form of hockey and has a common background with association football, ice hockey and field hockey.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Like football, the game is normally played in halves of 45 minutes each, there are eleven players on each team, and the bandy field is about the same size as a football pitch.", "Spongee __knowledge__ Spongee or sponge hockey is a cult sport played almost exclusively in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, by thousands of players in dozens of leagues.", "Spongee __knowledge__ It gets its name from the puck that is used: instead of the hard vulcanized rubber puck that is used in regular ice hockey, a soft sponge puck is used.", "Spongee __knowledge__ Sponge hockey - The Hooligans of Winnipeg, routed the once dominant Expendibles by a \"touchdown\" in the 2016 finals.", "Spongee __knowledge__ Kevin Marchuk, the captain of the Hooligans made some deft moves in the off season and rostered a team of all forwards.", "Spongee __knowledge__ With notables like the Kelly brothers and Cory Ball already in the mix he felt like he needed some veteran presence.", "Ice skate __knowledge__ Ice skates are boots with blades attached to the bottom, used to propel the bearer across a sheet of ice while ice skating.", "Ice skate __knowledge__ The first ice skates were made from leg bones of horse, ox or deer, and were attached to feet with leather straps.", "Ice skate __knowledge__ These skates required a pole with a sharp metal spike that was used for pushing the skater forward, unlike modern bladed skates.", "Ice skate __knowledge__ Modern skates come in many different varieties, which are chosen depending on the nature of the requirements needed for the skating activity.", "Ice skate __knowledge__ They are worn recreationally in ice rinks or on frozen bodies of water across the globe and are used as footwear in many sports, including figure skating, ice hockey, bandy, speed skating and tour skating.", "Street hockey __knowledge__ Street hockey (also known as dek hockey, ball hockey, and in some parts of Canada road hockey) is a variation of the sport of ice hockey where the game is played outdoors on foot, or with inline or roller skates using a ball or puck.", "Street hockey __knowledge__ Both ball and puck are typically designed to be played on non-ice surfaces.", "Street hockey __knowledge__ The object of the game is to score more goals than the opposing team by shooting the ball or puck into the opposing team's net.", "Street hockey __knowledge__ Street hockey in pickup form is generally played under the following guidelines, since there are no \"official rules\" for local pickup hockey: In its most pure form, street hockey is always played on an outdoor surface (very often a street, parking lot, tennis court or other asphalt surface), thus the genesis of the name street hockey." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Professional ice hockey __knowledge__ Professional ice hockey has existed since the early 1900s (decade).", "Professional ice hockey __knowledge__ The professional game originated in the United States in 1904 and became prominent in Canada during the early 20th century before expanding back into the United States and eventually to many other countries.", "Professional ice hockey __knowledge__ In addition to the United States and Canada, high-level professional hockey is present in Germany, Russia, Sweden, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Finland and Switzerland; professional hockey is also played in many other countries, as diverse as Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Austria, Australia and Japan.", "Professional ice hockey __knowledge__ Professional leagues emerged from amateur leagues.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Hockey League (NHL; ) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Hockey League was organized on November 26, 1917, in Montreal after the suspension of operations of its predecessor organization, the National Hockey Association (NHA), which had been founded in 1909 in Renfrew, Ontario.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ Ice hockey, usually referred to in the U.S. simply as \"hockey\", is a popular sport in the United States.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ In the U.S. the game is most popular in regions of the country with a cold winter climate, namely the northeast and the upper Midwest.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ However, since the 1990s, hockey has become increasingly popular in the Sun Belt due in large part to the expansion of the National Hockey League to the southeast and southwest U.S., coupled with the mass relocation of many residents from northern cities with strong hockey support to these Sun Belt locations.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, where the first indoor hockey game was played on March 3, 1875.", "List of ice hockey clubs playing in the league of another country __knowledge__ There are a number of ice hockey clubs around the world that are based in one country/territory but play in another's league.", "List of ice hockey clubs playing in the league of another country __knowledge__ Conditions for competing in a \"foreign\" league, as well as in a continental/confederational competition, are set case-by-case by the international ice hockey federation as well as the respective confederation and national ice hockey associations involved.", "List of ice hockey clubs playing in the league of another country __knowledge__ For the purposes of this article, Russia is not considered European, and all sections other than \"women's hockey\" are referring to men's hockey.", "List of ice hockey clubs playing in the league of another country __knowledge__ Clubs which are located in defunct nations that merged with others, new nations separated from others, or which stopped competing in a nation's league system because their locale was transferred to another nation, are not included in this article.", "History of Canadian sports __knowledge__ The History of Canadian sports falls into five stages of development: early recreational activities before 1840; the start of organized competition, 1840-1880; the emergence of national organizations, 1882-1914; the rapid growth of both amateur and professional sports, 1914 to 1960; and developments of the last half-century.", "History of Canadian sports __knowledge__ Some sports, especially hockey, lacrosse and curling enjoy an international reputation as particularly Canadian.", "History of Canadian sports __knowledge__ Canadian sports attract large numbers of participants and huge audiences; hockey, played by 1.4 million Canadians, has become part of the national identity.", "History of Canadian sports __knowledge__ Team sports often involved informal gambling.", "United States ice hockey structure __knowledge__ The United States ice hockey structure includes elements from traditional American scholastic high school and college athletics, affiliated and independent minor leagues, and the unique \"Major Junior\" leagues.", "United States ice hockey structure __knowledge__ The hierarchy of the ice hockey league system forms a pyramid with a large number of regional minor and development leagues making up the base of the pyramid and a linear progression through the professional minor leagues leading to the National Hockey League at the top of the pyramid.", "United States ice hockey structure __knowledge__ The National Hockey League (NHL) is widely considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world with top players from multiple countries participating in the league.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.", "Remilitarization of the Rhineland __knowledge__ The Remilitarization of the Rhineland by the German Army took place on 7 March 1936 when German military forces entered the Rhineland.", "Remilitarization of the Rhineland __knowledge__ This was significant because it violated the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Treaties, marking the first time since the end of World War I that German troops had been in this region.", "Remilitarization of the Rhineland __knowledge__ The remilitarization changed the balance of power in Europe from France towards Germany, and made it possible for Germany to pursue a policy of aggression in Western Europe that the demilitarized status of the Rhineland had blocked until then.", "Remilitarization of the Rhineland __knowledge__ Under Articles 42, 43 and 44 of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles—imposed on Germany by the Allies after the Great War—Germany was \"forbidden to maintain or construct any fortification either on the Left bank of the Rhine or on the Right bank to the west of a line drawn fifty kilometers to the East of the Rhine\".", "History of Europe __knowledge__ The history of Europe covers the peoples inhabiting Europe from prehistory to the present.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ The period known as classical antiquity began with the emergence of the city-states of ancient Greece.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ Later, the Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ The fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476 traditionally marks the start of the Middle Ages.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ Beginning in the 14th century a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ Simultaneously, the Protestant Reformation set up Protestant churches primarily in Germany, Scandinavia and England.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ After 1800, the Industrial Revolution brought prosperity to Britain and Western Europe.", "Europe __knowledge__ Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.", "Europe __knowledge__ It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.", "Europe __knowledge__ It comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia.", "Europe __knowledge__ since around 1850, Europe is most commonly considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits.", "Europe __knowledge__ Though the term \"continent\" implies physical geography defines it, the land border is somewhat arbitrary and has moved since its first conception in classical antiquity.", "Andreas Hillgruber __knowledge__ Andreas Fritz Hillgruber (18 January 1925 – 8 May 1989) was a conservative German historian.", "Andreas Hillgruber __knowledge__ Hillgruber was influential as a military and diplomatic historian who played a leading role in the \"Historikerstreit\" of the 1980s.", "Andreas Hillgruber __knowledge__ In his book \"Zweierlei Untergang\", he wrote that Germans should \"identify\" with the Wehrmacht fighting on the Eastern Front and asserts that there was no moral difference between Allied polices towards Germany in 1944-45 and the genocide waged against the Jews.", "Andreas Hillgruber __knowledge__ British historian Richard J. Evans wrote that Hillgruber was a great historian whose once-sterling reputation was in ruins as a result of the \"Historikerstreit\".", "Russia __knowledge__ Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a sovereign country in Eurasia.", "Russia __knowledge__ At , Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people at the end of March 2016.", "Russia __knowledge__ The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern; about 77% of the population live in European Russia.", "Russia __knowledge__ Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Ufa, and Kazan.", "Media portrayal of the Ukrainian crisis __knowledge__ Media portrayals of the Ukrainian crisis, including 2014 unrest and the 2014 Ukrainian revolution following the Euromaidan movement, differed widely between Ukrainian, western and Russian media.", "Media portrayal of the Ukrainian crisis __knowledge__ The Russian, the Ukrainian, and the Western media were all, to various degrees, accused of propagandizing, and of waging an information war during their coverage of the events.", "Media portrayal of the Ukrainian crisis __knowledge__ Russian channels were repeatedly criticized for the use of misleading images, false narratives, misrepresentation, suppression, and fabricated news stories, such as a child's crucifixion and the death of a 10-year-old in shelling." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking.", "Stig Grybe __knowledge__ Stig Rudolf Grybe (18 July 1928 – 1 February 2017) was a Swedish actor, comedian, writer and film director.", "Stig Grybe __knowledge__ Grybe's debut as a film actor was in the 1947 film \"Får jag lov, magistern\", starring Stig Järrel and Ulla Sallert.", "Stig Grybe __knowledge__ In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Grybe played the character \"Ante Nordlund\" on the radio, in a 1963 TV series, and in the 1964 movie \"Drömpojken\".", "Stig Grybe __knowledge__ He also worked in some of the Knäppupp revues.", "Stig Grybe __knowledge__ He voiced the villain, Dr. Drunkelspiel in \"The Dog Hotel\" (2000).", "Stig Grybe __knowledge__ Grybe worked on primarily on stage, in TV series and films.", "Stig Grybe __knowledge__ Grybe died following a short illness on 1 February 2017 at the age of 88.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur athletes.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ However, the advent of the state-sponsored \"full-time amateur athlete\" of the Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage.", "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games __knowledge__ The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-time basis.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The Victorian Ice Hockey Association, currently trading as Ice Hockey Victoria is the governing body of ice hockey in Victoria, Australia.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The Victorian Ice Hockey Association is a branch of Ice Hockey Australia.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ 12 September 1908 is the date of the formation of the first ice hockey association in Australia.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The meeting at the Melbourne Glaciarium occurred directly after an evening ice hockey game between the Brighton Ice Hockey Club and the Melburnians, which resulted in a 2-2 tie.", "Victorian Ice Hockey Association __knowledge__ The meeting was for the purpose of organising a club for the following season and the following committee was appointed: Lorimer, Ward, Errol F. Woods, W. Purbrick and Andrew Lambert Reid.", "Ice Hockey World Championships __knowledge__ The Ice Hockey World Championships are an annual international men's ice hockey tournament organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).", "Ice Hockey World Championships __knowledge__ First officially held at the 1920 Summer Olympics, it is the sport's highest profile annual international tournament.", "Ice Hockey World Championships __knowledge__ The IIHF was created in 1908 while the European Championships, the precursor to the World Championships, were first held in 1910.", "Ice Hockey World Championships __knowledge__ The tournament held at the 1920 Summer Olympics is recognized as the first Ice Hockey World Championship.", "Ice Hockey World Championships __knowledge__ Between 1920 and 1968, the Olympic hockey tournament was also considered the World Championship for that year.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ The Australian Ice Hockey Federation, currently trading as Ice Hockey Australia (IHA), is the official national governing body of ice hockey in Australia and is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ It was first established in 1908, making it one of the oldest national ice hockey associations in the world.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ The purpose of Ice Hockey Australia is to encourage, promote, control and administer all forms of ice hockey in and throughout Australia through and by various Member States for the mutual and collective benefit of the members and sport itself.", "Ice Hockey Australia __knowledge__ IHA also governs an eight-team, semi-professional league, known as the Australian Ice Hockey League.", "National Ice Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Ice Hockey League (NIHL) is a set of semi-professional ice hockey leagues administered by the English Ice Hockey Association.", "National Ice Hockey League __knowledge__ It is currently the second tier of British ice hockey, below the Elite Ice Hockey League.", "National Ice Hockey League __knowledge__ Formerly called the English National Ice Hockey League (ENIHL), it was renamed in 2012 to recognise the inclusion of several teams from Scotland and Wales.", "National Ice Hockey League __knowledge__ The league is split into two regions, North and South, meaning teams do not have to travel long distances for away games.", "National Ice Hockey League __knowledge__ Each region has 2 divisions, with promotion and relegation between the divisions in each region.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Hockey League (NHL; ) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season.", "National Hockey League __knowledge__ The National Hockey League was organized on November 26, 1917, in Montreal after the suspension of operations of its predecessor organization, the National Hockey Association (NHA), which had been founded in 1909 in Renfrew, Ontario.", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada are the highest professional competitions of team sports in those countries.", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The four leagues universally included in the definition are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ Other prominent leagues include Major League Soccer (MLS) and the Canadian Football League (CFL).", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The MLB, NBA, NFL and NHL are commonly referred to as the \"Big 4\".", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ Each of these is the wealthiest professional club competition in its sport worldwide, and along with the English Premier League they make up the top five sports leagues by revenue in the world.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ Ice hockey, usually referred to in the U.S. simply as \"hockey\", is a popular sport in the United States.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ In the U.S. the game is most popular in regions of the country with a cold winter climate, namely the northeast and the upper Midwest.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ However, since the 1990s, hockey has become increasingly popular in the Sun Belt due in large part to the expansion of the National Hockey League to the southeast and southwest U.S., coupled with the mass relocation of many residents from northern cities with strong hockey support to these Sun Belt locations.", "Ice hockey in the United States __knowledge__ The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, where the first indoor hockey game was played on March 3, 1875.", "History of the National Hockey League (1992–present) __knowledge__ The National Hockey League (NHL) has endured a tumultuous period of history in recent years.", "History of the National Hockey League (1992–present) __knowledge__ It has grown from 22 teams in 1992 to 31 today as the league expanded across the United States.", "History of the National Hockey League (1992–present) __knowledge__ Repeated labour conflicts interrupted play in 1992, 1994–95, 2004–05 and 2012–13; the second lockout caused the entire 2004–05 NHL season to be canceled, the first time in North American history that a sports league has canceled an entire season in a labour dispute.", "History of the National Hockey League (1992–present) __knowledge__ Five franchises have relocated during this time: the Minnesota North Stars became the Dallas Stars (1993), the Quebec Nordiques became the Colorado Avalanche (1995), the Winnipeg Jets became the Phoenix Coyotes (1996), the Hartford Whalers became the Carolina Hurricanes (1997), and the Atlanta Thrashers became the second franchise known as the Winnipeg Jets (2011).", "History of the National Hockey League __knowledge__ The history of the National Hockey League begins with the end of its predecessor league, the National Hockey Association (NHA), in 1917.", "History of the National Hockey League __knowledge__ After unsuccessfully attempting to resolve disputes with Eddie Livingstone, owner of the Toronto Blueshirts, executives of the three other NHA franchises suspended the NHA, and formed the National Hockey League (NHL), replacing the Livingstone team with a temporary team in Toronto, the Arenas.", "History of the National Hockey League __knowledge__ The NHL's first quarter-century saw the league compete against two rival major leagues—the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and Western Canada Hockey League—for players and the Stanley Cup.", "United States ice hockey structure __knowledge__ The United States ice hockey structure includes elements from traditional American scholastic high school and college athletics, affiliated and independent minor leagues, and the unique \"Major Junior\" leagues.", "United States ice hockey structure __knowledge__ The hierarchy of the ice hockey league system forms a pyramid with a large number of regional minor and development leagues making up the base of the pyramid and a linear progression through the professional minor leagues leading to the National Hockey League at the top of the pyramid.", "United States ice hockey structure __knowledge__ The National Hockey League (NHL) is widely considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world with top players from multiple countries participating in the league." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 12, 15 ]

[ "It's a tough activity. It's a contact sport played on ice and ice skates where players try to use sticks to get a rubber puck into each others goals.", "Yes, they do. It's most popular in Eastern Europe, Canada, Scandinaia, the U.S. and Russia.", "It's called the NHL or National Hockey Leaggue and it has 31 teams.", "Ice hockey tournamets have been played at the Olympic games since 1920!" ]

[ "Ice hockey", "Ice hockey", "Ice hockey", "Ice hockey" ]

[ "Nail art\nI absolutely love getting my nails painted with intricate designs or even attempting it myself! Do you like nail designs?", "I'm obsessed with looking for new designs on Pinterest. I found a fun one for fall that is a red and black plaid. Looks kind of fun!", "That's so interesting! I would've thought it would be the other way around with the upper class only able to have \"proper\" muted colors. I know once upon a time, only prostitutes wore nail polish and art on them.", "Seems like they had it right. Now there's so many chemicals and junk in many of them, especially the ones for nail art. I try to find ones that are free of the 10 worst chemicals. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nail art __knowledge__ Nail art is a creative way to paint, decorate, enhance, and embellish the nails.", "Nail art __knowledge__ It is a type of artwork that can be done on fingernails and toenails, usually after manicures or pedicures.", "Nail art __knowledge__ A manicure and a pedicure are beauty treatments that trim, shape, and polish the nail.", "Nail art __knowledge__ Often these procedures remove the cuticles and soften the skin around the nails.", "Nail art __knowledge__ The exact origin of nail treatments is unclear, since it appears to have originated in different parts of the world around the same time.", "Nail art __knowledge__ In ancient Egypt, from 5000 B.C.", "Nail art __knowledge__ to 3000 B.C., women would dye their nails with henna to indicate social status and seductiveness.", "Nail art __knowledge__ Women of the lower class wore pastel and neutral shades, while the upper classes wore deep, bright shades.", "Nail art __knowledge__ In Babylonia, 3200 B.C., men, not women, painted their nails with black and green kohl, an ancient cosmetic.", "Nail art __knowledge__ To prepare for war, warriors of Babylon spent hours having their nails prepared, hair curled and had other similar beauty treatments.", "Nail art __knowledge__ As in ancient Egypt, nail color indicated one's status, black for noblemen and green for the common man.", "Nail art __knowledge__ Around the same time, 3000 B.C., the first nail polish originated in ancient China.", "Nail art __knowledge__ It was made from beeswax, egg whites, gelatin, vegetable dyes, and gum arabic.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ Nail polish (also known as nail varnish) is a lacquer that can be applied to the human fingernails or toenails to decorate and protect the nail plates.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ The formulation has been revised repeatedly to enhance its decorative effects, and to suppress cracking or flaking.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ Nail polish consists of a mix of an organic polymer and several other components, depending on the brand.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ Nail polish originated in China and dates back to 3000 BC.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ Around 600 BC, during the Zhou dynasty, the royal house preferred the colors gold and silver.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ However, red and black eventually replaced these metallic colors as royal favorites.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ Lee Hong-gi (; ; Japanese:イ•ホンギ) is a South Korean singer-songwriter, actor, writer, and fashion designer.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ He is best known for his singing abilities and being the main singer of the South Korean rock band F.T.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ Island.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ Lee released his first solo extended play \"FM302\" in South Korea on 18 November 2015 and his Japanese album \"AM302\" on 9 December 2015.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ Before Lee Hong-ki debuted as a singer with the band F.T.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ Island, he was a child actor, making his acting debut in 2002 in the KBS2 TV series \"Magic Kid Masuri\" as Masuri's friend.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ This sitcom gained popularity among elementary school students.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ He was also featured in \"Kkangsooni\", where he played the character of Eo Soo-bong, and sang for the sitcom's OST.", "Artificial nails __knowledge__ Artificial nails, also known as fake nails, false nails, fashion nails, nail enhancements, nail wraps, or nail extensions, are coverings placed over fingernails as fashion accessories.", "Artificial nails __knowledge__ Some artificial nails attempt to mimic the appearance of real fingernails as closely as possible, while other designs may deliberately stray in appearance from real fingernails.", "Artificial nails __knowledge__ Artificial nails are made from a wide variety of materials.", "Artificial nails __knowledge__ Unlike most manicures, artificial nails require constant upkeep, and is recommended that you get a \"fill\" every 2 weeks.", "Artificial nails __knowledge__ The artificial nails are not a replacement, but an extension for natural nails.", "Nail (anatomy) __knowledge__ A nail is a horn-like envelope covering the tips of the fingers and toes in most primates and a few other mammals.", "Nail (anatomy) __knowledge__ Nails are similar to claws in other animals.", "Nail (anatomy) __knowledge__ Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough protective protein called alpha-keratin.", "Nail (anatomy) __knowledge__ This protein is also found in the hooves and horns of different animals.", "Nail (anatomy) __knowledge__ The nail consists of the nail plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it.", "Nail (anatomy) __knowledge__ The matrix, sometimes called the \"matrix unguis\", keratogenous membrane, nail matrix, or onychostroma, is the tissue (or germinal matrix) which the nail protects.", "Nail (anatomy) __knowledge__ It is the part of the nail bed that is beneath the nail and contains nerves, lymph and blood vessels.", "Carlos Rolón __knowledge__ Carlos Rolón (born 1970), also known professionally as Carlos Rolón/Dzine or under the pseudonym Dzine, is an American contemporary visual artist of Puerto Rican descent.", "Carlos Rolón __knowledge__ Rolón’s work has been shown at museums and galleries internationally, including the Bass Museum of Art, Miami, Marta Herford Museum, Germany, Museo de Arte de Ponce, Puerto Rico and the 2007 Venice Biennale.", "Carlos Rolón __knowledge__ Carlos Rolón was born and raised in Chicago, where he still lives and works.", "Carlos Rolón __knowledge__ Rolón attended Columbia College Chicago in 1989, with a concentration in painting and drawing.", "Carlos Rolón __knowledge__ His early career was heavily influenced by early New York City street, hip hop, disco and punk culture of the 1980s.", "Nail (fastener) __knowledge__ In woodworking and construction, a nail is a pin-shaped object of metal (or wood, called a treenail or \"trunnel\") which is used as a fastener, as a peg to hang something, or sometimes as a decoration.", "Nail (fastener) __knowledge__ Generally, nails have a sharp point on one end and a flattened head on the other, but headless nails are available.", "Nail (fastener) __knowledge__ Nails are made in a great variety of forms for specialized purposes.", "Nail (fastener) __knowledge__ The most common is a \"wire nail\".", "Nail (fastener) __knowledge__ Other types of nails include \"pins\", \"tacks\", \"brads\", \"spikes\", and \"cleats.\"", "Nail (fastener) __knowledge__ Nails are typically driven into the workpiece by a hammer, a pneumatic nail gun, or a small explosive charge or primer." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nail art __knowledge__ Nail art is a creative way to paint, decorate, enhance, and embellish the nails.", "Nail art __knowledge__ It is a type of artwork that can be done on fingernails and toenails, usually after manicures or pedicures.", "Nail art __knowledge__ A manicure and a pedicure are beauty treatments that trim, shape, and polish the nail.", "Nail art __knowledge__ Often these procedures remove the cuticles and soften the skin around the nails.", "Nail art __knowledge__ The exact origin of nail treatments is unclear, since it appears to have originated in different parts of the world around the same time.", "Nail art __knowledge__ In ancient Egypt, from 5000 B.C.", "Nail art __knowledge__ to 3000 B.C., women would dye their nails with henna to indicate social status and seductiveness.", "Nail art __knowledge__ Women of the lower class wore pastel and neutral shades, while the upper classes wore deep, bright shades.", "Nail art __knowledge__ In Babylonia, 3200 B.C., men, not women, painted their nails with black and green kohl, an ancient cosmetic.", "Nail art __knowledge__ To prepare for war, warriors of Babylon spent hours having their nails prepared, hair curled and had other similar beauty treatments.", "Nail art __knowledge__ As in ancient Egypt, nail color indicated one's status, black for noblemen and green for the common man.", "Nail art __knowledge__ Around the same time, 3000 B.C., the first nail polish originated in ancient China.", "Nail art __knowledge__ It was made from beeswax, egg whites, gelatin, vegetable dyes, and gum arabic.", "Shibl al-Dawla Nasr __knowledge__ Abu Kamil Nasr ibn Salih ibn Mirdas (died 22 May 1038), also known by his \"laqab\" (honorific epithet) of Shibl al-Dawla (\"Lion cub of the Dynasty\"), was the second Mirdasid emir of Aleppo, ruling between 1029/30 until his death.", "Shibl al-Dawla Nasr __knowledge__ He was the eldest son of Salih ibn Mirdas, founder of the Mirdasid dynasty.", "Shibl al-Dawla Nasr __knowledge__ Nasr fought alongside his father in the battle of al-Uqhuwanah, where Salih was killed by a Fatimid army.", "Shibl al-Dawla Nasr __knowledge__ Afterward, Nasr ruled the emirate jointly with his brother Thimal.", "Shibl al-Dawla Nasr __knowledge__ The young emirs soon faced a large scale Byzantine offensive led by Emperor Romanos III.", "Shibl al-Dawla Nasr __knowledge__ Commanding a much smaller force of Bedouin horsemen, Nasr routed the Byzantines at the Battle of Azaz.", "Mu'izz al-Dawla Thimal __knowledge__ Mu'izz al-Dawla Thimal (died 1062) was the Mirdasid emir of Aleppo from 1042 until 1057, and again from 1061 until his death.", "Mu'izz al-Dawla Thimal __knowledge__ He was the son of Salih ibn Mirdas.", "Mu'izz al-Dawla Thimal __knowledge__ After their father was killed in battle against the Fatimid governor of Damascus, Anushtakin al-Duzbari, Thimal and his brother Shibl al-Dawla Nasr shared power in Aleppo.", "Mu'izz al-Dawla Thimal __knowledge__ During an absence from the town, however, Thimal was removed from power by his brother.", "Mu'izz al-Dawla Thimal __knowledge__ Nasr was thereafter the sole ruler of the Mirdasid territories until he was killed fighting al-Duzbari as well, in 1038.", "Mu'izz al-Dawla Thimal __knowledge__ Thimal fled, together with his Numayrid ally Shabib b. Waththab, back to Aleppo.", "Pinterest __knowledge__ Pinterest is a web and mobile application company that operates a software system designed to discover information on the World Wide Web, mainly using images and on a shorter scale, GIFs and videos.", "Pinterest __knowledge__ The site was founded by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra and Evan Sharp.", "Pinterest __knowledge__ Pinterest CEO Ben Silbermann summarized the company as a \"catalogue of ideas\" that inspires users to \"go out and do that thing\", rather than as an image-based social network.", "Pinterest __knowledge__ Development of Pinterest began in December 2009, and the site launched as a closed beta in March 2010.", "Pinterest __knowledge__ The site proceeded to operate in invitation-only open beta.", "Numayrid dynasty __knowledge__ The Numayrids were an Arab dynasty based in Diyar Mudar (western Upper Mesopotamia).", "Numayrid dynasty __knowledge__ They were emirs (princes) of their namesake tribe, the Banu Numayr.", "Numayrid dynasty __knowledge__ The senior branch of the dynasty, founded by Waththab ibn Sabiq in 990, more or less continuously ruled the Euphrates cities of Harran, Saruj and Raqqa until the late 11th century.", "Numayrid dynasty __knowledge__ In the early part of Waththab's reign (990–1019), the Numayrids also seized Edessa, until the Byzantines conquered it in the early 1030s.", "Numayrid dynasty __knowledge__ In 1062, the Numayrids lost Raqqa to their distant kinsmen and erstwhile allies, the Mirdasids, while by 1081, their capital Harran and nearby Saruj were conquered by the Turkish Seljuks and their Arab Uqaylid allies.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Rifq __knowledge__ Abū'l-Faḍl Rifq al-Khādim (ca.", "Rifq __knowledge__ 970 — 30 August 1049) was a black African eunuch in the court of Fatimid caliph al-Mustansir (r. 1036–1094) and a commander of the Fatimid army.", "Rifq __knowledge__ In 1024, during the reign of Caliph al-Zahir, Rifq led policing expeditions in the Egyptian countryside, earning him a reputation of loyalty.", "Rifq __knowledge__ In 1049, he was appointed governor of Damascus in place of Nasir al-Dawla al-Hamdani, and headed a 30,000-strong expedition to assert Fatimid control over Aleppo, then held by the Mirdasid emir Thimal ibn Salih.", "Rifq __knowledge__ His army consisted of Berbers, Turks, black Africans and, after it entered Syria, local Bedouin tribes.", "History of Plaid Cymru __knowledge__ Plaid Cymru; The Party of Wales (; often shortened to \"Plaid\") originated in 1925 after a meeting held at that year's National Eisteddfod in Pwllheli, Caernarfonshire (now Gwynedd).", "History of Plaid Cymru __knowledge__ Representatives from two Welsh nationalist groups founded the previous year, \"Byddin Ymreolwyr Cymru\" (\"the Army of Welsh Home Rulers\") and \"Y Mudiad Cymreig\" (\"The Welsh Movement\"), agreed to meet and discuss the need for a \"Welsh party\".", "History of Plaid Cymru __knowledge__ The party was founded as \"Plaid Genedlaethol Cymru\", the National Party of Wales, and attracted members from the left, right and centre of the political spectrum, including both monarchists and republicans.", "Manicure __knowledge__ A manicure is a cosmetic beauty treatment for the fingernails and hands performed at home or in a nail salon.", "Manicure __knowledge__ A manicure consists of filing and shaping the \"free edge\", pushing and clipping (with a cuticle pusher and cuticle nippers) any nonliving tissue (but limited to the cuticle and hangnails), treatments with various liquids, massage of the hand, and the application of fingernail polish.", "Manicure __knowledge__ When the same is applied to the toenails and feet, the treatment is referred to as a pedicure.", "Manicure __knowledge__ Some manicures include painting pictures or designs on the nails, or applying small decals or imitation jewels.", "Nail (anatomy) __knowledge__ A nail is a horn-like envelope covering the tips of the fingers and toes in most primates and a few other mammals.", "Nail (anatomy) __knowledge__ Nails are similar to claws in other animals.", "Nail (anatomy) __knowledge__ Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough protective protein called alpha-keratin.", "Nail (anatomy) __knowledge__ This protein is also found in the hooves and horns of different animals.", "Nail (anatomy) __knowledge__ The nail consists of the nail plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it.", "Nail (anatomy) __knowledge__ The matrix, sometimes called the \"matrix unguis\", keratogenous membrane, nail matrix, or onychostroma, is the tissue (or germinal matrix) which the nail protects.", "Nail (anatomy) __knowledge__ It is the part of the nail bed that is beneath the nail and contains nerves, lymph and blood vessels.", "Artificial nails __knowledge__ Artificial nails, also known as fake nails, false nails, fashion nails, nail enhancements, nail wraps, or nail extensions, are coverings placed over fingernails as fashion accessories.", "Artificial nails __knowledge__ Some artificial nails attempt to mimic the appearance of real fingernails as closely as possible, while other designs may deliberately stray in appearance from real fingernails.", "Artificial nails __knowledge__ Artificial nails are made from a wide variety of materials.", "Artificial nails __knowledge__ Unlike most manicures, artificial nails require constant upkeep, and is recommended that you get a \"fill\" every 2 weeks.", "Artificial nails __knowledge__ The artificial nails are not a replacement, but an extension for natural nails.", "Webbed toes __knowledge__ Webbed toes is the common name for syndactyly affecting the feet.", "Webbed toes __knowledge__ It is characterised by the fusion of two or more digits of the feet.", "Webbed toes __knowledge__ This is normal in many birds, such as ducks; amphibians, such as frogs; and mammals, such as kangaroos.", "Webbed toes __knowledge__ In humans it is considered unusual, occurring in approximately one in 2,000 to 2,500 live births.", "Webbed toes __knowledge__ There are various levels of webbing, from partial to complete.", "Webbed toes __knowledge__ For example, the rare Hose's civet, a viverrid endemic to northern Borneo, has partially webbed feet.", "Webbed toes __knowledge__ Most commonly the second and third toes are webbed or joined by skin and flexible tissue.", "Webbed toes __knowledge__ This can reach either part way up or nearly all the way up the toe.", "Gel nails __knowledge__ There are two types of gel, hard gel and soft gel.", "Gel nails __knowledge__ Hard gel gets its name because, once cured, it is tough enough to be made into a nail extension.", "Gel nails __knowledge__ Nail extensions are artificial nails created by using a nail product to extend the nail past the edge of the natural nail.", "Gel nails __knowledge__ Soft gel refers to the gel products that are too soft to create a nail extension.", "Gel nails __knowledge__ This includes gel polishes and thicker gels meant for gel-overlay services.", "Gel nails __knowledge__ Gel polishes are used for the increasingly popular gel polish manicures.", "Gel nails __knowledge__ These manicures, when done by caring, experienced, and trained professionals, are gentle to the natural nail and the polish stays intact on the nail for at least a couple of weeks with high shine and no cracking, peeling or chipping." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nail art __knowledge__ Nail art is a creative way to paint, decorate, enhance, and embellish the nails.", "Nail art __knowledge__ It is a type of artwork that can be done on fingernails and toenails, usually after manicures or pedicures.", "Nail art __knowledge__ A manicure and a pedicure are beauty treatments that trim, shape, and polish the nail.", "Nail art __knowledge__ Often these procedures remove the cuticles and soften the skin around the nails.", "Nail art __knowledge__ The exact origin of nail treatments is unclear, since it appears to have originated in different parts of the world around the same time.", "Nail art __knowledge__ In ancient Egypt, from 5000 B.C.", "Nail art __knowledge__ to 3000 B.C., women would dye their nails with henna to indicate social status and seductiveness.", "Nail art __knowledge__ Women of the lower class wore pastel and neutral shades, while the upper classes wore deep, bright shades.", "Nail art __knowledge__ In Babylonia, 3200 B.C., men, not women, painted their nails with black and green kohl, an ancient cosmetic.", "Nail art __knowledge__ To prepare for war, warriors of Babylon spent hours having their nails prepared, hair curled and had other similar beauty treatments.", "Nail art __knowledge__ As in ancient Egypt, nail color indicated one's status, black for noblemen and green for the common man.", "Nail art __knowledge__ Around the same time, 3000 B.C., the first nail polish originated in ancient China.", "Nail art __knowledge__ It was made from beeswax, egg whites, gelatin, vegetable dyes, and gum arabic.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ Nail polish (also known as nail varnish) is a lacquer that can be applied to the human fingernails or toenails to decorate and protect the nail plates.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ The formulation has been revised repeatedly to enhance its decorative effects, and to suppress cracking or flaking.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ Nail polish consists of a mix of an organic polymer and several other components, depending on the brand.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ Nail polish originated in China and dates back to 3000 BC.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ Around 600 BC, during the Zhou dynasty, the royal house preferred the colors gold and silver.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ However, red and black eventually replaced these metallic colors as royal favorites.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ Sexuality in ancient Rome, and more broadly, \"sexual attitudes and behaviors in ancient Rome,\" are indicated by Roman art, literature and inscriptions, and to a lesser extent by archaeological remains such as erotic artifacts and architecture.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ It has sometimes been assumed that \"unlimited sexual license\" was characteristic of ancient Rome; Verstraete and Provençal express the opinion that this perspective was simply a Christian interpretation: \"The sexuality of the Romans has never had good press in the West ever since the rise of Christianity.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ In the popular imagination and culture, it is synonymous with sexual license and abuse.\"", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ The history of cosmetics spans at least 6000 years and is present in almost every society on Earth.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetic body art is argued to have been the earliest form of a ritual in human culture.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ The evidence for this comes in the form of utilised red mineral pigments (red ochre) including crayons associated with the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" in Africa.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence of cosmetics certainly dates from ancient Egypt and Greece.", "History of cosmetics __knowledge__ According to one source, early major developments include the use of castor oil in ancient Egypt as a protective balm and skin creams made of beeswax, olive oil, and rosewater described by the Romans.", "Clothing in the ancient world __knowledge__ The preservation of fabric fibers and leathers allows for insights into the attire of ancient societies.", "Clothing in the ancient world __knowledge__ The clothing used in the ancient world reflects the technologies that these peoples mastered.", "Clothing in the ancient world __knowledge__ In many cultures, clothing indicated the social status of various members of society.", "Clothing in the ancient world __knowledge__ The development of attire and fashion is an exclusively human characteristic and is a feature of most human societies.", "Clothing in the ancient world __knowledge__ Clothing made of materials such as animal skins and vegetation was initially used by early humans to protect their bodies from the elements.", "Clothing in the ancient world __knowledge__ The usage of clothing and textiles across the ages reflects the varying development of civilizations and technologies.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.", "Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products __knowledge__ The environmental effect of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is largely speculative.", "Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products __knowledge__ PPCPs are substances used by individuals for personal health or cosmetic reasons and the products used by agribusiness to boost growth or health of livestock.", "Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products __knowledge__ PPCPs have been detected in water bodies throughout the world.", "Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products __knowledge__ The effects of these chemicals on humans and the environment are not yet known, but to date there is no scientific evidence that they affect human health.", "Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products __knowledge__ The term PPCPs contains as well environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants (EPPPs).", "Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products __knowledge__ The European Union summarizes pharmaceutical residues with the potential of contamination of water and soil together with other micropollutants under \"priority substances\".", "Hanbok __knowledge__ Hanbok (South Korea) or Joseon-oth (North Korea) is the representative example of traditional Korean dress.", "Hanbok __knowledge__ It is characterized by vibrant colors and simple lines without pockets.", "Hanbok __knowledge__ Although the term literally means \"Korean clothing\", hanbok usually refers specifically to clothing of the Joseon period and is worn as semi-formal or formal wear during traditional festivals and celebrations.", "Hanbok __knowledge__ Korea had a dual clothing tradition in which rulers and aristocrats adopted different kinds of mixed foreign-influenced indigenous styles while commoners preserved a distinct style of indigenous clothing, today known as hanbok.", "Fashion and clothing in the Philippines __knowledge__ Fashion and clothing in the Philippines refers to the way the people of Filipino society dress up in instances such as while they are at home, at work, travelling and when attending special occasions.", "Fashion and clothing in the Philippines __knowledge__ The clothing style and fashion sense of the Filipinos in the modern-day era have been influenced by their native ancestors: their Spanish colonizers (the Philippines was a colony of the Spanish Empire for around 300 years), the Americans (the Philippines was a territory of the United States for about 50 years), and even the Japanese (Japanese soldiers occupied the Philippines during World War II), as evidenced by the chronology of events that occurred in Philippine history.", "English medieval clothing __knowledge__ Around the year 1300 there was a change in well-off women’s clothing, to tighter-fitting garments, lower necklines, and more curvaceous silhouettes; “very tight lacing was used on women's clothes to create a form-fitting shape which, girdled at the hips, created a long-waisted appearance”.", "English medieval clothing __knowledge__ Clothing was over-lapped and tightly bound; “The female chest was frequently exposed, yet the true structure of the female body was visually distorted…”.", "English medieval clothing __knowledge__ The open surcoat, a garment with an open bodice and a skirt that trailed to the ground, became “one of the most elegant inventions of the Middle Ages…”.", "English medieval clothing __knowledge__ In fact, by the end of the 14th century, the gown had replaced all garment items aside from the surcoat.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nail art __knowledge__ Nail art is a creative way to paint, decorate, enhance, and embellish the nails.", "Nail art __knowledge__ It is a type of artwork that can be done on fingernails and toenails, usually after manicures or pedicures.", "Nail art __knowledge__ A manicure and a pedicure are beauty treatments that trim, shape, and polish the nail.", "Nail art __knowledge__ Often these procedures remove the cuticles and soften the skin around the nails.", "Nail art __knowledge__ The exact origin of nail treatments is unclear, since it appears to have originated in different parts of the world around the same time.", "Nail art __knowledge__ In ancient Egypt, from 5000 B.C.", "Nail art __knowledge__ to 3000 B.C., women would dye their nails with henna to indicate social status and seductiveness.", "Nail art __knowledge__ Women of the lower class wore pastel and neutral shades, while the upper classes wore deep, bright shades.", "Nail art __knowledge__ In Babylonia, 3200 B.C., men, not women, painted their nails with black and green kohl, an ancient cosmetic.", "Nail art __knowledge__ To prepare for war, warriors of Babylon spent hours having their nails prepared, hair curled and had other similar beauty treatments.", "Nail art __knowledge__ As in ancient Egypt, nail color indicated one's status, black for noblemen and green for the common man.", "Nail art __knowledge__ Around the same time, 3000 B.C., the first nail polish originated in ancient China.", "Nail art __knowledge__ It was made from beeswax, egg whites, gelatin, vegetable dyes, and gum arabic.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ Nail polish (also known as nail varnish) is a lacquer that can be applied to the human fingernails or toenails to decorate and protect the nail plates.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ The formulation has been revised repeatedly to enhance its decorative effects, and to suppress cracking or flaking.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ Nail polish consists of a mix of an organic polymer and several other components, depending on the brand.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ Nail polish originated in China and dates back to 3000 BC.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ Around 600 BC, during the Zhou dynasty, the royal house preferred the colors gold and silver.", "Nail polish __knowledge__ However, red and black eventually replaced these metallic colors as royal favorites.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ Lee Hong-gi (; ; Japanese:イ•ホンギ) is a South Korean singer-songwriter, actor, writer, and fashion designer.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ He is best known for his singing abilities and being the main singer of the South Korean rock band F.T.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ Island.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ Lee released his first solo extended play \"FM302\" in South Korea on 18 November 2015 and his Japanese album \"AM302\" on 9 December 2015.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ Before Lee Hong-ki debuted as a singer with the band F.T.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ Island, he was a child actor, making his acting debut in 2002 in the KBS2 TV series \"Magic Kid Masuri\" as Masuri's friend.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ This sitcom gained popularity among elementary school students.", "Lee Hong-gi __knowledge__ He was also featured in \"Kkangsooni\", where he played the character of Eo Soo-bong, and sang for the sitcom's OST.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ Cosmetology (from Greek , \"kosmētikos\", \"beautifying\"; and , \"-logia\") is the study and application of beauty treatment.", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ Branches of specialty include hairstyling, skin care, cosmetics, manicures/pedicures, non permanent hair removal such as waxing and sugaring and permanent hair removal processes such as electrology and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL).", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ A cosmetologist is defined as a person who gives beauty treatments to skin and hair etc.", "Cosmetology __knowledge__ Cosmetologists can be expanded into multiple parts including cutting and chemically treating hair, chemical hair removal without a sharp blade, fashion trends, wigs, nails and skin care, skin and hair analysis; relaxation techniques including head, neck, scalp, hand and feet basic massage and aroma therapies; plus ability to expertly apply makeup applications to cover or promote and can expand into further specialties such as reflexology; theatrical applications; cosmetics and others as listed below.", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 __knowledge__ The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) is a United States law, passed by the United States Congress in 1976 and administered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, that regulates the introduction of new or already existing chemicals.", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 __knowledge__ When the TSCA was put into place, all existing chemicals were considered to be safe for use and subsequently grandfathered in.", "Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 __knowledge__ Its three main objectives are to assess and regulate new commercial chemicals before they enter the market, to regulate chemicals already existing in 1976 that posed an \"unreasonable risk to health or to the environment\", as for example PCB's, lead, mercury and radon, and to regulate these chemicals' distribution and use.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Marshmallow __knowledge__ A marshmallow is a sugar-based confection that in its modern form typically consists of sugar, water and gelatin whipped to a spongy consistency, molded into small cylindrical pieces, and coated with corn starch.", "Marshmallow __knowledge__ Some marshmallow recipes call for eggs.", "Marshmallow __knowledge__ This is the modern version of a medicinal confection made from \"Althaea officinalis\", the marshmallow plant.", "Marshmallow __knowledge__ The word marshmallow stems from the mallow plant (\"Althaea officinalis\") that is a genus of an herb native to parts of Europe, North Africa, and Asia.", "Marshmallow __knowledge__ The word \"marsh\" is used because the mallow plant grows in marshes and other damp areas.", "Gum arabic __knowledge__ Gum arabic, also known as acacia gum, is a natural gum consisting of the hardened sap of various species of the acacia tree.", "Gum arabic __knowledge__ Originally, gum arabic was collected from \"Acacia nilotica\" which was called the \"gum arabic tree\"; in the present day, gum arabic is predominantly collected from two related species, namely \"Acacia senegal\" and \"Vachellia (Acacia) seyal\".", "Gum arabic __knowledge__ Producers harvest the gum commercially from wild trees, mostly in Sudan (80%) and throughout the Sahel, from Senegal to Somalia—though it is historically cultivated in Arabia and West Asia.", "Gum arabic __knowledge__ Gum arabic is a complex mixture of glycoproteins and polysaccharides.", "Angel food cake __knowledge__ Angel food cake, or angel cake, is a type of sponge cake made with egg whites, flour, and sugar.", "Angel food cake __knowledge__ A whipping agent, such as cream of tartar is commonly added.", "Angel food cake __knowledge__ It differs from other cakes because it uses no butter.", "Angel food cake __knowledge__ Its structure comes from whipped egg whites known as a protein foam.", "Angel food cake __knowledge__ Angel food cake originated in the United States and first became popular in the late 19th century.", "Angel food cake __knowledge__ It gained its unique reputation along with its name due to its light and fluffy texture, said to resemble the \"food of the angels\".", "Angel food cake __knowledge__ Angel food cake requires egg whites whipped until they are stiff; cream of tartar is added to the mixture to stabilize the egg whites.", "Cutex __knowledge__ Cutex is a brand of nail care products, the most prevalent of which is a cuticle extract.", "Cutex __knowledge__ The original product was developed and established in 1911 by Northam Warren Company, based in Stamford, Connecticut.", "Cutex __knowledge__ Though the brand has changed hands numerous times, \"Cutex Brands\" is the current owner.", "Cutex __knowledge__ Cutex produced the first nail tints in 1914.", "Cutex __knowledge__ In 1917, using a “paint” derived from automobile paint finish, Cutex introduced a liquid nail polish.", "Cutex __knowledge__ Prior to this time nail polish in the form of paste, cake or powder had not change much from ancient times.", "Cutex __knowledge__ By 1925, due to the example of Cutex, liquid was virtually the only type of nail polish." ] ]

[ 2, 8, 13, 36 ]

[ "I do enjoy getting artwork on my nails and toes after a manicure and padicure.", "Nail design used to be a way to show status. Women of lower class wore pastel and neutral shades, while the upper class wore deep and bright shades.", "The first nail polishes were made from beeswax, egg whites, gelatin, vegetable dyes, and gum arabic.", "Yes and unfortunately when they decided to start regulating the use of chemicals in 1976, all existing chemicals were considered safe for use because they were grandfathered. " ]

[ "Nail art", "Nail art", "Nail art", "Nail art" ]

[ "Christianity\nAre you a christian? it is a very popular religion", "Yes, I am as well, I am not very vocal about it, but I do go to church and believe in the faith", "That is true, and I do my best to be a genuinely good person, I hope that is enough", "That is crazy, that has to be the most of any religion right?", "Oh, well that is interesting, that is billions of people who all believe in the same thing, pretty cool in my opinion" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity is a Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as the Christ, or \"Messiah\", who is the focal point of the Christian faiths.", "Christianity __knowledge__ It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christians make up a majority of the population in 158 countries and territories.", "Christianity __knowledge__ They believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah (the Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity grew out of Judaism and began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Originating in the Roman province of Judea, it quickly spread to Europe, Syria, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Transcaucasia, Egypt, Ethiopia and the Indian subcontinent, and by the end of the 4th century had become the official state church of the Roman Empire.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Following the Age of Discovery, Christianity spread to the Americas, Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world through missionary work and colonization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christian theology is summarized in creeds such as the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ China has long been a cradle and host to a variety of the most enduring religio-philosophical traditions of the world.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ Confucianism and Taoism, later joined by Buddhism, constitute the \"three teachings\" that have shaped Chinese culture.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ There are no clear boundaries between these intertwined religious systems, which do not claim to be exclusive, and elements of each enrich popular or folk religion.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ The emperors of China claimed the Mandate of Heaven and participated in Chinese religious practices.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ In the early 20th century, reform-minded officials and intellectuals attacked all religions as \"superstitious\", and since 1949, China has been governed by the Communist Party of China, an atheist institution that prohibits party members from practising religion while in office.", "Lived religion __knowledge__ Lived religion is the ethnographic and holistic framework for understanding the beliefs, practices, and everyday experiences of religious and spiritual persons in religious studies.", "Lived religion __knowledge__ The name lived religion comes from the French tradition of sociology of religion \"la religion vécue.\"", "Lived religion __knowledge__ The concept of lived religion was popularized in the late 20th century by religious study scholars like Robert A. Orsi and David D. Hall.", "Lived religion __knowledge__ The study of lived religion has come to include a wide range of subject areas as a means of exploring and emphasizing what a religious person does and what they believe.", "Lived religion __knowledge__ Today, the field of lived religion is expanding to include many topics and scholars.", "Chinese folk religion __knowledge__ Chinese folk religion (Chinese popular religion) or Han folk religion is the religious tradition of the Han people, including veneration of forces of nature and ancestors, exorcism of harmful forces, and a belief in the rational order of nature which can be influenced by human beings and their rulers as well as spirits and gods.", "Chinese folk religion __knowledge__ Worship is devoted to a multiplicity of gods and immortals (神 \"shén\"), who can be deities of phenomena, of human behaviour, or progenitors of lineages.", "Chinese folk religion __knowledge__ Stories regarding some of these gods are collected into the body of Chinese mythology.", "Chinese folk religion __knowledge__ By the eleventh century (Song period) these practices had been blended with Buddhist ideas of karma (one's own doing) and rebirth, and Taoist teachings about hierarchies of gods, to form the popular religious system which has lasted in many ways until the present day.", "Folk religion __knowledge__ In religious studies and folkloristics, folk religion, popular religion, or vernacular religion comprises various forms and expressions of religion that are distinct from the official doctrines and practices of organized religion.", "Folk religion __knowledge__ The precise definition of folk religion varies among scholars.", "Folk religion __knowledge__ Sometimes also termed popular belief, it consists of ethnic or regional religious customs under the umbrella of a religion, but outside official doctrine and practices.", "Folk religion __knowledge__ The term \"folk religion\" is generally held to encompass two related but separate subjects.", "Folk religion __knowledge__ The first is the religious dimension of folk culture, or the folk-cultural dimensions of religion.", "Ancient Egyptian religion __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals which were an integral part of ancient Egyptian society.", "Ancient Egyptian religion __knowledge__ It centered on the Egyptians' interaction with many deities who were believed to be present in, and in control of, the forces of nature.", "Ancient Egyptian religion __knowledge__ Rituals such as prayers and offerings were efforts to provide for the gods and gain their favor.", "Ancient Egyptian religion __knowledge__ Formal religious practice centered on the pharaoh, the king of Egypt, who was believed to possess a divine power by virtue of his position.", "Ancient Egyptian religion __knowledge__ He acted as the intermediary between his people and the gods and was obligated to sustain the gods through rituals and offerings so that they could maintain order in the universe.", "Benoît Lacroix __knowledge__ Benoît Lacroix (; 8 September 1915 – 2 March 2016) was a Quebec theologian, philosopher, Dominican priest, professor in medieval studies and historian of the Medieval period, and author of almost 50 works and a great number of articles.", "Benoît Lacroix __knowledge__ He was born Joachim Lacroix in Saint-Michel-de-Bellechasse, Quebec, one of five children to Caïus Lacroix and Rose-Anna Blais.", "Benoît Lacroix __knowledge__ He studied at Collège de Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière obtaining a baccalaureate in the arts in 1936.", "Benoît Lacroix __knowledge__ The same year, he entered the Dominican school in Saint-Hyacinthe to study religion.", "Benoît Lacroix __knowledge__ He was ordained a priest with the Dominican Order on 5 July 1941, obtaining a degree in theology from the Dominican College in Ottawa in 1941.", "Cristián Parker Gumucio __knowledge__ Cristián Parker (born November 1953) Chilean sociologist, specialist in Latin America's sociology of religion.", "Cristián Parker Gumucio __knowledge__ Ph D. in Sociology, Université Catholique de Louvain and Licentiate in Sociology (Universidad Católica de Chile).", "Cristián Parker Gumucio __knowledge__ Full professor at the Universidad de Santiago de Chile, researcher at the Institute for Advanced Studies (Instituto de Estudios Avanzados), and Director of the Master in Social Sciences with major in Civil Society Studies program.", "Cristián Parker Gumucio __knowledge__ One of his major works is Popular Religion and Modernization in Latin America (Orbis) with Spanish and Portuguese versions.", "Cristián Parker Gumucio __knowledge__ His academic background includes different universities, such as Universidad Católica de Chile and Université Catholique de Louvain, where he got his training; Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano and Universidad de Santiago de Chile, where he has worked preferentially." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity is a Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as the Christ, or \"Messiah\", who is the focal point of the Christian faiths.", "Christianity __knowledge__ It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christians make up a majority of the population in 158 countries and territories.", "Christianity __knowledge__ They believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah (the Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity grew out of Judaism and began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Originating in the Roman province of Judea, it quickly spread to Europe, Syria, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Transcaucasia, Egypt, Ethiopia and the Indian subcontinent, and by the end of the 4th century had become the official state church of the Roman Empire.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Following the Age of Discovery, Christianity spread to the Americas, Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world through missionary work and colonization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christian theology is summarized in creeds such as the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Religious debates over the \"Harry Potter\" series of books by J. K. Rowling are based on claims that the novels contain occult or Satanic subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ A number of Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians have argued against the series, as have some Shia and Sunni Muslims.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Supporters of the series have said that the magic in \"Harry Potter\" bears little resemblance to occultism, being more in the vein of fairy tales such as \"Cinderella\" and \"Snow White\", or to the works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, both of whom are known for writing fantasy novels with Christian subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Far from promoting a particular religion, some argue, the \"Harry Potter\" novels go out of their way to avoid discussing religion at all.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Pentecostalism __knowledge__ Pentecostalism or Classical Pentecostalism is a renewal movement within Protestant Christianity that places special emphasis on a direct personal experience of God through the baptism with the Holy Spirit.", "Pentecostalism __knowledge__ The term \"Pentecostal\" is derived from Pentecost, the Greek name for the Jewish Feast of Weeks.", "Pentecostalism __knowledge__ For Christians, this event commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the followers of Jesus Christ, as described in the second chapter of the Book of Acts.", "Pentecostalism __knowledge__ Like other forms of evangelical Protestantism, Pentecostalism adheres to the inerrancy of the Bible and the necessity of accepting Jesus Christ as personal Lord and Savior.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Slavic Native Faith __knowledge__ The Slavic Native Faith, Rodnovery, is a modern Pagan religion.", "Slavic Native Faith __knowledge__ Classified as a new religious movement, its practitioners harken back to the historical belief systems of the Slavic peoples of Central and Eastern Europe.", "Slavic Native Faith __knowledge__ \"Rodnovery\" is a widely accepted self-descriptor within the community, although there are Rodnover organisations which further characterise the religion as Orthodoxy, Old Belief and Vedism.", "Slavic Native Faith __knowledge__ Rodnovers typically regard their religion as a faithful continuation of ancient beliefs that survived as folk religion or as conscious \"double belief\" following the Christianisation of the Slavs in the Middle Ages.", "Pope Francis __knowledge__ Pope Francis (; ; ; born Jorge Mario Bergoglio; 17 December 1936) is the 266th and current Pope of the Catholic Church, a title he holds \"ex officio\" as Bishop of Rome, and sovereign of Vatican City.", "Pope Francis __knowledge__ He chose Francis as his papal name in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi.", "Pope Francis __knowledge__ Francis is the first Jesuit pope, the first from the Americas, the first from the Southern Hemisphere, and the first pope from outside Europe since the Syrian Gregory III, who reigned in the 8th century.", "Pope Francis __knowledge__ Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Bergoglio worked briefly as a chemical technologist and nightclub bouncer before beginning seminary studies.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern Europe, Greece (including Anatolia), the Caucasus, and the Near East.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ A communion of autocephalous churches (″jurisdictions″, or national churches), each typically governed by its own Holy Synod, its bishops are equal by virtue of ordination, with doctrines summarised in the Nicene Creed.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Church has no central doctrinal or governance authority analogous to the Roman Catholic Church's pope; however, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares of the bishops, and the Church of Constantinople, since the Great Schism of 1054, enjoys precedence and certain prerogatives.", "Jesus __knowledge__ Jesus (), also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth and Jesus Christ, was a Jewish preacher and religious leader.", "Jesus __knowledge__ He is the central figure of Christianity.", "Jesus __knowledge__ Most Christians believe him to be the incarnation of God the Son and the awaited Messiah (Christ) prophesied in the Old Testament.", "Jesus __knowledge__ Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically, although the quest for the historical Jesus has produced little agreement on the historical reliability of the Gospels and on how closely the Jesus portrayed in the Bible reflects the historical Jesus.", "Jesus __knowledge__ Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was baptized by John the Baptist and subsequently began his own ministry, preaching his message orally and often being referred to as \"rabbi\".", "Messiah __knowledge__ In Abrahamic religions, the Messiah or Messias (; ) is a saviour or liberator of a group of people, more specifically, the Jewish people.", "Messiah __knowledge__ The concepts of Moshiach, Messianism, and of a Messianic Age originated in Judaism, and in the Hebrew Bible; a moshiach (messiah) is a king or High Priest traditionally anointed with holy anointing oil.", "Messiah __knowledge__ However, messiahs were not exclusively Jewish, as the Hebrew Bible refers to Cyrus the Great, king of Persia, as a messiah for his decree to rebuild the Jerusalem Temple.", "Messiah __knowledge__ In Judaism, the Jewish Messiah, \"hamashiach\" (המשיח, \"the Messiah\", \"the anointed one\"), often referred to as \"King Messiah\" (מלך המשיח, melekh mashiach), is to be a human leader, physically descended from the paternal Davidic line through King David and King Solomon.", "Messianic Judaism __knowledge__ Messianic Judaism is a modern syncretic religious movement that combines Christianity—most importantly, the Christian belief that Jesus is the Messiah—with elements of Judaism and Jewish tradition, its current form emerging in the 1960s and 1970s.", "Messianic Judaism __knowledge__ Messianic Judaism believes that Jesus is the Jewish Messiah and \"God the Son\" (one person of the Trinity), and that the Hebrew Bible, Old Testament, and New Testament are all authoritative scriptures.", "Messianic Judaism __knowledge__ Salvation in Messianic Judaism is achieved only through acceptance of Jesus as one's savior, and Jewish laws or customs which are followed do not contribute to salvation.", "Christian messianic prophecies __knowledge__ The New Testament frequently cites Jewish scripture to support the claim of the Early Christians that Jesus of Nazareth is the Messiah, and faith in Jesus as the Christos and his imminent expected Second Coming.", "Christian messianic prophecies __knowledge__ The majority of these quotations and references are taken from the Book of Isaiah, but they range over the entire corpus of Jewish writings.", "Christian messianic prophecies __knowledge__ People of the Jewish faith do not regard any of these as having been fulfilled by Jesus, and in some cases do not regard them as messianic prophecies at all.", "Christian messianic prophecies __knowledge__ These either were not prophecies (the verses make no claim of predicting anything) or the verses do not explicitly refer to the Messiah.", "Messiah ben Joseph __knowledge__ In Jewish eschatology Mashiach ben Yoseph or Messiah ben Joseph ( \"Mašīaḥ ben Yōsēf\"), also known as Mashiach bar/ben Ephraim (Aram./Heb.", "Messiah ben Joseph __knowledge__ : ), is a Jewish messiah from the tribe of Ephraim and a descendant of Joseph.", "Messiah ben Joseph __knowledge__ The figure's origins are much debated.", "Messiah ben Joseph __knowledge__ Some regard it as a rabbinic invention, but others defend the view that its origins are in the Torah.", "Messiah ben Joseph __knowledge__ Jewish tradition alludes to four messianic figures.", "Messiah ben Joseph __knowledge__ Called the Four Craftsmen, each will be involved in ushering in the Messianic age.", "Messiah ben Joseph __knowledge__ They are mentioned in the Talmud and the Book of Zechariah.", "Messiah ben Joseph __knowledge__ Rashi in his commentary on the Talmud gives more details.", "Monty Python's Life of Brian __knowledge__ Monty Python's Life of Brian, also known as Life of Brian, is a 1979 British religious satire comedy film starring and written by the comedy group Monty Python (Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones and Michael Palin).", "Monty Python's Life of Brian __knowledge__ It was also directed by Jones.", "Monty Python's Life of Brian __knowledge__ The film tells the story of Brian Cohen (played by Chapman), a young Jewish man who is born on the same day as, and next door to, Jesus Christ, and is subsequently mistaken for the Messiah.", "Monty Python's Life of Brian __knowledge__ Following the withdrawal of funding by EMI Films just days before production was scheduled to begin, long-time Monty Python fan and former member of the Beatles, George Harrison, arranged financing for \"Life of Brian\" through the formation of his company HandMade Films.", "Messiah (Handel) __knowledge__ Messiah (HWV 56) is an English-language oratorio composed in 1741 by George Frideric Handel, with a scriptural text compiled by Charles Jennens from the King James Bible, and from the version of the \"Psalms\" included with the \"Book of Common Prayer\".", "Messiah (Handel) __knowledge__ It was first performed in Dublin on 13 April 1742 and received its London premiere nearly a year later.", "Messiah (Handel) __knowledge__ After an initially modest public reception, the oratorio gained in popularity, eventually becoming one of the best-known and most frequently performed choral works in Western music.", "Messiah (Handel) __knowledge__ Handel's reputation in England, where he had lived since 1712, had been established through his compositions of Italian opera." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity is a Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as the Christ, or \"Messiah\", who is the focal point of the Christian faiths.", "Christianity __knowledge__ It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christians make up a majority of the population in 158 countries and territories.", "Christianity __knowledge__ They believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah (the Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity grew out of Judaism and began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Originating in the Roman province of Judea, it quickly spread to Europe, Syria, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Transcaucasia, Egypt, Ethiopia and the Indian subcontinent, and by the end of the 4th century had become the official state church of the Roman Empire.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Following the Age of Discovery, Christianity spread to the Americas, Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world through missionary work and colonization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christian theology is summarized in creeds such as the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed.", "Paradoxa Stoicorum __knowledge__ The Paradoxa Stoicorum () is a work by Cicero in which he attempts to explain six famous Stoic sayings that appear to go against common knowledge.", "Paradoxa Stoicorum __knowledge__ It was written sometime around 46 BC.", "Paradoxa Stoicorum __knowledge__ The work is dedicated to Marcus Brutus.", "Paradoxa Stoicorum __knowledge__ In the introduction, Cicero praises Brutus' uncle Cato the Younger who was still alive at this date.", "Paradoxa Stoicorum __knowledge__ Cicero was motivated to write the work in order to re-express Stoic arguments within the language of rhetorical Latin.", "Paradoxa Stoicorum __knowledge__ Cicero states his intention is to make a version of an original Greek work in a language appropriate for the mode of the Forum.", "Paradoxa Stoicorum __knowledge__ The subject of the work is to examine a principle of Stoic thought: \"the paradoxes\".", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Non-cognitivism __knowledge__ Non-cognitivism is the meta-ethical view that ethical sentences do not express propositions (i.e., statements) and thus cannot be true or false (they are not truth-apt).", "Non-cognitivism __knowledge__ A noncognitivist denies the cognitivist claim that \"moral judgments are capable of being objectively true, because they describe some feature of the world\".", "Non-cognitivism __knowledge__ If moral statements cannot be true, and if one cannot know something that is not true, noncognitivism implies that moral knowledge is impossible.", "Non-cognitivism __knowledge__ Non-cognitivism entails that non-cognitive attitudes underlie moral discourse and this discourse therefore consists of non-declarative speech acts, although accepting that its surface features may consistently and efficiently work as if moral discourse were cognitive.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "List of Family Matters characters __knowledge__ \"Family Matters\" is an American sitcom revolving around the Winslow family, a middle-class African-American family living in Chicago; the series ran for nine seasons (eight on ABC and one on CBS).", "List of Family Matters characters __knowledge__ The series is a spin-off of \"Perfect Strangers\".", "List of Family Matters characters __knowledge__ Midway through the first season, the show introduced the Winslows' nerdy neighbor Steve Urkel (played by Jaleel White), who quickly became its breakout character and eventually a main character.", "List of Family Matters characters __knowledge__ The series had a total of 12 main characters, with some characters portrayed by multiple actors.", "List of Family Matters characters __knowledge__ JoMarie Payton originally appeared on \"Perfect Strangers\" in 1987 in the recurring role of Harriette Winslow, the elevator operator for the \"Chicago Chronicle\".", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The primary characters of the American television comedy series \"Parks and Recreation\" are the employees of the parks department of Pawnee, a fictional Indiana town.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The protagonist is Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler), the deputy parks director as well as serving on city council, and the rest of the ensemble cast consists of her friends and co-workers, including nurse Ann Perkins (Rashida Jones), parks director Ron Swanson (Nick Offerman), and parks department employees Tom Haverford (Aziz Ansari), April Ludgate (Aubrey Plaza), Andy Dwyer (Chris Pratt), Jerry Gergich (Jim O'Heir), and Donna Meagle (Retta).", "Juliette Barnes __knowledge__ Juliette Jolene Barnes-Barkley is a fictional character and one of the two leads in the ABC/CMT musical drama series \"Nashville\".", "Juliette Barnes __knowledge__ Juliette is portrayed by actress Hayden Panettiere since the pilot episode, which aired on October 10, 2012.", "Juliette Barnes __knowledge__ Juliette was a teenage country sensation and is now making more mature music.", "Juliette Barnes __knowledge__ She tries to take the throne, as Queen of Country music, from rival Rayna Jaymes.", "Juliette Barnes __knowledge__ Panettiere has received critical acclaim for her performance as Juliette and she has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Television Series Drama in 2013 and 2014, a Satellite Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama in 2012 and a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2016.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in the comic book series The Boys, created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The Boys are a CIA black ops team, initially created by Col. Greg Mallory to manage, police, and sometimes liquidate Vought-American's superhumans.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ While this is in part to help protect normal humans from the actions of the largely out of control \"supes,\" this is also to ensure that the company lack the stability or the platform to push the use of superhumans in national defense.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ Over time, however, the team's focus was changed, due to Butcher's increased influence, from one of management and containment to one of direct confrontation.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity is a Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as the Christ, or \"Messiah\", who is the focal point of the Christian faiths.", "Christianity __knowledge__ It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christians make up a majority of the population in 158 countries and territories.", "Christianity __knowledge__ They believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah (the Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity grew out of Judaism and began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Originating in the Roman province of Judea, it quickly spread to Europe, Syria, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Transcaucasia, Egypt, Ethiopia and the Indian subcontinent, and by the end of the 4th century had become the official state church of the Roman Empire.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Following the Age of Discovery, Christianity spread to the Americas, Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world through missionary work and colonization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christian theology is summarized in creeds such as the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed.", "South Indian Education Society High School __knowledge__ S.I.E.S.", "South Indian Education Society High School __knowledge__ High School, Matunga (Mumbai) is one of Mumbai's oldest and premier educational institutions.", "South Indian Education Society High School __knowledge__ It is a co-educational English medium school, affiliated to Maharashtra Secondary School Certificate (SSC) Board, reputed for its high academic service, discipline and efficient management.", "South Indian Education Society High School __knowledge__ The school is recognized by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai for primary education and Government of Maharashtra (and follows the SSC syllabus).", "South Indian Education Society High School __knowledge__ The institution caters to the educational needs of all students irrespective of caste, creed or religion right from the Pre-Primary level to the Secondary level.", "AHRC/ESRC Religion and Society Programme __knowledge__ The AHRC/ESRC Religion and Society Programme is a five-year strategic research initiative funded by two UK research councils: the Arts and Humanities Research Council and the Economic and Social Research Council.", "AHRC/ESRC Religion and Society Programme __knowledge__ running 2007-2012.", "AHRC/ESRC Religion and Society Programme __knowledge__ It has funded 75 projects across UK universities investigating various aspects of the complex relationships between religion and society, both historical and contemporary.", "AHRC/ESRC Religion and Society Programme __knowledge__ Research supported includes the website \"British Religion in Numbers\", providing a one-stop shop for statistics on religion in Britain led by Professor David Voas at Manchester University, Professor Kim Knott at Leeds University's restudy of British media coverage of religion and spirituality, and an investigation of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh shrine practices across the Punjab led by Dr Tej Purewal, also at Manchester.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk (Oglala Lakota: \"Čhetáŋ Kiŋyáŋ\" in Standard Lakota Orthography; a/k/a Moses Flying Hawk; March 1854 – December 24, 1931) was an Oglala Lakota warrior, historian, educator and philosopher.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk's life chronicles the history of the Oglala Lakota people through the 19th and early 20th centuries, as he fought to deflect the worst effects of white rule; educate his people and preserve sacred Oglala Lakota land and heritage.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Chief Flying Hawk was a combatant in Red Cloud's War and in nearly all of the fights with the U.S. Army during the Great Sioux War of 1876.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ He fought alongside his first cousin Crazy Horse and his brothers Kicking Bear and Black Fox II in the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876, and was present at the death of Crazy Horse in 1877 and the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ Crazy Horse (Lakota: in Standard Lakota Orthography, IPA:, literally \"His-Horse-Is-Crazy\"; 1840 – September 5, 1877) was a Native American war leader of the Oglala Lakota in the 19th century.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ He took up arms against the United States federal government to fight against encroachment by white American settlers on Indian territory and to preserve the traditional way of life of the Lakota people.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ His participation in several famous battles of the American Indian Wars on the northern Great Plains, among them the Fetterman massacre in 1866, in which he acted as a decoy, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, in which he led a war party to victory, earned him great respect from both his enemies and his own people.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ \"Crazy in Love\" is a song by American singer Beyoncé featuring American rapper Jay-Z, from Beyoncé's debut solo studio album \"Dangerously in Love\" (2003).", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Both artists wrote and composed the song in collaboration with Rich Harrison and Eugene Record; the former also produced it with Beyoncé.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Using samples from The Chi-Lites's 1970 song \"Are You My Woman (Tell Me So)\", \"Crazy in Love\" is a contemporary R&B and pop love song that incorporates elements of hip hop, soul, and 1970s-style funk music.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Its lyrics describe a romantic obsession that causes the protagonist to act out of character.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"Crazy in Love\" as the lead single from \"Dangerously in Love\" on May 18, 2003.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ Crazy Taxi is a series of score attack racing video games that was developed by Hitmaker and published by Sega.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ The first game appeared in arcades in 1999 and was very successful, prompting Sega to port the arcade version to their Dreamcast console in 2000.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ It is the third best-selling Dreamcast game in the United States, selling over a million copies.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ The game was later ported to the PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, and PC with sequels also appearing on the Xbox, Game Boy Advance, and PlayStation Portable systems.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ Each game has the player assume the role of a taxi driver who must accumulate money by delivering passengers to their destinations in the fastest time possible, earning tips by performing \"crazy stunts\" before the time runs out.", "Super Crazy __knowledge__ Francisco Islas Rueda (born December 3, 1973) is a Mexican professional wrestler, or \"luchador\", best known by his ring name Super Crazy.", "Super Crazy __knowledge__ In Mexico, Islas has worked for AAA (AAA) and made appearances for various independent promotions but is not currently associated with one specific Mexican promotion.", "Super Crazy __knowledge__ As Super Crazy, Islas gained American exposure by working for Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) between 1998 and 2000 and for World Wrestling Entertainment between 2005 and 2008.", "Super Crazy __knowledge__ He has also toured Japan on several occasions, working for New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW), Pro Wrestling Zero-One (Zero-1), All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) and Pro Wrestling Noah.", "World population __knowledge__ In demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living.", "World population __knowledge__ The world population was estimated to have reached 7.6 billion as of December 2017 .", "World population __knowledge__ The United Nations estimates it will further increase to 11.8 billion by the year 2100.", "World population __knowledge__ World population has experienced continuous growth since the end of the Great Famine of 1315–17 and the Black Death in 1350, when it was near 370 million.", "World population __knowledge__ The highest population growth rates – global population increases above 1.8% per year – occurred between 1955 and 1975, peaking to 2.06% between 1965 and 1970.", "World population __knowledge__ The growth rate has declined to 1.18% between 2010 and 2015 and is projected to decline to 0.13% by the year 2100.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Human overpopulation (or population overshoot) occurs when the ecological footprint of a human population in a specific geographical location exceeds the carrying capacity of the place occupied by that group.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Overpopulation can further be viewed, in a long term perspective, as existing if a population cannot be maintained given the rapid depletion of non-renewable resources or given the degradation of the capacity of the environment to give support to the population.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Changes in lifestyle could reverse overpopulated status without a large population reduction.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ The term \"human overpopulation\" refers to the relationship between the entire human population and its environment: the Earth, or to smaller geographical areas such as countries.", "Growth of religion __knowledge__ Growth of religion is the spread of religions and the increase of religious adherents around the world.", "Growth of religion __knowledge__ The statistics are commonly measured by the absolute number of adherents, the percentage of the absolute growth per year, and the growth of the number of converts in the world.", "Growth of religion __knowledge__ Projections of future religious adherence are based on assumptions that trends, total fertility rates, life expectancy, political climate, conversion rates, secularization, etc will continue.", "Growth of religion __knowledge__ Such forecasts cannot be validated empirically and are contentious, but are useful for comparison.", "Growth of religion __knowledge__ Studies in the 21st century show that, in terms of percentage and worldwide spread, Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the world.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In ecology, sustainability (from \"sustain\" and \"ability\") is the property of biological systems to remain diverse and productive indefinitely.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In more general terms, sustainability is the endurance of systems and processes.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ The organizing principle for sustainability is sustainable development, which includes the four interconnected domains: ecology, economics, politics and culture.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability science is the study of sustainable development and environmental science.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability can also be defined as a socio-ecological process characterized by the pursuit of a common ideal.", "Food security __knowledge__ Food security is a condition related to the supply of food, and individuals' access to it.", "Food security __knowledge__ There is evidence of granaries being in use over 10,000 years ago, with central authorities in civilizations including ancient China and ancient Egypt being known to release food from storage in times of famine.", "Food security __knowledge__ At the 1974 World Food Conference the term \"food security\" was defined with an emphasis on supply.", "Food security __knowledge__ Food security, they said, is the \"availability at all times of adequate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a steady expansion of food consumption and to offset fluctuations in production and prices\".", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The effects of global warming include its gayon human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The observed and projected increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts will further exacerbate the effects on human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This article describes some of those effects on individuals and populations.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ A good example of the impact of global warming on health can be seen in the disease Erythromelalgia.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This is a vascular disease that is commonly triggered by the involvement of change in temperature, which leads to syndromes including (first and second degree) burning pain, increased temperature, erythema and swelling, of mainly the hands and feet that are affected.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern Europe, Greece (including Anatolia), the Caucasus, and the Near East.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ A communion of autocephalous churches (″jurisdictions″, or national churches), each typically governed by its own Holy Synod, its bishops are equal by virtue of ordination, with doctrines summarised in the Nicene Creed.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Church has no central doctrinal or governance authority analogous to the Roman Catholic Church's pope; however, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares of the bishops, and the Church of Constantinople, since the Great Schism of 1054, enjoys precedence and certain prerogatives." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity is a Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as the Christ, or \"Messiah\", who is the focal point of the Christian faiths.", "Christianity __knowledge__ It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christians make up a majority of the population in 158 countries and territories.", "Christianity __knowledge__ They believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah (the Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christianity grew out of Judaism and began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the mid-1st century.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Originating in the Roman province of Judea, it quickly spread to Europe, Syria, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Transcaucasia, Egypt, Ethiopia and the Indian subcontinent, and by the end of the 4th century had become the official state church of the Roman Empire.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Following the Age of Discovery, Christianity spread to the Americas, Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world through missionary work and colonization.", "Christianity __knowledge__ Christian theology is summarized in creeds such as the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The manga series \"Rurouni Kenshin\" features a large cast of fictional characters created by Nobuhiro Watsuki.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ Set in Japan during the Meiji period, several of the characters are real historical figures who interact with the fictional characters.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ The story follows a pacifist wanderer named Himura Kenshin, who was previously an assassin known as \"\"Hitokiri Battōsai\"\" working for the Isshin Shishi during the Bakumatsu period.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ After helping Kamiya Kaoru, the instructor of a kendo school in Tokyo, in defeating a criminal he is invited by her to stay at her dojo.", "List of Rurouni Kenshin characters __knowledge__ During his stay in Tokyo, Kenshin befriends new people including Myōjin Yahiko, a young child descendant from a samurai family who starts training under Kaoru, Sagara Sanosuke, a former Sekihō who enjoys fighting, and Takani Megumi, a doctor involved with the illegal drug trade.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ Dear... is The Grace's second Japanese album released on January 9, 2009.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ The title track \"\"Sukoshi de Ikara\" (少しでいいから) (A Little Bit of Good)\" was used as the movie \"Subaru\" soundtrack song.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ Tenjochiki's second studio album includes 2 singles released from July 2008 in Japan including the B-side of their 7th single \"Here\": \"Near: Thoughtful 1220\" and the album consists of a total of 9 tracks.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ The album peaked #14 on Oricon daily album charts and #37 on the Oricon weekly album charts, charted for 3 weeks and sold 4,734 copies, making their most successful Japanese album so far.", "Dear... (The Grace album) __knowledge__ Known as “The Grace” in Korea and “Tenjo Chiki” in Japan, the pop group consists of So.", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring \"Saturday Night Live\" characters and sketches introduced between September 25, 2010, and May 21, 2011, the thirty-sixth season of \"SNL\".", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ Vanessa Bayer plays teen Disney Channel star Miley Cyrus as the exuberant host of her own talk show.", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ (Theme song: \"I've got guests, and a show, and I'm ready to go!", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ So I guess that's pretty cool!", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ It's pretty cool!\")", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ Bryan Cranston played her father and house band leader Billy Ray Cyrus in the sketch's debut; he was replaced by Jason Sudeikis in later installments.", "Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2010–2011 __knowledge__ Bayer performed her impression of Cyrus during her auditions for SNL.", "Political views of Bill O'Reilly __knowledge__ American commentator Bill O'Reilly regularly expresses his points of view on a wide variety of political, social, and moral issues.", "Political views of Bill O'Reilly __knowledge__ He has personally labeled his political philosophy \"traditionalism\".", "Political views of Bill O'Reilly __knowledge__ \"The O'Reilly Factor,\" since its inception on the Fox News Channel in 1996, has been the primary outlet of his opinions.", "Political views of Bill O'Reilly __knowledge__ O'Reilly started his own radio program, \"The Radio Factor\", a few years later.", "Political views of Bill O'Reilly __knowledge__ He has also written several non-fiction books detailing some of his beliefs.", "Political views of Bill O'Reilly __knowledge__ O'Reilly generally leans to the right on most issues, most notably the Bush administration's War on Terror, but breaks from the conservative and Republican majority on such issues as the global warming controversy, gun control, gay marriage and the death penalty.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Abrahamic religions __knowledge__ The Abrahamic religions, also referred to collectively as Abrahamism, are a group of Semitic-originated religious communities of faith that claim descent from the practices of the ancient Israelites and the worship of the God of Abraham.", "Abrahamic religions __knowledge__ The term derives from a figure from the Bible known as Abraham.", "Abrahamic religions __knowledge__ Abrahamic religion was able to spread globally through Christianity being adopted by the Roman Empire in the 4th century and the Islamic Empire from the 7th century onward.", "Abrahamic religions __knowledge__ As a consequence, today the Abrahamic religions are one of the major divisions in comparative religion (along with Indian, Iranian, and East Asian religions).", "List of religious sites __knowledge__ This article provides an incomplete list and broad overview of significant religious sites and places of spiritual importance throughout the world.", "List of religious sites __knowledge__ Sites are listed alphabetically by religion.", "List of religious sites __knowledge__ Abrahamic religions are those monotheistic faiths emphasizing and tracing their common origin to Abraham or recognizing a spiritual tradition identified with him.", "List of religious sites __knowledge__ They constitute one of three major divisions in comparative religion, along with Indian religions (Dharmic) and East Asian religions (Taoic).", "List of religious sites __knowledge__ The three major Abrahamic faiths (in chronological order of revelation) are Judaism, Christianity and Islam.", "Judaism __knowledge__ Judaism (originally from Hebrew , \"Yehudah\", \"Judah\"; via Latin and Greek) is an ancient, monotheistic, Abrahamic religion with the Torah as its foundational text.", "Judaism __knowledge__ It encompasses the religion, philosophy and culture of the Jewish people.", "Judaism __knowledge__ Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenant that God established with the Children of Israel.", "Judaism __knowledge__ Judaism includes a wide corpus of texts, practices, theological positions, and forms of organization.", "Judaism __knowledge__ The Torah is part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or the Hebrew Bible, and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud.", "Islamic–Jewish relations __knowledge__ Islamic–Jewish relations started in the 7th century AD with the origin and spread of Islam in the Arabian peninsula.", "Islamic–Jewish relations __knowledge__ The two religions share similar values, guidelines, and principles.", "Islamic–Jewish relations __knowledge__ Islam also incorporates Jewish history as a part of its own.", "Islamic–Jewish relations __knowledge__ Muslims regard the Children of Israel as an important religious concept in Islam.", "Islamic–Jewish relations __knowledge__ Moses, the most important prophet of Judaism, is also considered a prophet and messenger in Islam.", "Islamic–Jewish relations __knowledge__ Moses is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual, and his life is narrated and recounted more than that of any other prophet.", "Islamic–Jewish relations __knowledge__ There are approximately forty-three references to the Israelites in the Quran (excluding individual prophets), and many in the Hadith.", "Religion in Albania __knowledge__ Albania is constitutionally a secular country, and as such, \"neutral in questions of belief and conscience\".", "Religion in Albania __knowledge__ The most-commonly practiced Religion in Albania is Islam, the second-most-commonly practiced religion is Christianity.", "Religion in Albania __knowledge__ Religious observance and practice is generally lax and polls have shown that, compared to the populations of other countries, few Albanians consider religion to be a dominant factor in their lives.", "Religion in Albania __knowledge__ Christianity spread to urban centers in the region of Albania, at the time composed mostly Epirus Nova and part of south Illyricum, during the later period of Roman invasion and reached the region relatively early.", "Religion in Africa __knowledge__ Religion in Africa is multifaceted and has been a major influence on art, culture and philosophy.", "Religion in Africa __knowledge__ Today, the continent's various populations and individuals are mostly adherents of Christianity, Islam, and to a lesser extent several Traditional African religions.", "Religion in Africa __knowledge__ In Christian or Islamic communities, religious beliefs are also sometimes characterized with syncretism with the beliefs and practices of traditional religions.", "Religion in Africa __knowledge__ Africa encompasses a wide variety of traditional beliefs.", "Religion in Africa __knowledge__ Although religious customs are sometimes shared by many local societies, they are usually unique to specific populations or geographic regions." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 2, 8, 2 ]

[ "Oh I am, Jesus, the Messiah, has gotten me through some pretty tough times, what about you?", "Oh, well just trust in the Son of God and you'll be saved, if he wants you to be vocal than follow him, but know he doesn't call everyone to that life", "As long as you're loving your neighbor, you'll be fine! Along with the 33% of the global population who claim to be Christian as well", "Well, after the Age of Discovery, Christianity spread to the Americas and everywhere, but I'm pretty sure it's an even 1/3 split between the main abrahamic faiths, Judaism and Muslim", "Oh, yes, with over 2.4 billion followers it's just amazing to see our God at work in the world!" ]

[ "Christianity", "Christianity", "Christianity", "Christianity", "Christianity" ]

[ "Madrid", "Actually I have! It was a good 30 years ago, though. I can't say I recall it clearly.", "I recall that it seemed much more metropolitan than the other cities in Spain where I visited. Back then, it reminded me of New York City, but with fewer lights.", "See, I don't even recall all that. I guess the river was a draw to create the city." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Madrid __knowledge__ Madrid (, , ) is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The city has almost 3.166 million inhabitants with a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million.", "Madrid __knowledge__ It is the third-largest city in the European Union (EU) after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan area is the third-largest in the EU after those of London and Paris.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The municipality itself covers an area of .", "Madrid __knowledge__ Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid (which comprises the city of Madrid, its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages); this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha.", "Madrid __knowledge__ As the capital city of Spain, seat of government, and residence of the Spanish monarch, Madrid is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The current mayor is Manuela Carmena from the party Ahora Madrid.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influences in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Madrid __knowledge__ Madrid (, , ) is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The city has almost 3.166 million inhabitants with a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million.", "Madrid __knowledge__ It is the third-largest city in the European Union (EU) after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan area is the third-largest in the EU after those of London and Paris.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The municipality itself covers an area of .", "Madrid __knowledge__ Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid (which comprises the city of Madrid, its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages); this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha.", "Madrid __knowledge__ As the capital city of Spain, seat of government, and residence of the Spanish monarch, Madrid is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The current mayor is Manuela Carmena from the party Ahora Madrid.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influences in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement is a defence procurement project of the Canadian government to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), a process started in 1997.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The F-35 procurement has been a source of considerable controversy in public policy circles in Canada since the federal government announced its intention to purchase the aircraft in 2010.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ In April 2012, with the release of a highly critical Auditor General of Canada report on the failures of the government's F-35 program, the procurement was labelled a national \"scandal\" and \"fiasco\" by the media.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division __knowledge__ Part of Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Westinghouse Power Generation group, the Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division (CTSD) was originally located, along with the Steam Turbine Division (STD), in a major industrial manufacturing complex, referred to as the South Philadelphia Works, in Lester, PA near to the Philadelphia International Airport.", "Westinghouse Combustion Turbine Systems Division __knowledge__ Before first being called \"CTSD\" in 1978, the Westinghouse industrial and electric utility gas turbine business operation progressed through several other names starting with Small Steam & Gas Turbine Division (SSGT) in the 1950s through 1971, then Gas Turbine Systems Division (GTSD) and Generation Systems Division (GSD) through the mid-late 1970s.", "Characters in Ghost Trick: Phantom Detective __knowledge__ \"\" is a Nintendo DS video game developed by Shu Takumi in 2010.", "Characters in Ghost Trick: Phantom Detective __knowledge__ Like Takumi's other works, \"Ghost Trick\" has a strong emphasis on characters, while the plot's central theme is death and mystery.", "Characters in Ghost Trick: Phantom Detective __knowledge__ It stars Sissel, a ghost who is attempting to recover his memories.", "Characters in Ghost Trick: Phantom Detective __knowledge__ Other major characters include Lynne, who acts as a sidekick to Sissel, and is seeking to uncover a mystery of 10 years ago; Jowd, a detective who is accused of murdering his wife; Kamila, the daughter of Jowd; Missile, a Pomeranian who, after dying, chooses to stay dead so that he can protect his owner Kamila; Ray, a ghost who inhabits a desk lamp and initiates Sissel's journey; Cabanela, a detective and friend of Jowd who enjoys dancing; The pigeon man, the superintendent of the junkyard where the game begins; The justice minister, a man who the protagonists beseech to stay Jowd's execution; Yomiel, a ghost who seeks revenge for the events of 10 years ago; and the antagonists, an unidentified organization from a foreign country who seek to kill anyone involved in the events of 10 years ago.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ The \"Pandora Hearts\" manga and anime series features an extensive cast of fictional characters created by Jun Mochizuki.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ The series revolves around Oz, heir to the Vessalius Dukedom, who has just turned fifteen.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ His life is rich and carefree, darkened only by the constant absence of his father.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ At his coming-of-age ceremony, everything changes.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ For no reason that he can discern, Oz is cast into the prison known as the \"Abyss\", only to be saved by a girl known as Alice, the Bloodstained Black Rabbit.", "List of Pandora Hearts characters __knowledge__ The mystery there begins as Oz unravels the mystery behind Alice, the Abyss and the strange organization known as \"Pandora\".", "Community of Madrid __knowledge__ The Community of Madrid (; ) is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain.", "Community of Madrid __knowledge__ It is located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, and of the Castilian Central Plateau (\"Meseta Central\").", "Community of Madrid __knowledge__ Its capital is the city of Madrid, which is also the capital of the country.", "Community of Madrid __knowledge__ The Community of Madrid is bounded to the south and east by Castile–La Mancha and to the north and west by Castile and León.", "Community of Madrid __knowledge__ Historically and culturally, the Community of Madrid has belonged to Castile; specifically, to the historical region of New Castile.", "Community of Madrid __knowledge__ The Community of Madrid was created for administrative and political reasons, as the seat of the capital of Spain.", "AVE __knowledge__ Alta Velocidad Española (AVE) is a service of high-speed rail in Spain operated by Renfe, the Spanish national railway company, at speeds of up to .", "AVE __knowledge__ translates to \"Spanish High Speed\", but the initials are also a play on the word , meaning \"bird\".", "AVE __knowledge__ As of August 2017, the Spanish AVE system is the longest HSR network in Europe with and the second longest in the world, after China's.", "AVE __knowledge__ AVE trains run on a network of high-speed rail track owned and managed by ADIF (\"Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias\"), where other high-speed (, Alvia) and mid-speed (Altaria) services also operate.", "AVE __knowledge__ The first line was opened in 1992, connecting the cities of Madrid, Córdoba and Seville.", "Economy of Madrid __knowledge__ After it became the capital of Spain in the 16th century, Madrid was more a centre of consumption than of production or trade.", "Economy of Madrid __knowledge__ Economic activity was largely devoted to supplying the city’s own rapidly growing population, including the royal household and national government, such trades as banking and publishing.", "Economy of Madrid __knowledge__ A large industrial sector did not develop until the 20th century, but thereafter industry greatly expanded and diversified, making Madrid the second industrial city in Spain.", "Economy of Madrid __knowledge__ However, the economy of the city is now becoming more and more dominated by the service sector.", "Economy of Madrid __knowledge__ After Philip II made Madrid the capital city of the Spanish Empire in 1561, the city experienced rapid growth.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "Rosters of the top basketball teams in European club competitions __knowledge__ The rosters of the top basketball teams in each season's European-wide professional club competitions (tiers 1-4): CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: ASK Riga (USSR) Jānis Krūmiņš, Valdis Muižnieks, Maigonis Valdmanis, Gundars Muiznieks, Oļģerts Hehts, Leons Jankovskis, Alvils Gulbis, Teobalds Kalherts, Aivars Leonciks, Juris Kalnins, Ivars Veritis, Janis Davids, Gunars Silinš (Coach: Alexander Gomelsky) Runner-up: Academic Sofia (Bulgaria) Viktor Radev, Georgi Panov, Ljubomir Panov, Mikhail Semov, Konstantin Stoimenov, Nikola Ilov, Atanas Atanasov, Ivan Emanuilov, Ljubomir Dardov, Aleksandar Blagoev, Nejcho Nejchev, Petko Lazarov (Coach: Bozhidar Takev) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: ASK Riga (USSR) Jānis Krūmiņš, Valdis Muižnieks, Gundars Muiznieks, Maigonis Valdmanis, Oļģerts Hehts, Leons Jankovskis, Alvils Gulbis, Teobalds Kalherts, Juris Kalnins, Janis Davids, Aivars Leonciks, Ivars Veritis, Andrejs Bergs, Gunars Silinš, Janis Taurinš, Gunars Jansons (Coach: Alexander Gomelsky) Runner-up: Academic Sofia (Bulgaria) Viktor Radev, Ljubomir Panov, Georgi Panov, Mikhail Semov, Petko Lazarov, Konstantin Stoimenov, Atanas Atanasov, Nikola Ilov, Ivan Emanuilov, Gencho Rashkov, Ljubomir Dardov, Georgi Kanev, Emanuil Gjaurov (Coach: Bozhidar Takev) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: ASK Riga (USSR) Jānis Krūmiņš, Gundars Muiznieks, Valdis Muižnieks, Maigonis Valdmanis, Juris Kalnins, Alvils Gulbis, Leons Jankovskis, Oļģerts Hehts, Janis Davids, Ivars Veritis, Aivars Leonciks, Andrejs Bergs, Teobalds Kalherts (Coach: Alexander Gomelsky) Runner-up: Dinamo Tbilisi (USSR) Levan Intskirveli, Guram Minashvili, Anzor Lezhava, Valeri Altabaev, Aleksandre Kiladze, Levan Moseshvili, Givi Abashidze, Vladimer Ugrekhelidze, Revaz Gogelia, Ilarion Khazaradze, Mikheil Asitashvili, Kartlos Dzhaparidze, Tamaz Kakauridze (Coach: Otar Korkia) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: CSKA Moscow (USSR) Gennadi Volnov, Viktor Zubkov, Armenak Alachachian, Mikhail Semyonov, Arkadi Bochkarev, Viktor Kharitonov, Alexander Travin, Anatoli Astakhov, Pavel Sirotinski, Evgeni Karpov, V.Volkov, V.Kopylov (Coach: Evgeni Alexeev) Runner-up: ASK Riga (USSR) Jānis Krūmiņš, Jaak Lipso, Maigonis Valdmanis, Gundars Muiznieks, Valdis Muižnieks, Juris Kalnins, Oļģerts Hehts, Alvils Gulbis, Aivars Leonciks, Janis Davids, Ivars Veritis, Andrejs Bergs (Coach: Alexander Gomelsky) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: Dinamo Tbilisi (USSR) Guram Minashvili, Valeri Altabaev, Aleksandre Kiladze, Vladimer Ugrekhelidze, Levan Intskirveli, Anzor Lezhava, Aleksandr Petrov, Ilarion Khazaradze, Levan Moseshvili, Revaz Gogelia, Amiran Skhiereli, Anton Kazandjian (Coach: Otar Korkia) Runner-up: Real Madrid (Spain) Emiliano Rodríguez, Wayne Hightower, Lolo Sainz, Stan Morrison, Carlos Sevillano, Jose Lluis, Julio Descartin, Lorenzo Alocen, José Ramón Durand, Antonio Palmero, Pedro Llop, Kent McComb (Coach: Pedro Ferrándiz) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: CSKA Moscow (USSR) Gennadi Volnov, Viktor Zubkov, Armenak Alachachian, Jaak Lipso, Yuri Korneev, Aleksandr Petrov, Alexander Travin, Arkadi Bochkarev, Anatoli Astakhov, Viacheslav Khrinin, Mikhail Semyonov, Alexander Kulkov, Alexander Shatalin (Coach: Evgeni Alexeev) Runner-up: Real Madrid (Spain) Emiliano Rodríguez, Clifford Luyk, Lolo Sainz, Bob Burgess, Carlos Sevillano, José Ramón Durand, Lorenzo Alocen, Julio Descartin, Antonio Palmero, Jorge García, Arsenio Lope (Coach: Joaquín Hernández) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: Real Madrid (Spain) Emiliano Rodríguez, Clifford Luyk, Bob Burgess, Bill Hanson, Lolo Sainz, Carlos Sevillano, José Ramón Durand, Julio Descartin, Moncho Monsalve, Antonio Palmero, Ignacio San Martin (Coach: Joaquín Hernández) Runner-up: TJ Spartak ZJS Brno (Czechoslovakia) Frantisek Konvicka, Vladimir Pistelak, Zdenek Bobrovsky, Jan Bobrovsky, Zdenek Konecny, Frantisek Pokorny, Zdenek Vlk, Stanislav Milota, Tomas Jambor, Ivo Dubs, Martin Nuchalik, Cvrkal (Coach: Ivo Mrazek) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: Real Madrid (Spain) Emiliano Rodríguez, Clifford Luyk, Bob Burgess, Lolo Sainz, Jim Scott, Carlos Sevillano, Julio Descartin, José Ramón Durand, Moncho Monsalve, Miguel \"Che\" Gonzalez, Fernando Modrego, Jorge García (Coach: Pedro Ferrándiz) Runner-up: CSKA Moscow (USSR) Gennadi Volnov, Viktor Zubkov, Armenak Alachachian, Jaak Lipso, Yuri Korneev, Anatoli Astakhov, Alexander Travin, Oleg Borodin, Alexander Kulkov, Gennadi Chechuro, Arkadi Bochkarev, Vadim Kapranov, I.Brjanov (Coach: Evgeni Alexeev) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: Olimpia Simmenthal Milano (Italy) Bill Bradley, Skip Thoren, Sandro Riminucci, Gabriele Vianello, Massimo Masini, Gianfranco Pieri, Giulio Iellini, Giandomenico Ongaro, Franco Longhi, Marco Binda, Luciano Gnocchi, Fenelli (Coach: Cesare Rubini) Runner-up: TJ Slavia VS Prague (Czechoslovakia) Jiří Zídek Sr., Jiří Zedníček, Karel Baroch, Jiri Ammer, Jaroslav Kovar, Jaroslav Krivy, Jirí Štastný, Jiri Lizalek, Jiri Konopasek, Josef Kraus, Vladimír Knop, Jan Blažek, Miloš Hrádek, Jan Hummel (Coach: Jaroslav Sip) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: Real Madrid (Spain) Emiliano Rodríguez, Clifford Luyk, Miles Aiken, Lolo Sainz, Bob McIntyre, Carlos Sevillano, Moncho Monsalve, Vicente Paniagua, José Ramón Ramos, Cristóbal Rodríguez, Toncho Nava, Ramón Guardiola (Coach: Pedro Ferrándiz) Runner-up: Olimpia Simmenthal Milano (Italy) Steve Chubin, Austin \"Red\" Robbins, Sandro Riminucci, Massimo Masini, Gabriele Vianello, Gianfranco Pieri, Giulio Iellini, Giandomenico Ongaro, Gianfranco Fantin, Franco Longhi, Marco Binda, Luciano Gnocchi (Coach: Cesare Rubini) CUP WINNERS' CUP Winner: Ignis Varese (Italy) Stan McKenzie, Tony Gennari, Ottorino Flaborea, Paolo Vittori, Enrico Bovone, Massimo Villetti, Dino Meneghin, Sauro Bufalini, Pierangelo Gergati, Giambattista \"Nino\" Cescutti, Maurizio Ossena, Roberto Gergati (Coach: Vittorio Tracuzzi) Runner-up: Maccabi Tel Aviv (Israel) Tal Brody, Tani Cohen-Mintz, Abraham Hoffman, Joseph Leja, Amnon Avidan, Kelin Shapira, Haim Starkman, Shabi Ben-Bassat, Gabi Neumark, Gideon Freitag, Reuven Daniel, Moshe Golovey (Coach: Yehoshua Rozin) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: Real Madrid (Spain) Emiliano Rodríguez, Clifford Luyk, Wayne Brabender, Miles Aiken, Lolo Sainz, Vicente Paniagua, Toncho Nava, Carlos Sevillano, José Ramón Ramos, Cristóbal Rodríguez, Ramón Guardiola (Coach: Pedro Ferrándiz) Runner-up: TJ Spartak ZJS Brno (Czechoslovakia) Frantisek Konvicka, Vladimir Pistelak, Jan Bobrovsky, Zdenek Bobrovsky, Petr Novicky, Zdenek Vlk, Tomas Jambor, Jiri Pospisil, Jiri Kovarik, Miroslav Bily, Miroslav Zanaska, Cvrkal (Coach: Ivo Mrazek) CUP WINNERS' CUP Winner: AEK Athens (Greece) Georgios Trontzos, Christos Zoupas, Georgios Amerikanos, Stelios Vasileiadis, Eas Larentzakis, Antonis Christeas, Lakis Tsavas, Petros Petrakis, Nikos Nesiadis, Andreas Dimitriadis, Georgios Moschos (Coach: Nikos Milas) Runner-up: TJ Slavia VS Prague (Czechoslovakia) Jiří Zídek Sr., Jiri Ruzicka, Robert Mifka, Jiri Ammer, Karel Baroch, Bohumil Tomasek, Jiří Zedníček, Jaroslav Krivy, Jiri Konopasek, Jirí Štastný, Jaroslav Kovar, Jiri Lizalek, Vladimír Knop (Coach: Jirí Baumruk) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: CSKA Moscow (USSR) Sergei Belov, Vladimir Andreev, Gennadi Volnov, Jaak Lipso, Alexander Sidjakin, Vadim Kapranov, Yuri Selikhov, Alexander Kulkov, Anatoli Astakhov, Oleg Borodin, Rudolf Nesterov, Nikolai Kovirkin, Nikolai Kruchkov, Anatoli Blik (Coach: Armenak Alachachian) Runner-up: Real Madrid (Spain) Emiliano Rodríguez, Clifford Luyk, Wayne Brabender, Miles Aiken, Vicente Ramos, Lolo Sainz, José Ramón Ramos, Toncho Nava, Cristóbal Rodríguez, Carlos Sevillano, Vicente Paniagua, Ramón Guardiola, Rafael Rullan, Carmelo Cabrera, Jose Manuel Suero, Cesar Perera, Alberto Vinas (Coach: Pedro Ferrándiz) CUP WINNERS' CUP Winner: TJ Slavia VS Prague (Czechoslovakia) Jiří Zídek Sr., Jiri Ruzicka, Robert Mifka, Jiri Ammer, Karel Baroch, Jiří Zedníček, Jaroslav Krivy, Jiri Konopasek, Bohumil Tomasek, Jaroslav Kovar (Coach: Jaroslav Sip) Runner-up: Dinamo Tbilisi (USSR) Vladimer Ugrekhelidze, Zurab Sakandelidze, Mikheil Korkia, Valeri Altabaev, Anzor Lezhava, Levan Moseshvili, Amiran Skhiereli, Sergo Maghalashvili, Tamaz Chikhladze, Igor Narimanidze, Bondo Bolkvadze, T.Pitskhelauri (Coach: Levan Intskirveli / Aleksandre Kiladze) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: Ignis Varese (Italy) Dino Meneghin, Ricky Jones, Manuel Raga, Aldo Ossola, Edoardo Rusconi, Paolo Vittori, Ottorino Flaborea, Toto Bulgheroni, Lino Paschini, Massimo Villetti, Claudio Malagoli, Giorgio Consonni (Coach: Aleksandar Nikolić) Runner-up: CSKA Moscow (USSR) Sergei Belov, Vladimir Andreev, Alzhan Zharmukhamedov, Alexander Sidjakin, Vadim Kapranov, Valeri Miloserdov, Yuri Selikhov, Alexander Kulkov, Anatoli Blik, Nikolai Kovirkin, Vladimir Iljuk, Nikolai Kruchkov, Nikolai Gilgner, Mikhail Medvedev (Coach: Armenak Alachachian) CUP WINNERS' CUP Winner: AP Fides Partenope Napoli (Italy) Miles Aiken, Jim Williams, Remo Maggetti, Carlos d'Aquila, Sauro Bufalini, Giovanni Gavagnin, Francesco Ovi, Renato Abbate, Leonardo Coen, Antonio Errico, Vincenzo Errico, Manfredo Fucile (Coach: Antonio \"Tonino\" Zorzi) Runner-up: Jeanne d'Arc Vichy (France) Rudy Bennett, Larry Robertson, Paul Besson, Alain Schol, Andre Jacquemot, Paul Brousse, Pierre Buisson, Georges Ithany, Robert Chapuis, Michel Gardes, Pierre Laurent, Charlie Vilela, Laux (Coach: Đorđe Andrijašević) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: CSKA Moscow (USSR) Sergei Belov, Vladimir Andreev, Alzhan Zharmukhamedov, Ivan Edeshko, Vadim Kapranov, Alexander Kulkov, Evgeni Kovalenko, Nikolai Kovirkin, Vladimir Iljuk, Nikolai Gilgner, Yuri Selikhov, Rudolf Nesterov, Valeri Miloserdov, Nikolai Kruchkov, Boris Subbotin, Sergei Yastrebov, Vladimir Zakharov, Nikolai Bolvachev (Coach: Alexander Gomelsky) Runner-up: Ignis Varese (Italy) Dino Meneghin, John Fultz, Aldo Ossola, Manuel Raga, Ottorino Flaborea, Edoardo Rusconi, Paolo Vittori, Ivan Bisson, Paolo Polzot, Toto Bulgheroni, Augusto d'Amico, Massimo Villetti, Lino Paschini, Giovanni Gavagnin, Giorgio Consonni (Coach: Aleksandar Nikolić) CUP WINNERS' CUP Winner: Olimpia Simmenthal Milano (Italy) Art Kenney, Massimo Masini, Renzo Bariviera, Giulio Iellini, Giorgio Giomo, Giuseppe \"Pino\" Brumatti, Mauro Cerioni, Paolo Bianchi, Giorgio Papetti, Roberto Paleari, Gaggiotti (Coach: Cesare Rubini) Runner-up: Spartak Leningrad (USSR) Alexander Belov, Leonid Ivanov, Valeri Fjodorov, Yuri Shtukin, Vladimir Arzamaskov, Alexander Bolshakov, Evgeni Volchkov, Anatoli Yumashev, Ivan Rozhin, Ivan Dvorny, Andrei Makeev, Viacheslav Borodin, Krivoshchjokov, Potanin, Bykov (Coach: Vladimir Kondrashin) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: Ignis Varese (Italy) Dino Meneghin, Manuel Raga, Aldo Ossola, Tony Gennari, Ottorino Flaborea, Edoardo Rusconi, Paolo Vittori, Ivan Bisson, Marino Zanatta, Graziano Malachin, Walter Vigna (Coach: Aleksandar Nikolić) Runner-up: Jugoplastika Split (Yugoslavia) Petar Skansi, Damir Šolman, Rato Tvrdić, Mihajlo Manović, Zdenko Prug, Branko Macura, Lovre Tvrdić, Dražen Tvrdić, Duje Krstulović, Mirko Grgin, Drago Peterka, Ivo Škarić, Zoran Grašo (Coach: Branko Radović) Semifinalist: Real Madrid (Spain) Emiliano Rodríguez, Juan Antonio Corbalán, Clifford Luyk, Wayne Brabender, Tim Muller, José Ramón Ramos, Luis Maria Prada, Vicente Ramos, Rafael Rullan, Toncho Nava, Cristóbal Rodríguez, Carmelo Cabrera, Vicente Paniagua, José Luis López Abellán, Alberto Vinas (Coach: Pedro Ferrándiz) Semifinalist: Panathinaikos Athens (Greece) Georgios Kolokythas, Willy Kirkland, Apostolos Kontos, Christos Kefalos, Christos Iordanidis, Giannis Dimaras, Charis Papazoglou, Andreas Papantoniou, Petros Panagiotarakos, Thanasis Peppas, Andreas Haikalis, Anagnos, Zografos, Paraskevas (Coach: Kostas Mourouzis) CUP WINNERS' CUP Winner: Olimpia Simmenthal Milano (Italy) Art Kenney, Massimo Masini, Renzo Bariviera, Giuseppe \"Pino\" Brumatti, Giulio Iellini, Mauro Cerioni, Paolo Bianchi, Giorgio Giomo, Doriano Iacuzzo, Sergio Borlenghi, Marco Crisafulli, Ferrari (Coach: Cesare Rubini) Runner-up: Crvena Zvezda Belgrade (Yugoslavia) Zoran Slavnić, Ljubodrag Simonović, Dragan Kapičić, Vladimir Cvetković, Zoran Lazarević, Goran Rakočević, Dragiša Vučinić, Ivan Sarjanović, Zoran Latifić, Risto Kubura, Božidar Pešić, Ljupče Žugić, Tihomir Pavlović, Z.Bogosavljević, M.Bojanović (Coach: Bratislav Đorđević) KORAĆ CUP Winner: Lokomotiva Zagreb (Yugoslavia) Nikola Plećaš, Damir Rukavina, Vjeceslav Kavedžija, Rajko Gospodnetić, Milivoj Omašić, Eduard Bočkaj, Ivica Valek, Zvonko Avberšek, Dragan Kovačić, Petar Jelić, Ante Ercegović, Zdenko Grgić, Srećko Šute (Coach: Marijan Catinelli) Runner-up: OKK Belgrade (Yugoslavia) Žarko Knežević, Blaž Kotarac, Momčilo Pažmanj, Mile Simendić, Zoran Marojević, Rajko Žižić, Kosta Grubor, Tomić, Subotić, Janjić, Kokora, Opačić, Kresović CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: Ignis Varese (Italy) Dino Meneghin, Bob Morse, Manuel Raga, Aldo Ossola, Ivan Bisson, Ottorino Flaborea, Marino Zanatta, Edoardo Rusconi, Paolo Polzot, Paolo Vittori, Massimo Lucarelli, Giorgio Chiarini, Franco Bartolucci (Coach: Aleksandar Nikolić) Runner-up: CSKA Moscow (USSR) Sergei Belov, Vladimir Andreev, Ivan Edeshko, Alzhan Zharmukhamedov, Evgeni Kovalenko, Viktor Petrakov, Alexander Kulkov, Valeri Miloserdov, Nikolai Djachenko, Nikolai Kovirkin, Vadim Kapranov, Vladimir Iljuk, Sergei Yastrebov, Vladimir Viktorov (Coach: Alexander Gomelsky) Semifinalist: Olimpia Simmenthal Milano (Italy) Art Kenney, Massimo Masini, Giuseppe \"Pino\" Brumatti, Renzo Bariviera, Giorgio Giomo, Giulio Iellini, Mauro Cerioni, Renzo Vecchiato, Paolo Bianchi, Sergio Borlenghi (Coach: Cesare Rubini) Semifinalist: Crvena Zvezda Belgrade (Yugoslavia) Zoran Slavnić, Dragan Kapičić, Goran Rakočević, Dragiša Vučinić, Ivan Sarjanović, Božidar Pešić, Zoran Lazarević, Ljubodrag Simonović, Goran Latifić (Coach: Bratislav Đorđević) CUP WINNERS' CUP Winner: Spartak Leningrad (USSR) Alexander Belov, Valeri Fjodorov, Yuri Shtukin, Leonid Ivanov, Yuri Pavlov, Alexander Bolshakov, Vladimir Yakovlev, Evgeni Volchkov, Ivan Dvorny, Sergei Kuznetsov, Andrei Makeev, Ivan Rozhin, Mikhail Silantev, Vladimir Arzamaskov (Coach: Vladimir Kondrashin) Runner-up: Jugoplastika Split (Yugoslavia) Damir Šolman, Rato Tvrdić, Branko Macura, Mihajlo Manović, Duje Krstulović, Lovre Tvrdić, Zdenko Prug, Dražen Tvrdić, Mirko Grgin, Ivo Škarić, Mlađan Tudor, Zoran Grašo (Coach: Srđan Kalember) KORAĆ CUP Winner: Forst Cantù (Italy) Pierluigi Marzorati, Bob Lienhard, Carlo Recalcati, Antonio Farina, Mario Beretta, Luciano Vendemini, Franco Meneghel, Fabrizio Della Fiori, Renzo Tombolato, Giorgio Cattini, Danilo Zonta (Coach: Arnaldo Taurisano) Runner-up: Racing Maes Pils Mechelen (Belgium) Bill Drozdiak, Luc de Permentier, Jos Peeters, Bobby Kissane, Jack van Thillo, Jean Jacobs, Dutrieux (Coach: Robert Marchand) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: Real Madrid (Spain) Juan Antonio Corbalán, Clifford Luyk, Wayne Brabender, Walter Szczerbiak, Rafael Rullan, Vicente Ramos, Carmelo Cabrera, Cristóbal Rodríguez, Vicente Paniagua, Luis Maria Prada (Coach: Pedro Ferrándiz) Runner-up: Ignis Varese (Italy) Dino Meneghin, Bob Morse, Manuel Raga, Aldo Ossola, Ivan Bisson, Edoardo Rusconi, Marino Zanatta, Paolo Polzot, Massimo Lucarelli, Sergio Rizzi, Mauro Salvaneschi, Maurizio Gualco (Coach: Sandro Gamba) Semifinalist: Radnički Belgrade (Yugoslavia) Dragoslav Ražnatović, Miroljub Damjanović, Milun Marović, Srećko Jarić, Dragan Vučinić, Dragan Ivković, Mile Đorđević, Milovan Tasić, Čokanović (Coach: Slobodan Ivković) Semifinalist: AS Berck Basket (France) Ken Gardner, Bob Cheeks, Jean-Pierre Sailly, Pierre Galle, Yves-Marie Verove, Jean Caulier, Didier Dobbels, Jean Racz, Jean Galle, Patrick Caresse, Bernard Bryl, Patrick Platteau (Coach: Jean Galle) CUP WINNERS' CUP Winner: Crvena Zvezda Belgrade (Yugoslavia) Zoran Slavnić, Dragan Kapičić, Ljubodrag Simonović, Dragisa Vučinić, Radivoje Živković, Ivan Sarjanović, Goran Rakočević, Zoran Lazarević, Dragoje Jovašević, Ljupče Žugić, Božidar Pešić, Zoran Latifić, Vesko Pajović (Coach: Aleksandar Nikolić) Runner-up: TJ Spartak ZJS Brno (Czechoslovakia) Kamil Brabenec, Jan Bobrovsky, Petr Novicky, Jaroslav Beranek, Jiri Balastik, Vojtech Petr, Jiri Pospisil, Jaroslav Stehlik, Michal Arpas, Vaclav Sramek, Ludvik David, Hrubec (Coach: Frantisek Konvicka) KORAĆ CUP Winner: Forst Cantù (Italy) Pierluigi Marzorati, Bob Lienhard, Carlo Recalcati, Fabrizio della Fiori, Antonio Farina, Franco Meneghel, Mario Beretta, Renzo Tombolato, Giorgio Cattini, Riccardo Santolini, Guanziroli, Giorni (Coach: Arnaldo Taurisano) Runner-up: Partizan Belgrade (Yugoslavia) Dražen Dalipagić, Dragan Kićanović, Dragan Đukić, Dragan Todorić, Žarko Zečević, Josip Farčić, Dušan Kerkez, Boris Beravs, Branimir Popović, Goran Latifić, Zoran Marković, Marko Martinović (Coach: Ranko Žeravica) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: Ignis Varese (Italy) Bob Morse, Charlie Yelverton, Dino Meneghin, Aldo Ossola, Ivan Bisson, Marino Zanatta, Edoardo Rusconi, Sergio Rizzi, Mauro Salvaneschi, Enzo Carraria, Maurizio Gualco, Bessi, Lepori (Coach: Sandro Gamba) Runner-up: Real Madrid (Spain) Juan Antonio Corbalán, Clifford Luyk, Wayne Brabender, Walter Szczerbiak, Rafael Rullan, Carmelo Cabrera, Vicente Ramos, Cristóbal Rodríguez, Luis Maria Prada, Vicente Paniagua, Samuel Puente, José Manuel Beirán (Coach: Pedro Ferrándiz) Semifinalist: KK Zadar (Yugoslavia) Krešimir Ćosić, Josip Đerđa, Doug Richards, Nedeljko Ostarčević, Čedomir Perinčić, Branko Skroče, Zdravko Jerak, Bruno Marcelić, Tomislav Matulović (Coach: Lucijan Valčić) Semifinalist: AS Berck Basket (France) Joby Wright, Mike Stewart, Didier Dobbels, Jean-Pierre Sailly, Pierre Galle, Jean Racz, Yves Douchain, Jean Caulier, Didier Fourquet, Bernard Bryl (Coach: Jean Galle) CUP WINNERS' CUP Winner: Spartak Leningrad (USSR) Alexander Belov, Vladimir Arzamaskov, Alexander Bolshakov, Yuri Shtukin, Mikhail Silantev, Yuri Pavlov, Leonid Ivanov, Sergei Kuznetsov, Andrei Makeev, Valeri Fjodorov, Vladimir Yakovlev, Viacheslav Borodin (Coach: Vladimir Kondrashin) Runner-up: Crvena Zvezda Belgrade (Yugoslavia) Zoran Slavnić, Ljubodrag Simonović, Dragan Kapičić, Radivoje Živković, Dragiša Vučinić, Žarko Koprivica, Goran Rakočević, Ivan Sarjanović, Dragoje Jovašević, Vesko Pajović, Zoran Lazarević, Božidar Pešić, Dušan Spasojević, Grujičić (Coach: Nemanja Đurić) KORAĆ CUP Winner: Forst Cantù (Italy) Pierluigi Marzorati, Bob Lienhard, Carlo Recalcati, Fabrizio della Fiori, Antonio Farina, Franco Meneghel, Mario Beretta, Renzo Tombolato, Giorgio Cattini, Silvano Cancian, Roberto Natalini, Bruno Carapacchi (Coach: Arnaldo Taurisano) Runner-up: FC Barcelona (Spain) Lawrence McCray, Randy Knowles, Manuel \"Manolo\" Flores, Gregorio \"Goyo\" Estrada, Jesus Iradier, Miguel Lopez Abril, Herminio San Epifanio, Marcelino \"Marcelo\" Segarra, Norman Carmichael, Juan Francisco Farelo, Jorge García, Pedro Guimera, Charles Thomas, Javier Mendiburu (Coach: Ranko Žeravica) CHAMPIONS CUP Winner: Mobilgirgi Varese (Italy) Dino Meneghin, Bob Morse, Bill Campion, Aldo Ossola, Giulio Iellini, Marino Zanatta, Ivan Bisson, Mauro Salvaneschi, Sergio Rizzi, Maurizio Gualco, Enzo Carraria, Stefano Bechini, Alberto Mottini, Riccardo Montesi (Coach: Sandro Gamba) Runner-up: Real Madrid (Spain) Juan Antonio Corbalán, Clifford Luyk, Wayne Brabender, Walter Szczerbiak, John Coughran, Rafael Rullan, Vicente Ramos, Carmelo Cabrera, Cristóbal Rodríguez, Luis Maria Prada, Vicente Paniagua, Julio Jimenez, José Luis Logroño (Coach: Lolo Sainz) Semifinalist: Forst Cantù (Italy) Bob Lienhard, John Grochowalski, Pierluigi Marzorati, Carlo Recalcati, Fabrizio della Fiori, Franco Meneghel, Mario Beretta, Renzo Tombolato, Giorgio Cattini, Daniele Pirovano, Roberto Natalini (Coach: Arnaldo Taurisano) Semifinalist: ASVEL Villeurbanne (France) Roger Moore, Bob Purkhiser, Bob Lackey, Alain Gilles, Philippe Haquet, Jean-Pierre Jouffray, Mamadou M'Baye, Michel Duprez, Gérard Lespinasse (Coach: André Buffière) CUP WINNERS' CUP Winner: Olimpia Cinzano Milano (Italy) Mike Sylvester, Austin \"Red\" Robbins, Giuseppe \"Pino\" Brumatti, Paolo Bianchi, Antonio Francescatto, Sergio Borlenghi, Vittorio Ferracini, Franco Boselli, Maurizio Borghese, Maurizio Benatti, Dino Boselli, Vittorio Gallinari, Paolo Friz, Marino Sabatini, Carlo Fabbricatore (Coach: Filippo \"Pippo\" Faina) Runner-up: ASPO Tours (France) Jean-Michel Sénégal, Randle \"L.C.\"", "Spain __knowledge__ Spain ( ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe, with there also being two large archipelagoes, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the African Atlantic coast, two cities, Ceuta and Melilla, on the African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the African coast.", "Spain __knowledge__ The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Madrid __knowledge__ Madrid (, , ) is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The city has almost 3.166 million inhabitants with a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million.", "Madrid __knowledge__ It is the third-largest city in the European Union (EU) after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan area is the third-largest in the EU after those of London and Paris.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The municipality itself covers an area of .", "Madrid __knowledge__ Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid (which comprises the city of Madrid, its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages); this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha.", "Madrid __knowledge__ As the capital city of Spain, seat of government, and residence of the Spanish monarch, Madrid is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The current mayor is Manuela Carmena from the party Ahora Madrid.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influences in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European settlements from the start of colonization in the early 16th century until their incorporation into the United States of America.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ In the late 16th century, England, France, Spain, and the Netherlands launched major colonization programs in eastern North America.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Small early attempts sometimes disappeared, such as the English Lost Colony of Roanoke.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Everywhere, the death rate was very high among the first arrivals.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Nevertheless, successful colonies were established within several decades.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ European settlers came from a variety of social and religious groups, including adventurers, soldiers, farmers, and tradesmen, and some from the aristocracy.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system that serves four of the five boroughs of New York City, New York: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ Its operator is the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA), which is controlled by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) of New York.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ In 2016, an average of 5.66 million passengers used the system daily, making it the busiest rapid transit system in the United States and the seventh busiest in the world.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ The first underground line opened on October 27, 1904, almost 35 years after the opening of the first elevated line in New York City, which became the IRT Ninth Avenue Line.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was the leader of Free France (1940–1944) and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946).", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ In 1958, he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France, a position he held until his resignation in 1969.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ Born in Lille, he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912.", "Charles de Gaulle __knowledge__ He was a decorated officer of the First World War, wounded several times, and later taken prisoner at Verdun.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York is a state in the northeastern United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ With an estimated 19.85 million residents in 2017, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ To differentiate from its city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state's largest city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England.", "Christian Saehrendt __knowledge__ Christian Saehrendt (born 29 January 1968 in Kassel) is a German Art Historian.", "Christian Saehrendt __knowledge__ Saehrendt studied Fine Arts at Hamburger Hochschule für bildende Künste, later History and Art History (focused on 19th and 20th centuries) at Humboldt-Universität Berlin and at Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg.", "Christian Saehrendt __knowledge__ In Heidelberg he also received his Ph.D. in 2002 with a work about the Expressionist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner.", "Christian Saehrendt __knowledge__ Since 1989 Christian is cooperating with his friend Steen T. Kittl.", "Christian Saehrendt __knowledge__ Between 1994 und 2000 they both ran the non-profit-gallery and artist group New Decency (Neue Anständigkeit) in Berlin.", "Christian Saehrendt __knowledge__ Since 2007 Saehrendt and Kittl wrote five monographs about Art and recent cultural phenomenas.", "Renewable energy __knowledge__ Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.", "Renewable energy __knowledge__ Renewable energy often provides energy in four important areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, transportation, and rural (off-grid) energy services.", "Renewable energy __knowledge__ Based on REN21's 2016 report, renewables contributed 19.2% to humans' global energy consumption and 23.7% to their generation of electricity in 2014 and 2015, respectively.", "Renewable energy __knowledge__ This energy consumption is divided as 8.9% coming from traditional biomass, 4.2% as heat energy (modern biomass, geothermal and solar heat), 3.9% hydro electricity and 2.2% is electricity from wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass.", "History of Beijing __knowledge__ The city of Beijing has a long and rich history that dates back over 3,000 years.", "History of Beijing __knowledge__ Prior to the unification of China by the First Emperor in 221 BC, Beijing had been for centuries the capital of the ancient states of Ji and Yan.", "History of Beijing __knowledge__ During the first millennia of imperial rule, Beijing was a provincial city in northern China.", "History of Beijing __knowledge__ Its stature grew in the 10th to the 13th centuries when the nomadic Khitan and forest-dwelling Jurchen peoples from beyond the Great Wall expanded southward and made the city a capital of their dynasties, the Liao and Jin.", "History of Beijing __knowledge__ When Kublai Khan made Dadu the capital of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (1279–1368), all of China was ruled from Beijing for the first time.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Volcanology of Canada includes lava flows, lava plateaus, lava domes, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, submarine volcanoes, calderas, diatremes, and maars, along with examples of more less common volcanic forms such as tuyas and subglacial mounds.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ It has a very complex volcanological history spanning from the Precambrian eon at least 3.11 billion years ago when this part of the North American continent began to form.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Although the country's volcanic activity dates back to the Precambrian eon, volcanism continues to occur in Western and Northern Canada where it forms part of an encircling chain of volcanoes and frequent earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean called the Pacific Ring of Fire.", "Renewable energy in Italy __knowledge__ Renewable energy has developed rapidly in Italy over the past decade and provided the country a means of diversifying from its historical dependency on imported fuels.", "Renewable energy in Italy __knowledge__ Solar energy production alone accounted for around 8% of the total electric production in the country in 2014, making Italy the country with the highest contribution from solar energy in the world.", "Renewable energy in Italy __knowledge__ Rapid growth in the deployment of solar, wind and bio energy in recent years lead to Italy producing over 40% of its electricity from renewable sources in 2014.", "Renewable energy in Italy __knowledge__ The share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption (all energy uses) had risen to 17.1% in 2014." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Madrid __knowledge__ Madrid (, , ) is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The city has almost 3.166 million inhabitants with a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million.", "Madrid __knowledge__ It is the third-largest city in the European Union (EU) after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan area is the third-largest in the EU after those of London and Paris.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The municipality itself covers an area of .", "Madrid __knowledge__ Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid (which comprises the city of Madrid, its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages); this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha.", "Madrid __knowledge__ As the capital city of Spain, seat of government, and residence of the Spanish monarch, Madrid is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The current mayor is Manuela Carmena from the party Ahora Madrid.", "Madrid __knowledge__ The Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influences in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ Computer graphics are pictures and films created using computers.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ Usually, the term refers to computer-generated image data created with help from specialized graphical hardware and software.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ It is a vast and recent area in computer science.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ The phrase was coined in 1960, by computer graphics researchers Verne Hudson and William Fetter of Boeing.", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ It is often abbreviated as CG, though sometimes erroneously referred to as computer-generated imagery (CGI).", "Computer graphics __knowledge__ Some topics in computer graphics include user interface design, sprite graphics, vector graphics, 3D modeling, shaders, GPU design, implicit surface visualization with ray tracing, and computer vision, among others.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Pricing games are featured on the current version of the American game show The Price Is Right.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ The contestant from Contestants' Row who bids closest to the price of a prize without going over wins the prize and has the chance to win additional prizes or cash in an onstage game.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Prior to expanding to one hour in length, three games per episode were played during the half-hour format.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ With the exception of a single game from early in the show's history, only one contestant at a time is involved in a pricing game.", "Memory error __knowledge__ Memory gaps and errors refer to the incorrect recall, or complete loss, of information in the memory system for a specific detail and/or event.", "Memory error __knowledge__ Memory errors may include remembering events that never occurred, or remembering them differently from the way they actually happened.", "Memory error __knowledge__ These errors or gaps can occur due to a number of different reasons, including the emotional involvement in the situation, expectations and environmental changes.", "Memory error __knowledge__ As the retention interval between encoding and retrieval of the memory lengthens, there is an increase in both the amount that is forgotten, and the likelihood of a memory error occurring.", "Recall (memory) __knowledge__ Recall in memory refers to the mental process of retrieval of information from the past.", "Recall (memory) __knowledge__ Along with encoding and storage, it is one of the three core processes of memory.", "Recall (memory) __knowledge__ There are three main types of recall: free recall, cued recall and serial recall.", "Recall (memory) __knowledge__ Psychologists test these forms of recall as a way to study the memory processes of humans and animals.", "Recall (memory) __knowledge__ Two main theories of the process of recall are the two-stage theory and the theory of encoding specificity.", "Recall (memory) __knowledge__ The \"two-stage theory\" states that the process of recall begins with a search and retrieval process, and then a decision or recognition process where the correct information is chosen from what has been retrieved.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess (styled as GUESS or Guess?)", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ is an American clothing brand and retailer.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ In addition to clothing for both men and women, Guess markets other fashion accessories such as watches, jewelry, perfumes, and shoes.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess began in 1981 as a book of styles by Georges Marciano.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Maurice, Georges brother, was first sought by Georges to help with product development.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand and Paul, also Georges' brothers, were in charge of distribution and advertising, respectively.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand ran distribution.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Paul created the advertising, all of it in-house.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Georges designed the clothes, burnishing Guess' signature style: stonewashed denim, lighter in color, softer and more form-fitting than the competitors.", "Lingo (Dutch game show) __knowledge__ Lingo was a Dutch television game show produced by AVROTROS (earlier VARA, later TROS).", "Lingo (Dutch game show) __knowledge__ Lingo is a word game that combines the games Mastermind and Bingo.", "Lingo (Dutch game show) __knowledge__ Two teams of two contestants each try to guess and spell words, after being given a letter in the word and the length of the word.", "Lingo (Dutch game show) __knowledge__ The length of the word that has to be guessed varies from five to eight letters, and depends on the round.", "Lingo (Dutch game show) __knowledge__ The game show aired daily starting in 1989 on one of Holland's public television channels.", "Lingo (Dutch game show) __knowledge__ On July 30, 2014, it was announced that \"Lingo\" would stop producing new episodes starting in September 2014 due to declining ratings.", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ \"Holby City\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 12 January 1999 on BBC One.", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ The series was created by Tony McHale and Mal Young as a spin-off from the established BBC medical drama \"Casualty\".", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ It is set in the same hospital as \"Casualty\", Holby General, in the fictional city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with both \"Casualty\" (in episodes broadcast as \"Casualty@Holby City\") and the show's 2007 police procedural spin-off \"HolbyBlue\".", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ \"Holby City\" follows the professional and personal lives of surgeons, nurses, other medical and ancillary staff and patients at Holby General.", "Siege of Madrid __knowledge__ The Siege of Madrid was a two and a half year siege of the Spanish capital city of Madrid, during the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939.", "Siege of Madrid __knowledge__ The city, besieged from October 1936, eventually fell to the Francoist armies on 28 March 1939.", "Siege of Madrid __knowledge__ Madrid was held by various forces loyal to the Spanish Republic and was besieged and subject to aerial bombardment by the rebel faction under General Francisco Franco.", "Siege of Madrid __knowledge__ The Battle of Madrid in November 1936 saw the most intense fighting in and around the city when the Nationalists made their most determined attempt to take the Republican capital.", "Siege of Madrid __knowledge__ The highest military awards of the Spanish Republic, the Laureate Plate of Madrid () and the Madrid Distinction (), established by the Republican government in order to reward courage, were named after the capital of Spain owing to the city symbolizing valour and Antifascist resistance during the long siege throughout the Civil War.", "Manzanares (river) __knowledge__ The Manzanares () is a river in central Spain, which flows from the Sierra de Guadarrama, passes through Madrid, and eventually empties into the Jarama river, which in turn is a tributary to the Tagus.", "Manzanares (river) __knowledge__ In its urban section, the Manzanares River as it appears today, with a section of water several meters deep, in some parts navigable by canoes, is the result and the product of the work of dozens of years of channeling and damming.", "Manzanares (river) __knowledge__ The river Manzanares has its source near the Navacerrada mountain pass in the Guadarrama mountain range.", "Manzanares (river) __knowledge__ The upper river basin is protected as the \"Parque Regional de la Cuenca Alta del Manzanares\", a nature reserve which is recognised as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO.", "Royal Alcazar of Madrid __knowledge__ The Royal Alcázar of Madrid (Spanish: \"Real Alcázar de Madrid\") was a fortress located at the site of today's Royal Palace of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.", "Royal Alcazar of Madrid __knowledge__ The structure was originally built in the second half of the ninth century, then extended and enlarged over the centuries, particularly after 1560.", "Royal Alcazar of Madrid __knowledge__ It was at this time that the fortress was converted into a royal palace, and Madrid became the capital of the Spanish Empire.", "Royal Alcazar of Madrid __knowledge__ Despite being a palace, the great building kept its original title of \"Alcázar\" (English: \"fortress\").", "Royal Alcazar of Madrid __knowledge__ The first extension to the building was commissioned by King Charles I (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) and completed in 1537.", "New Castle of Manzanares el Real __knowledge__ The New Castle of Manzanares el Real, also known as Castle of los Mendoza, is a palace-fortress erected in the 15th century in the town of Manzanares el Real (Community of Madrid, Spain), next to the Santillana reservoir at the foot of Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range.", "New Castle of Manzanares el Real __knowledge__ Its construction began in 1475 on a Romanesque-Mudéjar hermitage and today is one of the best preserved castles of the Community of Madrid.", "New Castle of Manzanares el Real __knowledge__ It was raised on the river Manzanares, as a residential palace of the House of Mendoza, in the vicinity of an ancient fortress that was abandoned once the new castle was built.", "New Castle of Manzanares el Real __knowledge__ The castle now houses a museum of Spanish castles and hosts a collection of tapestries.", "Getafe __knowledge__ Getafe () is a city in the south of the Madrid metropolitan area, Spain, and one of the most populated and industrialised cities in the area.", "Getafe __knowledge__ It is home to one of the oldest Spanish military air bases and the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.", "Getafe __knowledge__ Within the city is the Cerro de los Ángeles, or \"Hill of the Angels\", a site considered the geographical center of the Iberian Peninsula.", "Getafe __knowledge__ Getafe is located 13 km south of Madrid's city centre, within a flat area of Spain's Meseta Central in the Manzanares River basin.", "Getafe __knowledge__ Getafe's proximity to Madrid fostered industrial development during the 20th and 21st centuries.", "Sierra de Guadarrama __knowledge__ The Sierra de Guadarrama (Guadarrama Mountains) is a mountain range forming the main eastern section of the Sistema Central, the system of mountain ranges along the centre of the Iberian Peninsula.", "Sierra de Guadarrama __knowledge__ It is located between the systems Sierra de Gredos in the province of Ávila, and Sierra de Ayllón in the province of Guadalajara.", "Sierra de Guadarrama __knowledge__ The range runs southwest—northeast, extending from the province of Ávila in the southwest, through the Community of Madrid, to the province of Segovia in the northeast.", "Sierra de Guadarrama __knowledge__ The range measures approximately in length.", "Sierra de Guadarrama __knowledge__ Its highest peak is Peñalara, in elevation.", "Sierra de Guadarrama __knowledge__ The flora of the Sierra de Guadarrama is characterized in the higher elevation Atlantic vegetation region with Juniper groves, montane grasslands, Spanish broom thickets, pine forests, and Pyrenean Oaks forests; and in the lower elevation Mediterranean vegetation region by Holm oak forests." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 5, 51 ]

[ "Hi! Have you been to Madrid the capital of Spain? ", "30 years ago? Your travel history truly dates back, The city has almost 3.166 million inhabitant", "More so, the city lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid .", "History holds that the city fell to the Francoist armies on 28 March 1939.a civil war period" ]

[ "Madrid", "Madrid", "Madrid", "Madrid" ]

[ "Basketball\nI really like basketball, how did it get invented?", "oh wow that long ago. Is it popular here in America?", "basketball in general. Where is it popular?", "How is it played?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.", "H-1B visa __knowledge__ The H-1B is a visa in the United States under the Immigration and Nationality Act, section 101(a)(15)(H) which allows U.S. employers to employ foreign workers in specialty occupations.", "H-1B visa __knowledge__ If a foreign worker in H-1B status quits or is dismissed from the sponsoring employer, the worker must either apply for and be granted a change of status, find another employer (subject to application for adjustment of status and/or change of visa), or leave the United States.", "H-1B visa __knowledge__ Effective January 17, 2017, USCIS modified the rules to allow a grace period of up to 60 days but in practice as long as a green card application is pending they are allowed to stay.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen for her third studio album, \"Emotion\" (2015).", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ It was written by Jepsen, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Peter Svensson, Steve DaMar, and produced by Svensson.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ The song was released as the album's lead single on 2 March 2015.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" peaked at number fourteen on the Canadian Hot 100.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ Internationally, the song peaked within the top ten of the charts in Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Japan, the Republic of Ireland, South Africa and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twenty of the charts in Austria, Germany, Slovakia, and Switzerland.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ Emotion (stylized as E•MO•TION) is the third studio album by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ It was released on June 24, 2015 in Japan and on August 21, 2015 worldwide through 604, School Boy, and Interscope Records.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ Looking to transition from the bubblegum pop-oriented nature of her second studio album \"Kiss\" (2012), Jepsen found inspiration in 1980s music and alternative styles.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ She enlisted a team of mainstream and indie collaborators, including Sia, Mattman & Robin, Dev Hynes, Ariel Rechtshaid and Rostam Batmanglij, culminating in a largely synth-pop-centric effort.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ \"Emotion\" received acclaim from contemporary music critics, who praised its pop escapism, but were divided over its lyrical content.", "Chrissie Watts __knowledge__ Chrissie Watts is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Tracy-Ann Oberman.", "Chrissie Watts __knowledge__ She first appeared in April 2004 as the second wife of the show's \"most enduring character\", Den Watts (Leslie Grantham), becoming a prominent regular for the next 18 months.", "Chrissie Watts __knowledge__ In 2005 she was the focus of one of \"the programme's biggest and most high-profile narratives\" when she killed her husband in a fit of rage during the special 20th anniversary episode.", "Chrissie Watts __knowledge__ The broadcast, airing on 18 February, was watched by 14.34 million people, with \"almost 60% of possible viewers\" tuning in to see Chrissie take revenge.", "One Tree Hill (TV series) __knowledge__ One Tree Hill is an American television drama series created by Mark Schwahn, which premiered on September 23, 2003, on The WB.", "One Tree Hill (TV series) __knowledge__ After the series' third season, The WB merged with UPN to form The CW, and since September 27, 2006, the network has been the official broadcaster of the series in the United States.", "One Tree Hill (TV series) __knowledge__ The show is set in the fictional town of Tree Hill in North Carolina and originally follows the lives of two half-brothers, Lucas Scott (Chad Michael Murray) and Nathan Scott (James Lafferty), who compete for positions on their school's basketball team, and the drama that ensues from the brothers' romances.", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ \"Third Watch\" is an American television drama series which first aired on NBC from 1999 to 2005, and followed the lives of an ensemble cast of characters portraying police officers of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and firefighters and paramedics of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY).", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ Maurice Louis \"Bosco\" Boscorelli is a fictional NYPD police officer on the television series \"Third Watch\"; he was portrayed by Jason Wiles.", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ 'Bosco' was one of the few cast members to stay on the show for its entire six season run.", "List of Third Watch characters __knowledge__ As an officer, Bosco tends to behave in the ‘cowboy’ stereotype, what with constantly ignoring \"boring\" calls in favor of wanting top jobs to play \"super cop\" on.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2012 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ New characters were introduced by Bryan Kirkwood, executive producer.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ He stepped down from the role in April.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ His last episode was on 13 July 2012.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ From 16 July, characters were introduced by his successor, Lorraine Newman.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was the undertaker, Les Coker.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The first regular character to be announced was Ray Dixon, the father of Morgan Butcher, followed by Alice Branning, the daughter of Derek Branning and, Alice's brother, Joey.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ June 2012 also saw the first birth of the year: Janine Butcher and Michael Moon's daughter, Scarlett." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "James Naismith __knowledge__ James Naismith (November 6, 1861 – November 28, 1939) was a Canadian-American physical educator, physician, chaplain, sports coach and innovator.", "James Naismith __knowledge__ He invented the game of basketball at age 30 in 1891.", "James Naismith __knowledge__ He wrote the original basketball rule book and founded the University of Kansas basketball program.", "James Naismith __knowledge__ Naismith lived to see basketball adopted as an Olympic demonstration sport in 1904 and as an official event at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, as well as the birth of the National Invitation Tournament (1938) and the NCAA Tournament (1939).", "James Naismith __knowledge__ Born in Canada, Naismith studied physical education at McGill University in Montreal before moving to the United States, where he designed the game in late 1891 while teaching at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts.", "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball __knowledge__ The Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball program is the intercollegiate men's basketball program of the University of Kansas.", "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball __knowledge__ The program is classified in the NCAA's Division I and the team competes in the Big 12 Conference.", "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball __knowledge__ The Jayhawks' first coach was the inventor of the game, James Naismith, who is the only coach in the program's history with a losing record.", "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball __knowledge__ The Kansas basketball program has produced many notable professional players, including Clyde Lovellette, Wilt Chamberlain, Jo Jo White, Danny Manning, Raef LaFrentz, Paul Pierce, Nick Collison, Kirk Hinrich, Mario Chalmers, Andrew Wiggins, Joel Embiid.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ Springfield, Massachusetts was founded in 1636 as \"Agawam\", the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years, however, later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ The town changed its name to \"Springfield\", and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ The history of Springfield, Massachusetts springs in large part from its favorable geography, situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River's confluence with three tributaries.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes: Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal.", "History of basketball __knowledge__ The history of basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football.", "History of basketball __knowledge__ The game became established fairly quickly and grew very popular as the 20th century progressed, first in America and then throughout the world.", "History of basketball __knowledge__ After basketball became established in American colleges, the professional game followed.", "History of basketball __knowledge__ The American National Basketball Association (NBA), established in 1946, grew to a multibillion-dollar enterprise by the end of the century, and basketball became an integral part of American culture.", "College basketball __knowledge__ College basketball today is governed by collegiate athletic bodies including the United States' National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), the United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA), the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA), and the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA).", "College basketball __knowledge__ Governing bodies in Canada include U Sports and the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "College basketball __knowledge__ Each of these various organizations are subdivided into from one to three divisions based on the number and level of scholarships that may be provided to the athletes.", "Colchester Rubber Co. __knowledge__ Colchester Rubber Co. was a footwear brand manufactured by the Colchester Rubber Company.", "Colchester Rubber Co. __knowledge__ Colchester Rubber Co. was a footwear brand manufactured by the Colchester Rubber Company.", "Colchester Rubber Co. __knowledge__ The original Colchester Rubber Company, founded in 1888 at Colchester, Connecticut, USA, has come to be known for being the world’s first sneaker brand and inventing the “World’s First Basketball Sneakers”, which were created circa 1892.", "Colchester Rubber Co. __knowledge__ Colchester Rubber Co. brand is also the predecessor of the footwear brands, Keds which was created 1916 and Pro-Keds which was created in 1949, as, after the United States Rubber Company acquired Colchester Rubber Company in 1892, it went on to create the KEDS and PRO-KEDS brands." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate men's basketball competition.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Longhorns currently compete in the Big 12 Conference.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The University of Texas began varsity intercollegiate competition in men's basketball in 1906.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Longhorns rank 17th in total victories among all NCAA Division I college basketball programs and 25th in all-time win percentage among programs with at least 50 years in Division I, with an all-time win-loss record of 1759–1057 ().", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ Among Big 12 Conference men's basketball programs, Texas is second only to Kansas in both all-time wins and all-time win percentage.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations.", "Women's basketball __knowledge__ Women's basketball is one of the few women's sports that developed in tandem with its men's counterpart.", "Women's basketball __knowledge__ It became popular, spreading from the east coast of the United States to the west coast, in large part via women's colleges.", "Women's basketball __knowledge__ From 1895 until 1970, the term \"women's basketball\" was also used to refer to netball, which evolved in parallel with modern women's basketball.", "Women's basketball __knowledge__ The FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup and Women's Olympic Basketball Tournament feature top national teams from continental championships.", "Women's basketball __knowledge__ The main North American league is the WNBA (NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship is also popular), whereas strongest European clubs participate in the EuroLeague Women.", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ The Lithuania men's national basketball team (Lithuanian: \"Lietuvos nacionalinė vyrų krepšinio rinktinė\") participates in FIBA's competitions.", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ Despite Lithuania's small size, with a population of just almost 2.9 million, the country's devotion to basketball has made them a traditional force of the sport in Europe.", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ The Lithuanian team won the last EuroBasket tournaments prior to World War II, in 1937 and 1939.", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ The 1939 team was led by Frank Lubin, who helped popularize basketball in the country and was called the \"grandfather of Lithuanian basketball\".", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ Following the country's annexation by the Soviet Union during the war, Lithuanian players frequently formed the core of the Soviet national team.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ Springfield, Massachusetts was founded in 1636 as \"Agawam\", the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years, however, later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ The town changed its name to \"Springfield\", and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ The history of Springfield, Massachusetts springs in large part from its favorable geography, situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River's confluence with three tributaries.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes: Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal.", "Tal Brody __knowledge__ Tal Brody (Hebrew: טל ברודי; nicknamed Mr. Basketball; born August 30, 1943) is an American-Israeli former basketball player, and current Goodwill Ambassador of Israel, who lives in Israel.", "Tal Brody __knowledge__ Brody was drafted # 12 in the National Basketball Association (NBA) draft, but chose to pass up an NBA career to instead play basketball in Israel.", "Tal Brody __knowledge__ He played on national basketball teams of both the United States and Israel, and served in the armies of both countries.", "Tal Brody __knowledge__ A New Jersey All Star basketball player in high school, Brody led his team to an undefeated state championship.", "Tal Brody __knowledge__ In college, he was a high-scoring, slick-passing All-American and All-Big Ten guard in 1965, while playing for the University of Illinois.", "Basketball in Greece __knowledge__ The sport of basketball in Greece erupted with the senior men's Greek national basketball team's win at the FIBA EuroBasket 1987 in Piraeus, which caused a general basketball euphoria in the country.", "Basketball in Greece __knowledge__ Since then, men's Greek national teams have reached constant international success, leading Greece to join Russia, Serbia, Croatia, Italy, Spain, France, and Lithuania in the circle of European basketball powers.", "Basketball in Greece __knowledge__ In addition to the national team's triumph in 1987, Greece won a gold medal at the FIBA EuroBasket 2005, silver medals at the FIBA EuroBasket 1989 and the 2006 FIBA World Championship, as well as the bronze medal at the FIBA EuroBasket 2009.", "Ateneo–La Salle rivalry __knowledge__ The La Salle-Ateneo Rivalry is a sports rivalry between two universities in the Philippines, the Ateneo de Manila University and De La Salle University.", "Ateneo–La Salle rivalry __knowledge__ Both are private and top research and Catholic academic institutions within the Metropolitan Manila area.", "Ateneo–La Salle rivalry __knowledge__ The Ateneo men's varsity team is known as Ateneo Blue Eagles, women's varsity team as Lady Eagles, and high school team as Blue Eaglets.", "Ateneo–La Salle rivalry __knowledge__ The La Salle men's varsity team is known as De La Salle Green Archers, women's varsity team as Lady Archers/Spikers, and high school team as Junior Archers.", "Ateneo–La Salle rivalry __knowledge__ La Salle and Ateneo were co-founders of the NCAA but now compete in the UAAP.", "Juwan Howard __knowledge__ Juwan Antonio Howard (born February 7, 1973) is an American retired professional basketball player who currently serves as an assistant coach for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "Juwan Howard __knowledge__ Howard formerly played for the Heat from 2010 until 2013.", "Juwan Howard __knowledge__ A one-time All-Star and one-time All-NBA power forward, he began his NBA career as the fifth overall pick in the 1994 NBA draft, selected by the Washington Bullets.", "Juwan Howard __knowledge__ Before he was drafted, he starred as an All-American on the Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team.", "Juwan Howard __knowledge__ At Michigan he was part of the Fab Five recruiting class of 1991 that reached the finals of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship in 1992 and 1993." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.", "2016–17 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds __knowledge__ The 2016–17 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds make up the qualifying competition to decide which teams take part in the main competition from Round 7.", "2016–17 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds __knowledge__ This is the 100th season of the most prestigious football cup competition of France.", "2016–17 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds __knowledge__ The competition is organised by the French Football Federation (FFF) and is open to all clubs in French football, as well as clubs from the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia (qualification via 2016 New Caledonia Cup), Tahiti (qualification via 2016 Tahiti Cup), Réunion, and Saint Martin).", "2016–17 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds __knowledge__ PSG are the defending champions.", "List of Family Affairs characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the British soap opera \"Family Affairs\" listed in alphabetical order by the characters' surnames.", "List of Family Affairs characters __knowledge__ Scarlett Anderson was played by Cat Simmons during 2005.", "List of Family Affairs characters __knowledge__ Scarlett's storyline sees her seduce married man Les Boulter (Howard Saddler).", "List of Family Affairs characters __knowledge__ But he tells her it was a mistake.", "List of Family Affairs characters __knowledge__ Caleb Andrews was played by Steve Tosssaint during 2004 and appeared as a series regular.", "List of Family Affairs characters __knowledge__ He is the best friend of Les Boulter (Howard Saddler) and love interest of Les' wife Denise Boulter (Clare Perkins).", "List of Family Affairs characters __knowledge__ One notable storyline for the character involved him taking a HIV test, the results of which were negative.", "2017–18 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds __knowledge__ The 2017–18 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds make up the qualifying competition to decide which teams take part in the main competition from Round 7.", "2017–18 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds __knowledge__ This is the 101st season of the most main football cup competition of France.", "2017–18 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds __knowledge__ The competition is organised by the French Football Federation (FFF) and is open to all clubs in French football, as well as clubs from the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia (qualification via 2017 New Caledonia Cup), Tahiti (qualification via 2017 Tahiti Cup), Réunion, and Saint Martin).", "2017–18 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds __knowledge__ The preliminary rounds took place between February and October 2017.", "2015–16 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds __knowledge__ The 2015–16 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds made up the qualifying competition to decide which teams take part in the main competition from Round 7.", "2015–16 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds __knowledge__ This was the 99th season of the most prestigious football cup competition of France.", "2015–16 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds __knowledge__ The competition was organised by the French Football Federation (FFF) and open to all clubs in French football, as well as clubs from the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia (qualification via 2015 New Caledonia Cup), Tahiti (qualification via 2015 Tahiti Cup), Réunion, and Saint Martin).", "2015–16 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds __knowledge__ PSG were the defending champions, having defeated AJ Auxerre in the previous season's final.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, has been home to many teams and events in professional, semi-professional, amateur, college, and high-school sports.", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Sports are a huge part of the culture of the city and the Greater Philadelphia area.", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Philadelphia sports fans are considered to be some of the most knowledgeable fans in sports, and are known for their extreme passion for all of their teams.", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Philadelphia fans are also known for their reputation of being the \"Meanest Fans in America\".", "Sports in Philadelphia __knowledge__ Philadelphia is one of twelve cities that hosts teams in all four major sports leagues in North America, and Philadelphia is one of just three cities in which one team from every league plays within city limits.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ The early history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid–19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or run over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate considered to be the \"father of gridiron football\".", "James Naismith __knowledge__ James Naismith (November 6, 1861 – November 28, 1939) was a Canadian-American physical educator, physician, chaplain, sports coach and innovator.", "James Naismith __knowledge__ He invented the game of basketball at age 30 in 1891.", "James Naismith __knowledge__ He wrote the original basketball rule book and founded the University of Kansas basketball program.", "James Naismith __knowledge__ Naismith lived to see basketball adopted as an Olympic demonstration sport in 1904 and as an official event at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, as well as the birth of the National Invitation Tournament (1938) and the NCAA Tournament (1939).", "James Naismith __knowledge__ Born in Canada, Naismith studied physical education at McGill University in Montreal before moving to the United States, where he designed the game in late 1891 while teaching at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts.", "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball __knowledge__ The Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball program is the intercollegiate men's basketball program of the University of Kansas.", "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball __knowledge__ The program is classified in the NCAA's Division I and the team competes in the Big 12 Conference.", "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball __knowledge__ The Jayhawks' first coach was the inventor of the game, James Naismith, who is the only coach in the program's history with a losing record.", "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball __knowledge__ The Kansas basketball program has produced many notable professional players, including Clyde Lovellette, Wilt Chamberlain, Jo Jo White, Danny Manning, Raef LaFrentz, Paul Pierce, Nick Collison, Kirk Hinrich, Mario Chalmers, Andrew Wiggins, Joel Embiid.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ Springfield, Massachusetts was founded in 1636 as \"Agawam\", the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years, however, later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ The town changed its name to \"Springfield\", and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ The history of Springfield, Massachusetts springs in large part from its favorable geography, situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River's confluence with three tributaries.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes: Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal.", "History of basketball __knowledge__ The history of basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football.", "History of basketball __knowledge__ The game became established fairly quickly and grew very popular as the 20th century progressed, first in America and then throughout the world.", "History of basketball __knowledge__ After basketball became established in American colleges, the professional game followed.", "History of basketball __knowledge__ The American National Basketball Association (NBA), established in 1946, grew to a multibillion-dollar enterprise by the end of the century, and basketball became an integral part of American culture.", "Colchester Rubber Co. __knowledge__ Colchester Rubber Co. was a footwear brand manufactured by the Colchester Rubber Company.", "Colchester Rubber Co. __knowledge__ Colchester Rubber Co. was a footwear brand manufactured by the Colchester Rubber Company.", "Colchester Rubber Co. __knowledge__ The original Colchester Rubber Company, founded in 1888 at Colchester, Connecticut, USA, has come to be known for being the world’s first sneaker brand and inventing the “World’s First Basketball Sneakers”, which were created circa 1892.", "Colchester Rubber Co. __knowledge__ Colchester Rubber Co. brand is also the predecessor of the footwear brands, Keds which was created 1916 and Pro-Keds which was created in 1949, as, after the United States Rubber Company acquired Colchester Rubber Company in 1892, it went on to create the KEDS and PRO-KEDS brands.", "College basketball __knowledge__ College basketball today is governed by collegiate athletic bodies including the United States' National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), the United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA), the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA), and the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA).", "College basketball __knowledge__ Governing bodies in Canada include U Sports and the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "College basketball __knowledge__ Each of these various organizations are subdivided into from one to three divisions based on the number and level of scholarships that may be provided to the athletes." ] ]

[ 4, 2, 4, 3 ]

[ "Good question, it was invented in 1891 by Dr James Naismith", "For which, basketball in general or one-on-one or two-on-two or what?", "I am not really sure on some of these things, after it was invented in 1891 by Dr James Naismith, I assume everywhere. Mainly the US", "To start, the objective is to shoot a ball though a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court. Thinking about it I'm saying for sure US" ]

[ "Basketball", "Basketball", "Basketball", "Basketball" ]

[ "Internet", "Indeed. It is replacing textbooks, phone books and maps. I can remember going on vacations and using foldable maps to navigate !! Now we use GPS .", "Life was so simple then. Some people cannot adapt to modern technology. I still have my 2005 Honda. Lol. NO technology in it. I TALK to my car instead.", "And security breaches ! Yes technology is now so CYBER its scary. The clouds, Private emails being hacked.. credit/debit cards stolen, and not to mention Identify Theft. Nothing is safe anymore in cyberland. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.", "Internet __knowledge__ It is a \"network of networks\" that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.", "Internet __knowledge__ The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States Federal Government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks.", "Internet __knowledge__ The linking of commercial networks and enterprises in the early 1990s marked the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet, and generated rapid growth as institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to the network.", "Internet __knowledge__ By the late 2000s, its services and technologies had been incorporated into virtually every aspect of human lives.", "Internet __knowledge__ Most traditional communications media, including telephony, radio, television, paper mail and newspapers are being reshaped, redefined, or even bypassed by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as email, Internet telephony, Internet television, online music, digital newspapers, and video streaming websites." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.", "Internet __knowledge__ It is a \"network of networks\" that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.", "Internet __knowledge__ The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States Federal Government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks.", "Internet __knowledge__ The linking of commercial networks and enterprises in the early 1990s marked the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet, and generated rapid growth as institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to the network.", "Internet __knowledge__ By the late 2000s, its services and technologies had been incorporated into virtually every aspect of human lives.", "Internet __knowledge__ Most traditional communications media, including telephony, radio, television, paper mail and newspapers are being reshaped, redefined, or even bypassed by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as email, Internet telephony, Internet television, online music, digital newspapers, and video streaming websites.", "GPS navigation device __knowledge__ A GPS navigation device, GPS receiver, or simply GPS is a device that is capable of receiving information from GPS satellites and then to calculate the device's geographical position.", "GPS navigation device __knowledge__ Using suitable software, the device may display the position on a map, and it may offer directions.", "GPS navigation device __knowledge__ The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) made up of a network of a minimum of 24, but currently 30, satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense.", "GPS navigation device __knowledge__ The GPS was originally developed for use by the United States military, but in the 1980s, the United States government allowed the system to be used for civilian purposes.", "Spatial memory __knowledge__ In cognitive psychology and neuroscience, spatial memory is the part of memory responsible for recording information about one's environment and spatial orientation.", "Spatial memory __knowledge__ For example, a person's spatial memory is required in order to navigate around a familiar city, just as a rat's spatial memory is needed to learn the location of food at the end of a maze.", "Spatial memory __knowledge__ It is often argued that in both humans and animals, spatial memories are summarized as a cognitive map.", "Spatial memory __knowledge__ Spatial memory has representations within working, short-term memory and long-term memory.", "Spatial memory __knowledge__ Research indicates that there are specific areas of the brain associated with spatial memory.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by Google.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ It offers satellite imagery, street maps, 360° panoramic views of streets (Street View), real-time traffic conditions (Google Traffic), and route planning for traveling by foot, car, bicycle (in beta), or public transportation.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ Google Maps began as a C++ desktop program designed by Lars and Jens Eilstrup Rasmussen at Where 2 Technologies.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ In October 2004, the company was acquired by Google, which converted it into a web application.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ After additional acquisitions of a geospatial data visualization company and a realtime traffic analyzer, Google Maps was launched in February 2005.", "GPS in the Earthmoving Industry __knowledge__ GPS when applied in the earthmoving industry can be a viable asset to contractors and increase the overall efficiency of the job.", "GPS in the Earthmoving Industry __knowledge__ Since GPS satellite positioning information is free to the public, it allows for everyone to take advantage of its uses.", "GPS in the Earthmoving Industry __knowledge__ Heavy equipment manufacturers in conjunction with GPS guidance system manufacturers have been co-developing GPS guidance systems for heavy equipment since the late 1990s.", "GPS in the Earthmoving Industry __knowledge__ These systems allow the equipment operator to use GPS position data to make decisions based on actual grade and design features.", "GPS in the Earthmoving Industry __knowledge__ Some heavy equipment guidance systems can even operate the machine's implements automatically from a set design that was created for the particular jobsite.", "Geocaching __knowledge__ Geocaching is an outdoor recreational activity, in which participants use a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver or mobile device and other navigational techniques to hide and seek containers, called \"geocaches\" or \"caches\", at specific locations marked by coordinates all over the world.", "Geocaching __knowledge__ A typical cache is a small waterproof container containing a logbook and sometimes a pen or pencil.", "Geocaching __knowledge__ The geocacher signs the log with their established code name and dates it, in order to prove that they found the cache.", "Geocaching __knowledge__ After signing the log, the cache must be placed back exactly where the person found it.", "Geocaching __knowledge__ Larger containers such as plastic storage containers (Tupperware or similar) or ammunition boxes can also contain items for trading, such as toys or trinkets, usually of more sentimental worth than financial.", "Mobile phone tracking __knowledge__ Mobile phone tracking is the ascertaining of the position or location of a mobile phone, whether stationary or moving.", "Mobile phone tracking __knowledge__ Localization may occur either via multilateration of radio signals between (several) cell towers of the network and the phone, or simply via GPS.", "Mobile phone tracking __knowledge__ To locate a mobile phone using multilateration of radio signals, it must emit at least the roaming signal to contact the next nearby antenna tower, but the process does not require an active call.", "Mobile phone tracking __knowledge__ The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is based on the phone's signal strength to nearby antenna masts.", "Mobile phone tracking __knowledge__ Mobile positioning may include location-based services that disclose the actual coordinates of a mobile phone, which is a technology used by telecommunication companies to approximate the location of a mobile phone, and thereby also its user.", "IPhone __knowledge__ iPhone ( ) is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone __knowledge__ They run Apple's iOS mobile operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks.", "IPhone __knowledge__ An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive email, browse the web, send and receive text messages, follow GPS navigation, record notes, perform mathematical calculations, and receive visual voicemail.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the \"Freedom on the Net\" reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the \"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices\" from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article.", "News __knowledge__ News is information about current events.", "News __knowledge__ News is provided through many different media: word of mouth, printing, postal systems, broadcasting, electronic communication, and also on the testimony of observers and witnesses to events.", "News __knowledge__ It is also used as a platform to manufacture opinion for the population.", "News __knowledge__ Common topics for news reports include war, government, politics, education, health, the environment, economy, business, fashion, and entertainment, as well as athletic events, quirky or unusual events.", "News __knowledge__ Government proclamations, concerning royal ceremonies, laws, taxes, public health, criminals, have been dubbed news since ancient times.", "Mail __knowledge__ The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels.", "Mail __knowledge__ A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems.", "Mail __knowledge__ Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as government monopolies with a fee on the article prepaid.", "Mail __knowledge__ Proof of payment is often in the form of adhesive postage stamps, but postage meters are also used for bulk mailing.", "Mail __knowledge__ Modern private postal systems are typically distinguished from national postal agencies by the names \"courier\" or \"delivery service\".", "Mail __knowledge__ Postal authorities often have functions other than transporting letters.", "Technological convergence __knowledge__ This article describe science and technology convergence, with illustrations to convergence of emerging technologies (NBIC, nano-, bio-, info- and cognitive technologies) and convergence of media technology.", "Technological convergence __knowledge__ \"\"Convergence is a deep integration of knowledge, tools, and all relevant activities of human activity for a common goal, to allow society to answer new questions to change the respective physical or social ecosystem.", "Technological convergence __knowledge__ Such changes in the respective ecosystem open new trends, pathways, and opportunities in the following divergent phase of the process\"\" (Roco 2002, Bainbridge and Roco 2016 ).", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Networked advocacy or net-centric advocacy refers to a specific type of advocacy.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ While networked advocacy has existed for centuries, it has become significantly more efficacious in recent years due in large part to the widespread availability of the internet, mobile telephones, and related communications technologies that enable users to overcome the transaction costs of collective action.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ The study of networked advocacy draws on interdisciplinary sources, including communication theory, political science, and sociology.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Theories of networked advocacy have been heavily influenced by social movement literature, and refer to the preexisting networks used to create and support collective actions and advocacy as well as the networks that such actions and advocacy create.", "Voice over IP __knowledge__ Voice over Internet Protocol (also voice over IP, VoIP or IP telephony) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet.", "Voice over IP __knowledge__ The terms Internet telephony, broadband telephony, and broadband phone service specifically refer to the provisioning of communications services (voice, fax, SMS, voice-messaging) over the public Internet, rather than via the public switched telephone network (PSTN).", "Voice over IP __knowledge__ The steps and principles involved in originating VoIP telephone calls are similar to traditional digital telephony and involve signaling, channel setup, digitization of the analog voice signals, and encoding." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.", "Internet __knowledge__ It is a \"network of networks\" that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.", "Internet __knowledge__ The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States Federal Government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks.", "Internet __knowledge__ The linking of commercial networks and enterprises in the early 1990s marked the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet, and generated rapid growth as institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to the network.", "Internet __knowledge__ By the late 2000s, its services and technologies had been incorporated into virtually every aspect of human lives.", "Internet __knowledge__ Most traditional communications media, including telephony, radio, television, paper mail and newspapers are being reshaped, redefined, or even bypassed by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as email, Internet telephony, Internet television, online music, digital newspapers, and video streaming websites.", "Honda in Formula One __knowledge__ Honda has participated in Formula One, as an entrant, constructor and engine supplier, for various periods since 1964.", "Honda in Formula One __knowledge__ Honda's involvement in Formula One began with the season; their withdrawal in 1968 was precipitated by the death of Honda driver Jo Schlesser during the 1968 French Grand Prix.", "Honda in Formula One __knowledge__ They returned in as an engine supplier, a role that ended in 1992.", "Honda in Formula One __knowledge__ They returned again in , providing engines for British American Racing (BAR).", "Honda in Formula One __knowledge__ By the end of 2005 they had bought out the BAR team, based at Brackley, United Kingdom, and renamed their new subsidiary Honda Racing.", "Honda in Formula One __knowledge__ It was announced on 5 December 2008 that Honda would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis and were looking to sell their team.", "Honda Super Cub __knowledge__ The Honda Super Cub is a Honda underbone motorcycle with a four stroke single cylinder engine ranging in displacement from .", "Honda Super Cub __knowledge__ In continuous manufacture since 1958 with production surpassing 60 million in 2008, 87 million in 2014, and 100 million in 2017, the Super Cub is the most produced motor vehicle in history.", "Honda Super Cub __knowledge__ Variants include the C100, C50, C70, C90, C100EX and C70 Passport.", "Honda Super Cub __knowledge__ The Super Cub's US advertising campaign, You meet the nicest people on a Honda, had a lasting impact on Honda's image and on American attitudes to motorcycling, and is often used as a marketing case study.", "Honda Super Cub __knowledge__ The idea for a new \"\" motorcycle was conceived in 1956, when Honda Motor's Soichiro Honda and Takeo Fujisawa toured Germany and witnessed the popularity of mopeds and lightweight motorcycles.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "VTEC __knowledge__ VTEC (Variable Valve Timing & Lift Electronic Control) is a system developed by Honda which was said to improve the volumetric efficiency of a four-stroke internal combustion engine, resulting in higher performance at high RPM, and lower fuel consumption at low RPM.", "VTEC __knowledge__ The VTEC system uses two camshaft profiles and hydraulically selects between profiles.", "VTEC __knowledge__ It was invented by Honda engineer Ikuo Kajitani.", "VTEC __knowledge__ It is distinctly different from standard VVT (variable valve timing) systems which only change valve timing and do not change the camshaft profile or valve lift in any way.", "VTEC __knowledge__ Japan levies a tax based on engine displacement, and Japanese auto manufacturers have correspondingly focused their research and development efforts toward improving the performance of their smaller engine designs through means other than displacement increases.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any motor vehicle that can be recharged from an external source of electricity, such as wall sockets, and the electricity stored in the rechargeable battery packs drives or contributes to drive the wheels.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ PEV is a subset of electric vehicles that includes all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), and electric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ In China, plug-in electric vehicles are called new energy vehicles (NEVs).", "Plug-in electric vehicle __knowledge__ Plug-in cars have several benefits compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Honda Accord is a series of automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Accord nameplate has been applied to a variety of vehicles worldwide, including coupes, wagons, hatchbacks and a crossover.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ Since initiation, Honda has offered several different car body styles and versions of the Accord, and often vehicles marketed under the Accord nameplate concurrently in different regions differ quite substantially.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ It debuted in 1976 as a compact hatchback, though this style only lasted through 1989, as the line-up was expanded to include a sedan, coupé, and wagon.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in the United States is actively supported by the American federal government, and several state and local governments.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ , cumulative sales in the U.S. totaled 764,666 highway legal plug-in electric vehicles since the market launch of the Tesla Roadster in 2008, , the American stock represented 28.1% of the global light-duty plug-in stock, and the U.S. had the world's third largest stock of plug-in passenger cars after China and Europe.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. market share of plug-in electric passenger cars increased from 0.14% in 2011 to 0.62% in 2013.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States __knowledge__ The plug-in segment reached a market share of 0.75% in 2014 and fell to 0.66% in 2015.", "2000s (decade) __knowledge__ The 2000s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 2000, and ended on December 31, 2009.", "2000s (decade) __knowledge__ The growth of the Internet contributed to globalization during the decade, which allowed faster communication among people around the world.", "2000s (decade) __knowledge__ The economic growth of the 2000s had considerable social, environmental and mass extinction consequences, raised demand for diminishing energy resources, and was still vulnerable, as demonstrated by the financial crisis of 2007–08.", "2000s (decade) __knowledge__ In the English-speaking world, a name for the decade was never universally accepted in the same manner as for decades such as the '80s, the '90s, etc.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) refers to the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) toward social, economic, and political development, with a particular emphasis on helping poor and marginalized people and communities.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ It aims to help in international development by bridging the digital divide and providing equitable access to technologies.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ ICT4D is grounded in the notions of \"development\", \"growth\", \"progress\" and \"globalization\" and is often interpreted as the use of technology to deliver a greater good.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Another similar term used in the literature is \"digital development\".", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ Higher education in Portugal is divided into two main subsystems: university and polytechnic education.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ It is provided in autonomous public universities, private universities, public or private university institutes, polytechnic institutions and higher education institutions of other types.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ Higher education in state-run educational establishments is provided on a competitive basis, a system of \"numerus clausus\" is enforced through a national database on student admissions.", "Higher education in Portugal __knowledge__ In addition, every higher education institution offers also a number of additional vacant places through other extraordinary admission processes for sportsmen, mature applicants (over 23 years old), international students, foreign students from the Lusosphere, degree owners from other institutions, students from other institutions (academic transfer), former students (readmission), and course change, which are subject to specific standards and regulations set by each institution or course department.", "Windows Vista __knowledge__ Windows Vista (codenamed Longhorn) is an operating system by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs and media center PCs.", "Windows Vista __knowledge__ Development was completed on 8 November 2006, and over the following three months, it was released in stages to computer hardware and software manufacturers, business customers and retail channels.", "Windows Vista __knowledge__ On 30 January 2007, it was released worldwide and was made available for purchase and download from the Windows Marketplace.", "Windows Vista __knowledge__ The release of Windows Vista came more than five years after the introduction of its predecessor, Windows XP, the longest time span between successive releases of Microsoft Windows desktop operating systems." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.", "Internet __knowledge__ It is a \"network of networks\" that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.", "Internet __knowledge__ The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.", "Internet __knowledge__ The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States Federal Government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks.", "Internet __knowledge__ The linking of commercial networks and enterprises in the early 1990s marked the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet, and generated rapid growth as institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to the network.", "Internet __knowledge__ By the late 2000s, its services and technologies had been incorporated into virtually every aspect of human lives.", "Internet __knowledge__ Most traditional communications media, including telephony, radio, television, paper mail and newspapers are being reshaped, redefined, or even bypassed by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as email, Internet telephony, Internet television, online music, digital newspapers, and video streaming websites.", "Computer security __knowledge__ Cyber security, computer security or IT security is the protection of computer systems from the theft and damage to their hardware, software or information, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide.", "Computer security __knowledge__ Cyber security includes controlling physical access to the hardware, as well as protecting against harm that may come via network access, data and code injection.", "Computer security __knowledge__ Also, due to malpractice by operators, whether intentional or accidental, IT security is susceptible to being tricked into deviating from secure procedures through various methods.", "Computer security __knowledge__ The field is of growing importance due to the increasing reliance on computer systems and the Internet, wireless networks such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, the growth of \"smart\" devices, including smartphones, televisions and tiny devices as part of the Internet of Things.", "Debit card __knowledge__ A debit card (also known as a bank card, plastic card or check card) is a plastic payment card that can be used instead of cash when making purchases.", "Debit card __knowledge__ It is similar to a credit card, but unlike a credit card, the money comes directly from the user's bank account when performing a transaction.", "Debit card __knowledge__ Some cards may carry a stored value with which a payment is made, while most relay a message to the cardholder's bank to withdraw funds from a payer's designated bank account.", "Debit card __knowledge__ In some cases, the primary account number is assigned exclusively for use on the Internet and there is no physical card.", "Debit card __knowledge__ In many countries, the use of debit cards has become so widespread that their volume has overtaken or entirely replaced cheques and, in some instances, cash transactions.", "Credit card __knowledge__ A credit card is a payment card issued to users (cardholders) to enable the cardholder to pay a merchant for goods and services based on the cardholder's promise to the card issuer to pay them for the amounts so paid plus the other agreed charges.", "Credit card __knowledge__ The card issuer (usually a bank) creates a revolving account and grants a line of credit to the cardholder, from which the cardholder can borrow money for payment to a merchant or as a cash advance.", "Credit card __knowledge__ In other words, credit cards combine payment services with extensions of credit.", "Credit card __knowledge__ Complex fee structures in the credit card industry may limit customers' ability to comparison shop, help ensure that the industry is not price-competitive and help maximize industry profits.", "Cyberwarfare __knowledge__ Cyberwarfare involves the battlespace use and targeting of computers and networks in warfare.", "Cyberwarfare __knowledge__ It involves both offensive and defensive operations pertaining to the threat of cyberattacks, espionage and sabotage.", "Cyberwarfare __knowledge__ There has been controversy over whether such operations can duly be called \"war\".", "Cyberwarfare __knowledge__ Nevertheless, nations have been developing their capabilities and engaged in cyberwarfare either as an aggressor, defendant, or both.", "Cyberwarfare __knowledge__ A number of definitions of cyber warfare have been proposed, with no single definition being widely adopted internationally.", "Cyberwarfare __knowledge__ Richard A. Clarke has defined it as \"actions by a nation-state to penetrate another nation's computers or networks for the purposes of causing damage or disruption\".", "Identity theft in the United States __knowledge__ Identity theft involves obtaining somebody else's identifying information and using it for a criminal purpose.", "Identity theft in the United States __knowledge__ Most often that purpose is to commit financial fraud, such as by obtaining loans or credits in the name of the person whose identity has been stolen.", "Identity theft in the United States __knowledge__ Stolen identifying information might also be used for other reasons, such as to obtain identification cards or for purposes of employment by somebody not legally authorized to work in the United States.", "Identity theft in the United States __knowledge__ According to a United States Department of Justice study, in 2012 the direct and indirect cost of identity theft was estimated to be responsible for financial losses of $24.7 billion, approximately twice the $14 billion total cost of other property crimes.", "EFTPOS __knowledge__ Electronic funds transfer at point of sale (EFTPOS ) is an electronic payment system involving electronic funds transfers based on the use of payment cards, such as debit or credit cards, at payment terminals located at points of sale.", "EFTPOS __knowledge__ EFTPOS technology originated in the United States in 1981 and was adopted by other countries.", "EFTPOS __knowledge__ In Australia and New Zealand, it is also the brand name of a specific system used for such payments; these systems are mainly country specific and do not interconnect.", "EFTPOS __knowledge__ Debit and credit cards are embossed plastic cards complying with ISO/IEC 7810 ID-1 standard.", "EFTPOS __knowledge__ The cards have an embossed bank card number conforming with the ISO/IEC 7812 numbering standard.", "Climatic Research Unit email controversy __knowledge__ The Climatic Research Unit email controversy (also known as \"Climategate\") began in November 2009 with the hacking of a server at the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia (UEA) by an external attacker, copying thousands of emails and computer files, the Climatic Research Unit documents, to various internet locations several weeks before the Copenhagen Summit on climate change.", "Climatic Research Unit email controversy __knowledge__ The story was first broken by climate change denialists with columnist James Delingpole popularising the term \"Climategate\" to describe the controversy.", "Climatic Research Unit email controversy __knowledge__ Several people considered climate change \"skeptics\" argued that the emails showed global warming was a scientific conspiracy, that scientists manipulated climate data and attempted to suppress critics.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ Initial concepts of wide area networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ The US Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s, including for the development of the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence Roberts.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ The first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969 from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI).", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The Web browser was released outside CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the \"Freedom on the Net\" reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the \"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices\" from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.", "Internet censorship and surveillance by country __knowledge__ The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article.", "Computing __knowledge__ Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating a mathematical sequence of steps known as an algorithm — e.g.", "Computing __knowledge__ through computers.", "Computing __knowledge__ Computing includes designing, developing and building hardware and software systems; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doing scientific research on and with computers; making computer systems behave intelligently; and creating and using communications and entertainment media.", "Computing __knowledge__ The field of computing includes computer engineering, software engineering, computer science, information systems, and information technology.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Networked advocacy or net-centric advocacy refers to a specific type of advocacy.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ While networked advocacy has existed for centuries, it has become significantly more efficacious in recent years due in large part to the widespread availability of the internet, mobile telephones, and related communications technologies that enable users to overcome the transaction costs of collective action.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ The study of networked advocacy draws on interdisciplinary sources, including communication theory, political science, and sociology.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Theories of networked advocacy have been heavily influenced by social movement literature, and refer to the preexisting networks used to create and support collective actions and advocacy as well as the networks that such actions and advocacy create.", "Social software __knowledge__ Social software, also known as Web 2.0 applications or social apps, include communication and interactive tools often based on the Internet.", "Social software __knowledge__ Communication tools typically handle the capturing, storing and presentation of communication, usually written but increasingly including audio and video as well.", "Social software __knowledge__ Interactive tools handle mediated interactions between a pair or group of users.", "Social software __knowledge__ They focus on establishing and maintaining a connection among users, facilitating the mechanics of conversation and talk.", "Social software __knowledge__ Although we do not have a generally accepted definition, social software generally refers to software that makes collaborative behaviour, the organisation and moulding of communities, self-expression, social interaction and feedback possible for individuals." ] ]

[ 7, 6, 3, 11 ]

[ "The internet is an amazing resource. Most traditional communications media, including telephony, radio, television, paper mail and newspapers are being reshaped, redefined, or even bypassed by the Internet", "So True! By the late 2000s, its services and technologies had been incorporated into virtually every aspect of our lives.", "Yes the internet can be useful but technology has taken over our lives. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web, electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.", "Yes, My aunt works in D.C. on cyber security. The field is of growing importance due to the increasing reliance on computer systems and the Internet, wireless networks such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, the growth of \"smart\" devices, including smartphones, televisions and tiny devices as part of the Internet of Things" ]

[ "Internet", "Internet", "Internet", "Internet" ]

[ "Poodle\nI was thinking of getting a poodle, do you know anything about that breed?", "I'd like to know more about toy poodles please.", "That's interesting, what is Crufts exactly?", "Oh that's cool, do you know where exactly in the UK Crufts is held?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Toy Poodles won \"Best in Show\" at Crufts in 1966 and 1982.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Standard Poodles achieved the award in 1955, 1985, 2002 and 2014.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The 2002 winner came from Norway and was the first overseas exhibit to win the Crufts best in show award.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origin of the poodle is disputed.", "Poodle __knowledge__ \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" traces the origin of the poodle in Germany where it was known as the \"Pudelhund\".", "Poodle __knowledge__ The word \"Pudel\" is derived from the Low German verb meaning \"to splash about\", and the word \"Hund\" (dog).", "Poodle __knowledge__ The Fédération Cynologique Internationale holds that the poodles descends from the French dog Barbet and might have been crossed with the Hungarian water dog.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Poodle crossbreed __knowledge__ Poodle crossbreeds or poodle hybrids are the offspring of purebred poodles that have been crossbred with another purebred dog breed.", "Poodle crossbreed __knowledge__ They may be described as a mixed breed dog, designer dog or, sometimes, as a hybrid dog.", "Poodle crossbreed __knowledge__ Normally, poodles are strongly line bred, for a combination of traits such as size and coat colour.", "Poodle crossbreed __knowledge__ In biological terms, poodle crossbreeds are an intraspecies hybrid, rather than a hybrid between two different species, since all dogs belong to the same species and subspecies: \"Canis lupus familiaris\".", "Poodle crossbreed __knowledge__ While some crosses are accidental, many crosses are intentionally bred.", "Poodle crossbreed __knowledge__ Among reputable breeders, crossbreeding is an attempt to breed dogs with positive characteristics of two recognized breeds.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ Philipp Friedrich Alexander, Prince of Eulenburg and Hertefeld, Count von Sandels (12 February 1847 – 17 September 1921) was a diplomat and composer of Imperial Germany who achieved considerable influence as the closest friend of Wilhelm II.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ He was the central member of the so-called Liebenberg Circle, a group of artistically minded German aristocrats within Wilhelm's entourage.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ Eulenburg played an important role in the rise of Bernhard von Bülow, but fell from power in 1907 due to the Harden–Eulenburg affair when he was accused of homosexuality.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ Eulenburg was born at Königsberg, Province of Prussia, the eldest son of Philipp Konrad, Count zu Eulenburg (Königsberg, 24 April 1820 – Berlin, 5 March 1889) and his wife, Baroness Alexandrine von Rothkirch und Panthen (Glogau, 20 June 1824 – Meran, 11 April 1902).", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The name, which alters \"poodle\" to \"doodle\" by analogy to \"Labradoodle\", was coined in 1992.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The original purpose of the cross was to develop guide dogs suitable for visually impaired individuals with allergies.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Poodles are considered to be hypoallergenic.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Their coats do not shed, which reduces dander.", "Schnoodle __knowledge__ A schnoodle is a domestic dog.", "Schnoodle __knowledge__ It is a cross between a schnauzer and a poodle.", "Schnoodle __knowledge__ Schnoodle is a portmanteau combining the two breed names.", "Schnoodle __knowledge__ Schnoodles are usually a cross of the smaller breeds of schnauzer and poodle.", "Schnoodle __knowledge__ As such, the weight of an adult schnoodle can range from 20-80 pounds.", "Schnoodle __knowledge__ Giant Schnoodles, the larger breed created by the pairing of a Standard Poodle and Giant Schnauzer, can weigh between 65 and up to 85 or 90 pounds for the largest of adult males.", "Schnoodle __knowledge__ Schnoodles may possess the rough hair and strong body shape of the schnauzer, or the thinner shape and the curly hair of the poodle, or any combination of these characteristics." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Toy Poodles won \"Best in Show\" at Crufts in 1966 and 1982.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Standard Poodles achieved the award in 1955, 1985, 2002 and 2014.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The 2002 winner came from Norway and was the first overseas exhibit to win the Crufts best in show award.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origin of the poodle is disputed.", "Poodle __knowledge__ \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" traces the origin of the poodle in Germany where it was known as the \"Pudelhund\".", "Poodle __knowledge__ The word \"Pudel\" is derived from the Low German verb meaning \"to splash about\", and the word \"Hund\" (dog).", "Poodle __knowledge__ The Fédération Cynologique Internationale holds that the poodles descends from the French dog Barbet and might have been crossed with the Hungarian water dog.", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ A Cockapoo (also known as a spoodle or cockadoodle) is a mixed-breed dog that is the cross between either Cocker Spaniel breeds (American Cocker Spaniel or English Cocker Spaniel) and a poodle (in most cases a miniature poodle or toy poodle).", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ A Cockapoo can be the result of either the American Cocker Spaniel or English Cocker Spaniel with a Poodle.", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ They have been known in the United States since the 1950s.", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ Purebred breed associations such as The Kennel Club, the American Kennel Club, the United Kennel Club, or the Canadian Kennel Club, do not recognize the Cockapoo.", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ Due to their popularity, Cockapoos are one of the mixed breed dogs most susceptible to be bred by puppy farms or unscrupulous amateur breeders looking to maximize profit.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The Fabulous Poodles were a British pre-new wave band formed in 1975.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ Known for quirky stage antics, such as exploding ukuleles, as well as songs with funny lyrics.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The Fabulous Poodles toured with Meat Loaf, Sha Na Na, Tom Petty, Bill Bruford and Chuck Berry (as backing band).", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ They appeared on the Old Grey Whistle Test and for a long time were music critic John Peel's favourite group.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The band released three albums between 1977 and 1979 on Pye Records.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The Fabulous Poodles started out just as The Poodles.", "Fabulous Poodles __knowledge__ The original Fabulous Poodles consisted of Tony de Meur on lead vocals and guitar, Richie Robertson on bass and vocals, Bobby Valentino on violin, mandolin and vocals, Bryn Burrows on drums and Bob Suffolk on piano.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ The Poodles are a glam metal/heavy metal band from Sweden.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ They are best known for their hits \"Metal Will Stand Tall\" and \"Night of Passion\", the latter of which was played in the Swedish Melodifestivalen in 2006.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ The band was formed by singer Jakob Samuel (a.k.a.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ Jake Samuels) who in the early 1990s was Talisman's drummer, bassist Pontus Egberg (ex Lion's Share), guitarist Pontus Norgren (also Talisman, Humanimal) and drummer Christian Lundqvist.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ The Poodles played in the Swedish Melodifestivalen contest in 2008, this time with E-Type.", "The Poodles __knowledge__ In addition, they played at the Sweden Rock Festival in 2006 and 2008.", "Griffon Bruxellois __knowledge__ The Griffon Bruxellois or Brussels Griffon is a breed of toy dog, named for their city of origin: Brussels, Belgium.", "Griffon Bruxellois __knowledge__ The Griffon Bruxellois may refer to three different breeds, the Griffon Bruxellois, the Griffon Belge and the Petit Brabançon.", "Griffon Bruxellois __knowledge__ Identical in standard except for coat and colour differences, in some standards they are considered varieties of the same breed, much like Belgian Shepherd Dogs.", "Griffon Bruxellois __knowledge__ The three variations of this dog, the Brussels Griffon (Griffon Bruxellois), the Belgian Griffon (Griffon Belge), and the Petit Brabançon, all descend from an old type of dog called a \"Smousje\", a rough coated, small terrier-like dog kept in stables to eliminate rodents, similar to the Dutch Smoushond.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle is a cross-breed dog, which is obtained by breeding a Golden Retriever with a Poodle.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The name, which alters \"poodle\" to \"doodle\" by analogy to \"Labradoodle\", was coined in 1992.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The Goldendoodle was first bred by Monica Dickens in 1969.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Popularity for the goldendoodle grew in the 1990s when breeders in North America and Australia began crossing Golden Retrievers with Standard Poodles.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ The original purpose of the cross was to develop guide dogs suitable for visually impaired individuals with allergies.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Poodles are considered to be hypoallergenic.", "Goldendoodle __knowledge__ Their coats do not shed, which reduces dander.", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ Crossbreed dogs or designer dogs are dogs which have been intentionally bred from two or more recognized dog breeds and not from dogs with no purebred ancestors, but have not been artificially bred to each other enough to breed true and be recognized as a breed in their own right.", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ Several unofficially recognized crossbreed types date from the 14th century or earlier, such as the lurcher or the longdog.", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ The \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" traces the term \"designer dog\" to the late 20th century, when breeders began to cross purebred poodles with other purebred breeds in order to obtain a dog with the poodles' hypoallergenic coat, along with various desirable characteristics from other breeds.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ A labradoodle (), also known as a labrapoodle () is a crossbreed dog created by crossing the Labrador Retriever and the Standard, Miniature or Toy Poodle.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ The term first appeared in 1955, but was not popularized until 1988, when the mix began to be used as a hypoallergenic guide dog.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ Currently, they are not considered a breed by any major fancier and breeder organization.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ Not all labradoodles are hypoallergenic, but it is a quality that many look for and appreciate in this type of crossbreed.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ The labradoodle became known in 1988, when Australian breeder Wally Conron crossed the Labrador Retriever and Standard Poodle at the Royal Guide Dogs Associations of Australia in Victoria." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Toy Poodles won \"Best in Show\" at Crufts in 1966 and 1982.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Standard Poodles achieved the award in 1955, 1985, 2002 and 2014.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The 2002 winner came from Norway and was the first overseas exhibit to win the Crufts best in show award.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origin of the poodle is disputed.", "Poodle __knowledge__ \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" traces the origin of the poodle in Germany where it was known as the \"Pudelhund\".", "Poodle __knowledge__ The word \"Pudel\" is derived from the Low German verb meaning \"to splash about\", and the word \"Hund\" (dog).", "Poodle __knowledge__ The Fédération Cynologique Internationale holds that the poodles descends from the French dog Barbet and might have been crossed with the Hungarian water dog.", "Corteo __knowledge__ Corteo was a Cirque du Soleil touring production that premiered in Montreal, Canada on April 21, 2005.", "Corteo __knowledge__ As of May 24, 2005, Cirque du Soleil had broken its record of spectators for the première location in Montreal; more than 200,000 people had viewed the production, far outpacing the prior record of 180,000 tickets sold for \"Varekai\" during its première.", "Corteo __knowledge__ The show's final performance under the big top took place in Quito, Ecuador on 13 December 2015.", "Corteo __knowledge__ On November 20, 2017, Cirque du Soleil announced that the show would once again set out on tour, this time in the arena format.", "Corteo __knowledge__ The re-staged show will premier March 2, 2018 in New Orleans.", "Crufts __knowledge__ Crufts is an umbrella term for an international canine event held annually in the UK.", "Crufts __knowledge__ Crufts is centred on a championship conformation show for dogs but also includes a large trade show of mainly dog-related goods and services and competitions in dog agility, obedience, flyball and heelwork to music.", "Crufts __knowledge__ The event is organised and hosted by the Kennel Club.", "Crufts __knowledge__ It is held over four days (Thursday to Sunday) in early March at the National Exhibition Centre (NEC) in Birmingham, England.", "Crufts __knowledge__ The highest profile dog show in British culture, it is the largest show of its kind in the world, as declared by \"Guinness World Records\".", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ Pedigree Dogs Exposed is a BBC One investigative documentary, produced by Jemima Harrison, which looks into health and welfare issues facing pedigree dogs in the United Kingdom.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It was originally broadcast on 19 August 2008.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The Kennel Club (KC), the governing body of pedigree dogs in the UK which runs the prestigious dog breed show Crufts, was criticised for allowing breed standards, judging standards and breeding practices to compromise the health of .", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The programme generated much criticism of the Kennel Club.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It also caused various sponsors and trade exhibitors to withdraw their participation from Crufts and other Kennel Club events.", "Mary Ray __knowledge__ Mary Ray is a professional dog trainer located in the UK.", "Mary Ray __knowledge__ She is generally credited with creation of heelwork to music in the United Kingdom.", "Mary Ray __knowledge__ Ray has qualified nine dogs to work Championship ‘C’ Obedience; seven Border Collies and two Belgian Shepherds (Tervurens).", "Mary Ray __knowledge__ She has won 59 Kennel Club Obedience Challenge Certificates with five of her dogs and 38 Reserve Certificates.", "Mary Ray __knowledge__ Ray’s Belgian Shepherd, Roxy, was the first Belgian Shepherd in the UK to become an Obedience Champion and she also won the Bitch Obedience Championship at Crufts.", "Mary Ray __knowledge__ Ray's also very well known Border Collie Red Hot Toddy was the winner of the Dog Obedience Championship at Crufts.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ Ch.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ Soletrader Peek A Boo, also known as Jilly, is a Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen show dog owned by Sara Robertson and Wendy Doherty and handled by Gavin Robertson, who won Best in Show at Crufts in 2013.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ Jilly's owners plan to retire her following her win.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ Jilly is owned by Sara Robertson and Wendy Doherty and handled by Gavin Robertson.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ As of March 2013, she is four years old and lives in Wallingford, Oxfordshire.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ Jilly's dam was Ch.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ Soletrader My Aphrodisiac, aka \"Dizzy\", who was the most successful dog of her breed in the UK.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ At Crufts in 2011, Jilly was reserve to Best in Show winner Sh Ch.", "List of Best in Show winners of Crufts __knowledge__ The title Best in Show is awarded annually to the dog chosen as winner of the Crufts dog show, according to conformation show rules.", "List of Best in Show winners of Crufts __knowledge__ This title was first awarded in 1928, the initial winner being Primley Sceptre, a fawn Greyhound.", "List of Best in Show winners of Crufts __knowledge__ Previously, Crufts had used the title \"Best Champion\", sponsored by the \"Illustrated Kennel News\", which was awarded from 1905 to 1914.", "List of Best in Show winners of Crufts __knowledge__ The first winner of Best Champion was Ch.", "List of Best in Show winners of Crufts __knowledge__ The Sable Mite, a Pomeranian.", "List of Best in Show winners of Crufts __knowledge__ According to \"Crufts: The Official History\" the first winner of that award was the first dog to be considered the \"best\" at a Crufts show, although it only lists winners between 1906 and 1912.", "H. S. Lloyd __knowledge__ Herbert Summers Lloyd MBE, (1 April 1887 – 26 January 1963), known commonly as H. S. Lloyd, was best known for being a breeder of show English Cocker Spaniels.", "H. S. Lloyd __knowledge__ He remains the most successful breeder/owner at Crufts, having won Best in Show on six occasions in the 1930s and 1940s.", "H. S. Lloyd __knowledge__ Born on 1 April 1887, his father Richard Lloyd was a dog breeder considered to be one of the founding fathers of the English Cocker Spaniel.", "H. S. Lloyd __knowledge__ Once he left school, he became an apprentice to a printer; however after two years in the trade, he left to pursue his love for dogs.", "H. S. Lloyd __knowledge__ In 1906, Lloyd adopted the \"of Ware\" kennel suffix, named after Ware, Hertfordshire where the kennel was original kennels were located.", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ A Cockapoo (also known as a spoodle or cockadoodle) is a mixed-breed dog that is the cross between either Cocker Spaniel breeds (American Cocker Spaniel or English Cocker Spaniel) and a poodle (in most cases a miniature poodle or toy poodle).", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ A Cockapoo can be the result of either the American Cocker Spaniel or English Cocker Spaniel with a Poodle.", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ They have been known in the United States since the 1950s.", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ Purebred breed associations such as The Kennel Club, the American Kennel Club, the United Kennel Club, or the Canadian Kennel Club, do not recognize the Cockapoo.", "Cockapoo __knowledge__ Due to their popularity, Cockapoos are one of the mixed breed dogs most susceptible to be bred by puppy farms or unscrupulous amateur breeders looking to maximize profit.", "Afterglow Maverick Sabre __knowledge__ Ch./Am.", "Afterglow Maverick Sabre __knowledge__ Ch.", "Afterglow Maverick Sabre __knowledge__ Afterglow Maverick Sabre, also known as Ricky, is a black Standard Poodle show dog owned at that time by his handler Jason Lynn together with John and Sandra Stone, who won Best in Show at Crufts in 2014.", "Afterglow Maverick Sabre __knowledge__ After the win, Ricky's owners stated he would retire from show ring competitions in the U.K.", "Afterglow Maverick Sabre __knowledge__ He has also had a successful career in America.", "Afterglow Maverick Sabre __knowledge__ At the time of his Crufts success, Ricky was owned by his handler Jason Lynn in partnership with John and Sandra Stone.", "Afterglow Maverick Sabre __knowledge__ He was sometime later transferred to the ownership of Ilaria Biondi de Ciabatti.", "Afterglow Maverick Sabre __knowledge__ Bred by Jason and his partner Mike Gadsby at their home in Preston, Lancashire, Ricky was born on 4 September 2011.", "Charles Cruft (showman) __knowledge__ Charles Alfred Cruft (28 June 1852 – 10 September 1938) was a British showman who founded the Crufts dog show.", "Charles Cruft (showman) __knowledge__ Charles first became involved with dogs when he began to work at Spratt's, a manufacturer of dog biscuits.", "Charles Cruft (showman) __knowledge__ He rose to the position of general manager, and whilst working for Spratt's in France he was invited to run his first dog show at the 1878 Exposition Universelle.", "Charles Cruft (showman) __knowledge__ After running dog shows in London for four years, he ran his first Cruft's dog show in 1891, and continued to run a further 45 shows until his death in 1938, as well as running two cat shows in 1894 and 1895.", "Charles Cruft (showman) __knowledge__ He was involved in a range of dog breed clubs, including that for Schipperkes, Pugs and Borzois.", "Yakee A Dangerous Liaison __knowledge__ Ch.", "Yakee A Dangerous Liaison __knowledge__ Yakee A Dangerous Liaison (born 6 September 1999), also known as Danny, is a Pekingese, who was the winner of the title of Best In Show at the Crufts in 2003.", "Yakee A Dangerous Liaison __knowledge__ He had previously been Reserve Best in Show at the competition in 2002.", "Yakee A Dangerous Liaison __knowledge__ Following his victory, he was accused of having undergone a cosmetic procedure, which supposedly turned out to be an exploratory surgery for tonsillitis.", "Yakee A Dangerous Liaison __knowledge__ A documentary broadcast in 2008, \"Pedigree dogs exposed\" later revealed that Danny had in fact undergone surgery due to a serious inherited disorder, exacerbated by conformation to breed standards.", "Yakee A Dangerous Liaison __knowledge__ Danny began his conformation show career at the age of three months, winning nine Best in Show titles prior to Crufts in 2003." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Toy Poodles won \"Best in Show\" at Crufts in 1966 and 1982.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Standard Poodles achieved the award in 1955, 1985, 2002 and 2014.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The 2002 winner came from Norway and was the first overseas exhibit to win the Crufts best in show award.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origin of the poodle is disputed.", "Poodle __knowledge__ \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" traces the origin of the poodle in Germany where it was known as the \"Pudelhund\".", "Poodle __knowledge__ The word \"Pudel\" is derived from the Low German verb meaning \"to splash about\", and the word \"Hund\" (dog).", "Poodle __knowledge__ The Fédération Cynologique Internationale holds that the poodles descends from the French dog Barbet and might have been crossed with the Hungarian water dog.", "Crufts __knowledge__ Crufts is an umbrella term for an international canine event held annually in the UK.", "Crufts __knowledge__ Crufts is centred on a championship conformation show for dogs but also includes a large trade show of mainly dog-related goods and services and competitions in dog agility, obedience, flyball and heelwork to music.", "Crufts __knowledge__ The event is organised and hosted by the Kennel Club.", "Crufts __knowledge__ It is held over four days (Thursday to Sunday) in early March at the National Exhibition Centre (NEC) in Birmingham, England.", "Crufts __knowledge__ The highest profile dog show in British culture, it is the largest show of its kind in the world, as declared by \"Guinness World Records\".", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ Pedigree Dogs Exposed is a BBC One investigative documentary, produced by Jemima Harrison, which looks into health and welfare issues facing pedigree dogs in the United Kingdom.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It was originally broadcast on 19 August 2008.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The Kennel Club (KC), the governing body of pedigree dogs in the UK which runs the prestigious dog breed show Crufts, was criticised for allowing breed standards, judging standards and breeding practices to compromise the health of .", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ The programme generated much criticism of the Kennel Club.", "Pedigree Dogs Exposed __knowledge__ It also caused various sponsors and trade exhibitors to withdraw their participation from Crufts and other Kennel Club events.", "Mary Ray __knowledge__ Mary Ray is a professional dog trainer located in the UK.", "Mary Ray __knowledge__ She is generally credited with creation of heelwork to music in the United Kingdom.", "Mary Ray __knowledge__ Ray has qualified nine dogs to work Championship ‘C’ Obedience; seven Border Collies and two Belgian Shepherds (Tervurens).", "Mary Ray __knowledge__ She has won 59 Kennel Club Obedience Challenge Certificates with five of her dogs and 38 Reserve Certificates.", "Mary Ray __knowledge__ Ray’s Belgian Shepherd, Roxy, was the first Belgian Shepherd in the UK to become an Obedience Champion and she also won the Bitch Obedience Championship at Crufts.", "Mary Ray __knowledge__ Ray's also very well known Border Collie Red Hot Toddy was the winner of the Dog Obedience Championship at Crufts.", "The Kennel Club __knowledge__ The Kennel Club (\"KC\") is the official kennel club of the United Kingdom.", "The Kennel Club __knowledge__ It is the oldest recognised kennel club in the world.", "The Kennel Club __knowledge__ Its role is to act as governing body for various canine activities including dog shows, dog agility and working trials.", "The Kennel Club __knowledge__ It also operates the national register of pedigree dogs in the United Kingdom and acts as a lobby group on issues involving dogs in the UK.", "The Kennel Club __knowledge__ Its headquarters are located on Clarges Street in Mayfair, London, with business offices in Aylesbury.", "The Kennel Club __knowledge__ The Kennel Club registration system divides dogs into seven breed groups.", "The Kennel Club __knowledge__ The Kennel Club Groups are: Hound, Working, Terrier, Gundog, Pastoral, Utility and Toy.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ Ch.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ Soletrader Peek A Boo, also known as Jilly, is a Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen show dog owned by Sara Robertson and Wendy Doherty and handled by Gavin Robertson, who won Best in Show at Crufts in 2013.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ Jilly's owners plan to retire her following her win.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ Jilly is owned by Sara Robertson and Wendy Doherty and handled by Gavin Robertson.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ As of March 2013, she is four years old and lives in Wallingford, Oxfordshire.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ Jilly's dam was Ch.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ Soletrader My Aphrodisiac, aka \"Dizzy\", who was the most successful dog of her breed in the UK.", "Soletrader Peek A Boo __knowledge__ At Crufts in 2011, Jilly was reserve to Best in Show winner Sh Ch.", "List of Best in Show winners of Crufts __knowledge__ The title Best in Show is awarded annually to the dog chosen as winner of the Crufts dog show, according to conformation show rules.", "List of Best in Show winners of Crufts __knowledge__ This title was first awarded in 1928, the initial winner being Primley Sceptre, a fawn Greyhound.", "List of Best in Show winners of Crufts __knowledge__ Previously, Crufts had used the title \"Best Champion\", sponsored by the \"Illustrated Kennel News\", which was awarded from 1905 to 1914.", "List of Best in Show winners of Crufts __knowledge__ The first winner of Best Champion was Ch.", "List of Best in Show winners of Crufts __knowledge__ The Sable Mite, a Pomeranian.", "List of Best in Show winners of Crufts __knowledge__ According to \"Crufts: The Official History\" the first winner of that award was the first dog to be considered the \"best\" at a Crufts show, although it only lists winners between 1906 and 1912.", "Conformation show __knowledge__ A conformation show, also referred to as a \"breed show\", is a kind of dog show in which a judge familiar with a specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for how well the dogs \"conform\" to the established breed type for their breed, as described in a breed's individual breed standard.", "Conformation show __knowledge__ Such shows are useful to breeders as a means of evaluating dogs for breeding purposes.", "Conformation show __knowledge__ A conformation championship from a recognized national kennel club is generally considered a reasonably objective indication of merit, as it indicates that the dog has been found to be a superior example of its breed by some number of different judges on some number of separate occasions.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Bartell Group __knowledge__ The Bartell Group, later known as Bartell Broadcasters, Bartell Family Radio, Macfadden-Bartell, and the Bartell Media Corporation, was a family-owned company that owned a number of radio stations in the United States during the 1940s through the 1960s.", "Bartell Group __knowledge__ Family members involved in the radio operations included five siblings, Gerald \"Jerry\" Bartell, Melvin Bartell, Lee Bartell, David Bartell, Rosa Bartell Evans, and one sibling-in-law, Ralph Evans.", "Bartell Group __knowledge__ Several of them got their start in while attending the University of Wisconsin and participating in the operations of university-owned station WHA.", "Bartell Group __knowledge__ They entered the radio business with Milwaukee station in 1947, on the belief that between them they had expertise in law, engineering, music, writing, and acting, all of which would prove useful in the field.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ Heelwork to music is a dog sport similar to musical canine freestyle.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ The sport is officially recognised by the Kennel Club.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ The sport has evolved since the early 1990s when obedience handler Mary Ray first demonstrated the sport at Crufts.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ Rugby Dog Club held the first show in 1996 and this show has continued to be the highlight of the sporting year.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ 2005 saw the first invitational competition at Crufts, and was won by Tina Humphrey and her blue merle Border Collie, Bluecroft My Blue Heaven (a rescue dog from a council dog pound).", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ 2006 saw the first proper Crufts competition.", "Heelwork to music __knowledge__ Rugby Dog Training Club now host the official Crufts SemiFinal Competition where advanced handlers who have competed at qualifying events throughout the year compete for the first ten places and the chance to work at Crufts." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 17, 15 ]

[ "Well, there are Standard Poodles, Miniature Poodles, and Toy Poodles. Which were you thinking about?", "Toy Poodles have won \"Best in Show\" a couple of times at Crufts.", "Crufts is an international canine event in the UK that's held annually.", "They hold the event at the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham, England." ]

[ "Poodle", "Poodle", "Poodle", "Poodle" ]

[ "Entomology", "I think insects are gross, but I am glad there are people that study them.", "What kinds of things do they study about insects?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Entomology __knowledge__ Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology.", "Entomology __knowledge__ In the past the term \"insect\" was more vague, and historically the definition of entomology included the study of terrestrial animals in other arthropod groups or other phyla, such as arachnids, myriapods, earthworms, land snails, and slugs.", "Entomology __knowledge__ This wider meaning may still be encountered in informal use.", "Entomology __knowledge__ Like several of the other fields that are categorized within zoology, entomology is a taxon-based category; any form of scientific study in which there is a focus on insect-related inquiries is, by definition, entomology.", "Entomology __knowledge__ Entomology therefore overlaps with a cross-section of topics as diverse as molecular genetics, behavior, biomechanics, biochemistry, systematics, physiology, developmental biology, ecology, morphology, and paleontology.", "Entomology __knowledge__ At some 1.3 million described species, insects account for more than two-thirds of all known organisms, date back some 400 million years, and have many kinds of interactions with humans and other forms of life on earth.", "Entomology __knowledge__ Entomology is rooted in nearly all human cultures from prehistoric times, primarily in the context of agriculture (especially biological control and beekeeping), but scientific study began only as recently as the 16th century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Entomology __knowledge__ Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology.", "Entomology __knowledge__ In the past the term \"insect\" was more vague, and historically the definition of entomology included the study of terrestrial animals in other arthropod groups or other phyla, such as arachnids, myriapods, earthworms, land snails, and slugs.", "Entomology __knowledge__ This wider meaning may still be encountered in informal use.", "Entomology __knowledge__ Like several of the other fields that are categorized within zoology, entomology is a taxon-based category; any form of scientific study in which there is a focus on insect-related inquiries is, by definition, entomology.", "Entomology __knowledge__ Entomology therefore overlaps with a cross-section of topics as diverse as molecular genetics, behavior, biomechanics, biochemistry, systematics, physiology, developmental biology, ecology, morphology, and paleontology.", "Entomology __knowledge__ At some 1.3 million described species, insects account for more than two-thirds of all known organisms, date back some 400 million years, and have many kinds of interactions with humans and other forms of life on earth.", "Entomology __knowledge__ Entomology is rooted in nearly all human cultures from prehistoric times, primarily in the context of agriculture (especially biological control and beekeeping), but scientific study began only as recently as the 16th century.", "Pelorosaurus __knowledge__ Pelorosaurus ( ; meaning \"monstrous lizard\") is the generic name of a sauropod dinosaur.", "Pelorosaurus __knowledge__ \"Pelorosaurus\" was one of the first sauropod names ever.", "Pelorosaurus __knowledge__ Remains referred to \"Pelorosaurus\" date from the Early Cretaceous period, about 140-125 million years ago and have been found in England and Portugal.", "Pelorosaurus __knowledge__ Many species have been named in the genus but today these are largely seen as belonging to other genera.", "Pelorosaurus __knowledge__ The first named species of \"Pelorosaurus\", \"P. conybeari\", is a junior synonym of \"Cetiosaurus brevis\".", "Pelorosaurus __knowledge__ \"Pelorosaurus\" was the first sauropod to be identified as a dinosaur, although it was not the first to be discovered.", "David Attenborough __knowledge__ Sir David Frederick Attenborough, (; born 8 May 1926) is an English veteran broadcaster and naturalist.", "David Attenborough __knowledge__ He is best known for writing and presenting, in conjunction with the BBC Natural History Unit, the nine natural history documentary series that form the \"Life\" collection.", "David Attenborough __knowledge__ This collection of programmes collectively form a comprehensive survey of animal and plant life on Earth.", "David Attenborough __knowledge__ He is also a former senior manager at the BBC, having served as controller of BBC Two and director of programming for BBC Television in the 1960s and 1970s.", "David Attenborough __knowledge__ He is the only person to have won BAFTAs for programmes in each of black and white, colour, HD, 3D and 4K.", "Insect __knowledge__ Insects or Insecta (from Latin ', a calque of Greek ['], \"cut into sections\") are by far the largest group of hexapod invertebrates within the arthropod phylum.", "Insect __knowledge__ Definitions and circumscriptions vary; in one approach insects comprise a class within the Phylum Arthropoda.", "Insect __knowledge__ As the term is used here, it is synonymous with Ectognatha.", "Insect __knowledge__ Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae.", "Insect __knowledge__ They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet, including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms.", "Fertilisation of Orchids __knowledge__ Fertilisation of Orchids is a book by English naturalist Charles Darwin published on 15 May 1862 under the full explanatory title \"On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing\".", "Fertilisation of Orchids __knowledge__ Darwin's previous book, \"On the Origin of Species\", had briefly mentioned evolutionary interactions between insects and the plants they fertilised, and this new idea was explored in detail.", "Fertilisation of Orchids __knowledge__ Field studies and practical scientific investigations that were initially a recreation for Darwin—a relief from the drudgery of writing—developed into enjoyable and challenging experiments.", "Glad (duke) __knowledge__ Glad (, , , ) was the ruler of Banat (in present-day Romania and Serbia) at the time of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin around 900 AD, according to the \"Gesta Hungarorum\".", "Glad (duke) __knowledge__ The \"Gesta\", which was written by an author known in modern scholarship as Anonymus in the second half of the 12th century or in the early 13th century, is the earliest extant Hungarian chronicle.", "Glad (duke) __knowledge__ The \"Gesta\" did not refer to the enemies of the conquering Hungarians (or Magyars), who had been mentioned in earlier annals and chronicles, but wrote of a dozen persons, including Glad, who are unknown from other primary sources of the Hungarian Conquest.", "Haestasaurus __knowledge__ Haestasaurus is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur, belonging to the Macronaria, that during the Early Cretaceous lived in the area of present-day England.", "Haestasaurus __knowledge__ The only species is \"Haestasaurus becklesii\".", "Haestasaurus __knowledge__ As a sauropod, \"Haestasaurus\" would have been a large quadrupedal long-necked dinosaur.", "Haestasaurus __knowledge__ Little information is available about the specifics of its build because only a forelimb is known of the animal.", "Haestasaurus __knowledge__ An indication of the size of \"Haestasaurus\" is given by the length of the forelimb elements.", "Haestasaurus __knowledge__ The humerus is 599 millimetres long, the ulna 421 millimetres and the radius, situated next to the ulna in the lower arm, has a length of 404 millimetres.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ The most recent understanding of the evolution of insects is based on studies of the following branches of science: molecular biology, insect morphology, paleontology, insect taxonomy, evolution, embryology, bioinformatics and scientific computing.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ It is estimated that the class of insects originated on Earth about 480 million years ago, in the Ordovician, at about the same time terrestrial plants appeared.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ Insects evolved from a group of crustaceans.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ The first insects were land bound, but about 400 million years ago in the Devonian period one lineage of insects evolved flight, the first animals to do so.", "Forensic entomology __knowledge__ Forensic entomology is the scientific study of the invasion of the succession pattern of arthropods with their developmental stages of different species found on the decomposed cadavers during legal investigations.", "Forensic entomology __knowledge__ It is the application and study of insect and other arthropod biology to criminal matters.", "Forensic entomology __knowledge__ It also involves the application of the study of arthropods, including insects, arachnids, centipedes, millipedes, and crustaceans to criminal or legal cases.", "Forensic entomology __knowledge__ It is primarily associated with death investigations; however, it may also be used to detect drugs and poisons, determine the location of an incident, and find the presence and time of the infliction of wounds.", "Insects in culture __knowledge__ The roles of insects in culture span different aspects of human life, whether analysed academically or more generally.", "Insects in culture __knowledge__ Academically, the interaction of insects and society has been treated in part as cultural entomology, dealing mostly with \"advanced\" societies, and in part as ethnoentomology, dealing mostly with \"primitive\" societies, though the distinction is weak and not based on theory.", "Insects in culture __knowledge__ Both academic disciplines explore the parallels, connections and influence of insects on human populations, and vice versa.", "Insects in culture __knowledge__ They are rooted in anthropology and natural history, as well as entomology, the study of insects.", "List of schools and organizations related to forensic entomology __knowledge__ Forensic entomology is the study of insects related to humans.", "List of schools and organizations related to forensic entomology __knowledge__ There are three areas associated with forensic entomology; urban entomology, stored products entomology, and mediocriminal entomology.", "List of schools and organizations related to forensic entomology __knowledge__ This page deals only with the area of mediocriminology and the schools and organizations associated with it.", "List of schools and organizations related to forensic entomology __knowledge__ Mediocriminology is the interaction of the criminal justice system and the use of insects for investigations pertaining to the deaths of humans.", "List of schools and organizations related to forensic entomology __knowledge__ This is a growing science in which nations around the world are partaking in research to expand its applications.", "List of schools and organizations related to forensic entomology __knowledge__ The following list of schools and organizations is not comprehensive due to the ever-changing nature of forensic entomology.", "Forensic entomology and the law __knowledge__ Forensic entomology deals with the collection of arthropodic evidence and its application, and through a series of tests and previously set of rules, general admissibility of said evidence is determined.", "Forensic entomology and the law __knowledge__ Forensic entomology may come into play in a variety of legal cases, including crime scene investigation, abuse and neglect cases, accidents, insect infestation, and food contamination.", "Forensic entomology and the law __knowledge__ The admissibility of forensic evidence is left up to the judgement of the court.", "Forensic entomology and the law __knowledge__ To provide a strong basis of admissibility for the evidence, accurate documentation is essential so that there is no room for speculation as to the authenticity of the evidence.", "John Curtis (entomologist) __knowledge__ John Curtis (Born: Norwich, 3 September 1791: Died: 18 Belitha-villas, Islington, London: 6 October 1862) - English entomologist and illustrator.", "John Curtis (entomologist) __knowledge__ John Curtis (1791-1862) In John Curtis we have lost one the most successful cultivators of British zoology and entomology, one of the most accomplished delineators of insects, and one of the closest observers of the phenomena of insect life.", "John Curtis (entomologist) __knowledge__ Mr. Curtis was born at Norwich, on 3 December 1791, and died on 6 October 1862.", "John Curtis (entomologist) __knowledge__ His father having died before the son had reached his fourth year, his training developed upon his mother, whose lover of flowers had no doubt great influence in the developing of that love of nature which he very early manifested." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Entomology __knowledge__ Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology.", "Entomology __knowledge__ In the past the term \"insect\" was more vague, and historically the definition of entomology included the study of terrestrial animals in other arthropod groups or other phyla, such as arachnids, myriapods, earthworms, land snails, and slugs.", "Entomology __knowledge__ This wider meaning may still be encountered in informal use.", "Entomology __knowledge__ Like several of the other fields that are categorized within zoology, entomology is a taxon-based category; any form of scientific study in which there is a focus on insect-related inquiries is, by definition, entomology.", "Entomology __knowledge__ Entomology therefore overlaps with a cross-section of topics as diverse as molecular genetics, behavior, biomechanics, biochemistry, systematics, physiology, developmental biology, ecology, morphology, and paleontology.", "Entomology __knowledge__ At some 1.3 million described species, insects account for more than two-thirds of all known organisms, date back some 400 million years, and have many kinds of interactions with humans and other forms of life on earth.", "Entomology __knowledge__ Entomology is rooted in nearly all human cultures from prehistoric times, primarily in the context of agriculture (especially biological control and beekeeping), but scientific study began only as recently as the 16th century.", "Insect __knowledge__ Insects or Insecta (from Latin ', a calque of Greek ['], \"cut into sections\") are by far the largest group of hexapod invertebrates within the arthropod phylum.", "Insect __knowledge__ Definitions and circumscriptions vary; in one approach insects comprise a class within the Phylum Arthropoda.", "Insect __knowledge__ As the term is used here, it is synonymous with Ectognatha.", "Insect __knowledge__ Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae.", "Insect __knowledge__ They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet, including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ The most recent understanding of the evolution of insects is based on studies of the following branches of science: molecular biology, insect morphology, paleontology, insect taxonomy, evolution, embryology, bioinformatics and scientific computing.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ It is estimated that the class of insects originated on Earth about 480 million years ago, in the Ordovician, at about the same time terrestrial plants appeared.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ Insects evolved from a group of crustaceans.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ The first insects were land bound, but about 400 million years ago in the Devonian period one lineage of insects evolved flight, the first animals to do so.", "Insects in culture __knowledge__ The roles of insects in culture span different aspects of human life, whether analysed academically or more generally.", "Insects in culture __knowledge__ Academically, the interaction of insects and society has been treated in part as cultural entomology, dealing mostly with \"advanced\" societies, and in part as ethnoentomology, dealing mostly with \"primitive\" societies, though the distinction is weak and not based on theory.", "Insects in culture __knowledge__ Both academic disciplines explore the parallels, connections and influence of insects on human populations, and vice versa.", "Insects in culture __knowledge__ They are rooted in anthropology and natural history, as well as entomology, the study of insects.", "Beet leafhopper __knowledge__ The beet leafhopper (\"Circulifer tenellus\"), also sometimes known as \"Neoaliturus tenellus\", is a species of leafhopper which belongs to the family Cicadellidae in the order Hemiptera.", "Beet leafhopper __knowledge__ A lot of morphological diversity has been reported among populations of the beet leafhopper in the United States.", "Beet leafhopper __knowledge__ Morphological descriptions of two different populations of beet leafhoppers from California and Mexico are presented here.", "Beet leafhopper __knowledge__ The leaf hopper is described as a small insect, 3 – 3.5 mm in length, which is often greenish yellow, tan or olive in colour.", "Beet leafhopper __knowledge__ The leaf hopper may have darker markings on its wings, pronotum, abdomen and head if it has developed during colder temperatures.", "Insect morphology __knowledge__ Insect morphology is the study and description of the physical form of insects.", "Insect morphology __knowledge__ The terminology used to describe insects is similar to that used for other arthropods due to their shared evolutionary history.", "Insect morphology __knowledge__ Three physical features separate insects from other arthropods: they have a body divided into three regions (head, thorax, and abdomen), have three pairs of legs, and mouthparts located \"outside\" of the head capsule.", "Insect morphology __knowledge__ It is this position of the mouthparts which divides them from their closest relatives, the non-insect hexapods, which includes Protura, Diplura, and Collembola.", "Insect morphology __knowledge__ There is enormous variation in body structure amongst insect species.", "Entomophagy __knowledge__ Entomophagy (, from Greek ἔντομον \"éntomon\", \"insect\", and φᾰγεῖν \"phagein\", \"to eat\") is the human use of insects as food.", "Entomophagy __knowledge__ The eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of certain insects have been eaten by humans from prehistoric times to the present day.", "Entomophagy __knowledge__ Human insect-eating is common to cultures in most parts of the world, including North, Central, and South America; and Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand.", "Entomophagy __knowledge__ Over 1,000 species of insects are known to be eaten in 80% of the world's nations.", "Entomophagy __knowledge__ The total number of ethnic groups recorded to practice entomophagy is around 3,000.", "Entomophagy __knowledge__ However, in some societies insect-eating is uncommon or even taboo.", "Ecology __knowledge__ Ecology (from , \"house\", or \"environment\"; -λογία, \"study of\") is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment.", "Ecology __knowledge__ It is an interdisciplinary field that straddles biology, geography, and Earth science.", "Ecology __knowledge__ Objects of study include interactions of organisms with each other and with abiotic components of their environment.", "Ecology __knowledge__ Topics of interest include the biodiversity, distribution, biomass, and populations of organisms, as well as cooperation and competition within and between species.", "Ecology __knowledge__ Ecosystems are dynamically interacting systems of organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment.", "List of schools and organizations related to forensic entomology __knowledge__ Forensic entomology is the study of insects related to humans.", "List of schools and organizations related to forensic entomology __knowledge__ There are three areas associated with forensic entomology; urban entomology, stored products entomology, and mediocriminal entomology.", "List of schools and organizations related to forensic entomology __knowledge__ This page deals only with the area of mediocriminology and the schools and organizations associated with it.", "List of schools and organizations related to forensic entomology __knowledge__ Mediocriminology is the interaction of the criminal justice system and the use of insects for investigations pertaining to the deaths of humans.", "List of schools and organizations related to forensic entomology __knowledge__ This is a growing science in which nations around the world are partaking in research to expand its applications.", "List of schools and organizations related to forensic entomology __knowledge__ The following list of schools and organizations is not comprehensive due to the ever-changing nature of forensic entomology.", "Forensic entomology __knowledge__ Forensic entomology is the scientific study of the invasion of the succession pattern of arthropods with their developmental stages of different species found on the decomposed cadavers during legal investigations.", "Forensic entomology __knowledge__ It is the application and study of insect and other arthropod biology to criminal matters.", "Forensic entomology __knowledge__ It also involves the application of the study of arthropods, including insects, arachnids, centipedes, millipedes, and crustaceans to criminal or legal cases.", "Forensic entomology __knowledge__ It is primarily associated with death investigations; however, it may also be used to detect drugs and poisons, determine the location of an incident, and find the presence and time of the infliction of wounds.", "University of the Philippines Los Baños Limnological Research Station __knowledge__ The UPLB Limnological Research Station traces its root from the Department of Entomology, of the then UP College of Agriculture.", "University of the Philippines Los Baños Limnological Research Station __knowledge__ Since its conception, the station contributed immensely to the understanding of the bounties of Laguna de Bay and helped establish the duck farming industry on Los Baňos foreshores and pioneered in aquarium fish production in the country.", "University of the Philippines Los Baños Limnological Research Station __knowledge__ It serves as the base for studies on limnology and biology of aquatic organisms aimed at developing strategies for the optimum utilization and sustained production of aquatic resources; developing, adapting or improving conventional technologies used to increase fish production; and promoting environment friendly approaches for effective water management.", "Forensic entomology and the law __knowledge__ Forensic entomology deals with the collection of arthropodic evidence and its application, and through a series of tests and previously set of rules, general admissibility of said evidence is determined.", "Forensic entomology and the law __knowledge__ Forensic entomology may come into play in a variety of legal cases, including crime scene investigation, abuse and neglect cases, accidents, insect infestation, and food contamination.", "Forensic entomology and the law __knowledge__ The admissibility of forensic evidence is left up to the judgement of the court.", "Forensic entomology and the law __knowledge__ To provide a strong basis of admissibility for the evidence, accurate documentation is essential so that there is no room for speculation as to the authenticity of the evidence.", "Mahadeva Subramania Mani __knowledge__ Mahadeva Subramania Mani (; March 2, 1908 in Tanjore, Tamil Nadu - January 8, 2003 in Bangalore) was an Indian entomologist especially famous for his studies on high altitude entomology.", "Mahadeva Subramania Mani __knowledge__ Early school records and University of Madras, MA Degree certificate show his name as M. Subramanya.", "Mahadeva Subramania Mani __knowledge__ Later on, sometime early during his service career, he recorded his name as Mahadev Subra Mani a.k.a.", "Mahadeva Subramania Mani __knowledge__ Mahadeva Subra Mani a.k.a.", "Mahadeva Subramania Mani __knowledge__ M. S. Mani.", "Mahadeva Subramania Mani __knowledge__ He had his early education at K. S. High School, Tanjore and passed his SSLC Examination in 1926.", "Mahadeva Subramania Mani __knowledge__ He then attended the Government College, Coimbatore and passed the Intermediate Examination, 1928.", "T. N. Ananthakrishnan __knowledge__ Taracad Narayanan Ananthakrishnan (15 December 1925 – 7 August 2015), was an Indian entomologist and insect ecologist.", "T. N. Ananthakrishnan __knowledge__ His areas of specialisation were Entomology, Cecidology and Chemical Ecology.", "T. N. Ananthakrishnan __knowledge__ He did extensive study of Indian thrips (Thysanoptera) and made immense contributions to this field of science.", "T. N. Ananthakrishnan __knowledge__ Ananathakrishnan, a native of Taracad in Palakkad district, Kerala, was the eldest son of T. K. Narayanan and T. A. Annapurani.", "T. N. Ananthakrishnan __knowledge__ After completing schooling at Mangalore and Palghat, he completed undergraduate study in zoology at the Madras Christian College, Madras (now Chennai) with honours in 1946." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 5 ]

[ "So what do you think about Entomology..The study of insects.", "As do I actually. Entomology is actually a branch of zoology", "a diverse group of topics actually including molecular genetics, behavior, biomechanics, biochemistry, systematics, physiology, and devolopmental biology" ]

[ "Entomology", "Entomology", "Entomology" ]

[ "Pet\nHi! I love dogs and cats. I'd like to get a pet, what would you recommend?", "I was thinking the same thing! What breeds of cats are there?", "Those are beautiful cats. What kinds of dog breeds do you know about?", "Would you recommend an exotic pet?", "Do you know anything more about wild cats?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pet __knowledge__ A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.", "Pet __knowledge__ Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets provide their owners (or guardians) both physical and emotional benefits.", "Pet __knowledge__ Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people, as well as to other people who are living alone.", "Pet __knowledge__ There is a medically approved class of therapy animals, mostly dogs or cats, that are brought to visit confined humans, such as children in hospitals or elders in nursing homes.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pet therapy utilizes trained animals and handlers to achieve specific physical, social, cognitive, and emotional goals with patients.", "Pet __knowledge__ Some of the most popular pets are likely dogs and cats; other animals commonly kept may include (but are not limited to) pigs, ferrets, and rabbits; rodents such as gerbils, hamsters, chinchillas, rats, and guinea pigs; avian pets, such as parrots, passerines, and fowl; reptile pets, such as turtles, lizards and snakes; aquatic pets, such as fish, freshwater and saltwater snails, and frogs; arthropod pets, such as tarantulas and hermit crabs.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Must Love Dogs is a 2005 American romantic comedy film based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Starring Diane Lane and John Cusack, it is the second and final film directed and written by Gary David Goldberg and was produced on a budget of $30 million.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ The film focuses on a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Production started on October 12, 2004 with a final release date of July 29, 2005.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Critics opinions were mostly negative but indicated that the actors were not to blame.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ \"Must Love Dogs\" took the fifth spot on its opening weekend and has grossed more than $58 million worldwide.", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Dog food is food specifically formulated and intended for consumption by dogs and other related canines.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Like all carnivores, dogs have sharp, pointed teeth, and have short gastrointestinal tracts better suited for the consumption of meat.", "Dog food __knowledge__ In spite of this natural carnivorous design, dogs have still managed to adapt over thousands of years to survive on the meat and non-meat scraps and leftovers of human existence and thrive on a variety of foods.", "Dog food __knowledge__ In the United States alone, dog owners spent over $8.6 billion on commercially manufactured dog food in 2007.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Some people make their own dog food, feed their dogs meals made from ingredients purchased in grocery or health food stores or give their dogs a raw food diet.", "2007 pet food recalls __knowledge__ The 2007 pet food recalls comprise the contamination and wide recall of many brands of cat and dog foods beginning in March 2007, and the ensuing developments involving the human food supply.", "2007 pet food recalls __knowledge__ The recalls in North America, Europe, and South Africa came in response to reports of renal failure in pets.", "2007 pet food recalls __knowledge__ Initially, the recalls were associated with the consumption of mostly wet pet foods made with wheat gluten from a single Chinese company.", "2007 pet food recalls __knowledge__ After more than three weeks of complaints from consumers, the recall began voluntarily with the Canadian company Menu Foods on 16 March 2007, when a company test showed sickness and death in some of the test animals." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pet __knowledge__ A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.", "Pet __knowledge__ Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets provide their owners (or guardians) both physical and emotional benefits.", "Pet __knowledge__ Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people, as well as to other people who are living alone.", "Pet __knowledge__ There is a medically approved class of therapy animals, mostly dogs or cats, that are brought to visit confined humans, such as children in hospitals or elders in nursing homes.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pet therapy utilizes trained animals and handlers to achieve specific physical, social, cognitive, and emotional goals with patients.", "Pet __knowledge__ Some of the most popular pets are likely dogs and cats; other animals commonly kept may include (but are not limited to) pigs, ferrets, and rabbits; rodents such as gerbils, hamsters, chinchillas, rats, and guinea pigs; avian pets, such as parrots, passerines, and fowl; reptile pets, such as turtles, lizards and snakes; aquatic pets, such as fish, freshwater and saltwater snails, and frogs; arthropod pets, such as tarantulas and hermit crabs.", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ The Manx cat (, in earlier times often spelled Manks), is a breed of domestic cat (\"Felis catus\") originating on the Isle of Man, with a naturally occurring mutation that shortens the tail.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Many Manx have a small stub of a tail, but Manx cats are best known as being entirely tailless; this is the most distinguishing characteristic of the breed, along with elongated hind legs and a rounded head.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Manx cats come in all coat colours and patterns, though all-white specimens are rare, and the coat range of the original stock was more limited.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Long-haired variants are sometimes considered a separate breed, the Cymric.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The Persian cat (Persian: گربه ایرانی \"Gorbe Irâni\") is a long-haired breed of cat characterized by its round face and short muzzle.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ It is also known as the Persian Longhair.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ In the Middle East they are widely known as \"Iranian cat\" and in Iran they are known as \"Shirazi cat\".", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The first documented ancestors of the Persian were imported into Italy from Iran (Persia) around 1620.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The exact history of the Persian cat does seem to be a bit of a mystery but many of these long-haired cats were seen in hieroglyphics.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The story has it that these long-haired cats were then imported into Europe as their popularity grew and breeding took place in Italy and France.", "Cat registry __knowledge__ A cat registry or cat breed registry, also known as a cat fancier organisation, cattery federation, or cat breeders' association, is an organisation that registers domestic cats (usually purebred) of many breeds, for exhibition and for breeding lineage tracking purposes.", "Cat registry __knowledge__ A cat registry stores the pedigrees (genealogies) of cats, cattery names, and other details of cats; studbooks (lists of authorised studs of recognised breeds), breed descriptions, and the formal breed standards (a.k.a.", "Cat registry __knowledge__ standards of points or SoP); lists of judges qualified to judge at shows run by or affiliated with that registry; and sometimes other information.", "Show cat __knowledge__ A show cat (also known as a purebred cat or pedigreed cat) is one that has been judged to be close to the physical ideal for its breed standard at a cat show.", "Show cat __knowledge__ Not all pedigreed cats are show cats, many are just pets but the ones with the best conformation and personality are often shown in associations such as the CFA and TICA in the US, the GCCF in the UK or the FiFe in the rest of Europe.", "Show cat __knowledge__ Uncommonly, a prize-winning pedigreed show cat can be worth thousands of dollars but most are loved pets.", "Show cat __knowledge__ In order to compare examples of breeds and improve stock, cat shows are held where judges evaluate the cats according to a breed standard.", "Siamese cat __knowledge__ The Siamese cat is one of the first distinctly recognized breeds of Asian cat.", "Siamese cat __knowledge__ Derived from the Wichianmat landrace, one of several varieties of cat native to Thailand (formerly known as Siam), the Siamese became one of the most popular breeds in Europe and North America in the 19th century.", "Siamese cat __knowledge__ The carefully refined modern Siamese is characterized by blue almond-shaped eyes; a triangular head shape; large ears; an elongated, slender, and muscular body; and point colouration.", "Siamese cat __knowledge__ (Aside from the colouration, it bears little resemblance to the original stock, and the more moderate, traditional or \"old-style\" Siamese, with a much rounder head and body, has been re-established by multiple registries as the Thai cat.)", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ The following is a list of experimental cat breeds and crossbreeds that do not have the recognition of major national or international cat registries, such as The International Cat Association (TICA) in the US, Europe, and Australasia; the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in the UK, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FiFE) in continental Europe, the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) in North America, or the more recent World Cat Federation based in Germany.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Such a breed may be recognized by one of the smaller cat registries.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Smaller registries include the Rare and Exotic Feline Registry (REFR), The Dwarf Cat Association (TDCA), and others.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ The Savannah is a hybrid cat breed.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ It is a cross between a serval and a domestic cat.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ A Savannah cat is a cross between a domestic cat and a serval, a medium-sized, large-eared wild African cat.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ The unusual cross became popular among breeders at the end of the 1990s, and in 2001 The International Cat Association (TICA) accepted it as a new registered breed.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ In May 2012, TICA accepted it as a championship breed.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ Judee Frank crossbred a male serval, belonging to Suzi Woods, with a Siamese (domestic cat) to produce the first Savannah cat (named Savannah) on April 7, 1986.", "Savannah cat __knowledge__ In 1996, Patrick Kelley and Joyce Sroufe wrote the original version of the Savannah breed standard and presented it to the board of The International Cat Association." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pet __knowledge__ A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.", "Pet __knowledge__ Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets provide their owners (or guardians) both physical and emotional benefits.", "Pet __knowledge__ Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people, as well as to other people who are living alone.", "Pet __knowledge__ There is a medically approved class of therapy animals, mostly dogs or cats, that are brought to visit confined humans, such as children in hospitals or elders in nursing homes.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pet therapy utilizes trained animals and handlers to achieve specific physical, social, cognitive, and emotional goals with patients.", "Pet __knowledge__ Some of the most popular pets are likely dogs and cats; other animals commonly kept may include (but are not limited to) pigs, ferrets, and rabbits; rodents such as gerbils, hamsters, chinchillas, rats, and guinea pigs; avian pets, such as parrots, passerines, and fowl; reptile pets, such as turtles, lizards and snakes; aquatic pets, such as fish, freshwater and saltwater snails, and frogs; arthropod pets, such as tarantulas and hermit crabs.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ Dog breeds are dogs that have relatively uniform physical characteristics developed under controlled conditions by humans, with breeding animals selected for phenotypic traits such as size, coat color, structure, and behavior.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ The Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognizes 337 pure dog breeds.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ Other uses of the term breed when referring to dogs may include pure breeds, cross-breeds, mixed breeds and natural breeds.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ In 2017, a study showed that 9,000 years ago the domestic dog was present at what is now Zhokhov Island, arctic north-eastern Siberia, which was connected to the mainland at that time.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dog types are broad categories of dogs based on form, function or style of work, lineage, or appearance.", "Dog type __knowledge__ In contrast, modern \"dog breeds\" are particular breed standards, sharing a common set of heritable characteristics, determined by the kennel club that recognizes the breed.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dog types include ancestral forms (or \"landraces\") that arose undocumented over a long time.", "Dog type __knowledge__ A \"dog type\" can be referred to broadly, as in gun dog, or more specifically, as in spaniel.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dogs raised and trained for a specific working ability rather than appearance may not closely resemble other dogs doing the same work, or any of the dogs of the analogous breed group of purebred dogs.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Breed-specific legislation is a law passed by a legislative body pertaining to a specific breed or breeds of domesticated animals.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ In practice, it generally refers to laws pertaining to a specific dog breed or breeds.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Some jurisdictions have enacted breed-specific legislation in response to a number of well-publicized incidents involving pit bull-type dogs or other dog breeds commonly used in dog fighting, and some government organizations such as the United States Army and Marine Corps have taken administrative action as well.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ This legislation ranges from outright bans on the possession of these dogs, to restrictions and conditions on ownership, and often establishes a legal presumption that these dogs are \"prima facie\" legally \"dangerous\" or \"vicious\".", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ Dog anatomy comprises the anatomical studies of the visible parts of the body of a canine.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ Details of structures vary tremendously from breed to breed, more than in any other animal species, wild or domesticated, as dogs are highly variable in height and weight.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier that stood only at the shoulder, in length along the head and body, and weighed only .", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ The largest known adult dog was an English Mastiff which weighed and was from the snout to the tail.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ The tallest known adult dog is a Great Dane that stands at the shoulder.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ Source: The following is a list of the muscles in the dog along with their origin, insertion, action and innervation.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Sabino horse __knowledge__ Sabino is a group of white spotting patterns in horses that affect the skin and hair.", "Sabino horse __knowledge__ A wide variety of irregular color patterns are accepted as sabino.", "Sabino horse __knowledge__ In the strictest sense, \"sabino\" refers to the white patterns produced by the \"Sabino 1\" (SB1) gene, for which there is a DNA test.", "Sabino horse __knowledge__ However, other horse enthusiasts also refer to patterns that are visually similar to SB1 as \"sabino\", even if testing indicates the gene is not present.", "Sabino horse __knowledge__ Use of the term to describe non-SB1 \"sabino\" patterns in breeds that apparently do not carry the gene is hotly debated by both researchers and horse breeders.", "Sabino horse __knowledge__ Sabino patterning is visually recognized by roaning at the edges of white markings, belly spots, irregular face markings, especially white extending past the eyes or onto the chin, white above the knees or hocks, and \"splash\" or \"lacy\" marks anywhere on the body, but particularly on the belly.", "Siamese cat __knowledge__ The Siamese cat is one of the first distinctly recognized breeds of Asian cat.", "Siamese cat __knowledge__ Derived from the Wichianmat landrace, one of several varieties of cat native to Thailand (formerly known as Siam), the Siamese became one of the most popular breeds in Europe and North America in the 19th century.", "Siamese cat __knowledge__ The carefully refined modern Siamese is characterized by blue almond-shaped eyes; a triangular head shape; large ears; an elongated, slender, and muscular body; and point colouration.", "Siamese cat __knowledge__ (Aside from the colouration, it bears little resemblance to the original stock, and the more moderate, traditional or \"old-style\" Siamese, with a much rounder head and body, has been re-established by multiple registries as the Thai cat.)", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The Persian cat (Persian: گربه ایرانی \"Gorbe Irâni\") is a long-haired breed of cat characterized by its round face and short muzzle.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ It is also known as the Persian Longhair.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ In the Middle East they are widely known as \"Iranian cat\" and in Iran they are known as \"Shirazi cat\".", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The first documented ancestors of the Persian were imported into Italy from Iran (Persia) around 1620.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The exact history of the Persian cat does seem to be a bit of a mystery but many of these long-haired cats were seen in hieroglyphics.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The story has it that these long-haired cats were then imported into Europe as their popularity grew and breeding took place in Italy and France.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The dachshund ( or or ) is a short-legged, long-bodied, hound-type dog breed.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ The standard size dachshund was developed to scent, chase, and flush out badgers and other burrow-dwelling animals, while the miniature dachshund was bred to hunt smaller prey such as rabbits.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ In the United States, they have also been used to track wounded deer and hunt prairie dogs.", "Dachshund __knowledge__ Dachshunds also participate in conformation shows, field trials and many other events organized through pure-bred dog organizations such as the American Kennel Club (AKC).", "Dachshund __knowledge__ According to the AKC, the dachshund is ranked in 13th place in popularity amongst dog breeds in the United States.", "List of Alex Rider characters __knowledge__ This is a list of protagonists and antagonists from British author Anthony Horowitz's \"Alex Rider\" series.", "List of Alex Rider characters __knowledge__ This includes characters from the novels, the film, the graphic novels, and the short stories.", "List of Alex Rider characters __knowledge__ Anthony Sean Howell, more commonly referred to as Ash (his initials), is a major character in \"Snakehead\".", "List of Alex Rider characters __knowledge__ Ash was born in England and worked for MI6 with his best friend John Rider.", "List of Alex Rider characters __knowledge__ When John went undercover within Scorpia, Ash was assigned to monitor his progress from a distance in case his friend got into difficulty.", "List of Alex Rider characters __knowledge__ Ash was chosen to lead the mission to \"capture\" John, when he and Yassen Gregorovich were sent to kill a target in Malta." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pet __knowledge__ A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.", "Pet __knowledge__ Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets provide their owners (or guardians) both physical and emotional benefits.", "Pet __knowledge__ Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people, as well as to other people who are living alone.", "Pet __knowledge__ There is a medically approved class of therapy animals, mostly dogs or cats, that are brought to visit confined humans, such as children in hospitals or elders in nursing homes.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pet therapy utilizes trained animals and handlers to achieve specific physical, social, cognitive, and emotional goals with patients.", "Pet __knowledge__ Some of the most popular pets are likely dogs and cats; other animals commonly kept may include (but are not limited to) pigs, ferrets, and rabbits; rodents such as gerbils, hamsters, chinchillas, rats, and guinea pigs; avian pets, such as parrots, passerines, and fowl; reptile pets, such as turtles, lizards and snakes; aquatic pets, such as fish, freshwater and saltwater snails, and frogs; arthropod pets, such as tarantulas and hermit crabs.", "Exotic pet __knowledge__ An exotic pet is a rare or unusual animal pet, or an animal kept within human households which is generally thought of as a wild species not typically kept as a pet.", "Exotic pet __knowledge__ Commonly, the definition is an evolving one; some rodents, reptiles, and amphibians have become firmly enough established in the world of animal fancy to no longer be considered exotic.", "Exotic pet __knowledge__ Sometimes any unique or wild-looking pet (including common domestic animals such as the ferret and the fancy rat) is called an exotic pet.", "Exotic pet __knowledge__ \"Exotic\" generally refers to a species which is not native or indigenous to the owner's locale, and \"pet\" is a companion animal living with people.", "Exotic felines as pets __knowledge__ A pet exotic feline, also called pet wild cat or pet non-domestic cat, is a member of the Felidae family (excluding the house cat and hybrids thereof) kept as an exotic pet.", "Exotic felines as pets __knowledge__ Hybrids of the domestic cat with non-domestic species (e. g. the Bengal cat or the Savannah cat) are not normally considered wild cats.", "Exotic felines as pets __knowledge__ While this distinction is often overlooked in the media and in the public eye, such cat breeds (especially the F5 and subsequent generations) are much closer to the domestic cat in terms of housing and husbandry requirements, behavior, and legality.", "Exotic felines as pets __knowledge__ Unlike many other exotic pet species, wild cats usually cannot be kept indoors and require a large outdoor enclosure.", "Conservation of slow lorises __knowledge__ Slow lorises are nocturnal strepsirrhine primates in the genus \"Nycticebus\" that live in the rainforests of South and Southeast Asia.", "Conservation of slow lorises __knowledge__ They are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation from deforestation, selective logging, and slash-and-burn agriculture, as well as by collection and hunting for the wildlife trade, including the exotic pet trade, and for use in traditional medicine and as bushmeat.", "Conservation of slow lorises __knowledge__ Because of these and other threats, all five species of slow loris are listed as either \"Vulnerable\" or \"Endangered\" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).", "Conservation of slow lorises __knowledge__ Their conservation status was originally listed as \"Least Concern\" in 2000 because of imprecise population surveys and the frequency in which these primates were found in animal markets.", "Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine __knowledge__ Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Elsevier in cooperation with the Association of Exotic Mammal Veterinarians.", "Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine __knowledge__ It was established in 1992 as \"Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine\", obtaining its current title in 2006.", "Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine __knowledge__ The editors-in-chief are Thomas N. Tully Jr. (Louisiana State University) and Mark A. Mitchell (University of Illinois).", "Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine __knowledge__ The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded, The Zoological Record, Global Health (Index Veterinarius, Veterinary Bulletin), CAB Abstracts, and Scopus.", "Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine __knowledge__ According to the \"Journal Citation Reports\", the journal has a 2012 impact factor of 0.400.", "Yellow-banded poison dart frog __knowledge__ The yellow-banded poison dart frog (\"Dendrobates leucomelas\"), also known as yellow-headed poison dart frog or bumblebee poison frog, is a poisonous frog from the \"Dendrobates\" genus of the family Dendrobatidae.", "Yellow-banded poison dart frog __knowledge__ \"D. leucomelas\" is found in the northern part of continent of South America, most notably in Venezuela.", "Yellow-banded poison dart frog __knowledge__ It is also found in parts of Guyana, Brazil, and the extreme easternmost part of Colombia.", "Yellow-banded poison dart frog __knowledge__ This amphibian is normally found in very humid conditions in tropical rain forests, close to fresh water.", "Yellow-banded poison dart frog __knowledge__ It is often found on flat rocks, trees, plants (notably bromeliads), and the leaf litter of the forest floor.", "Strepsirrhini __knowledge__ Strepsirrhini or Strepsirhini (; ) is a suborder of primates that includes the lemuriform primates, which consist of the lemurs of Madagascar, galagos (\"bushbabies\") and pottos from Africa, and the lorises from India and southeast Asia.", "Strepsirrhini __knowledge__ Collectively they are referred to as strepsirrhines.", "Strepsirrhini __knowledge__ Also belonging to the suborder are the extinct adapiform primates, a diverse and widespread group that thrived during the Eocene (56 to 34 million years ago [mya]) in Europe, North America, and Asia, but disappeared from most of the Northern Hemisphere as the climate cooled; the last of the adapiforms died out at the end of the Miocene (~7 mya).", "Australian green tree frog __knowledge__ The Australian green tree frog, simply green tree frog in Australia, White's tree frog, or dumpy tree frog (\"Litoria caerulea\") is a species of tree frog native to Australia and New Guinea, with introduced populations in the United States and New Zealand, though the latter is believed to have died out.", "Australian green tree frog __knowledge__ The species belongs to the genus \"Litoria\".", "Australian green tree frog __knowledge__ It is morphologically similar to some other members of the genus, particularly the magnificent tree frog (\"L. splendida\") and the white-lipped tree frog (\"L. infrafrenata\").", "Australian green tree frog __knowledge__ Larger than most Australian frogs, the Australian green tree frog reaches 10 cm (4 in) or more in length.", "Rat Terrier __knowledge__ The Rat Terrier is an American dog breed with a background as a farm dog and hunting companion.", "Rat Terrier __knowledge__ Traditionally more of a type than a breed, they share much ancestry with the small hunting dogs known as feists.", "Rat Terrier __knowledge__ Common throughout family farms in the 1920s and 1930s, they are now recognized by the United and American Kennel Clubs and are considered a rare breed.", "Rat Terrier __knowledge__ Today's Rat Terrier is an intelligent and active small dog that is kept both for pest control and as a family pet.", "Rat Terrier __knowledge__ The Rat Terrier ranges from about 10 to 25 pounds and stands 10 to 18 inches at the shoulder.", "Rat Terrier __knowledge__ The miniature size (13 inches and under as defined by the UKC) is becoming increasingly popular as a house pet and companion dog, but the miniature is still a hunting dog.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ The American Hairless Terrier is a rare breed of dog that was derived as a variant of Rat Terrier.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ As of January 1, 2004, the United Kennel Club deemed the AHT a separate terrier breed, granting it full UKC recognition.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ An intelligent, social and energetic working breed, the American Hairless Terrier is often listed as a potential good breed choice for allergy sufferers.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ The American Hairless Terrier's American ancestry begins with the mixed breed terriers called Feists brought from Europe to North America as early as the 18th century.", "American Hairless Terrier __knowledge__ In the late 1800s the Rat Terrier breed was developed from the Feist by the addition of Beagle, Italian Greyhound and Miniature Pinscher bloodlines.", "Teddy Roosevelt Terrier __knowledge__ The Teddy Roosevelt Terrier is a small to medium-sized American hunting terrier.", "Teddy Roosevelt Terrier __knowledge__ Lower-set with shorter legs, more muscular, and heavier bone density than its cousin the American Rat Terrier.", "Teddy Roosevelt Terrier __knowledge__ There is much diversity in the history of the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier breed and it shares a common early history with the American Rat Terrier, Fox Paulistinha and Tenterfield Terrier.", "Teddy Roosevelt Terrier __knowledge__ It is said the Rat Terrier background stems from the terriers or other dogs that were brought over by early English and other working class immigrants.", "Teddy Roosevelt Terrier __knowledge__ Since the breed was a farm, hunting and utility dog there was little to no planned breeding other than breeding dogs with agreeable traits to each other in order to produce the desired work ethic in the dog.", "National Rat Terrier Association __knowledge__ The National Rat Terrier Association (NRTA) is an American breed-specific registry for Rat Terriers.", "National Rat Terrier Association __knowledge__ The association provides full-service photo registries and litter registrations.", "National Rat Terrier Association __knowledge__ Extensive breed information is available, as well as comprehensive pedigree services.", "National Rat Terrier Association __knowledge__ The National Rat Terrier Association was formed in 1995 and established its efforts to create a breed standard for the Rat Terrier.", "National Rat Terrier Association __knowledge__ It was formed by breeders who wanted to preserve the history and heritage of the lines and how they were evolved.", "National Rat Terrier Association __knowledge__ They created a registry known as the National Rat Terrier Registry (NRTR).", "National Rat Terrier Association __knowledge__ It is the largest private Rat Terrier organization with thousands of registered dogs and puppies.", "Jack Russell Terrier __knowledge__ The Jack Russell Terrier is a small terrier that has its origins in fox hunting.", "Jack Russell Terrier __knowledge__ It is principally white-bodied and smooth, rough or broken-coated but can be any colour.", "Jack Russell Terrier __knowledge__ The Jack Russell is frequently confused with the Parson Russell terrier (see the American Kennel Club) and the Russell terrier, which is a shorter-legged, stockier variety.", "Jack Russell Terrier __knowledge__ (Within the \"Fédération Cynologique Internationale\", the \"Russell terrier\" is also known as \"Jack Russell terrier\".)", "Jack Russell Terrier __knowledge__ The term \"Jack Russell\" is also commonly misapplied to other small white terriers.", "Jack Russell Terrier __knowledge__ The Jack Russell is a broad type, with a size range of .", "Jack Russell Terrier __knowledge__ The Parson Russell is limited only to a middle range with a standard size of , while the Russell terrier is smaller at .", "Feist (dog) __knowledge__ A Feist is a small hunting dog, descended from the terriers brought over to the United States by English miners and other working class immigrants.", "Feist (dog) __knowledge__ These terriers probably included crosses between the Smooth Fox Terrier, the Manchester Terrier and the now extinct English White Terrier.", "Feist (dog) __knowledge__ These dogs were used as ratters, and gambling on their prowess in killing rats was a favorite hobby of their owners.", "Feist (dog) __knowledge__ Some of these dogs have been crossed with Greyhounds, Whippets or Italian Greyhounds (for speed) and Beagles or other Hounds (for hunting ability) - extending the family to include a larger variety of purpose than the original ratter, or Rat Terrier.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ This is a list of Pound Puppies characters from the television series that ran from 1986 to 1989.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ The animated children's show was based on the popular 1980's stuffed toy line.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ Cooler (Beagle/Bloodhound mix) – Cooler is the leader of the Pound Puppies.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ As his name would imply, Cooler has an outgoing and mellow personality and always keeps his head up even in the most daring situations.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ He also has a witty and sharp sense of humor compared to the other characters in the series, which is also backed up by his goofy Eddie Murphy-styled laugh.", "List of Pound Puppies characters __knowledge__ His battle cry is \"Pound Puppies, let's start pounding!\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pet __knowledge__ A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.", "Pet __knowledge__ Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets provide their owners (or guardians) both physical and emotional benefits.", "Pet __knowledge__ Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people, as well as to other people who are living alone.", "Pet __knowledge__ There is a medically approved class of therapy animals, mostly dogs or cats, that are brought to visit confined humans, such as children in hospitals or elders in nursing homes.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pet therapy utilizes trained animals and handlers to achieve specific physical, social, cognitive, and emotional goals with patients.", "Pet __knowledge__ Some of the most popular pets are likely dogs and cats; other animals commonly kept may include (but are not limited to) pigs, ferrets, and rabbits; rodents such as gerbils, hamsters, chinchillas, rats, and guinea pigs; avian pets, such as parrots, passerines, and fowl; reptile pets, such as turtles, lizards and snakes; aquatic pets, such as fish, freshwater and saltwater snails, and frogs; arthropod pets, such as tarantulas and hermit crabs.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ The Iriomote cat (\"Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis\") is a subspecies of the leopard cat that lives exclusively on the Japanese island of Iriomote.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ It has been listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2008, as the only population comprises fewer than 250 adult individuals and is considered declining.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ As of 2007, there were an estimated 100–109 individuals remaining.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ In Japanese, it is called .", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ In local dialects of the Yaeyama language, it is known as , , and .", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ The fur of the Iriomote cat is mostly dark gray and light brown, with lighter hair on the belly and insides of the limbs.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ Warriors is a series of novels published by HarperCollins; it is written by authors Kate Cary, Cherith Baldry, Tui Sutherland, with the plot developed by editor Victoria Holmes, who collectively use the pseudonym Erin Hunter.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ The series follows the adventures of four Clans of wild cats—ThunderClan, ShadowClan, WindClan, and RiverClan —in their forest and lake homes, who look up to StarClan, their warriors ancestors, and spirits in the stars, who guide the four clans.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ SkyClan, the long-forgotten fifth Clan of the forest, is later introduced in the stand-alone novel \"Firestar's Quest\".", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ It receives additional focus in the novel \"SkyClan's Destiny\", the manga trilogy \"SkyClan and the Stranger\", and the 2013 novella \"Cloudstar's Journey\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Felidae Conservation Fund __knowledge__ Felidae Conservation Fund (FCF) is a California-based non-profit organization dedicated to preserving wild cats and their habitats.", "Felidae Conservation Fund __knowledge__ The organization supports and promotes international wild cat research and conservation by collaborating on field research projects, partnering with other environmental organizations, and developing community outreach and education programs.", "Felidae Conservation Fund __knowledge__ FCF was founded in 2006 by conservationist and entrepreneur Zara McDonald.", "Felidae Conservation Fund __knowledge__ As a competitive marathon runner, McDonald twice encountered mountain lions during solitary runs in the Marin Headlands in Northern California.", "Felidae Conservation Fund __knowledge__ These encounters led her to become involved in California mountain lion research in 2002, and she soon expanded her research work to include other wild cat species.", "Cats in the United States __knowledge__ Many different species of mammal can be classified as cats (felids) in the United States.", "Cats in the United States __knowledge__ These include domestic cat (both house cats and feral), of the species \"Felis catus\"; medium-sized wild cats from the genus \"Lynx\"; and big cats from the genera \"Puma\" and \"Panthera\".", "Cats in the United States __knowledge__ Domestic cats vastly outnumber wild cats in the United States.", "Cats in the United States __knowledge__ At least 67 species of saber-toothed cat existed in North America between 42 million and 11 thousand years ago before going extinct.", "Cats in the United States __knowledge__ Their disappearance can be attributed to both the changing climate at the end of the Ice Age and the appearance of humans in the Americas.", "Warriors (arc) __knowledge__ Warriors: The Prophecies Begin is the first story arc in the \"Warriors\" juvenile fantasy novel series about anthropomorphic feral cats.", "Warriors (arc) __knowledge__ The arc comprises six novels which were published from 2003 to 2004: \"Into the Wild\", \"Fire and Ice\", \"Forest of Secrets\", \"Rising Storm\", \"A Dangerous Path\", and \"The Darkest Hour\".", "Warriors (arc) __knowledge__ The novels are published by HarperCollins under the pseudonym Erin Hunter, which refers to authors Kate Cary and Cherith Baldry and plot developer/editor Victoria Holmes.", "Warriors (arc) __knowledge__ The sub-series details the adventures of the housecat Rusty, who joins ThunderClan, one of four Clans of feral cats living in a forest which adjoins the human town in which he originally lives.", "Exotic felines as pets __knowledge__ A pet exotic feline, also called pet wild cat or pet non-domestic cat, is a member of the Felidae family (excluding the house cat and hybrids thereof) kept as an exotic pet.", "Exotic felines as pets __knowledge__ Hybrids of the domestic cat with non-domestic species (e. g. the Bengal cat or the Savannah cat) are not normally considered wild cats.", "Exotic felines as pets __knowledge__ While this distinction is often overlooked in the media and in the public eye, such cat breeds (especially the F5 and subsequent generations) are much closer to the domestic cat in terms of housing and husbandry requirements, behavior, and legality.", "Exotic felines as pets __knowledge__ Unlike many other exotic pet species, wild cats usually cannot be kept indoors and require a large outdoor enclosure.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Trap-neuter-return (TNR) is a type of program through which free-roaming cats are trapped, sterilized (males are castrated and females undergo ovo-hysterectomies), and returned to the outdoor locations where they were found.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ If those locations are deemed unsafe or otherwise inappropriate, the cats may be relocated (barn/farmyard homes are often considered ideal).", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Kittens young enough to be socialized and friendly adult cats may be placed in foster care for eventual adoption into homes as companion animals rather than returned to the outdoors.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Cats found suffering with terminal, untreatable, and/or contagious illnesses or injuries are often euthanized." ] ]

[ 24, 44, 14, 13, 54 ]

[ "I would recommend cats. They are pretty easy to take care of and over 70 different breed!", "The Siamesse breed is really cool. This distinctly Asian breed has short hair and beautiful blue eyes. ", "Well there are a lot more of them than cats! 337 actually! Gold Retriever, German Shepard, Rat Terrier and Poodle are just a few that I know", "No I don't think so. Exotic cat's for example are called pet wild cats and can be pretty dangerous because the aren't domesticated like normal house cats", "Yes, they also take up alot of space because they cannot be kept indoors. They need a large outdoor enclousure. " ]

[ "Pet", "Pet", "Pet", "Pet", "Pet" ]

[ "Cinematography", "Cinematography is amazing! Some movies really are beautiful.", "The ancient Greek version of a movie was a play right?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography (also called \"Direction of Photography\") is the science or art of motion-picture photography by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to repeatedly focus the light reflected from objects into real images on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a questioned exposure, creating multiple images.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a video file for subsequent display or processing.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is a series of invisible latent images on the film stock, which are later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The images on the film stock are played back at a rapid speed and projected onto a screen, creating the illusion of motion.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography finds uses in many fields of science and business as well as for entertainment purposes and mass communication.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The word \"cinematography\" was created from the Greek words (\"kinema\"), meaning \"movement, motion\" and (\"graphein\") meaning \"to record\", together meaning \"recording motion.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography (also called \"Direction of Photography\") is the science or art of motion-picture photography by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to repeatedly focus the light reflected from objects into real images on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a questioned exposure, creating multiple images.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a video file for subsequent display or processing.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is a series of invisible latent images on the film stock, which are later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The images on the film stock are played back at a rapid speed and projected onto a screen, creating the illusion of motion.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography finds uses in many fields of science and business as well as for entertainment purposes and mass communication.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The word \"cinematography\" was created from the Greek words (\"kinema\"), meaning \"movement, motion\" and (\"graphein\") meaning \"to record\", together meaning \"recording motion.\"", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ Citizen Kane is a 1941 American mystery drama film by Orson Welles, its producer, co-screenwriter, director and star.", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ The picture was Welles's first feature film.", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ Nominated for Academy Awards in nine categories, it won an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) by Herman J. Mankiewicz and Welles.", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ Considered by many critics, filmmakers, and fans to be the greatest film of all time, \"Citizen Kane\" was voted as such in five consecutive British Film Institute \"Sight & Sound\" polls of critics, until it was displaced by \"Vertigo\" in the 2012 poll.", "Citizen Kane __knowledge__ It topped the American Film Institute's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list in 1998, as well as its 2007 update.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The Amazing Spider-Man is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man, and sharing the title of the character's longest-running comic book.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth theatrical \"Spider-Man\" film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment, and a reboot of Sam Raimi's \"Spider-Man\" 2002-2007 trilogy preceding it.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Marc Webb.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It was written by James Vanderbilt, Alvin Sargent and Steve Kloves and it stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, Emma Stone as Gwen Stacy, Rhys Ifans as Dr. Curtis Connors, Denis Leary as NYPD Captain George Stacy, along with Martin Sheen and Sally Field as the uncle and aunt of Peter Parker, Ben Parker and May Parker.", "Carmen Barajas Sandoval __knowledge__ Carmen Barajas Sandoval (Countess of Bragny.", "Carmen Barajas Sandoval __knowledge__ Countess of Barajas) (May 19, 1925 - November 5, 2014) was a Mexican aristocrat, film executive producer, bestselling author and internationally known socialite, famous for her Mexican and international films and later in her life, by her biographies of stars such as María Félix and Jorge Negrete.", "Carmen Barajas Sandoval __knowledge__ She was born Maria Del Carmen Barajas Y De Sandoval Paullada in Mexico City, Mexico.", "Carmen Barajas Sandoval __knowledge__ Her parents were Lorenzo Barajas and Edelmira Sandoval Paullada Escoffier.", "Carmen Barajas Sandoval __knowledge__ Her mother was a descendant of Charles Louis Escoffier, Count of Bragny, a member of the House of Bourbon-Montpensier.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "Christopher Nolan __knowledge__ Christopher Edward Nolan (; born 30 July 1970) is an English film director, screenwriter, and producer who holds both British and American citizenship.", "Christopher Nolan __knowledge__ He is one of the highest-grossing directors in history, and among the most acclaimed and influential filmmakers of the 21stcentury.", "Christopher Nolan __knowledge__ Having made his directorial debut with \"Following\" (1998), Nolan gained considerable attention for his second feature, \"Memento\" (2000), for which he was nominated for numerous accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.", "Christopher Nolan __knowledge__ The acclaim garnered by his independent films gave Nolan the opportunity to make the big-budget thriller \"Insomnia\" (2002) and the mystery drama \"The Prestige\" (2006).", "Patch verb __knowledge__ The PATCH method is a request method supported by the HTTP protocol for making partial changes to an existing resource.", "Patch verb __knowledge__ The PATCH method provides an entity containing a list of changes to be applied to the resource requested using the HTTP URI.", "Patch verb __knowledge__ The list of changes are supplied in the form of a PATCH document.", "Patch verb __knowledge__ If the requested resource does not exist then the server may create the resource depending on the PATCH document media type and permissions.", "Patch verb __knowledge__ The changes described in the PATCH document must be semantically well defined but can have a different media type than the resource being patched.", "Patch verb __knowledge__ Frameworks such as XML, JSON can be used in describing the changes in the PATCH document.", "Attacks from the Future: Rinoplasticos __knowledge__ Attacks from the Future (original title in Spanish: Ataques Del Futuro) is an independent film series of fantasy–science fiction–adventure made by Calderón Productions, with some valuable help from \"Subsuelo Audio\" and \"Sobrelcielo Video\".", "Attacks from the Future: Rinoplasticos __knowledge__ Most films have been made in Mexico, however, part of the series has been produced in Sweden and Finland.", "Attacks from the Future: Rinoplasticos __knowledge__ The films started with their first release on the big screen in 2005 with \"Attacks from the Future Episode I\".", "Attacks from the Future: Rinoplasticos __knowledge__ After the success of the first film, Calderon Productions decided to continue making these films, thus the Saga was born.", "Attacks from the Future: Rinoplasticos __knowledge__ It includes two series.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ Trillium Digital Systems developed and licensed standards-based communications source code software to telecommunications equipment manufacturers for the wireless, broadband, Internet and telephone network infrastructure.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ Trillium was an early company to license source code.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ The Trillium Digital Systems business entity no longer exists, but the Trillium communications software is still developed and licensed by RadiSys.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ Trillium software is used in the network infrastructure as well as associated service platforms, clients and devices.", "Trillium Digital Systems __knowledge__ Trillium was founded in February 1988 in Los Angeles, California.", "Dendrobium findleyanum __knowledge__ The Findlay's Dendrobium (Dendrobium findleyanum) is a species of orchid.", "Dendrobium findleyanum __knowledge__ It is native to Indochina (Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar) and to the Yunnan region of China.", "Dendrobium findleyanum __knowledge__ The epithet is sometimes spelled \"findleyanum\", sometimes \"findleyanum\".", "Dendrobium findleyanum __knowledge__ The species was named for James Findlay.", "Philip H. Lathrop __knowledge__ Philip H. Lathrop, A.S.C.", "Philip H. Lathrop __knowledge__ (October 22, 1912 – April 12, 1995) was an American cinematographer noted for his skills with wide screen technology and detailed approach to lighting and camera placement.", "Philip H. Lathrop __knowledge__ He spent most of his life in movie studios.", "Philip H. Lathrop __knowledge__ Lathrop was known for such films as \"Touch of Evil\" (1958), \"Lonely Are the Brave\" (1962), \"The Americanization of Emily\" (1964), \"The Cincinnati Kid\" (1965), \"Point Blank\" (1967), \"Finian's Rainbow\" (1968), \"The Traveling Executioner\" (1970), \"Portnoy's Complaint\" (1972), \"Earthquake\" (1974), \"Swashbuckler (1976)\", \"The Driver\" (1978), \"Moment by Moment\" (1978), \"A Change of Seasons\" (1980), \"Foolin' Around\" (1980), \"Loving Couples\" (1980), and \"Deadly Friend\" (1986).", "Phobia (2016 film) __knowledge__ Phobia is a 2016 Indian psychological thriller film, directed by Pavan Kirpalani and produced by Viki Rajani.", "Phobia (2016 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Radhika Apte in the leading role as Mehak, an artist suffering from severe agoraphobia.", "Phobia (2016 film) __knowledge__ Produced jointly by Eros International and Next Gen Films, it released on 27 May 2016.", "Phobia (2016 film) __knowledge__ Development began in 2015, when Rajani signed Radhika Apte for a film to be made under his banner.", "Phobia (2016 film) __knowledge__ Rajani worked on the script, with principal photography taking place in Mumbai.", "Phobia (2016 film) __knowledge__ The film features music by Daniel B George.", "Phobia (2016 film) __knowledge__ The film features only one song.", "Phobia (2016 film) __knowledge__ The lyrics for song 'Roke na ruke' were written by Jay Shankar Prasad and sung by Sakina Khan and Sidharth Basrur." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography (also called \"Direction of Photography\") is the science or art of motion-picture photography by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to repeatedly focus the light reflected from objects into real images on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a questioned exposure, creating multiple images.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a video file for subsequent display or processing.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is a series of invisible latent images on the film stock, which are later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The images on the film stock are played back at a rapid speed and projected onto a screen, creating the illusion of motion.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ Cinematography finds uses in many fields of science and business as well as for entertainment purposes and mass communication.", "Cinematography __knowledge__ The word \"cinematography\" was created from the Greek words (\"kinema\"), meaning \"movement, motion\" and (\"graphein\") meaning \"to record\", together meaning \"recording motion.\"", "Greek language question __knowledge__ The Greek language question (, \"to glossikó zítima\") was a dispute about whether the language of the Greek people (Demotic Greek) or a cultivated imitation of Ancient Greek (\"katharevousa\") should be the official language of the Greek nation.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ It was a highly controversial topic in the 19th and 20th centuries and was finally resolved in 1976, when Demotic was made the official language.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ The language phenomenon in question, which also occurs elsewhere in the world, is called diglossia.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ While Demotic was the vernacular of the Greeks, \"Katharevousa\" was an archaic and formal variant that was pronounced like Modern Greek, but it adopted both lexical and morphological features of Ancient Greek that the spoken language had lost over time.", "Ancient Greek phonology __knowledge__ Ancient Greek phonology is the description of the reconstructed phonology or pronunciation of Ancient Greek.", "Ancient Greek phonology __knowledge__ This article mostly deals with the pronunciation of the standard Attic dialect of the fifth century BC, used by Plato and other Classical Greek writers, and touches on other dialects spoken at the same time or earlier.", "Ancient Greek phonology __knowledge__ The pronunciation of Ancient Greek is not known from direct observation, but determined from other types of evidence.", "Ancient Greek phonology __knowledge__ Some details regarding the pronunciation of Attic Greek and other Ancient Greek dialects are unknown, but it is generally agreed that Attic Greek had certain features not present in English or Modern Greek, such as a three-way distinction between voiced, voiceless, and aspirated stops (such as ); a distinction between single and double consonants and short and long vowels in most positions in a word; and a word accent that involved pitch.", "Sakis Rouvas __knowledge__ Anastasios \"Sakis\" Rouvas (Greek: Αναστάσιος \"Σάκης\" Ρουβάς, ; born 5 January 1972), known mononymously as Sakis, is a Greek recording, film and television artist; model; businessman and former pole vaulter.", "Sakis Rouvas __knowledge__ Born in Corfu, he won medals on the national athletics team during the 1980s.", "Sakis Rouvas __knowledge__ Rouvas began a musical career in 1991 as one of Greece's first dance-pop performers.", "Sakis Rouvas __knowledge__ His tenor vocals, complex choreography, costumes, and technological advancements have been credited with transforming music videos and live performances.", "Sakis Rouvas __knowledge__ Rouvas is noted for avoiding domestic music, attaining success for a non-laïko or -éntekhno artist, and for breaking cultural, social, artistic, and generational barriers in Greece and Cyprus.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece (), officially the Hellenic Republic (), historically also known as Hellas, is a country in Southern Europe, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 0 million as of .", "Greece __knowledge__ Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.", "Greece __knowledge__ Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast.", "Greece __knowledge__ The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.", "Gospel riots __knowledge__ The Gospel riots (, \"Evangelika\") took place on the streets of Athens in November 1901.", "Gospel riots __knowledge__ They were primarily a protest against the publication in the newspaper \"Akropolis\" of a translation into modern spoken Greek of the gospel of St Matthew, although other motives also played a part.", "Gospel riots __knowledge__ The disorder reached a climax on 8 November, 'Black Thursday', when eight demonstrators were killed.", "Gospel riots __knowledge__ In the aftermath of the violence the Greek Orthodox Church reacted by banning any translation of the Bible into any form of modern demotic Greek, and by forbidding the employment of demoticist teachers, not just in Greece but anywhere in the Ottoman Empire.", "Ivi Adamou __knowledge__ Ivi Adamou (, ; born 24 November 1993) is a Greek Cypriot singer.", "Ivi Adamou __knowledge__ She was born and raised in Paralimni, Cyprus and currently resides in Alexandroupoli, Greece.", "Ivi Adamou __knowledge__ Adamou rose to recognition in Greece and Cyprus following her participation in the second season of the Greek version of \"The X Factor\", where she was under the mentorship of Giorgos Theofanous.", "Ivi Adamou __knowledge__ Right after her elimination from the X Factor, Adamou secured a recording contract with Sony Music Greece.", "Ivi Adamou __knowledge__ She gained further recognition from her participation in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, where she represented Cyprus with the song \"La La Love\".", "Ancient Greek literature __knowledge__ Ancient Greek literature refers to literature written in the Ancient Greek language from the earliest texts until roughly the rise of the Byzantine Empire.", "Ancient Greek literature __knowledge__ The earliest surviving works of ancient Greek literature are the two epic poems \"The Iliad\" and \"The Odyssey\".", "Ancient Greek literature __knowledge__ These two epics, along with the Homeric Hymns and the two poems of Hesiod, \"Theogony\" and \"Works and Days\", comprised the major foundational works of the Greek literary tradition.", "Ancient Greek literature __knowledge__ The lyric poets Sappho, Alcaeus, and Pindar were highly influential during the early development of the Greek poetic tradition.", "Ancient Greek literature __knowledge__ Aeschylus is the earliest Greek tragic playwright for whom any plays have survived complete.", "English words of Greek origin __knowledge__ The Greek language has contributed to the English vocabulary in five main ways: The post-classical coinages are by far the most numerous of these.", "English words of Greek origin __knowledge__ Since the living Greek and English languages were not in direct contact until modern times, borrowings were necessarily indirect, coming either through Latin (through texts or various vernaculars), or from Ancient Greek texts, not the living language.", "English words of Greek origin __knowledge__ Some Greek words were borrowed into Latin and its descendants, the Romance languages.", "English words of Greek origin __knowledge__ English often received these words from French.", "English words of Greek origin __knowledge__ Their phonetic and orthographic form has sometimes changed considerably.", "Greek language __knowledge__ Greek (Modern Greek: , \"elliniká\", \"Greek\", , \"ellinikí glóssa\", \"Greek language\") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean.", "Greek language __knowledge__ It has the longest documented history of any living Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records.", "Greek language __knowledge__ Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history; other systems, such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary, were used previously.", "Greek language __knowledge__ The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Armenian, Coptic, Gothic and many other writing systems.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ The Bible-Presbyterian Church (\"BPC\") was a conservative reformed denomination in Singapore.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ It existed from 1955 to 1988.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ Since that time, Bible-Presbyterian (\"B-P\") churches have continued to exist separately.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ The movement grew out of the Bible Presbyterian Church in the United States.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ , there were 20,000 members in 32 B-P churches.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ Roland Chia suggests that the BPC was noted for a belief in literal six-day creation and a preference for the King James Version (\"KJV\").", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ The BPC was founded in 1955 by Timothy Tow.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ Tow had been influenced first by John Sung, and later by Carl McIntire.", "Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore) __knowledge__ He was strongly opposed to liberal theology and ecumenism, and the Chinese Presbyterian Synod was connected to the World Council of Churches.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Christian theology is the theology of Christian belief and practice.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Such study concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis and argument.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Theologians may undertake Christian theology in order: or for a variety of other reasons.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Systematic theology as a discipline of Christian theology formulates an orderly, rational and coherent account of Christian faith and beliefs.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Systematic theology draws on the foundational sacred texts of Christianity, while simultaneously investigating the development of Christian doctrine over the course of history, particularly through philosophical evolution.", "Latin __knowledge__ Latin (Latin: , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.", "Latin __knowledge__ The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets, and ultimately from the Phoenician alphabet.", "Latin __knowledge__ Latin was originally spoken in Latium, in the Italian Peninsula.", "Latin __knowledge__ Through the power of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language, initially in Italy and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire.", "Latin __knowledge__ Vulgar Latin developed into the Romance languages, such as Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Romanian.", "Latin __knowledge__ Latin and French have contributed many words to the English language." ] ]

[ 1, 7, 0 ]

[ "I absolutely love cinematography! The \"direction of photography\"", "I think it's cool the word cinematography actually came from greek words", "Yes, I suppose that would be how movies originally got their start" ]

[ "Cinematography", "Cinematography", "Cinematography" ]

[ "Animal shelter\nHave you ever adopted an animal from an animal shelter?", "Oh no! That's terrible! I've adopted four cats over the years from shelters. Does Europe have many non-kill animal shelters?", "That's crazy! I think the numbers are a little different in the United States. I know that some of our shelters do euthanize, but we have several that don't. ", "They do great work. I would like to volunteer at my local shelter. We have several nearby, one is called Big Dog Ranch. They rely heavily on volunteers and donations to keep their operation running, but they don't euthanize the dogs, so it's a great organization." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals, mostly dogs and cats, and sometimes sick or wounded wildlife are kept and rehabilitated.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ While no-kill shelters exist, it is sometimes policy to euthanize sick animals, and any animal that is not claimed quickly enough by a previous or new owner.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In Europe, of 30 countries included in a survey, all but four (Czech republic, Germany, Greece, and Italy) permitted the killing of healthy stray dogs.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Critics believe the new term \"animal shelter\" is generally a euphemism for the older term \"pound\".", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The word \"pound\" had its origins in the animal pounds of agricultural communities, where stray livestock would be penned or impounded until claimed by their owners.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Some shelters even have sick tropical animals.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In the United States there is no government-run organization that provides oversight or regulation of the various shelters on a national basis.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ However, many individual states do regulate shelters within their jurisdiction.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ One of the earliest comprehensive measures was the \"Georgia Animal Protection Act\" of 1986.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The law was enacted in response to the inhumane treatment of companion animals by a pet store chain in Atlanta.", "North Carolina Animal Protection Act __knowledge__ The North Carolina Animal Protection Act aims to protect pets and their owners in North Carolina.", "North Carolina Animal Protection Act __knowledge__ This legislation models the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 and can be found in the North Carolina General Statutes under Chapter 19A: Protection Of Animals, Article 3, consisting of six articles.", "North Carolina Animal Protection Act __knowledge__ It aims (i) to protect the owners of dogs and cats from the theft of such pets; (ii) to prevent the sale or use of stolen pets; (iii) to insure that animals, as items of commerce, are provided humane care and treatment by regulating the transportation, sale, purchase, housing, care, handling and treatment of such animals by persons or organizations engaged in transporting, buying, or selling them for such use; (iv) to insure that animals confined in pet shops, kennels, animal shelters and auction markets are provided humane care and treatment; (v) to prohibit the sale, trade or adoption of those animals which show physical signs of infection, communicable disease, or congenital abnormalities, unless veterinary care is assured subsequent to sale, trade or adoption.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A \"no-kill\" shelter is an animal shelter that does not kill healthy or treatable animals even when the shelter is full, reserving euthanasia for terminally ill animals or those considered dangerous to public safety.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill shelter uses many strategies to promote shelter animals; to expanding its resources using volunteers, housing and medical protocols; and to work actively to lower the number of homeless animals entering the shelter system.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill or limited admit shelter is a shelter that saves healthy, treatable and rehabilitatable animals.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ As a benchmark, at least 90% of the animals entering the shelter are expected to be saved.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "MSPCA-Angell __knowledge__ The Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals-Angell Animal Medical Center (MSPCA-Angell) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization with its main headquarters on South Huntington Avenue in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "MSPCA-Angell __knowledge__ It was founded in 1868, and is the second-oldest humane society in the United States.", "MSPCA-Angell __knowledge__ \"MSPCA-Angell\" was adopted as the society's identity in 2003, and indicates the names of its two closely related predecessor organizations: Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and Angell Animal Medical Center (formerly known as Angell Memorial Animal Hospital).", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ Pinky the Cat is a video that aired on several American reality television programs in the 1990s before it achieved additional fame on the Internet as a viral video in the 2000s.", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ The video clip shows a cat attacking an animal control officer during a promotional message for pet adoption for an animal shelter in Placer County, California.", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ The video footage was taped by Placer County Animal Control sometime in the early 1990s.", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ The recording was intended as a promotional video for the county's \"Pet of the Week\" pet adoption program.", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ Sometime before 1992, then police chief Willie Weatherford distributed copies of the tape—which he named \"Pinky the Cat\"—to the media and his friends.", "Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty __knowledge__ The Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty (Nova Scotia SPCA) is a not-for-profit charitable society organized under the \"Animal Protection Act\" of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.", "Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty __knowledge__ The Society is dedicated to the prevention of cruelty to animals and to the promotion of respect and humane care for animals.", "Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty __knowledge__ Its members are committed to providing humane leadership in animal advocacy, protection, education, and veterinary care.", "Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty __knowledge__ The Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is involved solely with the prevention of cruelty to animals and the promotion of humane education.", "Pardis Animal Shelter __knowledge__ Pardis Animal Shelter () is a no-kill animal shelter, a spay/neuter clinic, and a public animal hospital located near Tabriz, Iran.", "Pardis Animal Shelter __knowledge__ It is affiliated with \"Tabriz Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\" which is a volunteer nonprofit organization based in Tabriz, devoted to pet adoption and animal rescue.", "Pardis Animal Shelter __knowledge__ Pardis Shelter was founded by Jila Pourirani in 2012, after a massive cull that nearly 400 dogs were shot dead in Tabriz.", "Pardis Animal Shelter __knowledge__ Pardis Shelter has a clinic, 11 shelters, three niches and shaded areas.", "Pardis Animal Shelter __knowledge__ 1300 animals of different kinds including dogs, cats, foxes, horses and birds such as eagle, owl and vultures are being treated and sheltered in this center." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals, mostly dogs and cats, and sometimes sick or wounded wildlife are kept and rehabilitated.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ While no-kill shelters exist, it is sometimes policy to euthanize sick animals, and any animal that is not claimed quickly enough by a previous or new owner.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In Europe, of 30 countries included in a survey, all but four (Czech republic, Germany, Greece, and Italy) permitted the killing of healthy stray dogs.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Critics believe the new term \"animal shelter\" is generally a euphemism for the older term \"pound\".", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The word \"pound\" had its origins in the animal pounds of agricultural communities, where stray livestock would be penned or impounded until claimed by their owners.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Some shelters even have sick tropical animals.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In the United States there is no government-run organization that provides oversight or regulation of the various shelters on a national basis.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ However, many individual states do regulate shelters within their jurisdiction.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ One of the earliest comprehensive measures was the \"Georgia Animal Protection Act\" of 1986.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The law was enacted in response to the inhumane treatment of companion animals by a pet store chain in Atlanta.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A \"no-kill\" shelter is an animal shelter that does not kill healthy or treatable animals even when the shelter is full, reserving euthanasia for terminally ill animals or those considered dangerous to public safety.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill shelter uses many strategies to promote shelter animals; to expanding its resources using volunteers, housing and medical protocols; and to work actively to lower the number of homeless animals entering the shelter system.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill or limited admit shelter is a shelter that saves healthy, treatable and rehabilitatable animals.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ As a benchmark, at least 90% of the animals entering the shelter are expected to be saved.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Trap-neuter-return (TNR) is a type of program through which free-roaming cats are trapped, sterilized (males are castrated and females undergo ovo-hysterectomies), and returned to the outdoor locations where they were found.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ If those locations are deemed unsafe or otherwise inappropriate, the cats may be relocated (barn/farmyard homes are often considered ideal).", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Kittens young enough to be socialized and friendly adult cats may be placed in foster care for eventual adoption into homes as companion animals rather than returned to the outdoors.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Cats found suffering with terminal, untreatable, and/or contagious illnesses or injuries are often euthanized.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Overpopulation in domestic pets refers to a surplus of domestic animals, such as cats, dogs, and exotic animals.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ In the United States, a 6 to 8 million animals are brought to shelters each year, of which an estimated 3 to 4 million are subsequently euthanized, including 2.7 million considered healthy and adoptable.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Euthanasia numbers have declined from the 1970s, when U.S. shelters euthanized an estimated 12 to 20 million animals.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Most humane societies, animal shelters and rescue groups urge animal caregivers to have their animals spayed or neutered to prevent the births of unwanted and accidental litters that could contribute to this dynamic.", "No Kill Advocacy Center __knowledge__ Based in Oakland, California, the No Kill Advocacy Center is a non-profit organization led by Nathan Winograd, dedicated to expanding no kill animal sheltering across the United States.", "No Kill Advocacy Center __knowledge__ The No Kill Advocacy Center was founded in 2004 by Nathan Winograd, after he had \"created the nation's first—and at the time, only—No Kill community\" in Tompkins County, New York.", "No Kill Advocacy Center __knowledge__ Rather than accepting the typical approach of the humane movement \"that the best shelters can do for homeless animals is to adopt out some and kill the rest\", Winograd believed that a shelter could save \"100 percent of healthy and treatable animals, and 100 percent of feral cats\".", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), based in Washington, D.C., is an American nonprofit organization founded by journalist Fred Myers and Helen Jones, Larry Andrews, and Marcia Glaser in 1954, to address what they saw as animal-related cruelties of national scope, and to resolve animal welfare problems by applying strategies beyond the resources or abilities of local organizations.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, the \"Chronicle of Philanthropy\" identified HSUS as the 136th largest charity in the United States in its Philanthropy 400 listing.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ As of 2001, the group's major campaigns targeted five issues: factory farming, animal fighting, the fur trade, puppy mills, and wildlife abuse.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "Street dogs in Bucharest __knowledge__ In Bucharest - the capital city of Romania - the problem of stray dogs (\"maidanezi\" in Romanian) has been acknowledged for decades.", "Street dogs in Bucharest __knowledge__ The number of stray dogs has been reduced drastically since 2014, following the death of a four-year-old child who was attacked by a dog.", "Street dogs in Bucharest __knowledge__ In 2015, the Bucharest City Hall stated that over 51,200 stray dogs were captured between October 2013 and January 2015, with more than half being euthanized, about 23,000 being adopted, and 2,000 still residing in the municipality's shelters.", "Street dogs in Bucharest __knowledge__ The issue has not only been a heated subject of debate in Bucharest, but also on a nationwide scale.", "Street dog __knowledge__ Street dogs, known in scientific literature as free-ranging urban dogs or urban free-ranging dogs, are unconfined dogs that live in cities.", "Street dog __knowledge__ They live virtually wherever cities exist and the local human population allows, especially in the developing world and the former USSR.", "Street dog __knowledge__ Street dogs may be stray dogs, pets which have strayed from or are allowed freedom by their owners, or may be feral animals that have never been owned.", "Street dog __knowledge__ Street dogs may be stray purebreds, true mixed-breed dogs, or unbred landraces such as the Indian pariah dog.", "Street dog __knowledge__ Street dog overpopulation can cause problems for the societies in which they live, so campaigns to spay and neuter them are sometimes implemented.", "Free-ranging dog issue of Kerala __knowledge__ Free-ranging dogs have become a public health issue in the state of Kerala in India.", "Free-ranging dog issue of Kerala __knowledge__ Two persons died from dog attacks in 2016, and many persons were injured.", "Free-ranging dog issue of Kerala __knowledge__ Efforts to control the population have created conflicts between Indian advocates of public safety and opponents of animal cruelty, and caused international backlash including calls for a boycott of tourism to Kerala.", "Free-ranging dog issue of Kerala __knowledge__ A large number of women and children have been attacked by stray dogs in the coastal belts of Kerala.", "Free-ranging dog issue of Kerala __knowledge__ According to a report submitted in the Supreme Court of India, more than hundred thousand people were attacked by stray dogs in the year of 2015-16.", "Free-ranging dog __knowledge__ A free-ranging dog is a dog that is not contained.", "Free-ranging dog __knowledge__ Free-ranging dogs include wild dogs, feral dogs, stray dogs, street dogs, and village dogs, as well as dogs allowed to come and go freely by their owners.", "Free-ranging dog __knowledge__ The term is used when distinctions of ownership are irrelevant.", "Free-ranging dog __knowledge__ It sometimes overlaps with the polysemic term \"pariah dog\".", "Free-ranging dog __knowledge__ It is estimated that free-ranging dogs make up 75–80% of the global dog population.", "Free-ranging dog __knowledge__ The World Health Organization reports that there are 200 million stray dogs worldwide.", "Free-ranging dog __knowledge__ Ecologists find it important at times to distinguish between urban free-ranging dogs and rural free-ranging dogs.", "International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan __knowledge__ A 47-nation global survey of public opinion conducted in June 2007 by the Pew Global Attitudes Project found considerable opposition to the NATO military operations in Afghanistan.", "International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan __knowledge__ In 2 out of the 47 countries was there a majority that favoured keeping troops in Afghanistan – Israel (59%) and Kenya (60%).", "International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan __knowledge__ On the other hand, in 41 of the 47 countries pluralities wanted NATO troops out of Afghanistan as soon as possible.", "International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan __knowledge__ In 32 out of 47 countries majorities wanted NATO troops out of Afghanistan as soon as possible.", "International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan __knowledge__ Majorities in 7 out of 12 NATO member countries wanted troops withdrawn as soon as possible." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals, mostly dogs and cats, and sometimes sick or wounded wildlife are kept and rehabilitated.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ While no-kill shelters exist, it is sometimes policy to euthanize sick animals, and any animal that is not claimed quickly enough by a previous or new owner.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In Europe, of 30 countries included in a survey, all but four (Czech republic, Germany, Greece, and Italy) permitted the killing of healthy stray dogs.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Critics believe the new term \"animal shelter\" is generally a euphemism for the older term \"pound\".", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The word \"pound\" had its origins in the animal pounds of agricultural communities, where stray livestock would be penned or impounded until claimed by their owners.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Some shelters even have sick tropical animals.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In the United States there is no government-run organization that provides oversight or regulation of the various shelters on a national basis.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ However, many individual states do regulate shelters within their jurisdiction.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ One of the earliest comprehensive measures was the \"Georgia Animal Protection Act\" of 1986.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The law was enacted in response to the inhumane treatment of companion animals by a pet store chain in Atlanta.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A \"no-kill\" shelter is an animal shelter that does not kill healthy or treatable animals even when the shelter is full, reserving euthanasia for terminally ill animals or those considered dangerous to public safety.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill shelter uses many strategies to promote shelter animals; to expanding its resources using volunteers, housing and medical protocols; and to work actively to lower the number of homeless animals entering the shelter system.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill or limited admit shelter is a shelter that saves healthy, treatable and rehabilitatable animals.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ As a benchmark, at least 90% of the animals entering the shelter are expected to be saved.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk (Oglala Lakota: \"Čhetáŋ Kiŋyáŋ\" in Standard Lakota Orthography; a/k/a Moses Flying Hawk; March 1854 – December 24, 1931) was an Oglala Lakota warrior, historian, educator and philosopher.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk's life chronicles the history of the Oglala Lakota people through the 19th and early 20th centuries, as he fought to deflect the worst effects of white rule; educate his people and preserve sacred Oglala Lakota land and heritage.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Chief Flying Hawk was a combatant in Red Cloud's War and in nearly all of the fights with the U.S. Army during the Great Sioux War of 1876.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ He fought alongside his first cousin Crazy Horse and his brothers Kicking Bear and Black Fox II in the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876, and was present at the death of Crazy Horse in 1877 and the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ Homeless shelters are a type of homeless service agency which provide temporary residence for homeless individuals and families.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ Shelters exist to provide clients with safety and protection from exposure to the weather while simultaneously reducing the environmental impact on the community.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ They are similar to, but distinguishable from, various types of emergency shelters, which are typically operated for specific circumstances and populations - fleeing natural disasters or abusive social circumstances.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ Extreme weather conditions create problems similar to disaster management scenarios, and are handled with warming centers, which typically operate for short durations during adverse weather.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ \"Crazy in Love\" is a song by American singer Beyoncé featuring American rapper Jay-Z, from Beyoncé's debut solo studio album \"Dangerously in Love\" (2003).", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Both artists wrote and composed the song in collaboration with Rich Harrison and Eugene Record; the former also produced it with Beyoncé.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Using samples from The Chi-Lites's 1970 song \"Are You My Woman (Tell Me So)\", \"Crazy in Love\" is a contemporary R&B and pop love song that incorporates elements of hip hop, soul, and 1970s-style funk music.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Its lyrics describe a romantic obsession that causes the protagonist to act out of character.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"Crazy in Love\" as the lead single from \"Dangerously in Love\" on May 18, 2003.", "The Blitz __knowledge__ The Blitz was a German bombing offensive against Britain in 1940 and 1941, during the Second World War.", "The Blitz __knowledge__ The term was first used by the British press and is the German word for 'lightning'.", "The Blitz __knowledge__ The Germans conducted mass air attacks against industrial targets, towns and cities, beginning with raids on London towards the end of the Battle of Britain in 1940, a battle for daylight air superiority between the \"Luftwaffe\" and the Royal Air Force over the United Kingdom.", "The Blitz __knowledge__ By September 1940, the \"Luftwaffe\" had failed and the German air fleets (\"Luftflotten\") were ordered to attack London, to draw RAF Fighter Command into a battle of annihilation.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Homelessness in the United States is a social crisis.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ The different states within the United States have varying homeless populations.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Although throughout the United States panhandling is discouraged, passive panhandling falls under First Amendment rights to free speech.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ In Alabama the prohibition of aggressive panhandling and regulation of passive panhandling is controlled by individual cities, with many panhandlers being charged with loitering offences.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Loitering for the purposes of begging and prostitution in Alabama is a criminal offense.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ An issue for Alabamans is the proportion of panhandlers defined as vagrants, who contrary to their implications, are not homeless but accept the generosity of the community under this false pretence.", "Western Plains Animal Refuge __knowledge__ Western Plains Animal Refuge is a non-profit, no-kill shelter and wildlife rehabilitation center located in Hays, Kansas.", "Western Plains Animal Refuge __knowledge__ It was incorporated in 2006 by Jessica Braun, DVM, and Curt Braun after changes in Kansas wildlife rehabilitation requirements resulted in tougher requirements for wildlife rehabilitators in the state to operate.", "Western Plains Animal Refuge __knowledge__ As a result, an estimated 75% of the available rehabilitators were forced to close their doors.", "Western Plains Animal Refuge __knowledge__ At the same time, euthanasia rates for domestic animals in regional shelters were not improving, so it was the vision of the Brauns to provide a safe haven for injured, abandoned and suffering animals.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "No Kill Advocacy Center __knowledge__ Based in Oakland, California, the No Kill Advocacy Center is a non-profit organization led by Nathan Winograd, dedicated to expanding no kill animal sheltering across the United States.", "No Kill Advocacy Center __knowledge__ The No Kill Advocacy Center was founded in 2004 by Nathan Winograd, after he had \"created the nation's first—and at the time, only—No Kill community\" in Tompkins County, New York.", "No Kill Advocacy Center __knowledge__ Rather than accepting the typical approach of the humane movement \"that the best shelters can do for homeless animals is to adopt out some and kill the rest\", Winograd believed that a shelter could save \"100 percent of healthy and treatable animals, and 100 percent of feral cats\".", "Siberian tiger __knowledge__ The Siberian tiger (\"Panthera tigris tigris\"), also called Amur tiger, is a tiger population inhabiting mainly the Sikhote Alin mountain region in southwest Primorye Province in the Russian Far East.", "Siberian tiger __knowledge__ The Siberian tiger once ranged throughout Korea, north-eastern China, Russian Far East, and eastern Mongolia.", "Siberian tiger __knowledge__ In 2005, there were 331–393 adult and subadult Siberian tigers in this region, with a breeding adult population of about 250 individuals.", "Siberian tiger __knowledge__ The population had been stable for more than a decade due to intensive conservation efforts, but partial surveys conducted after 2005 indicate that the Russian tiger population was declining.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the BBC fantasy drama television series \"Merlin\", including supporting characters.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ \"Note: All characters are listed in alphabetical order by their first name.\"", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ Aglain (portrayed by Colin Salmon) was a Druid man who lived in the Forest of Acestir.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ In the second-season episode, \"The Nightmare Begins\", he, with the assistance of Mordred, rescued Morgana from a group of serkets, and later healed the injury she sustained from one of the creatures.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ While she resided with him and his fellow Druids, Aglain encouraged Morgana not to fear herself and her emerging abilities, telling her that magic was not evil and not something Uther should hate." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals, mostly dogs and cats, and sometimes sick or wounded wildlife are kept and rehabilitated.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ While no-kill shelters exist, it is sometimes policy to euthanize sick animals, and any animal that is not claimed quickly enough by a previous or new owner.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In Europe, of 30 countries included in a survey, all but four (Czech republic, Germany, Greece, and Italy) permitted the killing of healthy stray dogs.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Critics believe the new term \"animal shelter\" is generally a euphemism for the older term \"pound\".", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The word \"pound\" had its origins in the animal pounds of agricultural communities, where stray livestock would be penned or impounded until claimed by their owners.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Some shelters even have sick tropical animals.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In the United States there is no government-run organization that provides oversight or regulation of the various shelters on a national basis.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ However, many individual states do regulate shelters within their jurisdiction.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ One of the earliest comprehensive measures was the \"Georgia Animal Protection Act\" of 1986.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The law was enacted in response to the inhumane treatment of companion animals by a pet store chain in Atlanta.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A \"no-kill\" shelter is an animal shelter that does not kill healthy or treatable animals even when the shelter is full, reserving euthanasia for terminally ill animals or those considered dangerous to public safety.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill shelter uses many strategies to promote shelter animals; to expanding its resources using volunteers, housing and medical protocols; and to work actively to lower the number of homeless animals entering the shelter system.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill or limited admit shelter is a shelter that saves healthy, treatable and rehabilitatable animals.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ As a benchmark, at least 90% of the animals entering the shelter are expected to be saved.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ Lucky Ducky is a 1948 American animated cartoon from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ It was directed by Tex Avery, animated by Walt Clinton (here credited as Walter Clinton), Preston Blair, Louie Schmitt, and Grant Simmons, and musical direction by Scott Bradley.", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ This short was originally in development as a \"George and Junior\" entry, but was ultimately produced with two random dog characters.", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ This is the last MGM cartoon in black and white, and this is the only gag in black and white.", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ The foreword of the cartoon tells: \"Dedicated\" \"to those duck hunters\" \"who leave at dawn\" \"with loaded gun...\" \"and come home late loaded...\" Many ducks are swimming and flying around a pond.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ This article is designed to give background into the organization and tactics of Civil War armies.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ This brief survey is by no means exhaustive, but it should give enough material to have a better understanding of the capabilities of the forces that fought the American Civil War.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ Understanding these capabilities should give insight into the reasoning behind the decisions made by commanders on both sides.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ The Regular Army of the United States on the eve of the Civil War was essentially a frontier constabulary whose 16,000 officers and men were organized into 198 companies scattered across the nation at 79 different posts.", "Big Sur __knowledge__ Big Sur is a lightly populated, unincorporated region on California's Central Coast that is frequently praised for its rugged coastline and mountain views, where the Santa Lucia Mountains rise abruptly from the Pacific Ocean.", "Big Sur __knowledge__ The coast is the \"longest and most scenic stretch of undeveloped coastline in the [contiguous] United States,\" it has been described as a \"national treasure that demands extraordinary procedures to protect it from development\" and \"one of the most beautiful coastlines anywhere in the world, an isolated stretch of road, mythic in reputation.\"", "Big Sur __knowledge__ Big Sur's Cone Peak at 5,155 feet (1,571 m) is only 3 miles (5 km) from the ocean and the tallest coastal mountain in the contiguous United States.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), based in Washington, D.C., is an American nonprofit organization founded by journalist Fred Myers and Helen Jones, Larry Andrews, and Marcia Glaser in 1954, to address what they saw as animal-related cruelties of national scope, and to resolve animal welfare problems by applying strategies beyond the resources or abilities of local organizations.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, the \"Chronicle of Philanthropy\" identified HSUS as the 136th largest charity in the United States in its Philanthropy 400 listing.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ As of 2001, the group's major campaigns targeted five issues: factory farming, animal fighting, the fur trade, puppy mills, and wildlife abuse.", "Homelessness __knowledge__ Homelessness is the condition of people without a permanent dwelling, such as a house or apartment.", "Homelessness __knowledge__ People who are homeless are most often unable to acquire and maintain regular, safe, secure and adequate housing.", "Homelessness __knowledge__ The legal definition of \"homeless\" varies from country to country, or among different jurisdictions in the same country or region.", "Homelessness __knowledge__ The term \"homeless\" may also include people whose primary night-time residence is in a homeless shelter, a domestic violence shelter, long-term residence in a motel, a vehicle, squatting, cardboard boxes, a tent city, tarpaulins, shanty town structures made of discarded building materials or other \"ad hoc\" housing situations.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ Homeless shelters are a type of homeless service agency which provide temporary residence for homeless individuals and families.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ Shelters exist to provide clients with safety and protection from exposure to the weather while simultaneously reducing the environmental impact on the community.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ They are similar to, but distinguishable from, various types of emergency shelters, which are typically operated for specific circumstances and populations - fleeing natural disasters or abusive social circumstances.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ Extreme weather conditions create problems similar to disaster management scenarios, and are handled with warming centers, which typically operate for short durations during adverse weather.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Overpopulation in domestic pets refers to a surplus of domestic animals, such as cats, dogs, and exotic animals.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ In the United States, a 6 to 8 million animals are brought to shelters each year, of which an estimated 3 to 4 million are subsequently euthanized, including 2.7 million considered healthy and adoptable.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Euthanasia numbers have declined from the 1970s, when U.S. shelters euthanized an estimated 12 to 20 million animals.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Most humane societies, animal shelters and rescue groups urge animal caregivers to have their animals spayed or neutered to prevent the births of unwanted and accidental litters that could contribute to this dynamic.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Homelessness in the United States is a social crisis.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ The different states within the United States have varying homeless populations.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Although throughout the United States panhandling is discouraged, passive panhandling falls under First Amendment rights to free speech.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ In Alabama the prohibition of aggressive panhandling and regulation of passive panhandling is controlled by individual cities, with many panhandlers being charged with loitering offences.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Loitering for the purposes of begging and prostitution in Alabama is a criminal offense.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ An issue for Alabamans is the proportion of panhandlers defined as vagrants, who contrary to their implications, are not homeless but accept the generosity of the community under this false pretence.", "Animal Care Centers of NYC __knowledge__ Animal Care Centers of NYC (ACC), formerly known as Animal Care & Control of NYC, is a not-for-profit corporation that was formed for the purpose of providing animal care and control services in New York City.", "Animal Care Centers of NYC __knowledge__ ACC was created in 1994 to assume the responsibilities of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), after the ASPCA decided not to renew its contract to run New York City’s animal shelter system.", "Animal Care Centers of NYC __knowledge__ ACC entered into its own contract with the New York City Department of Health (DOH), and on January 1, 1995, followed the ASPCA as New York City’s provider of animal care and control services." ] ]

[ 3, 14, 12, 6 ]

[ "No I have not, but if I were ever going to get a dog, I would get one from a shelter. In Europe, all but 4 out of 30 countries surveyed, permit the killing of healthy stray dogs.", "There are a few, but even at a no-kill shelter, it is only 90% that are really expected to be saved.", "No-kill shelters use many different strategies to promote shelter animals. They use volunteers, housing and medical protocols, and actively work to lower the number of homeless animals entering the shelter system.", "Some shelters even house tropical animals." ]

[ "Animal shelter", "Animal shelter", "Animal shelter", "Animal shelter" ]

[ "Bowie knife\nHave you seen how big a bowie knife is? It's like a knife and a machete had a baby!", "I'd guess it's used to kill big animals or cut through vines. What's your guess on what it's used for?", "Oh, so it was named after him? Is there any specific features a bowie knife has?", "Sounds...deadly. What else do you know about this big knife?", "Oh ok, I get it now. What are bowie knifes usually made out of?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ A Bowie knife ( , ) is a pattern of fixed-blade fighting knife created by James Black in the early 19th century for Jim Bowie, who had become famous for his use of a large knife at a duel known as the Sandbar Fight.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ Since the first incarnation, the Bowie knife has come to incorporate several recognizable and characteristic design features, although in common usage the term refers to any large sheath knife with a crossguard and a clip point.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The knife pattern is still popular with collectors; in addition to various knife manufacturing companies there are hundreds of custom knife makers producing Bowies and variations.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The early history of the Bowie knife is complicated by murky definitions, limited supporting documentation and conflicting claims.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The historical Bowie knife was not a single design, but was a series of knives improved several times by Jim Bowie over the years.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The earliest such knife, made by Jesse Clift at Bowie's brother's request resembled Spanish hunting knives of the day, and differed little from a common butcher knife.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The blade, as later described by Rezin Bowie, was long, thick and wide.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ It was straight-backed, described by witnesses as \"a large butcher knife\", and having no clip-point nor any handguard, with a simple riveted wood scale handle.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ James \"Jim\" Bowie (pronounced ) ( – March 6, 1836) was a 19th-century American pioneer, who played a prominent role in the Texas Revolution, culminating in his death at the Battle of the Alamo.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ Stories of him as a fighter and frontiersman, both real and fictitious, have made him a legendary figure in Texas history and a folk hero of American culture.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ Born in Kentucky, Bowie spent most of his life in Louisiana, where he was raised and where he later worked as a land speculator.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ His rise to fame began in 1827 on reports of the Sandbar Fight.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ What began as a duel between two other men deteriorated into a melée in which Bowie, having been shot and stabbed, killed the sheriff of Rapides Parish with a large knife.", "39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States) __knowledge__ The 39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, formerly called the 39th Infantry Brigade (Separate) – nicknamed the Arkansas Brigade or the Bowie Team – is a infantry brigade combat team of the United States Army made up of soldiers from the Arkansas Army National Guard.", "39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States) __knowledge__ The 39th IBCT was one of fifteen National Guard brigades designated as an enhanced separate brigade.", "39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States) __knowledge__ Brigades with this designation received higher levels of training, more advanced equipment, and higher troop levels than normal National Guard brigades.", "39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States) __knowledge__ It also made these brigades a self-contained combat unit capable of intelligence, reconnaissance, maneuver, fire support, combat service support, and command and control without having to require attachments or detachments during deployments.", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ A fighting knife is a knife with a blade designed to inflict a lethal injury in a physical confrontation between two or more individuals at very short range (grappling distance).", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ The combat knife and the trench knife are examples of military fighting knives.", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ Fighting knives were traditionally designed as special-purpose weapons, intended primarily if not solely for use in personal or hand-to-hand combat.", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ This singularity of purpose originally distinguished the fighting knife from the field knife, fighting utility knife, or in modern usage, the tactical knife.", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ The tactical knife is a knife with one or more military features designed for use in extreme situations, which may or may not include a design capability as a fighting or combat weapon.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ Knife legislation is defined as the body of statutory law or case law promulgated or enacted by a government or other governing jurisdiction that prohibits, criminalizes, or restricts the otherwise legal manufacture, importation, sale, transfer, possession, transport, or use of knives.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ The carrying of knives in public is forbidden or restricted by law in many countries.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ Exceptions may be made for hunting knives, pocket knives, and knives used for work-related purposes (chef's knives, etc.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ ), depending upon the laws of a given jurisdiction.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ In turn, the carrying or possessing of certain type of knives perceived as deadly or offensive weapons such as automatic or switchblade knives or butterfly knives may be restricted or prohibited.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ Rezin Pleasant Bowie (September 8, 1793 – January 17, 1841) was a planter, inventor, and mercenary.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ He also served three terms in the Louisiana House of Representatives.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ Bowie's surname was pronounced to rhyme with the French \"Louis\" (/ˈbuːiː/ boo-ee).", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ (Although some works refer to the alternate pronunciation /ˈboʊ.i/ bo-ee.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ (\"v.\" James \"Jim\" Bowie) With his brother James \"Jim\" Bowie, Rezin Bowie smuggled slaves and worked as a land speculator.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ The brothers set up the first steam-powered sugar mill in Louisiana.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ Bowie took credit for inventing the Bowie knife, which came to prominence when used by James in the Sandbar Fight of 1827." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ A Bowie knife ( , ) is a pattern of fixed-blade fighting knife created by James Black in the early 19th century for Jim Bowie, who had become famous for his use of a large knife at a duel known as the Sandbar Fight.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ Since the first incarnation, the Bowie knife has come to incorporate several recognizable and characteristic design features, although in common usage the term refers to any large sheath knife with a crossguard and a clip point.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The knife pattern is still popular with collectors; in addition to various knife manufacturing companies there are hundreds of custom knife makers producing Bowies and variations.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The early history of the Bowie knife is complicated by murky definitions, limited supporting documentation and conflicting claims.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The historical Bowie knife was not a single design, but was a series of knives improved several times by Jim Bowie over the years.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The earliest such knife, made by Jesse Clift at Bowie's brother's request resembled Spanish hunting knives of the day, and differed little from a common butcher knife.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The blade, as later described by Rezin Bowie, was long, thick and wide.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ It was straight-backed, described by witnesses as \"a large butcher knife\", and having no clip-point nor any handguard, with a simple riveted wood scale handle.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Pricing games are featured on the current version of the American game show The Price Is Right.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ The contestant from Contestants' Row who bids closest to the price of a prize without going over wins the prize and has the chance to win additional prizes or cash in an onstage game.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Prior to expanding to one hour in length, three games per episode were played during the half-hour format.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ With the exception of a single game from early in the show's history, only one contestant at a time is involved in a pricing game.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess (styled as GUESS or Guess?)", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ is an American clothing brand and retailer.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ In addition to clothing for both men and women, Guess markets other fashion accessories such as watches, jewelry, perfumes, and shoes.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess began in 1981 as a book of styles by Georges Marciano.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Maurice, Georges brother, was first sought by Georges to help with product development.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand and Paul, also Georges' brothers, were in charge of distribution and advertising, respectively.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand ran distribution.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Paul created the advertising, all of it in-house.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Georges designed the clothes, burnishing Guess' signature style: stonewashed denim, lighter in color, softer and more form-fitting than the competitors.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The \"Deltora\" series features a wide line of characters, both important and minor.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The series also features many different monsters and creatures that appeared in all of the many different books.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ This article is a list of the many different characters and creatures that have appeared in the Deltora series.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Lief was raised as a blacksmith's son in the run-down city of Del after the invasion.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Hot-headed and impatient at the start of the series, all he wanted to do was go out and explore the city.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ On the night of his sixteenth birthday, he leaves on his father's quest to restore the Belt of Deltora, the only thing that can save their land and the heir from the tyranny of the Shadow Lord.", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ The Guess Who are a Canadian rock band, formed in Winnipeg in 1965.", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ Initially gaining recognition in Canada, the group found international success from the late 1960s through the mid-1970s with many hit singles, including \"No Time\", \"American Woman\", \"Laughing\", \"These Eyes\", \"Undun\" and \"Share the Land\".", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ The band have continued to perform and record to the present day; and at various times have included many well-known musicians, including Burton Cummings and Randy Bachman (of Bachman–Turner Overdrive).", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ Formed as a garage rock band, their musical style encompassed the pop rock and psychedelic rock genres.", "Gillian Guess __knowledge__ Gillian Guess (born 1955) is a Vancouver woman who was convicted in 1998 of obstruction of justice after becoming romantically involved with a murder defendant while she was a juror in his 1995 trial.", "Gillian Guess __knowledge__ Her case became significant because it set legal precedents in four areas of Canadian Law: it was the first case where a juror had sexual relations with a murder defendant during his trial; the only case where a juror has faced criminal sanction for the decision they have made; the only case in Canadian law where jury room discussions were made part of the public record.", "Gillian Guess __knowledge__ Regarding the sanctity of juror deliberations up until Guess was arrested, there was no law in Canada that made her actions illegal and more over, the procedures used in her trial may have violated Guess' rights under the Canadian Charter.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph.", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ The \"Metal Gear\" franchise features a large number of characters created by Hideo Kojima and designed by Yoji Shinkawa.", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ Its setting features several soldiers with supernatural powers provided by the new advancements of science.", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ The series follows mercenary Solid snak_a given government missions of finding the Metal Gear weapon, resulting in encounters with Gray Fox and Big Boss in Outer Heaven (\"Metal Gear\") and Zanzibar Land (\"\").", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ Later, Solid Snake meets Otacon and opposes Liquid Snake's FOXHOUND in \"Metal Gear Solid\" then assists Raiden in fighting both Solidus Snake and the Patriots in \"\".", "List of Metal Gear characters __knowledge__ Additionally, there are several prequel games that follows Big Boss's past and legend development as well as the origins of FOXHOUND, Outer Heaven and the Patriots.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ James \"Jim\" Bowie (pronounced ) ( – March 6, 1836) was a 19th-century American pioneer, who played a prominent role in the Texas Revolution, culminating in his death at the Battle of the Alamo.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ Stories of him as a fighter and frontiersman, both real and fictitious, have made him a legendary figure in Texas history and a folk hero of American culture.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ Born in Kentucky, Bowie spent most of his life in Louisiana, where he was raised and where he later worked as a land speculator.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ His rise to fame began in 1827 on reports of the Sandbar Fight.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ What began as a duel between two other men deteriorated into a melée in which Bowie, having been shot and stabbed, killed the sheriff of Rapides Parish with a large knife.", "39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States) __knowledge__ The 39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, formerly called the 39th Infantry Brigade (Separate) – nicknamed the Arkansas Brigade or the Bowie Team – is a infantry brigade combat team of the United States Army made up of soldiers from the Arkansas Army National Guard.", "39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States) __knowledge__ The 39th IBCT was one of fifteen National Guard brigades designated as an enhanced separate brigade.", "39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States) __knowledge__ Brigades with this designation received higher levels of training, more advanced equipment, and higher troop levels than normal National Guard brigades.", "39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States) __knowledge__ It also made these brigades a self-contained combat unit capable of intelligence, reconnaissance, maneuver, fire support, combat service support, and command and control without having to require attachments or detachments during deployments.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ Rezin Pleasant Bowie (September 8, 1793 – January 17, 1841) was a planter, inventor, and mercenary.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ He also served three terms in the Louisiana House of Representatives.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ Bowie's surname was pronounced to rhyme with the French \"Louis\" (/ˈbuːiː/ boo-ee).", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ (Although some works refer to the alternate pronunciation /ˈboʊ.i/ bo-ee.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ (\"v.\" James \"Jim\" Bowie) With his brother James \"Jim\" Bowie, Rezin Bowie smuggled slaves and worked as a land speculator.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ The brothers set up the first steam-powered sugar mill in Louisiana.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ Bowie took credit for inventing the Bowie knife, which came to prominence when used by James in the Sandbar Fight of 1827.", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ A fighting knife is a knife with a blade designed to inflict a lethal injury in a physical confrontation between two or more individuals at very short range (grappling distance).", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ The combat knife and the trench knife are examples of military fighting knives.", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ Fighting knives were traditionally designed as special-purpose weapons, intended primarily if not solely for use in personal or hand-to-hand combat.", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ This singularity of purpose originally distinguished the fighting knife from the field knife, fighting utility knife, or in modern usage, the tactical knife.", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ The tactical knife is a knife with one or more military features designed for use in extreme situations, which may or may not include a design capability as a fighting or combat weapon.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ The Sandbar Fight, also known as the Vidalia Sandbar Fight, was a formal one-on-one duel that erupted into a violent brawl involving multiple combatants on September 19, 1827.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ It took place on a large sandbar in the Mississippi River, near present-day Vidalia, Louisiana.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ American pioneer and folk hero Jim Bowie was seriously injured in the fight.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ Though the site of the brawl was originally a neutral island in the middle of the river, the main course of the river has since changed, and the site is now located west of the modern river on Giles Island.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ The river's original path, however, still serves as the border between the states of Mississippi and Louisiana, and the site of the brawl is therefore within Mississippi." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ A Bowie knife ( , ) is a pattern of fixed-blade fighting knife created by James Black in the early 19th century for Jim Bowie, who had become famous for his use of a large knife at a duel known as the Sandbar Fight.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ Since the first incarnation, the Bowie knife has come to incorporate several recognizable and characteristic design features, although in common usage the term refers to any large sheath knife with a crossguard and a clip point.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The knife pattern is still popular with collectors; in addition to various knife manufacturing companies there are hundreds of custom knife makers producing Bowies and variations.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The early history of the Bowie knife is complicated by murky definitions, limited supporting documentation and conflicting claims.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The historical Bowie knife was not a single design, but was a series of knives improved several times by Jim Bowie over the years.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The earliest such knife, made by Jesse Clift at Bowie's brother's request resembled Spanish hunting knives of the day, and differed little from a common butcher knife.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The blade, as later described by Rezin Bowie, was long, thick and wide.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ It was straight-backed, described by witnesses as \"a large butcher knife\", and having no clip-point nor any handguard, with a simple riveted wood scale handle.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ James \"Jim\" Bowie (pronounced ) ( – March 6, 1836) was a 19th-century American pioneer, who played a prominent role in the Texas Revolution, culminating in his death at the Battle of the Alamo.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ Stories of him as a fighter and frontiersman, both real and fictitious, have made him a legendary figure in Texas history and a folk hero of American culture.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ Born in Kentucky, Bowie spent most of his life in Louisiana, where he was raised and where he later worked as a land speculator.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ His rise to fame began in 1827 on reports of the Sandbar Fight.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ What began as a duel between two other men deteriorated into a melée in which Bowie, having been shot and stabbed, killed the sheriff of Rapides Parish with a large knife.", "39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States) __knowledge__ The 39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, formerly called the 39th Infantry Brigade (Separate) – nicknamed the Arkansas Brigade or the Bowie Team – is a infantry brigade combat team of the United States Army made up of soldiers from the Arkansas Army National Guard.", "39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States) __knowledge__ The 39th IBCT was one of fifteen National Guard brigades designated as an enhanced separate brigade.", "39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States) __knowledge__ Brigades with this designation received higher levels of training, more advanced equipment, and higher troop levels than normal National Guard brigades.", "39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States) __knowledge__ It also made these brigades a self-contained combat unit capable of intelligence, reconnaissance, maneuver, fire support, combat service support, and command and control without having to require attachments or detachments during deployments.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ Rezin Pleasant Bowie (September 8, 1793 – January 17, 1841) was a planter, inventor, and mercenary.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ He also served three terms in the Louisiana House of Representatives.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ Bowie's surname was pronounced to rhyme with the French \"Louis\" (/ˈbuːiː/ boo-ee).", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ (Although some works refer to the alternate pronunciation /ˈboʊ.i/ bo-ee.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ (\"v.\" James \"Jim\" Bowie) With his brother James \"Jim\" Bowie, Rezin Bowie smuggled slaves and worked as a land speculator.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ The brothers set up the first steam-powered sugar mill in Louisiana.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ Bowie took credit for inventing the Bowie knife, which came to prominence when used by James in the Sandbar Fight of 1827.", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ A fighting knife is a knife with a blade designed to inflict a lethal injury in a physical confrontation between two or more individuals at very short range (grappling distance).", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ The combat knife and the trench knife are examples of military fighting knives.", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ Fighting knives were traditionally designed as special-purpose weapons, intended primarily if not solely for use in personal or hand-to-hand combat.", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ This singularity of purpose originally distinguished the fighting knife from the field knife, fighting utility knife, or in modern usage, the tactical knife.", "Fighting knife __knowledge__ The tactical knife is a knife with one or more military features designed for use in extreme situations, which may or may not include a design capability as a fighting or combat weapon.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ Knife legislation is defined as the body of statutory law or case law promulgated or enacted by a government or other governing jurisdiction that prohibits, criminalizes, or restricts the otherwise legal manufacture, importation, sale, transfer, possession, transport, or use of knives.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ The carrying of knives in public is forbidden or restricted by law in many countries.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ Exceptions may be made for hunting knives, pocket knives, and knives used for work-related purposes (chef's knives, etc.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ ), depending upon the laws of a given jurisdiction.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ In turn, the carrying or possessing of certain type of knives perceived as deadly or offensive weapons such as automatic or switchblade knives or butterfly knives may be restricted or prohibited.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ The Sandbar Fight, also known as the Vidalia Sandbar Fight, was a formal one-on-one duel that erupted into a violent brawl involving multiple combatants on September 19, 1827.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ It took place on a large sandbar in the Mississippi River, near present-day Vidalia, Louisiana.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ American pioneer and folk hero Jim Bowie was seriously injured in the fight.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ Though the site of the brawl was originally a neutral island in the middle of the river, the main course of the river has since changed, and the site is now located west of the modern river on Giles Island.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ The river's original path, however, still serves as the border between the states of Mississippi and Louisiana, and the site of the brawl is therefore within Mississippi.", "James Black (blacksmith) __knowledge__ James Black (May 1, 1800 - June 22, 1872) was an American knifemaker best known for his improvements to Bowie knife designed by Jim Bowie.", "James Black (blacksmith) __knowledge__ James Black was born in Hackensack, New Jersey on 1 May 1800.", "James Black (blacksmith) __knowledge__ James' mother died when he was very young and he had difficulty getting along with his stepmother.", "James Black (blacksmith) __knowledge__ Black ran away from home to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at age 8 and was apprenticed to a silversmith.", "James Black (blacksmith) __knowledge__ At age 18 he migrated westward and took jobs on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.", "James Black (blacksmith) __knowledge__ About 1820 Black spent some time at Bayou Sara in Louisiana working as a ferryman and as a steamboat deckhand on the Red River which took him upstream to Fulton, Arkansas.", "The Adventures of Jim Bowie __knowledge__ The Adventures of Jim Bowie is an American Western television series that aired on ABC from 1956 to 1958.", "The Adventures of Jim Bowie __knowledge__ Its setting was the 1830s-era Louisiana Territory.", "The Adventures of Jim Bowie __knowledge__ The series was an adaptation of the book \"Tempered Blade\", by Monte Barrett.", "The Adventures of Jim Bowie __knowledge__ The series stars Scott Forbes as the real-life adventurer Jim Bowie.", "The Adventures of Jim Bowie __knowledge__ The series initially portrayed Jim Bowie as something of an outdoors-man, riding his horse through the wilderness near his home in Opelousas where he would stumble across someone needing his assistance.", "The Adventures of Jim Bowie __knowledge__ He was aided by his ever-present weapon the Bowie Knife, something he designed in the first episode \"The Birth of the Blade.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ A Bowie knife ( , ) is a pattern of fixed-blade fighting knife created by James Black in the early 19th century for Jim Bowie, who had become famous for his use of a large knife at a duel known as the Sandbar Fight.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ Since the first incarnation, the Bowie knife has come to incorporate several recognizable and characteristic design features, although in common usage the term refers to any large sheath knife with a crossguard and a clip point.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The knife pattern is still popular with collectors; in addition to various knife manufacturing companies there are hundreds of custom knife makers producing Bowies and variations.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The early history of the Bowie knife is complicated by murky definitions, limited supporting documentation and conflicting claims.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The historical Bowie knife was not a single design, but was a series of knives improved several times by Jim Bowie over the years.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The earliest such knife, made by Jesse Clift at Bowie's brother's request resembled Spanish hunting knives of the day, and differed little from a common butcher knife.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The blade, as later described by Rezin Bowie, was long, thick and wide.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ It was straight-backed, described by witnesses as \"a large butcher knife\", and having no clip-point nor any handguard, with a simple riveted wood scale handle.", "Big Knife Provincial Park __knowledge__ Big Knife Provincial Park is a small provincial park in central Alberta, Canada.", "Big Knife Provincial Park __knowledge__ It was established in 1962 on the Battle River, at the confluence with the \"Big Knife Creek\" and is located between the villages of Donalda and Forestburg, 10 km south of highway 53, 88 km from the city of Camrose.", "Big Knife Provincial Park __knowledge__ According to tradition, Big Knife Creek's name commemorates a battle between two Indians, namely Big Man and Knife.", "Big Knife Provincial Park __knowledge__ Many activities in the park are water related and include canoeing, kayaking, swimming, fishing and power boating.", "Big Knife Provincial Park __knowledge__ Birdwatching and camping at the \"Big Knife Campground\" are also popular.", "Big Knife Provincial Park __knowledge__ The park is open during the summer (from May to September), with only limited access during the winter months.", "The Big Knife (play) __knowledge__ The Big Knife is an American play by Clifford Odets.", "The Big Knife (play) __knowledge__ Directed by Lee Strasberg, who had worked with Odets at the Group Theatre, and starring fellow Group Theatre alumnus John Garfield.", "The Big Knife (play) __knowledge__ The play debuted at Broadway's National Theatre on 24 February 1949 before closing on May 28th after 109 performances.", "The Big Knife (play) __knowledge__ \"The Big Knife\" marked the return of Odets to Broadway after a six-year hiatus in which he toiled in Hollywood as a screenwriter and motion picture director.", "The Big Knife (play) __knowledge__ The play concerns the disillusionment of a movie star with the Hollywood's studio system and disgust with himself, as he has lost his idealism in the pursuit of success.", "The Big Knife __knowledge__ The Big Knife is a 1955 film noir directed and produced by Robert Aldrich from a screenplay by James Poe based on the 1949 play by Clifford Odets.", "The Big Knife __knowledge__ The film stars Jack Palance, Ida Lupino, Wendell Corey, Jean Hagen, Rod Steiger, Shelley Winters, Ilka Chase, and Everett Sloane.", "The Big Knife __knowledge__ Charlie Castle, a very successful Hollywood actor, lives in a huge home.", "The Big Knife __knowledge__ But his wife Marion is on the verge of leaving him, which he refuses to confirm to influential gossip columnist Patty Benedict.", "The Big Knife __knowledge__ On his wife's advice, Castle is adamantly refusing to renew his contract, which enrages Stanley Shriner Hoff, his powerful studio boss.", "Clifford Odets __knowledge__ Clifford Odets (July 18, 1906 – August 14, 1963) was an American playwright, screenwriter, and director.", "Clifford Odets __knowledge__ Odets was widely seen as successor to Nobel Prize-winning playwright Eugene O'Neill as O'Neill began to retire from Broadway's commercial pressures and increasing critical backlash in the mid-1930s.", "Clifford Odets __knowledge__ From early 1935 on, Odets' socially relevant dramas proved extremely influential, particularly for the remainder of the Great Depression.", "Clifford Odets __knowledge__ Odets' works inspired the next several generations of playwrights, including Arthur Miller, Paddy Chayefsky, Neil Simon, David Mamet, and Jon Robin Baitz.", "Clifford Odets __knowledge__ After the production of his play \"Clash by Night\" in the 1941–1942 season, Odets focused his energies on film projects, remaining in Hollywood for the next seven years.", "Switchblade __knowledge__ A switchblade (also known as an automatic knife, pushbutton knife, ejector knife, switch, Sprenger, Springer, flick knife, or flick blade) is a type of knife with a folding or sliding blade contained in the handle which is opened automatically by a spring when a button, lever, or switch on the handle or bolster is activated.", "Switchblade __knowledge__ Most switchblade designs incorporate a locking blade, in which the blade is locked against closure when the spring extends the blade to the fully opened position.", "Switchblade __knowledge__ The blade is unlocked by manually operating a mechanism that unlocks the blade and allows it to be folded and locked in the closed position.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ Knife legislation is defined as the body of statutory law or case law promulgated or enacted by a government or other governing jurisdiction that prohibits, criminalizes, or restricts the otherwise legal manufacture, importation, sale, transfer, possession, transport, or use of knives.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ The carrying of knives in public is forbidden or restricted by law in many countries.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ Exceptions may be made for hunting knives, pocket knives, and knives used for work-related purposes (chef's knives, etc.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ ), depending upon the laws of a given jurisdiction.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ In turn, the carrying or possessing of certain type of knives perceived as deadly or offensive weapons such as automatic or switchblade knives or butterfly knives may be restricted or prohibited.", "Robert Aldrich __knowledge__ Robert Burgess Aldrich (August 9, 1918 – December 5, 1983) was an American film director, writer and producer, notable for such films as \"Vera Cruz\" (1954), \"Kiss Me Deadly\" (1955), \"The Big Knife\" (1955), \"What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?\"", "Robert Aldrich __knowledge__ (1962), \"Hush… Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" (1964), \"The Flight of the Phoenix\" (1965), \"The Dirty Dozen\" (1967) and \"The Longest Yard\" (1974).", "Robert Aldrich __knowledge__ Film critic John Patterson summarized his career in 2012: \"He was a punchy, caustic, macho and pessimistic director, who depicted corruption and evil unflinchingly, and pushed limits on violence throughout his career.", "Robert Aldrich __knowledge__ His aggressive and pugnacious film-making style, often crass and crude, but never less than utterly vital and alive, warrants — and will richly reward — your immediate attention.\"", "IMI Galil __knowledge__ The Galil is a family of Israeli small arms designed by Yisrael Galil and Yaacov Lior in the late 1960s and produced by Israel Military Industries (IMI) (IMI privatized their small arms division, now called IWI) of Ramat HaSharon.", "IMI Galil __knowledge__ The rifle design borrows heavily from the RK-62 and has a modified gas diversion system similar to the RK-62 to reduce the recoil of the rifle making it easier to fire especially in automatic mode.", "IMI Galil __knowledge__ The weapon system consists of a line chambered for the intermediate 5.56×45mm NATO caliber with either the M193 or SS109 ball cartridge and several models designed for use with the 7.62×51mm NATO rifle round.", "Pedersen rifle __knowledge__ The Pedersen Rifle, officially known in final form as the T1E3 rifle, was a United States semi-automatic rifle designed by John Pedersen that was made in small numbers for testing by the United States Army during the 1920s as part of a program to standardize and adopt a replacement for the M1903 Springfield.", "Pedersen rifle __knowledge__ Although the Pedersen was rated for a time as the most likely candidate for standardization and adoption, the .30 caliber M1 Garand was chosen instead.", "Pedersen rifle __knowledge__ The U.S. Army had shown interest in the idea of self-loading (semiautomatic) rifles before World War I.", "Pedersen rifle __knowledge__ Combat experience during that war had made clear two general points: that the standard caliber .30-06 rifle cartridge was excessively powerful for the ranges (500 yards and less) where infantry combat was likely to take place, and that bolt-action rifles such as the M1903 Springfield were seriously lacking in firepower and second-shot hit capability.", "CAR-15 __knowledge__ The Colt Automatic Rifle-15 or CAR-15 was a family of M16 rifle based firearms marketed by Colt in the 1960s and early 1970s.", "CAR-15 __knowledge__ However, the term \"CAR-15\" is most commonly associated with the Colt Commando (AKA: XM177), these select-fire carbines have ultrashort and barrels with over-sized flash suppressors.", "CAR-15 __knowledge__ The CAR-15 name was an attempt to re-associate the AR-15 name with Colt, since the AR initially stood for ArmaLite Rifle, the original manufacturer of the ArmaLite AR-15.", "CAR-15 __knowledge__ Colt later abandoned the CAR-15 concept, but continued to make carbine variations, using the \"M16\" brand for select-fire models and the \"Colt AR-15\" brand for semi-automatic models.", "M60 machine gun __knowledge__ The M60, officially the United States Machine Gun, Caliber 7.62 mm, M60, is a family of American general-purpose machine guns firing 7.62×51mm NATO cartridges from a disintegrating belt of M13 links.", "M60 machine gun __knowledge__ There are several types of ammunition approved for use in the M60, including ball, tracer, and armor-piercing rounds.", "M60 machine gun __knowledge__ Introduced in 1957, it has served with every branch of the U.S. military and still serves with other armed forces.", "M60 machine gun __knowledge__ Its manufacture and continued upgrade for military and commercial purchase continues into the 21st century, although it has been replaced or supplemented in most roles by other designs, most notably the M240 machine gun in U.S. service.", "Blade __knowledge__ A blade is the portion of a tool, weapon, or machine with an edge that is designed to puncture, chop, slice or scrape surfaces or materials.", "Blade __knowledge__ A blade may be made from a flaking stone, such as flint, metal (usually steel), ceramic, or other material.", "Blade __knowledge__ Blades are one of humanity's oldest tools, and continue to be used for combat, food preparation, and other purposes.", "Blade __knowledge__ During food preparation, knives are mainly used for slicing, chopping, and piercing.", "Blade __knowledge__ In combat, a blade may be used to slash or puncture, and may also be thrown or otherwise propelled.", "Blade __knowledge__ The function is to sever a nerve, muscle or tendon fibers, or blood vessel to disable or kill the adversary.", "Dragunov sniper rifle __knowledge__ The Dragunov sniper rifle (formal \"Snayperskaya Vintovka sistem'y Dragunova obraz'tsa 1963 goda\" (SVD-63), officially \"Sniper Rifle, System of Dragunov, Model of the Year 1963\") is a semi-automatic sniper/designated marksman rifle chambered in 7.62×54mmR and developed in the Soviet Union.", "Dragunov sniper rifle __knowledge__ The Dragunov was designed as a squad support weapon since, according to Soviet and Soviet-derived military doctrines, the long-range engagement ability was lost to ordinary troops when submachine guns and assault rifles (which are optimized for close-range and medium-range, rapid-fire combat) were adopted.", "Dragunov sniper rifle __knowledge__ For that reason, it was originally named Самозарядная Винтовка системы Драгунова образца 1963 года \"Self-Loading Rifle, System of Dragunov, Model of the Year 1963.\"", "Colt Canada C7 __knowledge__ The Colt Canada C7 is a Canadian assault rifle, manufactured by Colt Canada (formerly Diemaco prior to 2005), a variant of the Armalite AR-15, and having similar design and function to the Colt M16A3.", "Colt Canada C7 __knowledge__ The C7 and its variants have been adopted as the standard issue rifle by the militaries of Canada, Norway (Special forces only), Denmark and the Netherlands.", "Colt Canada C7 __knowledge__ Following trials, C8 variants are general issue firearms for the United Kingdom's Special Forces and other specialist users within the British military.", "Colt Canada C7 __knowledge__ It has been utilized in various combat deployments by Canadian, British, Norwegian, Dutch and Danish Forces in Afghanistan and Iraq." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ A Bowie knife ( , ) is a pattern of fixed-blade fighting knife created by James Black in the early 19th century for Jim Bowie, who had become famous for his use of a large knife at a duel known as the Sandbar Fight.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ Since the first incarnation, the Bowie knife has come to incorporate several recognizable and characteristic design features, although in common usage the term refers to any large sheath knife with a crossguard and a clip point.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The knife pattern is still popular with collectors; in addition to various knife manufacturing companies there are hundreds of custom knife makers producing Bowies and variations.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The early history of the Bowie knife is complicated by murky definitions, limited supporting documentation and conflicting claims.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The historical Bowie knife was not a single design, but was a series of knives improved several times by Jim Bowie over the years.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The earliest such knife, made by Jesse Clift at Bowie's brother's request resembled Spanish hunting knives of the day, and differed little from a common butcher knife.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ The blade, as later described by Rezin Bowie, was long, thick and wide.", "Bowie knife __knowledge__ It was straight-backed, described by witnesses as \"a large butcher knife\", and having no clip-point nor any handguard, with a simple riveted wood scale handle.", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "David Bowie __knowledge__ David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 – 10 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie (), was an English singer, songwriter and actor.", "David Bowie __knowledge__ He was a leading figure in popular music for over five decades, acclaimed by critics and other musicians for his innovative work.", "David Bowie __knowledge__ His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music and stagecraft significantly influencing popular music.", "David Bowie __knowledge__ During his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million albums worldwide, made him one of the world's best-selling music artists.", "David Bowie __knowledge__ In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, releasing eleven number-one albums.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ Design Manchester is a not-for-profit organisation established to showcase design talent; support design skills, careers & enterprise; advance the contribution of design in the city and the regional economy; and promote the role of Manchester as a design city internationally.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ It has a year-round programme of activities and events and organises Manchester’s annual citywide festival of design.", "Design Manchester __knowledge__ In 2013, graphic designers John Owens and Malcolm Garrett RDI and media publicist Fiona McGarva were asked by Professor David Crow, then the Dean of Manchester School of Art, to organise an event to mark the School’s 175th anniversary and the opening of the new Benzie Building designed by Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "Glass Spider Tour __knowledge__ The Glass Spider Tour was a 1987 worldwide concert tour by David Bowie, launched in support of his album \"Never Let Me Down\".", "Glass Spider Tour __knowledge__ It began in May 1987 and was preceded by a two-week press tour that saw Bowie visit nine countries throughout Europe and North America to drum up public interest in the tour.", "Glass Spider Tour __knowledge__ The Glass Spider Tour was the first Bowie tour to visit Austria, Italy, Spain, Ireland and Wales.", "Glass Spider Tour __knowledge__ Through a sponsorship from Pepsi, the tour was intended to visit Russia and South America as well, but these plans were later cancelled.", "Glass Spider Tour __knowledge__ The tour was, at that point, the longest and most expensive tour Bowie had embarked upon in his career.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ James \"Jim\" Bowie (pronounced ) ( – March 6, 1836) was a 19th-century American pioneer, who played a prominent role in the Texas Revolution, culminating in his death at the Battle of the Alamo.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ Stories of him as a fighter and frontiersman, both real and fictitious, have made him a legendary figure in Texas history and a folk hero of American culture.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ Born in Kentucky, Bowie spent most of his life in Louisiana, where he was raised and where he later worked as a land speculator.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ His rise to fame began in 1827 on reports of the Sandbar Fight.", "James Bowie __knowledge__ What began as a duel between two other men deteriorated into a melée in which Bowie, having been shot and stabbed, killed the sheriff of Rapides Parish with a large knife.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ The Sandbar Fight, also known as the Vidalia Sandbar Fight, was a formal one-on-one duel that erupted into a violent brawl involving multiple combatants on September 19, 1827.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ It took place on a large sandbar in the Mississippi River, near present-day Vidalia, Louisiana.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ American pioneer and folk hero Jim Bowie was seriously injured in the fight.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ Though the site of the brawl was originally a neutral island in the middle of the river, the main course of the river has since changed, and the site is now located west of the modern river on Giles Island.", "Sandbar Fight __knowledge__ The river's original path, however, still serves as the border between the states of Mississippi and Louisiana, and the site of the brawl is therefore within Mississippi.", "James Black (blacksmith) __knowledge__ James Black (May 1, 1800 - June 22, 1872) was an American knifemaker best known for his improvements to Bowie knife designed by Jim Bowie.", "James Black (blacksmith) __knowledge__ James Black was born in Hackensack, New Jersey on 1 May 1800.", "James Black (blacksmith) __knowledge__ James' mother died when he was very young and he had difficulty getting along with his stepmother.", "James Black (blacksmith) __knowledge__ Black ran away from home to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at age 8 and was apprenticed to a silversmith.", "James Black (blacksmith) __knowledge__ At age 18 he migrated westward and took jobs on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.", "James Black (blacksmith) __knowledge__ About 1820 Black spent some time at Bayou Sara in Louisiana working as a ferryman and as a steamboat deckhand on the Red River which took him upstream to Fulton, Arkansas.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ Rezin Pleasant Bowie (September 8, 1793 – January 17, 1841) was a planter, inventor, and mercenary.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ He also served three terms in the Louisiana House of Representatives.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ Bowie's surname was pronounced to rhyme with the French \"Louis\" (/ˈbuːiː/ boo-ee).", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ (Although some works refer to the alternate pronunciation /ˈboʊ.i/ bo-ee.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ (\"v.\" James \"Jim\" Bowie) With his brother James \"Jim\" Bowie, Rezin Bowie smuggled slaves and worked as a land speculator.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ The brothers set up the first steam-powered sugar mill in Louisiana.", "Rezin Bowie __knowledge__ Bowie took credit for inventing the Bowie knife, which came to prominence when used by James in the Sandbar Fight of 1827.", "Siege of Béxar __knowledge__ The Siege of Béxar (or Bejar) was an early campaign of the Texas Revolution in which a volunteer Texian army defeated Mexican forces at San Antonio de Béxar (now San Antonio, Texas, US).", "Siege of Béxar __knowledge__ Texians had become disillusioned with the Mexican government as President and General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna's tenure became increasingly dictatorial.", "Siege of Béxar __knowledge__ In early October, 1835, Texas settlers gathered in Gonzales to stop Mexican troops from reclaiming a small cannon.", "Siege of Béxar __knowledge__ The resulting skirmish, known as the Battle of Gonzales, launched the Texas Revolution.", "Siege of Béxar __knowledge__ Men continued to assemble in Gonzales and soon established the Texian Army.", "The Alamo (1960 film) __knowledge__ The Alamo is a 1960 American historical epic war film about the 1836 Battle of the Alamo produced and directed by John Wayne and starring Wayne as Davy Crockett.", "The Alamo (1960 film) __knowledge__ The picture also stars Richard Widmark as Jim Bowie and Laurence Harvey as William B. Travis, and the supporting cast features Frankie Avalon, Patrick Wayne, Linda Cristal, Joan O'Brien, Chill Wills, Joseph Calleia, Ken Curtis, Ruben Padilla as Santa Anna, and guest star Richard Boone as Sam Houston.", "The Alamo (1960 film) __knowledge__ The movie was photographed in 70 mm Todd-AO by William H. Clothier and released by United Artists.", "The Alamo (1960 film) __knowledge__ The film depicts the Battle of the Alamo and the events leading up to it." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 8, 1, 8 ]

[ "I've never heard of a bowie knife before, let alone seen one! What's it used for?", "I've heard that some guy named Jim Bowie used it in a knife fight, known as the Sandbar fight.", "It's supposed to have a straight back, and no clip-point or handguard.", "Well, it was actually created by a guy named James Black for Jim Bowie. So it's not named after the creator, but rather the guy who wielded it in the Sandbar Fight.", "I'm actually not sure, but the handles are typically wood scale." ]

[ "Bowie knife", "Bowie knife", "Bowie knife", "Bowie knife", "Bowie knife" ]

[ "Surfing\nI have never been surfing, but it seems like a great way to get out and enjoy the ocean.", "Do you know much about the best places to surf?", "In rivers and lakes? How in the world do they have enough of a wave to be able to surf?", "wow - that sure is interesting -perhaps that would be a good place for a beginner surfer to learn.", "We have a place near us that does wakeboarding - I know that's not the same but I guess it would at least get you up on a board." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ Disney's \"Aladdin\" franchise features an extensive cast of fictional characters.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ The lead character of the series is Aladdin, who was originally a street urchin.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ During the course of the franchise, he starts living in the palace of Agrabah and becomes engaged to Princess Jasmine.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ Aladdin (, \")\", is the protagonist of the franchise, a street child who ends up becoming the prince of Agrabah after meeting Jasmine in the streets and being recruited by Jafar to retrieve the magical lamp from the Cave of Wonders.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Scott Weinger when speaking and Brad Kane when singing.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ Jasmine is the rebellious princess of Agrabah, who flees the palace in revolt to her obligation to be married to a prince.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ Stephen McDannell Hillenburg (born August21, 1961) is an American cartoonist, animator, writer, producer, director, and former marine biologist.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ He is the creator of the television series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" (1999), which he has also directed, produced, and written.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ It has gone on to become one of the longest-running American television series as well as the highest-rated show ever to air on Nickelodeon.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ Born in Lawton, Oklahoma and raised in Anaheim, California, Hillenburg became fascinated with the ocean as a child and also developed an interest in art.", "Stephen Hillenburg __knowledge__ He started his professional career in 1984, instructing marine biology, at the Orange County Marine Institute, where he wrote \"The Intertidal Zone\", an informative comic book about tide-pool animals, which he used to educate his students.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing is a low-key movement started by longtime surfer, Peter Cuming, in 1995 with surf elders Rob Conneelly, Nat Young and surf artist Roscoe Kermode.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ Spirit of Surfing was established as an initiative to promote the traditions of free surfing, respect for the ocean, the land and indigenous and local cultures wherever surfers are and travel, fostering community spirit and an harmonious relationship with the natural environment.", "Spirit of Surfing __knowledge__ These key messages are shared and encouraged in the water amongst surfers and through other opportunities such as festivals, forums, gatherings and local surfing communities." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Taking Back Sunday (album) __knowledge__ Taking Back Sunday is the fifth studio album by American rock band Taking Back Sunday.", "Taking Back Sunday (album) __knowledge__ After returning home from touring the Soundwave festival in February and March 2010, guitarist Matthew Fazzi and bassist Matthew Rubano left the group.", "Taking Back Sunday (album) __knowledge__ They were replaced by guitarist John Nolan and bassist Shaun Cooper, both of which were former members of the band.", "Taking Back Sunday (album) __knowledge__ Later in March, the band began writing material for their next album in El Paso, Texas.", "Taking Back Sunday (album) __knowledge__ The following month, demos were recorded with the aim to release a new album later in the year.", "Taking Back Sunday (album) __knowledge__ Recording began in October with producer Eric Valentine at Barefoot Recording in Hollywood, California and finished in January 2011.", "Surf break __knowledge__ A surf break (also break, shore break, or big wave break) is a permanent (or semi permanent) obstruction such as a coral reef, rock, shoal, or headland that causes a wave to break, forming a barreling wave or other wave that can be surfed, before it eventually collapses.", "Surf break __knowledge__ The topography of the seabed determines the shape of the wave and type of break.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Since shoals can change size and location, affecting the break, it takes commitment and skill to find good breaks.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Some surf breaks are quite dangerous, since the surfer can collide with a reef or rocks below the water.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Surf breaks may be defended vehemently by surfers, as human activities and constructions can have unintended and unpredictable consequences which can be either positive, negative, or unknown.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records in the United States on May 25, 2011, as a promotional single.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ Serving as the opening track on \"4\", it was written and produced by The-Dream, Tricky Stewart .", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" was originally titled \"Nothing But Love\" and by Corey-Jackson Carter & The-Dream & he had initially planned to include it on his second studio album, \"Love vs. Money\" (2009).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ A down-tempo contemporary R&B and soul music power ballad, \"1+1\" Beyoncé expressing her endless love to her soul mate; the lyrics make strong statements about the power of the relationship.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ Linda Maria Ronstadt (born July 15, 1946) is an American popular music singer known for singing in a wide range of genres including rock, country, jazz, light opera, and Latin.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has earned 11 Grammy Awards, three American Music Awards, two Academy of Country Music awards, an Emmy Award, and an ALMA Award, and many of her albums have been certified gold, platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ On July 28, 2014, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities.", "Piha Surf Life Saving Club __knowledge__ Piha Surf Life Saving Club (sometimes called Piha Lifeguard Service) is a surf lifesaving club for the southern section of Piha, on the west coast of Auckland, New Zealand, some 45 km from Auckland City centre.", "Piha Surf Life Saving Club __knowledge__ The patrol is featured on the TVNZ reality show \"Piha Rescue\", and is ordinarily broadcast Mondays at 7:30 PM on the channel TVNZ 1 when a season is running.", "Piha Surf Life Saving Club __knowledge__ The club is the best-known of 17 surf lifesaving clubs in the Northern Region of New Zealand, and possibly one of the best-known surf lifesaving clubs in the entire country.", "Piha Surf Life Saving Club __knowledge__ Its high-profile is partly being due to its participation in the television series and partly through its location on one of the country's most-popular surfing beaches.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Mavericks is a surfing location in northern California about from shore outside Pillar Point Harbor, just north of the town of Half Moon Bay at the village of Princeton-by-the-Sea.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ After a strong winter storm in the northern Pacific Ocean, waves can routinely crest at over and top out at over .", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Routinely, waves that break can be recorded on seismometers.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ The break is caused by an unusually shaped underwater rock formation.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Mavericks is a winter destination for some of the world's best big wave surfers.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Very few riders become big wave surfers, and of those, only a select few are willing to risk their lives under the hazardous, sometimes deadly, conditions at Mavericks.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "River surfing __knowledge__ River surfing is the sport of surfing either standing waves or tidal bores in rivers.", "River surfing __knowledge__ Claims for its origins include a 1955 ride of 1.5 miles along the tidal bore of the River Severn.", "River surfing __knowledge__ River surfing on standing waves has been documented as far back as the early-1970s in Munich, Germany, today offering the world's largest urban surfing spot.", "River surfing __knowledge__ In this type of river surfing, the wave is stationary on the river, caused by a high volume of water constricted by flowing over a rock and creating a wave behind.", "River surfing __knowledge__ It is a form of hydraulic jump.", "River surfing __knowledge__ A river surfer can face up-stream and catch this wave and have the feeling of traveling fast over water while not actually moving.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ Laird Hamilton (born March 2, 1964) is an American big-wave surfer, co-inventor of tow-in surfing, and an occasional fashion and action-sports model.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ He is married to Gabrielle Reece, a professional volleyball player, television personality, and model.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ Hamilton and his family split their time between residences in Maui, Hawaii, and Malibu, California.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ Laird was born Laird John Zerfas in San Francisco on March 2, 1964, in an experimental salt-water sphere at UCSF Medical Center designed to ease the mother's labor.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ His father, L. G. Zerfas, left the family before his first birthday.", "Laird Hamilton __knowledge__ While he was an infant, Laird and his mother, Joann (née Zyirek), moved to Hawaii." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Surf break __knowledge__ A surf break (also break, shore break, or big wave break) is a permanent (or semi permanent) obstruction such as a coral reef, rock, shoal, or headland that causes a wave to break, forming a barreling wave or other wave that can be surfed, before it eventually collapses.", "Surf break __knowledge__ The topography of the seabed determines the shape of the wave and type of break.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Since shoals can change size and location, affecting the break, it takes commitment and skill to find good breaks.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Some surf breaks are quite dangerous, since the surfer can collide with a reef or rocks below the water.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Surf breaks may be defended vehemently by surfers, as human activities and constructions can have unintended and unpredictable consequences which can be either positive, negative, or unknown.", "Kayak __knowledge__ A kayak is a small, narrow watercraft which is propelled by means of a double-bladed paddle.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The word kayak originates from the Greenlandic word \"qajaq\" ().", "Kayak __knowledge__ The traditional kayak has a covered deck and one or more cockpits, each seating one paddler.", "Kayak __knowledge__ The cockpit is sometimes covered by a spray deck that prevents the entry of water from waves or spray and makes it possible for suitably skilled kayakers to roll the kayak: that is, to capsize and right it without it filling with water or ejecting the paddler. ]", "Kayak __knowledge__ Some modern boats vary considerably from a traditional design but still claim the title \"kayak\", for instance in eliminating the cockpit by seating the paddler on top of the boat (\"sit-on-top\" kayaks); having inflated air chambers surrounding the boat; replacing the single hull by twin hulls, and replacing paddles with other human-powered propulsion methods, such as foot-powered rotational propellers and \"flippers\".", "Playboating __knowledge__ Playboating is a discipline of whitewater kayaking or canoeing where the paddler performs various technical moves in one place (a playspot), as opposed to downriver whitewater canoeing or kayaking where the objective is to travel the length of a section of river (although whitewater paddlers will often stop and play en route).", "Playboating __knowledge__ Specialised canoes or kayaks (boats) known as playboats are often used, but any boat can be used for playing.", "Playboating __knowledge__ The moves and tricks are often similar to those performed by snowboarders, surfers or skaters, where the athlete completes spins, flips, turns, etc.", "Playboating __knowledge__ With modern playboats it is possible to get the kayak and the paddler completely airborne while performing tricks.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ A surf ski is a long, narrow, lightweight kayak with an open (sit-on-top) cockpit, usually with a foot pedal controlled rudder.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ There are two types of surf skis, the spec ski and the ocean ski.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The spec ski is the traditional craft used by surf life saving clubs and must adhere to strict size and weight.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The ocean ski on the other hand is typically a longer craft with a deeper cockpit.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The Spec ski is designed tougher and with more rocker to manoeuvre in and out of the wave zone.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The ocean ski is made for long-distance ocean paddling and is usually raced downwind with the swells.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ Typically 5.0-6.0 metres(16½-21 ft) long and only 40–50 cm (16-20\") wide, surf skis are extremely fast when paddled on flat water (only an Olympic K1 or K2 kayak is faster) and the fastest paddled craft available over a long distance on ocean swells.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, or beach.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards are strong swimmers and trained in CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, the lifeguard service also carries out mountain rescues, or may function as the primary EMS provider.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is responsible for the safety of people in an area of water, and usually a defined area immediately surrounding or adjacent to it, such as a beach next to an ocean or lake.", "BDSM __knowledge__ BDSM is a variety of often erotic practices or roleplaying involving bondage, discipline, dominance and submission, sadomasochism, and other related interpersonal dynamics.", "BDSM __knowledge__ Given the wide range of practices, some of which may be engaged in by people who do not consider themselves as practicing BDSM, inclusion in the BDSM community or subculture is usually dependent upon self-identification and shared experience.", "BDSM __knowledge__ The term \"BDSM\" is first recorded in a Usenet posting from 1991, and is interpreted as a combination of the abbreviations B/D (Bondage and Discipline), D/s (Dominance and submission), and S/M (Sadism and Masochism).", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "San Diego–Tijuana __knowledge__ San Diego–Tijuana is an international metropolitan conurbation, straddling the border of the adjacent North American coastal cities of San Diego, California, United States and Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.", "San Diego–Tijuana __knowledge__ The 2012 population of the region was 4,922,723, making it the largest bi-national conurbation shared between the United States and Mexico, the second-largest shared between the US and another country (after Detroit-Windsor), and the fourth largest in the world.", "San Diego–Tijuana __knowledge__ In its entirety, the region consists of San Diego County in the United States and the municipalities of Tijuana, Rosarito Beach, and Tecate in Mexico.", "San Diego __knowledge__ San Diego (; Spanish for \"Saint Didacus\"; Spanish: ) is a major city in California, United States.", "San Diego __knowledge__ It is in San Diego County, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, approximately south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico.", "San Diego __knowledge__ With an estimated population of 1,406,630 as of July 1, 2016, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California.", "San Diego __knowledge__ It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people.", "History of California __knowledge__ The history of California can be divided into: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1848; and United States statehood, which continues to this present day.", "History of California __knowledge__ California was settled from the North by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years.", "History of California __knowledge__ It was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America.", "History of California __knowledge__ After contact with Spanish explorers, most of the Native Americans died out from European diseases.", "History of California __knowledge__ After the Portolá expedition of 1769–70, Spanish missionaries began setting up 21 California Missions on or near the coast of Alta (Upper) California, beginning in San Diego." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ The Silver Surfer is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ The character also appears in a number of movies, television, and video game adaptations.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ The character was created by Jack Kirby, and first appeared in the comic book \"Fantastic Four\" #48, published in 1966.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ The Silver Surfer is a humanoid with metallic skin who can travel space with the aid of his surfboard-like craft.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ Originally a young astronomer named Norrin Radd on the planet Zenn-La, he saved his homeworld from the planet devourer, Galactus, by serving as his herald.", "Silver Surfer __knowledge__ Imbued in return with a tiny portion of Galactus's Power Cosmic, Radd acquired vast power, a new body and a surfboard-like craft on which he could travel faster than light.", "Bob Penuelas __knowledge__ Bob Penuelas is a comic strip illustrator and writer.", "Bob Penuelas __knowledge__ He was the creator of the comic strip character Wilbur Kookmeyer, which has appeared in Surfer Magazine since 1986.", "Bob Penuelas __knowledge__ Born and raised in San Diego, Bob Penuelas learned to draw at an early age by his father, a technical illustrator.", "Bob Penuelas __knowledge__ In Bob's younger years he was heavily influenced by the satirical humor of MAD Magazine.", "Bob Penuelas __knowledge__ Later in his early teens he learned to surf and soon combined his art with his love for surfing.", "Bob Penuelas __knowledge__ At that time he was influenced by Rick Griffin whose artwork regularly appeared in Surfer Magazine.", "Bob Penuelas __knowledge__ Penuelas began his career as a comic strip artist with the creation of the \"Maynard and the Rat\" strip for Surfer Magazine in 1980.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "The Good Place __knowledge__ The Good Place is an American fantasy comedy television series created by Michael Schur.", "The Good Place __knowledge__ The series premiered on September 19, 2016, on NBC.", "The Good Place __knowledge__ The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop (Kristen Bell), a woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is introduced by Michael (Ted Danson) to \"The Good Place\", a Heaven-like utopia he designed, in reward for her righteous life.", "The Good Place __knowledge__ She realizes that she was sent there by mistake and must hide her morally imperfect behavior and try to become a better person.", "The Good Place __knowledge__ William Jackson Harper, Jameela Jamil and Manny Jacinto co-star as other residents of \"The Good Place\", together with D'Arcy Carden as Janet, an artificial being helping the inhabitants.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "River surfing __knowledge__ River surfing is the sport of surfing either standing waves or tidal bores in rivers.", "River surfing __knowledge__ Claims for its origins include a 1955 ride of 1.5 miles along the tidal bore of the River Severn.", "River surfing __knowledge__ River surfing on standing waves has been documented as far back as the early-1970s in Munich, Germany, today offering the world's largest urban surfing spot.", "River surfing __knowledge__ In this type of river surfing, the wave is stationary on the river, caused by a high volume of water constricted by flowing over a rock and creating a wave behind.", "River surfing __knowledge__ It is a form of hydraulic jump.", "River surfing __knowledge__ A river surfer can face up-stream and catch this wave and have the feeling of traveling fast over water while not actually moving.", "Hydraulic jump __knowledge__ A hydraulic jump is a phenomenon in the science of hydraulics which is frequently observed in open channel flow such as rivers and spillways.", "Hydraulic jump __knowledge__ When liquid at high velocity discharges into a zone of lower velocity, a rather abrupt rise occurs in the liquid surface.", "Hydraulic jump __knowledge__ The rapidly flowing liquid is abruptly slowed and increases in height, converting some of the flow's initial kinetic energy into an increase in potential energy, with some energy irreversibly lost through turbulence to heat.", "Hydraulic jump __knowledge__ In an open channel flow, this manifests as the fast flow rapidly slowing and piling up on top of itself similar to how a shockwave forms.", "Tidal bore __knowledge__ A tidal bore, often simply given as bore in context, is a tidal phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) of water that travels up a river or narrow bay against the direction of the river or bay's current.", "Tidal bore __knowledge__ Bores occur in relatively few locations worldwide, usually in areas with a large tidal range (typically more than between high and low water) and where incoming tides are funneled into a shallow, narrowing river or lake via a broad bay.", "Tidal bore __knowledge__ The funnel-like shape not only increases the tidal range, but it can also decrease the duration of the flood tide, down to a point where the flood appears as a sudden increase in the water level.", "Standing wave __knowledge__ In physics, a standing wave – also known as a stationary wave – is a wave in which its peaks (or any other point on the wave) do not move spatially.", "Standing wave __knowledge__ The amplitude of the wave at a point in space may vary with time, but its phase remains constant.", "Standing wave __knowledge__ The locations at which the amplitude is minimum are called nodes, and the locations where the amplitude is maximum are called antinodes.", "Standing wave __knowledge__ Standing waves were first noticed by Michael Faraday in 1831.", "Standing wave __knowledge__ Faraday observed standing waves on the surface of a liquid in a vibrating container.", "Standing wave __knowledge__ Franz Melde coined the term \"standing wave\" (German: \"stehende Welle\" or \"Stehwelle\") around 1860 and demonstrated the phenomenon in his classic experiment with vibrating strings.", "Petitcodiac River __knowledge__ The Petitcodiac River , known informally as the Chocolate River, is a Canadian river in south-eastern New Brunswick.", "Petitcodiac River __knowledge__ The river has a meander length of and is located in Westmorland, Albert, and Kings counties, draining a watershed area of about .", "Petitcodiac River __knowledge__ The watershed features valleys, ridges, and rolling hills, and is home to a diverse population of terrestrial and aquatic species.", "Petitcodiac River __knowledge__ Ten named tributaries join the river in its course toward its mouth in Shepody Bay.", "Petitcodiac River __knowledge__ Before the construction of a causeway in 1968, the river had one of the world's largest tidal bores, which ranged from in height and moved at .", "Sea __knowledge__ A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.", "Sea __knowledge__ More broadly, \"the sea\" is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle.", "Sea __knowledge__ Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British \"Challenger\" expedition of the 1870s.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the International Hydrographic Organization's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as \"seas\".", "Bay of Fundy __knowledge__ The Bay of Fundy is a bay between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with a small portion touching the state of Maine.", "Bay of Fundy __knowledge__ It has the highest tidal range in the world.", "Bay of Fundy __knowledge__ The Guinness Book of World Records (1975) declared that Burntcoat Head, Nova Scotia has the highest tides in the world.", "Bay of Fundy __knowledge__ Portions of the Bay of Fundy, Shepody Bay and Minas Basin, form one of six Canadian sites in the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network, and are classified as a \"Hemispheric\" site.", "Bay of Fundy __knowledge__ It is administered by the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and the Canadian Wildlife Service, and is managed in conjunction with Ducks Unlimited Canada and the Nature Conservancy of Canada." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Wakeboarding __knowledge__ World champion Joshua Calitz seen below.", "Wakeboarding __knowledge__ Wakeboarding is a surface water sport which involves riding a wakeboard over the surface of a body of water.", "Wakeboarding __knowledge__ The wakeboard is a small, mostly rectangular, thin board with very little displacement and shoe-like bindings mounted to it.", "Wakeboarding __knowledge__ It was developed from a combination of water skiing, snowboarding, and surfing techniques.", "Wakeboarding __knowledge__ The wakeboard is usually towed behind a motorboat, typically at speeds of 30–40 km/h (18–25 mph), depending on the board size, weight, type of tricks, and comfort.", "Wakeboarding __knowledge__ This speed could also depend on the year, make, and model of the boat because some boats, which are not designed for wakeboarding, create a different size wake in which one may not feel comfortable with.", "33rd Regiment Alabama Infantry __knowledge__ The 33rd Regiment Alabama Infantry was an infantry unit from Alabama that served in the Confederate States Army during the U.S. Civil War.", "33rd Regiment Alabama Infantry __knowledge__ Recruited from the southeastern counties of Butler, Dale, Coffee, Covington, Russell and Montgomery, it saw extensive service with the Confederate Army of Tennessee before being nearly annihilated at the Battle of Franklin in 1864.", "33rd Regiment Alabama Infantry __knowledge__ Survivors from the regiment would continue to serve until the final capitulation of General Joseph Johnston in North Carolina in 1865, though the 33rd had been combined with remnants of three other regiments prior to the surrender.", "Family Game Night (TV series) __knowledge__ Family Game Night is an American television game show based on Hasbro's family of board games and EA's video game franchise of the same name.", "Family Game Night (TV series) __knowledge__ The show is hosted by Todd Newton.", "Family Game Night (TV series) __knowledge__ Burton Richardson announced for the first two seasons, until he was replaced by Stacey J. Aswad for the third season, and then Andrew Kishino beginning in the fourth season.", "Family Game Night (TV series) __knowledge__ The 60-minute program debuted on October 10, 2010 on the new channel, The Hub, formerly Discovery Kids (later Discovery Family on October 13, 2014); it was previewed on October 9, 2010 on its sister channel, TLC.", "Family Game Night (TV series) __knowledge__ Seasons 1 through 3 each contained between 20 and 30 episodes.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Pricing games are featured on the current version of the American game show The Price Is Right.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ The contestant from Contestants' Row who bids closest to the price of a prize without going over wins the prize and has the chance to win additional prizes or cash in an onstage game.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Prior to expanding to one hour in length, three games per episode were played during the half-hour format.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ With the exception of a single game from early in the show's history, only one contestant at a time is involved in a pricing game.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Wave pool __knowledge__ A wave pool is a swimming pool in which there are artificially generated, reasonably large waves, similar to those of the ocean.", "Wave pool __knowledge__ Wave pools are often a major feature of water parks.", "Wave pool __knowledge__ Siam Park City Water Park in Thailand is home to the world's largest wave pool certified by Guinness World Records, and Siam Park (Tenerife) in Spain is home to the biggest man made waves (about 3 meters (9.8 ft)) in the world.", "Wave pool __knowledge__ Several locations claim to have developed the first wave pool in the United States, including Big Surf in Tempe, Arizona, in 1969, and Point Mallard Park's Aquatic Center, in the city of Decatur, Alabama.", "Surf break __knowledge__ A surf break (also break, shore break, or big wave break) is a permanent (or semi permanent) obstruction such as a coral reef, rock, shoal, or headland that causes a wave to break, forming a barreling wave or other wave that can be surfed, before it eventually collapses.", "Surf break __knowledge__ The topography of the seabed determines the shape of the wave and type of break.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Since shoals can change size and location, affecting the break, it takes commitment and skill to find good breaks.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Some surf breaks are quite dangerous, since the surfer can collide with a reef or rocks below the water.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Surf breaks may be defended vehemently by surfers, as human activities and constructions can have unintended and unpredictable consequences which can be either positive, negative, or unknown.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Artificial waves are man-made waves usually created on a specially designed surface or in a pool.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Surface waves can be created by any moving object displacing fluid: turbine blades, paddles, a hand, a flung stone, etc.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Each pulse of water (or crest) pushed outward from the disturbance leaves a space (or trough) behind it which causes another, smaller pulse to follow: thus a thrown stone's single impact causes a series of ripples.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Larger waves can be built up if a series of movements are timed to reinforce waves' motion, much like a person sliding back and forth in a bathtub.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Boundaries and obstacles also shape waves by concentrating or dissipating some of the wave's energy.", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ Water World is a water park that is part of the Hyland Hills Park and Recreation District and located in Federal Heights, Colorado, roughly north of downtown Denver, Colorado.", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ The park first opened in 1979 with the first two waterslides in the state of Colorado (The Bonzai Pipeline).", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ Water World is generally open from Memorial Day through Labor Day, but may be closed some school days.", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ The park occupies , making it one of America's largest water theme parks.", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ , the park has 49 attractions including a multitude of water slides, a \"lazy river\" (a circular artificial river with a slow moving current), inflatable tube rides, multi-guest inflatable raft rides, and a water-themed fun house which offers gondola access from the top of the park.", "Artificial intelligence __knowledge__ Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is intelligence displayed by machines, in contrast with the natural intelligence (NI) displayed by humans and other animals.", "Artificial intelligence __knowledge__ In computer science AI research is defined as the study of \"intelligent agents\": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at some goal.", "Artificial intelligence __knowledge__ Colloquially, the term \"artificial intelligence\" is applied when a machine mimics \"cognitive\" functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as \"learning\" and \"problem solving\".", "Artificial intelligence __knowledge__ See glossary of artificial intelligence.", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 2, 3, 50 ]

[ "Yes it can be quite fun! Surfing is a popular water sport and surfers like to catch moving waves which carry the surfer towards shore. It can be an exciting feeling riding the waves!", "In general surfing is usually done in the ocean, but you can actually surf in rivers and lakes as well. One of my favorite places for that is San Diego!", "There are sometimes standing waves or tidal bores that can also occur in lakes and rivers surprisingly enough. ", "You also have another option as a beginner. You can use artificial waves made by a machine in wave pools. ", "If it helps, wave pools are often found in water parks, there might be one near you that you can try. " ]

[ "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing" ]

[ "Yoga", "I do yoga by myself. I don't go to classes. It's healthy to stretch with yoga. what do you know about yoga?", "Interesting. I'm wondering how many yoga schools exist in the United states? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali are 196 Indian sutras (aphorisms).", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras\" were compiled prior to 400 CE by Sage Patanjali, taking materials about yoga from older traditions.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali\" was the most translated ancient Indian text in the medieval era, having been translated into about forty Indian languages and two non-Indian languages: Old Javanese and Arabic.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The text fell into obscurity for nearly 700 years from the 12th to 19th century, and made a comeback in late 19th century due to the efforts of Swami Vivekananda, the Theosophical Society and others.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ It gained prominence again as a comeback classic in the 20th century.", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ Raja yogas are \"Shubha\" ('auspicious') \"yogas\" that give success and a grand rise in career or business, and a greater degree of financial prosperity particularly during the \"dasha\" of the planets that give rise to \"Raja yogas\".", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ However, these results get adversely modified by the presence of other \"Ashubha\" ('inauspicious') \"Arista yogas\".", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ Basically, the Yoga or Raja yoga-causing planets during the course of their respective dashas confer their most auspicious results if they happen to own the lagna-bhava (the Ascendant) or the Suta-bhava (the 5th house) or the Bhagyasthana (the 9th house); the person remains healthy, wealthy, happy and successful enjoying yoga and Raja yoga results in case the lagna, the 3rd, the 6th, the 8th, the 9th and the 12th houses counted from the lagna are also not occupied by any planet, and the kendras (quadrants) are occupied only by benefic planets.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The Yoga Yajnavalkya (, \"Yoga-Yājñavalkya\") is a classical Hindu yoga text in the Sanskrit language.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text is written in the form of a male-female dialogue between the sage Yajnavalkya and Gargi.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text consists of 12 chapters and contains 504 verses.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ Like Patanjali's \"Yogasutras\", the \"Yoga Yajnavalkya\" describes the eight components of yoga; however, it has different goals.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text contains additional material that is not found in \"Yogasutras\", such as the concept of \"kundalini\".", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Yajnavalkya\" contains one of the most comprehensive discussion of yoga components such as the \"Pranayama\", \"Pratyahara\" \"Dhyana\", and \"Dharana\".", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation can be defined as a practice where an individual focuses his or her mind on a particular object, thought or activity to achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm state.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation may be used to reduce stress, anxiety, depression, and pain.", "Meditation __knowledge__ It may be done while sitting, repeating a mantra, and closing the eyes in a quiet environment.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation has been practiced since antiquity in numerous religious traditions and beliefs.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Since the 19th century, it has spread from its Asian origins to Western cultures where it is commonly practiced in private and business life.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation is under psychological, neurological, and cardiovascular research to define its possible health effects.", "Kundalini __knowledge__ Kundalini (Sanskrit: \"\", , \"coiled one\"), in the concept of Dharma, refers to a form of primal energy (or \"shakti\") said to be located at the base of the spine.", "Kundalini __knowledge__ Writer Joseph Campbell describes the concept of Kundalini as \"the figure of a coiled female serpent—a serpent goddess not of \"gross\" but \"subtle\" substance—which is to be thought of as residing in a torpid, slumbering state in a subtle center, the first of the seven, near the base of the spine: the aim of the yoga then being to rouse this serpent, lift her head, and bring her up a subtle nerve or channel of the spine to the so-called \"thousand-petaled lotus\" (Sahasrara) at the crown of the head...She, rising from the lowest to the highest lotus center will pass through and wake the five between, and with each waking, the psychology and personality of the practitioner will be altogether and fundamentally transformed.\"", "Secular spirituality __knowledge__ Secular spirituality is the adherence to a spiritual philosophy without adherence to a religion.", "Secular spirituality __knowledge__ Secular spirituality emphasizes the personal development of the individual, rather than a relationship with the divine.", "Secular spirituality __knowledge__ Secular spirituality is made up of the search for meaning outside of a religious institution; it considers one's relationship with the self, others, nature, and whatever else one considers to be the ultimate.", "Secular spirituality __knowledge__ Often, the goal of secular spirituality is living happily and/or helping others.", "Secular spirituality __knowledge__ According to Robert C. Solomon, an American Professor of Philosophy, \"spirituality is coextensive with religion and it is not incompatible with or opposed to science or the scientific outlook." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.", "Yogamaharishi Swami Gitananda __knowledge__ Yogamaharishi Dr Swami Gitananda Giri Guru Maharaj was born on 24 July 1907, in Maharajganj, northern India, to an Irish mother and a Sindhi father.", "Yogamaharishi Swami Gitananda __knowledge__ His father, Sukraj Bhavanani, was a High court Advocate in the Patna High Court and an extensive landowner.", "Yogamaharishi Swami Gitananda __knowledge__ His mother Leelavathi was converted to Hinduism through the Arya Samaj rites.", "Yogamaharishi Swami Gitananda __knowledge__ Yogamaharishi received his early schooling at home from his mother.", "Yogamaharishi Swami Gitananda __knowledge__ Tragically, his mother died when he was but eight years of age.", "Yogamaharishi Swami Gitananda __knowledge__ When he was ten years, his Guru, the great Siddha and Master, Yogamaharishi Swami Kanakananda Bhrigu, (Ram Gopal Majumdar) entered his life.", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ Hot yoga refers to yoga exercises performed under hot and humid conditions.", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ From the 1970s through approximately 2010, Bikram Yoga - the only major yoga tradition at that time to add heat and humidity - was known as \"hot yoga\".", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ However, from approximately 2012 onward, many unrelated yoga-inspired exercise and fitness trends also began labelling themselves \"hot yoga\".", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ Although traditionally associated with the style devised by Bikram Choudhury, \"hot yoga\" is now used to describe any number of yoga or yoga-inspired fitness styles that use heat.", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ The heat in Bikram Yoga is used to increase the \"tourniquet effect\", to train the mind, and to improve circulation to the joints.", "Yoga (philosophy) __knowledge__ Yoga philosophy is one of the six major orthodox schools of Hinduism.", "Yoga (philosophy) __knowledge__ Ancient, medieval and most modern literature often refers to the Yoga school of Hinduism simply as \"Yoga\".", "Yoga (philosophy) __knowledge__ It is closely related to the Samkhya school of Hinduism.", "Yoga (philosophy) __knowledge__ The Yoga school's systematic studies to better oneself physically, mentally and spiritually has influenced all other schools of Indian philosophy.", "Yoga (philosophy) __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" is a key text of the Yoga school of Hinduism.", "Yoga (philosophy) __knowledge__ The epistemology of the Yoga school of Hinduism, like the Sāmkhya school, relies on three of six \"Pramanas\" as the means of gaining reliable knowledge.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali are 196 Indian sutras (aphorisms).", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras\" were compiled prior to 400 CE by Sage Patanjali, taking materials about yoga from older traditions.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali\" was the most translated ancient Indian text in the medieval era, having been translated into about forty Indian languages and two non-Indian languages: Old Javanese and Arabic.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The text fell into obscurity for nearly 700 years from the 12th to 19th century, and made a comeback in late 19th century due to the efforts of Swami Vivekananda, the Theosophical Society and others.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ It gained prominence again as a comeback classic in the 20th century.", "Moksha __knowledge__ Moksha (, \"\"), also called vimoksha, vimukti and mukti, is a term in Hinduism and Hindu philosophy which refers to various forms of emancipation, liberation, and release.", "Moksha __knowledge__ In its soteriological and eschatological senses, it refers to freedom from \"saṃsāra\", the cycle of death and rebirth.", "Moksha __knowledge__ In its epistemological and psychological senses, \"moksha\" refers to freedom from ignorance: self-realization and self-knowledge.", "Moksha __knowledge__ In Hindu traditions, \"moksha\" is a central concept and included as one of the four aspects and goals of human life; the other three goals are \"dharma\" (virtuous, proper, moral life), \"artha\" (material prosperity, income security, means of life), and \"kama\" (pleasure, sensuality, emotional fulfillment).", "Babacar Khane __knowledge__ Babacar Khane (born January 2, 1935), also known as Yogi Khane, Yogi Babacar Khane and Maître Khane, is a practitioner of yoga, author, and mystical poet.", "Babacar Khane __knowledge__ His work has focused on the diffusion of yoga in Europe and its introduction into medical treatments.", "Babacar Khane __knowledge__ He founded the International Yoga Institute and an international yoga teacher training school, active now in Africa, America, Asia and Europe.", "Babacar Khane __knowledge__ He introduced a new way of teaching yoga based on Indian Hatha yoga asanas, Egyptian postures and Chinese exercises attributed by the Shaolin monks to Bodhidharma.", "Babacar Khane __knowledge__ He is one proponent of \"Egyptian yoga\", a branch of yoga based on the observation of the ancient-Egyptian art.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Yoga is a group of physical mental, and spiritual practices. Do you do yoga?", "I think yoga is a fine way to exercise, there are a lot of different ways to do yoga, from a broad variety of yoga schools.", "I'm not sure but I know the most well known types of yoga is hatha yoga." ]

[ "Yoga", "Yoga", "Yoga" ]

[ "Bathroom singing", "I sing in the shower, in the car, in my room! What do you like to sing?", "I love Breaking Benjamin! I grew up on the Halo series and they did a song for the second one called \"Blow Me Away\"" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Bathroom singing, also known as singing in the bathroom, singing in the bath, or singing in the shower, is a widespread phenomenon.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Many people sing in the bathroom because the hard wall surfaces, often tiles or wooden panels, and lack of soft furnishings, create an aurally pleasing acoustic environment.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ The multiple reflections from walls enrich the sound of one's voice.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Small dimensions and hard surfaces of a typical bathroom produce various kinds of standing waves, reverberation and echoes, giving the voice \"fullness and depth.\"", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ This habit was reported (with an attempt of explanations) centuries ago.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ For example, Ibn Khaldun in Chapter 1 of his \"Muqaddimah\" writes: The bathroom singer is an ironic reference to mediocre or amateur singers.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Jon Anderson had tiles installed in the studio, to simulate the echo effect of one's vocals in a bathroom.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ This effect was not used only by singers.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Paul Simon wrote: \"Weird Al\" Yankovic in fact in 1979 recorded his first single, \"My Bologna,\" in the bathroom across from the California Polytechnic State University student radio station where he was DJing at the time.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ \"There's More to Life Than This\", the fourth track on Björk's 1993 album \"Debut\", was recorded live in the toilets of the Milk Bar clubnight, London." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Bathroom singing, also known as singing in the bathroom, singing in the bath, or singing in the shower, is a widespread phenomenon.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Many people sing in the bathroom because the hard wall surfaces, often tiles or wooden panels, and lack of soft furnishings, create an aurally pleasing acoustic environment.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ The multiple reflections from walls enrich the sound of one's voice.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Small dimensions and hard surfaces of a typical bathroom produce various kinds of standing waves, reverberation and echoes, giving the voice \"fullness and depth.\"", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ This habit was reported (with an attempt of explanations) centuries ago.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ For example, Ibn Khaldun in Chapter 1 of his \"Muqaddimah\" writes: The bathroom singer is an ironic reference to mediocre or amateur singers.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Jon Anderson had tiles installed in the studio, to simulate the echo effect of one's vocals in a bathroom.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ This effect was not used only by singers.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Paul Simon wrote: \"Weird Al\" Yankovic in fact in 1979 recorded his first single, \"My Bologna,\" in the bathroom across from the California Polytechnic State University student radio station where he was DJing at the time.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ \"There's More to Life Than This\", the fourth track on Björk's 1993 album \"Debut\", was recorded live in the toilets of the Milk Bar clubnight, London.", "Psycho (1960 film) __knowledge__ Psycho is a 1960 American psychological horror film directed and produced by Alfred Hitchcock, and written by Joseph Stefano, starring Anthony Perkins, Janet Leigh, John Gavin, Vera Miles and Martin Balsam, and was based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Robert Bloch.", "Psycho (1960 film) __knowledge__ The film centers on the encounter between a secretary, Marion Crane (Leigh), who ends up at a secluded motel after stealing money from her employer, and the motel's disturbed owner-manager, Norman Bates (Perkins), and its aftermath.", "Psycho (1960 film) __knowledge__ \"Psycho\" was seen as a departure from Hitchcock's previous film \"North by Northwest\", having been filmed on a low budget, with a television crew and in black and white.", "Household __knowledge__ A household consists of one or more people who live in the same dwelling and also share meals or living accommodation, and may consist of a single family or some other grouping of people.", "Household __knowledge__ A single dwelling will be considered to contain multiple households if either meals or living space are not shared.", "Household __knowledge__ The household is the basic unit of analysis in many social, microeconomic and government models, and is important to the fields of economics and inheritance.", "Household __knowledge__ Household models include the family, varieties of blended families, share housing, group homes, boarding houses, houses in multiple occupation (UK), and a single room occupancy (US).", "Shower __knowledge__ The original showers were neither indoor structures nor man-made but were common natural formations: waterfalls.", "Shower __knowledge__ The falling water rinsed the bathers completely clean and was more efficient than bathing in a traditional basin, which required manual transport of both fresh and waste water.", "Shower __knowledge__ Ancient people began to reproduce these natural phenomena by pouring jugs of water, often very cold, over themselves after washing.", "Shower __knowledge__ There has been evidence of early upper class Egyptian and Mesopotamians having indoor shower rooms where servants would bathe them in the privacy of their own homes.", "Shower __knowledge__ However, these were rudimentary by modern standards, having rudimentary drainage systems and water was carried, not pumped, into the room.", "Psycho (franchise) __knowledge__ Psycho is an American horror franchise consisting of six films loosely based on the \"Psycho\" novels by Robert Bloch, namely \"Psycho\", \"Psycho II\", \"Psycho III\", \"Bates Motel\", \"\", the 1998 remake of the original film, and additional merchandise spanning various media.", "Psycho (franchise) __knowledge__ The first film, \"Psycho\", was directed by filmmaker Alfred Hitchcock.", "Psycho (franchise) __knowledge__ Subsequently, another film related to the series was made: an Alfred Hitchcock biopic.", "Psycho (franchise) __knowledge__ Also, an independent documentary called \"The Psycho Legacy\" was released on October 19, 2010.", "Psycho (franchise) __knowledge__ It mostly focused on \"Psycho II\", \"Psycho III\" and \"\", but did cover the impact and legacy of the original film.", "Eastern Lombard grammar __knowledge__ The Eastern Lombard Grammar reflects the main features of Romance languages: the word order of Eastern Lombard is usually SVO, nouns are inflected in number, adjectives agree in number and gender with the nouns, verbs are conjugated in tenses, aspects and moods and agree with the subject in number and person.", "Eastern Lombard grammar __knowledge__ The case system is present only for the weak form of the pronoun.", "Eastern Lombard grammar __knowledge__ Eastern Lombard has always been a spoken language and, in spite of sporadic attempts to fix the main features in a written grammar, a unique canonical variety has never prevailed over the others.", "Eastern Lombard grammar __knowledge__ The present day situation sees a large number of varieties, roughly identifiable by the area where a particular variety is spoken (so, you may encounter a Bergamasque, Brescian, a Camunic variety, etc.).", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph.", "Bathroom __knowledge__ A bathroom is a room in the home for personal hygiene activities, generally containing a sink (basin) and either a bathtub, a shower, or both.", "Bathroom __knowledge__ In some countries, the toilet is included in this room, for ease of plumbing, whereas other cultures consider this insanitary, and give that fixture a room of its own.", "Bathroom __knowledge__ Historically, bathing was often a collective activity, which took place in public baths.", "Bathroom __knowledge__ In some countries the shared social aspect of cleansing the body is still important, as for example with \"sento\" in Japan, saunas in Finland, and the \"Turkish bath\" (also known by other names) throughout the Islamic world." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Bathroom singing, also known as singing in the bathroom, singing in the bath, or singing in the shower, is a widespread phenomenon.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Many people sing in the bathroom because the hard wall surfaces, often tiles or wooden panels, and lack of soft furnishings, create an aurally pleasing acoustic environment.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ The multiple reflections from walls enrich the sound of one's voice.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Small dimensions and hard surfaces of a typical bathroom produce various kinds of standing waves, reverberation and echoes, giving the voice \"fullness and depth.\"", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ This habit was reported (with an attempt of explanations) centuries ago.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ For example, Ibn Khaldun in Chapter 1 of his \"Muqaddimah\" writes: The bathroom singer is an ironic reference to mediocre or amateur singers.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Jon Anderson had tiles installed in the studio, to simulate the echo effect of one's vocals in a bathroom.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ This effect was not used only by singers.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ Paul Simon wrote: \"Weird Al\" Yankovic in fact in 1979 recorded his first single, \"My Bologna,\" in the bathroom across from the California Polytechnic State University student radio station where he was DJing at the time.", "Bathroom singing __knowledge__ \"There's More to Life Than This\", the fourth track on Björk's 1993 album \"Debut\", was recorded live in the toilets of the Milk Bar clubnight, London.", "Breaking Benjamin __knowledge__ Breaking Benjamin is an American rock band from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, founded in 1999 by lead singer and guitarist Benjamin Burnley and drummer Jeremy Hummel.", "Breaking Benjamin __knowledge__ The first lineup of the band also included guitarist Aaron Fink and bassist Mark Klepaski.", "Breaking Benjamin __knowledge__ This lineup released two albums, \"Saturate\" (2002) and \"We Are Not Alone\" (2004), before Hummel was replaced by Chad Szeliga in 2005.", "Breaking Benjamin __knowledge__ The band released two more studio albums, \"Phobia\" (2006) and \"Dear Agony\" (2009), before entering an extended hiatus in early 2010 due to Burnley's recurring illnesses.", "Breaking Benjamin __knowledge__ The release of a compilation album amid the hiatus, \"\" (2011), unauthorized by Burnley, brought about legal trouble within the band resulting in the dismissal of Fink and Klepaski.", "Benjamin Burnley __knowledge__ Benjamin Jackson \"Ben\" Burnley IV (born March 10, 1978) is an American musician, composer, and record producer, best known as the founder and frontman of the American rock band Breaking Benjamin.", "Benjamin Burnley __knowledge__ As the sole constant of the group, Burnley has served as its principal songwriter, lead vocalist, and guitarist since its inception in 1999.", "Benjamin Burnley __knowledge__ Since signing with Hollywood Records in 2002, Burnley has composed five studio albums under the name Breaking Benjamin, three of which have reached platinum and one of which has reached gold in the United States.", "Benjamin Burnley __knowledge__ Outside of Breaking Benjamin, Burnley has also collaborated with acts such as Adam Gontier and Red.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ Recurring characters of \"Halo\" are organized below by their respective factions in the fictional universe.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ The multimedia franchise's central story revolves around an interstellar war between future humanity under the auspices of the United Nations Space Command or UNSC, and an alien theocratic alliance known as the Covenant.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ The artifacts left behind by an ancient race known as the Forerunner play a central role, particularly the massive weapons, dubbed Halos, built to contain the parasitic Flood.", "Characters of Halo __knowledge__ Beginning with developer Bungie's 2001 video game \"\", the franchise expanded to include numerous sequel video games, novels, comics, and other works.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ Halo is a military science fiction first-person shooter video game franchise created by Bungie and now managed and developed by 343 Industries, a subsidiary of Microsoft Studios.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The series centers on an interstellar war between humanity and a theocratic alliance of aliens known as the Covenant.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The Covenant, led by their religious leaders called the Prophets, worship an ancient civilization known as the Forerunners, who perished in combat with the parasitic Flood.", "Halo (series) __knowledge__ The central focus of the franchise builds off the experiences of Master Chief John-117, one of a group of supersoldiers codenamed Spartans, and his artificial intelligence (AI) companion, Cortana.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ Fictional military aircraft are imagined military aircraft which are used in fiction, in its various media, but do not exist in the real world.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ These aircraft may be conjectured variants of real-world aircraft or they may be completely fabricated by the author.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ Some may be physically impossible.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ The Allied Nations' Black Eagles are high-speed VTOL jets used mostly by The Republic of Korea in .", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ Black Eagles feature forward-swept wings but otherwise resemble a Harrier Jump Jet.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ They are loaded with powerful missiles used for engaging surface targets.", "List of fictional military aircraft __knowledge__ Black Eagles are usually painted black in reference to their name.", "Shallow Bay: The Best of Breaking Benjamin __knowledge__ Shallow Bay: The Best of Breaking Benjamin is the first greatest hits album by American alternative metal band Breaking Benjamin, released on August 16, 2011 by Hollywood Records.", "Shallow Bay: The Best of Breaking Benjamin __knowledge__ The album features every single released by the band from 2002's \"Saturate\" to 2009's \"Dear Agony\", with the exception of the 2010 digital single version of \"Blow Me Away\"; instead featuring the remix of that track featuring vocals of Sydnee Duran of Valora.", "Shallow Bay: The Best of Breaking Benjamin __knowledge__ A two-disc deluxe version was released alongside it, featuring remastered versions of b-sides, covers, acoustic performances, live recordings, and other rarities.", "Halo 2 Original Soundtrack __knowledge__ The Halo 2 Original Soundtrack is the soundtrack for Bungie's 2004 video game \"Halo 2\".", "Halo 2 Original Soundtrack __knowledge__ The soundtrack was released as two separate volumes, released almost two years apart.", "Halo 2 Original Soundtrack __knowledge__ \"Volume 1\", released at the same time as \"Halo 2\" on November 9, 2004, contains arranged instrumental pieces written by Martin O'Donnell and his partner Michael Salvatori, as well as \"inspired-by\" tracks from bands Incubus, Hoobastank and Breaking Benjamin.", "Halo 2 Original Soundtrack __knowledge__ \"Volume 2\" was released on April 25, 2006 and contains all the game music arranged in a suite form.", "Halo 2 Original Soundtrack __knowledge__ O'Donnell, who had previously composed the music for Bungie games such as \"Myth\" and \"\", sought to develop the \"\"Halo\" sound\" of the previous game as well as introduce new sounds and influences to the music.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ Misogyny in rap music refers to lyrics, videos or other aspects of rap music that support, glorify, justify, or normalize the objectification, exploitation, or victimization of women.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ It can range from innuendoes to stereotypical characterizations and defamations.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ Scholars have proposed various explanations for the presence of misogyny in rap music.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ Some have argued that rap artists use misogynistic lyrics and portrayals of women as a way to assert their masculinity or to demonstrate their authenticity as rappers.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ Others have suggested that rap music is a product of its environment, reflecting mainstream attitudes toward women, and that rap artists have internalized negative stereotypes about women.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Acoustic Sounds, Inc. __knowledge__ Acoustic Sounds, Inc. is a mail-order business specializing in the sale of audiophile vinyl LPs, Direct Stream Digital/PCM downloads (SuperHiRez.com), SACDs, Reel-To-Reel album reissues (Analogue Productions Ultra Tape), DVD-Audios, high-quality CDs and high-end stereo equipment.", "Acoustic Sounds, Inc. __knowledge__ Located in Salina, Kansas, United States.", "Acoustic Sounds, Inc. __knowledge__ The business is owned and operated by Chad Kassem and as of 2016 employed 98 people.", "Acoustic Sounds, Inc. __knowledge__ Kassem started Acoustic Sounds in 1986, initially running it solo out of a two-bedroom apartment.", "Acoustic Sounds, Inc. __knowledge__ Precisely when CDs were being introduced to the public and people were dumping their LP records in favor of CDs, Kassem was purchasing collectible high-quality LPs and then reselling them via buy-sell-and-trade advertisements in various record collector and audiophile magazines.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "European hip hop __knowledge__ European hip hop is hip hop music created by European musicians.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop is a style of music developed by African American and Caribbean communities in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Due to this success, it has gained worldwide popularity, especially in Europe where many diverse and unique styles of hip hop have been created.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ This diversity is especially apparent in the forms of hip hop music and culture emanating from settler communities from Europe's former colonies and peripheries.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ In Denmark, Hip Hop rap music has been growing steadily more popular over the last fifteen years and began with Danish language acts such as MC Einar and Rockers by Choice, later on: less knowned Rip Rap & Rock, Flopstarz, Humleridderne and Faktaposen, The Danish way of doing rap music was topped in the 80's towards acceptance among the common people who did not listen to any rap music was with a rap song called: \"Rap Nu\" by the famed and beloved old Danish football commentator: Gunnar \"Nu\" Hansen." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 14 ]

[ "Do you engage in bathroom singing? I sing in the shower all the time, although my family do not lie it very much", "I like to sing because of the acoustic sounds it makes, the tiles help. I sing rock or rap music, Breaking Benjamin often gets caught in my head", "Yes! They are my favorite, Blow me away is my all time favorite song, as it was my intro to them, but Dear agaony in 2009 is my favorite album ever" ]

[ "Bathroom singing", "Bathroom singing", "Bathroom singing" ]

[ "The New Yorker\nIve been wanting to read more of the new yorker magazine but I dont know too much about it, Is it worth it? ", "Oh neat! I guess its full of all kinds of content then, How much is a monthly subscription? ", "Wow 47 times!! that sounds amazing, That must me like 3 magazines a month, When did they start making The New Yorker? Has it been around for very long? ", "Amazing, I had no idea, What other cool things can you tell me about The New Yorker? I am already pretty convinced to get a subscription. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ The New Yorker is an American magazine of reportage, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ It is published by Condé Nast.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Started as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is now published 47 times annually, with five of these issues covering two-week spans.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Although its reviews and events listings often focus on the cultural life of New York City, \"The New Yorker\" has a wide audience outside New York and is read internationally.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ It is well known for its illustrated and often topical covers, its commentaries on popular culture and eccentric Americana, its attention to modern fiction by the inclusion of short stories and literary reviews, its rigorous fact checking and copyediting, its journalism on politics and social issues, and its single-panel cartoons sprinkled throughout each issue.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ \"The New Yorker\" debuted on February 21, 1925.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ It was founded by Harold Ross and his wife, Jane Grant, a \"New York Times\" reporter.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Ross wanted to create a sophisticated humor magazine that would be different from perceivably \"corny\" humor publications such as \"Judge\", where he had worked, or \"Life\".", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Ross partnered with entrepreneur Raoul H. Fleischmann (who founded the General Baking Company) to establish the F-R Publishing Company.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ The Chrysler New Yorker is an automobile model which was produced by Chrysler from 1940 to 1996, serving for several years as the brand's flagship model.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ A trim level named the \"New York Special\" first appeared in 1938 and the \"New Yorker\" name debuted in 1939.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ Until its discontinuation in 1996, the New Yorker had made its mark as the longest-running American car nameplate.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ The New Yorker name helped define the Chrysler brand as a maker of upscale models, priced and equipped above mainstream brands like Ford, Chevrolet/Pontiac, and Dodge/Plymouth, but below full luxury brands like Cadillac, Lincoln and Packard.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Sir Jonathan Paul \"Jony\" Ive, (born 27 February 1967), is an English industrial designer who is currently the chief design officer (CDO) of Apple and chancellor of the Royal College of Art in London.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ While working for a design firm in London he was asked by Apple, then a struggling company, to create a look for a new laptop.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ He took the design to Apple and was hired immediately.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive oversees the Apple Industrial Design Group and also provides leadership and direction for Human Interface software teams across the company.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive is the designer of many of Apple's hardware and software products.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive has received a number of accolades for his work.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Jerome David Salinger (; January 1, 1919 January 27, 2010) was an American writer known for his widely-read novel \"The Catcher in the Rye\".", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Following his early success publishing short stories and \"The Catcher in the Rye\", Salinger led a very private life for more than a half-century.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ He published his final original work in 1965 and gave his last interview in 1980.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Salinger was raised in Manhattan and began writing short stories while in secondary school.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Several were published in \"Story\" magazine in the early 1940s before he began serving in World War II.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ In 1948, his critically acclaimed story \"A Perfect Day for Bananafish\" appeared in \"The New Yorker\" magazine, which became home to much of his later work.", "Pauline Kael __knowledge__ Pauline Kael (; June 19, 1919 – September 3, 2001) was an American film critic who wrote for \"The New Yorker\" magazine from 1968 to 1991.", "Pauline Kael __knowledge__ Kael was known for her \"witty, biting, highly opinionated and sharply focused\" reviews, her opinions often contrary to those of her contemporaries.", "Pauline Kael __knowledge__ She was one of the most influential American film critics of her day.", "Pauline Kael __knowledge__ She left a lasting impression on many other prominent film critics.", "Pauline Kael __knowledge__ Roger Ebert argued in an obituary that Kael \"had a more positive influence on the climate for film in America than any other single person over the last three decades\".", "Pauline Kael __knowledge__ The critic, he said, \"had no theory, no rules, no guidelines, no objective standards.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "John McNulty (journalist) __knowledge__ John Augustine McNulty (1895-1956) was a U.S. journalist and author.", "John McNulty (journalist) __knowledge__ John McNulty is a major figure in the development of the genre of literary journalism.", "John McNulty (journalist) __knowledge__ It is the University of Massachusetts Amherst’s Prof. Sims who credits Joseph Mitchell, John McNulty and other short piece writers at Harold Ross’ designedly succoring The New Yorker magazine with evolving an early 20th-century reformer news writer's practice into a separate literary genre.", "John McNulty (journalist) __knowledge__ In his seminal work \"Literary Journalism in the 20th Century\", Norman Sims traces the roots of literary journalism to journalist reformers efforts to make their news reports so poignant as to compel others to undertake corrective social actions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ The New Yorker is an American magazine of reportage, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ It is published by Condé Nast.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Started as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is now published 47 times annually, with five of these issues covering two-week spans.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Although its reviews and events listings often focus on the cultural life of New York City, \"The New Yorker\" has a wide audience outside New York and is read internationally.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ It is well known for its illustrated and often topical covers, its commentaries on popular culture and eccentric Americana, its attention to modern fiction by the inclusion of short stories and literary reviews, its rigorous fact checking and copyediting, its journalism on politics and social issues, and its single-panel cartoons sprinkled throughout each issue.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ \"The New Yorker\" debuted on February 21, 1925.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ It was founded by Harold Ross and his wife, Jane Grant, a \"New York Times\" reporter.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Ross wanted to create a sophisticated humor magazine that would be different from perceivably \"corny\" humor publications such as \"Judge\", where he had worked, or \"Life\".", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Ross partnered with entrepreneur Raoul H. Fleischmann (who founded the General Baking Company) to establish the F-R Publishing Company.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production as well as online distribution.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Los Gatos, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflix's founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental service.", "Subscription box __knowledge__ A subscription box is a recurring delivery of niche products.", "Subscription box __knowledge__ Subscription boxes are a marketing strategy and a method of product distribution.", "Subscription box __knowledge__ Subscription boxes are used by subscription based ecommerce businesses, referred to as \"subcom\" for short, which follow a subscription business model.", "Subscription box __knowledge__ They target a wide range of customers and cater to a variety of specific needs and interests.", "Subscription box __knowledge__ The subscription box industry is small, so there exists minimal data.", "Subscription box __knowledge__ It is estimated that there are 400 to 600 different kinds of subscription boxes in the United States alone and more overseas.", "Subscription box __knowledge__ Subscriptions vary in both cost and frequency, making them more accessible to a greater range of customers with different socioeconomic backgrounds.", "The Elder Scrolls Online __knowledge__ The Elder Scrolls Online is a massively multiplayer online role-playing (MMORPG) video game developed by ZeniMax Online Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks.", "The Elder Scrolls Online __knowledge__ It was originally released for Microsoft Windows and OS X in April 2014.", "The Elder Scrolls Online __knowledge__ It is a part of \"The Elder Scrolls\" series, of which it is the first multiplayer installment.", "The Elder Scrolls Online __knowledge__ As with other games in \"The Elder Scrolls\" franchise, the game is set in the continent of Tamriel and features a storyline indirectly connected with the other games.", "The Elder Scrolls Online __knowledge__ \"The Elder Scrolls Online\" had been in development for seven years before its release in 2014.", "The Elder Scrolls Online __knowledge__ It initially received mixed reviews, but these improved significantly with the re-release and rebranding as \"The Elder Scrolls Online: Tamriel Unlimited\", with critics praising the changes.", "Star Trek Online __knowledge__ Star Trek Online is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) developed by Cryptic Studios based on the \"Star Trek\" series created by Gene Roddenberry.", "Star Trek Online __knowledge__ The game is set in the 25th century, 30 years after the events of \"\".", "Star Trek Online __knowledge__ \"Star Trek Online\" is the first massively multiplayer online role-playing game within the \"Star Trek\" franchise and was released for the Microsoft Windows platform in February 2010.", "Star Trek Online __knowledge__ At launch, the game required a game purchase and a recurring monthly fee.", "Star Trek Online __knowledge__ In January 2012, it relaunched with a tier of free-to-play access available.", "Star Trek Online __knowledge__ After a public beta testing period, a completed version of the game was released for OS X in March 2014.", "HBO __knowledge__ Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc.", "HBO __knowledge__ Programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with made-for-cable movies and documentaries, boxing matches, and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service (basic or premium) in the United States, having been in operation since November 8, 1972.", "HBO __knowledge__ In 2016, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.93 billion, compared to the US$1.88 billion it accrued in 2015.", "Sky UK __knowledge__ Sky UK (formerly British Sky Broadcasting Limited, BSkyB and Sky) is a telecommunications company which serves the United Kingdom.", "Sky UK __knowledge__ Sky provides television and broadband internet services, fixed line and mobile telephone services to consumers and businesses in the United Kingdom.", "Sky UK __knowledge__ It is the UK's largest pay-TV broadcaster with 11 million customers as of 2015.", "Sky UK __knowledge__ It was the UK's most popular digital TV service until it was overtaken by Freeview in April 2007.", "Sky UK __knowledge__ Its corporate headquarters are in Isleworth.", "Sky UK __knowledge__ Formed in November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, Sky became the UK's largest digital subscription television company.", "Anarchy Online __knowledge__ Anarchy Online is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) published and developed by Norwegian video game development company Funcom.", "Anarchy Online __knowledge__ Released in the summer of 2001, the game was the first in the genre to include a science-fiction setting, dynamic quests, instancing, free trials, and in-game advertising.", "Anarchy Online __knowledge__ The game's ongoing storyline revolves around the fictional desert planet \"Rubi-Ka\", the source of a valuable mineral known as \"Notum\".", "Anarchy Online __knowledge__ Players assume the role of a new colonist to Rubi-Ka.", "Anarchy Online __knowledge__ With no specific objective to win \"Anarchy Online\", the player advances the game through the improvement of a character's skills over time.", "Satire __knowledge__ Satire is a genre of literature, and sometimes graphic and performing arts, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement.", "Satire __knowledge__ Although satire is usually meant to be humorous, its greater purpose is often constructive social criticism, using wit to draw attention to both particular and wider issues in society.", "Satire __knowledge__ A feature of satire is strong irony or sarcasm—\"in satire, irony is militant\"—but parody, burlesque, exaggeration, juxtaposition, comparison, analogy, and double entendre are all frequently used in satirical speech and writing.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Characters of Shakespear's Plays is an 1817 book of criticism of Shakespeare's plays, written by early nineteenth century English essayist and literary critic William Hazlitt.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Composed in reaction to the neoclassical approach to Shakespeare's plays typified by Samuel Johnson, it was among the first English-language studies of Shakespeare's plays to follow the manner of German critic August Wilhelm Schlegel, and, with the work of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, paved the way for the increased appreciation of Shakespeare's genius that was characteristic of later nineteenth-century criticism.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ It was also the first book to cover all of Shakespeare's plays, intended as a guide for the general reader.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ There are many varieties of criticism.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ This article describes common types that occur regularly in everyday life.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For other criteria that classify criticisms, see this page.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For more subject-specific information, see the pages on topics such as art, film, literature, theatre, or architecture.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Aesthetic criticism is a part of aesthetics concerned with critically judging beauty and ugliness, tastefulness and tastelessness, style and fashion, meaning and quality of design—and issues of human sentiment and affect (the evoking of pleasure and pain, likes and dislikes).", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Most parts of human life have an aesthetic dimension, which means there is plenty potential for criticism.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Italian literature is written in the Italian language, particularly within Italy.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ It may also refer to literature written by Italians or in Italy in other languages spoken in Italy, often languages that are closely related to modern Italian.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ An early example of Italian literature is the tradition of vernacular lyric poetry performed in Occitan, which reached Italy by the end of the 12th century.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ In 1230, the Sicilian School is notable for being the first style in standard Italian.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Dante Alighieri, one of the greatest of Italian poets, is notable for his \"Divine Comedy\".", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Petrarch did classical research and wrote lyric poetry." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ The New Yorker is an American magazine of reportage, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ It is published by Condé Nast.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Started as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is now published 47 times annually, with five of these issues covering two-week spans.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Although its reviews and events listings often focus on the cultural life of New York City, \"The New Yorker\" has a wide audience outside New York and is read internationally.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ It is well known for its illustrated and often topical covers, its commentaries on popular culture and eccentric Americana, its attention to modern fiction by the inclusion of short stories and literary reviews, its rigorous fact checking and copyediting, its journalism on politics and social issues, and its single-panel cartoons sprinkled throughout each issue.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ \"The New Yorker\" debuted on February 21, 1925.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ It was founded by Harold Ross and his wife, Jane Grant, a \"New York Times\" reporter.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Ross wanted to create a sophisticated humor magazine that would be different from perceivably \"corny\" humor publications such as \"Judge\", where he had worked, or \"Life\".", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Ross partnered with entrepreneur Raoul H. Fleischmann (who founded the General Baking Company) to establish the F-R Publishing Company.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ The Chrysler New Yorker is an automobile model which was produced by Chrysler from 1940 to 1996, serving for several years as the brand's flagship model.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ A trim level named the \"New York Special\" first appeared in 1938 and the \"New Yorker\" name debuted in 1939.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ Until its discontinuation in 1996, the New Yorker had made its mark as the longest-running American car nameplate.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ The New Yorker name helped define the Chrysler brand as a maker of upscale models, priced and equipped above mainstream brands like Ford, Chevrolet/Pontiac, and Dodge/Plymouth, but below full luxury brands like Cadillac, Lincoln and Packard.", "Mutiny __knowledge__ Mutiny is a criminal conspiracy among a group of people (typically members of the military or the crew of any ship, even if they are civilians) to openly oppose, change, or overthrow a lawful authority to which they are subject.", "Mutiny __knowledge__ The term is commonly used for a rebellion among members of the military against their superior officers, but it can also occasionally refer to any type of rebellion against an authority figure.", "Mutiny __knowledge__ During the Age of Discovery, mutiny particularly meant open rebellion against a ship's captain.", "Mutiny __knowledge__ This occurred, for example, during Ferdinand Magellan's journeys around the world resulting in the killing of one mutineer, the execution of another, and the marooning of others; on Henry Hudson's \"Discovery\" resulting in Hudson and others being set adrift in a boat; and the notorious mutiny on the \"Bounty\".", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Jerome David Salinger (; January 1, 1919 January 27, 2010) was an American writer known for his widely-read novel \"The Catcher in the Rye\".", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Following his early success publishing short stories and \"The Catcher in the Rye\", Salinger led a very private life for more than a half-century.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ He published his final original work in 1965 and gave his last interview in 1980.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Salinger was raised in Manhattan and began writing short stories while in secondary school.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Several were published in \"Story\" magazine in the early 1940s before he began serving in World War II.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ In 1948, his critically acclaimed story \"A Perfect Day for Bananafish\" appeared in \"The New Yorker\" magazine, which became home to much of his later work.", "Mutiny Acts __knowledge__ The Mutiny Acts were an almost 200-year series of annual Acts passed by the Parliament of England, the Parliament of Great Britain, and the Parliament of the United Kingdom for governing, regulating, provisioning, and funding the English and later British Army.", "Mutiny Acts __knowledge__ The first Mutiny Act was passed in 1689 in response to the mutiny of a large portion of the army which stayed loyal to James II upon William III taking the crown of England.", "Mutiny Acts __knowledge__ Today, mutiny by British forces is punished under the Armed Forces Act 2006.", "Mutiny Acts __knowledge__ Depending on events, additions, and changes within the established system more than one Mutiny Act might be passed within a given year.", "Chrysler Town &amp; Country (1941–1988) __knowledge__ The Chrysler Town & Country is a station wagon that was manufactured by Chrysler from 1940 to 1942 and from 1945 to 1988 (there was no production during World War II from 1943 to 1945).", "Chrysler Town &amp; Country (1941–1988) __knowledge__ The Town & Country was also available in four-door sedan, two-door hardtop (no \"B\" pillar), and convertible body styles from 1947 to 1950 and from 1983 to 1986.", "Chrysler Town &amp; Country (1941–1988) __knowledge__ The 1988 model year was the last for the Chrysler Town & Country station wagon, after that and partly during one model year (1989), the Town & Country nameplate was off the market until the 1990 model year run when Chrysler re-introduced the Town & Country nameplate as a rebadged variant Chrysler Town & Country minivan.", "Kinauld __knowledge__ Kinauld is a heritage-listed detached house at 116 Dornoch Terrace, Highgate Hill, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.", "Kinauld __knowledge__ It was designed by Alexander Brown Wilson and built from 1888 to 1889.", "Kinauld __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.", "Kinauld __knowledge__ This timber and corrugated iron hill-top house was erected in 1888 for the widow of Alexander Macintosh.", "Kinauld __knowledge__ Alexander Macintosh came to Brisbane from Scotland in 1865 with his wife and family of nine children.", "Kinauld __knowledge__ In 1866 he purchased the site and built a simple timber dwelling, which he called Kinauld.", "Kinauld __knowledge__ Mackintosh died in 1877, but in 1888 his wife commissioned Brisbane architect Alexander B Wilson to design the present Kinauld, immediately behind the first.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash __knowledge__ On 10 April 2010, a Tupolev Tu-154 aircraft of the Polish Air Force crashed near the city of Smolensk, Russia, killing all 96 people on board.", "2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash __knowledge__ Among the victims were the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński and his wife Maria, the former President of Poland in exile Ryszard Kaczorowski, the chief of the Polish General Staff and other senior Polish military officers, the president of the National Bank of Poland, Polish Government officials, 18 members of the Polish Parliament, senior members of the Polish clergy and relatives of victims of the Katyn massacre.", "2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash __knowledge__ The group was arriving from Warsaw to attend an event commemorating the 70th anniversary of the massacre, which took place not far from Smolensk.", "Wikipedia __knowledge__ Wikipedia ( or ) is a free online encyclopedia with the mission of allowing anyone to create or edit articles.", "Wikipedia __knowledge__ Wikipedia is the largest and most popular general reference work on the Internet, and is ranked the fifth-most popular website.", "Wikipedia __knowledge__ Wikipedia is a project owned by the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation.", "Wikipedia __knowledge__ Wikipedia was launched on January 15, 2001, by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger.", "Wikipedia __knowledge__ Sanger coined its name, a portmanteau of \"wiki\" and encyclo\"pedia\".", "Wikipedia __knowledge__ There was only the English-language version initially, but similar versions in other languages quickly developed, which differ in content and in editing practices.", "Alison (company) __knowledge__ Alison is an e-learning provider and academy founded in Galway, Ireland, in 2007 by social entrepreneur, Mike Feerick.", "Alison (company) __knowledge__ It is one of the world’s largest players in free online education – and one of the world’s largest certifiers of educational and skills attainment.", "Alison (company) __knowledge__ As a for-profit social enterprise, its stated objective is to enable anyone, anywhere, at any time, to gain basic education and workplace skills.", "Alison (company) __knowledge__ Considered by many to have been the first MOOC, Alison predates when the MOOC acronym was born.", "Alison (company) __knowledge__ Contrary to other MOOC providers with close links to American third level institutions such as MIT and Stanford University, Alison's content is workplace focused.", "Educational technology __knowledge__ Educational technology is \"the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources\".", "Educational technology __knowledge__ Educational technology is the use of both physical hardware and educational theoretics.", "Educational technology __knowledge__ It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and, where mobile technologies are used, m-learning.", "Educational technology __knowledge__ Accordingly, there are several discrete aspects to describing the intellectual and technical development of educational technology: An educational technologist is someone who is trained in the field of educational technology.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ The New Yorker is an American magazine of reportage, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ It is published by Condé Nast.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Started as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is now published 47 times annually, with five of these issues covering two-week spans.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Although its reviews and events listings often focus on the cultural life of New York City, \"The New Yorker\" has a wide audience outside New York and is read internationally.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ It is well known for its illustrated and often topical covers, its commentaries on popular culture and eccentric Americana, its attention to modern fiction by the inclusion of short stories and literary reviews, its rigorous fact checking and copyediting, its journalism on politics and social issues, and its single-panel cartoons sprinkled throughout each issue.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ \"The New Yorker\" debuted on February 21, 1925.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ It was founded by Harold Ross and his wife, Jane Grant, a \"New York Times\" reporter.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Ross wanted to create a sophisticated humor magazine that would be different from perceivably \"corny\" humor publications such as \"Judge\", where he had worked, or \"Life\".", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Ross partnered with entrepreneur Raoul H. Fleischmann (who founded the General Baking Company) to establish the F-R Publishing Company.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ The Chrysler New Yorker is an automobile model which was produced by Chrysler from 1940 to 1996, serving for several years as the brand's flagship model.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ A trim level named the \"New York Special\" first appeared in 1938 and the \"New Yorker\" name debuted in 1939.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ Until its discontinuation in 1996, the New Yorker had made its mark as the longest-running American car nameplate.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ The New Yorker name helped define the Chrysler brand as a maker of upscale models, priced and equipped above mainstream brands like Ford, Chevrolet/Pontiac, and Dodge/Plymouth, but below full luxury brands like Cadillac, Lincoln and Packard.", "Critical reaction to 24 __knowledge__ The Fox Network television series 24 has won numerous Emmy Awards for its technical and artistic merits, and become part of American popular culture.", "Critical reaction to 24 __knowledge__ Jack Bauer and David Palmer are seen as iconic television characters.", "Critical reaction to 24 __knowledge__ It has also been heavily criticized for justifying the misuse of government authority and the use of torture, and accused of being racially insensitive.", "Critical reaction to 24 __knowledge__ \"24\"'s real time story-telling method and split-screen technique have also received widespread praise and critical acclaim.", "Critical reaction to 24 __knowledge__ This aspect of the show also made it hard to produce from a creative point of view because there was no possibility for time cuts.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Jerome David Salinger (; January 1, 1919 January 27, 2010) was an American writer known for his widely-read novel \"The Catcher in the Rye\".", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Following his early success publishing short stories and \"The Catcher in the Rye\", Salinger led a very private life for more than a half-century.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ He published his final original work in 1965 and gave his last interview in 1980.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Salinger was raised in Manhattan and began writing short stories while in secondary school.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Several were published in \"Story\" magazine in the early 1940s before he began serving in World War II.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ In 1948, his critically acclaimed story \"A Perfect Day for Bananafish\" appeared in \"The New Yorker\" magazine, which became home to much of his later work.", "Robert Benchley __knowledge__ Robert Charles Benchley (September 15, 1889 – November 21, 1945) was an American humorist best known for his work as a newspaper columnist and film actor.", "Robert Benchley __knowledge__ From his beginnings at \"The Harvard Lampoon\" while attending Harvard University, through his many years writing essays and articles for \"Vanity Fair\" and \"The New Yorker\" and his acclaimed short films, Benchley's style of humor brought him respect and success during his life, from his peers at the Algonquin Round Table in New York City to contemporaries in the burgeoning film industry.", "Robert Benchley __knowledge__ Benchley is best remembered for his contributions to \"The New Yorker\", where his essays, whether topical or absurdist, influenced many modern humorists.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The Amazing Spider-Man is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man, and sharing the title of the character's longest-running comic book.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth theatrical \"Spider-Man\" film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment, and a reboot of Sam Raimi's \"Spider-Man\" 2002-2007 trilogy preceding it.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Marc Webb.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It was written by James Vanderbilt, Alvin Sargent and Steve Kloves and it stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, Emma Stone as Gwen Stacy, Rhys Ifans as Dr. Curtis Connors, Denis Leary as NYPD Captain George Stacy, along with Martin Sheen and Sally Field as the uncle and aunt of Peter Parker, Ben Parker and May Parker.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Benito Mussolini __knowledge__ Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; ; 29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist and leader of the National Fascist Party (\"Partito Nazionale Fascista\"; PNF), ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943—constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship.", "Benito Mussolini __knowledge__ Known as \"Il Duce\" (\"The Leader\"), Mussolini was the founder of Italian Fascism.", "Benito Mussolini __knowledge__ In 1912, Mussolini had been a leading member of the National Directorate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), but was expelled from the PSI for advocating military intervention in World War I, in opposition to the party's stance on neutrality.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ It was released on March 23, 2004, by Arista Records.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003 to 2004, with its production handled by his longtime collaborator Jermaine Dupri, along with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Lil Jon, among others.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Primarily an R&B album, \"Confessions\" showcases Usher as a crooner through a mixture of ballads and up-tempos, incorporating musical genres of dance-pop, hip hop and crunk.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ The album's themes generated controversy about Usher's personal relationships; however, the album's primary producer Jermaine Dupri claimed the album reflects Dupri's own personal story.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Li Tongjie __knowledge__ Li Tongjie (李同捷) (died June 1, 829) was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty.", "Li Tongjie __knowledge__ After the death of his father Li Quanlüe (李全略) in 826, Li Tongjie tried to take over Henghai Circuit (橫海, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei), which his father had been the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of, and he rejected a subsequent imperial edict for him to serve at a different circuit.", "Li Tongjie __knowledge__ A subsequent imperial campaign against him ensued, defeating him in 829.", "Li Tongjie __knowledge__ He surrendered, and was executed by the imperial official Bo Qi (柏耆).", "Li Tongjie __knowledge__ It is not known when Li Tongjie was born.", "Li Tongjie __knowledge__ His father Li Quanlüe was originally named Wang Rijian (王日簡), but in 822, soon after Wang Rijian was made the military governor of Henghai, then-reigning Emperor Muzong gave Wang Rijian the imperial surname of Li and the new personal name of Quanlüe." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 3, 5 ]

[ "Yeah I think it has something for everyone. It has commentary, criticism, fiction, satire, cartoons, and even poetry. I'm sure you can find something in there for you.", "I think you can get it free online, but I'm not positive. I do know that it's published 47 times annually though, so plenty of material to go around.", "Yeah it's been around since 1925, it started as a weekly back then.", "Well it's well known for its rigorous fact checking and copyediting and its journalism on politics and social issues, so if that sounds like something you'd enjoy then definitely subscribe!" ]

[ "The New Yorker", "The New Yorker", "The New Yorker", "The New Yorker" ]

[ "Cooking\nI enjoy learning to cook new dishes. Do you enjoy cooking?", "Do you know of any other methods of cooking that we, as humans, could use to cook our food?", "HaHa! This is true! I love homemade ice-cream made with an old fashioned churn!", "Oh that sounds like a fun adventure! I would love to eat chocolate ice cream in Argentina. Was it homemade?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ \"\" is a manga series written by Yūto Tsukuda and illustrated by Shun Saeki, serialized in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\".", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ 27 tankōbon volumes have been released.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ An anime adaptation has aired 49 episodes over 3 seasons.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ The story follows protagonist and title character Sōma Yukihira as he transfers to the elite Tōtsuki Culinary Academy, an extremely competitive atmosphere, where only the top 1% of students graduate in.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Under the motto \"Cooking is Everything\", students are judged on their cooking for admission to the academy and in many classes, tournaments and events.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Competition may lead to a Shokugeki, a cooking match held in an indoor stadium, where students stake their pride and futures as chefs.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ French cuisine consists of the cooking traditions and practices from France.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ In the 14th century Guillaume Tirel, a court chef known as \"Taillevent\", wrote \"Le Viandier\", one of the earliest recipe collections of medieval France.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ During that time, French cuisine was heavily influenced by Italian cuisine.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ In the 17th century, chefs François Pierre La Varenne and Marie-Antoine Carême spearheaded movements that shifted French cooking away from its foreign influences and developed France's own indigenous style.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ Cheese and wine are a major part of the cuisine.", "French cuisine __knowledge__ They play different roles regionally and nationally, with many variations and \"appellation d'origine contrôlée\" (AOC) (regulated appellation) laws.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ Danish cuisine (), originating from the peasant population's own local produce, was enhanced by cooking techniques developed in the late 19th century and the wider availability of goods after the Industrial Revolution.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ The open sandwiches, known as \"smørrebrød\", which in their basic form are the usual fare for lunch, can be considered a national speciality when prepared and decorated with a variety of fine ingredients.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ Hot meals are traditionally prepared from ground meats, such as \"frikadeller\" (meat balls) and \"medisterpølse\", or from more substantial meat and fish dishes such as \"flæskesteg\" (roast pork with crackling) or \"kogt torsk\" (poached cod) with mustard sauce and trimmings.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, CBE (born Elizabeth Gwynne, 26 December 1913 – 22 May 1992) was a British cookery writer.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the mid-20th century she strongly influenced the revitalisation of home cookery in her native country and beyond with articles and books about European cuisines and traditional British dishes.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Born to an upper-class family, David rebelled against social norms of the day.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the 1930s she studied art in Paris, became an actress, and ran off with a married man with whom she sailed in a small boat to Italy, where their boat was confiscated.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ They reached Greece, where they were nearly trapped by the German invasion in 1941, but escaped to Egypt, where they parted.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is a culinary style originating in Bengal, a region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, which is now divided between Bangladesh and the West Bengal state of India.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Other regions, such as Tripura, and the Barak Valley region of Assam (in India) also have large native Bengali populations and share this cuisine.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ With an emphasis on fish, vegetables and lentils are served with rice as a staple diet.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is known for its subtle (yet sometimes fiery) flavours, and its spread of confectioneries and desserts.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ It also has the only traditionally developed multi-course tradition from the subcontinent that is analogous in structure to the modern \"service à la russe\" style of French cuisine, with food served course-wise rather than all at once." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Pressure cooking is the process of cooking food, using water or other cooking liquid, in a sealed vessel known as a \"pressure cooker\".", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Pressure is created by boiling a liquid, such as water or broth, inside the closed pressure cooker.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ The trapped steam increases the internal pressure and allows the temperature to rise.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ After use, the pressure is slowly released so that the vessel can be opened safely.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Pressure cooking can be used for quick simulation of the effects of long braising.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Almost any food which can be cooked in steam or water-based liquids can be cooked in a pressure cooker.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ In 1679, French physicist Denis Papin, better known for his studies on steam, invented the \"steam digester\" in an attempt to reduce the cooking time of food.", "Food __knowledge__ Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.", "Food __knowledge__ It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals.", "Food __knowledge__ The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells to provide energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.", "Food __knowledge__ Historically, humans secured food through two methods: hunting and gathering and agriculture.", "Food __knowledge__ Today, the majority of the food energy required by the ever increasing population of the world is supplied by the food industry.", "Food __knowledge__ Food safety and food security are monitored by agencies like the International Association for Food Protection, World Resources Institute, World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, and International Food Information Council.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, CBE (born Elizabeth Gwynne, 26 December 1913 – 22 May 1992) was a British cookery writer.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the mid-20th century she strongly influenced the revitalisation of home cookery in her native country and beyond with articles and books about European cuisines and traditional British dishes.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Born to an upper-class family, David rebelled against social norms of the day.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the 1930s she studied art in Paris, became an actress, and ran off with a married man with whom she sailed in a small boat to Italy, where their boat was confiscated.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ They reached Greece, where they were nearly trapped by the German invasion in 1941, but escaped to Egypt, where they parted.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ \"\" is a manga series written by Yūto Tsukuda and illustrated by Shun Saeki, serialized in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\".", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ 27 tankōbon volumes have been released.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ An anime adaptation has aired 49 episodes over 3 seasons.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ The story follows protagonist and title character Sōma Yukihira as he transfers to the elite Tōtsuki Culinary Academy, an extremely competitive atmosphere, where only the top 1% of students graduate in.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Under the motto \"Cooking is Everything\", students are judged on their cooking for admission to the academy and in many classes, tournaments and events.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Competition may lead to a Shokugeki, a cooking match held in an indoor stadium, where students stake their pride and futures as chefs.", "Human __knowledge__ Modern humans (\"Homo sapiens\", ssp.", "Human __knowledge__ \"Homo sapiens sapiens\") are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina, a branch of the tribe Hominini belonging to the family of great apes.", "Human __knowledge__ They are characterized by erect posture and bipedal locomotion; high manual dexterity and heavy tool use compared to other animals; and a general trend toward larger, more complex brains and societies.", "Human __knowledge__ Early hominins—particularly the australopithecines, whose brains and anatomy are in many ways more similar to ancestral non-human apes—are less often referred to as \"human\" than hominins of the genus \"Homo\".", "Human __knowledge__ Several of these hominins used fire, occupied much of Eurasia, and gave rise to anatomically modern \"Homo sapiens\" in Africa about 315,000 years ago.", "Language __knowledge__ Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.", "Language __knowledge__ The scientific study of language is called linguistics.", "Language __knowledge__ Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated at least since Gorgias and Plato in ancient Greece.", "Language __knowledge__ Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought.", "Solar thermal energy __knowledge__ Solar thermal energy (STE) is a form of energy and a technology for harnessing solar energy to generate thermal energy or electrical energy for use in industry, and in the residential and commercial sectors.", "Solar thermal energy __knowledge__ Solar thermal collectors are classified by the United States Energy Information Administration as low-, medium-, or high-temperature collectors.", "Solar thermal energy __knowledge__ Low-temperature collectors are generally unglazed and used to heat swimming pools or to heat ventilation air.", "Solar thermal energy __knowledge__ Medium-temperature collectors are also usually flat plates but are used for heating water or air for residential and commercial use.", "Solar thermal energy __knowledge__ High-temperature collectors concentrate sunlight using mirrors or lenses and are generally used for fulfilling heat requirements up to 300 deg C / 20 bar pressure in industries, and for electric power production.", "Alastair Cook __knowledge__ Alastair Nathan Cook, (born 25 December 1984) is an English cricketer.", "Alastair Cook __knowledge__ A former captain of the England Test and One Day International (ODI) teams, he holds a number of English and international records.", "Alastair Cook __knowledge__ He is regarded as one of the greatest batsmen ever to play for England, and is one of the most prolific batsmen of the modern era.", "Alastair Cook __knowledge__ Cook is England’s most-capped player and has captained the team in an English record 59 Tests and 69 ODIs.", "Alastair Cook __knowledge__ He is the leading run-scorer in Test matches for England, and the youngest player to complete 12,000 Test runs (the 6th overall and the only Englishman).", "Alastair Cook __knowledge__ Cook has scored a record 32 Test centuries for England and is the first England player to take part in 50 Test victories.", "Heat exchanger __knowledge__ A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between a solid object and a fluid, or between two or more fluids.", "Heat exchanger __knowledge__ The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact.", "Heat exchanger __knowledge__ They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment.", "Heat exchanger __knowledge__ The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air.", "James Cook __knowledge__ Captain James Cook (7 November 172814 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the Royal Navy.", "James Cook __knowledge__ Cook made detailed maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, during which he achieved the first recorded European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, and the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand.", "James Cook __knowledge__ Cook joined the British merchant navy as a teenager and joined the Royal Navy in 1755.", "James Cook __knowledge__ He saw action in the Seven Years' War, and subsequently surveyed and mapped much of the entrance to the Saint Lawrence River during the siege of Quebec.", "Dishwasher __knowledge__ A dishwasher is a mechanical device for cleaning dishware and cutlery.", "Dishwasher __knowledge__ Unlike manual dishwashing, which relies largely on physical scrubbing to remove soiling, the mechanical dishwasher cleans by spraying hot water, typically between , at the dishes, with lower temperatures used for delicate items.", "Dishwasher __knowledge__ A mix of water and dishwasher detergent is pumped to one or more rotating spray arms, which blast the dishes with the cleaning mixture.", "Dishwasher __knowledge__ Once the wash is finished, the water is drained, more hot water enters the tub by means of an electro-mechanical solenoid, and the rinse cycle begins.", "Dishwasher __knowledge__ After the rinse cycle finishes and the water is drained, and the dishes are dried using one of several drying methods." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "Handel's Homemade Ice Cream &amp; Yogurt __knowledge__ Handel's Homemade Ice Cream & Yogurt is a popular ice cream company franchise founded by Alice Handel in 1945 in Youngstown, Ohio.", "Handel's Homemade Ice Cream &amp; Yogurt __knowledge__ The company operates thirty-seven corporate and franchise stores in seven states.", "Handel's Homemade Ice Cream &amp; Yogurt __knowledge__ Today it is owned by Leonard Fisher and maintains a corporate headquarters in Canfield, Ohio.", "Handel's Homemade Ice Cream &amp; Yogurt __knowledge__ Handel's began when Alice Handel started serving ice cream from her husband's gas station in Youngstown, Ohio in the fall of 1945.", "Handel's Homemade Ice Cream &amp; Yogurt __knowledge__ In fact, This restaurant was founded in November 15 along with Wendy's.", "Handel's Homemade Ice Cream &amp; Yogurt __knowledge__ The first batches were made using fresh fruit she picked from her own backyard, with old fashioned recipes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden __knowledge__ The Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, , is a botanical garden located at 1800 Lakeside Avenue, on the North Side of Richmond, Virginia.", "Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden __knowledge__ It includes the Lakeside Wheel Club built by Lewis Ginter and expanded and remodeled into Bloemendaal by his niece Grace Arents.", "Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden __knowledge__ The Garden’s three-fold mission is (1) to provide education to the community about the plant world, (2) promote the best in horticulture and landscape design and (3) work toward the goal of being a leader in botanical and applied horticultural research.", "Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden __knowledge__ The gently rolling terrain that is the site of Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden was once the hunting ground of Powhatan Indians.", "Old Fashioned __knowledge__ The Old Fashioned is a cocktail made by muddling sugar with bitters, then adding alcohol, originally whiskey but now sometimes brandy, and finally a twist of citrus (or orange) rind.", "Old Fashioned __knowledge__ It is traditionally served in a short, round, tumbler-like glass, which is called an Old Fashioned glass, named after the drink.", "Old Fashioned __knowledge__ The Old Fashioned, developed during the 19th century and given its name in the 1880s, is an IBA Official Cocktail.", "Old Fashioned __knowledge__ It is also one of six basic drinks listed in David A. Embury's \"The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks\".", "Old Fashioned __knowledge__ The first documented definition of the word \"cocktail\" was in response to a reader's letter asking to define the word in the May 6, 1806 issue of \"The Balance and Columbian Repository\" in Hudson, New York.", "Doughnut __knowledge__ A doughnut or donut (both: or ; see spelling differences) is a type of fried dough confectionery or dessert food.", "Doughnut __knowledge__ The doughnut is popular in many countries and prepared in various forms as a sweet snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls, and franchised specialty vendors.", "Doughnut __knowledge__ Doughnuts are usually deep fried from a flour dough, and typically either ring-shaped or a number of shapes without a hole, and often filled, but can also be ball-shaped (the \"hole\").", "Doughnut __knowledge__ Other types of batters can also be used, and various toppings and flavorings are used for different types, such as sugar, chocolate, or maple glazing.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ An ice cream van (British) or ice cream truck (American) is a commercial vehicle that serves as a mobile retail outlet for ice cream, usually during the summer.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans are often seen parked at public events, or near parks, beaches, or other areas where people congregate.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans often travel near where children play — outside schools, in residential areas, or in other locations.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ They usually stop briefly before moving on to the next street.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans are often brightly decorated and carry images of ice cream, or some other adornment, such as cartoon characters.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ They may have painted-on notices, which can serve a commercial purpose (\"\"Stop me and buy one!\"\")", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Bacon ice cream (or bacon-and-egg ice cream) is an ice cream generally created by adding bacon to egg custard and freezing the mixture.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ The concept of bacon ice cream originated in a 1973 sketch on the British comedy series \"The Two Ronnies\" as a joke; however, it was eventually created for April Fools' Day.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Heston Blumenthal experimented with the creation of ice cream, making a custard similar to scrambled eggs then adding bacon to create one of his signature dishes.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ It now appears on dessert menus in other restaurants.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream is generally expected to be a sweet food, eaten as a dessert, even though there is evidence of savoury ice creams eaten in Victorian times.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ An ice cream float or soda (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and East Asia), coke float (United Kingdom), root beer float (United States, Canada) or spider (Australia and New Zealand), is a chilled beverage that consists of ice cream in either a soft drink or in a mixture of flavored syrup and carbonated water.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The ice cream float was invented by Robert McCay Green in Philadelphia, PA, in 1874 during the Franklin Institute's semicentennial celebration.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The traditional story is that, on a particularly hot day, Mr. Green ran out of cold ice for the flavored drinks he was selling and used vanilla ice cream from a neighboring vendor, thus inventing a new drink.", "Pumpable ice technology __knowledge__ Pumpable ice (\"PI\") technology is a technology to produce and use fluids or secondary refrigerants, also called coolants, with the viscosity of water or jelly and the cooling capacity of ice.", "Pumpable ice technology __knowledge__ Pumpable ice is typically a slurry of ice crystals or particles ranging from 5 to 10,000 micrometers (1 cm) in diameter and transported in brine, seawater, food liquid, or gas bubbles of air, ozone, or carbon dioxide.", "Pumpable ice technology __knowledge__ Besides generic terms such as pumpable, jelly or slurry ice, there are many trademark names for such coolant, like \"Deepchill\", “Beluga”, “optim”, “flow”, “fluid”, “jel”, “binary”, “liquid”, “maxim”, “whipped”, “bubble slurry” ice.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ Vanilla is frequently used to flavor ice cream, especially in North America and Europe.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ Vanilla ice cream, like other flavors of ice cream, was originally created by cooling a mixture made of cream, sugar, and vanilla above a container of ice and salt.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ The type of vanilla used to flavor ice cream varies by location.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ In North America, consumers are interested in a more prominent, smoky flavor, while in France, they want a more anise-like flavor.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ To create the smooth consistency of ice cream, the mixture has to be stirred occasionally and then returned to the container of ice and salt to continue the solidification process." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ Chocolate ice cream is ice cream with natural or artificial chocolate flavoring.", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ Chocolate is the second most common flavor of ice cream in the United States, after vanilla.", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ The earliest frozen chocolate recipes were published in Naples, Italy in 1693 in Antonio Latini's \"The Modern Steward\".", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ Chocolate was one of the first ice cream flavors, created before vanilla, as common drinks such as hot chocolate, coffee, and tea were the first food items to be turned into frozen desserts.", "Chocolate ice cream __knowledge__ Hot chocolate had become a popular drink in seventeenth-century Europe, alongside coffee and tea, and all three beverages were used to make frozen and unfrozen desserts.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ An ice cream float or soda (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and East Asia), coke float (United Kingdom), root beer float (United States, Canada) or spider (Australia and New Zealand), is a chilled beverage that consists of ice cream in either a soft drink or in a mixture of flavored syrup and carbonated water.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The ice cream float was invented by Robert McCay Green in Philadelphia, PA, in 1874 during the Franklin Institute's semicentennial celebration.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The traditional story is that, on a particularly hot day, Mr. Green ran out of cold ice for the flavored drinks he was selling and used vanilla ice cream from a neighboring vendor, thus inventing a new drink.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Sundae __knowledge__ The sundae () is a sweet ice cream dessert.", "Sundae __knowledge__ It typically consists of one or more scoops of ice cream topped with sauce or syrup, and in some cases other toppings including sprinkles, whipped cream, peanuts, maraschino cherries, or other fruits (e.g., bananas and pineapple in a banana split.).", "Sundae __knowledge__ According to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\", the origin of the term \"sundae\" is obscure; however, it is generally accepted that the spelling \"sundae\" derives from the English word \"Sunday\".", "Sundae __knowledge__ Among the many stories about the invention of the sundae, a frequent theme is that the ice cream sundae was a variation of the popular ice cream soda.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is usually made from milk, ice cream, or iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate syrup, or fruit syrup.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Outside the United States, milkshakes using ice cream or iced milk are sometimes called a thick milkshake or thick shake; in New England, the term frappe may be used to differentiate it from thinner forms of flavored milk.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Full-service restaurants, soda fountains, and diners usually prepare and mix the shake \"by hand\" from scoops of ice cream and milk in a blender or drink mixer using a stainless steel cup.", "Dove Bar __knowledge__ Dove Bar is an American ice cream bar, created by Leo Stefanos at Dove Candies & Ice Cream on 60th Street and Pulaski Avenue in Chicago in 1956, and introduced nationally in 1985.", "Dove Bar __knowledge__ The brand was bought by Mars Inc. in 1985, and the Dove Bar today is made by M&M/Mars.", "Dove Bar __knowledge__ The Dove chocolate brand was named for the ice cream.", "Dove Bar __knowledge__ Each ice cream bar has either vanilla or chocolate ice cream, coated in chocolate.", "Dove Bar __knowledge__ The ice cream bars are sold either individually or in a three-pack.", "Dove Bar __knowledge__ It is considered both ice cream and candy.", "Dove Bar __knowledge__ The flavors currently available are: Milk Chocolate with vanilla ice cream, Dark Chocolate with French Vanilla ice cream (original), Milk Chocolate with Almonds and vanilla ice cream, and Milk Chocolate with chocolate ice cream and a chocolate swirl (Triple Chocolate Ice cream Bar).", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Good Humor __knowledge__ Good Humor is an American brand of ice cream novelties sold from ice cream trucks as well as stores and other retail outlets.", "Good Humor __knowledge__ Originally, Good Humors were chocolate-coated ice cream bars on a stick, but the line was expanded over the years to include a wide range of novelties.", "Good Humor __knowledge__ The Good Humor company started in Youngstown, Ohio, during the early 1920s and covered most of the country by the mid-1930s.", "Good Humor __knowledge__ Good Humor became a fixture in American popular culture, and at its peak in the 1950s the company operated 2,000 \"sales cars\".", "Good Humor __knowledge__ In 1961, Good Humor was acquired by Thomas J. Lipton, the U.S. subsidiary of the international Unilever conglomerate.", "Coolhaus __knowledge__ Based in Los Angeles, California, Coolhaus is a brand of super-premium ice cream founded in 2009 by Natasha Case and Freya Estreller on the principle of using food to spark interest in architecture.", "Coolhaus __knowledge__ Coolhaus was built on the concept of Farchitecture (Food + Architecture) and became an artisanal ice cream brand, with the mission statement to \"strive to push the boundaries of traditional dessert by creating unique, sweet-meets-savory flavors you can't find anywhere else\".", "Coolhaus __knowledge__ Coolhaus ice cream is made at a 20% overrun compared to the 50% industry standard for super-premium ice cream, giving it a creamier, smoother and richer taste." ] ]

[ 6, 1, 23, 0 ]

[ "I do love to cook, I find it interesting that only humans use heat to cook?", "The only food I know of that doesn't involve heat, is ice cream!", "The best Ice cream I ever had was from a street vendor in Argentina.. Chocolate.. ", "Yes! They make it in front of you by using a 'Cold Plate' it's very interesting to watch!" ]

[ "Cooking", "Cooking", "Cooking", "Cooking" ]

[ "Bagel\ni really like making bagels, iits my favorite food, do you like bagels?", "Yes, they originated from Jews in Poland, im a jew from Poland so they are common for me :D", "I didnt know that, its really interesting, i like eating them for breakfast with some swiss cheese in between ", "Thats interesting i have visited Krakow, but havent tried Bagels there, bagels are now really popular bread product in North America", "I eat them everyday, best generic bagles out there actually :D" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bagel __knowledge__ A bagel ( '; ), also spelled beigel, is a bread product originating in the Jewish communities of Poland.", "Bagel __knowledge__ It is traditionally shaped by hand into the form of a ring from yeasted wheat dough, roughly hand-sized, that is first boiled for a short time in water and then baked.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The result is a dense, chewy, doughy interior with a browned and sometimes crisp exterior.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Bagels are often topped with seeds baked on the outer crust, with the traditional ones being poppy or sesame seeds.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Some may have salt sprinkled on their surface, and there are different dough types, such as whole-grain or rye.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Though the origins of bagels are somewhat obscure, it is known that they were widely consumed in Ashkenazi Jewish communities from the 17th century.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The first known mention of the bagel, in 1610, was in Jewish community ordinances in Kraków, Poland.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Bagels are now a popular bread product in North America, especially in cities with a large Jewish population, many with alternative ways of making them.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Like other bakery products, bagels are available (fresh or frozen, often in many flavors) in many major supermarkets in those countries.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The basic roll-with-a-hole design is hundreds of years old and has other practical advantages besides providing for a more even cooking and baking of the dough: The hole could be used to thread string or dowels through groups of bagels, allowing for easier handling and transportation and more appealing seller displays.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ Lender's Bagels is a brand of bagels that pioneered the pre-packaged bagel industry in the United States.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ Established in 1927 in New Haven, Connecticut by the Lender family, it became a North American leader in the marketing, distribution and sales of bagels.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ Lender's introduced frozen bagels and sold the first packaged bagels in supermarkets, eventually becoming the world's biggest bagel producer.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ The company was sold to Kraft Foods in 1984 and has been part of Pinnacle Foods since 2003.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ Non-frozen room temperature fresh bagels began production in 1994.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ In 2012, Lender's revenue was about $70 million.", "Davidovich Bagels __knowledge__ Davidovich Bagels is a popular bagel brand produced by Davidovich Bakery, a wholesale company in New York City.", "Davidovich Bagels __knowledge__ It is widely regarded as the only genuinely \"hand-rolled\" bagel on the wholesale market.", "Davidovich Bagels __knowledge__ While the 20th century saw a universal move by bagel companies towards the machine-automated forming of bagels, Davidovich continued to employ artisans to handcraft and kettle-boil bagels in the Viennese tradition.", "Davidovich Bagels __knowledge__ This practice was popularized in New York bakeries as New York City emerged as the bagel-making capital of the world.", "Davidovich Bagels __knowledge__ This adherence to the labor-intensive craft of making bagels, while even the most popularly identified brands of bagels have automated the process, has become their mark of distinction in the industry.", "Bagel machine __knowledge__ A bagel machine is a machine that automatically produces bagels.", "Bagel machine __knowledge__ It rolls, presses, and shapes dough into perfect circles.", "Bagel machine __knowledge__ In 1950, Daniel Thompson, son of Mickey Thompson, began designing an automatic bagel-making machine when he was 29.", "Bagel machine __knowledge__ His father had been trying to make a working automatic bagel-making machine for most of his life to advance his baking business,and Daniel was following in his footsteps.", "Bagel machine __knowledge__ In 1958, Daniel Thompson started construction of the first successful automatic bagel-making machine in his garage in Cheviot Hills, Los Angeles.", "Bagel machine __knowledge__ He called it “The Thompson Bagel Machine.” A few years later, he patented his design.", "Montreal-style bagel __knowledge__ The Montreal-style bagel or Montreal bagel (sometimes beigel; \"beygl\"; ), is a distinctive variety of handmade and wood-fired baked bagel.", "Montreal-style bagel __knowledge__ In contrast to the New York-style bagel, the Montreal bagel is smaller, thinner, sweeter and denser, with a larger hole, and is always baked in a wood-fired oven.", "Montreal-style bagel __knowledge__ It contains malt, egg, and no salt and is boiled in honey-sweetened water before being baked.", "Montreal-style bagel __knowledge__ In some Montreal establishments, bagels are still produced by hand and baked in full view of the patrons.", "Montreal-style bagel __knowledge__ There are two predominant varieties: black-seed (poppy seed), or white-seed (sesame seed).", "Montreal-style bagel __knowledge__ Montreal bagels, like the similarly shaped New York bagel, were brought to North America by Jewish immigrants from Poland and other Eastern European countries; the differences in texture and taste reflect the style of the particular area in Poland in which the immigrant bakers learned their trade.", "Indian Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are autonomous public institutes of higher education, located in India.", "Indian Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ They are governed by the \"Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 \" which has declared them as institutions of national importance alongside National Institutes of Technology and lays down their powers, duties, and framework for governance etc.", "Indian Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 lists twenty-three institutes (after the last amendment in 2016).", "Indian Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ Each IIT is an autonomous institution, linked to the others through a common IIT Council, which oversees their administration.", "Indian Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ The Minister of Human Resource Development is the ex-officio Chairperson of IIT Council.", "Bagel Bakers Local 338 __knowledge__ The Bagel Bakers Local 338 was a trade union local that was established in the early 1900s in New York City and whose craftsmen were the primary makers of New York's bagels, prepared by hand, until the advent of machine-made bagels in the 1960s led to its end as an independent organization in the 1970s.", "Bagel Bakers Local 338 __knowledge__ It was a local union of the Bakery and Confectionery Workers International Union.", "Bagel Bakers Local 338 __knowledge__ Until 1964, the union used a different transliteration and called itself the Beigel Bakers Union.", "Bagel Bakers Local 338 __knowledge__ Jewish immigrants brought the bagel to the United States at the turn of the 20th century, with hundreds of small bagel bakeries sprouting up in Manhattan's Lower East Side, in which workers worked under difficult conditions for minimal wages." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bagel __knowledge__ A bagel ( '; ), also spelled beigel, is a bread product originating in the Jewish communities of Poland.", "Bagel __knowledge__ It is traditionally shaped by hand into the form of a ring from yeasted wheat dough, roughly hand-sized, that is first boiled for a short time in water and then baked.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The result is a dense, chewy, doughy interior with a browned and sometimes crisp exterior.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Bagels are often topped with seeds baked on the outer crust, with the traditional ones being poppy or sesame seeds.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Some may have salt sprinkled on their surface, and there are different dough types, such as whole-grain or rye.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Though the origins of bagels are somewhat obscure, it is known that they were widely consumed in Ashkenazi Jewish communities from the 17th century.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The first known mention of the bagel, in 1610, was in Jewish community ordinances in Kraków, Poland.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Bagels are now a popular bread product in North America, especially in cities with a large Jewish population, many with alternative ways of making them.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Like other bakery products, bagels are available (fresh or frozen, often in many flavors) in many major supermarkets in those countries.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The basic roll-with-a-hole design is hundreds of years old and has other practical advantages besides providing for a more even cooking and baking of the dough: The hole could be used to thread string or dowels through groups of bagels, allowing for easier handling and transportation and more appealing seller displays.", "Antisemitism __knowledge__ Antisemitism (also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism) is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews.", "Antisemitism __knowledge__ A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite.", "Antisemitism __knowledge__ Antisemitism is generally considered to be a form of racism.", "Antisemitism __knowledge__ Antisemitism may be manifested in many ways, ranging from expressions of hatred of or discrimination against individual Jews to organized pogroms by mobs, state police, or even military attacks on entire Jewish communities.", "Antisemitism __knowledge__ Although the term did not come into common usage until the 19th century, it is now also applied to historic anti-Jewish incidents.", "Antisemitism __knowledge__ Notable instances of persecution include the Rhineland massacres preceding the First Crusade in 1096, the Edict of Expulsion from England in 1290, the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391, the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition, the expulsion from Spain in 1492, the Cossack massacres in Ukraine from 1648 to 1657, various anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire between 1821 and 1906, the 1894–1906 Dreyfus affair in France, the Holocaust in German-occupied Europe, official Soviet anti-Jewish policies, and Arab and Muslim involvement in the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries.", "Antisemitism in Europe __knowledge__ Antisemitism (also spelled anti-Semitism) – prejudice, hatred of, or discrimination against Jews for reasons connected to their Jewish heritage – has experienced a long history of expression since the days of ancient civilizations, with most of it having originated in the Christian and pre-Christian civilizations of Europe.", "Antisemitism in Europe __knowledge__ While it has been cited as having been expressed in the intellectual and political centers of ancient Greece and the Roman Empire, the phenomenon received greater institutionalization within European Christianity following the dissolution of the ancient Jewish center of power in Jerusalem, resulting at times in the forced segregation of Jewish populations and restrictions on their participation in the public life of European society.", "Responsibility for the Holocaust __knowledge__ Responsibility for the Holocaust is the subject of an ongoing historical debate that has spanned several decades.", "Responsibility for the Holocaust __knowledge__ The debate about the origins of the Holocaust is known as Functionalism versus intentionalism.", "Responsibility for the Holocaust __knowledge__ Intentionalists such as Lucy Dawidowicz argue that Adolf Hitler planned the extermination of the Jewish people as early as 1918, and that he personally oversaw its execution.", "Responsibility for the Holocaust __knowledge__ However, Functionalists such as Raul Hilberg argue that the extermination plans evolved in stages, as a result of initiatives by bureaucrats who were responding to other policy failures.", "Responsibility for the Holocaust __knowledge__ The debate has settled to a large degree as historians have conceded that both positions have merit.", "Ashkenazi Jews __knowledge__ Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or simply Ashkenazim (, , singular: , ; also \"\"), are a Jewish diaspora population who coalesced as a distinct community in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium.", "Ashkenazi Jews __knowledge__ The traditional diaspora language of Ashkenazi Jews is Yiddish (a Germanic language which incorporates several dialects), with Hebrew used only as a sacred language until relatively recently.", "Ashkenazi Jews __knowledge__ Throughout their time in Europe, Ashkenazim have made many important contributions to philosophy, scholarship, literature, art, music and science.", "Ashkenazi Jews __knowledge__ Ashkenazim originate from the Jews who settled along the Rhine River, in Western Germany and Northern France.", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ Catholic resistance to Nazism was a component of German resistance to Nazism and of Resistance during World War II.", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ The role of the Church during the Nazi years was always, and remains however, a matter of much contention.", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ Many writers, echoing Klaus Scholder, have concluded, \"There was no Catholic resistance in Germany, there were only Catholics who resisted.\"", "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany __knowledge__ The Vatican policy meant that the Pope never challenged Catholics to side either with National Socialism or with Catholic morality, and Pius XII was so adamant that Bolshevism represented the most terrible threat to the world that he remarked, 'Germany are a great nation who, in their fight against Bolshevism, are bleeding not only for their friends but also for the sake of their present enemies'.", "History of the Jews in Poland __knowledge__ The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over 1,000 years.", "History of the Jews in Poland __knowledge__ For centuries, Poland was home to the largest and most significant Jewish community in the world.", "History of the Jews in Poland __knowledge__ Poland was the centre of Jewish culture, thanks to a long period of statutory religious tolerance and social autonomy.", "History of the Jews in Poland __knowledge__ This ended with the partitions of Poland which began in 1772, in particular, with the discrimination and persecution of Jews in the Russian Empire.", "History of the Jews in Poland __knowledge__ During World War II there was a nearly complete genocidal destruction of the Polish Jewish community by Nazi Germany and its collaborators, during the 1939–1945 German occupation of Poland and the ensuing Holocaust.", "The Holocaust __knowledge__ The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945.", "The Holocaust __knowledge__ Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and \"incurably sick\", as well as political opponents, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, ethnic Poles, and Soviet prisoners of war.", "The Holocaust __knowledge__ Germany implemented the persecution in stages.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Nordic bread culture has existed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden from prehistoric time through to the present.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Four grain types dominated in the Nordic countries: barley and rye are the oldest; wheat and oats are more recent.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ During the Iron Age (500 AD – 1050 AD), rye became the most commonly used grain, followed by barley and oats.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Rye was also the most commonly used grain for bread up until the beginning of the 20th century.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Today, older grain types such as emmer and spelt are once again being cultivated and new bread types are being developed from these grains.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Archaeological finds in Denmark indicate use of the two triticum (wheat) species, emmer and einkorn, during the Mesolithic Period (8900 BC – 3900 BC).", "Bread __knowledge__ Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour and water, usually by baking.", "Bread __knowledge__ Throughout recorded history it has been popular around the world and is one of the oldest artificial foods, having been of importance since the dawn of agriculture.", "Bread __knowledge__ Proportions of types of flour and other ingredients vary widely, as do modes of preparation.", "Bread __knowledge__ As a result, types, shapes, sizes, and textures of breads differ around the world.", "Bread __knowledge__ Bread may be leavened by processes such as reliance on naturally occurring sourdough microbes, chemicals, industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration.", "Bread __knowledge__ Some bread is cooked before it can leaven, including for traditional or religious reasons.", "Sourdough __knowledge__ Sourdough bread is made by the fermentation of dough using naturally occurring lactobacilli and yeast.", "Sourdough __knowledge__ Sourdough bread has a mildly sour taste not present in most breads made with baker's yeast and better inherent keeping qualities than other breads, due to the lactic acid produced by the lactobacilli.", "Sourdough __knowledge__ Sourdough is a dough containing a \"Lactobacillus\" culture in symbiotic combination with yeasts.", "Sourdough __knowledge__ It is one of the principal means of biological leavening in bread baking, the others using cultivated forms of yeast.", "Sourdough __knowledge__ It is important in baking rye-based breads, where yeast does not produce comparable results.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Dumpling is a broad classification for a dish that consists of small pieces of dough (made from a variety of starch sources) wrapped around a filling.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ The dough can be based on bread, flour, or potatoes, and may be filled with meat, fish, cheese, vegetables, fruits, or sweets.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of methods, including baking, boiling, frying, simmering, or steaming.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Banku and kenkey fit the definition of a dumpling in that they are starchy balls of dough that are steamed.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ They are formed from fermented cornmeal.", "Dumpling __knowledge__ Banku is boiled and requires continues kneading, while kenkey is partly boiled then finished by steaming in corn or banana leaves.", "Bagels and Brownies __knowledge__ Bagels & Brownies is a Retail Venture based in New Delhi started by Adnan Vahanvaty, a food fanatic having eminent experience in food industry Bagel is a bread product specially made and shaped by hand into forms of ring with yeasted wheat dough which is first boiled in fresh water and then baked resulting in a dense chewy interior and crispy exterior.", "Bagels and Brownies __knowledge__ Two traditional types of bagels are Montreal-style bagel and New York-style bagel.", "Bagels and Brownies __knowledge__ Bagels & Brownies is a specialised bakery concept with an aim of providing international taste to India palates.", "Bagels and Brownies __knowledge__ Bagels & Brownies is a brand of confections and bakes in Delhi/NCR.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\")." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bagel __knowledge__ A bagel ( '; ), also spelled beigel, is a bread product originating in the Jewish communities of Poland.", "Bagel __knowledge__ It is traditionally shaped by hand into the form of a ring from yeasted wheat dough, roughly hand-sized, that is first boiled for a short time in water and then baked.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The result is a dense, chewy, doughy interior with a browned and sometimes crisp exterior.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Bagels are often topped with seeds baked on the outer crust, with the traditional ones being poppy or sesame seeds.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Some may have salt sprinkled on their surface, and there are different dough types, such as whole-grain or rye.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Though the origins of bagels are somewhat obscure, it is known that they were widely consumed in Ashkenazi Jewish communities from the 17th century.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The first known mention of the bagel, in 1610, was in Jewish community ordinances in Kraków, Poland.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Bagels are now a popular bread product in North America, especially in cities with a large Jewish population, many with alternative ways of making them.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Like other bakery products, bagels are available (fresh or frozen, often in many flavors) in many major supermarkets in those countries.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The basic roll-with-a-hole design is hundreds of years old and has other practical advantages besides providing for a more even cooking and baking of the dough: The hole could be used to thread string or dowels through groups of bagels, allowing for easier handling and transportation and more appealing seller displays.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Swiss cheese __knowledge__ Swiss cheese is a generic name in North America for several related varieties of cheese, mainly of North American manufacture, which resemble Emmental cheese, a yellow, medium-hard cheese that originated in the area around Emmental, in Switzerland.", "Swiss cheese __knowledge__ Some types of Swiss cheese have a distinctive appearance, as the blocks of the cheese are riddled with holes known as \"eyes\".", "Swiss cheese __knowledge__ Swiss cheese without eyes is known as \"blind\".", "Swiss cheese __knowledge__ (The term is applied to cheeses of this style made outside Switzerland, such as Jarlsberg cheese, which originates in Norway).", "Swiss cheese __knowledge__ Three types of bacteria are used in the production of Emmental cheese: \"Streptococcus salivarius\" subspecies \"thermophilus\", \"Lactobacillus\" (\"Lactobacillus helveticus\" or \"Lactobacillus delbrueckii\" subspecies \"bulgaricus\"), and \"Propionibacterium\" (\"Propionibacterium freudenreichii\" subspecies \"shermani\").", "Fondue __knowledge__ Fondue (pronounced in British English; in American English usually ; ) is a Swiss dish of melted cheese served in a communal pot (\"caquelon\" or fondue pot) over a portable stove (\"réchaud\") heated with a candle or spirit lamp, and eaten by dipping bread into the cheese using long-stemmed forks.", "Fondue __knowledge__ It was promoted as a Swiss national dish by the Swiss Cheese Union (Schweizerische Käseunion) in the 1930s, and was popularized in North America in the 1960s.", "Fondue __knowledge__ Since the 1950s, the name \"fondue\" has been generalized to other dishes in which a food is dipped into a communal pot of liquid kept hot in a fondue pot: chocolate fondue, in which pieces of fruit or pastry are dipped into a melted chocolate mixture, and \"fondue bourguignonne\", in which pieces of meat are cooked in hot oil or broth.", "Mother Courage and Her Children __knowledge__ Mother Courage and Her Children () is a play written in 1939 by the German dramatist and poet Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956), with significant contributions from Margarete Steffin.", "Mother Courage and Her Children __knowledge__ Four theatrical productions were produced in Switzerland and Germany from 1941 to 1952, the last three supervised and/or directed by Brecht, who had returned to East Germany from the United States.", "Mother Courage and Her Children __knowledge__ Several years after Brecht's death in 1959/1960, the play was adapted as a German film starring Helene Weigel, Brecht's widow and a leading actress.", "Mother Courage and Her Children __knowledge__ \"Mother Courage\" is considered by some to be the greatest play of the 20th century, and perhaps also the greatest anti-war play of all time.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.", "Cheese __knowledge__ It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep.", "Cheese __knowledge__ During production, the milk is usually acidified, and adding the enzyme rennet causes coagulation.", "Cheese __knowledge__ The solids are separated and pressed into final form.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Some cheeses have molds on the rind, the outer layer, or throughout.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Most cheeses melt at cooking temperature.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and aging.", "Swiss cheese model __knowledge__ The Swiss cheese model of accident causation is a model used in risk analysis and risk management, including aviation safety, engineering, healthcare, emergency service organizations, and as the principle behind layered security, as used in computer security and defense in depth.", "Swiss cheese model __knowledge__ It likens human systems to multiple slices of swiss cheese, stacked side by side, in which the risk of a threat becoming a reality is mitigated by the differing layers and types of defenses which are \"layered\" behind each other.", "Swiss cheese model __knowledge__ Therefore, in theory, lapses and weaknesses in one defense do not allow a risk to materialize, since other defenses also exist, to prevent a single point of failure.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ Genetic studies on Jews are part of the population genetics discipline and are used to better understand the chronology of migration provided by research in other fields, such as history, archaeology, linguistics, and paleontology.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ These studies investigate the origins of various Jewish populations today.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ In particular, they investigate whether there is a common genetic heritage among various Jewish populations.", "Genetic studies on Jews __knowledge__ Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry and up to 75% Levantine genes.", "Ashkenazi Jews __knowledge__ Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or simply Ashkenazim (, , singular: , ; also \"\"), are a Jewish diaspora population who coalesced as a distinct community in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium.", "Ashkenazi Jews __knowledge__ The traditional diaspora language of Ashkenazi Jews is Yiddish (a Germanic language which incorporates several dialects), with Hebrew used only as a sacred language until relatively recently.", "Ashkenazi Jews __knowledge__ Throughout their time in Europe, Ashkenazim have made many important contributions to philosophy, scholarship, literature, art, music and science.", "Ashkenazi Jews __knowledge__ Ashkenazim originate from the Jews who settled along the Rhine River, in Western Germany and Northern France.", "Jewish ethnic divisions __knowledge__ Jewish ethnic divisions refers to a number of distinctive communities within the world's ethnically Jewish population.", "Jewish ethnic divisions __knowledge__ Although considered one single self-identifying ethnicity, there are distinctive ethnic subdivisions among Jews, most of which are primarily the result of geographic branching from an originating Israelite population, mixing with local populations, and subsequent independent evolutions.", "Jewish ethnic divisions __knowledge__ As long ago as Biblical times, cultural and linguistic differences between Jewish communities, even within the area of Ancient Israel and Judea, are observed both within the Bible itself as well as from archeological remains.", "Jewish diaspora __knowledge__ The Jewish diaspora (Hebrew: Tfutza, תְּפוּצָה) or exile (Hebrew: Galut, גָּלוּת; Yiddish: \"Golus\") is the dispersion of Israelites, Judahites and later Jews out of their ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and their subsequent settlement in other parts of the globe.", "Jewish diaspora __knowledge__ In terms of the Hebrew Bible, the term \"Exile\" denotes the fate of the Israelites who were taken into exile from the Kingdom of Israel during the 8th century BCE, and the Judahites from the Kingdom of Judah who were taken into exile during the 6th century BCE.", "Jewish diaspora __knowledge__ While in exile, the Judahites became known as \"Jews\" (יְהוּדִים, or \"Yehudim\")—\"Mordecai the Jew\" from the Book of Esther being the first biblical mention of the term.", "Sephardi Jews __knowledge__ Sephardi Jews, also known as Sephardic Jews or Sephardim (, , ; also \"Y'hudey Spharad\", lit.", "Sephardi Jews __knowledge__ \"The Jews of Spain\"), are a Jewish ethnic division whose ethnogenesis and emergence as a distinct community of Jews coalesced during the early Middle Ages on the Iberian Peninsula.", "Sephardi Jews __knowledge__ They established communities throughout areas of modern Spain and Portugal, where they traditionally resided, evolving what would become their distinctive characteristics and diasporic identity, which they took with them in their exile from Iberia beginning in the late 15th century to North Africa, Anatolia, the Levant, Southeastern and Southern Europe, as well as the Americas, and all other places of their exiled settlement, either alongside pre-existing co-religionists, or alone as the first Jews in new frontiers.", "Old Yishuv __knowledge__ The Old Yishuv (, \"ha-Yishuv ha-Yashan\") were the Jewish communities of the southern Syrian provinces in the Ottoman period, up to the onset of Zionist aliyah and the consolidation of the New Yishuv by the end of World War I.", "Old Yishuv __knowledge__ As opposed to the later Zionist aliyah and the New Yishuv, which came into being with the First Aliyah (of 1882) and was more based on a socialist and/or secular ideology emphasizing labor and self-sufficiency, the Old Yishuv, whose members had continuously resided in or had come to \"Eretz Yisrael\" in the earlier centuries, were largely ultra-orthodox Jews dependent on external donations (Halukka) for living.", "Spanish and Portuguese Jews __knowledge__ Spanish and Portuguese Jews, also called Western Sephardim, are a distinctive sub-group of Iberian Jews who are largely descended from Jews who lived as New Christians in the Iberian Peninsula during the immediate generations following the forced expulsion of unconverted Jews from Spain in 1492 and from Portugal in 1497.", "Spanish and Portuguese Jews __knowledge__ Although the 1492 and 1497 expulsions of unconverted Jews from Spain and Portugal were separate events from the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions (which was established over a decade earlier in 1478), they were ultimately linked, as the Inquisition eventually also led to the fleeing out of Iberia of many descendants of Jewish converts to Catholicism in subsequent generations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bagel __knowledge__ A bagel ( '; ), also spelled beigel, is a bread product originating in the Jewish communities of Poland.", "Bagel __knowledge__ It is traditionally shaped by hand into the form of a ring from yeasted wheat dough, roughly hand-sized, that is first boiled for a short time in water and then baked.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The result is a dense, chewy, doughy interior with a browned and sometimes crisp exterior.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Bagels are often topped with seeds baked on the outer crust, with the traditional ones being poppy or sesame seeds.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Some may have salt sprinkled on their surface, and there are different dough types, such as whole-grain or rye.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Though the origins of bagels are somewhat obscure, it is known that they were widely consumed in Ashkenazi Jewish communities from the 17th century.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The first known mention of the bagel, in 1610, was in Jewish community ordinances in Kraków, Poland.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Bagels are now a popular bread product in North America, especially in cities with a large Jewish population, many with alternative ways of making them.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Like other bakery products, bagels are available (fresh or frozen, often in many flavors) in many major supermarkets in those countries.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The basic roll-with-a-hole design is hundreds of years old and has other practical advantages besides providing for a more even cooking and baking of the dough: The hole could be used to thread string or dowels through groups of bagels, allowing for easier handling and transportation and more appealing seller displays.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ Lender's Bagels is a brand of bagels that pioneered the pre-packaged bagel industry in the United States.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ Established in 1927 in New Haven, Connecticut by the Lender family, it became a North American leader in the marketing, distribution and sales of bagels.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ Lender's introduced frozen bagels and sold the first packaged bagels in supermarkets, eventually becoming the world's biggest bagel producer.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ The company was sold to Kraft Foods in 1984 and has been part of Pinnacle Foods since 2003.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ Non-frozen room temperature fresh bagels began production in 1994.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ In 2012, Lender's revenue was about $70 million.", "Bagel Bakers Local 338 __knowledge__ The Bagel Bakers Local 338 was a trade union local that was established in the early 1900s in New York City and whose craftsmen were the primary makers of New York's bagels, prepared by hand, until the advent of machine-made bagels in the 1960s led to its end as an independent organization in the 1970s.", "Bagel Bakers Local 338 __knowledge__ It was a local union of the Bakery and Confectionery Workers International Union.", "Bagel Bakers Local 338 __knowledge__ Until 1964, the union used a different transliteration and called itself the Beigel Bakers Union.", "Bagel Bakers Local 338 __knowledge__ Jewish immigrants brought the bagel to the United States at the turn of the 20th century, with hundreds of small bagel bakeries sprouting up in Manhattan's Lower East Side, in which workers worked under difficult conditions for minimal wages.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Nordic bread culture has existed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden from prehistoric time through to the present.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Four grain types dominated in the Nordic countries: barley and rye are the oldest; wheat and oats are more recent.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ During the Iron Age (500 AD – 1050 AD), rye became the most commonly used grain, followed by barley and oats.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Rye was also the most commonly used grain for bread up until the beginning of the 20th century.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Today, older grain types such as emmer and spelt are once again being cultivated and new bread types are being developed from these grains.", "Nordic bread culture __knowledge__ Archaeological finds in Denmark indicate use of the two triticum (wheat) species, emmer and einkorn, during the Mesolithic Period (8900 BC – 3900 BC).", "Bagels and Brownies __knowledge__ Bagels & Brownies is a Retail Venture based in New Delhi started by Adnan Vahanvaty, a food fanatic having eminent experience in food industry Bagel is a bread product specially made and shaped by hand into forms of ring with yeasted wheat dough which is first boiled in fresh water and then baked resulting in a dense chewy interior and crispy exterior.", "Bagels and Brownies __knowledge__ Two traditional types of bagels are Montreal-style bagel and New York-style bagel.", "Bagels and Brownies __knowledge__ Bagels & Brownies is a specialised bakery concept with an aim of providing international taste to India palates.", "Bagels and Brownies __knowledge__ Bagels & Brownies is a brand of confections and bakes in Delhi/NCR.", "Bread in culture __knowledge__ Bread has a significance beyond mere nutrition in many cultures in the West and Near and Middle East because of its history and contemporary importance.", "Bread in culture __knowledge__ Bread is also significant in Christianity as one of the elements (alongside wine) of the Eucharist; see sacramental bread.", "Bread in culture __knowledge__ The word \"companion\" comes from Latin \"com-\" \"with\" + \"panis\" \"bread\".", "Bread in culture __knowledge__ The political significance of bread is considerable.", "Bread in culture __knowledge__ In 19th century Britain, the inflated price of bread due to the Corn Laws caused major political and social divisions, and was central to debates over free trade versus protectionism.", "Bread in culture __knowledge__ The Assize of Bread and Ale in the 13th century demonstrated the importance of bread in medieval times by setting heavy punishments for short-changing bakers, and bread appeared in the \"Magna Carta\" a half-century earlier.", "Montreal-style bagel __knowledge__ The Montreal-style bagel or Montreal bagel (sometimes beigel; \"beygl\"; ), is a distinctive variety of handmade and wood-fired baked bagel.", "Montreal-style bagel __knowledge__ In contrast to the New York-style bagel, the Montreal bagel is smaller, thinner, sweeter and denser, with a larger hole, and is always baked in a wood-fired oven.", "Montreal-style bagel __knowledge__ It contains malt, egg, and no salt and is boiled in honey-sweetened water before being baked.", "Montreal-style bagel __knowledge__ In some Montreal establishments, bagels are still produced by hand and baked in full view of the patrons.", "Montreal-style bagel __knowledge__ There are two predominant varieties: black-seed (poppy seed), or white-seed (sesame seed).", "Montreal-style bagel __knowledge__ Montreal bagels, like the similarly shaped New York bagel, were brought to North America by Jewish immigrants from Poland and other Eastern European countries; the differences in texture and taste reflect the style of the particular area in Poland in which the immigrant bakers learned their trade.", "H&amp;H Bagels __knowledge__ H&H Bagels is a popular bagel company in Manhattan, in New York City.", "H&amp;H Bagels __knowledge__ The original two stores closed, but one with the same name continues.", "H&amp;H Bagels __knowledge__ Before closing in January 2012, the two original stores had been the largest bagel manufacturer in New York City, and one of the largest bagel manufacturers in the world, producing about 80,000 bagels a day.", "H&amp;H Bagels __knowledge__ There is an H&H Midtown Bagels East at 1551 2nd Avenue between East 80th and East 81st streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, with different owners.", "H&amp;H Bagels __knowledge__ In 1997, it had sales of $2 million.", "H&amp;H Bagels __knowledge__ The business was started in 1972 when Puerto Rican Helmer Toro and his brother-in-law Hector Hernandez (hence \"H&H\") bought Midtown Bagels at Broadway and 80th Street for $5,000 ($ in current dollar terms) in cash and $50,000 ($ in current dollar terms) in a loan.", "Davidovich Bagels __knowledge__ Davidovich Bagels is a popular bagel brand produced by Davidovich Bakery, a wholesale company in New York City.", "Davidovich Bagels __knowledge__ It is widely regarded as the only genuinely \"hand-rolled\" bagel on the wholesale market.", "Davidovich Bagels __knowledge__ While the 20th century saw a universal move by bagel companies towards the machine-automated forming of bagels, Davidovich continued to employ artisans to handcraft and kettle-boil bagels in the Viennese tradition.", "Davidovich Bagels __knowledge__ This practice was popularized in New York bakeries as New York City emerged as the bagel-making capital of the world.", "Davidovich Bagels __knowledge__ This adherence to the labor-intensive craft of making bagels, while even the most popularly identified brands of bagels have automated the process, has become their mark of distinction in the industry.", "Bagel machine __knowledge__ A bagel machine is a machine that automatically produces bagels.", "Bagel machine __knowledge__ It rolls, presses, and shapes dough into perfect circles.", "Bagel machine __knowledge__ In 1950, Daniel Thompson, son of Mickey Thompson, began designing an automatic bagel-making machine when he was 29.", "Bagel machine __knowledge__ His father had been trying to make a working automatic bagel-making machine for most of his life to advance his baking business,and Daniel was following in his footsteps.", "Bagel machine __knowledge__ In 1958, Daniel Thompson started construction of the first successful automatic bagel-making machine in his garage in Cheviot Hills, Los Angeles.", "Bagel machine __knowledge__ He called it “The Thompson Bagel Machine.” A few years later, he patented his design." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bagel __knowledge__ A bagel ( '; ), also spelled beigel, is a bread product originating in the Jewish communities of Poland.", "Bagel __knowledge__ It is traditionally shaped by hand into the form of a ring from yeasted wheat dough, roughly hand-sized, that is first boiled for a short time in water and then baked.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The result is a dense, chewy, doughy interior with a browned and sometimes crisp exterior.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Bagels are often topped with seeds baked on the outer crust, with the traditional ones being poppy or sesame seeds.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Some may have salt sprinkled on their surface, and there are different dough types, such as whole-grain or rye.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Though the origins of bagels are somewhat obscure, it is known that they were widely consumed in Ashkenazi Jewish communities from the 17th century.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The first known mention of the bagel, in 1610, was in Jewish community ordinances in Kraków, Poland.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Bagels are now a popular bread product in North America, especially in cities with a large Jewish population, many with alternative ways of making them.", "Bagel __knowledge__ Like other bakery products, bagels are available (fresh or frozen, often in many flavors) in many major supermarkets in those countries.", "Bagel __knowledge__ The basic roll-with-a-hole design is hundreds of years old and has other practical advantages besides providing for a more even cooking and baking of the dough: The hole could be used to thread string or dowels through groups of bagels, allowing for easier handling and transportation and more appealing seller displays.", "Death of Yehuda Shoham __knowledge__ The death of Yehuda Shoham occurred as a consequence of a 5 June 2001 stoning attack attributed to Palestinians on the civilian vehicle, near the Israeli village of Eli and Palestinian settlement of Isawiya in the West Bank, in which the five-month-old American-Israeli Yehuda Shoham was seated.", "Death of Yehuda Shoham __knowledge__ Rocks crashed through the car's windscreen and crushed the infant's skull.", "Death of Yehuda Shoham __knowledge__ Shoham died of severe brain damage on 11 July 2001.", "Death of Yehuda Shoham __knowledge__ This stoning attack and the infant's death, six days later, made headlines in Israel and, according to B'tselem, sparked a settler attack on two Palestinian villages, in which a Palestinian youth was shot while Israeli soldiers watched (or even participated).", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ This article is about placeholder names in various languages.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ In Afrikaans, \"dinges\" ('thing'), \"goeters\" ('things'), \"watsenaam\" ('what's its name') are common placeholders.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A common placeholder name for a semi-mythological place - much the same as Timbuktu - is \"Pofadder\" (a real town).", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A general term for a far away, remote/rural environment is \"Boendoe\".", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ \"Van die jaar toet\" (from the year \"tut\") is often used to indicate an unspecified, long time ago.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ Arabic uses \"Fulan\", \"Fulana[h]\" (فلان / فلانة) and when a last name is needed it becomes \"Fulan AlFulani\", \"Fulana[h] AlFulaniyya[h]\" (فلان الفلاني / فلانة الفلانية).", "Eat Bulaga! __knowledge__ Eat Bulaga!", "Eat Bulaga! __knowledge__ is a Philippine television variety show broadcast by GMA Network.", "Eat Bulaga! __knowledge__ Produced by Television And Production Exponents Inc. (TAPE), it is the longest running noontime show in the Philippines.", "Eat Bulaga! __knowledge__ It premiered on July 30, 1979, and being filmed from The New TAPE Studios (Eastside Studio) at the Broadway Centrum in New Manila, Quezon City.", "Eat Bulaga! __knowledge__ The show is also airing worldwide through GMA Pinoy TV and live streaming online on YouTube.", "Eat Bulaga! __knowledge__ The name approximately translates to \"Lunchtime Surprise!\".", "Eat Bulaga! __knowledge__ The show holds the record of being the longest-running noontime variety program in the history of Philippine television.", "Rexley Tarivuti __knowledge__ Rexley Tarivuti (born 1 December 1985, Vanuatu) is a Vanuatuan international footballer who plays for Vanuatu national football team as a defender as well as Vanuatan club Spirit 08 FC at club level.", "Bigu (grain avoidance) __knowledge__ Bigu () is a Daoist fasting technique associated with achieving \"xian\" \"transcendence; immortality\".", "Bigu (grain avoidance) __knowledge__ Grain avoidance is related to multifaceted Chinese cultural beliefs.", "Bigu (grain avoidance) __knowledge__ For instance, \"bigu\" fasting was the common medical cure for expelling the \"sanshi\" 三尸 \"Three Corpses\", the malevolent, grain-eating spirits that live in the human body (along with the hun and po souls), report their host's sins to heaven every 60 days, and carry out punishments of sickness and early death.", "Bigu (grain avoidance) __knowledge__ Avoiding \"grains\" has been diversely interpreted to mean not eating particular foodstuffs (food grain, cereal, the Five Grains, \"wugu\", or staple food), or not eating any food (inedia, breatharianism, or aerophagia).", "Blue Horse (Lakota leader) __knowledge__ Blue Horse (Oglala Lakota: (Šúŋkawakȟáŋ Tȟó in Standard Lakota Orthography) (1822July 16, 1908) was a leader of the Wágluȟe Band of Oglala Lakota, warrior, statesman and educator.", "Blue Horse (Lakota leader) __knowledge__ Blue Horse is notable in American history as one of the first Oglala Lakota United States Army Indian Scouts and signatory of the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868.", "Blue Horse (Lakota leader) __knowledge__ Blue Horse was known for a willingness to rescue white men in distress and the iconic one-eyed chief was popular subject for portraitists.", "Blue Horse (Lakota leader) __knowledge__ Blue Horse's life chronicles the history of the Oglala Lakota through the 19th and early 20th centuries.", "Blue Horse (Lakota leader) __knowledge__ Blue Horse and his adopted brother Red Cloud fought for over 50 years to deflect the worst effects of white rule; feed, clothe and educate their people and preserve sacred Oglala Lakota land and heritage.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ Lender's Bagels is a brand of bagels that pioneered the pre-packaged bagel industry in the United States.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ Established in 1927 in New Haven, Connecticut by the Lender family, it became a North American leader in the marketing, distribution and sales of bagels.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ Lender's introduced frozen bagels and sold the first packaged bagels in supermarkets, eventually becoming the world's biggest bagel producer.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ The company was sold to Kraft Foods in 1984 and has been part of Pinnacle Foods since 2003.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ Non-frozen room temperature fresh bagels began production in 1994.", "Lender's Bagels __knowledge__ In 2012, Lender's revenue was about $70 million.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ Kraft Foods Inc. was an American multinational confectionery, food and beverage conglomerate.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ It marketed many brands in more than 170 countries.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ 12 of its brands annually earned more than $1 billion worldwide: Cadbury, Jacobs, Kraft, LU, Maxwell House, Milka, Nabisco, Oreo, Oscar Mayer, Philadelphia, Trident, Tang.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ Forty of its brands are at least a century old.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ The company was headquartered in Northfield, Illinois, a Chicago suburb.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ Its European headquarters was in Glattpark, Opfikon, Switzerland, near Zürich.", "Kraft Foods Inc. __knowledge__ Kraft was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and became a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average on September 22, 2008, replacing the American International Group.", "Mondelez International __knowledge__ Mondelēz International, Inc., styled Mondelēz (), is an American multinational confectionery, food, and beverage company based in Illinois which employs about 107,000 people around the world.", "Mondelez International __knowledge__ It consists of the global snack and food brands of the former Kraft Foods Inc after the October 2012 spin-off of its North American grocery operations.", "Mondelez International __knowledge__ The Mondelez name, adopted in 2012, was suggested by Kraft Foods employees and is derived from the words \"mundus\" (Latin for “world”) and \"delez\" (a proxy for the word \"delicious\").", "Mondelez International __knowledge__ The company, headquartered in the Chicago suburb of Deerfield, Illinois, manufactures chocolate, biscuits, gum, confectionery, and powdered beverages.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ Farley's & Sathers Candy Company was created as an umbrella company to roll-up many small companies, brands and products under a common management team.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ The confectionery business segment is made up of many small companies, often with intertwined relationships and histories.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ Catterton Partners formed the Farley's & Sathers Candy Company in 2002 as a vehicle for the purchase of some of the former Farley Foods Company and Sathers Candy Company assets and brands from Kraft.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ Since that time, additional brands and businesses have been added to the roster.", "Farley's &amp; Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ In 2012, the owners of Farley's & Sathers, L Catterton Partners, purchased Ferrara Pan Candy Company.", "Murray Lender __knowledge__ Murray Isaac Lender (October 20, 1930 – March 21, 2012) was an American businessman and entrepreneur who helped expand his father's small, Connecticut bagel bakery, Lender's Bagels, into a nationwide brand.", "Murray Lender __knowledge__ Murray Lender served as the chief executive officer of Lender's, while his brother, Marvin, served as the company's president.", "Murray Lender __knowledge__ Under Murray Lender, Lender's Bagels began selling frozen bagels to supermarkets in 1960, introducing many American consumers to the bagel for the first time.", "Murray Lender __knowledge__ The \"Washington Post\" called Lender \"the most important man in the modern history of bagels.\"", "Murray Lender __knowledge__ Murray Lender also became known to the public for appearing in a series of television commercials for Lender's Bagels.", "Kraft Foods __knowledge__ Kraft Foods Group, Inc. is an American grocery manufacturing and processing conglomerate headquartered in the Chicago suburb of Northfield, Illinois, part of the Kraft Heinz Company.", "Kraft Foods __knowledge__ The company was restructured in 2012 as a spin off from Kraft Foods Inc., which in turn was renamed Mondelēz International.", "Kraft Foods __knowledge__ The new Kraft Foods Group was focused mainly on grocery products for the North American market while Mondelēz is focused on international confectionery and snack brands.", "Kraft Foods __knowledge__ Until the merger with Heinz, Kraft Foods Group was an independent public company listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange.", "Kraft Foods __knowledge__ On July 2, 2015, Kraft completed its merger with Heinz, arranged by Heinz owners Berkshire Hathaway and 3G Capital, creating the fifth-largest food and beverage company in the world, Kraft Heinz Company.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury, formerly Cadbury's, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International (originally Kraft Foods) since 2010.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is the second-largest confectionery brand in the world after Wrigley's.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury is internationally headquartered in Uxbridge, West London, and operates in more than 50 countries worldwide.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is famous for its Dairy Milk chocolate, the Creme Egg and Roses selection box, and many other confectionery products.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ One of the best-known British brands, in 2013 \"The Daily Telegraph\" named Cadbury among Britain's most successful exports.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury was established in Birmingham, England in 1824, by John Cadbury who sold tea, coffee and drinking chocolate." ] ]

[ 2, 6, 7, 12, 9 ]

[ "Bagels are great, I eat them everyday. They are actually made from yeasted wheat dough by first boiling it in water and then baking it. ", "I think it goes back to the Ashkenazi Jewish communities in the 17th century.", "The first know mention of bagels was in 1610, in Kraków, Poland. Since, bagels have become very popular in the United State as well.", "Yes indeed, a famous brand for bagles in the US is Lender's Bagels. They are part of Kraft Foods today but started in 1927 in new Haven Connecticut as a family business.", "Nice, do you buy fresh bagels or the frozen once. " ]

[ "Bagel", "Bagel", "Bagel", "Bagel", "Bagel" ]

[ "TED (conference)", "I have never head of TED before has it been around for a while?", "TED talks does sound a bit familiar, are they like podcasts?", "So Ted talks are pretty much world wide, I definitely need to check them out! Who started them?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) is a media organization which posts talks online for free distribution, under the slogan \"ideas worth spreading\".", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED was founded in February 1984 as a conference, which has been held annually since 1990.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED's early emphasis was technology and design, consistent with its Silicon Valley origins, but it has since broadened its focus to include talks on many scientific, cultural, and academic topics.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ The main TED conference is held annually in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada at the Vancouver Convention Centre.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ Prior to 2014, the conference was held in Long Beach.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED events are also held throughout North America and in Europe and Asia, offering live streaming of the talks.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ They address a wide range of topics within the research and practice of science and culture, often through storytelling.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ The speakers are given a maximum of 18 minutes to present their ideas in the most innovative and engaging ways they can.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ Past speakers include Bill Clinton, Jane Goodall, Al Gore, Gordon Brown, David Cameron, Billy Graham, Richard Dawkins, Bill Gates, Dolph Lundgren, Bono, Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, and many Nobel Prize winners.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED's current curator is the British former computer journalist and magazine publisher Chris Anderson." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) is a media organization which posts talks online for free distribution, under the slogan \"ideas worth spreading\".", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED was founded in February 1984 as a conference, which has been held annually since 1990.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED's early emphasis was technology and design, consistent with its Silicon Valley origins, but it has since broadened its focus to include talks on many scientific, cultural, and academic topics.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ The main TED conference is held annually in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada at the Vancouver Convention Centre.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ Prior to 2014, the conference was held in Long Beach.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED events are also held throughout North America and in Europe and Asia, offering live streaming of the talks.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ They address a wide range of topics within the research and practice of science and culture, often through storytelling.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ The speakers are given a maximum of 18 minutes to present their ideas in the most innovative and engaging ways they can.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ Past speakers include Bill Clinton, Jane Goodall, Al Gore, Gordon Brown, David Cameron, Billy Graham, Richard Dawkins, Bill Gates, Dolph Lundgren, Bono, Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, and many Nobel Prize winners.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED's current curator is the British former computer journalist and magazine publisher Chris Anderson.", "Gran Hermano Spain (season 8) __knowledge__ The eighth season of the Spanish reality television series \"Gran Hermano\" was broadcast over 15 episodes in 2006.", "Gran Hermano Spain (season 8) __knowledge__ The season started on 7th of September and finished on the 21st of December of 2006.", "Gran Hermano Spain (season 8) __knowledge__ The winner was Brazilian-born Naiala Melo, becoming the first foreigner to win Big Brother Spain.", "Gran Hermano Spain (season 8) __knowledge__ In addition, for the first time ever the final 3 were all females.", "Gran Hermano Spain (season 8) __knowledge__ This edition of Big Brother made Telecinco the first broadcaster to reach an eighth season of a show of the \"Big Brother\" type.", "Gran Hermano Spain (season 8) __knowledge__ The house was divided in four apartments that were assigned by drawing lots: an individual apartment (Daniel L.); one for two people (Laura F. and Javier); one for five (Laura S., Gemma, Mahme, Daniel R. and Pulpillo); and one for six (Kiko, Marusky, Greta, Kiran, Miriam and Naiala).", "Nebo hierichonticus __knowledge__ Nebo hierichonticus, the Common Black Scorpion, is a species of scorpion in the family Diplocentridae.", "Nebo hierichonticus __knowledge__ \"Nebo hierichonticus\" can reach a length of .", "Nebo hierichonticus __knowledge__ The basic color of this scorpion ranges from a light brown or reddish-brown to dark brown.", "Nebo hierichonticus __knowledge__ Legs are yellowish.", "Nebo hierichonticus __knowledge__ It has a thin metasoma and large pedipalps and chelae.", "Nebo hierichonticus __knowledge__ The base of the sting (vesicle) is oval, with a quite short sting (telson).", "Nebo hierichonticus __knowledge__ Venom of this species is quite toxic, causing hemorrhage and necrosis, but the effects of the sting on humans is almost negligible, without any long-term effects.", "Nebo hierichonticus __knowledge__ This species occurs in the Middle East (Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel) and in Egypt in the Sinai Peninsula.", "History of Ohio State Buckeyes football __knowledge__ The history of Ohio State Buckeyes football covers 125 years through the 2014 season.", "History of Ohio State Buckeyes football __knowledge__ The team has represented the Ohio State University in the Western Conference, its successor the Big Ten, and in the NCAA Division I.", "History of Ohio State Buckeyes football __knowledge__ Its history parallels the development of college football as a major sport in the United States and demonstrates the status of the Buckeyes as one of its major programs.", "History of Ohio State Buckeyes football __knowledge__ In the mid-1880s the growing fever of the Walter Camp-style of football, formulated between 1880 and 1883 among colleges of the future Ivy League, reached Columbus, Ohio.", "History of Ohio State Buckeyes football __knowledge__ Abortive early attempts at forming a team occurred in 1886 and 1987.", "Omar Belhouchet __knowledge__ Omar Belhouchet (born 9 February 1954 in Sétif) is an Algerian journalist who is renowned for his investigative reporting and supporting freedom of the press; his work and persistence have received international recognition.", "Omar Belhouchet __knowledge__ During the civil war of the 1990s, which put enormous pressure on the free press from both sides, Belhouchet was prosecuted numerous times by his government and survived two assassination attempts.", "Omar Belhouchet __knowledge__ Belhouchet started his journalism career at Algérie Presse Service followed by reporting for \"El Moudjahid\" (English: \"The Holy Warrior\"), the FLN government-owned newspaper.", "Omar Belhouchet __knowledge__ After the government allowed independent newspapers, in 1990 Belhouchet founded the daily newspaper \"El Watan\" (English: \"The Nation\"), together with nineteen colleagues from \"El Moudjahid\".", "List of Father Ted characters __knowledge__ Father Ted is a sitcom produced by independent production company Hat Trick Productions for British broadcaster Channel 4, running for three series and a special from 21 April 1995 until 1 May 1998 over 25 episodes.", "List of Father Ted characters __knowledge__ The main characters comprised Father Ted Crilly (Dermot Morgan) and his fellow priests Father Dougal McGuire (Ardal O'Hanlon) and Father Jack Hackett (Frank Kelly), all exiled on Craggy Island living together with the fourth main character, housekeeper Mrs Doyle (Pauline McLynn).", "List of Father Ted characters __knowledge__ All four actors appeared from the first to the last episodes, from \"Good Luck, Father Ted\" to \"Going to America\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ The American sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\" premiered on CBS on September 19, 2005.", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ Created by Craig Thomas and Carter Bays, the show is presented from the perspective of Ted Mosby in 2030 (\"Future Ted\") as he tells his children how he met the titular mother.", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ The show lasted for nine seasons and 208 episodes; the finale first aired on March 31, 2014.", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ The main characters are: Ted, a romantic searching for \"The One\"; Barney Stinson, a womanizer; Robin Scherbatsky, a journalist who moved to New York in 2005; and Marshall Eriksen and Lily Aldrin, a long-term couple.", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ Although the show is based around The Mother, her first appearance is not until the season-eight finale.", "Lara Stein __knowledge__ Lara Stein (Born : November 28, 1966) is TEDx Founder and former Director of TEDx and the TED Prize, having overseen the strategy, creation, development and implementation of the TEDx program at TED.", "Lara Stein __knowledge__ TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience.", "Lara Stein __knowledge__ TED is a nonprofit organization devoted to Ideas Worth Spreading, which started as a four-day conference in California 30 years ago.", "Lara Stein __knowledge__ Through Stein's leadership TED expanded from two annual conferences, into a global community of 9,000 TEDx events in 1,200 cities taking place in 133 countries.", "Chris Anderson (entrepreneur) __knowledge__ Chris Anderson (born 1957) is the owner of TED, a nonprofit organisation that provides idea-based talks and hosts an annual conference in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.", "Chris Anderson (entrepreneur) __knowledge__ Previously he founded Future Publishing.", "Chris Anderson (entrepreneur) __knowledge__ Anderson was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957.", "Chris Anderson (entrepreneur) __knowledge__ His parents were medical missionaries, and he spent most of his early life in Pakistan, India and Afghanistan.", "Chris Anderson (entrepreneur) __knowledge__ He studied at Woodstock School in the Himalayan mountains of Mussoorie, Uttarakhand, India, before moving to Monkton Combe School, a boarding school in Bath, England.", "Chris Anderson (entrepreneur) __knowledge__ At Oxford University, he studied physics, then changed to Philosophy, Politics and Economics, to eventually graduate with a degree in philosophy in 1978.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Networked advocacy or net-centric advocacy refers to a specific type of advocacy.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ While networked advocacy has existed for centuries, it has become significantly more efficacious in recent years due in large part to the widespread availability of the internet, mobile telephones, and related communications technologies that enable users to overcome the transaction costs of collective action.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ The study of networked advocacy draws on interdisciplinary sources, including communication theory, political science, and sociology.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Theories of networked advocacy have been heavily influenced by social movement literature, and refer to the preexisting networks used to create and support collective actions and advocacy as well as the networks that such actions and advocacy create.", "Anoka Primrose Abeyrathne __knowledge__ Anoka Primrose Abeyrathne also known as Anoka Abeyratne is an award-winning Sri Lankan conservationist, eco-social entrepreneurship pioneer, environmental expert and youth activist on sustainable development and entrepreneurial issues in Sri Lanka and Asia.", "Anoka Primrose Abeyrathne __knowledge__ Abeyratne presented the Keynote speech of the Youth Leaders Forum, Commonwealth Asia Youth Ministers Meeting 2015 and is the first Sri Lankan to be elected to represent the Asia-Pacific region to the global UN Habitat Youth Advisory Board in October 2015 and to the Commonwealth Youth Climate Change Network Leadership Team as Policy and Advocacy representative in June 2016.", "Aldeburgh Music __knowledge__ Aldeburgh Music is a registered charity delivering music performance, artist development and education, located in converted Victorian malting buildings on the edge of the River Alde in the village of Snape, Suffolk.", "Aldeburgh Music __knowledge__ Founded by Benjamin Britten, Peter Pears and Eric Crozier in 1947 as an organisation to present the first Aldeburgh Festival of Music and the Arts in 1948, Aldeburgh Music today carries on the founders' aim of presenting a world-class music programme with its roots in the local community and artist development at its heart, in the inspirational setting of the Suffolk coast.", "Aldeburgh Music __knowledge__ Each year Aldeburgh Music promotes the Aldeburgh Festival of Music and the Arts, the Snape Proms, concert series at Easter and October, together with a year-round performance programme at Snape Maltings Concert Hall and other venues on the Snape site.", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) is a media organization which posts talks online for free distribution, under the slogan \"ideas worth spreading\".", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED was founded in February 1984 as a conference, which has been held annually since 1990.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED's early emphasis was technology and design, consistent with its Silicon Valley origins, but it has since broadened its focus to include talks on many scientific, cultural, and academic topics.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ The main TED conference is held annually in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada at the Vancouver Convention Centre.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ Prior to 2014, the conference was held in Long Beach.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED events are also held throughout North America and in Europe and Asia, offering live streaming of the talks.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ They address a wide range of topics within the research and practice of science and culture, often through storytelling.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ The speakers are given a maximum of 18 minutes to present their ideas in the most innovative and engaging ways they can.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ Past speakers include Bill Clinton, Jane Goodall, Al Gore, Gordon Brown, David Cameron, Billy Graham, Richard Dawkins, Bill Gates, Dolph Lundgren, Bono, Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, and many Nobel Prize winners.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED's current curator is the British former computer journalist and magazine publisher Chris Anderson.", "Mail art __knowledge__ Mail art (also known as postal art and correspondence art) is a populist artistic movement centered on sending small scale works through the postal service.", "Mail art __knowledge__ It initially developed out of what eventually became Ray Johnson's New York Correspondence School in the 1950s and the Fluxus movement in the 1960s, though it has since developed into a global movement that continues to the present.", "Mail art __knowledge__ Media commonly used in mail art include postcards, paper, a collage of found or recycled images and objects, rubber stamps, artist-created stamps (called artistamps), and paint, but can also include music, sound art, poetry, or anything that can be put in an envelope and sent via post.", "Blood Creek __knowledge__ Blood Creek, previously known as Creek and Town Creek, is a horror film directed by Joel Schumacher, starring Michael Fassbender as the main antagonist and written by David Kajganich.", "Blood Creek __knowledge__ The film had a limited theatrical release on September 18, 2009.", "Blood Creek __knowledge__ The film also stars Dominic Purcell and Henry Cavill as brothers on a mission of revenge who become trapped in a harrowing occult experiment dating back to the Third Reich.", "Blood Creek __knowledge__ In 1936, a German professor, Richard Wirth, is hosted by the Wollners, a family of German emigrants in West Virginia.", "Blood Creek __knowledge__ The Wollners believe him to be a visiting scholar, but Wirth turns out to be a Nazi occultist who seeks a Viking runestone buried on their property.", "Susan Cain __knowledge__ Susan Horowitz Cain (born 1968) is an American writer and lecturer, and author of the 2012 non-fiction book \",\" which argues that modern Western culture misunderstands and undervalues the traits and capabilities of introverted people.", "Susan Cain __knowledge__ In 2015, Cain co-founded Quiet Revolution, a mission-based company with initiatives in the areas of children (parenting and education), lifestyle, and the workplace.", "Susan Cain __knowledge__ Cain's 2016 follow-on book, \",\" focused on introverted children and teens, the book also being directed to their educators and parents.", "Susan Cain __knowledge__ Cain graduated from Princeton University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1989 and earned her Juris Doctor degree from Harvard Law School in 1993.", "Beer ice cream __knowledge__ Beer ice cream is a type of ice cream prepared using beer as an ingredient.", "Beer ice cream __knowledge__ Beer ice cream prepared using darker beers typically has a more distinct flavor compared to that prepared using lighter beers.", "Beer ice cream __knowledge__ The alcohol in the beer is sometimes present in the finished ice cream, while other preparations involve cooking, which can evaporate the alcohol.", "Beer ice cream __knowledge__ An ice cream float can be made using beer.", "Beer ice cream __knowledge__ Beer ice cream is prepared using typical ice cream ingredients and beer.", "Beer ice cream __knowledge__ Various flavors are imparted to the ice cream based upon what type of beer is used.", "Beer ice cream __knowledge__ For example, the use of stout beer can impart a malty and caramel-like flavor, and the use of pilsner, India pale ale and pale ale can impart flavors of bitterness.", "Ananda Shankar Jayant __knowledge__ Ananda Shankar Jayant is an Indian classical dancer, choreographer, scholar and bureaucrat, known for her proficiency in the classical dance forms of Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi.", "Ananda Shankar Jayant __knowledge__ She is the first woman officer in the Indian Railway Traffic Service and her 2009 TED talk is ranked among the top twelve \"Incredible TED talks on cancer\".", "Ananda Shankar Jayant __knowledge__ She is a recipient of Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, Kalaimamani Award of the Government of Tamil Nadu and Kala Ratna Award of the Government of Andhra Pradesh.", "Ananda Shankar Jayant __knowledge__ The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2007, for her contributions to arts.", "Rutger Bregman __knowledge__ Rutger C. Bregman (born 1988) is a historian and author.", "Rutger Bregman __knowledge__ He has published four books on history, philosophy and economics, including \"Utopia for Realists: How We Can Build the Ideal World\", which has been translated into twenty languages.", "Rutger Bregman __knowledge__ The Dutch edition of \"Utopia for Realists\" \"became a national bestseller and sparked a basic income movement that soon made international headlines.\"", "Rutger Bregman __knowledge__ His work has been featured in \"The Washington Post\" and \"The Guardian\" the BBC.", "Rutger Bregman __knowledge__ He was described by \"The Guardian\" as the \"Dutch wunderkind of new ideas.\"", "Rutger Bregman __knowledge__ and by \"Ted Talks\" as \"one of Europe's most prominent young thinkers.\"", "List of awards and nominations received by Madonna __knowledge__ Madonna is an American singer, songwriter, and actress.", "List of awards and nominations received by Madonna __knowledge__ Born in Bay City, Michigan, on August 16, 1958, and raised in Rochester Hills, Michigan, she moved to New York City in 1978, for a career in modern dance.", "List of awards and nominations received by Madonna __knowledge__ After performing as a member of the pop musical groups Breakfast Club and Emmy, she released her self-titled debut album, \"Madonna\" in 1983, by Sire Records.", "List of awards and nominations received by Madonna __knowledge__ She received a Best New Artist nomination at the 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA) for the song \"Borderline\".", "List of awards and nominations received by Madonna __knowledge__ \"Madonna\" was followed by a series of hit singles from her studio albums \"Like a Virgin\" (1984) and \"True Blue\" (1986) which gave her global recognition.", "List of awards and nominations received by Cher __knowledge__ Cher is an American singer, actress, producer, author and philanthropist.", "List of awards and nominations received by Cher __knowledge__ She has been honored with numerous worldwide awards and accolades recognizing her success in music, television, fashion and film, both as a solo artist and as part of Sonny & Cher.", "List of awards and nominations received by Cher __knowledge__ She has also been honored for her humanitarian and charity work.", "List of awards and nominations received by Cher __knowledge__ She has won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, three Golden Globe Awards, and the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival, making her one of few artists to have received those top honors.", "List of awards and nominations received by Cher __knowledge__ Cher is also the only artist to date to have achieved a number-one single on a Billboard chart in each of the past six decades.", "Tucson, Arizona __knowledge__ Tucson ( ) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona.", "Tucson, Arizona __knowledge__ The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2015 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 980,263.", "Tucson, Arizona __knowledge__ The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA), with a total population of 1,010,025 as of the 2010 Census.", "Tucson, Arizona __knowledge__ Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor.", "Tucson, Arizona __knowledge__ The city is located southeast of Phoenix and north of the U.S.–Mexico border.", "Germany–Japan relations __knowledge__ The relations between Germany and Japan (, ) were officially established in 1861 with the first ambassadorial visit to Japan from Prussia (which predated the formation of the German Empire in 1866/1870).", "Germany–Japan relations __knowledge__ Japan modernized rapidly after the Meiji Restoration of 1867, often using German models through intense intellectual and cultural exchange.", "Germany–Japan relations __knowledge__ After 1900 Japan aligned itself with Britain, and Germany and Japan were enemies in World War I. Japan declared war on the German Empire in 1914 and seized key German possessions in China and the Pacific.", "Germany–Japan relations __knowledge__ In the 1930s, both countries adopted aggressive militaristic attitudes toward their respective regions.", "Iran–Iraq War __knowledge__ The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq, beginning on 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, and ending on 20 August 1988, when Iran accepted the UN-brokered ceasefire.", "Iran–Iraq War __knowledge__ Iraq wanted to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state, and was worried that the 1979 Iranian Revolution would lead Iraq's Shi'ite majority to rebel against the Ba'athist government.", "Iran–Iraq War __knowledge__ The war also followed a long history of border disputes, and Iraq planned to annex the oil-rich Khuzestan Province and the east bank of the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rud).", "Iran–Iraq War __knowledge__ Although Iraq hoped to take advantage of Iran's post-revolutionary chaos, it made limited progress and was quickly repelled; Iran regained virtually all lost territory by June 1982." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) is a media organization which posts talks online for free distribution, under the slogan \"ideas worth spreading\".", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED was founded in February 1984 as a conference, which has been held annually since 1990.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED's early emphasis was technology and design, consistent with its Silicon Valley origins, but it has since broadened its focus to include talks on many scientific, cultural, and academic topics.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ The main TED conference is held annually in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada at the Vancouver Convention Centre.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ Prior to 2014, the conference was held in Long Beach.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED events are also held throughout North America and in Europe and Asia, offering live streaming of the talks.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ They address a wide range of topics within the research and practice of science and culture, often through storytelling.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ The speakers are given a maximum of 18 minutes to present their ideas in the most innovative and engaging ways they can.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ Past speakers include Bill Clinton, Jane Goodall, Al Gore, Gordon Brown, David Cameron, Billy Graham, Richard Dawkins, Bill Gates, Dolph Lundgren, Bono, Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, and many Nobel Prize winners.", "TED (conference) __knowledge__ TED's current curator is the British former computer journalist and magazine publisher Chris Anderson.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ \"Pretty Much Dead Already\" is the seventh episode and mid-season finale of the second season, and 13th episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series \"The Walking Dead\".", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ It originally aired on AMC in the United States on November 27, 2011.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ In the episode, Glenn (Steven Yeun) reveals to the group that there are walkers in the Greenes' barn, dividing the group on what to do.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ Hershel Greene (Scott Wilson) sets a deadline for the group to leave, unless Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) does a difficult task.", "Pretty Much Dead Already __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal) slowly loses his sanity after many secrets around him are revealed and Carol Peletier begins to question whether her daughter, Sophia will be found.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The Web browser was released outside CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991.", "World Wide Web __knowledge__ The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet.", "Ron E Sparks __knowledge__ Ron E Sparks is a well-known Australian radio personality and voice talent.", "Ron E Sparks __knowledge__ Born on 4 March 1951 and raised in Brisbane, Sparks now lives in the north Sydney suburb of Cammeray with his wife and two sons.", "Ron E Sparks __knowledge__ The \"E\" in \"Ron E Sparks\" does not stand for anything.", "Ron E Sparks __knowledge__ It was originally added by a program director who thought that \"Ronnie Sparks\" sounded too immature, and wanted Sparks to transition gradually to using just \"Ron\" (which he has resisted doing).", "Ron E Sparks __knowledge__ Sparks worked in several regional radio stations as a young man.", "Ron E Sparks __knowledge__ Moving to Sydney in the 1970s, he managed to score a role on air at the then top rating AM station 2SM as \"Ron E. Sparx\", and quickly became one of Sydney's most respected announcers.", "Susan Cain __knowledge__ Susan Horowitz Cain (born 1968) is an American writer and lecturer, and author of the 2012 non-fiction book \",\" which argues that modern Western culture misunderstands and undervalues the traits and capabilities of introverted people.", "Susan Cain __knowledge__ In 2015, Cain co-founded Quiet Revolution, a mission-based company with initiatives in the areas of children (parenting and education), lifestyle, and the workplace.", "Susan Cain __knowledge__ Cain's 2016 follow-on book, \",\" focused on introverted children and teens, the book also being directed to their educators and parents.", "Susan Cain __knowledge__ Cain graduated from Princeton University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1989 and earned her Juris Doctor degree from Harvard Law School in 1993.", "Standard (warez) __knowledge__ Standards in the warez scene are defined by groups of people who have been involved in its activities for several years and have established connections to large groups.", "Standard (warez) __knowledge__ These people form a committee, which creates drafts for approval of the large groups.", "Standard (warez) __knowledge__ Outside the warez scene, often referred to as p2p, there are no global rules similar to the scene, although some groups and individuals could have their own internal guidelines they follow.", "Standard (warez) __knowledge__ In warez distribution, all releases must follow these predefined standards to become accepted material.", "Standard (warez) __knowledge__ The standards committee usually cycles several drafts and finally decides which is best suited for the purpose, and then releases the draft for approval.", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ The American sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\" premiered on CBS on September 19, 2005.", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ Created by Craig Thomas and Carter Bays, the show is presented from the perspective of Ted Mosby in 2030 (\"Future Ted\") as he tells his children how he met the titular mother.", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ The show lasted for nine seasons and 208 episodes; the finale first aired on March 31, 2014.", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ The main characters are: Ted, a romantic searching for \"The One\"; Barney Stinson, a womanizer; Robin Scherbatsky, a journalist who moved to New York in 2005; and Marshall Eriksen and Lily Aldrin, a long-term couple.", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ Although the show is based around The Mother, her first appearance is not until the season-eight finale.", "List of Facebook features __knowledge__ Facebook is a social network service website launched on February 4, 2004.", "List of Facebook features __knowledge__ This is a list of software and technology features that can be found on the Facebook website and are available to users of the social media site.", "List of Facebook features __knowledge__ The news feed is the primary system through which users are exposed to content posted on the network.", "List of Facebook features __knowledge__ Using a secret method (initially known as EdgeRank), Facebook selects a handful updates to actually show users every time they visit their feed, out of an average of 1500 updates they can potentially receive.", "List of Facebook features __knowledge__ On September 6, 2006, Ruchi Sanghvi announced a new home page feature called News Feed.", "Facebook __knowledge__ Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service company based in Menlo Park, California.", "Facebook __knowledge__ The Facebook website was launched on February 4, 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates, Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes.", "Facebook __knowledge__ The founders had initially limited the website's membership to Harvard students; however, later they expanded it to higher education institutions in the Boston area, the Ivy League schools, and Stanford University.", "Facebook __knowledge__ Facebook gradually added support for students at various other universities, and eventually to high school students as well.", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.", "YouTube __knowledge__ The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries.", "YouTube __knowledge__ YouTube allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on videos, and subscribe to other users.", "YouTube __knowledge__ It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos.", "YouTube __knowledge__ Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers, live streams, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Twitter () is an online news and social networking service where users post and interact with messages, known as \"tweets.\"", "Twitter __knowledge__ These messages were originally restricted to 140 characters, but on November 7, 2017, the limit was doubled to 280 characters for all languages except Japanese, Korean and Chinese.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Registered users can post tweets, but those who are unregistered can only read them.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Users access Twitter through its website interface, Short Message Service (SMS) or mobile device application software (\"app\").", "Twitter __knowledge__ Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco, California, United States, and has more than 25 offices around the world.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Criticism of Facebook relates to how Facebook's market dominance have led to international media coverage and significant reporting of its shortcomings.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Notable issues include Internet privacy, such as its use of a widespread \"like\" button on third-party websites tracking users, possible indefinite records of user information, automatic facial recognition software, and its role in the workplace, including employer-employee account disclosure.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ The use of Facebook can have psychological effects, including feelings of jealousy and stress, a lack of attention, and social media addiction, in some cases comparable to drug addiction.", "Live streaming __knowledge__ Live streaming refers to online streaming media simultaneously recorded and broadcast in real time to the viewer.", "Live streaming __knowledge__ It is often simply referred to as streaming.", "Live streaming __knowledge__ Live stream services encompass a wide variety of topics, from social media to video games.", "Live streaming __knowledge__ Apps such as Facebook Live, Periscope, and 17 include the streaming of scheduled promotions and celebrity events as well as streaming between users.", "Live streaming __knowledge__ Sites such as Twitch.tv have become popular outlets for watching people play video games, such as in eSports, Let's Play-style gaming, or speedrunning.", "Live streaming __knowledge__ Lifecasting or lifestreaming is a real-life activity facilitated by live streaming." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 6, 10 ]

[ "TED stands for technology entertainment and design, have you ever heard of them? They are a media organization which posts talks online for free distribution. Their slogan is ideas worth spreading.", "it was found february 1984 as a confrence and has been held annually since 1990 so that is a no, it is relatively new. ted talks are very inspiring and insightful you should listen to some!", "well i dont know if they hold podcasts but they do have speakers on a stage and they record the speaks and upload them to their site with transcripts. they also write articles i read from time to time on facebook. their events are also held thhroughout north america, in europe, and asia offering live streaming of the talks as well.", "Ricky wurman i believe is the founder. the current curator is the british former computer journalist and magazine publisher chris anderson by the way." ]

[ "TED (conference)", "TED (conference)", "TED (conference)", "TED (conference)" ]

[ "Netflix", "I have a netflix membership and enjoy watching a lot of movies and documentaries", "Netflix is very reasonably priced and you can watch on four different computers or tv's" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production as well as online distribution.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Los Gatos, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflix's founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental service.", "Netflix __knowledge__ The company expanded internationally, with streaming made available to Canada in 2010 and continued growing its streaming service from there; by January 2016, Netflix services operated in over 190 countries.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, \"House of Cards\".", "Netflix __knowledge__ It has greatly expanded the production of both film and television series since then, offering \"Netflix Original\" content through its online library of films and television.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, more than any other network or cable channel." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production as well as online distribution.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Los Gatos, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflix's founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental service.", "Netflix __knowledge__ The company expanded internationally, with streaming made available to Canada in 2010 and continued growing its streaming service from there; by January 2016, Netflix services operated in over 190 countries.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, \"House of Cards\".", "Netflix __knowledge__ It has greatly expanded the production of both film and television series since then, offering \"Netflix Original\" content through its online library of films and television.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, more than any other network or cable channel.", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American global provider of streaming films and television series.", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ Since its launch in 1998, it has been at the centre of numerous legal issues and controversies.", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ In 2006, Netflix held the first Netflix Prize competition to find a better program to predict user preferences and beat its existing Netflix movie recommendation system, known as Cinematch, by at least 10%.", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ CEO Hastings did not necessarily expect a lot of quick progress towards the prize, \"We thought we built the best darn thing ever.\"", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ But by June 2007, Hastings said the competition is \"three-quarters of the way there in three-quarters of a year.\"", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "Sense8 __knowledge__ Sense8 (a play on the word \"sensate\" ) is an American science fiction drama web television series created by Lana and Lilly Wachowski and J. Michael Straczynski for Netflix.", "Sense8 __knowledge__ The production companies behind \"Sense8\" include the Wachowskis' Anarchos Productions (replaced by Lana and her wife's Venus Castina Productions in the second season), Straczynski's Studio JMS, and Georgeville Television, with Unpronounceable Productions having been set up specifically for this show.", "Sense8 __knowledge__ The show's first season introduced a multinational ensemble cast, with Aml Ameen, Doona Bae, Jamie Clayton, Tina Desai, Tuppence Middleton, Max Riemelt, Miguel Ángel Silvestre and Brian J. Smith portraying eight strangers from different parts of the world who suddenly become \"sensates\"; human beings who are mentally and emotionally linked.", "Luke Cage (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of the American web television series \"Luke Cage\", which is based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, follows a former convict with superhuman strength and unbreakable skin who fights crime in Harlem.", "Luke Cage (season 1) __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise.", "Luke Cage (season 1) __knowledge__ The season was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Cheo Hodari Coker serving as showrunner.", "Luke Cage (season 1) __knowledge__ Mike Colter stars as Cage, reprising his role from the series \"Jessica Jones\".", "Luke Cage (season 1) __knowledge__ He is joined by principal cast members Mahershala Ali, Simone Missick, Theo Rossi, Erik LaRay Harvey, Rosario Dawson, and Alfre Woodard.", "HBO __knowledge__ Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc.", "HBO __knowledge__ Programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with made-for-cable movies and documentaries, boxing matches, and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service (basic or premium) in the United States, having been in operation since November 8, 1972.", "HBO __knowledge__ In 2016, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.93 billion, compared to the US$1.88 billion it accrued in 2015.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "Scotts Valley, California __knowledge__ Scotts Valley is a small city in Santa Cruz County, California, United States, about thirty miles (48 km) south of downtown San Jose and six miles (10 km) north of the city of Santa Cruz, in the upland slope of the Santa Cruz Mountains.", "Scotts Valley, California __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the city population was 11,580.", "Scotts Valley, California __knowledge__ Principal access to the city is supplied by State Route 17 that connects San Jose and Santa Cruz.", "Scotts Valley, California __knowledge__ The city was incorporated in 1966.", "Scotts Valley, California __knowledge__ Scotts Valley is named for John Scott, who discovered gold at Scott’s Bar.", "Scotts Valley, California __knowledge__ Approximately ten thousand years ago there was a lake in the lowest elevation of Scotts Valley, and Paleo Indians lived near its shores.", "Marc Randolph __knowledge__ Marc Bernays Randolph (born April 29, 1958) is an American tech entrepreneur, advisor and environmental advocate.", "Marc Randolph __knowledge__ He is the co-founder and first CEO of Netflix.", "Marc Randolph __knowledge__ A serial entrepreneur who helped found the U.S. edition of \"Macworld\" magazine and the computer mail-order businesses MacWarehouse and MicroWarehouse, Randolph now serves on the boards of Looker Data Sciences and Chubbies Shorts.", "Marc Randolph __knowledge__ He previously served on the boards of Getable, Rafter, ReadyForce.", "Marc Randolph __knowledge__ Randolph, who has equated founding companies to his experience as a mountain guide, is the chairman of the board of trustees of the National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) in Lander, Wyoming and a board member of the environmental advocacy group 1% for the Planet.", "Reed Hastings __knowledge__ Wilmot Reed Hastings Jr. (born October 8, 1960) is an American entrepreneur and philanthropist.", "Reed Hastings __knowledge__ He is the co-founder, Chairman and CEO of Netflix and serves on the boards of Facebook and a number of non-profit organizations.", "Reed Hastings __knowledge__ A former member of the California State Board of Education, Hastings is an advocate for education reform through charter schools.", "Reed Hastings __knowledge__ Hastings was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Joan Amory (Loomis) and Wilmot Reed Hastings.", "Reed Hastings __knowledge__ His maternal great-grandfather was attorney, financier, scientist, inventor and philanthropist Alfred Lee Loomis.", "Reed Hastings __knowledge__ He attended Buckingham Browne & Nichols School in Cambridge, Massachusetts.", "List of accolades received by Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American on-demand internet streaming media provider.", "List of accolades received by Netflix __knowledge__ The company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California.", "List of accolades received by Netflix __knowledge__ It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail.", "List of accolades received by Netflix __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production, as well as online distribution.", "List of accolades received by Netflix __knowledge__ Due to the release of original content and its reception, Netflix became a contender for major awards.", "List of accolades received by Netflix __knowledge__ On July 18, 2013, Netflix became the first streaming service to earned major nominations and eventually win a Primetime Emmy Award.", "List of accolades received by Netflix __knowledge__ Also \"House of Cards\" became the first online-only web television program to be nominated and its pilot episode, \"Chapter 1\", was the first webisode of a television series to win an Emmy.", "Scotts Valley Unified School District __knowledge__ The Scotts Valley Unified School District is a public school district located in Santa Cruz County, California, U.S. which operates four schools educating about 2,700 students.", "Scotts Valley Unified School District __knowledge__ The Scotts Valley Unified School District operates four public schools: Scotts Valley High School (grades 9 to 12), Scotts Valley Middle School (grades 6 to 8), and two elementary schools: Vine Hill School (grades Kindergarten to 5) and Brook Knoll School.", "Scotts Valley Unified School District __knowledge__ They also operate an Independent Study/Home School program.", "Scotts Valley Unified School District __knowledge__ Together these schools serve more than 2,600 students each year.", "Scotts Valley Unified School District __knowledge__ Each of these elementary schools is ranked among the best in California.", "Net neutrality in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, net neutrality has been an issue of contention among network users and access providers since the 1990s.", "Net neutrality in the United States __knowledge__ Until 2015, there were no clear legal protections requiring net neutrality.", "Net neutrality in the United States __knowledge__ Throughout 2005 and 2006, corporations supporting both sides of the issue zealously lobbied Congress.", "Net neutrality in the United States __knowledge__ Between 2005 and 2012, five attempts to pass bills in Congress containing net neutrality provisions failed.", "Net neutrality in the United States __knowledge__ Each sought to prohibit Internet service providers from using various variable pricing models based upon the user's quality of service level, described as tiered service in the industry and as price discrimination arising from abuse of \"local monopolies enshrined in law\" by some economists." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production as well as online distribution.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Los Gatos, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflix's founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental service.", "Netflix __knowledge__ The company expanded internationally, with streaming made available to Canada in 2010 and continued growing its streaming service from there; by January 2016, Netflix services operated in over 190 countries.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, \"House of Cards\".", "Netflix __knowledge__ It has greatly expanded the production of both film and television series since then, offering \"Netflix Original\" content through its online library of films and television.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, more than any other network or cable channel.", "Top Gear test track __knowledge__ The \"Top Gear\" test track is used by the BBC automotive television programme \"Top Gear\".", "Top Gear test track __knowledge__ It is located at Dunsfold Aerodrome in Surrey, United Kingdom.", "Top Gear test track __knowledge__ The track was designed by Lotus Cars as a testing facility, with many of its Formula One cars tested there.", "Top Gear test track __knowledge__ It is used to test both cars and drivers seen on the programme, mainly in \"Power Laps\" and \"Star in a Reasonably Priced Car\".", "Top Gear test track __knowledge__ For the 23rd series of \"Top Gear\" the track was expanded with a rallycross section for the new \"Star in a Rallycross Car\" segment, but it was abandoned at the end of that series.", "Top Gear test track __knowledge__ In December 2016 planning permission was granted for 1800 homes to be built on the current site of the aerodrome.", "Top Gear (2002 TV series) __knowledge__ Top Gear is a British television series about motor vehicles, primarily cars.", "Top Gear (2002 TV series) __knowledge__ It is a relaunched version of the original 1977 show of the same name, airing since 2002, and has become the most widely watched factual television programme in the world.", "Top Gear (2002 TV series) __knowledge__ Since the relaunch, the conventional motoring magazine programme has developed a quirky, humorous and sometimes controversial style over time, and has become a significant show in British popular culture.", "Top Gear (2002 TV series) __knowledge__ During its first 22 series, the programme received acclaim for its visual style and presentation as well as criticism for its content and often politically incorrect commentary made by its former presenters Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond, and James May.", "The Stig __knowledge__ The Stig is a character on the British motoring television show \"Top Gear\".", "The Stig __knowledge__ The character is a play on the anonymity of racing drivers' full-face helmets, with the running joke that nobody knows who is inside the Stig's racing suit.", "The Stig __knowledge__ The Stig's primary role is setting lap times for cars tested on the show, as well as instructing celebrity guests, off-camera, for the show's \"Star in a Reasonably Priced Car\" segment.", "The Stig __knowledge__ The identity of the original \"Black\" Stig, Perry McCarthy, was exposed by a Sunday newspaper in January 2003, and confirmed by McCarthy later that year.", "The Stig __knowledge__ The black-suited Stig was subsequently \"killed off\" that October in the series 3 premiere, and replaced in the following episode by a new White Stig who lasted through to the end of series 15.", "Top Gear (series 8) __knowledge__ The eighth series of \"Top Gear\" was aired during 2006 and consisted of eight episodes.", "Top Gear (series 8) __knowledge__ Because of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the series, which began on 7 May, took a month-long break from 4 June to 16 July, eventually concluding on 30 July.", "Top Gear (series 8) __knowledge__ The series saw the introduction of a new opening title sequence which featured segments of footage taken from previous series behind silhouettes of the three presenters; the footage used would be changed over time, during the 14 series that the sequence was in use.", "Top Gear (series 8) __knowledge__ In addition, the show was presented from a new studio, there was a new reasonably priced car, and one of Hammond's dogs, named \"Top Gear Dog\" (or \"TeeGee\" later on), joined the team throughout the series while making guest appearances in Series 9.", "Top Gear (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Top Gear is an American motoring television series, based on the BBC series of the same name.", "Top Gear (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The show's presenters are professional racing driver Tanner Foust, actor and comedian Adam Ferrara, and automotive and racing analyst Rutledge Wood.", "Top Gear (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ As with the original British version, the show has its own version of The Stig, an anonymous racing driver, and a celebrity guest was featured each week for the first two seasons.", "Top Gear (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The show premiered on November 21, 2010, on History.", "Top Gear (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Its most recent season, Season 6, began airing on April 26, 2016.", "Top Gear (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ On June 28, 2016, the BBC confirmed that the series has completed its contractual run on the History channel, and that they have \"begun exploring new opportunities for the series in the US.\"", "Reasonably Priced Comics __knowledge__ Reasonably Priced Comics is an American publisher of comic books, known for publication of the detective series \"Jack Hammer\" and its self-titled anthology.", "Reasonably Priced Comics __knowledge__ The name is derived from the company's practice of keeping their per-issue retail price as low as they possibly can.", "Reasonably Priced Comics __knowledge__ Reasonably Priced Comics was founded in 2009 by Brandon Barrows and Justin Brauman with the intention of publishing comics that they, as fans, would like to read and in order to draw attention to their own work.", "Reasonably Priced Comics __knowledge__ Brauman left the nascent company shortly after over disagreements regarding their publishing model.", "Reasonably Priced Comics __knowledge__ Barrows was later joined by Phillip \"Flip\" Katz as editorial assistant.", "List of accolades received by Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American on-demand internet streaming media provider.", "List of accolades received by Netflix __knowledge__ The company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California.", "List of accolades received by Netflix __knowledge__ It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail.", "List of accolades received by Netflix __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production, as well as online distribution.", "List of accolades received by Netflix __knowledge__ Due to the release of original content and its reception, Netflix became a contender for major awards.", "List of accolades received by Netflix __knowledge__ On July 18, 2013, Netflix became the first streaming service to earned major nominations and eventually win a Primetime Emmy Award.", "List of accolades received by Netflix __knowledge__ Also \"House of Cards\" became the first online-only web television program to be nominated and its pilot episode, \"Chapter 1\", was the first webisode of a television series to win an Emmy.", "Digital distribution __knowledge__ Digital distribution (also referred to as content delivery, online distribution, or electronic software distribution (ESD), among others) is the delivery or distribution of media content such as audio, video, software and video games.", "Digital distribution __knowledge__ The term is generally used to describe distribution over an online delivery medium, such as the Internet, thus bypassing physical distribution methods, such as paper, compact discs, and VHS videocassettes.", "Digital distribution __knowledge__ The term online distribution is typically applied to freestanding products; downloadable add-ons for other products are more commonly known as downloadable content.", "International expansion of Netflix __knowledge__ The company began offering streaming service to the international market on September 22, 2010 to Canada.", "International expansion of Netflix __knowledge__ At the time, Canadians could subscribe to Netflix for $7.99 a month, a rate that CEO Hastings called, \"the lowest, most aggressive price we've ever had anywhere in the world.\"", "International expansion of Netflix __knowledge__ However, despite the proclaimed low price, content selection in Canada was extremely limited.", "International expansion of Netflix __knowledge__ In 2012, data conducted by Josh Loewen for Canadian Business Online found that in the United States there were 10,625 unique titles in Netflix's library, whereas in Canada there were only 2,647.", "International expansion of Netflix __knowledge__ This could be blamed on differences in distribution deals in the United States and Canada.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "The Legend of Korra __knowledge__ The Legend of Korra is an American animated television series that aired on the Nickelodeon television network from 2012 to 2014.", "The Legend of Korra __knowledge__ It was created by Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino as a sequel to \"\", which aired from 2005 to 2008.", "The Legend of Korra __knowledge__ Animated in a style strongly influenced by anime, the series is set in a fictional universe in which some people can manipulate, or \"bend\", the elements of water, earth, fire, or air.", "The Legend of Korra __knowledge__ Only one person, the \"Avatar\", can bend all four elements, and is responsible for maintaining balance in the world.", "The Legend of Korra __knowledge__ The series follows Avatar Korra, the reincarnation of Aang from the previous series, as she faces political and spiritual unrest in a modernizing world.", "Sense8 __knowledge__ Sense8 (a play on the word \"sensate\" ) is an American science fiction drama web television series created by Lana and Lilly Wachowski and J. Michael Straczynski for Netflix.", "Sense8 __knowledge__ The production companies behind \"Sense8\" include the Wachowskis' Anarchos Productions (replaced by Lana and her wife's Venus Castina Productions in the second season), Straczynski's Studio JMS, and Georgeville Television, with Unpronounceable Productions having been set up specifically for this show.", "Sense8 __knowledge__ The show's first season introduced a multinational ensemble cast, with Aml Ameen, Doona Bae, Jamie Clayton, Tina Desai, Tuppence Middleton, Max Riemelt, Miguel Ángel Silvestre and Brian J. Smith portraying eight strangers from different parts of the world who suddenly become \"sensates\"; human beings who are mentally and emotionally linked." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4 ]

[ "Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley , California", "In 2013 , Netflix expanded into film and television production as well as online distribution", "It is headquartered in Los Gatos , California." ]

[ "Netflix", "Netflix", "Netflix" ]

[ "Grey's Anatomy", "No ,what's about it?", "That's interesting ,can you tell me more about it?", "Is it a medical reality programme?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Although the series is set in Seattle (at the fictional Seattle Grace, later known as the Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital), it is filmed primarily in Los Angeles, California.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The show was originally titled \"Complications\", a double-edged reference to both the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the characters.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The series was designed to be racially diverse and used color-blind casting.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ It revolves around the title character, Dr. Meredith Grey, played by Ellen Pompeo, first featured as an intern." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Although the series is set in Seattle (at the fictional Seattle Grace, later known as the Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital), it is filmed primarily in Los Angeles, California.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The show was originally titled \"Complications\", a double-edged reference to both the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the characters.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The series was designed to be racially diverse and used color-blind casting.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ It revolves around the title character, Dr. Meredith Grey, played by Ellen Pompeo, first featured as an intern.", "Holby City __knowledge__ Holby City (styled as HOLBY CIY) is a British medical drama television series that airs weekly on BBC One.", "Holby City __knowledge__ The series was created by Tony McHale and Mal Young as a spin-off from the established BBC medical drama \"Casualty\", and premiered on 12 January 1999.", "Holby City __knowledge__ It is set in the same hospital as \"Casualty\", in the fictional city of Holby, and featured occasional crossovers of characters and plots with both \"Casualty\" (which featured dedicated episodes broadcast as \"Casualty@Holby City\") and the show's 2007 police procedural spin-off \"HolbyBlue\".", "Holby City __knowledge__ Its first executive producers were Young and Johnathan Young, who were succeeded by Kathleen Hutchison from 2002 to 2004, Richard Stokes from 2004 to 2006, McHale from 2006 to 2010, Belinda Campbell from 2010 to 2011, Johnathan Young from 2011 to 2013, Oliver Kent from 2013 to 2017 and Simon Harper from 2017.", "Meredith Grey __knowledge__ Meredith Grey, M.D.", "Meredith Grey __knowledge__ is a fictional character from the medical drama television series \"Grey's Anatomy\", which airs on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States.", "Meredith Grey __knowledge__ The character was created by series' producer Shonda Rhimes, and is portrayed by actress Ellen Pompeo.", "Meredith Grey __knowledge__ Meredith is the series' protagonist and title character, and was introduced as a surgical intern at the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital (later Seattle Grace-Mercy West, and afterwards Grey Sloan Memorial), eventually obtaining the position of a resident, and later the position of an attending, and in 2015, attaining the Chief of General Surgery position.", "SMAP __knowledge__ SMAP was a Japanese boy band, composed of Masahiro Nakai, Takuya Kimura, Goro Inagaki, Tsuyoshi Kusanagi, and Shingo Katori.", "SMAP __knowledge__ The group was created in 1988 by music producer Johnny Kitagawa, founder of Johnny & Associates, originally as a six-piece with Katsuyuki Mori, until his departure from the band in 1996.", "SMAP __knowledge__ After making their debut in 1991, the group took the Japanese entertainment industry by storm, becoming the most successful boy band in Japanese history and the bestselling band in Asia, often referred to as a \"national treasure\" and a \"fortune and property of the country\" in Japan.", "SMAP __knowledge__ SMAP was regarded as an iconic figure in Japan, after achieving an unprecedented level of success in numerous genres in the entertainment industry, including music, television, film, radio, and theater, as a group and individually.", "Katherine Heigl __knowledge__ Katherine Marie Heigl (; born November 24, 1978) is an American actress, film producer, and former fashion model.", "Katherine Heigl __knowledge__ She started her career as a child model with Wilhelmina Models before turning her attention to acting, making her film debut in \"That Night\" (1992) and later appearing in \"My Father the Hero\" (1994) as well as \"\" (1995).", "Katherine Heigl __knowledge__ Heigl then landed the role of Isabel Evans on The WB television series \"Roswell\" (1999–2002), for which she received nominations for Saturn and Teen Choice Awards.", "Katherine Heigl __knowledge__ From 2005 to 2010, Heigl starred as Izzie Stevens on the ABC television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", a role which brought her significant recognition and accolades, including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2007.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 3) __knowledge__ The third season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, commenced airing on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 21, 2006, and concluded on May 17, 2007.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 3) __knowledge__ The season was produced by Touchstone Television, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company, the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 3) __knowledge__ Actors Ellen Pompeo, Sandra Oh, Katherine Heigl, Justin Chambers, and T.R.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 3) __knowledge__ Knight reprised their roles as surgical interns Meredith Grey, Cristina Yang, Izzie Stevens, Alex Karev, and George O'Malley, respectively, continuing their expansive storylines as focal points throughout the season.", "Private Practice (TV series) __knowledge__ Private Practice is an American medical drama television series which aired on ABC from September 26, 2007, to January 22, 2013.", "Private Practice (TV series) __knowledge__ A spin-off of \"Grey's Anatomy\", the series takes place at Seaside Wellness Center (formerly Oceanside Health & Wellness Group) and chronicles the life of Dr. Addison Montgomery, played by Kate Walsh, as she leaves Seattle Grace Hospital in order to join a private practice, located in Los Angeles.", "Private Practice (TV series) __knowledge__ \"Private Practice\" also revolves around Addison's co-workers at Seaside Wellness Center, and how they deal with patients and the practice while still finding time to live their everyday lives." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Although the series is set in Seattle (at the fictional Seattle Grace, later known as the Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital), it is filmed primarily in Los Angeles, California.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The show was originally titled \"Complications\", a double-edged reference to both the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the characters.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The series was designed to be racially diverse and used color-blind casting.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ It revolves around the title character, Dr. Meredith Grey, played by Ellen Pompeo, first featured as an intern.", "I Want to Tell You __knowledge__ \"I Want to Tell You\" is a song by the English rock group the Beatles from their 1966 album \"Revolver\".", "I Want to Tell You __knowledge__ It was written and sung by George Harrison, the band's lead guitarist.", "I Want to Tell You __knowledge__ After \"Taxman\" and \"Love You To\", it was the third Harrison composition recorded for \"Revolver\", marking the first time that he was allocated more than two songs on a Beatles album, as well as the start of his emergence as a songwriter beside John Lennon and Paul McCartney.", "I Want to Tell You __knowledge__ When writing \"I Want to Tell You\", Harrison drew inspiration from his experimentation with the hallucinogenic drug LSD.", "I Want to Tell You __knowledge__ The lyrics address what he later termed \"the avalanche of thoughts that are so hard to write down or say or transmit\".", "William Tell __knowledge__ William Tell (in the four languages of Switzerland: ; ; ; ) is a folk hero of Switzerland.", "William Tell __knowledge__ His legend is recorded in a late 15th-century Swiss illustrated chronicle.", "William Tell __knowledge__ It is set in the time of the original foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the early 14th century.", "William Tell __knowledge__ According to the legend, Tell—an expert marksman with the crossbow—assassinated Gessler, a tyrannical reeve of Habsburg Austria positioned in Altdorf, Uri.", "William Tell __knowledge__ Along with Arnold von Winkelried, Tell is a central figure in Swiss patriotism as it was constructed during the Restoration of the Confederacy after the Napoleonic era.", "William Tell __knowledge__ Several accounts of the Tell legend exist.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Tell Yunatsite __knowledge__ Tell Yunatsite (), also known as \"Ploskata mogila\" (, \"The Flat Mound\"), is situated in the Pazardzhik Province of southern Bulgaria (Northern Thrace), some to the west of the district capital Pazardzhik.", "Tell Yunatsite __knowledge__ The tell stands above modern ground level and has a diameter of .", "Tell Yunatsite __knowledge__ It is situated on a low terrace at the right bank of the former Topolnitsa riverbed near to its confluence with the Maritsa River (ca.", "Tell Yunatsite __knowledge__ away from the site).", "Tell Yunatsite __knowledge__ Medieval, Roman, Iron Age, Early Bronze Age, and Copper Age periods have all been attested at the site.", "Tell Yunatsite __knowledge__ Parallel to the Maritsa River on the Pazardzhik plain lays the so-called Via Diagonalis, one of the most important ancient European roads, which passes through the Balkans and connects West and Central Europe to Anatolia and the Near East.", "Tell All Your Friends __knowledge__ Tell All Your Friends is the debut studio album by American rock band Taking Back Sunday.", "Tell All Your Friends __knowledge__ The group had several lineup changes before settling on vocalist Adam Lazzara, guitarist and vocalist John Nolan, guitarist Eddie Reyes, bassist Shaun Cooper, and drummer Mark O'Connell.", "Tell All Your Friends __knowledge__ Taking Back Sunday released a five-song demo in early 2001, after which, they toured for most of the year.", "Tell All Your Friends __knowledge__ They rented a room in Lindenhurst, New York, where they wrote and demoed songs.", "Tell All Your Friends __knowledge__ In December 2001, the band signed with Victory Records and began recording \"Tell All Your Friends\".", "Tell All Your Friends __knowledge__ The album, produced by Sal Villanueva, was recorded at Big Blue Meenie Recording Studio in New Jersey.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Guiding Light (1970–79) __knowledge__ The Guiding Light (TGL) (known since 1975 as Guiding Light) was a long-running American television soap opera.", "Guiding Light (1970–79) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, unlike in the 1960s after Agnes Nixon left to begin writing for \"Another World\" in 1966, there was less of a revolving doors of head writers and story line seemed to stabilize in only two directions, first what was aired from January 1, 1970 to near the end of October 1975 and then what was aired from near the beginning of November 1975 to the end of the decade on December 31, 1979.", "Guiding Light (1970–79) __knowledge__ The first half of the decade was mainly dominated by the story lines that were written by the head writing married couple of Robert Soderberg and Edith Sommer who wrote for the show from near the end of 1969 to the spring of 1973 and were long time and reliable soap scribes.", "Residency (medicine) __knowledge__ Residency is a stage of graduate medical training.", "Residency (medicine) __knowledge__ A resident or house officer is a physician (one who holds the degree of M.D., D.O., or MBBS, MBChB, or BMed) who practices medicine usually in a hospital or clinic under the direct or indirect supervision of an attending physician.", "Residency (medicine) __knowledge__ Successful completion of a residency program is a requirement to obtaining an unrestricted license to practice medicine in many jurisdictions.", "Residency (medicine) __knowledge__ Residency training may be followed by fellowship or \"sub-specialty\" training.", "Residency (medicine) __knowledge__ Whereas medical school teaches physicians a broad range of medical knowledge, basic clinical skills, and supervised experience practicing medicine in a variety of fields, medical residency gives in-depth training within a specific branch of medicine.", "Ruggs, Oregon __knowledge__ Ruggs is an unincorporated community located in the southern portion of Morrow County, Oregon, United States.", "Ruggs, Oregon __knowledge__ Ruggs lies at the junction of Oregon Route 206, Oregon Route 207, Rhea Creek Road, and Upper Rhea Creek Road.", "Ruggs, Oregon __knowledge__ The community is situated at an elevation of .", "Ruggs, Oregon __knowledge__ The community is named after Edward E. Rugg Jr., one of many in the Rugg family who were prominent farmers and ranchers in the area starting in the early 1900s.", "Ruggs, Oregon __knowledge__ Ruggs also at times has been referred to as \"Ruggs Junction\" or \"Ruggs District.\"", "Ruggs, Oregon __knowledge__ Ruggs' geologic history echoes that of other areas in the region.", "Ruggs, Oregon __knowledge__ Ruggs is geologically situated within the Columbia Basin, a region overlain with Loess soils and rugged basaltic foothills that were the product of glacial floods and Columbia River Basalt Group lava flows.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 9) __knowledge__ The ninth season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\" began airing in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 27, 2012, with the season premiere \"Going, Going, Gone\" and consists of 24 episodes with the finale \"Perfect Storm\" airing on May 16, 2013.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 9) __knowledge__ The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes.", "Grey's Anatomy (season 9) __knowledge__ The season was officially released on DVD as a six-disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Ninth Season - Everything Changes on August 27, 2013 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment.", "List of Scrubs characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the NBC/ABC American comedy-drama \"Scrubs\".", "List of Scrubs characters __knowledge__ Zach Braff portrays Dr. John Michael \"J.D.\"", "List of Scrubs characters __knowledge__ Dorian, the show's original protagonist and narrator.", "List of Scrubs characters __knowledge__ J.D.", "List of Scrubs characters __knowledge__ begins the series as a staff intern, progressing to resident and then attending physician.", "List of Scrubs characters __knowledge__ His voice-over to the series comes from his internal thoughts and often features surreal fantasies.", "List of Scrubs characters __knowledge__ J.D.", "List of Scrubs characters __knowledge__ was a recurring character in Season 9, though he was still considered to be the protagonist of the episodes in which he appeared.", "List of Scrubs characters __knowledge__ Braff received top billing as a main cast member in each of his appearances for that season.", "List of Grey's Anatomy cast members __knowledge__ \"Grey's Anatomy\" is an American television medical drama that debuted on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), as a mid-season replacement for \"Boston Legal\" on March 27, 2005.", "List of Grey's Anatomy cast members __knowledge__ While creating the show, producers put an emphasis on the casting process.", "List of Grey's Anatomy cast members __knowledge__ The series has aired for thirteen seasons, and focuses on the fictional lives of surgical interns and residents, as they gradually evolve into seasoned doctors, while trying to maintain personal lives.", "List of Grey's Anatomy cast members __knowledge__ The show's premise originated with Shonda Rhimes, who serves as an executive producer, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "Medical school __knowledge__ A medical school is a tertiary educational institution —or part of such an institution— that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO).", "Medical school __knowledge__ Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as a Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, a physician assistant program, or other post-secondary education.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Around the world, criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Although the series is set in Seattle (at the fictional Seattle Grace, later known as the Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital), it is filmed primarily in Los Angeles, California.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The show was originally titled \"Complications\", a double-edged reference to both the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the characters.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The series was designed to be racially diverse and used color-blind casting.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ It revolves around the title character, Dr. Meredith Grey, played by Ellen Pompeo, first featured as an intern.", "Medical Reality Markup Language __knowledge__ Medical Reality Modeling Language (MRML) is a language implemented as a type of XML document, with new tags defined to handle medical image data types such as volumes, models or coordinate transforms.", "Koo Jun-hoe __knowledge__ Koo Jun-hoe (Hangul: 구준회, born March 31, 1997) is a South Korean singer.", "Koo Jun-hoe __knowledge__ He is a member of the South Korean boy group iKON, signed under YG Entertainment.", "Koo Jun-hoe __knowledge__ He appeared on the 2013 Mnet reality survival programme \"WIN: Who Is Next\" as part of \"Team B\", competing against other YG Entertainment trainees for the chance to debut as a group.", "Koo Jun-hoe __knowledge__ He went on to appear in the 2014 follow-up programme \"Mix & Match\", which determined the lineup of iKON, along with bandmates B.I, Bobby, Jinhwan, Donghyuk, Yunhyeong and Chanwoo.", "Koo Jun-hoe __knowledge__ Koo Jun-hoe made his first television appearance at the age of thirteen, on the SBS reality programme \"Star King\".", "Big Brother 10 (UK) __knowledge__ Big Brother 2009, also known as Big Brother 10, was the tenth series of the British reality television series \"Big Brother\".", "Big Brother 10 (UK) __knowledge__ It began on 4 June 2009 and was aired on Channel 4 and E4 for 93 days, concluding on 4 September 2009 when Sophie \"Dogface\" Reade was crowned the winner with 74.4% of the viewer's vote.", "Big Brother 10 (UK) __knowledge__ The format of the programme remained largely unchanged from previous series; a group of people, referred to as housemates, are enclosed in the Big Brother House under the surveillance of cameras and microphones.", "Big Brother 10 (UK) __knowledge__ Each week, the viewers decide which of a selection of housemates is evicted and, in the final week, one housemate is voted as the winner.", "Gemma Collins __knowledge__ Gemma Clare Collins (born 31 January 1981) is an English reality television personality best known for being a cast member of the ITVBe semi-reality programme \"The Only Way Is Essex\", joining the show in its second series in 2011.", "Gemma Collins __knowledge__ In 2014, she took part in \"I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!\"", "Gemma Collins __knowledge__ but withdrew after just three days of taking part in the show.", "Gemma Collins __knowledge__ In 2016, she took part in \"Celebrity Big Brother 17\".", "Gemma Collins __knowledge__ She is also well known for her public battle with weightloss, often speaking out about it in various media outlets.", "Gemma Collins __knowledge__ Collins was born in Romford, London and attended the Sylvia Young Theatre School.", "Embarrassing Bodies __knowledge__ Embarrassing Bodies (formerly Embarrassing Illnesses) is a British BAFTA-award winning medical reality television programme broadcast by Channel 4 and made by Maverick Television since 2007.", "Embarrassing Bodies __knowledge__ In 2011, an hour-long live show was introduced, \"Embarrassing Bodies: Live from the Clinic\", which makes use of Skype technology.", "Embarrassing Bodies __knowledge__ Various spin-offs have been produced in relation to the programme to target different patients, such as \"Embarrassing Fat Bodies\" and \"Embarrassing Teenage Bodies\".", "Embarrassing Bodies __knowledge__ The series' basic premise involves members of the public with a wide variety of medical conditions consulting the show's doctors for advice; in some cases, cosmetic or corrective surgery has been offered and undertaken to treat patients with more severe or noticeable ailments.", "Redmond Burke __knowledge__ Redmond P. Burke (born 4 November 1958) is a congenital heart surgeon, innovator, software developer, author, inventor, and founder of The Congenital Heart Institute at Miami Children's Hospital in Miami, Florida.", "Redmond Burke __knowledge__ He starred in the ABC pilot television show \"The Miracle Workers\".", "Redmond Burke __knowledge__ Burke has been recognized as one of the world's most innovative surgeons, and for his use of information technology to improve surgical outcomes.", "Redmond Burke __knowledge__ Redmond Burke was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, to a US Navy flight navigator, Redmond Joseph Burke, and his wife Claire Lorraine Burke, both from San Francisco, California.", "Redmond Burke __knowledge__ In 1995, he married Kim Horstman, a registered nurse from Strongsville, Ohio, and they have three daughters.", "International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War __knowledge__ International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) is a non-partisan federation of national medical groups in 63 countries, representing doctors, medical students, other health workers, and concerned people who share the common goal of creating a more peaceful and secure world free from the threat of nuclear annihilation.", "International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War __knowledge__ The organization's headquarters is in Somerville, Massachusetts.", "International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War __knowledge__ IPPNW was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985.", "International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War __knowledge__ IPPNW affiliates are national medical organizations with a common commitment to the abolition of nuclear weapons and the prevention of war.", "International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War __knowledge__ Affiliates range in size from a handful of dedicated physicians and medical students to tens of thousands of activists and their supporters.", "Gray's Anatomy __knowledge__ Gray's Anatomy is an English-language textbook of human anatomy originally written by Henry Gray and illustrated by Henry Vandyke Carter.", "Gray's Anatomy __knowledge__ Earlier editions were called Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical and Gray's Anatomy: Descriptive and Applied, but the book's name is commonly shortened to, and later editions are titled, \"Gray's Anatomy\".", "Gray's Anatomy __knowledge__ The book is widely regarded as an extremely influential work on the subject, and has continued to be revised and republished from its initial publication in 1858 to the present day.", "Gray's Anatomy __knowledge__ The latest edition of the book, the 41st, was published in September 2015.", "Gray's Anatomy __knowledge__ The English anatomist Henry Gray was born in 1827.", "Henry Vandyke Carter __knowledge__ Henry Vandyke Carter (born 22 May 1831, Hull – 4 May 1897, Scarborough) was an English anatomist, surgeon, and anatomical artist most notable for his illustrations of the book, \"Gray's Anatomy\".", "Henry Vandyke Carter __knowledge__ Henry Vandyke Carter was born on 22 May 1831 in Hull, England, the eldest son of the painter Henry Barlow Carter and mother Eliza Barlow.", "Henry Vandyke Carter __knowledge__ Soon after his parents moved to Scarborough where he grew up.", "Henry Vandyke Carter __knowledge__ The information on Carter's private life are known in large part due to the diary that his grandmother gave him at age 14 and that he guarded for life.", "Henry Vandyke Carter __knowledge__ His family was also very religious (Protestant) and, therefore, Carter kept the diary as a kind of spiritual notebook.", "Anatomy __knowledge__ Anatomy (Greek anatomē, “dissection”) is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.", "Anatomy __knowledge__ Anatomy is a branch of natural science dealing with the structural organization of living things.", "Anatomy __knowledge__ It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times.", "Anatomy __knowledge__ Anatomy is inherently tied to embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated over immediate (embryology) and long (evolution) timescales.", "Anatomy __knowledge__ Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine.", "Anatomy __knowledge__ Anatomy and physiology, which study (respectively) the structure and function of organisms and their parts, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and they are often studied together.", "Gray's Anatomy (film) __knowledge__ Gray's Anatomy is an 80-minute film directed by Steven Soderbergh in 1996 involving a dramatized monologue by actor/writer Spalding Gray.", "Gray's Anatomy (film) __knowledge__ The title is taken from the classic human anatomy textbook, \"Gray's Anatomy\", originally written by Henry Gray in 1858.", "Gray's Anatomy (film) __knowledge__ It was shot in ten days in late January 1996 during a break Soderbergh had from post-production on his previous film, \"Schizopolis\".", "Gray's Anatomy (film) __knowledge__ The monologist film is about Spalding Gray, the main character, who is diagnosed with a rare ocular condition called Macular pucker.", "Gray's Anatomy (film) __knowledge__ After hearing all of his options, such as Christian Science, Native American sweat lodges, and the \"Elvis Presley of psychic surgeons\", and the dangers of what surgery could bring, he decides to go through the other forms of medicine provided.", "History of anatomy in the 19th century __knowledge__ The history of anatomy in the 19th century saw anatomists largely finalise and systematise the descriptive human anatomy of the previous century.", "History of anatomy in the 19th century __knowledge__ The discipline also progressed to establish growing sources of knowledge in histology and developmental biology, not only of humans but also of animals.", "History of anatomy in the 19th century __knowledge__ Andreas Vesalius (1514–64), a Belgian and a professor of medicine at the University of Padua, was the first to dissect the human body.", "History of anatomy in the 19th century __knowledge__ This was the beginning of modern physiology.", "History of anatomy in the 19th century __knowledge__ Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring originally published a clear, accurate and precise system in German (1791–1796), then in Latin (1794–1800).", "History of anatomy __knowledge__ The history of anatomy extends from the earliest examinations of sacrificial victims to the sophisticated analyses of the body performed by modern scientists.", "History of anatomy __knowledge__ The study of human anatomy can be traced back thousands of years, at least to the Egyptians, but the science of anatomy, as we know it today, did not develop until far later.", "History of anatomy __knowledge__ The development of the study of anatomy gradually built upon concepts that were understood during the time of Galen and slowly became a part of the traditional medical curriculum.", "History of anatomy __knowledge__ It has been characterized, over time, by a continually developing understanding of the functions of organs and structures in the body." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 60 ]

[ "hi! do you know about the Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005", "yeah! fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors ", "moreso,title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "interestingly, anatomy in the 19th century saw anatomists largely finalise and systematise the descriptive human anatomy of the previous century" ]

[ "Grey's Anatomy", "Grey's Anatomy", "Grey's Anatomy", "Grey's Anatomy" ]

[ "Italian cuisine", "I think pizza is the best food ever!", "I think it is best with stuffed crust!", "Yeah they are always the most tasty!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "Raum the Old __knowledge__ Raum the Old (Old Norse: \"Raumr inn gamli\") is a legendary king in Norway in the \"Hversu Noregr byggdist\" and in Thorsteins saga Víkingssonar.", "Raum the Old __knowledge__ He was said to have been ugly, as was his daughter, Bryngerd, who was married to King Álf.", "Raum the Old __knowledge__ Indeed, in Old Norse, \"raumr\" means \"a big and ugly person\".", "Raum the Old __knowledge__ In \"Heversu Noregr byggdist\", Raum is one of the three sons of Nór, the legendary first king of Norway, and succeeds his father as a ruler and ancestor of rulers over southwestern Norway.", "Raum the Old __knowledge__ Raum attended a Yule feast given by Bergfin (\"Bergfinn\") son of Thrym (\"Þrymr\") the Giant of Vermland and bedded Bergfin's sister Bergdís (\"Bergdísr\").", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Robby (film) __knowledge__ Robby is a 1968 family film written and directed by Ralph C. Bluemke.", "Robby (film) __knowledge__ It is a modern-day retelling of the Daniel Defoe novel \"Robinson Crusoe\" in which the main characters are portrayed as children.", "Robby (film) __knowledge__ The film deals with many themes, including friendship, homesickness, racial blindness and naturism.", "Robby (film) __knowledge__ It is unusual for a family film in that it contains extensive, explicit nudity involving young boys.", "Robby (film) __knowledge__ The film opens with a lifeboat washing up onto shore of a tropical island.", "Robby (film) __knowledge__ Inside the lifeboat is nine-year-old Robby.", "Robby (film) __knowledge__ Robby explores the island but finds no signs of any other humans.", "Robby (film) __knowledge__ He falls into a lagoon and almost drowns, but is rescued by a naked black native boy, whom Robby befriends and names Friday.", "Arnold Raum __knowledge__ Arnold Raum ( – ) served as a judge on the United States Tax Court from 1950 to 1998.", "Arnold Raum __knowledge__ He began working for the United States government in 1932, as an attorney for the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.", "Arnold Raum __knowledge__ From 1934 to 1950, he worked in the United States Department of Justice, as a special assistant in the Tax Division (1934–1939), as special assistant to the U.S. District Attorney for Louisiana (1939), and as Deputy Solicitor General (1939–1950).", "Arnold Raum __knowledge__ Raum was born to Isaac and Ida Raum in Lynn, Massachusetts, in 1908.", "Arnold Raum __knowledge__ He graduated from Harvard University in 1929, and from Harvard University Law School in 1932.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, CBE (born Elizabeth Gwynne, 26 December 1913 – 22 May 1992) was a British cookery writer.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the mid-20th century she strongly influenced the revitalisation of home cookery in her native country and beyond with articles and books about European cuisines and traditional British dishes.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Born to an upper-class family, David rebelled against social norms of the day.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the 1930s she studied art in Paris, became an actress, and ran off with a married man with whom she sailed in a small boat to Italy, where their boat was confiscated.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ They reached Greece, where they were nearly trapped by the German invasion in 1941, but escaped to Egypt, where they parted.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, the British cookery writer, published eight books in the 34 years between 1950 and 1984; the last was issued eight years before her death.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ After David's death, her literary executor, Jill Norman, supervised the publication of eight more books, drawing on David's unpublished manuscripts and research and on her published writings for books and magazines.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ David's first five books, particularly the earlier works, contained recipes interspersed with literary quotation and descriptions of people and places that inspired her.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ By the time of her third book, \"Italian Food\", David had begun to add sections about the history of the cuisine and the particular dishes that she wrote about.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Italian Americans ( or \"italo-americani\" ) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans who have full or majority-ancestry from Italy.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Italian Americans are the fourth largest white ethnic group in the United States (not including American ethnicity, an ethnonym used by many in the United States; overall, Italian Americans rank seventh, behind German American, African American, Irish American, Mexican American, English American, and American).. About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Immigration began to increase during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated (1870–79: 46,296) than during the five previous decades combined (1820–69: 22,627).", "Emilio Baglioni __knowledge__ Emilio Baglioni became culinary host to the Hollywood stars, employed by Jack L. Warner of Warner Brothers Studios as the head of the commissary and executive dining room for Jack L. Warner and heads of every department and provided food for the actors and the crew during filming.", "Emilio Baglioni __knowledge__ When Warner retired from the studio in 1968, Baglioni remained at Warner Brothers and opened his own restaurant at the same time simply called “Emilio’s” located on Melrose and Highland Avenues in Hollywood, California.", "Emilio Baglioni __knowledge__ Many Hollywood stars continued to flock to Emilio’s because he prepared their favorite meals, such as Elizabeth Taylor’s beloved dinner was “Three colored salad;” Richard Burton Linguine with Clams; Esther Williams dined on “Veal Piccata;” Anthony Quinn liked \"Scalappine al Marsala,\" Jack LaLane's \"Cioppino;\" John Wayne \"Mixed Salad with New York Steak well charred;\" Ava Gardner \"Scampi al vino bianco.", "Margarita Forés __knowledge__ Margarita Forés is a Filipino chef, who runs a variety of restaurants which serve varieties of Italian cuisine.", "Margarita Forés __knowledge__ In 2016, she was named Asia's Best Female Chef.", "Margarita Forés __knowledge__ Forés initially worked in catering, before launching the chain Cibo, as well as several individual restaurants.", "Margarita Forés __knowledge__ Margarita Forés is a granddaughter of J. Amado Araneta, a prominent member of the wealthy Araneta family.", "Margarita Forés __knowledge__ She grew up in Manila until she was a freshman attending Assumption College San Lorenzo, when the family moved to New York City.", "Margarita Forés __knowledge__ The culture in her new city would eventually serve as inspiration for her culinary career, with Sunday visits to the same midtown American-Italian restaurant led to her interest in learning about the Italian food that was not so well known outside of the local areas in the country.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Italian literature is written in the Italian language, particularly within Italy.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ It may also refer to literature written by Italians or in Italy in other languages spoken in Italy, often languages that are closely related to modern Italian.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ An early example of Italian literature is the tradition of vernacular lyric poetry performed in Occitan, which reached Italy by the end of the 12th century.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ In 1230, the Sicilian School is notable for being the first style in standard Italian.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Dante Alighieri, one of the greatest of Italian poets, is notable for his \"Divine Comedy\".", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Petrarch did classical research and wrote lyric poetry." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "Stuffed crust pizza __knowledge__ Stuffed crust pizza is pizza with cheese and may include other toppings added into the crust.", "Stuffed crust pizza __knowledge__ The stuffed crust pizza was popularized by Pizza Hut which debuted this style of pizza in 1995.", "Stuffed crust pizza __knowledge__ Pizza Hut debuted stuffed crust pizza on March 26, 1995 and then engaged in a $45 million ad campaign promoting the pizza.", "Stuffed crust pizza __knowledge__ Pizza Hut hired Donald Trump to advertise the pizza.", "Stuffed crust pizza __knowledge__ Trump appeared in a 1995 commercial with Ivana Trump who he divorced in 1992.", "Stuffed crust pizza __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was sued by Brooklyn resident, Anthony Mongiello, for $1 billion after he claimed to have invented and patented stuffed crust pizza in 1987.", "Stuffed crust pizza __knowledge__ Mongiello lost the case in 1999.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ It is usually distinguished from the underlying mantle by its chemical makeup; however, in the case of icy satellites, it may be distinguished based on its phase (solid crust vs. liquid mantle).", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ The crusts of Earth, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Io, and other planetary bodies formed via igneous processes, and were later modified by erosion, impact cratering, volcanism, and sedimentation.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ Most terrestrial planets have fairly uniform crusts.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ Earth, however, has two distinct types: continental crust and oceanic crust.", "Fourth normal form __knowledge__ Fourth normal form (4NF) is a normal form used in database normalization.", "Fourth normal form __knowledge__ Introduced by Ronald Fagin in 1977, 4NF is the next level of normalization after Boyce–Codd normal form (BCNF).", "Fourth normal form __knowledge__ Whereas the second, third, and Boyce–Codd normal forms are concerned with functional dependencies, 4NF is concerned with a more general type of dependency known as a multivalued dependency.", "Fourth normal form __knowledge__ A table is in 4NF if and only if, for every one of its non-trivial multivalued dependencies \"X\" formula_1 \"Y\", \"X\" is a superkey—that is, \"X\" is either a candidate key or a superset thereof.", "Fourth normal form __knowledge__ If the column headings in a relational database table are divided into three disjoint groupings \"X\", \"Y\", and \"Z\", then, in the context of a particular row, we can refer to the data beneath each group of headings as \"x\", \"y\", and \"z\" respectively.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin \"tectonicus\", from the \"pertaining to building\") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The model builds on the concept of continental drift, an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The geoscientific community accepted plate-tectonic theory after seafloor spreading was validated in the late 1950s and early 1960s.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (the crust and upper mantle), is broken into tectonic plates.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza refers to several different styles of pizza developed in Chicago.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Arguably, the most famous of these is known as deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which gives a lot of space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ According to Tim Samuelson, Chicago's official cultural historian, there is not enough documentation to determine with certainty who invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ It is often reported that Chicago-style deep-dish pizza was invented at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago, in 1943, by Uno's founder Ike Sewell, a former University of Texas football star.", "Giordano's Pizzeria __knowledge__ Giordano's is a pizzeria that specializes in Chicago-style stuffed pizza.", "Giordano's Pizzeria __knowledge__ Brothers Efren and Joseph Boglio were born in a small town near Turin, Italy, where their mother had been known for the quality of her recipes.", "Giordano's Pizzeria __knowledge__ His family was most fond of her Easter pizza pies.", "Giordano's Pizzeria __knowledge__ The brothers first immigrated to Argentina and subsequently (separately) to the US.", "Giordano's Pizzeria __knowledge__ Upon arriving in America, Efren began working at a pizzeria in Chicago, but he was not satisfied with the pizzas he tasted and decided to open his own restaurant, Roma.", "Giordano's Pizzeria __knowledge__ When Joseph came to Chicago, Efren has stated they decided to open a restaurant using their mother's recipe and after experimenting over several months developed the stuffed pizza.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty!, also known as Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee – New 'n' Tasty!", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ and stylized as New 'n' Tasty!", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ – Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee, is a 2014 cinematic platform video game developed by Just Add Water and published by Oddworld Inhabitants as a \"ground-up remake\" of \"\".", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ The game was released in North America on 22 July 2014 and in Europe on 23 July 2014 for the PlayStation 4.", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ The title was also released for Linux, Microsoft Windows, OS X, Xbox One, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita and Wii U.", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ It has been lately ported on iOS and Android and released worldwide on 14 December 2017.", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ In 2016, series creator Lorne Lanning announced at the Game Developers Conference that a follow up to \"Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty\", titled \"Oddworld: Soulstorm\", is in development.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "Variable envelope return path __knowledge__ Variable envelope return path (VERP) is a technique used by some electronic mailing list software to enable automatic detection and removal of undeliverable e-mail addresses.", "Variable envelope return path __knowledge__ It works by using a different return path (also called \"envelope sender\") for each recipient of a message.", "Variable envelope return path __knowledge__ Any long-lived mailing list is going to eventually contain addresses that can't be reached.", "Variable envelope return path __knowledge__ Addresses that were once valid can become unusable because the person receiving the mail there has switched to a different provider.", "Variable envelope return path __knowledge__ In another scenario, the address may still exist but be abandoned, with unread mail accumulating until there is not enough room left to accept any more.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Stuffed crust pizza __knowledge__ Stuffed crust pizza is pizza with cheese and may include other toppings added into the crust.", "Stuffed crust pizza __knowledge__ The stuffed crust pizza was popularized by Pizza Hut which debuted this style of pizza in 1995.", "Stuffed crust pizza __knowledge__ Pizza Hut debuted stuffed crust pizza on March 26, 1995 and then engaged in a $45 million ad campaign promoting the pizza.", "Stuffed crust pizza __knowledge__ Pizza Hut hired Donald Trump to advertise the pizza.", "Stuffed crust pizza __knowledge__ Trump appeared in a 1995 commercial with Ivana Trump who he divorced in 1992.", "Stuffed crust pizza __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was sued by Brooklyn resident, Anthony Mongiello, for $1 billion after he claimed to have invented and patented stuffed crust pizza in 1987.", "Stuffed crust pizza __knowledge__ Mongiello lost the case in 1999.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza refers to several different styles of pizza developed in Chicago.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Arguably, the most famous of these is known as deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which gives a lot of space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ According to Tim Samuelson, Chicago's official cultural historian, there is not enough documentation to determine with certainty who invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ It is often reported that Chicago-style deep-dish pizza was invented at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago, in 1943, by Uno's founder Ike Sewell, a former University of Texas football star.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"" ] ]

[ 1, 33, 15, 75 ]

[ "I love Italian food. I learned to love it in Italy", "Oh yes - the traditional Italian flatbread with cheese and sauce is my favorite food as well!", "Stuffed Crust pizza where the crust is stuffed with cheese is delicious but definitely an american choice!", "I love Italian style pizza like Neapolitan - it is thin crust with less toppings than here" ]

[ "Italian cuisine", "Italian cuisine", "Italian cuisine", "Italian cuisine" ]

[ "Cooking", "I love cooking! I cook pretty much every night. What's your favorite dish to cook?", "Ahh I see. Do you mean like cooking tacos? They are pretty easy.", "Wow! I've never had Mexican lasagna! That sounds really delicious. How do you make it?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ \"\" is a manga series written by Yūto Tsukuda and illustrated by Shun Saeki, serialized in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\".", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ 27 tankōbon volumes have been released.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ An anime adaptation has aired 49 episodes over 3 seasons.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ The story follows protagonist and title character Sōma Yukihira as he transfers to the elite Tōtsuki Culinary Academy, an extremely competitive atmosphere, where only the top 1% of students graduate in.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Under the motto \"Cooking is Everything\", students are judged on their cooking for admission to the academy and in many classes, tournaments and events.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Competition may lead to a Shokugeki, a cooking match held in an indoor stadium, where students stake their pride and futures as chefs.", "A Bite of China __knowledge__ A Bite of China () is a Chinese documentary television series on the history of food, eating, and cooking in China directed by Chen Xiaoqing (), narrated by Li Lihong () with original music composed by Roc Chen ().", "A Bite of China __knowledge__ It first aired May 14, 2012 on China Central Television and quickly gained high ratings and widespread popularity.", "A Bite of China __knowledge__ The seven-episode documentary series, which began filming in March 2011, introduces the history and story behind foods of various kinds in more than 60 locations in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.", "A Bite of China __knowledge__ The documentary has also been actively encouraged as a means of introducing Chinese food culture to those unfamiliar with local cuisine.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, CBE (born Elizabeth Gwynne, 26 December 1913 – 22 May 1992) was a British cookery writer.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the mid-20th century she strongly influenced the revitalisation of home cookery in her native country and beyond with articles and books about European cuisines and traditional British dishes.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Born to an upper-class family, David rebelled against social norms of the day.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the 1930s she studied art in Paris, became an actress, and ran off with a married man with whom she sailed in a small boat to Italy, where their boat was confiscated.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ They reached Greece, where they were nearly trapped by the German invasion in 1941, but escaped to Egypt, where they parted.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The sweet potato (\"Ipomoea batatas\") is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, Convolvulaceae.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are a root vegetable.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The sweet potato is only distantly related to the potato (\"Solanum tuberosum\") and does not belong to the nightshade family, Solanaceae, but both families belong to the same taxonomic order, the Solanales.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The plant is a herbaceous perennial vine, bearing alternate heart-shaped or palmately lobed leaves and medium-sized sympetalous flowers.", "Wok __knowledge__ A wok (from Cantonese ) is a versatile round-bottomed cooking vessel, originating from China.", "Wok __knowledge__ The use of the wok is very prevalent in South China (particularly Guangdong Province).", "Wok __knowledge__ It is one of the most common cooking utensils in China and also found in parts of East, South and Southeast Asia, as well as becoming a popular niche cookware in all the world.", "Wok __knowledge__ Woks are used in a range of different Chinese cooking techniques, including stir frying, steaming, pan frying, deep frying, poaching, boiling, braising, searing, stewing, making soup, smoking and roasting nuts.", "Wok __knowledge__ Wok cooking is done with long-handled utensils called \"chahn\" (spatula) or \"hoak\" (ladle).", "Kitchen __knowledge__ A kitchen is a room or part of a room used for cooking and food preparation in a dwelling or in a commercial establishment.", "Kitchen __knowledge__ In the West, a modern residential kitchen is typically equipped with a stove, a sink with hot and cold running water, a refrigerator, counters and kitchen cabinets arranged according to a modular design.", "Kitchen __knowledge__ Many households have a microwave oven, a dishwasher and other electric appliances.", "Kitchen __knowledge__ The main function of a kitchen is serving as a location for storing, cooking and preparing food (and doing related tasks such as dishwashing), but it may also be used for dining, entertaining and laundry.", "Electric stove __knowledge__ An electric stove or electric range is a stove with an integrated electrical heating device to cook and bake.", "Electric stove __knowledge__ Electric stoves became popular as replacements for solid-fuel (wood or coal) stoves which required more labor to operate and maintain.", "Electric stove __knowledge__ Some modern stoves come in a unit with built-in extractor hoods.", "Electric stove __knowledge__ Electric stove \"burners\" may be controlled by a rotary switch with a finite number of positions (for example, six), each of which engages a different combination of resistances and hence a different heating power, or may have an \"infinite switch\" called a \"simmerstat\".", "Electric stove __knowledge__ Some may have a thermostat.", "Cook stove __knowledge__ A biomass cook stove is heated by burning wood, charcoal, animal dung or crop residue.", "Cook stove __knowledge__ Cook stoves are commonly used for cooking and heating food in rural households.", "Cook stove __knowledge__ Nearly half of the world's population, approximately 3 billion people, use solid fuels such as coal, wood, animal dung, and crop residues for their domestic energy needs.", "Cook stove __knowledge__ Among those who use indoor cooking stoves, the poorest families living in rural areas most frequently use solid fuels, where it continues to be relied on by up to 90% of households.", "Cook stove __knowledge__ Often used in open fires or poorly ventilated stoves, solid fuel burning is a significant source of indoor air pollution.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Kitchen stove __knowledge__ A kitchen stove, often called simply a stove or a cooker, is a kitchen appliance designed for the purpose of cooking food.", "Kitchen stove __knowledge__ Kitchen stoves rely on the application of direct heat for the cooking process and may also contain an oven, used for baking.", "Kitchen stove __knowledge__ \"Cookstoves\" (also called \"cooking stoves\" or \"wood stoves\") are heated by burning wood or charcoal; \"gas stoves\" are heated by gas; and \"electric stoves\" by electricity.", "Kitchen stove __knowledge__ A stove with multiple cooking surfaces is also called a range.", "Kitchen stove __knowledge__ In the industrialized world, as stoves replaced open fires and braziers as a source of more efficient and reliable heating, models were developed that could also be used for cooking, and these came to be known as \"kitchen stoves\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexican street food, called \"antojitos\" (literally \"little cravings\"), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in that country.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles，fajita and tortas, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables, beverages and soups (menudo, pozole and pancita).", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and \"Forbes\" named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities on the world in which to eat on the street.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow Tacos is a Chinese-Mexican fusion food truck based in Los Angeles, California.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ A veteran in the food truck industry, Don Chow was founded on April 22, 2009 by Dominic Lau and Lawrence Lie.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Their motto, “Where Chino meets Latino”, represents the pair’s Chinese heritage, (represented by the truck’s logo, a depiction of the traditional Chinese guardian lion), and the Hispanic influences that had been constant in their lives as they grew up in LA.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow Tacos ceased operations on February 16, 2015.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow has appeared on the Food Network's \"Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives\", as well NBC and KTLA.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Chico's Tacos is a small local restaurant chain based in El Paso, Texas.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ It was founded on July 4, 1953 by local boxing promoter Joe Mora.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Long considered a local institution in El Paso, it is perhaps the city's best-known restaurant, having been featured in the Food Network show, \"The Best Thing I Ever Ate\".", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ It was also a topic of the Gabriel Iglesias stand up act, \"I'm not Fat...", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ I'm Fluffy\".", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Chico's has entered into local legend for its rolled tacos in a special tomato soup-like sauce, as well as its low prices.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Other items on the menu include hamburgers, French fries, grilled cheese sandwiches (or as Chicos Tacos employees often refer to them as \"grillos\"), and special round hot dogs served on hamburger buns.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ \"Ooh Ahh\" is a single by American Christian hip hop group GRITS featuring TobyMac.", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ It was recorded for their fourth studio album, \"The Art of Translation\".", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ It was produced by Ric \"DJ Form\" Robbins and Otto Price for Incorporated Elements.", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Ric Robbins, Otto Price, Coffee and Bone of Grits, and Toby Mac.", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ It is sometimes referred to as \"My Life Be Like\" or \"My Life Be Like (Ooh Ahh)\".", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ A cut from the song is featured on tobyMac's song, \"Catchafire (Whoopsi-Daisy)\" from his album \"Welcome to Diverse City\".", "Ooh Ahh (GRITS song) __knowledge__ To date, \"Ooh Ahh\" has been RIAA Digital Certified Gold for over 500,000 downloads and on-demand streams.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "Mexico __knowledge__ Mexico (; ; , ), officially the United Mexican States (, ), is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.", "Mexico __knowledge__ It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico.", "Mexico __knowledge__ Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), the nation is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world.", "Mexico __knowledge__ With an estimated population of over 120 million, the country is the eleventh most populous and the most populous Spanish-speaking state in the world while being the second most populous nation in Latin America.", "Diana Kennedy __knowledge__ Diana Kennedy (born 3 March 1923) is a Mexican cooking authority known for her nine books on the subject, including \"The Cuisines of Mexico\", which started changing how Americans view Mexican cooking.", "Diana Kennedy __knowledge__ Her work is the basis of much of the work of Mexican chefs in the United States.", "Diana Kennedy __knowledge__ Her cookbooks are distinctive because they are based on her fifty years of traveling Mexico, interviewing and learning from cooks of all kinds in the country, and from just about every region.", "Diana Kennedy __knowledge__ Her work has also documented native edible plants, which has been digitized by National Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ \"\" is a manga series written by Yūto Tsukuda and illustrated by Shun Saeki, serialized in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\".", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ 27 tankōbon volumes have been released.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ An anime adaptation has aired 49 episodes over 3 seasons.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ The story follows protagonist and title character Sōma Yukihira as he transfers to the elite Tōtsuki Culinary Academy, an extremely competitive atmosphere, where only the top 1% of students graduate in.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Under the motto \"Cooking is Everything\", students are judged on their cooking for admission to the academy and in many classes, tournaments and events.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Competition may lead to a Shokugeki, a cooking match held in an indoor stadium, where students stake their pride and futures as chefs.", "New Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ New Mexican cuisine is the regional cuisine of the US state of New Mexico.", "New Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Part of the broader Southwestern cuisine, New Mexico food culture is a fusion of Pueblo Native American, Spanish, Mexican, Tex-Mex, cowboy chuckwagon, French, and Mediterranean influences.", "New Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ New Mexican cuisine developed in uniquely isolated circumstances and is therefore not like any other Mexican food in the United States.", "New Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ New Mexico chile is the defining ingredient of New Mexican food.", "New Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Chile is New Mexico's largest agricultural crop.", "New Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Within New Mexico, green chile is also popular in non-New Mexican cuisines including Mexican-style food and \"American food\" like cheeseburgers, french fries, bagels, and pizza." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "Louis Lasagna __knowledge__ Louis Lasagna (February 22, 1923 – August 6, 2003) was an American physician and professor of medicine, known for his revision of the Hippocratic Oath.", "Louis Lasagna __knowledge__ Louis Cesare Lasagna was an internationally recognized and respected expert in clinical pharmacology.", "Louis Lasagna __knowledge__ Born in Queens, New York in 1923, Lasagna was raised in New Brunswick, New Jersey, by his Italian immigrant parents.", "Louis Lasagna __knowledge__ He graduated from Rutgers University in 1943 and earned his medical degree from Columbia University in 1947.", "Louis Lasagna __knowledge__ During his time at Rutgers University, he joined Kappa Sigma Fraternity (Gamma-Upsilon).", "Louis Lasagna __knowledge__ After completing a clinical research fellowship in anesthesia at Harvard Medical School, Lasagna joined the faculty of Johns Hopkins University in 1954, where he established the first ever clinical pharmacology department.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ Delicious is a series of time management casual games that is developed by Zylom Studios and later on by Gamehouse Studios.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ From the 7th game onwards, the games are developed by Gamehouse Studios and Blue Giraffe.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ The games tell the story of Emily, a waitress who aspires to one day run her own restaurant, and who works in several other restaurants in order to earn the money to eventually make her dream come true.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ After releasing the first 3 games of the series, Zylom decided to \"renew\" the series by adding some factors to it to make Emily's world more memorable and natural.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ As a result of this, from the fourth game onwards, the series received high appreciation and reviews from casual game critics and gamers, such as Gamezebo, who gave the seventh game, \"Emily's True Love\", a maximum 5/5 star overall review.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Metamorphosis is the second studio album by American singer Hilary Duff.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ The album was released on August 26, 2003 by Hollywood Records as a follow up to her holiday album, \"Santa Claus Lane\" (2002).", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ According to Duff, the album incorporates elements of pop and rock music, and it represents changes that are specific to her life and that everyone experiences.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Duff worked with several producers on the album such as The Matrix who worked with Latin Pop Singer, Myra, also signed to Hollywood Records prior.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Others who collaborated on the album include Chico Bennett, Matthew Gerrard, John Shanks, and his frequent writing partner Kara DioGuardi.", "Kevin Lasagna __knowledge__ Kevin Lasagna (born 10 August 1992) is an Italian footballer who plays for Serie A team Udinese as a striker.", "Kevin Lasagna __knowledge__ Born in San Benedetto Po, Lasagna started his career with Governolese near his home town.", "Kevin Lasagna __knowledge__ In 2012, Lasagna signed for Serie D team Cerea and scored 7 times in 35 games throughout the 2012–13 season.", "Kevin Lasagna __knowledge__ Lasagna joined Este for the 2013–14 and scored 21 times in 33 games making him one of the most sought after players of the lower leagues.", "Kevin Lasagna __knowledge__ In July 2014, Lasagna joined Serie B side Carpi.", "Kevin Lasagna __knowledge__ Lasagna made his Serie B debut on September 13, as a substitute in the 1–1 draw against Crotone.", "Kevin Lasagna __knowledge__ On 15 November 2014, Lasagna scored his first Carpi goal, wrapping up a 5–2 win against Cittadella, to send Carpi to the top of Serie B.", "The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna __knowledge__ The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna is a video game based on the Cartoon Network television series \"The Garfield Show\".", "The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna __knowledge__ It is the first video game based on the series and was released Summer 2010 for the Wii.", "The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna __knowledge__ The game supports the Wii Balance Board and the Wii Motion Plus.", "The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna __knowledge__ In December 2011, it was released on Microsoft Windows and Nintendo DS in Russia.", "The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna __knowledge__ The game revolves around 16 minigames.", "The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna __knowledge__ In single player, the player is only allowed to play as Garfield while the opposing team (mice or space lasagna) are computers.", "The Garfield Show: Threat of the Space Lasagna __knowledge__ In multiplayer, the players may choose to either be Garfield or the opposing team.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexican street food, called \"antojitos\" (literally \"little cravings\"), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in that country.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles，fajita and tortas, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables, beverages and soups (menudo, pozole and pancita).", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and \"Forbes\" named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities on the world in which to eat on the street." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 17, 1 ]

[ "Do you enjoy cooking, I love using my electric stove and various techniques and ingredients to cook with", "I love making mexican cuisine, because I have always found it to be easy since I don't have much skill or training in cooking", "I love making tacos, delicious and simple! I also like using avocados, tomatoes, corn and beans in dishes like Mexican lasagna", "I prepare the lasagna noodles like regular noodles and then put all types of different beans, rice, cheese, etc in it for consumption and top it with guac, salsa, sour cream" ]

[ "Cooking", "Cooking", "Cooking", "Cooking" ]

[ "Kindergarten\nKindergarten where six year olds go to formally for education.", "Yes. Games are done with a purpose to train young minds.", "Kids can use playdough, foam, water, paint to trace letters and shapes", "Children will understand schedule and tasks." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ Kindergarten (; from German , which literally means \"garden for the children\") is a preschool educational approach traditionally based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ At first such institutions were created in the late 18th century in Bavaria and Strasbourg to serve children whose parents both worked out of the home.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ The term was coined by the German Friedrich Fröbel, whose approach globally influenced early-years education.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ Today, the term is used in many countries to describe a variety of educational institutions and learning spaces for children ranging from two to seven years of age, based on a variety of teaching methods.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ In 1779, Johann Friedrich Oberlin and Louise Scheppler founded in Strasbourg an early establishment for caring for and educating pre-school children whose parents were absent during the day.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ At about the same time, in 1780, similar infant establishments were established in Bavaria.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ In 1802, Princess Pauline zur Lippe established a preschool center in Detmold, the capital of the then principality of Lippe, Germany (now in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia).", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ In 1816, Robert Owen, a philosopher and pedagogue, opened the first British and probably globally the first infants school in New Lanark, Scotland.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ Shamokin Area School District is a small, rural public school district located in Coal Township, Pennsylvania, US.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ The Shamokin Area School District community consists of the city of Shamokin and the townships of Coal, East Cameron and Shamokin.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ It is located at the southern end of the anthracite coal region in Northumberland County in central Pennsylvania with a population of approximately 21,000.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ According to the US Census Bureau, by 2010, the district's population declined to 20,876 people.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Shamokin Area School District population (25 years old and over) were 82.4% high school graduates and 9.3% college graduates.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "Preschool __knowledge__ A preschool, also known as nursery school, pre-primary school, playschool or kindergarten, is an educational establishment or learning space offering early childhood education to children before they begin compulsory education at primary school.", "Preschool __knowledge__ It may be publicly or privately operated, and may be subsidized from public funds.", "Preschool __knowledge__ Terminology varies by country.", "Preschool __knowledge__ In some European countries the term \"kindergarten\" refers to formal education of children classified as \"ISCED level 0\" - with one or several years of such education being compulsory - before children start primary school at \"ISCED level 1\".", "Robin Olds __knowledge__ Robin Olds (July 14, 1922 – June 14, 2007) was an American fighter pilot and general officer in the U.S. Air Force.", "Robin Olds __knowledge__ He was a \"triple ace\", with a combined total of 16 victories in World War II and the Vietnam War.", "Robin Olds __knowledge__ He retired in 1973 as a brigadier general.", "Robin Olds __knowledge__ The son of Army Air Forces Major General Robert Olds, educated at West Point, and the product of an upbringing in the early years of the U.S. Army Air Corps, Olds epitomized the youthful World War II fighter pilot.", "Robin Olds __knowledge__ He remained in the service as it became the United States Air Force, despite often being at odds with its leadership, and was one of its pioneer jet pilots.", "Digital divide in the United States __knowledge__ The digital divide in the United States refers to inequalities between individuals, households, and other groups of different demographic and socioeconomic levels in \"access\" to information and communication technologies (\"ICTs\") and in the \"knowledge and skills\" needed to effectively use the information gained from connecting.", "Digital divide in the United States __knowledge__ The global digital divide refers to inequalities in access, knowledge, and skills, but designates countries as the units of analysis and examines the divide between developing and developed countries on an international scale.", "Digital divide in the United States __knowledge__ Although the digital divide in American has decreased considerably, there are still certain groups of Americans with limited access.", "Dreamy (Once Upon a Time) __knowledge__ \"Dreamy\" is the 14th episode of the American fairy tale/drama television series \"Once Upon a Time\", which aired in the United States on ABC on March 4, 2012.", "Dreamy (Once Upon a Time) __knowledge__ The series takes place in the fictional seaside town of Storybrooke, Maine, in which the residents are actually characters from various fairy tales that were transported to the \"real world\" town by a powerful curse.", "Dreamy (Once Upon a Time) __knowledge__ This episode centers on Leroy and his fairytale counterpart, \"Dreamy\", one of Snow White's seven dwarfs.", "Dreamy (Once Upon a Time) __knowledge__ It was co-written by Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis, while being directed by David Solomon.", "Dreamy (Once Upon a Time) __knowledge__ The seven dwarves are shown walking in a line in the forest." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ Kindergarten (; from German , which literally means \"garden for the children\") is a preschool educational approach traditionally based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ At first such institutions were created in the late 18th century in Bavaria and Strasbourg to serve children whose parents both worked out of the home.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ The term was coined by the German Friedrich Fröbel, whose approach globally influenced early-years education.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ Today, the term is used in many countries to describe a variety of educational institutions and learning spaces for children ranging from two to seven years of age, based on a variety of teaching methods.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ In 1779, Johann Friedrich Oberlin and Louise Scheppler founded in Strasbourg an early establishment for caring for and educating pre-school children whose parents were absent during the day.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ At about the same time, in 1780, similar infant establishments were established in Bavaria.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ In 1802, Princess Pauline zur Lippe established a preschool center in Detmold, the capital of the then principality of Lippe, Germany (now in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia).", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ In 1816, Robert Owen, a philosopher and pedagogue, opened the first British and probably globally the first infants school in New Lanark, Scotland.", "The Culture __knowledge__ The Culture is a fictional interstellar utopian society in which anarchy and socialism are balanced by direct democracy.", "The Culture __knowledge__ The Culture was created by the Scottish writer Iain M. Banks and features in a number of his space opera novels and works of short fiction, collectively called the Culture series.", "The Culture __knowledge__ In the series, the Culture is composed primarily of sentient beings of the pan-human variety, artificially intelligent sentient machines, and a small number of other sentient \"alien\" life forms.", "The Culture __knowledge__ Machine intelligences range from human-equivalent drones to hyper-intelligent Minds.", "The Culture __knowledge__ The Culture's economy is maintained automatically by its non-sentient machines, with high-level work entrusted to the Minds' subroutines, which allows its humanoid and drone citizens to indulge their passions, romances, hobbies, or other activities, without servitude.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ This is a list of all significant characters from the TV series \"M.I.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ High\", a BBC children's spy-fi adventure series shown primarily on the CBBC channel.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ Aneisha (Neesh) Jones (Saint Heart's Student / M.I.9 Spy, Series 6–7), played by Oyiza Momoh.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ She is the master of disguise in the group, and was originally spotted by M.I.9 for changing identities, though this was only noticed by them, and no-one else.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ According to Stella she was spotted with the President of the United States and the Foreign Secretary, and intelligence suggested that she had a front-row seat at the 2013 Royal Wedding.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ Her excuse was that she needed big names for her petition of human rights.", "Daniel Lightwing __knowledge__ Daniel James Lightwing is a co-founder of the London-based Internet/Gambling business Castella Research, which uses high-frequency trading inspired methods to place bets on sports exchanges.", "Daniel Lightwing __knowledge__ He was previously a web backend developer for the London offices of Google.", "Daniel Lightwing __knowledge__ In 2006, he represented the United Kingdom at the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) in Ljubljana, Slovenia, where he won a silver medal.", "Daniel Lightwing __knowledge__ His experience at the IMO was described in the 2007 BBC Two British television documentary, \"Beautiful Young Minds\", and the 2014 British dramatic film, \"X+Y\" (released in the United States as \"A Brilliant Young Mind\").", "Education World Forum __knowledge__ The Education World Forum (EWF) is a ministerial education seminar held annually in London, England.", "Education World Forum __knowledge__ Ministers from around the world gather to debate future practice in education focused around certain \"themes\".", "Education World Forum __knowledge__ Founded in 2002 under the name “Moving Young Minds” the event was run by the governmental organisation Becta (British Educational Communications Technology Agency).", "Education World Forum __knowledge__ It grew in the years 2000-2008 till it was renamed the“Learning and Technology World Forum” (LaTWF) in 2009.", "Education World Forum __knowledge__ The LaTWF followed the structure of the previous “Moving Young Mind” conferences, but focused the events around certain themes, such as 'Next Generation Learning'.", "Divine Bradley __knowledge__ Divine Bradley (born October 9, 1982) is a social imagineer, business coach, youth mentor, motivational speaker, community leader, serial social entrepreneur who founded a youth-led non-profit at age 17 in New York City that led to the opening of several community centers with the purpose of providing students recreational activities as well as mentoring programs to promote financial responsibility and community leadership.", "Divine Bradley __knowledge__ In recognition of the approach he used for mentoring, he is a subject in \"The Hip Hop Project\", which was produced by Bruce Willis and Queen Latifah.", "Divine Bradley __knowledge__ He partnered with organizations, like Ralph Lauren and Doritos, to market their products while spreading messages for positive change.", "Nunziatella military academy __knowledge__ The \"Nunziatella\" Military School of Naples, Italy, founded November 18, 1787 under the name of \"Royal Military Academy\" (it.", "Nunziatella military academy __knowledge__ : \"Reale Accademia Militare\"), is the oldest military school in the world among those still operating without interruption; as well as the oldest Italian institution of military education among those still operating.", "Nunziatella military academy __knowledge__ Its building, familiarly called \"Red Manor\" (it.", "Nunziatella military academy __knowledge__ : \"Rosso Maniero\"), and the adjacent church of the Santissima Annunziata, is an architectural monument of the city of Naples.", "Nunziatella military academy __knowledge__ Located in Pizzofalcone in via Generale Parisi, 16, it was a place of high military and civilian training since its foundation, and had among its teachers and students the likes of Francesco de Sanctis, Mariano d'Ayala, Carlo Pisacane, Guglielmo Pepe, Enrico Cosenz and even a king of Italy, Vittorio Emanuele III, and a Viceroy of Italian East Africa, Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Kindergarten Playway __knowledge__ Kindergarten Playway School (also stylized as KinderGarten Playway) is a preschool in the region of R.S.", "Kindergarten Playway __knowledge__ Pura, Jammu and Kashmir.", "Kindergarten Playway __knowledge__ It is famous for being the first play-way/preschool in the region.", "Kindergarten Playway __knowledge__ It was established by Mrs. Ravinder Kour (current Principal) in 2011.", "Kindergarten Playway __knowledge__ In the beginning, the school was situated at Simbal Camp.", "Kindergarten Playway __knowledge__ Next month another branch was established in Tali Morh, Miran Sahib.", "Kindergarten Playway __knowledge__ Soon the school started getting good response from the parents.", "Kindergarten Playway __knowledge__ Shortly after inauguration of second branch, the first one was shut down.", "Kindergarten Playway __knowledge__ Students from both the branches were merged into the one in Tali Morh.", "Waldorf education __knowledge__ Waldorf education, also known as Steiner education, is based on the educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner, the founder of anthroposophy.", "Waldorf education __knowledge__ Its pedagogy emphasizes the role of imagination in learning, striving to integrate holistically the intellectual, practical, and artistic development of pupils.", "Waldorf education __knowledge__ Steiner's division of child development into three major stages is reflected in the schools' approach to early childhood education, which focuses on practical, hands-on activities and creative play; to elementary education, which focuses on developing artistic expression and social capacities; and to secondary education, which focuses on developing critical reasoning and empathic understanding.", "Sociology __knowledge__ Sociology is the scientific study of society, including patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture.", "Sociology __knowledge__ It is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, acceptance, and change.", "Sociology __knowledge__ Many sociologists aim to conduct research that may be applied directly to social policy and welfare, while others focus primarily on refining the theoretical understanding of social processes.", "Sociology __knowledge__ Subject matter ranges from the micro-sociology level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and the social structure.", "Maria Montessori __knowledge__ Maria Tecla Artemisia Montessori (; August 31, 1870 – May 6, 1952) was an Italian physician and educator best known for the philosophy of education that bears her name, and her writing on scientific pedagogy.", "Maria Montessori __knowledge__ She was a single mother.", "Maria Montessori __knowledge__ Her educational method is in use today in many public and private schools throughout the world.", "Maria Montessori __knowledge__ Montessori was born on August 31, 1870 in Chiaravalle, Italy.", "Maria Montessori __knowledge__ Her father, Alessandro Montessori, 33 years old at the time, was an official of the Ministry of Finance working in the local state-run tobacco factory.", "Maria Montessori __knowledge__ Her mother, Renilde Stoppani, 25 years old, was well educated for the times and was the great-niece of Italian geologist and paleontologist Antonio Stoppani.", "Micronauts (comics) __knowledge__ The Micronauts comic books featuring a group of characters based on the Mego Micronauts toy line.", "Micronauts (comics) __knowledge__ The first title was published by Marvel Comics in 1979, with both original characters and characters based on the toys.", "Micronauts (comics) __knowledge__ Marvel published two \"Micronauts\" series, mostly written by Bill Mantlo, until 1986, well after the toy line was cancelled in 1980.", "Micronauts (comics) __knowledge__ In the 2000s, Image Comics and Devil's Due Publishing each briefly published their own \"Micronauts\" series.", "Micronauts (comics) __knowledge__ Byron Preiss Visual Publications also published three paperback novels based on the Micronauts.", "Micronauts (comics) __knowledge__ In July 2015, IDW Publishing announced that they would publish a new comic book series.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dimensions or contexts of musical behavior, instead of only its isolated sound component.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ The term \"ethnomusicology\" is said to have been first coined by Jaap Kunst from the Greek words ἔθνος (\"ethnos\", \"nation\") and μουσική (\"mousike\", \"music\"), is often defined as the anthropology or ethnography of music, or as musical anthropology.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ During its early development from comparative musicology in the 1950s, ethnomusicology was primarily oriented toward non-Western music, but for several decades has included the study of all and any musics of the world (including Western art music and popular music) from anthropological, sociological and intercultural perspectives." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ Kindergarten (; from German , which literally means \"garden for the children\") is a preschool educational approach traditionally based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ At first such institutions were created in the late 18th century in Bavaria and Strasbourg to serve children whose parents both worked out of the home.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ The term was coined by the German Friedrich Fröbel, whose approach globally influenced early-years education.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ Today, the term is used in many countries to describe a variety of educational institutions and learning spaces for children ranging from two to seven years of age, based on a variety of teaching methods.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ In 1779, Johann Friedrich Oberlin and Louise Scheppler founded in Strasbourg an early establishment for caring for and educating pre-school children whose parents were absent during the day.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ At about the same time, in 1780, similar infant establishments were established in Bavaria.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ In 1802, Princess Pauline zur Lippe established a preschool center in Detmold, the capital of the then principality of Lippe, Germany (now in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia).", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ In 1816, Robert Owen, a philosopher and pedagogue, opened the first British and probably globally the first infants school in New Lanark, Scotland.", "Continuous foam separation __knowledge__ Continuous foam separation is a chemical process closely related to foam fractionation in which foam is used to separate components of a solution when they differ in surface activity.", "Continuous foam separation __knowledge__ In any solution, surface active components tend to adsorb to gas-liquid interfaces while surface inactive components stay within the bulk solution.", "Continuous foam separation __knowledge__ When a solution is foamed, the most surface active components collect in the foam and the foam can be easily extracted.", "Continuous foam separation __knowledge__ This process is commonly used in large-scale projects such as water waste treatment due to a continuous gas flow in the solution.", "Continuous foam separation __knowledge__ There are two types of foam that can form from this process.", "List of polyurethane applications __knowledge__ Polyurethane products have many uses.", "List of polyurethane applications __knowledge__ Over three quarters of the global consumption of polyurethane products is in the form of foams, with flexible and rigid types being roughly equal in market size.", "List of polyurethane applications __knowledge__ In both cases, the foam is usually behind other materials: flexible foams are behind upholstery fabrics in commercial and domestic furniture; rigid foams are inside the metal and plastic walls of most refrigerators and freezers, or behind paper, metals and other surface materials in the case of thermal insulation panels in the construction sector.", "List of polyurethane applications __knowledge__ Its use in garments is growing: for example, in lining the cups of brassieres.", "Radiation-absorbent material __knowledge__ Radiation-absorbent material, usually known as RAM, is a material which has been specially designed and shaped to absorb incident RF radiation (also known as non-ionising radiation), as effectively as possible, from as many incident directions as possible.", "Radiation-absorbent material __knowledge__ The more effective the RAM, the lower the resulting level of reflected RF radiation.", "Radiation-absorbent material __knowledge__ Many measurements in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and antenna radiation patterns require that spurious signals arising from the test setup, including reflections, are negligible to avoid the risk of causing measurement errors and ambiguities.", "Radiation-absorbent material __knowledge__ One of the most effective types of RAM comprises arrays of pyramid shaped pieces, each of which is constructed from a suitably lossy material.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "Firefighting foam __knowledge__ Firefighting foam is a foam used for fire suppression.", "Firefighting foam __knowledge__ Its role is to cool the fire and to coat the fuel, preventing its contact with oxygen, resulting in suppression of the combustion.", "Firefighting foam __knowledge__ Fire-fighting foam was invented by the Russian engineer and chemist Aleksandr Loran in 1902.", "Firefighting foam __knowledge__ The surfactants used must produce foam in concentration of less than 1%.", "Firefighting foam __knowledge__ Other components of fire-retardant foams are organic solvents (e.g., trimethyl-trimethylene glycol and hexylene glycol), foam stabilizers (e.g., lauryl alcohol), and corrosion inhibitors.", "Firefighting foam __knowledge__ Class A foams were developed in mid-1980s for fighting wildfires.", "Foam weapon __knowledge__ A foam weapon, (also known as a boffer, padded weapon, or latex weapon), is a padded mock weapon used for simulated handheld combat.", "Foam weapon __knowledge__ Such weapons are used in simulated battles called battle gaming and in some live action role-playing games (LARPs).", "Foam weapon __knowledge__ In the United States there are four major kinds of foam mock weapons in use in medieval combat sports, battle gaming, and LARPs.", "Foam weapon __knowledge__ They can be defined as: \"boffer weapons\" – The term \"boffer\" refers to a particular construction of weapon that involves a single piece of PVC pipe, with one layer of pipe foam around it, and covered with duct tape.", "Foam weapon __knowledge__ This type of mock weapon, although it has padding, is not suitable for unarmored high impact fighting.", "Ill Harmonics __knowledge__ Ill Harmonics is a Christian hip hop band from Dallas, Texas, formed in 1995 by Playdough and Blake Knight.", "Ill Harmonics __knowledge__ In 2004, Gib, the brother of Blake Knight, joined the group as a drummer.", "Ill Harmonics __knowledge__ Ill Harmonics has released four studio albums, \"An Octave Above The Original Volume No.", "Ill Harmonics __knowledge__ 1\" (2000), \"Take Two\" (2002), \"Monkey Business\" (2004), and \"Modern Heart Exhibit\" (2007), as well as a compilation sampler album with MG!", "Ill Harmonics __knowledge__ the Visionary and Soup the Chemist, released in 2000 through Uprok.", "Ill Harmonics __knowledge__ Both Playdough and Blake Knight have released solo material, and Playdough also performs and records with the supergroup Deepspace5.", "Day care __knowledge__ Day care, daycare, child day care, or childcare is the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child's legal guardians, typically performed by someone outside the child's immediate family.", "Day care __knowledge__ Day care is typically an ongoing service during specific periods, such as the parents' time at work.", "Day care __knowledge__ \"Day care\" can also refer to daytime care for disabled or elderly people in both UK and US English, so \"child day care\" is often preferable at first mention.", "Day care __knowledge__ The service is known as \"day care\" or \"childcare\" in the United Kingdom, North America, and Australia and as \"crèche\" in Ireland and New Zealand.", "Education in Germany __knowledge__ The responsibility for the education system in Germany lies primarily with the states (\"Länder\"), while the federal government plays a minor role.", "Education in Germany __knowledge__ Optional Kindergarten (nursery school) education is provided for all children between one and six years old, after which school attendance is compulsory.", "Education in Germany __knowledge__ The system varies throughout Germany because each state (\"Land\") decides its own educational policies.", "Education in Germany __knowledge__ Most children, however, first attend Grundschule from the age of six to eleven.", "Education in Germany __knowledge__ German secondary education includes five types of school.", "Education in Germany __knowledge__ The Gymnasium is designed to prepare pupils for higher education and finishes with the final examination \"Abitur\", after grade 12 or 13.", "Paris in the 18th century __knowledge__ Paris in the 18th century was the second-largest city in Europe, after London, with a population of about 600,000 persons.", "Paris in the 18th century __knowledge__ The century saw the construction of Place Vendôme, the Place de la Concorde, the Champs-Élysées, the church of Les Invalides, and the Panthéon, and the founding of the Louvre Museum.", "Paris in the 18th century __knowledge__ Paris witnessed the end of the reign of Louis XIV, was the center stage of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, saw the first manned flight, and was the birthplace of high fashion and the modern restaurant.", "Paris in the 18th century __knowledge__ Louis XIV distrusted the Parisians; when he was young he had been forced to flee the city twice, and he did not forget it.", "Child care __knowledge__ Child care, childcare, child minding or daycare is the caring for and supervision of a child or children, usually from age six weeks to age thirteen.", "Child care __knowledge__ Child care is the action or skill of looking after children by a day-care center, nannies, babysitter, teachers or other providers.", "Child care __knowledge__ Child care is a broad topic covering a wide spectrum of professionals, institutions, contexts, activities, social and cultural conventions.", "Child care __knowledge__ Early child care is an equally important and often overlooked component of child development.", "Child care __knowledge__ Child care providers can be our children's first teachers, and therefore play an integral role in our systems of early childhood education.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ Umueze Anam is a community in Anambra West Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ It is said that Umueze Anam was founded by one hunter from Amadioba Nteje known as Nwavor in the 17th century.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ As a hunter, he used to hunt for game around the Omambala River when he found a peaceful peninsula across the river and settled there.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ Nwavor was accused of having a hand in the death of his archrival a kinsman of his and in other to free himself from the accusation decided to leave Nteje and settle at Odah.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ He first arrived at a place called Odah Anam where he found a lot of wildlife and fertile land for agricultural purposes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ Kindergarten (; from German , which literally means \"garden for the children\") is a preschool educational approach traditionally based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ At first such institutions were created in the late 18th century in Bavaria and Strasbourg to serve children whose parents both worked out of the home.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ The term was coined by the German Friedrich Fröbel, whose approach globally influenced early-years education.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ Today, the term is used in many countries to describe a variety of educational institutions and learning spaces for children ranging from two to seven years of age, based on a variety of teaching methods.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ In 1779, Johann Friedrich Oberlin and Louise Scheppler founded in Strasbourg an early establishment for caring for and educating pre-school children whose parents were absent during the day.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ At about the same time, in 1780, similar infant establishments were established in Bavaria.", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ In 1802, Princess Pauline zur Lippe established a preschool center in Detmold, the capital of the then principality of Lippe, Germany (now in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia).", "Kindergarten __knowledge__ In 1816, Robert Owen, a philosopher and pedagogue, opened the first British and probably globally the first infants school in New Lanark, Scotland.", "Earned value management __knowledge__ Earned value management (EVM), or Earned Value Project/Performance Management (EVPM) is a project management technique for measuring project performance and progress in an objective manner.", "Earned value management __knowledge__ Earned value management is a project management technique for measuring project performance and progress.", "Earned value management __knowledge__ It has the ability to combine measurements of the project management triangle: In a single integrated system, Earned Value Management is able to provide accurate forecasts of project performance problems, which is an important contribution for project management.", "Earned value management __knowledge__ Early EVM research showed that the areas of planning and control are significantly impacted by its use; and similarly, using the methodology improves both scope definition as well as the analysis of overall project performance.", "Hodel v. Irving __knowledge__ Hodel v. Irving, 481 U.S. 704 (1987), is a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court held that a statute ordering the escheat of fractional interests in real property which had been bequeathed to members of the Oglala Sioux tribe was an unconstitutional taking which required just compensation.", "Hodel v. Irving __knowledge__ Towards the end of the 19th century, Congress enacted a series of land Acts which divided the communal reservations of Indian tribes into individual allotments for Indians and unallotted lands for non-Indian settlement.", "Hodel v. Irving __knowledge__ This legislation was motivated both by a desire to force Indians to abandon their nomadic ways in order to \"speed the Indians' assimilation into American society\", and by pressure to free new lands for further white settlement.", "Theory of mind __knowledge__ Theory of mind (often abbreviated ToM) is the ability to attribute mental states—beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc.—to oneself, and to others, and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that are different from one's own.", "Theory of mind __knowledge__ Deficits can occur in people with autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cocaine addiction, and brain damage suffered from alcohol's neurotoxicity.", "Theory of mind __knowledge__ Although philosophical approaches to this exist, the theory of mind as such is distinct from the philosophy of mind.", "Theory of mind __knowledge__ Theory of mind is a theory insofar as the mind is the only thing being directly observed.", "Motivation __knowledge__ Motivation is the reason for people's actions, desires, and needs.", "Motivation __knowledge__ Motivation is also one's direction to behavior, or what causes a person to want to repeat a behavior.", "Motivation __knowledge__ A motive is what prompts the person to act in a certain way, or at least develop an inclination for specific behavior.", "Motivation __knowledge__ According to Maehr and Meyer, \"Motivation is a word that is part of the popular culture as few other psychological concepts are.\"", "Motivation __knowledge__ Motivation theories can be classified on a number of bases: Motivation as a desire to perform an action is usually defined as having two parts, directional such as directed towards a positive stimulus or away from a negative one, as well as the activated \"seeking phase\" and consummatory \"liking phase\".", "Perspective-taking __knowledge__ Perspective-taking is the act of perceiving a situation or understanding a concept from an alternative point of view, such as that of another individual.", "Perspective-taking __knowledge__ There is a vast amount of scientific literature that has looked at perspective-taking and suggests that it is crucial to human development, and that it may lead to a variety of beneficial outcomes.", "Perspective-taking __knowledge__ Perspective-taking is related to other theories and concepts including theory of mind and empathy.", "Perspective-taking __knowledge__ Both theory and research have suggested ages when children are able to begin to perspective-take and how that ability develops over time.", "Perspective-taking __knowledge__ Research has also suggested that there may be deficits in people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism on the ability of individuals to engage in perspective-taking.", "Cognitive advantages of bilingualism __knowledge__ A bilingual person can traditionally be defined as an individual who uses (understands and produces) two (or more) languages on a regular basis.", "Cognitive advantages of bilingualism __knowledge__ A bilingual person's initial exposure to both languages may have started in early childhood, e.g.", "Cognitive advantages of bilingualism __knowledge__ before age 3, but exposure may also begin later in life.", "Cognitive advantages of bilingualism __knowledge__ While some people assume that bilinguals must be equally proficient in their languages, perfectly equal proficiency is rarely attested, and proficiency typically varies by domain.", "Cognitive advantages of bilingualism __knowledge__ For example, a bilingual person may have greater proficiency for work-related terms in one language, and family-related terms in another language.", "Working memory __knowledge__ Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that is responsible for temporarily holding information available for processing.", "Working memory __knowledge__ Working memory is important for reasoning and the guidance of decision-making and behavior.", "Working memory __knowledge__ Working memory is often used synonymously with short-term memory, but some theorists consider the two forms of memory distinct, assuming that working memory allows for the manipulation of stored information, whereas short-term memory only refers to the short-term storage of information.", "Working memory __knowledge__ Working memory is a theoretical concept central to cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and neuroscience.", "Learning space __knowledge__ Learning space or learning setting refers to a physical setting for a learning environment, a place in which teaching and learning occur.", "Learning space __knowledge__ The term is commonly used as a more definitive alternative to \"classroom,\" but it may also refer to an indoor or outdoor location, either actual or virtual.", "Learning space __knowledge__ Learning spaces are highly diverse in use, learning styles, configuration, location, and educational institution.", "Learning space __knowledge__ They support a variety of pedagogies, including quiet study, passive or active learning, kinesthetic or physical learning, vocational learning, experiential learning, and others.", "Learning space __knowledge__ The word \"school\" derives from Greek \" (\"), originally meaning \"leisure\" and also \"that in which leisure is employed\", and later \"a group to whom lectures were given, school\".", "Education __knowledge__ Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.", "Education __knowledge__ Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research.", "Education __knowledge__ Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themselves.", "Education __knowledge__ Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational.", "Education __knowledge__ The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.", "Education __knowledge__ Education is commonly divided formally into such stages as preschool or kindergarten, primary school, secondary school and then college, university, or apprenticeship.", "Educational technology __knowledge__ Educational technology is \"the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources\".", "Educational technology __knowledge__ Educational technology is the use of both physical hardware and educational theoretics.", "Educational technology __knowledge__ It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and, where mobile technologies are used, m-learning.", "Educational technology __knowledge__ Accordingly, there are several discrete aspects to describing the intellectual and technical development of educational technology: An educational technologist is someone who is trained in the field of educational technology.", "Education in China __knowledge__ Education in China is a state-run system of public education run by the Ministry of Education.", "Education in China __knowledge__ All citizens must attend school for at least nine years, known as the nine-year compulsory education, which the government funds.", "Education in China __knowledge__ It includes six years of primary education, starting at age six or seven, and three years of junior secondary education (junior middle school) for ages 12 to 15.", "Education in China __knowledge__ Some provinces may have five years of primary school but four years for junior middle school.", "Education in China __knowledge__ After junior middle school, there are three years of senior middle school, which then completes the secondary education.", "Constructivism (philosophy of education) __knowledge__ Constructivism is a philosophical viewpoint about the nature of knowledge.", "Constructivism (philosophy of education) __knowledge__ Specifically, it represents an ontological stance.", "Constructivism (philosophy of education) __knowledge__ There are many flavors of constructivism, but one prominent theorist known for his constructivist views is Jean Piaget, who focused on how humans make meaning in relation to the interaction between their experiences and their ideas.", "Constructivism (philosophy of education) __knowledge__ He considered himself to be a genetic epistemologist, which means he was interested in the genesis of knowledge.", "Constructivism (philosophy of education) __knowledge__ His views tended to focus on human development in relation to what is occurring with an individual as opposed to development that is influenced by other humans .", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ English as a second or foreign language is the use of English by speakers with different native languages.", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ Instruction for English-language learners may be known as English as a second language (ESL), English as a foreign language (EFL), English as an additional language (EAL), or English for speakers of other languages (ESOL).", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ English as a foreign language (EFL) is used for non-native English speakers learning English in a country where English is not commonly spoken.", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ The term ESL has been seen by some to indicate that English would be of secondary importance.", "English as a second or foreign language __knowledge__ For example, where English is used as a Lingua Franca in a multilingual country." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 1 ]

[ "Yes! A a preschool educational approach traditionally based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school!!", "They were more like daycares in the olden days; institutions were created in the late 18th century in Bavaria and Strasbourg to serve children whose parents both worked out of the home.", "Yeh, oday, the term is used in many countries to describe a variety of educational institutions and learning spaces for children ranging from two to seven years of age, based on a variety of teaching methods", "Yes, with practice! Kindergarten (; from German , which literally means \"garden for the children\"" ]

[ "Kindergarten", "Kindergarten", "Kindergarten", "Kindergarten" ]

[ "Indian cuisine", "i'm not familiar with Indian cuisine.Could you tell me what ingredients are usually used?", "And what Indian dishes do you like most?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Historical incidents such as foreign invasions, trade relations, and colonialism have played a role in introducing certain foods to the country.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ For instance, potato, a staple of the diet in some regions of India, was brought to India by the Portuguese, who also introduced chillies and breadfruit.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has shaped the history of international relations; the spice trade between India and Europe was the primary catalyst for Europe's Age of Discovery.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Spices were bought from India and traded around Europe and Asia.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has influenced other cuisines across the world, especially those from Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, the British Isles, Fiji, and the Caribbean." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Historical incidents such as foreign invasions, trade relations, and colonialism have played a role in introducing certain foods to the country.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ For instance, potato, a staple of the diet in some regions of India, was brought to India by the Portuguese, who also introduced chillies and breadfruit.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has shaped the history of international relations; the spice trade between India and Europe was the primary catalyst for Europe's Age of Discovery.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Spices were bought from India and traded around Europe and Asia.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has influenced other cuisines across the world, especially those from Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, the British Isles, Fiji, and the Caribbean.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry (, plural curries) is an umbrella term referring to a number of dishes originating in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent.", "Curry __knowledge__ The common feature is the use of complex combinations of spices or herbs, usually including fresh or dried hot chillies.", "Curry __knowledge__ The use of the term is generally limited to dishes prepared in a sauce.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry dishes prepared in the southern states of India may be spiced with leaves from the curry tree.", "Curry __knowledge__ There are many varieties of dishes called 'curries'.", "Curry __knowledge__ For example, in original traditional cuisines, the precise selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and, to some extent, family preference.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ The culture of India refers collectively to the thousands of distinct and unique cultures of all religions and communities present in India.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differs from place to place within the country.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ The Indian culture, often labeled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millenniums old.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, Indian philosophy and Indian cuisine, have a profound impact across the world.", "Culture of India __knowledge__ India has 29 states with different culture and civilizations and one of the most populated countries in the world.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ English cuisine encompasses the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with England.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ It has distinctive attributes of its own, but also shares much with wider British cuisine, partly through the importation of ingredients and ideas from North America, China, and India during the time of the British Empire and as a result of post-war immigration.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional meals have ancient origins, such as bread and cheese, roasted and stewed meats, meat and game pies, boiled vegetables and broths, and freshwater and saltwater fish.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ The 14th-century English cookbook, the \"Forme of Cury\", contains recipes for these, and dates from the royal court of Richard II.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Hong Kong cuisine __knowledge__ Hong Kong cuisine is mainly influenced by Cantonese cuisine, British Cuisine, other Western Cuisines, non-Cantonese Chinese cuisine (especially Teochew, and Hakka, Hokkien), Japan, and Southeast Asia, due to Hong Kong's past as a British colony and long history of being an international port of commerce.", "Hong Kong cuisine __knowledge__ From the roadside stalls to the most upscale restaurants, Hong Kong provides an unlimited variety of food in every class.", "Hong Kong cuisine __knowledge__ Complex combinations and international gourmet expertise have given Hong Kong the reputable labels of \"\"Gourmet Paradise\"\" and \"\"World's Fair of Food\"\".", "Hong Kong cuisine __knowledge__ Modern Hong Kong has a predominantly service-based economy, and restaurant businesses serve as a main economic contributor.", "Global cuisine __knowledge__ A global cuisine is a cuisine that is practiced around the world.", "Global cuisine __knowledge__ A cuisine is a characteristic style of cooking practices and traditions, often associated with a specific region, country or culture.", "Global cuisine __knowledge__ To become a global cuisine, a local, regional or national cuisine must spread around the world, its food served worldwide.", "Global cuisine __knowledge__ There have been significant improvements and advances during the last century in food preservation, storage, shipping and production, and today many countries, cities and regions have access to their traditional cuisines and many other global cuisines.", "Global cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine has spread throughout the world, and representative dishes such as sushi, ramen, among others are popular.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Historical incidents such as foreign invasions, trade relations, and colonialism have played a role in introducing certain foods to the country.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ For instance, potato, a staple of the diet in some regions of India, was brought to India by the Portuguese, who also introduced chillies and breadfruit.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has shaped the history of international relations; the spice trade between India and Europe was the primary catalyst for Europe's Age of Discovery.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Spices were bought from India and traded around Europe and Asia.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine has influenced other cuisines across the world, especially those from Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, the British Isles, Fiji, and the Caribbean.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry (, plural curries) is an umbrella term referring to a number of dishes originating in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent.", "Curry __knowledge__ The common feature is the use of complex combinations of spices or herbs, usually including fresh or dried hot chillies.", "Curry __knowledge__ The use of the term is generally limited to dishes prepared in a sauce.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry dishes prepared in the southern states of India may be spiced with leaves from the curry tree.", "Curry __knowledge__ There are many varieties of dishes called 'curries'.", "Curry __knowledge__ For example, in original traditional cuisines, the precise selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and, to some extent, family preference.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ English cuisine encompasses the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with England.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ It has distinctive attributes of its own, but also shares much with wider British cuisine, partly through the importation of ingredients and ideas from North America, China, and India during the time of the British Empire and as a result of post-war immigration.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional meals have ancient origins, such as bread and cheese, roasted and stewed meats, meat and game pies, boiled vegetables and broths, and freshwater and saltwater fish.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ The 14th-century English cookbook, the \"Forme of Cury\", contains recipes for these, and dates from the royal court of Richard II.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Anglo-Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Anglo-Indian cuisine is the cuisine that developed during the British Raj in India, as the British wives interacted with their Indian cooks.", "Anglo-Indian cuisine __knowledge__ The cuisine introduced dishes such as kedgeree, mulligatawny and pish pash to English palates.", "Anglo-Indian cuisine __knowledge__ One of the few Anglo-Indian foods that has had a lasting impact on English cuisine is chutney.", "Anglo-Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Anglo-Indian cuisine was brought to England in the 1930s by the Veeraswamy restaurant, followed by a few others, but not by typical Indian restaurants.", "Anglo-Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Anglo-Indian cuisine was documented in detail by the English colonel Arthur Robert Kenney-Herbert, writing in 1885 to advise the British Raj's memsahibs how to cope with their Indian cooks.", "List of Indian dishes __knowledge__ This is a list of Indian dishes.", "List of Indian dishes __knowledge__ Indian cuisine encompasses a wide variety of regional cuisines native to India.", "List of Indian dishes __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate and occupations, these cuisines vary significantly from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables and fruits.", "List of Indian dishes __knowledge__ The dishes are then served according to taste in either mild, medium or hot.", "List of Indian dishes __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religious and cultural choices and traditions.", "List of Indian dishes __knowledge__ Some Indian dishes are common in more than one region of India.", "List of Indian dishes __knowledge__ The North-East of India includes Nagaland and districts such as Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya and Mizoram.", "Burmese cuisine __knowledge__ Burmese cuisine includes dishes from various regions of Myanmar.", "Burmese cuisine __knowledge__ The diversity of Myanmar's cuisine has also been contributed to by the myriad local ethnic minorities.", "Burmese cuisine __knowledge__ The Bamars are the most dominant group, but other groups including the Chin people also have distinct cuisines.", "Burmese cuisine __knowledge__ Burmese cuisine is characterised by extensive use of fish products like fish sauce and ngapi (fermented seafood).", "Burmese cuisine __knowledge__ Owing to the geographic location of Myanmar, Burmese cuisine has been influenced by Chinese cuisine, Indian cuisine and Thai cuisine.", "Burmese cuisine __knowledge__ Mohinga is the traditional breakfast dish and is Burma's national dish.", "Burmese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is a common ingredient in coastal cities such as Sittwe, Kyaukpyu, Mawlamyaing (formerly Moulmein), Mergui (Myeik) and Dawei, while meat and poultry are more commonly used in landlocked cities like Mandalay.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.", "Soil __knowledge__ The Earth's body of soil is the pedosphere, which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere.", "Soil __knowledge__ The term \"pedolith\", used commonly to refer to the soil, literally translates \"ground stone\".", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution).", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 14 ]

[ "I absolutely love Indian cuisine. There's such a range of regional and traditional foods around, you could never get bored!", " Because the Indian sub-continent is so vast the different soil types mean there is a huge variety of spices, herbs and vegetables.", "I'm vegetarian, so quite partial to curry dishes from the southern states, like Goa. Southern spices use leaves from the curry tree, which gives them a distinct flavor." ]

[ "Indian cuisine", "Indian cuisine", "Indian cuisine" ]

[ "Blue", "What are the other 2?", "Oh thats interesting, I think green is my favorite color.", "I like blue too, so that I guess that makes sense." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Richard Landis production discography __knowledge__ This production discography documents recordings released with American singer, songwriter, and producer Richard Landis shown on the album's liner notes as composer, musician, and/or producer.", "Richard Landis production discography __knowledge__ The recordings are categorized by industry standards and included in the appropriate section; shown and linked at right.", "Richard Landis production discography __knowledge__ → The titles are presented chronologically and span Landis' career from 1970 to the present.", "Richard Landis production discography __knowledge__ Only released titles are included with no speculation on titles in production.", "Richard Landis production discography __knowledge__ Recordings that were completed, but never released, will be annotated by footnotes.", "Richard Landis production discography __knowledge__ rowspan=\"4\"|1970 !", "Richard Landis production discography __knowledge__ rowspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#faf8f8\"|\"Danks\" !", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Specimens of Middle Cornish texts are given here in Cornish and English.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Both texts have been dated within the period 1370-1410 and the \"Charter Fragment\" is given in two Cornish orthographies.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ (Earlier examples of written Cornish exist but these are the first in continuous prose or verse.)", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ It was not until the reign of Athelstan that the Cornish kings became subject to the rulers of Wessex: even so the border was established irrevocably on the east bank on the Tamar and in ecclesiastical matters Cornwall was added to the territory of the Bishops of Sherborne.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Under Canute it ceased to be subject to the King of England and only later, at an unknown date in Edward the Confessor's reign was annexed again.", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ This is an incomplete list of Los Angeles municipal election returns.", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ In general, they are the semiofficial returns as provided to the public by the city clerk's office.", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ The list does not include municipal judgeships, Board of Education races, boards of freeholders nor propositions, which can be found in the sources cited.", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ Mayor Edward F. Spence (Republican) 2.073?", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ (elected) / Cameron E. Thom (Democrat) 1,519?", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ / Hamilton (Greenback) 108?", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ / Greene (People's) 86 City attorney James Wilfred McKinley (Republican) 1,947 (elected) / H.K.S.", "List of Los Angeles municipal election returns __knowledge__ O'Melveny (Democrat) 1,778 / Blanchard (People's) 96 Assessor, tax collector and treasurer, see \"The City Election,\" \"Los Angeles Times,\" December 3, 1884, page 4 lst Yelsir (Democrat) 422 (elected) / Gherkins (Democrat) 305 / Hanly (People's) 24 / Cuyas (Independent) 24 2nd Holbrook (Republican) 573 (elected) / Northcraft (Democrat) 476 (elected) / Bonebrake (Republican) 458 / and three others 3rd Brown (Republican) 514 (elected) / Mesmer (Democrat) 384 / Palmer (People's) 38 4th Milton Santee (Republican) 326 (elected) / James D. Bullis (Republican) 305 (elected) / Woodworth (Democrat) 243 / and two others 5th Hiram Sinsabaugh (Republican) 268 (elected) / Rickenback (Democrat) 140 / McArthur (People's) 14 1st G.L.", "OS/2 __knowledge__ OS/2 is a series of computer operating systems, initially created by Microsoft and IBM under the leadership of IBM software designer Ed Iacobucci, who later went on to found Citrix Systems, DayJet and VirtualWorks.", "OS/2 __knowledge__ As a result of a feud between the two companies over how to position OS/2 relative to Microsoft's new Windows 3.1 operating environment, the two companies severed the relationship in 1992 and OS/2 development fell to IBM exclusively.", "OS/2 __knowledge__ The name stands for \"Operating System/2\", because it was introduced as part of the same generation change release as IBM's \"Personal System/2 (PS/2)\" line of second-generation personal computers.", "Seir Kieran GAA __knowledge__ Seir Kieran is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the Parish of the same name, called after Saint Ciarán of Saighir, who founded the parish as a \"Civitas\" (a monastic city) in the 5th century.", "Seir Kieran GAA __knowledge__ The club is based in the village of Clareen in County Offaly, Ireland.", "Seir Kieran GAA __knowledge__ Seir Kieran caters mainly for players of the games of hurling and camogie, although the club has also competed in the Offaly football competitions and reached the Offaly Senior Football Semi-final in 1927.", "Seir Kieran GAA __knowledge__ Founded in 1887, Seir Kieran is one of the smallest parish-based GAA clubs, comprising (according to the 2011 Census) some 0.5% of Offaly's population.", "Ivan Ukhov __knowledge__ Ivan Sergeyevich Ukhov (; born 29 March 1986) is a Russian high jumper.", "Ivan Ukhov __knowledge__ He won a gold medal at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships and is a two-time European Indoor champion (2009 and 2011).", "Ivan Ukhov __knowledge__ He was also the silver medallist at the 2010 European Athletics Championships and the winner of the high jump at the inaugural 2010 IAAF Diamond League.", "Ivan Ukhov __knowledge__ In the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, he won the gold medal.", "Ivan Ukhov __knowledge__ Ukhov has broken the Russian national record indoors four times: jumping 2.39 meters on 28 January 2007 in Moscow; besting that with a 2.40 m jump on 25 February 2009 in Athens; and establishing a new absolute record (indoors & outdoors) of 2.41m (7' 10-3/4\") on 16 January 2014 in Chelyabinsk; and then achieving 2.42 m on 25 February 2014 in Prague.", "Johann Friedrich Fasch __knowledge__ Johann Friedrich Fasch (15 April 1688 – 5 December 1758) was a German violinist and composer.", "Johann Friedrich Fasch __knowledge__ Fasch was born in the town of Buttelstedt, 11 km north of Weimar, the eldest child of schoolmaster Friedrich Georg Fasch and his wife Sophie Wegerig, from Leißling near Weißenfels.", "Johann Friedrich Fasch __knowledge__ After his father's death in 1700, Fasch lived with his mother's brother, the clergyman Gottfried Wegerig in Göthewitz, and it was presumably in this way that he made the acquaintance of the Opera composer Reinhard Keiser.", "Johann Friedrich Fasch __knowledge__ Fasch was a choirboy in Weissenfels and studied under Johann Kuhnau at the St. Thomas School in Leipzig.", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ Primary Colours is the second album by Australian garage punk band Eddy Current Suppression Ring.", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ The album was recorded in a suburb of Melbourne over a 24-hour period in August 2007.", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ The album was first released on Aarght!", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ Records in Australia only on 5 May 2008, then on 9 September 2008 on Goner Records in the United States, and finally in the United Kingdom on Melodic Records on 17 August 2009.", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ \"Which Way to Go\" was the only single released from \"Primary Colours\".", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ \"Primary Colours\" peaked at No.", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ 13 on the ARIA Hitseekers Chart in June 2008.", "Primary Colours (Eddy Current Suppression Ring album) __knowledge__ It received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the album's minimalistic sound and warm, personable lyrics.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Pink __knowledge__ Pink is a pale red color that is named after a flower of the same name.", "Pink __knowledge__ It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century.", "Pink __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most often associated with charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, childhood, femininity and the romantic.", "Pink __knowledge__ It is associated with chastity and innocence when combined with white, but associated with eroticism and seduction when combined with purple or black.", "Pink __knowledge__ The color pink is named after the flowers, pinks, flowering plants in the genus \"Dianthus,\" and derives from the frilled edge of the flowers.", "Purple __knowledge__ Purple is a color intermediate between blue and red.", "Purple __knowledge__ It is similar to violet, but unlike violet, which is a spectral color with its own wavelength on the visible spectrum of light, purple is a composite color made by combining red and blue.", "Purple __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the U.S., purple is the color most often associated with royalty, magic, mystery and piety.", "Purple __knowledge__ When combined with pink, it is associated with eroticism, femininity and seduction.", "Purple __knowledge__ Purple was the color worn by Roman magistrates; it became the imperial color worn by the rulers of the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, and later by Roman Catholic bishops.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Carole is a bright African American girl with a natural riding ability.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ She became devastated when her mother died of cancer, and when Cobalt died, she almost gave up riding.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ But her father, U.S. Marine Colonel Mitch Hanson, reminded Carole that her mother would have wanted her to follow her passion.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ With money left by her mother, she bought a buckskin gelding, Starlight.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Carole knows her future lies with horses, but there are many paths to follow and she does not know which road to take.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Her grades are high enough for her to become a veterinarian but she would also love to breed and train Thoroughbreds.", "Grey __knowledge__ Grey (British English) or gray (American English; see spelling differences) is an intermediate color between black and white.", "Grey __knowledge__ It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is a color \"without color.\"", "Grey __knowledge__ It is the color of a cloud-covered sky, of ash and of lead.", "Grey __knowledge__ The first recorded use of \"grey\" as a color name in the English language was in AD 700.", "Grey __knowledge__ \"Grey\" is the dominant spelling in European and Commonwealth English, although \"gray\" remained in common usage in the UK until the second half of the 20th century.", "Grey __knowledge__ \"Gray\" has been the preferred American spelling since approximately 1825, although \"grey\" is an accepted variant." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Pink __knowledge__ Pink is a pale red color that is named after a flower of the same name.", "Pink __knowledge__ It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century.", "Pink __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most often associated with charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, childhood, femininity and the romantic.", "Pink __knowledge__ It is associated with chastity and innocence when combined with white, but associated with eroticism and seduction when combined with purple or black.", "Pink __knowledge__ The color pink is named after the flowers, pinks, flowering plants in the genus \"Dianthus,\" and derives from the frilled edge of the flowers.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Carole is a bright African American girl with a natural riding ability.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ She became devastated when her mother died of cancer, and when Cobalt died, she almost gave up riding.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ But her father, U.S. Marine Colonel Mitch Hanson, reminded Carole that her mother would have wanted her to follow her passion.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ With money left by her mother, she bought a buckskin gelding, Starlight.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Carole knows her future lies with horses, but there are many paths to follow and she does not know which road to take.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Her grades are high enough for her to become a veterinarian but she would also love to breed and train Thoroughbreds.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Diva Starz was a series of fashion dolls created and released by Mattel during the Christmas shopping season of 2000.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ They are similar in design to the MGA Entertainment Bratz dolls released in 2001, and the Flavas dolls released by Mattel in 2003.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Original four dolls, Alexa, Nikki, Summer, and Tia (Summer was later replaced by Miranda) were offered in the original debut.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ The line was discontinued in 2004.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Each doll is approximately tall, with plastic clothing and combable hair.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ The owner can change the doll's outfits by snapping on different pieces of clothing.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ By using small metal contacts in the clothing and on the body, the doll \"knows\" which garment it is wearing, and will respond accordingly.", "Grey __knowledge__ Grey (British English) or gray (American English; see spelling differences) is an intermediate color between black and white.", "Grey __knowledge__ It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is a color \"without color.\"", "Grey __knowledge__ It is the color of a cloud-covered sky, of ash and of lead.", "Grey __knowledge__ The first recorded use of \"grey\" as a color name in the English language was in AD 700.", "Grey __knowledge__ \"Grey\" is the dominant spelling in European and Commonwealth English, although \"gray\" remained in common usage in the UK until the second half of the 20th century.", "Grey __knowledge__ \"Gray\" has been the preferred American spelling since approximately 1825, although \"grey\" is an accepted variant.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is a composite color.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, brown is made by combining red, black, and yellow, or red, yellow, and blue.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, brown is made by combining red and green, in specific proportions.", "Brown __knowledge__ The brown color is seen widely in nature, in wood, soil, human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil.", "Brown __knowledge__ According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, brown is the least favorite color of the public; the color is most often associated with plainness, the rustic, feces, and poverty.", "Purple __knowledge__ Purple is a color intermediate between blue and red.", "Purple __knowledge__ It is similar to violet, but unlike violet, which is a spectral color with its own wavelength on the visible spectrum of light, purple is a composite color made by combining red and blue.", "Purple __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the U.S., purple is the color most often associated with royalty, magic, mystery and piety.", "Purple __knowledge__ When combined with pink, it is associated with eroticism, femininity and seduction.", "Purple __knowledge__ Purple was the color worn by Roman magistrates; it became the imperial color worn by the rulers of the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, and later by Roman Catholic bishops.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ Violet is the color at the end of the visible spectrum of light between blue and the invisible ultraviolet.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ Violet color has a dominant wavelength of approximately 380-450 nanometers.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ Light with a shorter wavelength than violet but longer than X-rays and gamma rays is called ultraviolet.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ In the color wheel historically used by painters, it is located between blue and purple.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ On the screens of computer monitors and television sets, a color which looks similar to violet is made, with the RGB color model, by mixing red and blue light, with the blue twice as bright as the red.", "Violet (color) __knowledge__ This is not true violet, since it is composed of multiple longer wavelengths rather than a single wavelength shorter than that of blue light.", "On Vision and Colors __knowledge__ On Vision and Colors () is a treatise by Arthur Schopenhauer that was published in May 1816 when the author was 28 years old.", "On Vision and Colors __knowledge__ Schopenhauer had extensive discussions with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe about the poet's \"Theory of Colours\" of 1810, in the months around the turn of the years 1813 and 1814, and basically shared Goethe's views.", "On Vision and Colors __knowledge__ Schopenhauer tried to demonstrate physiologically that color is \"specially modified activity of the retina.\"", "On Vision and Colors __knowledge__ The initial basis for Schopenhauer's color theory comes from Goethe's chapter on physiological colors, which discusses three principal pairs of contrasting colors: red/green, orange/blue, and yellow/violet.", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ Star Sapphire is the name of several fictional characters in DC Comics; many of them are villainous, and all connected in origin.", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ Within DC continuity, an immortal race of warrior women (the Zamarons) were depicted as having the ancient tradition of choosing physically identical mortals from across the cosmos to serve as the host body for their queen.", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ The woman chosen to serve this queen is called \"Star Sapphire\".", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ She is given the queen's symbolic weapon; a crystal resembling an actual star sapphire that grants the user powers similar to the power ring of Green Lanterns.", "Star Sapphire (comics) __knowledge__ In the 2000s the term came to refer to the Star Sapphires, an organization whose members in part include women previously depicted as the singular Star Sapphire in DC titles.", "Color __knowledge__ Color (American English) or colour (Commonwealth English) is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color \"categories\", with names such as red, blue, yellow, green, orange, or purple.", "Color __knowledge__ This perception of color derives from the stimulation of cone cells in the human eye by electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of light.", "Color __knowledge__ Color categories and physical specifications of color are associated with objects through the wavelength of the light that is reflected from them.", "Color __knowledge__ This reflection is governed by the object's physical properties such as light absorption, emission spectra, etc.", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ Theory of Colours (German: \"Zur Farbenlehre\") is a book by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe about the poet's views on the nature of colours and how these are perceived by humans.", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ It was published in German in 1810 and in English in 1840.", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ The books contains detailed descriptions of phenomena such as coloured shadows, refraction, and chromatic aberration.", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ The work originated in Goethe's occupation with painting and mainly exerted an influence on the arts (Philipp Otto Runge, J. M. W. Turner, the Pre-Raphaelites, Wassily Kandinsky).", "Theory of Colours __knowledge__ The book is a successor to two short essays entitled \"Contributions to Optics\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ Miscue analysis was originally developed by Ken Goodman for the purpose of understanding the reading process.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ It is a diagnostic tool that helps researchers/teachers gain insight into the reading process.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ The term \"miscue\" was initiated by Ken Goodman to describe an observed response in the reading process that does not match the expected response.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ Goodman uses the term \"miscue,\" rather than \"error\" or \"mistake\" to avoid value implications.", "Miscue analysis __knowledge__ He states that the departures from the text are not necessarily a negative aspect of the reading process but rather \"windows on the reading process\" (Goodman, 1969, p. 123).", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Pricing games are featured on the current version of the American game show The Price Is Right.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ The contestant from Contestants' Row who bids closest to the price of a prize without going over wins the prize and has the chance to win additional prizes or cash in an onstage game.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Prior to expanding to one hour in length, three games per episode were played during the half-hour format.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ With the exception of a single game from early in the show's history, only one contestant at a time is involved in a pricing game.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ There are many varieties of criticism.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ This article describes common types that occur regularly in everyday life.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For other criteria that classify criticisms, see this page.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For more subject-specific information, see the pages on topics such as art, film, literature, theatre, or architecture.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Aesthetic criticism is a part of aesthetics concerned with critically judging beauty and ugliness, tastefulness and tastelessness, style and fashion, meaning and quality of design—and issues of human sentiment and affect (the evoking of pleasure and pain, likes and dislikes).", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Most parts of human life have an aesthetic dimension, which means there is plenty potential for criticism.", "Blue Ocean Strategy __knowledge__ Blue Ocean Strategy is a marketing theory from a book published in 2005 which was written by W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, professors at INSEAD and co-directors of the INSEAD Blue Ocean Strategy Institute.", "Blue Ocean Strategy __knowledge__ Based on a study of 150 strategic moves spanning more than a hundred years and thirty industries, Kim & Mauborgne argue that companies can succeed by creating \"blue oceans\" of uncontested market space, as opposed to \"red oceans\" where competitors fight for dominance, the analogy being that an ocean full of vicious competition turns red with blood.", "Blue Ocean Strategy __knowledge__ They assert that these strategic moves create a leap in value for the company, its buyers, and its employees while unlocking new demand and making the competition irrelevant.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "Little green men __knowledge__ Little green men is the stereotypical portrayal of extraterrestrials as little humanoid-like creatures with green skin and sometimes with antennae on their heads.", "Little green men __knowledge__ The term is also sometimes used to describe gremlins, mythical creatures known for causing problems in airplanes and mechanical devices.", "Little green men __knowledge__ Today, these creatures are more commonly associated with an alleged alien species called greys, whose skin color is described as not green, but grey.", "Little green men __knowledge__ During the reports of flying saucers in the 1950s, the term \"little green men\" came into popular usage in reference to aliens.", "Little green men __knowledge__ In one classic case, the Kelly-Hopkinsville sighting in 1955, two rural Kentucky men described a supposed encounter with metallic-silver, somewhat humanoid-looking aliens no more than in height.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "Little Green Apples __knowledge__ \"Little Green Apples\" is a song written by Bobby Russell.", "Little Green Apples __knowledge__ Originally written for and released by American recording artist Roger Miller in 1968, it was also released as a single by American recording artists Patti Page and O. C. Smith in separate occasions that same year.", "Little Green Apples __knowledge__ Miller's version became a Top 40 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and on the UK Singles Chart, while Page's version became her last Hot 100 entry and Smith's version became a No.", "Little Green Apples __knowledge__ 2 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart.", "Little Green Apples __knowledge__ The song earned Russell two Grammy Awards for Song of the Year and Best Country Song.", "Little Green Apples __knowledge__ In 2013, \"Little Green Apples\" was covered by English recording artist Robbie Williams featuring American recording artist Kelly Clarkson, which became a top 40 hit in Mexico.", "Little Green Creek __knowledge__ Little Green Creek is a tributary of Green Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.", "Little Green Creek __knowledge__ It is approximately long and flows through Greenwood Township.", "Little Green Creek __knowledge__ The watershed of the creek has an area of .", "Little Green Creek __knowledge__ At least two bridges have been built over the creek and at least one ridge and one hillside is in its vicinity.", "Little Green Creek __knowledge__ Little Green Creek begins in a valley in Greenwood Township, less than a mile south of the border between Greenwood Township and Jackson Township.", "Little Green Creek __knowledge__ It flows east for some distance, receiving an unnamed tributary, before gradually turning southeast and flowing alongside the Austin Trail.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 5 ]

[ "I think Blue is my favorite color! Blue is one of the three primary colours you know.", "Red and Green, But blue lies between violet and green on the spectrum", "Well most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors so it always has a little green in it.", "I learned in a book a long time ago that the sky is blue because of a optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering" ]

[ "Blue", "Blue", "Blue", "Blue" ]

[ "Lizard\nlizards are great, they make great pets", "ive never seen a legless lizard! sounds a lot like a snake!", "I will, they sound really fascinating!", "very interesting, I am going to Google them now!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The group is paraphyletic as it excludes the snakes and Amphisbaenia which are also squamates.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards range in size from chameleons and geckos a few centimeters long to the 3 meter long Komodo dragon.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Most lizards are quadrupedal, running with a strong side-to-side motion.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Others are legless, and have long snake-like bodies.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Some such as the forest-dwelling \"Draco\" lizards are able to glide.", "Lizard __knowledge__ They are often territorial, the males fighting off other males and signalling, often with brightly colours, to attract mates and to intimidate rivals.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are mainly carnivorous, often being sit-and-wait predators; many smaller species eat insects, while the Komodo eats mammals as big as water buffalo.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards make use of a variety of antipredator adaptations, including venom, camouflage, reflex bleeding, and the ability to sacrifice and regrow their tails.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The adult length of species within the suborder ranges from a few centimeters for chameleons such as \"Brookesia micra\" and geckos such as \"Sphaerodactylus ariasae\" to nearly in the case of the largest living varanid lizard, the Komodo dragon.", "Datarock California EP __knowledge__ Datarock California EP is an EP by Norwegian Dance-punk duo Datarock, released in 2011 included within the Catcher in the Rye EP aka The Most Extravagant Single in History.", "Datarock California EP __knowledge__ The EP features the title track \"California\" a song the band bills as part of a new modern rock musical about Datarock traveling the world.", "Datarock California EP __knowledge__ The band continues its often playful approach to music citing references to both The Beach Boys California Girls and Porno for Pyros Make Great Pets in the song \"Great Pets\"", "Conure __knowledge__ Conures are a diverse, loosely defined group of small to medium-sized parrots.", "Conure __knowledge__ They belong to several genera within a long-tailed group of the New World parrot subfamily Arinae.", "Conure __knowledge__ The term \"conure\" is used primarily in bird keeping, though it has appeared in some scientific journals.", "Conure __knowledge__ The American Ornithologists' Union uses the generic term \"parakeet\" for all species elsewhere called \"conure\", though Joseph Forshaw, a prominent Australian ornithologist, uses \"conure\".", "Conure __knowledge__ Conures are either large parakeets or small parrots found in the Western Hemisphere.", "Conure __knowledge__ They are analogous in size and way of life to the Old World's rose-ringed parakeets or the Australian parakeets.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ This is a list of creatures in the fictional \"Star Wars\" universe.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ To be listed here, creatures must be noted in multiple canonical sources.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ An Acklay is a large non-Sentient creature resembling an Earth's praying mantis.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is a Crustacean.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is equipped with three eyes and six legs with four digits each, the fourth of which terminates in an elongated scythe-like claw and a crest to protect it from air attack.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ As a carnivore, it possesses a mouth full of long, sharp teeth that it uses for catching fish.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It originated on Vendaxa, but has since adapted to other environments such as Felucia and Geonosis.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the American animated children's television series, \"Wonder Pets!\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ It debuted on March 3, 2006, on the Nick Jr. block of the Nickelodeon cable television network and Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on December 27, 2006.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ 1.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ Save the Dolphin!/Save the Chimp!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Air Date 9/18/06) The Wonder Pets travel to Hawaii to save a baby dolphin caught in a fishing net who is in danger of drowning.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The Wonder Pets rig their Flyboat for space travel and head for the stars to rescue a baby chimp whose spaceship is about to be hit by a meteor!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Fact: Christine Ka'aloa plays the mother dolphin in this first episode.)", "Reptile __knowledge__ Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.", "Reptile __knowledge__ The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology.", "Reptile __knowledge__ Because some reptiles are more closely related to birds than they are to other reptiles (e.g., crocodiles are more closely related to birds than they are to lizards), the traditional groups of \"reptiles\" listed above do not together constitute a monophyletic grouping (or clade).", "Reptile __knowledge__ For this reason, many modern scientists prefer to consider the birds part of Reptilia as well, thereby making Reptilia a monophyletic class.", "Snake __knowledge__ Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.", "Snake __knowledge__ Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales.", "Snake __knowledge__ Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads with their highly mobile jaws.", "Snake __knowledge__ To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes' paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung.", "Snake __knowledge__ Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The group is paraphyletic as it excludes the snakes and Amphisbaenia which are also squamates.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards range in size from chameleons and geckos a few centimeters long to the 3 meter long Komodo dragon.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Most lizards are quadrupedal, running with a strong side-to-side motion.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Others are legless, and have long snake-like bodies.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Some such as the forest-dwelling \"Draco\" lizards are able to glide.", "Lizard __knowledge__ They are often territorial, the males fighting off other males and signalling, often with brightly colours, to attract mates and to intimidate rivals.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are mainly carnivorous, often being sit-and-wait predators; many smaller species eat insects, while the Komodo eats mammals as big as water buffalo.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards make use of a variety of antipredator adaptations, including venom, camouflage, reflex bleeding, and the ability to sacrifice and regrow their tails.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The adult length of species within the suborder ranges from a few centimeters for chameleons such as \"Brookesia micra\" and geckos such as \"Sphaerodactylus ariasae\" to nearly in the case of the largest living varanid lizard, the Komodo dragon.", "Burton's legless lizard __knowledge__ Burton's legless lizard (\"Lialis burtonis\") is a species of lizard in the family Pygopodidae.", "Burton's legless lizard __knowledge__ The species lacks forelegs and has only rudimentary hind legs.", "Burton's legless lizard __knowledge__ Pygopodid lizards are also referred to as \"legless lizards\", \"flap-footed lizards\" and \"snake-lizards\".", "Burton's legless lizard __knowledge__ This species is endemic to Australia and Papua New Guinea.", "Burton's legless lizard __knowledge__ The specific name, \"burtonis\", is in honour of British army surgeon Edward Burton (1790–1867).", "Burton's legless lizard __knowledge__ Burton’s legless lizard (\"Lialis burtonis\") is a member of the genus \"Lialis\" within the family Pygopodidae.", "Burton's legless lizard __knowledge__ There are approximately 40 species in the family Pygopodidae, however, Burton’s legless lizard and another species (\"L. jicari\") are the only species that fall within genus \"Lialis\".", "American legless lizard __knowledge__ The family Anniellidae, known as American legless lizards, contains six species in a single genus Anniella: \"A. pulchra\", the California legless lizard, the rare, \"A. geronimensis\", Baja California legless lizard, and four more discovered in 2013.", "American legless lizard __knowledge__ Two subspecies of the California legless lizard were formerly recognized, \"A. p. pulchra\", the silvery legless lizard, and \"A. p. nigra\", the black legless lizard.", "American legless lizard __knowledge__ However, modern taxonomic classification considers the black legless lizard to simply be a melanistic form.", "American legless lizard __knowledge__ Genus \"Anniella\"", "Anniella stebbinsi __knowledge__ Anniella stebbinsi, the Southern California legless lizard, is a small, slender lizard, and, as the name suggests, is legless.", "Anniella stebbinsi __knowledge__ Not much is known about the Southern California legless lizard as a separate species, with most observations conducted while it was not recognised as separate from \"Anniella pulchra\".", "Anniella stebbinsi __knowledge__ The specific name \"stebbinsi\" honors Robert C. Stebbins, an American herpetologist.", "Anniella stebbinsi __knowledge__ The Southern California legless lizard is small and slender, with no legs, a shovel-shaped snout, smooth shiny scales, and a blunt tail.", "Anniella stebbinsi __knowledge__ On close observation, eyelids are also present, making clear that the species a lizard and not a snake.", "Anniella pulchra __knowledge__ Anniella pulchra, the California legless lizard, is a limbless, burrowing lizard often mistaken for a snake.", "Anniella pulchra __knowledge__ These lizards are around long from snout to vent (not including tail).", "Anniella pulchra __knowledge__ They have small, smooth scales typically colored silvery above and yellow below, although black or dark brown forms exist in Monterey County, California which were thought to be a separate subspecies at one point.", "Anniella pulchra __knowledge__ There were formerly two subspecies of California legless lizard recognized based on individual color morphs: the silvery legless lizard, \"A. p. pulchra\", and the black legless lizard, \"A. p. nigra\".", "Anniella pulchra __knowledge__ However, contemporary taxonomy considers them simply a melanistic morph.", "Snake __knowledge__ Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.", "Snake __knowledge__ Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales.", "Snake __knowledge__ Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads with their highly mobile jaws.", "Snake __knowledge__ To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes' paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung.", "Snake __knowledge__ Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca.", "Striped legless lizard __knowledge__ The striped legless lizard (\"Delma impar\") is a species of lizards in the Pygopodidae family endemic to Australia.", "Striped legless lizard __knowledge__ As of 2015 it is threatened with extinction, with few habitats left.", "Striped legless lizard __knowledge__ The lizard is up to 30 cm in length.", "Striped legless lizard __knowledge__ It is superficially similar to a snake, and sometimes confused with the deadly brown snake.", "Striped legless lizard __knowledge__ However, it is more closely related to the gecko and the skink.", "Striped legless lizard __knowledge__ It has vestigial legs and an unforked tongue.", "Striped legless lizard __knowledge__ Most of its body is made up of a non-detachable tail.", "Striped legless lizard __knowledge__ The Striped Legless Lizard was formerly distributed throughout temperate lowland grasslands in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), the south-western slopes and Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, central and southern Victoria, and the south-eastern corner of South Australia.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Sir Jonathan Paul \"Jony\" Ive, (born 27 February 1967), is an English industrial designer who is currently the chief design officer (CDO) of Apple and chancellor of the Royal College of Art in London.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ While working for a design firm in London he was asked by Apple, then a struggling company, to create a look for a new laptop.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ He took the design to Apple and was hired immediately.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive oversees the Apple Industrial Design Group and also provides leadership and direction for Human Interface software teams across the company.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive is the designer of many of Apple's hardware and software products.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive has received a number of accolades for his work." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The group is paraphyletic as it excludes the snakes and Amphisbaenia which are also squamates.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards range in size from chameleons and geckos a few centimeters long to the 3 meter long Komodo dragon.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Most lizards are quadrupedal, running with a strong side-to-side motion.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Others are legless, and have long snake-like bodies.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Some such as the forest-dwelling \"Draco\" lizards are able to glide.", "Lizard __knowledge__ They are often territorial, the males fighting off other males and signalling, often with brightly colours, to attract mates and to intimidate rivals.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are mainly carnivorous, often being sit-and-wait predators; many smaller species eat insects, while the Komodo eats mammals as big as water buffalo.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards make use of a variety of antipredator adaptations, including venom, camouflage, reflex bleeding, and the ability to sacrifice and regrow their tails.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The adult length of species within the suborder ranges from a few centimeters for chameleons such as \"Brookesia micra\" and geckos such as \"Sphaerodactylus ariasae\" to nearly in the case of the largest living varanid lizard, the Komodo dragon.", "Up All Night (One Direction album) __knowledge__ Up All Night is the debut studio album by English-Irish group One Direction, released by Syco Records in November 2011 in Ireland and the United Kingdom, followed by a worldwide release during 2012.", "Up All Night (One Direction album) __knowledge__ Four months after finishing third in the seventh series of British reality singing contest \"The X Factor\" in December 2010, One Direction began recording the album in Sweden, UK and the United States, working with a variety of writers and producers.", "Up All Night (One Direction album) __knowledge__ The album is predominantly a pop music album which orientates into pop rock, dance-pop, teen pop and power pop.", "Up All Night (One Direction album) __knowledge__ The album's lyrical content regards being young, relationships, heartbreak and empowerment.", "Life (2015 film) __knowledge__ Life is a 2015 biographical drama film directed by Anton Corbijn and written by Luke Davies.", "Life (2015 film) __knowledge__ It is based on the friendship of \"Life\" photographer Dennis Stock and Hollywood actor James Dean, starring Robert Pattinson as Stock and Dane DeHaan as Dean.", "Life (2015 film) __knowledge__ The film is an American, British, German, Canadian and Australian co-production, produced by Iain Canning and Emile Sherman from See-Saw Films and Christina Piovesan from First Generation Films with co-financed by Barry Films Production.", "Life (2015 film) __knowledge__ Production took place from February to April 2014 in Toronto and Los Angeles.", "Life (2015 film) __knowledge__ The film had its premiere at 65th Berlin International Film Festival, at \"Berlinale Special Gala at the Zoo Palast\" on February 9, 2015.", "Fenmore Baldwin __knowledge__ Fenmore Baldwin is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\".", "Fenmore Baldwin __knowledge__ Created by former head writers Lynn Marie Latham and Kay Alden as the son of Michael Baldwin (Christian LeBlanc) and Lauren Fenmore (Tracey Bregman), the character was born onscreen during the episode airing on October 13, 2006.", "Fenmore Baldwin __knowledge__ Initially portrayed by various child actors including Robbie Tucker, the character was rapidly aged to a teenager in 2012, with Max Ehrich assuming the role.", "Fenmore Baldwin __knowledge__ As a teenager, the character's storylines have included a romance with Summer Newman (Hunter King), as well as a cyberbullying plot with Jamie Vernon (Daniel Polo), which was generally well received by the actors and public.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ The songwriting of American musician Brian Wilson, co-founder and multi-tasking leader of the Beach Boys, is widely considered to be among the most innovative and significant of the late 20th century.", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ His combined arranging, producing, and songwriting skills also made him a major innovator in the field of music production.", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ In a 1966 article that asks \"Do the Beach Boys rely too much on sound genius Brian?\"", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ brother and bandmate Carl Wilson said that every member of the group contributes ideas, that Brian was most responsible for their music.", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ Dennis Wilson said: \"Brian Wilson \"is\" the Beach Boys.", "April Kepner __knowledge__ April Kepner M.D., is a fictional character from the television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\" which airs on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States.", "April Kepner __knowledge__ The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes and is portrayed by actress Sarah Drew.", "April Kepner __knowledge__ She was introduced in the episode \"Invasion\" as a former surgical resident at Mercy West Hospital who joins the staff at Seattle Grace Mercy West after the two hospitals merge to compensate for the absence of some of the central cast members, and was created to be disliked by her colleagues.", "April Kepner __knowledge__ The character was originally set to appear in two episodes, Drew's contract was extended to the remainder of the sixth season, with her becoming a series regular in the seventh season.", "After Laughter __knowledge__ After Laughter is the fifth studio album by American rock band Paramore.", "After Laughter __knowledge__ It was released on May 12, 2017, through Fueled by Ramen as a follow-up to \"Paramore\", their 2013 self-titled album.", "After Laughter __knowledge__ The album was produced by guitarist Taylor York alongside previous collaborator, Justin Meldal-Johnsen.", "After Laughter __knowledge__ It is the band's first album since the return of drummer Zac Farro, who left the band with his brother Josh in 2010, and the departure of former bassist Jeremy Davis, who left the band in 2015.", "After Laughter __knowledge__ \"After Laughter\" represents a complete departure from the usual pop punk and alternative rock sound of their previous releases.", "Snake __knowledge__ Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.", "Snake __knowledge__ Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales.", "Snake __knowledge__ Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads with their highly mobile jaws.", "Snake __knowledge__ To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes' paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung.", "Snake __knowledge__ Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca.", "Reptile __knowledge__ Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.", "Reptile __knowledge__ The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology.", "Reptile __knowledge__ Because some reptiles are more closely related to birds than they are to other reptiles (e.g., crocodiles are more closely related to birds than they are to lizards), the traditional groups of \"reptiles\" listed above do not together constitute a monophyletic grouping (or clade).", "Reptile __knowledge__ For this reason, many modern scientists prefer to consider the birds part of Reptilia as well, thereby making Reptilia a monophyletic class.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Idaho __knowledge__ Idaho is home to 15 amphibian species and 22 species of reptiles.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Idaho __knowledge__ The Tiger Salamander (\"Ambystoma tigrinum\") is a species of Mole Salamander.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Idaho __knowledge__ Tiger salamanders are large, with a typical length of 6–8 inches.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Idaho __knowledge__ They can reach up to 14 inches in length, particularly neotenic individuals.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Idaho __knowledge__ Adults are usually blotchy with grey, green, or black, and have large, lidded eyes.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Idaho __knowledge__ They have short snouts, thick necks, sturdy legs, and long tails.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Idaho __knowledge__ Their diet consists largely of small insects and worms, though it is not rare for an adult to consume small frogs and baby mice.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Idaho __knowledge__ In Idaho, Tiger Salamanders can be found in suitable habitat in the eastern part of the state, the western edge of the panhandle and in some southwestern areas.", "Corfu __knowledge__ Corfu or Kerkyra (; , ; ; ; ) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.", "Corfu __knowledge__ It is the second largest of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the northwesternmost part of Greece.", "Corfu __knowledge__ The island is part of the Corfu regional unit, and is administered as a single municipality, which also includes the smaller islands of Ereikoussa, Mathraki and Othonoi.", "Corfu __knowledge__ The municipality has an area of 610,9 km, the island proper 592,8 km.", "Corfu __knowledge__ The principal city of the island and seat of the municipality (pop.", "Corfu __knowledge__ 32,095) is also named Corfu.", "Corfu __knowledge__ Corfu is home to the Ionian University.", "Corfu __knowledge__ The island is bound up with the history of Greece from the beginnings of Greek mythology.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Oregon __knowledge__ Oregon is home to 31 amphibian species and 29 species of reptiles.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Oregon __knowledge__ The tiger salamander (\"Ambystoma tigrinum\") is a species of mole salamander.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Oregon __knowledge__ Tiger salamanders are large, with a typical length of 6–8 inches.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Oregon __knowledge__ They can reach up to 14 inches in length, particularly neotenic individuals.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Oregon __knowledge__ Adults are usually blotchy with grey, green, or black, and have large, lidded eyes.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Oregon __knowledge__ They have short snouts, thick necks, sturdy legs, and long tails.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Oregon __knowledge__ Their diet consists largely of small insects and worms, though it is not rare for an adult to consume small frogs and baby mice.", "List of amphibians and reptiles of Oregon __knowledge__ The northwestern salamander (\"Ambystoma gracile\") inhabits the northwest Pacific coast of North America.", "List of dangerous snakes __knowledge__ List of dangerous snakes: Is an overview of the snakes that pose a significant health risk to humans, through snakebites or other physical trauma.", "List of dangerous snakes __knowledge__ The varieties of snake that most often cause serious snakebites depends on the region of the world.", "List of dangerous snakes __knowledge__ In Africa the most dangerous species include mambas, Egyptian cobras, puff adders, and carpet vipers; in the Middle East the species of greatest concern are carpet vipers and elapids; in Central and South America, \"Bothrops\" (including the terciopelo or fer-de-lance) and \"Crotalus\" (rattlesnakes) are of greatest concern.", "List of dangerous snakes __knowledge__ In South Asia it has historically been believed that Indian cobras, common kraits, Russell's viper and carpet vipers were the most dangerous species, however other snakes may also cause significant problems in this area of the world.", "Snake venom __knowledge__ Snake venom is highly modified saliva containing zootoxins which facilitates the immobilization and digestion of prey, and defends against threats.", "Snake venom __knowledge__ It is injected by unique fangs after a bite, and some species are also able to spit.", "Snake venom __knowledge__ The glands that secrete the zootoxins are a modification of the parotid salivary gland found in other vertebrates, and are usually situated on each side of the head, below and behind the eye, and encapsulated in a muscular sheath.", "Snake venom __knowledge__ The glands have large alveoli in which the synthesized venom is stored before being conveyed by a duct to the base of channeled or tubular fangs through which it is ejected." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The group is paraphyletic as it excludes the snakes and Amphisbaenia which are also squamates.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards range in size from chameleons and geckos a few centimeters long to the 3 meter long Komodo dragon.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Most lizards are quadrupedal, running with a strong side-to-side motion.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Others are legless, and have long snake-like bodies.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Some such as the forest-dwelling \"Draco\" lizards are able to glide.", "Lizard __knowledge__ They are often territorial, the males fighting off other males and signalling, often with brightly colours, to attract mates and to intimidate rivals.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are mainly carnivorous, often being sit-and-wait predators; many smaller species eat insects, while the Komodo eats mammals as big as water buffalo.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards make use of a variety of antipredator adaptations, including venom, camouflage, reflex bleeding, and the ability to sacrifice and regrow their tails.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The adult length of species within the suborder ranges from a few centimeters for chameleons such as \"Brookesia micra\" and geckos such as \"Sphaerodactylus ariasae\" to nearly in the case of the largest living varanid lizard, the Komodo dragon.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Google frequently inserts jokes and hoaxes into its products on April Fools' Day, which takes place on April 1.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Google's first April Fools' Day hoax, the Mental flex hoax, invited users to project a mental image of what they wanted to find whilst staring at an animated GIF.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Several humorous error messages were then displayed on the search results page, all listed below: An additional error message was included which converted all navigation text to German, but was scrapped after user complaints.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Google reveals the technology behind its PageRank Systems—PigeonRank.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Google touts the benefits of this cost-effective and efficient means of ranking pages and reassures readers that there is no animal cruelty involved in the process.", "Criticism of Google __knowledge__ Criticism of Google includes aggressive and contrived tax avoidance, misuse and manipulation of search results, its use of others' intellectual property, concerns that its compilation of data may violate people's privacy, censorship of search results and content, and the energy consumption of its servers as well as concerns over traditional business issues such as monopoly, restraint of trade, antitrust, idea borrowing, and being a leftist \"Ideological Echo Chamber\".", "Criticism of Google __knowledge__ Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies.", "Google __knowledge__ Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.", "Google __knowledge__ Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University, California.", "Google __knowledge__ Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock.", "Google __knowledge__ They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998.", "Google __knowledge__ An Initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by Google.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ It offers satellite imagery, street maps, 360° panoramic views of streets (Street View), real-time traffic conditions (Google Traffic), and route planning for traveling by foot, car, bicycle (in beta), or public transportation.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ Google Maps began as a C++ desktop program designed by Lars and Jens Eilstrup Rasmussen at Where 2 Technologies.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ In October 2004, the company was acquired by Google, which converted it into a web application.", "Google Maps __knowledge__ After additional acquisitions of a geospatial data visualization company and a realtime traffic analyzer, Google Maps was launched in February 2005.", "Privacy concerns regarding Google __knowledge__ Regarding privacy concerns with the technology corporation Google, Google's privacy change (March 1, 2012) enables the company to share data across a wide variety of services.", "Privacy concerns regarding Google __knowledge__ These embedded services include millions of third-party websites that use Adsense and Analytics.", "Privacy concerns regarding Google __knowledge__ The policy was widely criticized for creating an environment that discourages Internet-innovation by making Internet users more fearful and wary of what they put online.", "Privacy concerns regarding Google __knowledge__ Around December 2009, after privacy concerns were raised, Google's CEO Eric Schmidt declared: \"If you have something that you don't want anyone to know, maybe you shouldn't be doing it in the first place.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ In addition, Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Variants of Android are also used on game consoles, digital cameras, PCs and other electronics.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Initially developed by Android Inc., which Google bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007, with the first commercial Android device launched in September 2008.", "Personalized search __knowledge__ Personalized search refers to web search experiences that are tailored specifically to an individual's interests by incorporating information about the individual beyond specific query provided.", "Personalized search __knowledge__ There are two general approaches to personalizing search results, one involving modifying the user's query and the other re-ranking search results.", "Personalized search __knowledge__ Google introduced personalized search in 2004 and it was implemented in 2005 to Google search.", "Personalized search __knowledge__ Google has personalized search implemented for all users, not only those with a Google account.", "Personalized search __knowledge__ There is not much information on how exactly Google personalizes their searches; however, it is believed that they use user language, location, and web history.", "Snake __knowledge__ Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.", "Snake __knowledge__ Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales.", "Snake __knowledge__ Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads with their highly mobile jaws.", "Snake __knowledge__ To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes' paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung.", "Snake __knowledge__ Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca.", "Burton's legless lizard __knowledge__ Burton's legless lizard (\"Lialis burtonis\") is a species of lizard in the family Pygopodidae.", "Burton's legless lizard __knowledge__ The species lacks forelegs and has only rudimentary hind legs.", "Burton's legless lizard __knowledge__ Pygopodid lizards are also referred to as \"legless lizards\", \"flap-footed lizards\" and \"snake-lizards\".", "Burton's legless lizard __knowledge__ This species is endemic to Australia and Papua New Guinea.", "Burton's legless lizard __knowledge__ The specific name, \"burtonis\", is in honour of British army surgeon Edward Burton (1790–1867).", "Burton's legless lizard __knowledge__ Burton’s legless lizard (\"Lialis burtonis\") is a member of the genus \"Lialis\" within the family Pygopodidae.", "Burton's legless lizard __knowledge__ There are approximately 40 species in the family Pygopodidae, however, Burton’s legless lizard and another species (\"L. jicari\") are the only species that fall within genus \"Lialis\".", "Reptile __knowledge__ Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.", "Reptile __knowledge__ The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology.", "Reptile __knowledge__ Because some reptiles are more closely related to birds than they are to other reptiles (e.g., crocodiles are more closely related to birds than they are to lizards), the traditional groups of \"reptiles\" listed above do not together constitute a monophyletic grouping (or clade).", "Reptile __knowledge__ For this reason, many modern scientists prefer to consider the birds part of Reptilia as well, thereby making Reptilia a monophyletic class.", "Lepidosauria __knowledge__ The Lepidosauria (from Greek meaning \"scaled lizards\") are reptiles with overlapping scales.", "Lepidosauria __knowledge__ This subclass includes Squamata and Rhynchocephalia.", "Lepidosauria __knowledge__ It is a monophyletic group and therefore contains all descendents of a common ancestor.", "Lepidosauria __knowledge__ Squamata includes snakes, lizards, and amphisbaenia.", "Lepidosauria __knowledge__ Rhynchocephalia was a widespread and diverse group 220-100 million years ago; however, it is now represented only by the genus \"Sphenodon\", which contains two species of tuatara, native to New Zealand.", "Lepidosauria __knowledge__ Lepidosauria is the sister taxon to Archosauria, which includes Aves and Crocodilia.", "Lepidosauria __knowledge__ Lizards and snakes are the most speciose group of Lepidosaurs and, combined, contain over 9,000 species.", "Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago __knowledge__ Trinidad and Tobago are continental islands with a geologically very recent history of direct land bridge connection to South America.", "Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago __knowledge__ As a result, unlike most of the Caribbean Islands, Trinidad and Tobago supports a primarily South American flora and fauna and has greater diversity of plant and animal species than the Antilles.", "Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago __knowledge__ However, rates of endemism are lower than in the rest of the Caribbean because there has been less time for genetic isolation from mainland populations because of the history of land bridge connections and hence fewer opportunities for speciation, and so a greater proportion of the species in Trinidad and Tobago are also found on the South American mainland.", "List of reptiles of Guatemala __knowledge__ This is a list reptiles in Guatemala, including snakes, lizards, crocodilians, and turtles.", "List of reptiles of Guatemala __knowledge__ Guatemala has a large variety of habitats, from tropical rain forests, dry thorn scrubs, cloud forests, coastal marshes, pine forests, mountains and lowlands.", "List of reptiles of Guatemala __knowledge__ This vast contrast in biomes makes Guatemala home to a large variety of herpetofauna.", "List of reptiles of Guatemala __knowledge__ These include approximately 240 species of reptiles, subdivided in 3 orders and 29 families.", "List of reptiles of Guatemala __knowledge__ Order: Testudines.", "List of reptiles of Guatemala __knowledge__ Family: Cheloniidae Sea turtles (Cheloniidae) are a family of large tortoises found in all tropical seas and some subtropical and temperate seas.", "List of reptiles of Guatemala __knowledge__ Sea turtles evolved from land turtles about 120 million years ago and are well adapted to life in the sea." ] ]

[ 5, 0, 42, 47 ]

[ "They sure are, I have a legless one, They are rare it also has a long snake-like body, Have you ever seen a legless lizard? ", "Yep they are a lot like snakes in fact, But they dont have fangs and cant move int he same way a snake can, The lizard I have is called a European glass lizard. You should look them up, they are so cool! ", "Sweet, but yeah legless lizards are just like snakes they are elongated, legless, and are carnivorous reptiles just like a snake. A lot of people mistaken them for snakes and often harm them. Its sad. ", "sweet! Also check out the Burton legless lizard, this species doesnt have any forelegs and but does in fact have hind legs. Its really weird, Its like its stuck int he middle of evolving into a snake! " ]

[ "Lizard", "Lizard", "Lizard", "Lizard" ]

[ "Cooking\nHey! I'm Michelle and I love to cook.", "No way! I wonder how it all began.", "What kind of evidence have they found?", "That's so cool! The history of cooking is fascinating.", "What kind of stews do you make?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "Skins (UK TV series) __knowledge__ Skins is a British teen drama that follows the lives of a group of teenagers in Bristol, South West England, through the two years of sixth form.", "Skins (UK TV series) __knowledge__ Its controversial story-lines have explored issues such as dysfunctional families, mental illness (such as depression, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and bipolar disorder), adolescent sexuality, gender, substance abuse, death and bullying.", "Skins (UK TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode generally focuses on a particular character and the struggles they face in their life.", "Skins (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The episodes are named after the featured character.", "Skins (UK TV series) __knowledge__ The show was created by father-and-son television writers Bryan Elsley and Jamie Brittain for Company Pictures, and premiered on E4 on 25 January 2007.", "Michelle Connor __knowledge__ Michelle Sinéad Connor is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\", portrayed by former Hear'Say singer, Kym Marsh.", "Michelle Connor __knowledge__ The character first appeared on-screen during the episode airing on 3 April 2006.", "Michelle Connor __knowledge__ Marsh took maternity leave in January 2011, and the character returned on 3 November 2011.", "Michelle Connor __knowledge__ Michelle's storylines have included a serious relationship with Steve McDonald (Simon Gregson), discovering that her son had been swapped at birth, the death of her eldest brother Paul (Sean Gallagher) in 2007, and the murder of her other brother Liam (Rob James-Collier) in 2008.", "Effy Stonem __knowledge__ Elizabeth \"Effy\" Stonem is a fictional character in the television series \"Skins\", played by Kaya Scodelario.", "Effy Stonem __knowledge__ She appears in all of the first four series, as well as the seventh series, and appears in the most episodes (27).", "Effy Stonem __knowledge__ Kaya Scodelario was included in \"Entertainment Weekly\"s 2009 \"Summer Must List\", being named \"Bad Girl\" for her portrayal of Effy.", "Effy Stonem __knowledge__ She was included in AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters.", "Effy Stonem __knowledge__ Effy is Tony Stonem's runaway sister and one of a few people he truly cares about.", "Effy Stonem __knowledge__ Effy usually goes to social events with her own group of friends therefore leaving Tony uninvolved in most of her social life, although he helped her on more than one occasion to deceive their parents of her unknown whereabouts.", "Michelle Fowler __knowledge__ Michelle Ann Fowler (also Holloway) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Susan Tully from the first episode in 1985 until the character's departure in 1995.", "Michelle Fowler __knowledge__ In December 2016, it was announced Michelle would be returning to the show after 21 years, with actress Jenna Russell taking over the role making her first appearance on 24 December 2016.", "Michelle Fowler __knowledge__ In her first stint Michelle made some huge mistakes during her time in Albert Square mainly through having a habit of choosing the wrong men and her stubborn nature meant that she rarely accepted help or listened to good advice.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Keegan Baker (Zack Morris), a friend of Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), followed by Emerald Fox (Doña Croll), the mother of Denise Fox (Diane Parish) and Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson).", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ Madison Drake (Seraphina Beh), Alexandra D'Costa (Sydney Craven) and Travis Law-Hughes (Alex James-Phelps), three new teenage characters, were also introduced in January as well as their school teacher Mr Gethin Pryce (Cerith Flinn) and Hugo Browning (Simon Williams), the chairman of Weyland & Co.", "Janee Michelle __knowledge__ Janee Michelle (born Geneva Leona Mercadel; 1946), also known as Gee Tucker, is an American actress, model, dancer, and businessperson, best known for her role in the 1974 horror film \"The House on Skull Mountain\".", "Janee Michelle __knowledge__ Her acting and modeling career has included appearances in a variety of media, including films, television programs and advertisements, theatrical productions, and print advertisements.", "Janee Michelle __knowledge__ Mercadel made her first film appearance in the 1964 short film \"The Legend of Jimmy Blue Eyes\".", "Janee Michelle __knowledge__ She adopted the stage name Janee Michelle because her talent agent and the film studio both believed her birth name would be poorly received.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ Hey Hey It's Saturday was a long-running variety television program on Australian television.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ It initially ran for 27 years on the Nine Network from on 9 October 1971 to 20 November 1999 (there was a recess in 1978).", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ Its host throughout its entire run was Daryl Somers, who later also became executive producer of the program.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ The original producer, Gavin Disney, left the program in the 1980s and Somers then jointly formed his own production company, \"Somers Carroll Productions\", with on-screen partner Ernie Carroll, the performer of Somers' puppet sidekick Ossie Ostrich.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ On 25 July 2009, the Nine Network announced the show would return for two reunion specials in late 2009 and hinted if they rated strongly, the show could return full-time.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ \"Hey Jude\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ The ballad evolved from \"Hey Jules\", a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon's son, Julian, during his parents' divorce.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ \"Hey Jude\" begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney's vocal performance and piano accompaniment; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ After the fourth verse, the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ \"Hey Jude\" was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles' record label Apple Records.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon Anne Mitchell (also Watts and Rickman) is a fictional character from the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Letitia Dean.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon is one of \"EastEnders\" original characters, appearing in the first episode broadcast on 19 February 1985.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ The character was conceptualised by Tony Holland and Julia Smith, the creators of \"EastEnders\".", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon was a teenager when the programme began: the adoptive daughter of Den and Angie Watts.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon remained a prominent character into the 1990s due to romantic pairings with brothers Grant (Ross Kemp) and Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden).", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ In a long-running storyline dubbed \"Sharongate\", Sharon, married to Grant, has an affair with Phil.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ \"Neighbours\" is an Australian television soap opera that was first broadcast on 18 March 1985.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in 2011, by order of first appearance.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ All characters were introduced by the shows executive producer Susan Bower.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ The 27th season of \"Neighbours\" began airing on 11 January 2011.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ That same month saw Jack Finsterer join the cast as Garland Cole.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ Dieter Brummer made his first appearance as Troy Miller in May and Carolyn Johnstone, a new love interest for Harold Bishop, followed shortly after.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ Ivan DeMarco and Superintendent Duncan Hayes began appearing in June." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ This article is about the history of the fictional DC Comics' character Wonder Woman, who was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), then appearing in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), Six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Since her debut, five regular series of \"Wonder Woman\" have been published, the last launched in June 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), during the era known to comics historians as the \"Golden Age of Comic Books\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Following this debut, she was featured in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), and six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the American animated children's television series, \"Wonder Pets!\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ It debuted on March 3, 2006, on the Nick Jr. block of the Nickelodeon cable television network and Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on December 27, 2006.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ 1.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ Save the Dolphin!/Save the Chimp!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Air Date 9/18/06) The Wonder Pets travel to Hawaii to save a baby dolphin caught in a fishing net who is in danger of drowning.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The Wonder Pets rig their Flyboat for space travel and head for the stars to rescue a baby chimp whose spaceship is about to be hit by a meteor!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Fact: Christine Ka'aloa plays the mother dolphin in this first episode.)", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Stevland Hardaway Morris (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins; May 13, 1950), known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ A child prodigy, he is considered to be one of the most critically and commercially successful musical performers of the late 20th century.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Wonder signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, and he continued performing and recording for Motown into the 2010s.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ He has been blind since shortly after birth.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Among Wonder's works are singles such as \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\", \"Superstition\", \"Sir Duke\", \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" and \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\"; and albums such as \"Talking Book\", \"Innervisions\" and \"Songs in the Key of Life\".", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ Wonder Stories was an early American science fiction magazine which was published under several titles from 1929 to 1955.", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ It was founded by Hugo Gernsback in 1929 after he had lost control of his first science fiction magazine, \"Amazing Stories\", when his media company Experimenter Publishing went bankrupt.", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ Within a few months of the bankruptcy, Gernsback launched three new magazines: \"Air Wonder Stories\", \"Science Wonder Stories\" and \"Science Wonder Quarterly\".", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ \"Air Wonder Stories\" and \"Science Wonder Stories\" were merged in 1930 as \"Wonder Stories\", and the quarterly was renamed \"Wonder Stories Quarterly\".", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman, known from seasons 2-3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, is an American television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ The show stars Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince and Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor Sr. & Jr.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ It originally aired for three seasons from 1975 to 1979.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ The show's first season aired on ABC and is set in the 1940s during World War II.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ The second and third seasons aired on CBS and are set in the 1970s, with the title changed to \"The New Adventures of Wonder Woman\", and a complete change of cast other than Carter and Waggoner.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Wonder Man (Simon Williams) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Created by writer Stan Lee and artists Don Heck and Jack Kirby, he first appeared in \"The Avengers\" #9 (October 1964).", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ The character was initially introduced as a rival to Tony Stark and after being imbued with \"ionic\" energy, became a supervillain who fought the Avengers.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ After a series of events, Simon Williams was reborn as a superhero joining the team he originally fought against.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ In 2012, Wonder Man was ranked 38th in IGN's list of \"The Top 50 Avengers\".", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Wonder Man debuted in the superhero-team title \"The Avengers\" #9 (cover-dated Oct. 1964), but appeared to die in that issue.", "Diana Prince __knowledge__ Diana Prince is a fictional character appearing regularly in stories published by DC Comics, as the secret identity of the Amazonian superhero Wonder Woman, who bought the credentials and identity from a United States Army nurse, named Diana Prince, who went to South America and married her fiancé to become Diana White.", "Diana Prince __knowledge__ The character debuted in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942) and was created by Charles Moulton and H. G. Peter.", "Diana Prince __knowledge__ The fictional career of Diana Prince evolved over the years, from the original Army nurse to becoming a military intelligence officer (promoted to higher ranks), then later a civilian employee, businesswoman, astronaut, or staff member at the United Nations, etc.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ Donna Troy is a comic book superheroine published by DC Comics.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ She first appeared in \"The Brave and the Bold\" vol.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ 1 #60 (July 1965), and was created by Bob Haney and Bruno Premiani.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ She has been known as the original Wonder Girl, Darkstar and Troia.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ In May 2011, Donna Troy placed 93rd on IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ After the shake-up in comics that resulted from the publication of \"Seduction of the Innocent,\" DC Comics searched for a way to portray Wonder Woman that would be acceptable to parents.", "Donna Troy __knowledge__ One of the more favored approaches was to publish a series of \"Impossible Tales\" in which Wonder Woman (Diana) appeared for various reasons side-by-side with younger versions of herself as well as her mother, creating a \"Wonder Family.\"", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "Hawker centre __knowledge__ A hawker centre or cooked food centre ( or ) is an open-air complex in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and the Riau Islands housing many stalls that sell a variety of inexpensive food.", "Hawker centre __knowledge__ They are typically found in city centres, near public housing estates or transport hubs (such as bus interchanges or train stations).", "Hawker centre __knowledge__ Hawker centres were set up as a more sanitary option to street-side outdoor alfresco hawker dining places.", "Hawker centre __knowledge__ Instead of mobile food hawker carts, permanent stalls in open air buildings are provided for the hawkers.", "Hawker centre __knowledge__ Either common shared or stall dedicated tables and chairs are provided for customers.", "Raw foodism __knowledge__ Raw foodism (or following a raw food diet) is the dietary practice of eating only, or mostly, uncooked, unprocessed foods.", "Raw foodism __knowledge__ Depending on the philosophy, or type of lifestyle and results desired, raw food diets may include a selection of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, eggs, fish, meat, and dairy products.", "Raw foodism __knowledge__ It may also include simply processed foods such as various types of sprouted seeds, cheese, and fermented foods such as yogurts, kefir, kombucha or sauerkraut, but generally not foods that have been pasteurized, homogenized, or produced with the use of synthetic pesticides, chemical fertilizers, industrial solvents or chemical food additives.", "Control of fire by early humans __knowledge__ The control of fire by early humans was a turning point in the cultural aspect of human evolution.", "Control of fire by early humans __knowledge__ Fire provided a source of warmth, protection, improvement on hunting and a method for cooking food.", "Control of fire by early humans __knowledge__ These cultural advancements allowed for human geographic dispersal, cultural innovations, and changes to diet and behavior.", "Control of fire by early humans __knowledge__ Additionally, creating fire allowed the expansion of human activity to proceed into the dark and colder hours of the morning.", "Control of fire by early humans __knowledge__ Claims for the earliest definitive evidence of control of fire by a member of \"Homo\" range from 1.7 to 0.2 million years ago (Mya).", "Control of fire by early humans __knowledge__ Evidence for the controlled use of fire by \"Homo erectus\", beginning some 600,000 years ago, has wide scholarly support.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.", "Hominidae __knowledge__ The Hominidae (), whose members are known as great apes or hominids, are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: \"Pongo\", the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan; \"Gorilla\", the eastern and western gorilla; \"Pan\", the common chimpanzee and the bonobo; and \"Homo\", which includes modern humans and its extinct relatives (e.g., the Neanderthal), and ancestors, such as \"Homo erectus\".", "Hominidae __knowledge__ Several revisions in classifying the great apes have caused the use of the term \"hominid\" to vary over time.", "Hominidae __knowledge__ Its original meaning referred only to humans (\"Homo\") and their closest non-extant relatives.", "Geology of the Grand Canyon area __knowledge__ The geology of the Grand Canyon area includes one of the most complete and studied sequences of rock on Earth.", "Geology of the Grand Canyon area __knowledge__ The nearly 40 major sedimentary rock layers exposed in the Grand Canyon and in the Grand Canyon National Park area range in age from about 200 million to nearly 2 billion years old.", "Geology of the Grand Canyon area __knowledge__ Most were deposited in warm, shallow seas and near ancient, long-gone sea shores in western North America.", "Geology of the Grand Canyon area __knowledge__ Both marine and terrestrial sediments are represented, including fossilized sand dunes from an extinct desert.", "Geology of the Grand Canyon area __knowledge__ There are at least 14 known unconformities in the geologic record found in the Grand Canyon.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The woolly mammoth (\"Mammuthus primigenius\") is an extinct species of mammoth that lived during the Pleistocene epoch, and was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with \"Mammuthus subplanifrons\" in the early Pliocene.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The woolly mammoth diverged from the steppe mammoth about 400,000 years ago in East Asia.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ Its closest extant relative is the Asian elephant.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The appearance and behaviour of this species are among the best studied of any prehistoric animal because of the discovery of frozen carcasses in Siberia and Alaska, as well as skeletons, teeth, stomach contents, dung, and depiction from life in prehistoric cave paintings.", "Homo erectus __knowledge__ Homo erectus (meaning \"upright man\") is an extinct species of archaic humans that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological epoch.", "Homo erectus __knowledge__ Its earliest fossil evidence dates to 1.9 million years ago.", "Homo erectus __knowledge__ It likely originated in East Africa and spread from there, beginning 1.8 million years ago, migrating throughout Eurasia.", "Homo erectus __knowledge__ There is an ongoing debate regarding the classification, ancestry, and progeny of \"Homo erectus\", especially in relation to \"Homo ergaster\", with two major positions: 1) \"H. erectus\" is the same species as \"H. ergaster\", and thereby \"H. erectus\" is a direct ancestor of the later hominins including \"Homo heidelbergensis\", \"Homo neanderthalensis\", and \"Homo sapiens\"; or, 2) it is in fact an Asian species distinct from African \"H. ergaster\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.", "Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain __knowledge__ The Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain describes the process which changed the language and culture of most of what became England from Romano-British to Germanic.", "Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain __knowledge__ The Germanic-speakers in Britain, themselves of diverse origins, eventually developed a common cultural identity as Anglo-Saxons.", "Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain __knowledge__ This process occurred from the mid-fifth to early seventh centuries, following the end of Roman power in Britain around the year 410.", "Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain __knowledge__ The settlement was followed by the establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the south and east of Britain, later followed by the rest of modern England.", "Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain __knowledge__ The available evidence includes the scanty contemporary and near-contemporary written record, and archaeological and genetic information.", "History of Cumbria __knowledge__ The history of Cumbria as a county of England begins with the Local Government Act 1972.", "History of Cumbria __knowledge__ Its territory and constituent parts however have a long history under various other administrative and historic units of governance.", "History of Cumbria __knowledge__ Cumbria is an upland, coastal and rural area, with a history of invasions, migration and settlement, as well as battles and skirmishes between the English and the Scots.", "History of Cumbria __knowledge__ Cumbria was created as a county in 1974 from territory of the historic counties of Cumberland, Westmorland, Lancashire North of the Sands and a small part of Yorkshire, but the human history of the area is ancient.", "Forensic entomology and the law __knowledge__ Forensic entomology deals with the collection of arthropodic evidence and its application, and through a series of tests and previously set of rules, general admissibility of said evidence is determined.", "Forensic entomology and the law __knowledge__ Forensic entomology may come into play in a variety of legal cases, including crime scene investigation, abuse and neglect cases, accidents, insect infestation, and food contamination.", "Forensic entomology and the law __knowledge__ The admissibility of forensic evidence is left up to the judgement of the court.", "Forensic entomology and the law __knowledge__ To provide a strong basis of admissibility for the evidence, accurate documentation is essential so that there is no room for speculation as to the authenticity of the evidence.", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories __knowledge__ The assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963 has spurred numerous conspiracy theories, which include accusations of involvement of the CIA, the Mafia, sitting Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Cuban Prime Minister Fidel Castro, the KGB, or even some combination thereof.", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Some conspiracy theories further claim that the United States federal government covered up crucial information in the aftermath of the assassination.", "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories __knowledge__ Former Los Angeles District Attorney Vincent Bugliosi estimated that a total of 42 groups, 82 assassins, and 214 people had been accused at one time or another in various conspiracy scenarios.", "Confirmation bias __knowledge__ Confirmation bias, also called confirmatory bias or myside bias, is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.", "Confirmation bias __knowledge__ It is a type of cognitive bias and a systematic error of inductive reasoning.", "Confirmation bias __knowledge__ People display this bias when they gather or remember information selectively, or when they interpret it in a biased way.", "Confirmation bias __knowledge__ The effect is stronger for emotionally charged issues and for deeply entrenched beliefs.", "Confirmation bias __knowledge__ Confirmation bias is a variation of the more general tendency of apophenia.", "Confirmation bias __knowledge__ People also tend to interpret ambiguous evidence as supporting their existing position.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ The first language in the human species has been the topic of scholarly discussions for several centuries.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ There is no consensus on the origin or age of human language.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ The topic is difficult to study because of the lack of direct evidence.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ Consequently, scholars wishing to study the origins of language must draw inferences from other kinds of evidence such as the fossil record, archaeological evidence, contemporary language diversity, studies of language acquisition, and comparisons between human language and systems of communication existing among animals (particularly other primates).", "Origin of language __knowledge__ Many argue that the origins of language probably relate closely to the origins of modern human behavior, but there is little agreement about the implications and directionality of this connection.", "O. J. Simpson murder case __knowledge__ The O. J. Simpson murder case (officially titled People of the State of California v. Orenthal James Simpson) was a criminal trial held at the Los Angeles County Superior Court in which former National Football League (NFL) player, broadcaster, and actor Orenthal James \"O.", "O. J. Simpson murder case __knowledge__ J.\"", "O. J. Simpson murder case __knowledge__ Simpson was tried on two counts of murder for the June 12, 1994, deaths of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and Mezzaluna restaurant waiter Ronald Goldman.", "O. J. Simpson murder case __knowledge__ The trial spanned eleven months, from the jury's swearing-in on November 9, 1994.", "O. J. Simpson murder case __knowledge__ Opening statements were made on January 24, 1995, and the verdict was announced on October 3, 1995, when Simpson was declared not guilty of murder on both counts.", "Metropolitan Police role in the news media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ This article provides a narrative beginning in 1999 of investigations by the Metropolitan Police Service (Met) of Greater London into the illegal acquisition of confidential information by agents of the news media that is commonly referred to as the phone hacking scandal.", "Metropolitan Police role in the news media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ The article discusses seven phases of investigations by the Met and several investigations of the Met itself, including critiques and responses regarding the Met's performance.", "Metropolitan Police role in the news media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ Separate articles provide an overview of the scandal and a comprehensive set of reference lists with detailed background information.", "Metropolitan Police role in the news media phone hacking scandal __knowledge__ By 2002, the practice by news media organizations of using private investigators to acquire confidential information was widespread.", "Civil procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ Civil procedure in South Africa is the formal rules and standards that courts follow in that country when adjudicating civil suits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters).", "Civil procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ The legal realm is divided broadly into substantive and procedural law.", "Civil procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ Substantive law is that law which defines the contents of rights and obligations between legal subjects; procedural law regulates how those rights and obligations are enforced.", "Civil procedure in South Africa __knowledge__ These rules govern how a lawsuit or case may be commenced, and what kind of service of process is required, along with the types of pleadings or statements of case, motions or applications, and orders allowed in civil cases, the timing and manner of depositions and discovery or disclosure, the conduct of trials, the process for judgment, various available remedies, and how the courts and clerks are to function.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ The Paleolithic (or \"Palaeolithic\") age is a prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools and covers roughly 95% of human technological prehistory.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools, probably by \"Homo habilis\" initially, 2.6 million years ago, to the end of the Pleistocene around 10,000 BP.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ The Paleolithic era is followed by the Mesolithic.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ The date of the Paleolithic–Mesolithic boundary may vary by locality as much as several thousand years.", "Paleolithic __knowledge__ During the Paleolithic period, humans grouped together in small societies such as bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and fishing, hunting or scavenging wild animals.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.", "History of the Pacific Islands __knowledge__ History of the Pacific Islands covers the history of the islands in the Pacific Ocean.", "History of the Pacific Islands __knowledge__ Easter Island is one of the youngest inhabited territories on Earth, and for most of the History of Easter Island it was the most isolated inhabited territory on Earth.", "History of the Pacific Islands __knowledge__ Its inhabitants, the Rapanui, have endured famines and big push factors, epidemics, civil war, slave raids and colonialism; have seen their population crash on more than one occasion, and created a cultural legacy that has brought their fame out of all proportion to their numbers.", "History of the Pacific Islands __knowledge__ In Cook Islands Māori pre-history, Chieftains from present day French Polynesia and their tribes, along with navigators, took their ships in search of unknown or newly found lands, first arriving in the southern island groups around 800 AD or earlier.", "Transport in Milford Sound __knowledge__ Transport in (and to) Milford Sound in New Zealand is characterised by the remoteness of the area in which it is located.", "Transport in Milford Sound __knowledge__ As a popular tourism destination in the South Island it receives very large numbers of visitors.", "Transport in Milford Sound __knowledge__ These tend to arrive and depart within just a few hours each day, as there is little accommodation at the Sound, leading to strong demand peaks for tourism services during the noon and early afternoon period.", "Transport in Milford Sound __knowledge__ The journey from Te Anau is rated as one of the most photographic drives of the world.", "Transport in Milford Sound __knowledge__ To reduce this peaking and to allow further expansion without impacting the environment or reducing tourist amenity, various schemes have been proposed over the years for better links to the Sound, including a new tunnel, a monorail and a gondola lift.", "Anau __knowledge__ Anau (also spelled Annau, ) is a city in Turkmenistan.", "Anau __knowledge__ It is the capital of Ahal Province and is 8 km southeast of Ashgabat which is connected via the M37 highway.", "Anau __knowledge__ The name Anau is from Persian \"Âbe nav\" (آب نو) meaning \"New Water\".", "Anau __knowledge__ In 2003, the city built a new stadium, and in 2005 a major museum called 'Ak Bugday (White Wheat) Museum', housing finds from the area.", "Anau __knowledge__ The Chalcolithic Anau culture dates back to 4500 BC, following the Neolithic Jeitun culture in the cultural sequence of southern Turkmenistan.", "Anau __knowledge__ Anau was a stopping point along the famous ancient Silk Road.", "Anau __knowledge__ Fine painted potteries are found here.", "Archaeology and the Book of Mormon __knowledge__ Since the publication of the Book of Mormon in 1830, Mormon archaeologists have attempted to find archaeological evidence to support it.", "Archaeology and the Book of Mormon __knowledge__ Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and other denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement generally believe that the Book of Mormon describes ancient historical events in the Americas, but historians and archaeologists do not regard it as a work of ancient American history.", "Archaeology and the Book of Mormon __knowledge__ The Book of Mormon describes God's dealings with three civilizations in the Americas over the course of several hundred years.", "Archaeology and the Book of Mormon __knowledge__ The book primarily deals with the Nephites and the Lamanites, who it states existed in the Americas from about 600 BC to about AD 400.", "Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex __knowledge__ The Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (or BMAC, also known as the Oxus civilisation) is the modern archaeological designation for a Bronze Age civilisation of Central Asia, dated to c. 2300–1700 BC, located in present-day northern Afghanistan, eastern Turkmenistan, southern Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan, centred on the upper Amu Darya (Oxus River).", "Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex __knowledge__ Its sites were discovered and named by the Soviet archaeologist Viktor Sarianidi (1976).", "Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex __knowledge__ \"Bactria\" was the Greek name for the area of Bactra (modern Balkh), in what is now northern Afghanistan, and \"Margiana\" was the Greek name for the Persian satrapy of Margiana, the capital of which was Merv, in modern-day southeastern Turkmenistan.", "New Zealand State Highway 94 __knowledge__ State Highway 94 is a New Zealand state highway connecting the large Southland town of Gore with one of New Zealand's most popular destinations Milford Sound.", "New Zealand State Highway 94 __knowledge__ It also passes the significant townships of Lumsden and Te Anau as well going through the Homer Tunnel (in this area it is also called the 'Milford Road', with the section from Te Anau up to the Sound being ).", "New Zealand State Highway 94 __knowledge__ The road also goes through Fiordland and crosses the Main Divide of the Southern Alps.", "New Zealand State Highway 94 __knowledge__ It is regarded as one of the most scenic roads in New Zealand, and with a peak elevation of , the country's third highest highway after the Desert Road (SH 1) and the Lindis Pass (SH 8).", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Volcanology of Canada includes lava flows, lava plateaus, lava domes, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, submarine volcanoes, calderas, diatremes, and maars, along with examples of more less common volcanic forms such as tuyas and subglacial mounds.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ It has a very complex volcanological history spanning from the Precambrian eon at least 3.11 billion years ago when this part of the North American continent began to form.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Although the country's volcanic activity dates back to the Precambrian eon, volcanism continues to occur in Western and Northern Canada where it forms part of an encircling chain of volcanoes and frequent earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean called the Pacific Ring of Fire." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Pressure cooking is the process of cooking food, using water or other cooking liquid, in a sealed vessel known as a \"pressure cooker\".", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Pressure is created by boiling a liquid, such as water or broth, inside the closed pressure cooker.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ The trapped steam increases the internal pressure and allows the temperature to rise.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ After use, the pressure is slowly released so that the vessel can be opened safely.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Pressure cooking can be used for quick simulation of the effects of long braising.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Almost any food which can be cooked in steam or water-based liquids can be cooked in a pressure cooker.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ In 1679, French physicist Denis Papin, better known for his studies on steam, invented the \"steam digester\" in an attempt to reduce the cooking time of food.", "Induction cooking __knowledge__ Induction cooking heats a cooking vessel by magnetic induction, instead of by thermal conduction from a flame, or an electrical heating element.", "Induction cooking __knowledge__ Because inductive heating directly heats the vessel, very rapid increases in temperature can be achieved.", "Induction cooking __knowledge__ In an induction cooktop (\"induction hob\" or \"induction stove\"), a coil of copper wire is placed under the cooking pot and an alternating electric current is passed through it.", "Induction cooking __knowledge__ The resulting oscillating magnetic field induces a magnetic flux which repeatedly magnetises the pot, treating it like the lossy magnetic core of a transformer.", "Induction cooking __knowledge__ This produces large eddy currents in the pot, which because of the resistance of the pot, heats it.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ A rice cooker or rice steamer is an automated kitchen appliance designed to boil or steam rice.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It consists of a heat source, a cooking bowl, and a thermostat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The thermostat measures the temperature of the cooking bowl and controls the heat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Complex rice cookers may have many more sensors and other components, and may be multipurpose.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The term rice cooker formerly applied to non-automated dedicated rice-cooking utensils, which have an ancient history (a ceramic rice steamer dated to 1250 BC is on display in the British Museum).", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It now applies mostly to automated cookers.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Electric rice cookers were developed in Japan, where they are known as pressure cookers .", "Cook stove __knowledge__ A biomass cook stove is heated by burning wood, charcoal, animal dung or crop residue.", "Cook stove __knowledge__ Cook stoves are commonly used for cooking and heating food in rural households.", "Cook stove __knowledge__ Nearly half of the world's population, approximately 3 billion people, use solid fuels such as coal, wood, animal dung, and crop residues for their domestic energy needs.", "Cook stove __knowledge__ Among those who use indoor cooking stoves, the poorest families living in rural areas most frequently use solid fuels, where it continues to be relied on by up to 90% of households.", "Cook stove __knowledge__ Often used in open fires or poorly ventilated stoves, solid fuel burning is a significant source of indoor air pollution.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, CBE (born Elizabeth Gwynne, 26 December 1913 – 22 May 1992) was a British cookery writer.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the mid-20th century she strongly influenced the revitalisation of home cookery in her native country and beyond with articles and books about European cuisines and traditional British dishes.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Born to an upper-class family, David rebelled against social norms of the day.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the 1930s she studied art in Paris, became an actress, and ran off with a married man with whom she sailed in a small boat to Italy, where their boat was confiscated.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ They reached Greece, where they were nearly trapped by the German invasion in 1941, but escaped to Egypt, where they parted.", "Wok __knowledge__ A wok (from Cantonese ) is a versatile round-bottomed cooking vessel, originating from China.", "Wok __knowledge__ The use of the wok is very prevalent in South China (particularly Guangdong Province).", "Wok __knowledge__ It is one of the most common cooking utensils in China and also found in parts of East, South and Southeast Asia, as well as becoming a popular niche cookware in all the world.", "Wok __knowledge__ Woks are used in a range of different Chinese cooking techniques, including stir frying, steaming, pan frying, deep frying, poaching, boiling, braising, searing, stewing, making soup, smoking and roasting nuts.", "Wok __knowledge__ Wok cooking is done with long-handled utensils called \"chahn\" (spatula) or \"hoak\" (ladle).", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ \"\" is a manga series written by Yūto Tsukuda and illustrated by Shun Saeki, serialized in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\".", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ 27 tankōbon volumes have been released.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ An anime adaptation has aired 49 episodes over 3 seasons.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ The story follows protagonist and title character Sōma Yukihira as he transfers to the elite Tōtsuki Culinary Academy, an extremely competitive atmosphere, where only the top 1% of students graduate in.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Under the motto \"Cooking is Everything\", students are judged on their cooking for admission to the academy and in many classes, tournaments and events.", "List of Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma characters __knowledge__ Competition may lead to a Shokugeki, a cooking match held in an indoor stadium, where students stake their pride and futures as chefs.", "Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor __knowledge__ Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor (April 4, 1937 – September 3, 2016) was an American culinary anthropologist, griot, food writer, and broadcaster on public media.", "Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor __knowledge__ Born into a Gullah family in the Low Country of South Carolina, she moved with them as a child to Philadelphia during the Great Migration.", "Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor __knowledge__ Later she lived in Paris before settling in New York City.", "Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor __knowledge__ She was active in the Black Arts Movement and performed on Broadwaytwo .", "Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor __knowledge__ Her travels informed her cooking and appreciation of food as culture.", "Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor __knowledge__ She was known for her cookbook-memoir, \"Vibration Cooking: or, The Travel Notes of a Geechee Girl\" (1970), and published numerous essays and articles.", "Sous-vide __knowledge__ Sous-vide (; French for \"under vacuum\") is a method of cooking in which food is vacuum-sealed in a plastic pouch or a glass jar and then placed in a water bath or steam environment for longer than normal cooking times (usually 1 to 7 hours, up to 48 or more in some cases) at an accurately regulated temperature.", "Sous-vide __knowledge__ The temperature is much lower than normally used for cooking, typically around for meat, higher for vegetables.", "Sous-vide __knowledge__ The intent is to cook the item evenly, ensuring that the inside is properly cooked without overcooking the outside, and to retain moisture.", "Sous-vide __knowledge__ Three characteristics of sous-vide cooking, each of which developed separately, are low-temperature cooking, containerized cooking that separates the food from its heating environment, and pressurized enclosure using full or partial vacuum.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Boiling water reactor __knowledge__ The boiling water reactor (BWR) is a type of light water nuclear reactor used for the generation of electrical power.", "Boiling water reactor __knowledge__ It is the second most common type of electricity-generating nuclear reactor after the pressurized water reactor (PWR), also a type of light water nuclear reactor.", "Boiling water reactor __knowledge__ The main difference between a BWR and PWR is that in a BWR, the reactor core heats water, which turns to steam and then drives a steam turbine.", "Boiling water reactor __knowledge__ In a PWR, the reactor core heats water, which does not boil.", "Boiling water reactor __knowledge__ This hot water then exchanges heat with a lower pressure water system, which turns to steam and drives the turbine.", "Zip Industries __knowledge__ Zip Industries is a privately owned Australian business founded by Michael Crouch AC.", "Zip Industries __knowledge__ It makes and markets Australian-designed and Australian-made instant boiling water systems.", "Zip Industries __knowledge__ These are sold in more than seventy countries, where they are specified for use in kitchens, in hospitals, universities, schools and public buildings of every kind, as well as in homes.", "Zip Industries __knowledge__ Since 1970, Zip has pioneered under-bench instant boiling water systems and since 1996, has marketed under-sink systems that not only dispense boiling filtered water but also instant chilled filtered water, instant chilled sparkling water, and additionally (in some models) both hot and cold water – all from a single electronically controlled tap (faucet).", "Boiling __knowledge__ Boiling is the rapid vaporization of a liquid, which occurs when a liquid is heated to its boiling point, the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by the surrounding atmosphere.", "Boiling __knowledge__ The higher the pressure the higher the boiling point.", "Boiling __knowledge__ There are two main types of boiling; nucleate boiling where small bubbles of vapour form at discrete points, and critical heat flux boiling where the boiling surface is heated above a certain critical temperature and a film of vapor forms on the surface.", "Boiling __knowledge__ Transition boiling is an intermediate, unstable form of boiling with elements of both types.", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea is an aromatic beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured leaves of the \"Camellia sinensis\", an evergreen shrub (bush) native to Asia.", "Tea __knowledge__ After water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world.", "Tea __knowledge__ There are many different types of tea; some, like Darjeeling and Chinese greens, have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral or grassy notes.", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea originated in Southwest China, where it was used as a medicinal drink.", "Tea __knowledge__ It was popularized as a recreational drink during the Chinese Tang dynasty, and tea drinking spread to other East Asian countries.", "Cahuachi __knowledge__ Cahuachi, in Peru, was a major ceremonial center of the Nazca culture, based from 1 AD to about 500 AD in the coastal area of the Central Andes.", "Cahuachi __knowledge__ It overlooked some of the Nazca lines.", "Cahuachi __knowledge__ The Italian archaeologist Giuseppe Orefici has been excavating at the site for the past few decades.", "Cahuachi __knowledge__ The site contains over 40 mounds topped with adobe structures.", "Cahuachi __knowledge__ The huge architectural complex covers 0.6 sq.", "Cahuachi __knowledge__ miles (1.5 km).The American archeologist Helaine Silverman has also conducted long term, multi-stage research and written about the full context of Nazca society at Cahuachi, published in a lengthy study in 1993.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ The rate of stylistic development between about 750 and 300 BC was remarkable by ancient standards, and in surviving works is best seen in sculpture.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ There were important innovations in painting, which have to be essentially reconstructed due to the lack of original survivals of quality, other than the distinct field of painted pottery.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ Greek architecture, technically very simple, established a harmonious style with numerous detailed conventions that were largely adopted by Roman architecture and are still followed in some modern buildings.", "Pressurized water reactor __knowledge__ Pressurized water reactors (PWRs) constitute the large majority of the world's nuclear power plants (notable exceptions being the United Kingdom, Japan, the United States and Canada) and are one of three types of light water reactor (LWR), the other types being boiling water reactors (BWRs) and supercritical water reactors (SCWRs).", "Pressurized water reactor __knowledge__ In a PWR, the primary coolant (water) is pumped under high pressure to the reactor core where it is heated by the energy released by the fission of atoms.", "Pressurized water reactor __knowledge__ The heated water then flows to a steam generator where it transfers its thermal energy to a secondary system where steam is generated and flows to turbines which, in turn, spin an electric generator.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Instant noodles are sold in a precooked and dried noodle block, with flavoring powder and/or seasoning oil.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The flavoring is usually in a separate packet, although in the case of cup noodles the flavoring is often loose in the cup.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Some instant noodle products are seal packed; these can be reheated or eaten straight from the packet/container.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Dried noodle blocks are cooked or soaked in boiling water before eating.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The main ingredients used in dried noodles are usually wheat flour, palm oil, and salt.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Common ingredients in the flavoring powder are salt, monosodium glutamate, seasoning, and sugar.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ The Prehistory of West Virginia spans ancient times until the arrival of Europeans in the early 17th century.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ Hunters ventured into West Virginia's mountain valleys and made temporary camp villages since the Archaic period in the Americas.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ Many ancient human-made earthen mounds from various mound builder cultures survive, especially in the areas of Moundsville, South Charleston, and Romney.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ The artifacts uncovered in these areas give evidence of a village society with a tribal trade system culture that included limited cold worked copper.", "Prehistory of West Virginia __knowledge__ As of 2009, over 12,500 archaeological sites have been documented in West Virginia.", "Light-water reactor __knowledge__ The light-water reactor (LWR) is a type of thermal-neutron reactor that uses normal water, as opposed to heavy water, as both its coolant and neutron moderator – furthermore a solid form of fissile elements is used as fuel.", "Light-water reactor __knowledge__ Thermal-neutron reactors are the most common type of nuclear reactor, and light-water reactors are the most common type of thermal-neutron reactor.", "Light-water reactor __knowledge__ There are three varieties of light-water reactors: the pressurized water reactor (PWR), the boiling water reactor (BWR), and (most designs of) the supercritical water reactor (SCWR).", "Light-water reactor __knowledge__ After the discoveries of fission, moderation and of the theoretical possibility of a nuclear chain reaction, early experimental results rapidly showed that natural uranium could only undergo a sustained chain reaction using graphite or heavy water as a moderator." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption with or without the use of heat.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, such as in ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.", "Cooking __knowledge__ Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans.", "Cooking __knowledge__ It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.", "Cooking __knowledge__ The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients.", "Cooking __knowledge__ New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling water, expanded cooking techniques.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (반찬; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage.", "Stew __knowledge__ A stew is a combination of solid food ingredients that have been cooked in liquid and served in the resultant gravy.", "Stew __knowledge__ Ingredients in a stew can include any combination of vegetables (such as carrots, potatoes, onions, beans, peppers, mushrooms, and tomatoes) or meat, especially tougher meats suitable for slow-cooking, such as beef.", "Stew __knowledge__ Poultry, sausages, and seafood are also used.", "Stew __knowledge__ While water can be used as the stew-cooking liquid, wine, stock, and beer are also common.", "Stew __knowledge__ Seasoning and flavourings may also be added.", "Stew __knowledge__ Stews are typically cooked at a relatively low temperature (simmered, not boiled), allowing flavors to mingle.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Ancient Israelite cuisine refers to the food eaten by the ancient Israelites during a period of over a thousand years, from the beginning of the Israelite presence in the Land of Israel at the beginning of the Iron Age until the Roman period.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ The dietary staples were bread, wine and olive oil, but also included legumes, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, fish and meat.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Religious beliefs, which prohibited the consumption of certain foods, shaped the Israelite diet.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ There was considerable continuity in the main components of the diet over time, despite the introduction of new foodstuffs at various stages.", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ Dutch cuisine () is formed from the cooking traditions and practices of the Netherlands.", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ The country's cuisine is shaped by its location in the fertile North Sea river delta of the European Plain, giving rise to fishing, farming (for crops and domesticated animals), and trading over sea (colonialism and the spice trade).", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ Traditionally, Dutch cuisine is simple and straightforward, with many vegetables and little meat: breakfast and lunch are typically bread with toppings like cheese, while dinner is , supplemented with seasonal vegetables.", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ The diet contains many dairy products and was relatively high in carbohydrates and fat, reflecting the dietary needs of the laborers whose culture molded the country.", "2 Live Stews __knowledge__ The 2 Live Stews was an American syndicated sports talk radio show originating from WQXI, AM 790 the Zone, in Atlanta, Georgia hosted by brothers Doug and Ryan Stewart.", "2 Live Stews __knowledge__ Both brothers were born and raised in Moncks Corner, South Carolina.", "2 Live Stews __knowledge__ Doug Stewart is a former running back at Newberry College who then transferred to South Carolina State University where he graduated.", "2 Live Stews __knowledge__ He was also a former sports agent, mortgage lender, and Foot Action USA store manager.", "2 Live Stews __knowledge__ Ryan Stewart (RJR) is a former Georgia Tech All-American and Detroit Lions football player.", "2 Live Stews __knowledge__ The brothers are members of Omega Psi Phi fraternity.", "Goulash __knowledge__ Goulash ( ) is a soup of meat and vegetables, seasoned with paprika and other spices.", "Goulash __knowledge__ Originating from the medieval Hungary, goulash is a popular meal predominantly eaten in Central Europe but also in other parts of Europe.", "Goulash __knowledge__ Its origin traces back to the 9th century to stews eaten by Hungarian shepherds.", "Goulash __knowledge__ Back then, the cooked and flavored meat was dried with the help of the sun and packed into bags produced from sheep's stomachs, needing only water to make it into a meal.", "Goulash __knowledge__ Earlier versions of goulash did not include paprika, as it was not introduced to the Old World until the 16th century.", "Goulash __knowledge__ It is one of the national dishes of Hungary and a symbol of the country.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Ghanaian cuisine __knowledge__ Ghanaian cuisine is the cuisine of the Ghanaian people.", "Ghanaian cuisine __knowledge__ Ghanaian main dishes are organized around a starchy staple food, with which goes a sauce or soup containing a protein source.", "Ghanaian cuisine __knowledge__ The main ingredient for the vast majority of soups and stews is tomatoes.", "Ghanaian cuisine __knowledge__ Tinned or fresh tomatoes can be used.", "Ghanaian cuisine __knowledge__ Nearly all Ghanaian soups and stews are red or orange in appearance as a result.", "Ghanaian cuisine __knowledge__ The typical staple foods in the southern part of Ghana include cassava and plantain.", "Ghanaian cuisine __knowledge__ In the northern part, the main staple foods include millet and sorghum.", "Ghanaian cuisine __knowledge__ Yam, maize and beans are used across Ghana as staple foods.", "Ghanaian cuisine __knowledge__ Sweet potatoes and cocoyam are also important in the Ghanaian diet and cuisine.", "Arab cuisine __knowledge__ Arab cuisine () is the cuisine of the Arabs, defined as the various regional cuisines spanning the Arab world, from the Maghreb to the Fertile Crescent and the Arabian Peninsula.", "Arab cuisine __knowledge__ The cuisines are often centuries old and reflect the culture of great trading in spices, herbs, and foods.", "Arab cuisine __knowledge__ The three main regions, also known as the Maghreb, the Fertile Crescent, and the Arabian Peninsula have many similarities, but also many unique traditions.", "Arab cuisine __knowledge__ These kitchens have been influenced by the climate, cultivating possibilities, as well as trading possibilities.", "Arab cuisine __knowledge__ The kitchens of the Maghreb and Levant are relatively young kitchens that were developed over the past centuries.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Pressure cooking is the process of cooking food, using water or other cooking liquid, in a sealed vessel known as a \"pressure cooker\".", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Pressure is created by boiling a liquid, such as water or broth, inside the closed pressure cooker.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ The trapped steam increases the internal pressure and allows the temperature to rise.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ After use, the pressure is slowly released so that the vessel can be opened safely.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Pressure cooking can be used for quick simulation of the effects of long braising.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ Almost any food which can be cooked in steam or water-based liquids can be cooked in a pressure cooker.", "Pressure cooking __knowledge__ In 1679, French physicist Denis Papin, better known for his studies on steam, invented the \"steam digester\" in an attempt to reduce the cooking time of food.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ A rice cooker or rice steamer is an automated kitchen appliance designed to boil or steam rice.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It consists of a heat source, a cooking bowl, and a thermostat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The thermostat measures the temperature of the cooking bowl and controls the heat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Complex rice cookers may have many more sensors and other components, and may be multipurpose.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The term rice cooker formerly applied to non-automated dedicated rice-cooking utensils, which have an ancient history (a ceramic rice steamer dated to 1250 BC is on display in the British Museum).", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It now applies mostly to automated cookers.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Electric rice cookers were developed in Japan, where they are known as pressure cookers .", "Pressure cooker bomb __knowledge__ A pressure cooker bomb is an improvised explosive device (IED) created by inserting explosive material into a pressure cooker and attaching a blasting cap into the cover of the cooker.", "Pressure cooker bomb __knowledge__ Pressure cooker bombs have been used in a number of attacks in the 21st century.", "Pressure cooker bomb __knowledge__ Among them have been the 2006 Mumbai train bombings, 2010 Stockholm bombings (failed to explode), the 2010 Times Square car bombing attempt (failed to explode), the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing, and the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing.", "Pressure cooker bomb __knowledge__ Pressure cooker bombs are relatively easy to construct.", "Pressure cooker bomb __knowledge__ With the exception of the explosive charge itself, most of the materials required can be easily obtained.", "Slow cooker __knowledge__ A slow cooker, also known as a crock-pot (after a trademark owned by Sunbeam Products but sometimes used generically in Australia, South Africa, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States), is a countertop electrical cooking appliance used to simmer at a lower temperature than other cooking methods, such as baking, boiling, and frying.", "Slow cooker __knowledge__ This facilitates unattended cooking for many hours of dishes that would otherwise be boiled: pot roast, soups, stews and other dishes (including beverages, desserts and dips).", "Slow cooker __knowledge__ A wide variety of dishes can be prepared in slow cookers, including ones typically made quickly, such as cocoa and bread.", "2016 New York and New Jersey bombings __knowledge__ On September 17–19, 2016, three bombs exploded and several unexploded ones were found in the New York metropolitan area.", "2016 New York and New Jersey bombings __knowledge__ The bombings left 31 people wounded, but no fatalities or life-threatening injuries were reported.", "2016 New York and New Jersey bombings __knowledge__ On the morning of September 17, a pipe bomb exploded in Seaside Park, New Jersey.", "2016 New York and New Jersey bombings __knowledge__ Later that day, a homemade pressure cooker bomb went off in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.", "2016 New York and New Jersey bombings __knowledge__ A second pressure cooker bomb was discovered four blocks away.", "2016 New York and New Jersey bombings __knowledge__ Late on September 18, multiple bombs were discovered at the train station in Elizabeth, New Jersey.", "2016 New York and New Jersey bombings __knowledge__ One of these bombs detonated early next day.", "High-altitude cooking __knowledge__ High-altitude cooking is the opposite of pressure cooking in that the boiling point of water is lower at higher altitudes due to the decreased atmospheric pressure.", "High-altitude cooking __knowledge__ This may require an increase in cooking times or temperature and alterations of recipe ingredients.", "High-altitude cooking __knowledge__ For home cooking, this effect becomes relevant at altitudes above approximately 2,000 feet (610 m).", "High-altitude cooking __knowledge__ At that altitude, water boils at approximately 208°F (98°C) and adjustments sometimes need to be made to compensate for the reduced air pressure/water boiling point.", "High-altitude cooking __knowledge__ At sea level water boils at 100°C.", "High-altitude cooking __knowledge__ For each 500 ft (~150 m) increase in elevation, the boiling point is lowered by 0.5°C.", "Pressure Cooker (game show) __knowledge__ Pressure Cooker is a game show about cooking and food in general.", "Pressure Cooker (game show) __knowledge__ It was hosted by Chris Durham.", "Pressure Cooker (game show) __knowledge__ It aired on the Food Network in 1998.", "Pressure Cooker (game show) __knowledge__ Three contestants compete, each standing behind a blue, yellow, or pink mini-refrigerator, hoping to earn enough meal tickets to advance to Round 2, the Taste-Off Round, where the winner goes on to try to the grand prize.", "Pressure Cooker (game show) __knowledge__ In round one, three contestants face a game board called the \"Meal Mixer\".", "Pressure Cooker (game show) __knowledge__ The Meal Mixer always contains four meals: \"Breakfast\", \"Lunch\", \"Dinner\" & \"Snack\".", "Pressure Cooker (game show) __knowledge__ These act as categories.", "Pressure Cooker (game show) __knowledge__ One additional spot, called \"Pot Luck,\" is also on the Meal Mixer.", "Fried chicken __knowledge__ Fried chicken (also referred to as Southern fried chicken for the variant in the United States) is a dish consisting of chicken pieces usually from broiler chickens which have been floured or battered and then pan-fried, deep fried, or pressure fried.", "Fried chicken __knowledge__ The breading adds a crisp coating or crust to the exterior of the chicken.", "Fried chicken __knowledge__ What separates fried chicken from other fried forms of chicken is that generally the chicken is cut at the joints, and the bones and skin are left intact.", "Fried chicken __knowledge__ Crisp well-seasoned skin, rendered of excess fat, is a hallmark of well made fried chicken.", "Fried chicken __knowledge__ The first dish known to have been deep fried was fritters, which were popular in the Middle Ages.", "Boiling __knowledge__ Boiling is the rapid vaporization of a liquid, which occurs when a liquid is heated to its boiling point, the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by the surrounding atmosphere.", "Boiling __knowledge__ The higher the pressure the higher the boiling point.", "Boiling __knowledge__ There are two main types of boiling; nucleate boiling where small bubbles of vapour form at discrete points, and critical heat flux boiling where the boiling surface is heated above a certain critical temperature and a film of vapor forms on the surface.", "Boiling __knowledge__ Transition boiling is an intermediate, unstable form of boiling with elements of both types.", "2006 Mumbai train bombings __knowledge__ The 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings were a series of seven bomb blasts that took place over a period of 11 minutes on the Suburban Railway in Mumbai, the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the nation's financial capital.", "2006 Mumbai train bombings __knowledge__ The bombs were set off in pressure cookers on trains plying the Western line of the Suburban Railway network.", "2006 Mumbai train bombings __knowledge__ 209 people were killed and over 700 were injured.", "2006 Mumbai train bombings __knowledge__ Pressure cooker bombs were placed on trains on the western line of the suburban (\"local\") train network, which forms the backbone of the city's transport network.", "2006 Mumbai train bombings __knowledge__ Pressure cookers were used in this bombing and other recent explosions to increase the afterburn in a thermobaric reaction, more powerful than conventional high explosives." ] ]

[ 0, 7, 9, 10, 70 ]

[ "I do too. I didn't know that humans have cooked food for 2 million years.", "They say that archaeological evidence stretches back 1 million years.", "Apparently they've found evidence like pottery that was used for holding and boiling water.", "Speaking of boiling, I like to make stews in a pressure cooker.", "I like to make potato stew, softened with trapped steam." ]

[ "Cooking", "Cooking", "Cooking", "Cooking", "Cooking" ]

[ "Ozark Trail (hiking trail)\nThe Ozark Trail is a woderful place to go. ", "I belive it's ntended to reach from St. Louis to Arkansas. ", "Right! I would love to go there when I retire. It would require many rest points as it's quite long. ", "Never thought of that and that's a great idea! Have you been? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The Ozark Trail is a hiking, backpacking, and, in many places, biking and equestrian trail under construction in the Missouri Ozarks in the United States.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ It is intended to reach from St. Louis to Arkansas.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Over of the trail have been completed as of 2008, and the estimated length when finished will be at least .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ When joined to the Ozark Highlands Trail in Arkansas, the full hiking distance from end to end will be at least , not including a large loop through the St. Francois Mountains in Missouri.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The trail is currently composed of thirteen sections, most of which are joined to other sections, though some gaps exist.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The sections vary in length from .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The longest continuous stretch available for hiking in is , from Onondaga Cave State Park to the Eleven Point River.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The exact routes for incomplete sections have not been established, so the total length of the trail when completed remains undetermined.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Some sections have restrictions on their use in order to be compatible with the goals and purposes of the various public and private landholders whose property the trail crosses.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Horseback riding, mountain biking, or trail side camping may be restricted in certain environmentally sensitive areas.", "Ozark Trail (auto trail) __knowledge__ The Ozark Trail was a network of locally maintained roads and highways organized by the Ozark Trails Association that predated the United States federal highway system.", "Ozark Trail (auto trail) __knowledge__ The roads ran from St. Louis, Missouri, to El Paso, Texas, and Santa Fe, New Mexico, over a series of routes.", "Ozark Trail (auto trail) __knowledge__ These roads were maintained by both private citizens and local communities.", "Ozark Trail (auto trail) __knowledge__ In one case, however, the US government was directly involved; it built the Ozark Trail Bridge in 1925 over the South Canadian River between Newcastle, Oklahoma, and Oklahoma City, as the first federal highway project built in Oklahoma.", "Ozark Trail (auto trail) __knowledge__ These roads comprised the major highway system in the region until U.S. Highway 66 was built in the 1920s.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ Swisher County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, its population was 7,854.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ Its county seat is Tulia.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1890.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ It is named for James G. Swisher, a soldier of the Texas Revolution and signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ At one time, the large JA Ranch, founded by Charles Goodnight and John George Adair, and later owned by Goodnight and Cornelia Adair, reached into six counties, including Swisher.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ Apachean cultures roamed the county until Comanche dominated around 1700.", "Swisher County, Texas __knowledge__ The Comanches were defeated by the United States Army in the Red River War of 1874.", "Pine Ridge, Oklahoma __knowledge__ Pine Ridge is an unincorporated community in Hale Township, Caddo County, Oklahoma, United States.", "Pine Ridge, Oklahoma __knowledge__ It is located south of Fort Cobb at the junction of County Road 1380 and County Street 2550.", "Pine Ridge, Oklahoma __knowledge__ During the community's heyday in the 1940s there was a hub of activity at the main junction of the Ozark Trail and the Fort Cobb road, with a grocery store and two churches, Hopewell Missionary Baptist Church and Pine Ridge Church of Christ (which later merged into the Fort Cobb Church of Christ).", "Pine Ridge, Oklahoma __knowledge__ Today only the ruins of the Baptist Church building, the Pleasant Valley Cemetery, and the Pine Ridge electrical substation remain.", "Ozark, Arkansas __knowledge__ Ozark is a city in Franklin County, Arkansas, United States and one of the county's two seats of government.", "Ozark, Arkansas __knowledge__ The community is located along the Arkansas River in the Arkansas River Valley on the southern edge of the Ozark Mountains.", "Ozark, Arkansas __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census it had a population of 3,684.", "Ozark, Arkansas __knowledge__ Incorporated in 1850, Ozark is adjacent to much of Arkansas wine country, and contains a bridge to cross the Arkansas River for travelers heading to points south.", "Ozark, Arkansas __knowledge__ The city is also located on Arkansas Highway 23, nicknamed the Pig Trail Scenic Byway, known for its steep drops, sharp curves and scenic mountain views.", "Camp Ozark __knowledge__ Camp Ozark, originally known as Ozark Boys' Camp, is a Christian summer camp facility located in Mount Ida, Arkansas.", "Camp Ozark __knowledge__ Camp Ozark, originally known as Ozark Boys' Camp, was begun by Carey Selph, a native of Central Arkansas and a star athlete at Ouachita Baptist University.", "Camp Ozark __knowledge__ Selph and a partner, John Froelich, both living in Houston, Texas, at the time, acquired the area where the camp is located and began constructing the original camp buildings, which included cabins, a dining hall, a bathhouse, a gymnasium, an infirmary and a small office, on March 1, 1949.", "Camp Ozark __knowledge__ On June 10, 1949, Camp Ozark opened its gates to 27 boys, mostly from Houston.", "Ozarks __knowledge__ The Ozarks, also referred to as the Ozark Mountains and Ozark Plateau, is a physiographic region in the U.S. states of Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas.", "Ozarks __knowledge__ The Ozarks cover a significant portion of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, extending from Interstate 40 in Arkansas to the suburbs of St. Louis.", "Ozarks __knowledge__ A portion of the Ozarks extends into northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas.", "Ozarks __knowledge__ There are two mountain ranges within the Ozarks: the Boston Mountains of Arkansas and the St. Francois Mountains of Missouri.", "Ozarks __knowledge__ Buffalo Lookout, the highest point in the Ozarks, is located in the Boston Mountains." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The Ozark Trail is a hiking, backpacking, and, in many places, biking and equestrian trail under construction in the Missouri Ozarks in the United States.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ It is intended to reach from St. Louis to Arkansas.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Over of the trail have been completed as of 2008, and the estimated length when finished will be at least .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ When joined to the Ozark Highlands Trail in Arkansas, the full hiking distance from end to end will be at least , not including a large loop through the St. Francois Mountains in Missouri.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The trail is currently composed of thirteen sections, most of which are joined to other sections, though some gaps exist.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The sections vary in length from .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The longest continuous stretch available for hiking in is , from Onondaga Cave State Park to the Eleven Point River.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The exact routes for incomplete sections have not been established, so the total length of the trail when completed remains undetermined.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Some sections have restrictions on their use in order to be compatible with the goals and purposes of the various public and private landholders whose property the trail crosses.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Horseback riding, mountain biking, or trail side camping may be restricted in certain environmentally sensitive areas.", "Pilot whale __knowledge__ Pilot whales are cetaceans belonging to the genus Globicephala.", "Pilot whale __knowledge__ The two extant species are the long-finned pilot whale (\"G. melas\") and the short-finned pilot whale (\"G. macrorhynchus\").", "Pilot whale __knowledge__ The two are not readily distinguishable at sea, and analysis of the skulls is the best way to distinguish between the species.", "Pilot whale __knowledge__ Between the two species, they range nearly worldwide, with long-finned pilot whales living in colder waters and short-finned pilot whales living in tropical and subtropical waters.", "Pilot whale __knowledge__ Pilot whales are among the largest of the oceanic dolphins, exceeded in size only by the killer whale.", "Pilot whale __knowledge__ They and other large members of the dolphin family are also known as blackfish.", "Bära __knowledge__ The Bära is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.", "Bära __knowledge__ The Bära is a tributary of the Danube, and originates at the confluence of the Upper Bära (\"Oberer Bära\") and the Lower Bära (\"Unterer Bära\").", "Bära __knowledge__ The Bära, together with the Lower Bära, which is longer and has a larger drainage basin, has a combined length of .", "Bära __knowledge__ The Upper Bära originates in the western part of the Swabian Jura directly on the European Watershed, near the \"albtrauf\" at the village of Tieringen in Meßstetten.", "Bära __knowledge__ Just northwest of its upper course, on the other side of Tieringen, runs the Schlichem, which flows northwest by way of the Neckar to the Rhine.", "History of Arkansas __knowledge__ The history of Arkansas began millennia ago when humans first crossed into North America.", "History of Arkansas __knowledge__ Many tribes used Arkansas as their hunting lands but the main tribe was the Quapaw who settled in Arkansas River delta upon moving south from Illinois.", "History of Arkansas __knowledge__ Early French explorers gave the territory its name, a corruption of Akansea, which is a phonetic spelling of the Illinois word for the Quapaw.", "History of Arkansas __knowledge__ This phonetic heritage explains why \"Arkansas\" is pronounced so differently than \"Kansas\" even though they share the same spelling.", "History of Arkansas __knowledge__ What began as a rough wilderness inhabited by trappers and hunters became incorporated into the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and became Arkansas Territory in 1819.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ The history of Missouri begins with settlement of the region by indigenous people during the Paleo-Indian period beginning in about 12,000 BC.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Subsequent periods of native life emerged until the 17th century.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ New France set up small settlements, and in 1803 Napoleonic France sold the area to the U.S. as part of the Louisiana Purchase.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Statehood for Missouri came following a compromise in 1820 that allowed slavery.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Settlement was rapid after 1820, aided by a network of rivers navigable by steamboats, centered in the dominant city St. Louis.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ It attracted European immigrants, especially Germans; the business community had a large Yankee element as well.", "Arkansas National Guard __knowledge__ The Arkansas National Guard comprises both the Arkansas Army National Guard and Arkansas Air National Guard.", "Arkansas National Guard __knowledge__ The state functions of the National Guard range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control.", "Arkansas National Guard __knowledge__ The National Guard may be called into federal service by the President.", "Arkansas National Guard __knowledge__ National Guard units can be mobilized at any time by presidential order to supplement regular armed forces, and upon declaration of a state of emergency by the governor of the state in which they serve.", "Arkansas __knowledge__ Arkansas ( ) is a state in the southeastern region of the United States, home to over 3 million people as of 2017.", "Arkansas __knowledge__ Its name is of Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the Quapaw Indians.", "Arkansas __knowledge__ The state's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S.", "Arkansas __knowledge__ Interior Highlands, to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta.", "Arkansas __knowledge__ Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States.", "Arkansas Territorial Militia __knowledge__ The Arkansas Territorial Militia was the forerunner of today's Arkansas National Guard.", "Arkansas Territorial Militia __knowledge__ The current Arkansas Army National Guard traces its roots to the creation of the territorial militia of the District of Louisiana in 1804.", "Arkansas Territorial Militia __knowledge__ As the District of Louisiana evolved into the Territory of Missouri and the first counties were organized, regiments of the Missouri territorial militia were formed in present-day Arkansas.", "Arkansas Territorial Militia __knowledge__ territorial governors struggled to form a reliable militia system in the sparsely populated territory.", "Arkansas Territorial Militia __knowledge__ When the Arkansas Territory was formed from the Missouri Territory, the militia was reorganized, gradually evolving from a single brigade composed of nine regiments to an entire division composed of six brigades, each containing four to six regiments.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ This article is about the history of the fictional DC Comics' character Wonder Woman, who was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), then appearing in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), Six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Since her debut, five regular series of \"Wonder Woman\" have been published, the last launched in June 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), during the era known to comics historians as the \"Golden Age of Comic Books\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Following this debut, she was featured in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), and six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\".", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ The United States of America has separate federal, state, and local government(s) with taxes imposed at each of these levels.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ Taxes are levied on income, payroll, property, sales, capital gains, dividends, imports, estates and gifts, as well as various fees.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ In 2010, taxes collected by federal, state, and municipal governments amounted to 24.8% of GDP.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ In the OECD, only Chile and Mexico are taxed less as a share of their GDP.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ However, taxes fall much more heavily on labor income than on capital income.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ Divergent taxes and subsidies for different forms of income and spending can also constitute a form of indirect taxation of some activities over others.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Stevland Hardaway Morris (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins; May 13, 1950), known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ A child prodigy, he is considered to be one of the most critically and commercially successful musical performers of the late 20th century.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Wonder signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, and he continued performing and recording for Motown into the 2010s.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ He has been blind since shortly after birth.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Among Wonder's works are singles such as \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\", \"Superstition\", \"Sir Duke\", \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" and \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\"; and albums such as \"Talking Book\", \"Innervisions\" and \"Songs in the Key of Life\".", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ Wonder Stories was an early American science fiction magazine which was published under several titles from 1929 to 1955.", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ It was founded by Hugo Gernsback in 1929 after he had lost control of his first science fiction magazine, \"Amazing Stories\", when his media company Experimenter Publishing went bankrupt.", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ Within a few months of the bankruptcy, Gernsback launched three new magazines: \"Air Wonder Stories\", \"Science Wonder Stories\" and \"Science Wonder Quarterly\".", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ \"Air Wonder Stories\" and \"Science Wonder Stories\" were merged in 1930 as \"Wonder Stories\", and the quarterly was renamed \"Wonder Stories Quarterly\".", "State income tax __knowledge__ Most individual U.S. states collect a state income tax in addition to federal income tax.", "State income tax __knowledge__ The two are separate entities.", "State income tax __knowledge__ Some local governments also impose an income tax, often based on state income tax calculations.", "State income tax __knowledge__ Forty-three states and many localities in the United States may impose an income tax on individuals.", "State income tax __knowledge__ Forty-seven states and many localities impose a tax on the income of corporations.", "State income tax __knowledge__ State income tax is imposed at a fixed or graduated rate on taxable income of individuals, corporations, and certain estates and trusts.", "State income tax __knowledge__ The rates vary by state.", "State income tax __knowledge__ Taxable income conforms closely to federal taxable income in most states, with limited modifications." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The Ozark Trail is a hiking, backpacking, and, in many places, biking and equestrian trail under construction in the Missouri Ozarks in the United States.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ It is intended to reach from St. Louis to Arkansas.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Over of the trail have been completed as of 2008, and the estimated length when finished will be at least .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ When joined to the Ozark Highlands Trail in Arkansas, the full hiking distance from end to end will be at least , not including a large loop through the St. Francois Mountains in Missouri.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The trail is currently composed of thirteen sections, most of which are joined to other sections, though some gaps exist.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The sections vary in length from .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The longest continuous stretch available for hiking in is , from Onondaga Cave State Park to the Eleven Point River.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The exact routes for incomplete sections have not been established, so the total length of the trail when completed remains undetermined.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Some sections have restrictions on their use in order to be compatible with the goals and purposes of the various public and private landholders whose property the trail crosses.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Horseback riding, mountain biking, or trail side camping may be restricted in certain environmentally sensitive areas.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not utilize a standardized playing area, and coping with the varied terrains encountered on different courses is a key part of the game.", "Golf __knowledge__ The game at the highest level is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes, though recreational courses can be smaller, usually 9 holes.", "Golf __knowledge__ Each hole on the course must contain a tee box to start from, and a putting green containing the actual hole or cup (4.25 inches in diameter).", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern Europe, Greece (including Anatolia), the Caucasus, and the Near East.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ A communion of autocephalous churches (″jurisdictions″, or national churches), each typically governed by its own Holy Synod, its bishops are equal by virtue of ordination, with doctrines summarised in the Nicene Creed.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Church has no central doctrinal or governance authority analogous to the Roman Catholic Church's pope; however, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares of the bishops, and the Church of Constantinople, since the Great Schism of 1054, enjoys precedence and certain prerogatives.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Rest area __knowledge__ A rest area, travel plaza, rest stop, or service area is a public facility, located next to a large thoroughfare such as a highway, expressway, or freeway at which drivers and passengers can rest, eat, or refuel without exiting onto secondary roads.", "Rest area __knowledge__ Other names include motorway service area, service station, rest and service area (RSA), resto, service plaza, and service centre.", "Rest area __knowledge__ Facilities may include park-like areas, fuel stations, restrooms, restaurants, and dump and fill stations for recreational vehicles.", "Rest area __knowledge__ A rest area or rest stop with limited or no public facility is a parking area or scenic area.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ Started in 1994, the East Coast Trail is a long-distance footpath located in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ It is over of developed trail that is made up of 26 wilderness paths and intersect more than 30 communities.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ It was named one of the best adventure destinations by National Geographic in 2012 and grows and improves every year.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ Maintained by the East Coast Trail Association and located primarily on public lands, the trail traces the east coast of Newfoundland along the Atlantic Ocean.", "East Coast Trail __knowledge__ The trail passes through many small coastal towns nested in the bays of the Avalon Peninsula.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Lynn Headwaters Regional Park __knowledge__ Lynn Headwaters Regional Park is an area of North Vancouver, British Columbia, and is the largest of twenty-two regional parks in Metro Vancouver.", "Lynn Headwaters Regional Park __knowledge__ At , the park boasts a variety of trails for hikers, including easy, intermediate, and challenging.", "Lynn Headwaters Regional Park __knowledge__ The trails are colour-coded and range from to .", "Lynn Headwaters Regional Park __knowledge__ No bikes are allowed on the trails, however, select trails allow dogs.", "Lynn Headwaters Regional Park __knowledge__ Lynn Headwaters is also home to the BC Mills House, which is a small building near the entrance of the park.", "Lynn Headwaters Regional Park __knowledge__ The BC Mills House offers information and visual depictions of the natural history and industrial history of the area, including kinds of animals that inhabit the forest and locations of previous mines and logging camps.", "The Wave, Arizona __knowledge__ The Wave is a sandstone rock formation located in Arizona, United States near its northern border with Utah.", "The Wave, Arizona __knowledge__ The formation is situated on the slopes of the Coyote Buttes in the Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness of the Colorado Plateau.", "The Wave, Arizona __knowledge__ The area is administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) at the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument visitor center in Kanab, Utah.", "The Wave, Arizona __knowledge__ The formation is wellknown among hikers and photographers for its colorful, undulating forms and the difficult hike required to reach it.", "The Wave, Arizona __knowledge__ Due to the fragile nature of the formation and the large number of people wishing to visit it, a daily lottery system is used to dispense only ten nextday permits in person at the Kanab visitor center.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Tumbledown Mountain __knowledge__ Tumbledown Mountain is a mountain in Franklin County, Maine.", "Tumbledown Mountain __knowledge__ The mountain is a popular hiking spot in western Maine, with trailheads located on Byron Road in unincorporated Township 6, north of Weld.", "Tumbledown Mountain __knowledge__ It is distinguished by an alpine pond (known locally as Crater Lake or Tumbledown Pond) just below the summit.", "Tumbledown Mountain __knowledge__ Tumbledown Mountain is also located near Coos Canyon, a mountain stream.", "Tumbledown Mountain __knowledge__ Tumbledown offers trails of varying difficulty for different hikers.", "Tumbledown Mountain __knowledge__ The least strenuous route to the summit is to hike to Tumbledown pond via either the \"Brook\" or \"Parker Ridge\" trails.", "Tumbledown Mountain __knowledge__ From the pond, hikers can access the summit via the \"Tumbledown Ridge Trail\", a fairly well marked path that leads across the mountaintop all the way from the East Peak to the West Peak.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Pricing games are featured on the current version of the American game show The Price Is Right.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ The contestant from Contestants' Row who bids closest to the price of a prize without going over wins the prize and has the chance to win additional prizes or cash in an onstage game.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Prior to expanding to one hour in length, three games per episode were played during the half-hour format.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ With the exception of a single game from early in the show's history, only one contestant at a time is involved in a pricing game." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The Ozark Trail is a hiking, backpacking, and, in many places, biking and equestrian trail under construction in the Missouri Ozarks in the United States.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ It is intended to reach from St. Louis to Arkansas.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Over of the trail have been completed as of 2008, and the estimated length when finished will be at least .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ When joined to the Ozark Highlands Trail in Arkansas, the full hiking distance from end to end will be at least , not including a large loop through the St. Francois Mountains in Missouri.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The trail is currently composed of thirteen sections, most of which are joined to other sections, though some gaps exist.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The sections vary in length from .", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The longest continuous stretch available for hiking in is , from Onondaga Cave State Park to the Eleven Point River.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ The exact routes for incomplete sections have not been established, so the total length of the trail when completed remains undetermined.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Some sections have restrictions on their use in order to be compatible with the goals and purposes of the various public and private landholders whose property the trail crosses.", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail) __knowledge__ Horseback riding, mountain biking, or trail side camping may be restricted in certain environmentally sensitive areas.", "What a Great Idea! __knowledge__ 'What a Great Idea!'", "What a Great Idea! __knowledge__ is a nationally syndicated television program that showcases cutting-edge new products and trendsetting new innovations by unknown inventors, hosted by veteran Home Shopping Network personality Bob Circosta.", "What a Great Idea! __knowledge__ Circosta's company, Bob Circosta Communications, Inc., produces and distributes the episodes.", "What a Great Idea! __knowledge__ Each infomercial lasts 30-minutes, with host Bob Circosta promoting each inventor and demonstrating the various features and attributes of the debuting product.", "What a Great Idea! __knowledge__ Typically, these products lack mainstream distribution, and rely upon \"What a Great Idea!\"", "What a Great Idea! __knowledge__ to publicize the creation.", "Megali Idea __knowledge__ The Megali Idea (, \"Megáli Idéa\", \"Great Idea\") was an irredentist concept of Greek nationalism that expressed the goal of establishing a Greek state that would encompass all ethnic Greek-inhabited areas, including the large Greek populations that were still under Ottoman rule after the Greek War of Independence (1830) and all the regions that traditionally belonged to Greeks in ancient times (the Southern Balkans, Anatolia and Cyprus).", "Megali Idea __knowledge__ The term appeared for the first time during the debates of Prime Minister Ioannis Kolettis with King Otto that preceded the promulgation of the 1844 constitution.", "Binta and the Great Idea __knowledge__ Binta and the Great Idea () is a 2004 Spanish short film by writer-director Javier Fesser.", "Binta and the Great Idea __knowledge__ The film stars Zeynabou Diallo as Binta, Agnile Sambou as Binta's Father, and Aminata Sane as Soda.", "Binta and the Great Idea __knowledge__ The film duration is approximately 31 minutes and has dialogue in Diola and French.", "Binta and the Great Idea __knowledge__ The film is included in \"Oscar Nominated Short Films\" by Magnolia Pictures and \"Shorts International\"; the theatrical release of this collection was February 16, 2007.", "Binta and the Great Idea __knowledge__ It was made in collaboration with UNICEF, to which all of the profits were given.", "Binta and the Great Idea __knowledge__ Binta is a young African girl who serves as the narrator.", "Binta and the Great Idea __knowledge__ She talks about her father and his 'great idea'.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "MTV News: Unfiltered __knowledge__ MTV News: Unfiltered is an American television series created by Steven Rosenbaum which aired on MTV in the 1990s.", "MTV News: Unfiltered __knowledge__ The half-hour show features footage of real events provided by viewers, and later selected and edited by the show's producers.", "MTV News: Unfiltered __knowledge__ The videos show controversial events in the viewers' community that were not being covered by traditional news outlets.", "MTV News: Unfiltered __knowledge__ Fast Company Magazine described the program this way: \"Every segment of 'MTV News UNfiltered' begins with a phone call.", "MTV News: Unfiltered __knowledge__ About 2,500 a week leave their story pitches on voice mail.", "MTV News: Unfiltered __knowledge__ Steven Rosenbaum and his BNN colleagues review them, identify the best bets, and send out camcorders to their newest correspondents.", "I Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred __knowledge__ \"I'd Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred\" is a 1969 song by The Moody Blues, from their album \"To Our Children's Children's Children\", and written by Justin Hayward.", "I Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred __knowledge__ The song is a short ballad with the theme of accomplishment and longevity.", "I Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred __knowledge__ The realization of all that the narrator has accomplished makes it seem as if he has lived to be a hundred.", "I Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred __knowledge__ The sequel to the song, \"I Never Thought I'd Live to be a Million\", which lasts only half a minute, has the same theme, except that the narrator has now reached a million years of age.", "I Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred __knowledge__ This indicates that the narrator is God.", "I Never Thought I'd Live to Be a Hundred __knowledge__ Another Interpretation: \"I never thought I'd live to be a Hundred\" is about growing and maturing and being thankful for the opportunity to reach well beyond expectations, given very humble beginnings.", "The Baby-Sitters Club __knowledge__ The Baby-Sitters Club (also known as BSC) is a series of novels written by Ann M. Martin and published by Scholastic between 1986 and 2000, that sold 176 million copies.", "The Baby-Sitters Club __knowledge__ Martin wrote the first 35 books in the series, but the subsequent novels were written by ghostwriters, such as Peter Lerangis and many uncredited others.", "The Baby-Sitters Club __knowledge__ The BSC series is about a group of friends, girls between 11 and 13 years old, who live in the fictional, suburban town of Stoneybrook, Connecticut.", "The Baby-Sitters Club __knowledge__ These friends run a local babysitting service called the \"Baby-Sitters Club.\"", "The Baby-Sitters Club __knowledge__ The original four members were Kristy (founder and president), Mary Anne (secretary), Claudia, and Stacey, but the total number of BSC members varies throughout the series.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its journey that is long, including Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ It begins at Springer Mountain, Georgia, and follows the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks and running with only a few exceptions almost continuously through wilderness before ending at Mount Katahdin, Maine.", "Appalachian Trail by state __knowledge__ The trail is currently protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state land ownership or right-of-way.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ Warren Doyle is a hiker, and supporter of the Appalachian Trail.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He holds the informal record for the hiking the entire Appalachian Trail (seventeen times; 9 thru-hikes and 8 section hikes).", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ From 1974 to 2017, as a labor of love, he organized and led 10 groups up the Appalachian Trail with a superlative completion rate.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He is the founder of two organizations dedicated to the trail: the Appalachian Long Distance Hikers Association, and the Appalachian Trail Institute.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ He remains the Director of Appalachian Trail Institute.", "Warren Doyle __knowledge__ Warren Doyle (born 1950) became interested in hiking while attending Southern Connecticut State University.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail (commonly abbreviated as the PCT, and officially designated as the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail) is a long-distance hiking and equestrian trail closely aligned with the highest portion of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges, which lie east of the U.S. Pacific coast.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The trail's southern terminus is on the U.S. border with Mexico, just south of Campo, California, and its northern terminus on the Canada–US border on the edge of Manning Park in British Columbia; its corridor through the U.S. is in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington.", "Pacific Crest Trail __knowledge__ The Pacific Crest Trail is long and ranges in elevation from just above sea level at the Oregon–Washington border to at Forester Pass in the Sierra Nevada.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ McAfee Knob is a geological feature, located on Catawba mountain in Catawba, Virginia, United States.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ It is named for a Scotch-Irish 18th-century settler.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ Considered to be the most scenic point along the Appalachian Trail, the vista offers panoramic views of the Catawba Valley, 3400 feet below.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ McAfee Knob is located on the Appalachian Trail, a four-mile hike northbound from the intersection with VA-311 in Catawba, Virginia or a 16 mile hike southbound from US-220 in Troutville, Virginia.", "McAfee Knob __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail is a 2,175-mile hiking trail following the Appalachian Mountains between Georgia and Maine, and is a unit of the National Park Service.", "Long Path __knowledge__ The Long Path is a long-distance hiking trail beginning at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, New Jersey and ending at Altamont, New York, in the Albany area.", "Long Path __knowledge__ While not yet a continuous trail, relying on road walks in some areas, it nevertheless takes in many of the popular hiking attractions west of the Hudson River, such as the New Jersey Palisades, Harriman State Park, the Shawangunk Ridge and the Catskill Mountains.", "Long Path __knowledge__ It offers hikers a diversity of environments to pass through, from suburbia and sea-level salt marshes along the Hudson to wilderness and boreal forest on Catskill summits in elevation.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Thru-hiking, or through-hiking, is hiking a long-distance trail end-to-end within one hiking season.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ In United States, the term is most commonly associated with the Appalachian Trail (AT), the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT), and the Continental Divide Trail (CDT), but also refers to other end-to-end hikes.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Other examples include the Te Araroa Trail in New Zealand, the Camino de Santiago in Spain, the Via Francigena in France and Italy, the Lycian Way in Turkey, the Israel National Trail, and the Great Divide Trail (GDT) in Canada.", "Thru-hiking __knowledge__ Thru-hiking is also called \"end-to-end hiking\" or \"end-to-ending\" on some trails, like Vermont's Long Trail or New York's Long Path and Northville–Placid Trail." ] ]

[ 1, 39, 76, 48 ]

[ "I understand it is very long! How many states are involved, I wonder?", "I guess it must be quite mountainous in parts. That would make for a challenging hike. ", "It would be neat to do an annual hike- for example, next, you could do the Appalachian trail in the Eastern US> ", "I haven't been on the trail but I've driven in many of the areas that it runs through- gorgeous country. " ]

[ "Ozark Trail (hiking trail)", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail)", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail)", "Ozark Trail (hiking trail)" ]

[ "Rita Hayworth\nI've heard of Rita Hayworth, but I don't know much about her! Are you at all familiar with who she is?", "Interesting! What movies or tv shows did she appear in?", "Impressive! When was she born?", "Did she ever get married?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical \"Cover Girl\" (1944), with Gene Kelly.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death at age 68.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimer's research.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino, the oldest child of two dancers.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ George Orson Welles (; May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who worked in theatre, radio, and film.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ He is remembered for his innovative work in all three: in theatre, most notably \"Caesar\" (1937), a Broadway adaptation of William Shakespeare's \"Julius Caesar\"; in radio, the legendary 1938 broadcast \"The War of the Worlds\"; and in film, \"Citizen Kane\" (1941), consistently ranked as one of the greatest films ever made.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ In his 20s, Welles directed a number of high-profile stage productions for the Federal Theatre Project, including an adaptation of \"Macbeth\" with an entirely African American cast, and the political musical \"The Cradle Will Rock\".", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In the 1946 film \"Gilda\", Rita Hayworth wore a black dress made by American costume designer Jean Louis.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ It was used in one of the most famous scenes of the film: one in which the character of Gilda sings the song \"Put the Blame on Mame\", improvising a quick striptease, choreographed by Jack Cole.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The dress has helped consolidate the image of the \"femme fatale\", as well as being universally recognized as an icon of fashion and cinema.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ \"The Independent\" named it as one of the Ten Best Fashion Moments in Film.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Jean Louis, Columbia Pictures costume designer, collaborated with the actress Rita Hayworth in nine films from the 1945 until 1959.", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 American drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont, based on the 1982 Stephen King novella \"Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption\".", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ It tells the story of banker Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins), who is sentenced to life in Shawshank State Penitentiary for the murder of his wife and her lover, despite his claims of innocence.", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ Over the following two decades, he befriends a fellow prisoner, contraband smuggler Ellis \"Red\" Redding (Morgan Freeman), and becomes instrumental in a money laundering operation led by the prison warden Samuel Norton (Bob Gunton).", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ William Sadler, Clancy Brown, Gil Bellows, and James Whitmore appear in supporting roles.", "The Strawberry Blonde __knowledge__ The Strawberry Blonde is a 1941 Warner Bros. feature film directed by Raoul Walsh, starring James Cagney and Olivia de Havilland, and featuring Rita Hayworth, Alan Hale, Jack Carson and George Tobias.", "The Strawberry Blonde __knowledge__ The picture was nominated for an Academy Award in 1941 for Best Scoring of a Musical Picture and features songs such as \"The Band Played On\", \"Bill Bailey\", \"Meet Me in St. Louis, Louie,\" \"Wait Till The Sun Shines Nellie,\" and \"Love Me and the World Is Mine.\"", "The Strawberry Blonde __knowledge__ The title is most often listed beginning with the word The, but the film's posters and promotional materials call it simply Strawberry Blonde.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ Only Angels Have Wings is a 1939 American drama film directed by Howard Hawks, and starring Cary Grant and Jean Arthur, based on a story written by Hawks.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ The film also marked the first significant role in a major film for Rita Hayworth.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ It is generally regarded as being among Hawks' finest films, particularly in its portrayal of the professionalism of the pilots of the film, its atmosphere, and the flying sequences.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ The supporting cast features Thomas Mitchell and Richard Barthelmess.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ \"Only Angels Have Wings\" was based on a number of real incidents witnessed by Hawks, and although \"Air Mail\" (1932), \"Night Flight\" (1933), \"Ceiling Zero\" (1936, also directed by Hawks) and \"Flight From Glory\" (1937) have similar stories, they are not related.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ Prince Ali Salman Aga Khan (13 June 1911 – 12 May 1960), known as Aly Khan, was a son of Sultan Mahommed Shah, Aga Khan III, the leader of the Nizārī Ismā'īlī Muslims, a sect of Shia Islam, and the father of Aga Khan IV.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ A socialite, racehorse owner and jockey, he was the third husband of actress Rita Hayworth.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ After being passed over for succession as Aga Khan, he served as the Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations, where he became a vice president of the General Assembly.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ His first name was typically spelled \"Aly\" in the press.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ The titles of prince and princess, which are claimed by children of the Aga Khan by virtue of their descent from the Qajar king Fath Ali Shah of the Persian Qajar dynasty, were recognized as courtesy titles by the British government in 1938." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical \"Cover Girl\" (1944), with Gene Kelly.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death at age 68.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimer's research.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino, the oldest child of two dancers.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing, mixing or re-recording is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are \"mixed\" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ The process usually takes place on a dub stage.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ After sound editors edit and prepare all the necessary tracks – dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, Foley, music – the dubbing mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR, also known as \"additional dialogue replacement\", \"automated dialogue recording\", and \"looping\", in which the original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ Media and gender refers to the relationship between media and gender, and how representations of the different genders created for and by mass media.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ Media can range from newspapers, magazines, comic strips, novels, CDs and music videos.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ These representations can influence the general public's perception of the different genders.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ It is important to continue exploring interactions of media and gender to dismiss personal choices, but to see the larger context, and potential consequences for ourselves and others.", "Media and gender __knowledge__ Advertisements and pictures in magazines carry significant messages about cultural norms and values, but also norms of gendered relations for both men and women.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K) is an American television comedy series created by Joel Hodgson and produced by Alternaversal Productions, LLC.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ The show premiered on KTMA (now WUCW) in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 24, 1988.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ It later aired on The Comedy Channel/Comedy Central for seven seasons until its cancellation in 1997.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ Thereafter, it was picked up by The Sci-Fi Channel and aired for three seasons until another cancellation in August 1999.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ A 60-episode syndication package titled \"The Mystery Science Theater Hour\" was produced in 1995.", "Mystery Science Theater 3000 __knowledge__ In 2015, Hodgson led a crowdfunded revival of the series with 14 episodes in its eleventh season, released on Netflix on April 14, 2017, with another season to follow in the near future.", "Apple TV __knowledge__ Apple TV is a digital media player and microconsole developed and sold by Apple Inc.", "Apple TV __knowledge__ It is a small network appliance and entertainment device that can receive digital data from a number of sources and stream it to a capable television.", "Apple TV __knowledge__ Apple TV is an HDMI-compliant source device.", "Apple TV __knowledge__ To use it for viewing, it has to be connected to an enhanced-definition or high-definition widescreen television via an HDMI cable.", "Apple TV __knowledge__ The device has no integrated controls and can only be controlled externally, either by an Apple Remote control device (with which it is shipped) using its infrared/bluetooth capability, by the Apple TV Remote app (downloadable from App Store) on iOS devices, such as the iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, and Apple Watch, using its Wi-Fi capability, or by some third-party infrared remotes.", "Advertisement film __knowledge__ An advertisement film (variously called a television commercial, commercial or ad in American English, and known in British English as a TV advert or simply an advert) is a span of television programming produced and paid for by an organization, which conveys a message, typically to market a product or service.", "Advertisement film __knowledge__ Advertisers and marketeers may refer to television commercials as TVCs.", "Advertisement film __knowledge__ Advertising revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately owned television networks.", "Advertisement film __knowledge__ During the 2010s, the number of commercials has grown steadily, while at the same time, the length of each commercial has diminished, according to Nielsen.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "Video on demand __knowledge__ \"'Video on demand \"are systems which allow users to select and watch/listen to video or audio content such as movies and TV shows when they choose to, rather than having to watch at a specific broadcast time, which was the prevalent approach with over-the-air broadcasting during much of the 20th century.", "Video on demand __knowledge__ IPTV technology is often used to bring VOD to televisions and personal computers.", "Video on demand __knowledge__ Television VOD systems can either \"stream\" content through a set-top box, a computer or other device, allowing viewing in real time, or download it to a device such as a computer, digital video recorder (also called a personal video recorder) or portable media player for viewing at any time.", "Amici di Maria De Filippi __knowledge__ Amici (initially called \"Saranno Famosi\") is an Italian talent show.", "Amici di Maria De Filippi __knowledge__ Created by Chicco Sfondrin and Luca Zanforlin, the show began in 2001 and has since aired annually from October/November until May/June.", "Amici di Maria De Filippi __knowledge__ The show is produced by Fascino P.G.T.", "Amici di Maria De Filippi __knowledge__ s.r.l.", "Amici di Maria De Filippi __knowledge__ (owned by Maria De Filippi) and is broadcast on Canale 5.", "Amici di Maria De Filippi __knowledge__ Amici is an academy school involving a class of about 20 youth students (18-25 age), who aspire to become professional singers, songwriters and dancers (classical, modern, jazz and hip-hop).", "Amici di Maria De Filippi __knowledge__ Additional original categories of \"actors\", \"musicians\" and \"TV presenters\" have since been dropped in the recent seasons (after 2009).", "Northern Dancer __knowledge__ Northern Dancer (May 27, 1961 – November 16, 1990) was a Canadian-bred Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1964 Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes and then became one of the most successful sires of the 20th century.", "Northern Dancer __knowledge__ He is considered a Canadian icon, and was inducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame in 1965.", "Northern Dancer __knowledge__ Induction into the Racing Hall of Fame in both Canada and the United States followed in 1976.", "Northern Dancer __knowledge__ As a competitor, \"The Blood-Horse\" ranks him as one of the top 100 U.S. Thoroughbred champions of the 20th century.", "Northern Dancer __knowledge__ A sire of sires, he has been called the leading male-line progenitor of modern Thoroughbreds worldwide.", "Asian Americans in arts and entertainment __knowledge__ Asian Americans have been involved in the entertainment industry since the first half of the 19th century, when Chang and Eng Bunker (the original \"Siamese Twins\") became naturalized citizens.", "Asian Americans in arts and entertainment __knowledge__ Acting roles in television, film, and theater were relatively few, and many available roles were for narrow, stereotypical characters.", "Asian Americans in arts and entertainment __knowledge__ Early Asian American actors such as Sessue Hayakawa, Anna May Wong, and Bruce Lee encountered a movie-making culture that wanted to cast them as caricatures.", "Asian Americans in arts and entertainment __knowledge__ Or like actress Merle Oberon who hid her heritage so she wouldn't have been discriminated by Hollywood's racist laws.", "Master Juba __knowledge__ Master Juba (ca.", "Master Juba __knowledge__ 1825 – ca.", "Master Juba __knowledge__ 1852 or 1853) was an African-American dancer active in the 1840s.", "Master Juba __knowledge__ He was one of the first black performers in the United States to play onstage for white audiences and the only one of the era to tour with a white minstrel group.", "Master Juba __knowledge__ His real name was believed to be William Henry Lane, and he was also known as \"Boz's Juba\" following Dickens's graphic description of him in \"American Notes\".", "Master Juba __knowledge__ As a teenager, he began his career in the rough saloons and dance halls of Manhattan's Five Points neighborhood, moving on to minstrel shows in the mid-1840s.", "Master Juba __knowledge__ \"Master Juba\" frequently challenged and defeated the best white dancers, including the period favorite, John Diamond.", "Yuki Shimoda __knowledge__ Yuki Shimoda (August 10, 1921 – May 21, 1981) was an American actor best known for his starring role as Ko Wakatsuki in the NBC movie of the week, \"Farewell to Manzanar\" in 1976.", "Yuki Shimoda __knowledge__ He also co-starred in a 1960s television series, \"Johnny Midnight\" (39 episodes), with Edmond O'Brien.", "Yuki Shimoda __knowledge__ He was a star of the silver screen, early television and the stage.", "Yuki Shimoda __knowledge__ His Broadway theater stage credits include \"Auntie Mame\" with Rosalind Russell, nominated for eight Tony Awards and winner of three Tonys, and \"Pacific Overtures\", a Stephen Sondheim Broadway musical directed by Harold Prince nominated for ten Tony Awards.", "Marlon Brando __knowledge__ Marlon Brando Jr. (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor, film director, and activist.", "Marlon Brando __knowledge__ He is credited with bringing realism to film acting, helping to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting, studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s.", "Marlon Brando __knowledge__ He is considered by many as one of the greatest and most influential actors of all time.", "Marlon Brando __knowledge__ Brando is widely known for his Academy Award-winning performances as Terry Malloy in \"On the Waterfront\" (1954) and Don Vito Corleone in \"The Godfather\" (1972).", "Marlon Brando __knowledge__ He is also remembered for his performances in \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" (1951), \"Viva Zapata!\"", "Marlon Brando __knowledge__ (1952), \"Julius Caesar\" (1953), \"The Wild One\" (1953), \"Guys and Dolls\" (1955), \"Sayonara\" (1957), \"Last Tango in Paris\" (1972), and \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979).", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Bronislava Nijinska (; , \"Bronislava Fominichna Nizhinskaya\", ); ( — February 21, 1972) was a Polish ballet dancer, and an innovative choreographer.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ She came of age in a family of professional dancers.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Her career started in Sankt Peterburg, adventured to Paris, returned to Russia, then crested in France, and continued in Europe and the Americas.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Nijinska played a pioneering role in the movement that diverged from 19th-century classical ballet.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ The introduction of modern form and motion, and a minimalist narrative, set the stage for neoclassical works to come.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ After formal ballet training in Sankt Peterburg the Russian capital, she became an 'Artist of the Imperial Theatres' in 1908." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical \"Cover Girl\" (1944), with Gene Kelly.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death at age 68.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimer's research.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino, the oldest child of two dancers.", "Impressive Instant __knowledge__ \"Impressive Instant\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Madonna from her 2000 studio album \"Music\".", "Impressive Instant __knowledge__ Originally intended to be the fourth single of the album, the release was cancelled due to a disagreement between Madonna and her recording company.", "Impressive Instant __knowledge__ Finally Warner Bros. released it in the United States as a promotional single on September 18, 2001.", "Impressive Instant __knowledge__ Written and produced by Madonna and Mirwais Ahmadzaï, the track is bright and uplifting in its content and composition.", "Impressive Instant __knowledge__ It was the first song that Madonna and Ahmadzaï worked on and recorded.", "Impressive Instant __knowledge__ Ahmadzaï had to work separately on his laptop to generate the sound elements which Madonna wanted in the song, since it was difficult to generate the music in the recording studio.", "2011 in Pancrase __knowledge__ The year 2011 is the 19th year in the history of Pancrase, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Japan.", "2011 in Pancrase __knowledge__ In 2011 Pancrase held 15 events beginning with \"Pancrase: Gate 7th Chance\".", "2011 in Pancrase __knowledge__ Pancrase: Gate 7th Chance was an event held on January 30, 2011 at The Gold's Gym South Tokyo Annex in Tokyo, Japan.", "2011 in Pancrase __knowledge__ Pancrase: Impressive Tour 1 was an event held on February 6, 2011 at The Differ Ariake Arena in Tokyo, Japan.", "2011 in Pancrase __knowledge__ Pancrase: Impressive Tour 2 was an event held on March 13, 2011 at The Azalea Taisho Hall in Osaka, Osaka, Japan.", "2011 in Pancrase __knowledge__ Pancrase: Impressive Tour 3 was an event held on April 3, 2011 at The Differ Ariake Arena in Tokyo, Japan.", "Architecture of Wales __knowledge__ Architecture of Wales is an overview of architecture in Wales from the Medieval period to the present day, excluding castles and fortifications, ecclesiastical architecture and industrial architecture.", "Architecture of Wales __knowledge__ It covers the history of domestic, commercial, and administrative architecture.", "Architecture of Wales __knowledge__ There is little evidence for domestic architecture in Wales which predates the 14th century.", "Architecture of Wales __knowledge__ The earliest domestic buildings are the stone tower houses, which may date back to about 1400, and various partially fortified first-floor hall houses such as Candleston Castle and Eastington at Rhoscrowther in Pembrokeshire.", "Architecture of Wales __knowledge__ Most of the Welsh examples are in the southern coastal border area of Wales and particularly in Pembrokeshire.", "History of Deportivo La Coruña __knowledge__ Deportivo La Coruña is a Spanish soccer team.", "History of Deportivo La Coruña __knowledge__ Deportivo de la Sala Calvet was founded in 1906.", "History of Deportivo La Coruña __knowledge__ The club's first ever president was Luis Cornide.", "History of Deportivo La Coruña __knowledge__ Records indicate that the team consisted of Salvador Fojón, Venancio Deus, Juan Long, Ángel Rodríguez, Manuel Álvarez, Daniel Aler, Paco Martínez, Félix de Paz, Virgilio Rodríguez, Juan Manuel López, and Martínez Urioste.", "History of Deportivo La Coruña __knowledge__ On 11 May 1907, civil governor Luis Moyano passed the proper statute and regulations on the formation of the club.", "History of Deportivo La Coruña __knowledge__ One and a half years later, King Alfonso XIII of Spain conceded the mark of royalty to the club while he also accepted the role of honorary president of the now called Real Club Deportivo de La Coruña.", "Impressive (horse) __knowledge__ Impressive (April 15, 1969 – March 20, 1995) was born an Appendix American Quarter Horse, who earned his full AQHA registration in 1971.", "Impressive (horse) __knowledge__ He was the 1974 World Champion Open Aged halter stallion, the first such World Champion in his breed, despite carrying only 48 halter points in total.", "Impressive (horse) __knowledge__ He is famous for his highly successful progeny, having sired 2,250 foals.", "Impressive (horse) __knowledge__ Nearly thirty of his offspring went on to be World Champions themselves.", "Impressive (horse) __knowledge__ Impressive is also notorious as the primary source of the widespread genetic disease known as hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP).", "Impressive (horse) __knowledge__ In his showing days, Impressive changed hands a number of times, perhaps his most famous owner being Dean Landers, who also owned the famous halter stallions Two Eyed Jack, Coy's Bonanza, and Sonny Dee Bar.", "Ottis Gibson __knowledge__ Ottis Delroy Gibson (born 16 March 1969) is a former West Indian player from Barbados.", "Ottis Gibson __knowledge__ A pace bowler and exploiter of the older cricket ball for the West Indies, Gibson is now the head coach of the South African cricket team.", "Ottis Gibson __knowledge__ From 2010-2014, Gibson was the head coach for the West Indies, and previously twice worked as bowling coach for England, from 2007-2010 and again 2015-2017.", "Ottis Gibson __knowledge__ Gibson's county cricket career saw him play for Glamorgan before taking up coaching with the ECB after a series of niggling injuries.", "Ottis Gibson __knowledge__ However, he returned to playing with Leicestershire in 2004.", "Ottis Gibson __knowledge__ In 2006, he moved to Durham.", "Impressive (presentation program) __knowledge__ Impressive is a free and open source software that displays presentation slides with 3D-effects.", "Impressive (presentation program) __knowledge__ It is a lightweight and easy to use console presentation software with focus on PDF documents and images.", "Impressive (presentation program) __knowledge__ It was started by Martin Fiedler in 2005.", "Impressive (presentation program) __knowledge__ Impressive is a simple presentation program that displays slide show PDF documents, LaTeX slides or digital images in the JPEG, PNG, TIFF and BMP file formats, adding 3D effects.", "Impressive (presentation program) __knowledge__ Presentation slides can be created in an external software application of choice and \"Impressive\" used for displaying them.", "Impressive (presentation program) __knowledge__ \"Impressive\" features a timer, multi-monitor setups and fully customizable keyboard and mouse controls, with an optimal keyboard, computer mouse and digital pen input handling.", "Shashi Kapoor __knowledge__ Shashi Kapoor PB (born as Balbir Prithviraj Kapoor; 18 March 1938 – 4 December 2017) was an Indian film actor and producer.", "Shashi Kapoor __knowledge__ He appeared in 168 films which includes large number of Hindi films as well as in various English-language films, notably the films produced by Merchant-Ivory.", "Shashi Kapoor __knowledge__ He was also a film director and assistant director in the Hindi film industry.", "Shashi Kapoor __knowledge__ Shashi Kapoor was a member of the Kapoor family, a film dynasty in India's Bollywood cinema.", "Shashi Kapoor __knowledge__ Kapoor was born in Calcutta (now Kolkata) during the British Raj.", "Shashi Kapoor __knowledge__ He was the third and youngest son of Prithviraj Kapoor, the younger brother of Raj Kapoor and Shammi Kapoor, the widower of Jennifer Kendal (sister of actress Felicity Kendal), and the father of Karan Kapoor, Kunal Kapoor and Sanjana Kapoor.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles primarily performed to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ It includes a wide range of styles primarily breaking which was created in the 1970s and made popular by dance crews in the United States.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The television show \"Soul Train\" and the 1980s films \"Breakin'\", \"Beat Street\", and \"Wild Style\" showcased these crews and dance styles in their early stages; therefore, giving hip-hop mainstream exposure.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The dance industry responded with a commercial, studio-based version of hip-hop—sometimes called \"new style\"—and a hip-hop influenced style of jazz dance called \"jazz-funk\".", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Strip club __knowledge__ Strip clubs are venues where strippers provide adult entertainment, predominantly in the form of striptease or other erotic or exotic dances.", "Strip club __knowledge__ Strip clubs typically adopt a nightclub or bar style, and can also adopt a theatre or cabaret-style.", "Strip club __knowledge__ American-style strip clubs began to appear outside North America after World War II, arriving in Asia in the late 1940s and Europe in the 1950s, where they competed against the local English and French styles of striptease and erotic performances.", "Strip club __knowledge__ As of 2005, the size of the global strip club industry was estimated to be US$75 billion.", "Strip club __knowledge__ In 2002, the size of the U.S. strip club industry was estimated to be US$3.1 billion, generating 19% of the total gross revenue in legal adult entertainment.", "Facial motor nucleus __knowledge__ The facial motor nucleus is a collection of neurons in the brainstem that belong to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII).", "Facial motor nucleus __knowledge__ These lower motor neurons innervate the muscles of facial expression and the stapedius.", "Facial motor nucleus __knowledge__ The nucleus is situated in the caudal portion of the ventrolateral pontine tegmentum.", "Facial motor nucleus __knowledge__ Its axons take an unusual course, traveling dorsally and looping around the abducens nucleus, then traveling ventrally to exit the ventral pons medial to the spinal trigeminal nucleus.", "Facial motor nucleus __knowledge__ These axons form the motor component of the facial nerve, with parasympathetic and sensory components forming the intermediate nerve.", "Peter Ekkart __knowledge__ Peter Ekkart is a professional dancer, dance teacher, and choreographer.", "Peter Ekkart __knowledge__ His work covers mostly ballroom and Latin dancing, but he is also active in other dance styles and other creative platforms, most of them close to dancing.", "Peter Ekkart __knowledge__ He and his wife run a dancing school in Belgium, together with his mother.", "Peter Ekkart __knowledge__ Ekkart was born in Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium, the oldest of three brothers.", "Peter Ekkart __knowledge__ From age 15 to 16, he was a free student at the full-time ballet School in Antwerp, the .", "Peter Ekkart __knowledge__ The intense training over these years at the ballet school gave him the basics he needed for his further career in Latin and ballroom dancing." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical \"Cover Girl\" (1944), with Gene Kelly.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death at age 68.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimer's research.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino, the oldest child of two dancers.", "Cohabitation __knowledge__ Cohabitation is an arrangement where two people who are not married live together.", "Cohabitation __knowledge__ Such arrangements have become increasingly common in Western countries during the past few decades, being led by changing social views, especially regarding marriage, gender roles and religion.", "Cohabitation __knowledge__ They often involve a romantic and/or sexually intimate relationship on a long-term or permanent basis.", "Cohabitation __knowledge__ More broadly, the term \"cohabitation\" can mean any number of people living together.", "Cohabitation __knowledge__ To \"cohabit\", in a broad sense, means to \"coexist\".", "Cohabitation __knowledge__ The origin of the term comes from the mid 16th century, from the Latin \"cohabitare\", from co- 'together' + habitare 'dwell'.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\" is a television series created by Brenda Hampton.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ It first premiered on ABC Family on July 1, 2008 and ran until June 3, 2013.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ The show features a regular cast of characters, which began with eleven people in its first season.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ Since then, characters have left the show, with new main characters having both been written in and out of the series.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Secret Life\" features multiple guest stars each week, some having larger roles than others.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ The plot focuses on the character of Amy Juergens after becoming accidentally pregnant at band camp.", "List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters __knowledge__ It explores how the pregnancy affects her, her peers, and her family.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating is a stage of romantic relationships in humans whereby two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the other's suitability as a prospective partner in an intimate relationship or marriage.", "Dating __knowledge__ It is a form of courtship, consisting of social activities done by the couple, either alone or with others.", "Dating __knowledge__ The protocols and practices of dating, and the terms used to describe it, vary considerably from country to country and over time.", "Dating __knowledge__ While the term has several meanings, the most frequent usage refers to two people exploring whether they are romantically or sexually compatible by participating in dates with the other.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Tanja von Lahnstein (née Wittkamp, formerly von Anstetten, Rai and von Lahnstein) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by actress Miriam Lahnstein.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on-screen on 21 June 1995 and left after three years in May 1998.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein returned to the role in 2001, where she was seen from 24 April to 5 October.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ She came back another three years later and reappeared on 16 April 2004.", "Tanja von Lahnstein __knowledge__ Lahnstein left the show for a short time, while being on contract, from June 2005 to March 2006 and from March to December 2007 during the pregnancy of her two children.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ One Tree Hill is an American television series created by Mark Schwahn for The WB in 2003.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After its third season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which then became the broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Schwahn served as executive producer while also writing and directing for the show, including the premieres and finales of all seasons.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ The show began with nine main characters in its first season.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ After that, characters from that first season left the show, with new main characters having been both written in and out of the series.", "List of One Tree Hill characters __knowledge__ Originally, it followed two half-brothers Lucas and Nathan Scott who started out as enemies but later formed a close bond as brothers.", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters featured in the Telemundo-produced telenovela \"Aurora\".", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ Angela Amenabar is portrayed by Sonya Smith.", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ She is the title character and main protagonist of the series replacing Sara Maldonado after her departure from the series.", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ Receives Aurora's heart as transplant, Lorenzo's lawyer, sister of Clara, in love with Lorenzo.", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ she is also a doctor Aurora Ponce De León is portrayed by Sara Maldonado.", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ She is the title character and main protagonist of the series.", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ Aurora is the only child of Gustavo and Inés Ponce De León.", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ She is beautiful, passionate, generous, and loves with all her heart and soul.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ Sexuality in ancient Rome, and more broadly, \"sexual attitudes and behaviors in ancient Rome,\" are indicated by Roman art, literature and inscriptions, and to a lesser extent by archaeological remains such as erotic artifacts and architecture.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ It has sometimes been assumed that \"unlimited sexual license\" was characteristic of ancient Rome; Verstraete and Provençal express the opinion that this perspective was simply a Christian interpretation: \"The sexuality of the Romans has never had good press in the West ever since the rise of Christianity.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ In the popular imagination and culture, it is synonymous with sexual license and abuse.\"", "Judy Tenuta __knowledge__ Judy Lynn Tenuta (born November 7, 1956) is an American comedian.", "Judy Tenuta __knowledge__ She is noted for her brash onstage persona, alternating insult comedy with self-promotion as the \"Love Goddess.\"", "Judy Tenuta __knowledge__ One of nine siblings, Judy Lynn was born in Oak Park, Illinois in 1956 into a large Catholic family; to a Polish mother Joann, and an Italian father, Caesar.", "Judy Tenuta __knowledge__ Tenuta gained notoriety as a wisecracking, accordion-wielding self-proclaimed \"Petite Flower and Love Goddess\" during the golden age of character comedy in the mid '80s, alongside Emo Philips and Bobcat Goldthwait, in addition to such notable contemporaries as Sam Kinison and Steven Wright.", "Cupid __knowledge__ In classical mythology, Cupid (Latin Cupīdō , meaning \"desire\") is the god of desire, erotic love, attraction and affection.", "Cupid __knowledge__ He is often portrayed as the son of the love goddess Venus and the war god Mars.", "Cupid __knowledge__ He is also known in Latin as \"\" (\"Love\").", "Cupid __knowledge__ His Greek counterpart is Eros.", "Cupid __knowledge__ Although Eros is generally portrayed as a slender winged youth in Classical Greek art, during the Hellenistic period, he was increasingly portrayed as a chubby boy.", "Cupid __knowledge__ During this time, his iconography acquired the bow and arrow that represent his source of power: a person, or even a deity, who is shot by Cupid's arrow is filled with uncontrollable desire.", "LGBT themes in mythology __knowledge__ LGBT themes in mythology occur in mythologies and religious narratives that include stories of romantic affection or sexuality between figures of the same sex or that feature divine actions that result in changes in gender.", "LGBT themes in mythology __knowledge__ These myths have been interpreted as forms of LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) expression, and modern conceptions of sexuality and gender have been applied to them.", "LGBT themes in mythology __knowledge__ Many mythologies ascribe homosexuality and gender fluidity in humans to the action of gods or of other supernatural interventions.", "LGBT themes in mythology __knowledge__ The presence of LGBT themes in Western mythologies has become the subject of intense study.", "Hausos __knowledge__ One of the most important goddesses of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion is the personification of dawn as a beautiful young woman.", "Hausos __knowledge__ Her name is reconstructed as Hausōs or Ausōs (PIE \"\", an \"s\"-stem), besides numerous epithets.", "Hausos __knowledge__ The name ' is derived from a root *' \"to glow, shine\" (usually translated as \"to become light or red (esp.", "Hausos __knowledge__ in the morning), to dawn; dawn; east\"), thus translating to \"the glowing, shining one\".", "Hausos __knowledge__ Both the English word \"east\" and the Latin ' \"south wind, south\" are from a root cognate adjective '.", "Hausos __knowledge__ Also related is ' \"gold\", from '.", "Hausos __knowledge__ The dawn goddess was also the goddess of spring, involved in the mythology of the Indo-European new year, where the dawn goddess is liberated from imprisonment by a god (reflected in the Rigveda as Indra, in Greek mythology as Dionysus and Cronus).", "Kylie Minogue __knowledge__ Kylie Ann Minogue, (; born 28 May 1968), often known simply as Kylie, is an Australian singer, songwriter, actress, dancer and philanthropist.", "Kylie Minogue __knowledge__ She achieved recognition starring in the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", where she played tomboy mechanic Charlene Robinson.", "Kylie Minogue __knowledge__ Appearing in the series for two years, Minogue's character married Scott Robinson (Jason Donovan) in an episode viewed by nearly 20 million people in the United Kingdom making it one of the most watched Australian TV episodes ever.", "Kylie Minogue __knowledge__ Since then, Minogue has been a recording artist and has achieved commercial success and critical acclaim in the entertainment industry." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "She was an American actor and dancer.", "A lot! She was one of the top dancers in the 1940s. She appeared in 61 films over the course of 37 years.", "She was born in 1918. The press called her \"The Love Goddess\" because she was so glamorous on screen. ", "I'm not sure to be honest, although she was the top pin up girl in WW II, so probably!" ]

[ "Rita Hayworth", "Rita Hayworth", "Rita Hayworth", "Rita Hayworth" ]

[ "Basketball", "Who is your favorite Basketball team?", "Oh thats nice. Is basketball a very popular sport?", "Is chicago a very big city?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.", "Magic Johnson __knowledge__ Earvin \"Magic\" Johnson Jr. (born August 14, 1959) is an American retired professional basketball player and current president of basketball operations of the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "Magic Johnson __knowledge__ He played point guard for the Lakers for 13 seasons.", "Magic Johnson __knowledge__ After winning championships in high school and college, Johnson was selected first overall in the 1979 NBA draft by the Lakers.", "Magic Johnson __knowledge__ He won a championship and an NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in his rookie season, and won four more championships with the Lakers during the 1980s.", "Magic Johnson __knowledge__ Johnson retired abruptly in 1991 after announcing that he had contracted HIV, but returned to play in the 1992 All-Star Game, winning the All-Star MVP Award.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate men's basketball competition.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Longhorns currently compete in the Big 12 Conference.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The University of Texas began varsity intercollegiate competition in men's basketball in 1906.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Longhorns rank 17th in total victories among all NCAA Division I college basketball programs and 25th in all-time win percentage among programs with at least 50 years in Division I, with an all-time win-loss record of 1759–1057 ().", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ Among Big 12 Conference men's basketball programs, Texas is second only to Kansas in both all-time wins and all-time win percentage.", "Yuta Watanabe __knowledge__ Before moving to the collegiate level, Watanabe attended Jinsei Gakuen High School in Zentsūji, Kagawa.", "Yuta Watanabe __knowledge__ He later transferred to St. Thomas More Preparatory School in Oakdale, Connecticut in 2013.", "Yuta Watanabe __knowledge__ Watanabe rose to fame with this high school program, and was one of their most valuable players in the National Prep School Invitational as a senior in 2014.", "Yuta Watanabe __knowledge__ He also gained attention from several different newspapers, including \"The New York Times\".", "Yuta Watanabe __knowledge__ Watanabe attended Jinsei Gakuen High School in Kagawa.", "Yuta Watanabe __knowledge__ He led the basketball team to the runner-up spot of the All-Japan High School Basketball Tournament in his final two years with the program.", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ Rotnei Clarke (born July 20, 1989) is an American professional basketball player for the Illawarra Hawks of the National Basketball League (NBL).", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ He played college basketball for the University of Arkansas and Butler University before beginning his professional career in Australia with the Wollongong Hawks.", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ In his rookie season, he was named the NBL's Most Valuable Player.", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ He went on to play in Belgium and Germany before returning to the Hawks in 2016.", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ He can play both point guard and shooting guard, and is known for his three-point shooting ability.", "Rotnei Clarke __knowledge__ During high school, Clarke's sharp shooting and chase for the Oklahoma high-school scoring record attracted large crowds.", "Tracy Abrams __knowledge__ Tracy Abrams (born February 6, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for APOP Paphos B.C.", "Tracy Abrams __knowledge__ in the Cypriot League.", "Tracy Abrams __knowledge__ Abrams is from Chicago, Illinois and played college basketball for the Illinois Fighting Illini.", "Tracy Abrams __knowledge__ Abrams attended Mount Carmel High School, where he was a four-year varsity basketball player and helped lead his team to 89 total wins.", "Tracy Abrams __knowledge__ During high school, Abrams played on the AAU circuit with the Mac Irvin Fire and the Illinois Wolves.", "Tracy Abrams __knowledge__ In March 2010, Abrams was selected, along with two future Illinois teammates Meyers Leonard and Jereme Richmond to attend tryouts for the USA Basketball U18 National Team that competed in the FIBA Americas Under-18 Championship in San Antonio.", "Ri Myung-hun __knowledge__ Ri Myung-Hun (born September 14, 1967 in North Korea), also known as Michael Ri after his favorite basketball player Michael Jordan, is a former North Korean basketball player.", "Ri Myung-hun __knowledge__ He played the center position for the national basketball team of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.", "Ri Myung-hun __knowledge__ Once proclaimed to be the tallest living human being in the world, he stands 7'8 ½\" (2.35 m) tall and once planned to play in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in the 1990s.", "Ri Myung-hun __knowledge__ According to the Associated Press, he was \"the world's tallest basketball player.\"", "Ri Myung-hun __knowledge__ In anticipation of joining the NBA, Ri worked out in Canada, where he was scouted by numerous teams.", "Connecticut Huskies women's basketball __knowledge__ The Connecticut Huskies women's basketball team is the college basketball program representing the University of Connecticut in Storrs, Connecticut, in NCAA Division I women's basketball competition.", "Connecticut Huskies women's basketball __knowledge__ They currently play in the American Athletic Conference, the successor of the Big East Conference, as the last remaining original member of the conference.", "Connecticut Huskies women's basketball __knowledge__ The UConn Huskies are the most successful women's basketball program in the nation, having won a record 11 NCAA Division I National Championships (tied with the UCLA Bruins men's basketball team) and a women's record four in a row (2013–2016), plus over 40 conference regular season and tournament championships.", "Netball __knowledge__ Netball is a ball sport played by two teams of seven players.", "Netball __knowledge__ Its development, derived from early versions of basketball, began in England in the 1890s.", "Netball __knowledge__ By 1960, international playing rules had been standardised for the game, and the International Federation of Netball and Women's Basketball (later renamed the International Netball Federation (INF)) was formed.", "Netball __knowledge__ As of 2011, the INF comprises more than 60 national teams organized into five global regions.", "Netball __knowledge__ Games are played on a rectangular court with raised goal rings at each end.", "Netball __knowledge__ Each team attempts to score goals by passing a ball down the court and shooting it through its goal ring.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India is home to a diverse population playing many different sports across the country.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Football is a popular sport in some of the Indian states.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won all the Kabaddi World Cups to date.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ The country has won eight Olympic gold medals in field hockey.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ However, cricket is the most popular sport in India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Kabaddi, an indigenous sport is popular in rural India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Several games originated in India including chess, snooker and other regional games.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won medals in badminton, kabaddi, hockey and many other sports and disciplines.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Recently, different forms of martial arts have also gained a lot of prominence in India.", "Buda Castle __knowledge__ Buda Castle (, ) is the historical castle and palace complex of the Hungarian kings in Budapest.", "Buda Castle __knowledge__ It was first completed in 1265, but the massive Baroque palace today occupying most of the site was built between 1749 and 1769.", "Buda Castle __knowledge__ The complex in the past was referred to as either the Royal Palace () or the Royal Castle (, ).", "Buda Castle __knowledge__ Buda Castle sits on the south tip of Castle Hill, bounded on the north by what is known as the Castle District (), which is famous for medieval, Baroque and 19th-century houses, churches and public buildings.", "Buda Castle __knowledge__ The hill is linked to Clark Ádám Square and the Széchenyi Chain Bridge by the Castle Hill Funicular.", "Rules of netball __knowledge__ Netball is a ball sport for six teams of seven players; its rules are published in print and online by the International Netball Federation.", "Rules of netball __knowledge__ Games are played on a rectangular court divided into thirds, with a raised goal at each short end.", "Rules of netball __knowledge__ The objective of the game is for teams to score goals, by passing a ball and shooting it into the opposite team's goal ring.", "Rules of netball __knowledge__ Players are assigned \"positions\" that define their role within the team and restrict their movement on court.", "Rules of netball __knowledge__ During general play, a player with the ball can take no more than one step before passing it, and must pass the ball or shoot for goal within three seconds.", "History of tennis __knowledge__ The game that most people call 'tennis' is the direct descendant of what is now known as real tennis or royal tennis (which continues to be played today as a separate sport with more complex rules).", "History of tennis __knowledge__ Most rules of the game commonly known as tennis derive from it.", "History of tennis __knowledge__ It is reasonable to see both sports as variations of the same game.", "History of tennis __knowledge__ Most historians believe that tennis originated in the monastic cloisters in northern France in the 12th century, but the ball was then struck with the palm of the hand; hence, the name jeu de paume (\"game of the palm\").", "History of tennis __knowledge__ It was not until the 16th century that rackets came into use, and the game began to be called \"tennis.\"", "Architecture of Kerala __knowledge__ Kerala architecture is a kind of architectural style that is mostly found in Indian state of Kerala and all the architectural wonders of kerala stands out to be ultimate testmonials for the ancient vishwakarma sthapathis of kerala.", "Architecture of Kerala __knowledge__ Kerala's style of architecture is unique in India, in its striking contrast to Dravidian architecture which is normally practiced in other parts of South India.", "Architecture of Kerala __knowledge__ The architecture of Kerala has been influenced by Dravidian and Indian Vedic architectural science (Vastu Shastra) over two millennium.", "Architecture of Kerala __knowledge__ The Tantrasamuchaya, Thachu-Shastra, Manushyalaya-Chandrika and Silparatna are important architectural sciences, which have had a strong impact in Kerala Architecture style." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India is home to a diverse population playing many different sports across the country.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Football is a popular sport in some of the Indian states.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won all the Kabaddi World Cups to date.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ The country has won eight Olympic gold medals in field hockey.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ However, cricket is the most popular sport in India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Kabaddi, an indigenous sport is popular in rural India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Several games originated in India including chess, snooker and other regional games.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won medals in badminton, kabaddi, hockey and many other sports and disciplines.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Recently, different forms of martial arts have also gained a lot of prominence in India.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations.", "American football __knowledge__ American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada, and also known as gridiron football or simply gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense, which is the team controlling the oval-shaped football, attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball, while the defense, which is the team without control of the ball, aims to stop the offense's advance and aims to take control of the ball for themselves.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, and otherwise they turn over the football to the defense; if the offense succeeds in advancing ten yards or more, they are given a new set of four downs.", "Sport in Mexico __knowledge__ The most popular sport in Mexico is soccer, followed by boxing.", "Sport in Mexico __knowledge__ Baseball the most popular sport in the northwest and southeast regions, basketball, American football and bullfighting are also highly popular and appreciated.", "Sport in Mexico __knowledge__ Mexico City hosted the 1968 Summer Olympics – the first time the event was held in Latin America.", "Sport in Mexico __knowledge__ Since then the continental region hadn't held another edition of the Olympic Games until 2016, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "Sport in Mexico __knowledge__ Mexico first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900 and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since 1924.", "Sport in Mexico __knowledge__ Mexico has also participated in several Winter Olympic Games since 1928.", "Sport in Russia __knowledge__ The most popular sport in Russia is football According to Yandex search analysis results rating of the most popular sports among Russians: \"Football topped the list of the most popular sports in Russia\" with 5 to 10 million requests.", "Sport in Russia __knowledge__ Ice hockey came in second with handball, basketball, boxing, auto racing, volleyball, athletics, tennis and chess rounding out the top ten rankings.", "Sport in Russia __knowledge__ Other popular sports include bandy, biathlon, figure skating, weightlifting, gymnastics, wrestling, martial arts, rugby union, and skiing.", "Sport in Russia __knowledge__ The Soviet Union (USSR) competed in the Olympic Games for the first time at the 1952 Summer Olympics.", "Sport in Ireland __knowledge__ The many sports played and followed in Ireland include Gaelic games (mainly Gaelic football, hurling and camogie), horse racing, show jumping, greyhound racing, basketball, fishing, handball, motor sport, MMA, boxing, target shooting and tennis.", "Sport in Ireland __knowledge__ Hockey, golf, rowing, cricket, rugby union and Olympic target shooting are organised in an all-island basis, with a single team representing the whole of Ireland in international competitions.", "Sport in Ireland __knowledge__ Other sports, such as soccer and netball, have separate organizing bodies in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.", "Sport in Ireland __knowledge__ As Northern Ireland is a constitute nation of the United Kingdom it also sends a Northern Ireland Team to the Commonwealth Games.", "Sport in New Zealand __knowledge__ Sport in New Zealand largely reflects its British colonial heritage, with some of the most popular sports being rugby union, rugby league, cricket, football (soccer) basketball and netball which are primarily played in Commonwealth countries.", "Sport in New Zealand __knowledge__ New Zealand is a small nation but has enjoyed success in many sports, notably rugby union (considered the national sport), rugby league, cricket (considered the national summer sport), America's Cup sailing, world championship and Olympics events and motorsport and softball.", "Sport in New Zealand __knowledge__ Other popular sports include golf, hockey, tennis, cycling, rowing, and a variety of water sports, particularly sailing and surf sports.", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The Chicago Bulls are an American professional basketball team based in Chicago, Illinois.", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The Bulls compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Central Division.", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The team was founded on January 16, 1966.", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at the United Center, an arena shared with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The Bulls saw their greatest success during the 1990s, when they were responsible for popularizing the NBA worldwide.", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ They are known for having one of the NBA's greatest dynasties, winning six NBA championships between 1991 and 1998 with two three-peats.", "Scottie Pippen __knowledge__ Scottie Maurice Pippen (born September 25, 1965) is an American former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association.", "Scottie Pippen __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"Pip,\" he is most remembered for his time with the Chicago Bulls, the team with which he won six NBA titles.", "Scottie Pippen __knowledge__ Pippen, along with Michael Jordan, played an important role in transforming the Bulls team into a championship team and for popularizing the NBA around the world during the 1990s.", "Scottie Pippen __knowledge__ Considered one of the best small forwards of all time, Pippen was named to the NBA All-Defensive First Team eight consecutive times and the All-NBA First Team three times.", "History of the Miami Heat __knowledge__ The Miami Heat is an American professional basketball team based in Miami.", "History of the Miami Heat __knowledge__ The team was launched in 1988 and played in the 1988–89 season of the National Basketball Association.", "History of the Miami Heat __knowledge__ The next season they moved from the Western Conference to the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference.", "History of the Miami Heat __knowledge__ After a mainly mediocre performance in the first few seasons, there were extensive team changes in 1995 and 1996 under head coach Pat Riley, including the recruitment of Isaac Austin and P.J.", "History of the Miami Heat __knowledge__ Brown.", "History of the Miami Heat __knowledge__ They reached the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time in 1996–97.", "History of the Miami Heat __knowledge__ They did not reach this level again until 2004–05, under new head coach Stan Van Gundy and with Dwyane Wade as a leading team member.", "2014–15 Chicago Bulls season __knowledge__ The 2014–15 Chicago Bulls season was the franchise's 49th season in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and fifth under head coach Tom Thibodeau.", "2014–15 Chicago Bulls season __knowledge__ In the off-season, the Bulls let Carlos Boozer go and signed Pau Gasol.", "2014–15 Chicago Bulls season __knowledge__ Chicago had its first 50-win season since the 2011–12 season with a record of 50–32.", "2014–15 Chicago Bulls season __knowledge__ Seeded number three in the 2015 NBA Playoffs, the Bulls met the Milwaukee Bucks in the first round and defeated them, 4–2.", "2014–15 Chicago Bulls season __knowledge__ However, Chicago's season ended with a 2–4 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers in the Conference Semifinals.", "2014–15 Chicago Bulls season __knowledge__ On July 18, the Bulls signed 13-year veteran Pau Gasol and Real Madrid player Nikola Mirotić.", "1926 American Football League season __knowledge__ The 1926 American Football League season is the only season of the existence of the first American Football League.", "1926 American Football League season __knowledge__ It started with nine teams, with the initial game of the season being played in front of 22,000 fans in Cleveland, Ohio, but by the end of the season (December 14, 1926), only four teams were still in existence: three teams owned or subsidized by league founder C. C. Pyle and star Red Grange (New York Yankees, Los Angeles Wildcats, and Chicago Bulls) and league champion Philadelphia Quakers.", "1926 American Football League season __knowledge__ The initial lineup of teams included the traveling Wildcats and a charter member of the National Football League, the Rock Island Independents, which became a second traveling team after having poor attendance in its first three games.", "2010–11 Miami Heat season __knowledge__ The 2010–11 Miami Heat season was the 23rd season of the Miami Heat in the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "2010–11 Miami Heat season __knowledge__ In the regular season, the Heat finished first in the Southeast Division with 58–24 record, and made the NBA Playoffs for the 3rd consecutive year as the Eastern Conference's No.", "2010–11 Miami Heat season __knowledge__ 2 seed (behind the Chicago Bulls).", "2010–11 Miami Heat season __knowledge__ With the acquisition of free agents LeBron James and Chris Bosh in the off season, the Heat opened up the season with extraordinarily high expectations, with many expecting a championship in the first year of the new lineup, and with team stars Chris Bosh, Dwyane Wade and LeBron James predicting an NBA championship in their first season together.", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ The New York Knickerbockers, commonly referred to as the Knicks, are an American professional basketball team based in the New York City borough of Manhattan.", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ The Knicks compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference.", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden, located in the borough of Manhattan.", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ They are one of two NBA teams located in New York City; the other is the Brooklyn Nets.", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ The team, established by Ned Irish in 1946, was one of the founding members of the Basketball Association of America (BAA), which became the NBA after merging with the rival National Basketball League (NBL) in 1949." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ WYNY was the call sign of radio stations on three different FM frequencies in or around New York City.", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ The stations on the first two frequencies, 97.1 and 103.5, were closely related while the last one, 107.1 on an FM Quadcast, was not.", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ The WYNY call letters are popularly associated with country music radio stations in New York, although for the first ten years WYNY was an adult contemporary station.", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ This frequency had been WNBC-FM for many years.", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ For several years in the 1970s the station used the call letters, WNWS, and served as the flagship station of NBC Radio's all-news, News and Information Service.", "WWYY __knowledge__ WWYY is a United States class A radio station broadcasting on 107.1 FM.", "WWYY __knowledge__ The station is located in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, but is licensed to Belvidere, New Jersey and serves the Poconos and the Lehigh Valley.", "WWYY __knowledge__ The station is currently owned by Connoisseur Media, through licensee Connoisseur Media Licenses, LLC.", "WWYY __knowledge__ The station now airs an alternative rock format and is known as \"Spin Radio\" Its tagline is: \"The Valley's Alternative.\"", "WWYY __knowledge__ On October 15, 1992, WWYY began operation as WRNJ-FM under the co-ownership of Norman Worth and Larry Tighe, who still retain the callsignal WRNJ (formerly on 1000 kHz, now on 1510 kHz).", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ \"Big City Rodeo\" (stylized as \"BIG CITY RODEO\") is a song by Japanese boy band Generations from Exile Tribe, taken from their first greatest hits compilation \"Best Generations\" (2018).", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ It was released by Rhythm Zone on two physical formats, and for digital consumption.", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ The track was written by Amon Hayashi, composed by musicians Jay'ed and T.Kura, and produced by Exile Hiro and T.Kura.", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ Recording of the song was held at Prime Sound Studios in Shibuya, Tokyo, and was mixed by D.O.I.", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ at Daimonion Recordings.", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ Musically, \"Big City Rodeo\" is a dance number that is heavily influenced by electro house music, and lyrically focuses on a high lifestyle and luxury.", "Outcasts (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Outcasts is a 1987 twelve-issue limited series published in 1987 by American company DC Comics.", "Outcasts (DC Comics) __knowledge__ It was written by John Wagner and Alan Grant, and drawn by Cam Kennedy and Steve Montano.", "Outcasts (DC Comics) __knowledge__ The series takes place in the dystopian future: a bleak world ruled by mega-corporations and corrupt politicians that prey on the weak and poor members of society.", "Outcasts (DC Comics) __knowledge__ In this world, all manners of outrageous habits exists: Slaughterbowl (a hyper violent sport comparable to football) and government controlled euthanasia centers are among them.", "Outcasts (DC Comics) __knowledge__ The series begins with the city in an uproar due to the new law passed by corrupt city ruler, Boss Angel.", "Bright Lights, Big City (song) __knowledge__ \"Bright Lights, Big City\" is a classic blues song which was written and first recorded by American bluesman Jimmy Reed in 1961.", "Bright Lights, Big City (song) __knowledge__ Besides being \"an integral part of the standard blues repertoire\", \"Bright Lights, Big City\" has appealed to a variety of artists, including country and rock musicians, who have recorded their interpretations of the song.", "Bright Lights, Big City (song) __knowledge__ Called a \"textbook Jimmy and Mama Reed duet\", \"Bright Lights, Big City\" was a collaborative writing effort between Reed and his wife, Mary \"Mama\" Reed.", "Bright Lights, Big City (song) __knowledge__ It is a cautionary tale about urban life: The song has a traditional twelve-bar blues form in Reed's signature \"steady-rolling style\".", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Big City Rock was a pop rock band based in Los Angeles, California who were signed to Atlantic Records.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Their music type is self-described as \"energetic, anthemic pop\" with \"an uplifting sound\", with keyboards, guitar, and drums.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Due to shifts in the band's membership, the remaining members of the group created a new band called The Remainers.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Tim Resudek, Frank Staniszewski, Jeff Conrad and Nate Bott, who grew up together in Madison, Wisconsin started a ska-punk band in eighth grade named Stinkfish.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Bott, Conrad and Staniszewski later started another band, The Siren Six!, when they moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "Big City (Merle Haggard album) __knowledge__ Big City is the 33rd studio album by Merle Haggard, released in 1981.", "Big City (Merle Haggard album) __knowledge__ It was his debut on the Epic label after ending his association with MCA.", "Big City (Merle Haggard album) __knowledge__ \"Big City\" peaked at number three on the Billboard Country Album charts and number 161 on the Pop Album charts.", "Big City (Merle Haggard album) __knowledge__ It was an RIAA-certified Gold album.", "Big City (Merle Haggard album) __knowledge__ After five years at MCA Records, Haggard jumped to Epic in 1982, and the move appeared to spark his creativity; he wrote or co-wrote eight of the LP's twelve tracks, including its two #1 singles, \"Big City\" and \"My Favorite Memory.\"", "Big City (Merle Haggard album) __knowledge__ Haggard entered the studio with his band the Strangers and his mentor Lewis Talley and, in a two-day marathon recording session, produced enough songs for this release, plus Haggard’s 1982 LP, \"Going Where the Lonely Go\".", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The Chicago Bulls are an American professional basketball team based in Chicago, Illinois.", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The Bulls compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Central Division.", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The team was founded on January 16, 1966.", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at the United Center, an arena shared with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ The Bulls saw their greatest success during the 1990s, when they were responsible for popularizing the NBA worldwide.", "Chicago Bulls __knowledge__ They are known for having one of the NBA's greatest dynasties, winning six NBA championships between 1991 and 1998 with two three-peats.", "Scottie Pippen __knowledge__ Scottie Maurice Pippen (born September 25, 1965) is an American former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association.", "Scottie Pippen __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"Pip,\" he is most remembered for his time with the Chicago Bulls, the team with which he won six NBA titles.", "Scottie Pippen __knowledge__ Pippen, along with Michael Jordan, played an important role in transforming the Bulls team into a championship team and for popularizing the NBA around the world during the 1990s.", "Scottie Pippen __knowledge__ Considered one of the best small forwards of all time, Pippen was named to the NBA All-Defensive First Team eight consecutive times and the All-NBA First Team three times.", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ The New York Knickerbockers, commonly referred to as the Knicks, are an American professional basketball team based in the New York City borough of Manhattan.", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ The Knicks compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference.", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden, located in the borough of Manhattan.", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ They are one of two NBA teams located in New York City; the other is the Brooklyn Nets.", "New York Knicks __knowledge__ The team, established by Ned Irish in 1946, was one of the founding members of the Basketball Association of America (BAA), which became the NBA after merging with the rival National Basketball League (NBL) in 1949.", "History of the Miami Heat __knowledge__ The Miami Heat is an American professional basketball team based in Miami.", "History of the Miami Heat __knowledge__ The team was launched in 1988 and played in the 1988–89 season of the National Basketball Association.", "History of the Miami Heat __knowledge__ The next season they moved from the Western Conference to the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference.", "History of the Miami Heat __knowledge__ After a mainly mediocre performance in the first few seasons, there were extensive team changes in 1995 and 1996 under head coach Pat Riley, including the recruitment of Isaac Austin and P.J.", "History of the Miami Heat __knowledge__ Brown.", "History of the Miami Heat __knowledge__ They reached the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time in 1996–97.", "History of the Miami Heat __knowledge__ They did not reach this level again until 2004–05, under new head coach Stan Van Gundy and with Dwyane Wade as a leading team member.", "Michael Jordan __knowledge__ Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963), also known by his initials, MJ, is an American retired professional basketball player, businessman, and principal owner and chairman of the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "Michael Jordan __knowledge__ Jordan played 15 seasons in the NBA for the Chicago Bulls and Washington Wizards.", "Michael Jordan __knowledge__ His biography on the NBA website states: \"By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time.\"", "Michael Jordan __knowledge__ Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s.", "Philadelphia 76ers __knowledge__ The Philadelphia 76ers (also commonly known as the Sixers) are an American professional basketball team based in the Philadelphia metropolitan area.", "Philadelphia 76ers __knowledge__ The 76ers compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division and play at Wells Fargo Center.", "Philadelphia 76ers __knowledge__ Founded in 1946 and originally known as the Syracuse Nationals, they are one of the oldest franchises in the NBA, and one of only eight (out of 23) to survive the league's first decade.", "Philadelphia 76ers __knowledge__ The 76ers have had a rich history, with many of the greatest players in NBA history having played for the organization, including Wilt Chamberlain, Hal Greer, Billy Cunningham, Julius Erving, Moses Malone, Charles Barkley, and Allen Iverson.", "2014–15 Chicago Bulls season __knowledge__ The 2014–15 Chicago Bulls season was the franchise's 49th season in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and fifth under head coach Tom Thibodeau.", "2014–15 Chicago Bulls season __knowledge__ In the off-season, the Bulls let Carlos Boozer go and signed Pau Gasol.", "2014–15 Chicago Bulls season __knowledge__ Chicago had its first 50-win season since the 2011–12 season with a record of 50–32.", "2014–15 Chicago Bulls season __knowledge__ Seeded number three in the 2015 NBA Playoffs, the Bulls met the Milwaukee Bucks in the first round and defeated them, 4–2.", "2014–15 Chicago Bulls season __knowledge__ However, Chicago's season ended with a 2–4 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers in the Conference Semifinals.", "2014–15 Chicago Bulls season __knowledge__ On July 18, the Bulls signed 13-year veteran Pau Gasol and Real Madrid player Nikola Mirotić." ] ]

[ 1, 0, 45, 49 ]

[ "Basketball is my game.Its played on a rectangular court", "Chicago Bulls", "Chicago Bulls are an American professional basketball team based in Chicago, Illinois.", "Yes.The basketball team was founded on January 16, 1966." ]

[ "Basketball", "Basketball", "Basketball", "Basketball" ]

[ "Dating\nHave you ever dated? I like to date people I am attracted to.", "Dating has evolved over the years. Suitors used to leave calling cards for their paramours.", "I want to try speed dating, where a bunch of people are matched in a dark room and rotate every few minutes.", "Yes, and the hurt of rejection is low as you have many more opportunities to find a good match!", "The best way to avoid infidelity is to not get tied down in a relationship. Some people have many romantic partners." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating is a stage of romantic relationships in humans whereby two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the other's suitability as a prospective partner in an intimate relationship or marriage.", "Dating __knowledge__ It is a form of courtship, consisting of social activities done by the couple, either alone or with others.", "Dating __knowledge__ The protocols and practices of dating, and the terms used to describe it, vary considerably from country to country and over time.", "Dating __knowledge__ While the term has several meanings, the most frequent usage refers to two people exploring whether they are romantically or sexually compatible by participating in dates with the other.", "Dating __knowledge__ With the use of modern technology, people can date via telephone or computer or meet in person.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating may also involve two or more people who have already decided that they share romantic or sexual feelings toward each other.", "Dating __knowledge__ These people will have dates on a regular basis, and they may or may not be having sexual relations.", "Dating __knowledge__ This period of courtship is sometimes seen as a precursor to engagement.", "Dating __knowledge__ Some cultures require people to wait until a certain age to begin dating, which has been a source of controversy.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating as an institution is a relatively recent phenomenon which has mainly emerged in the last few centuries.", "Cher __knowledge__ Cher (; born Cherilyn Sarkisian; May 20, 1946) is an American singer and actress.", "Cher __knowledge__ Sometimes called the Goddess of Pop, she has been described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry.", "Cher __knowledge__ She is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in numerous areas of entertainment, as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her six-decade-long career.", "Cher __knowledge__ Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song \"I Got You Babe\" reached number one on the American and British charts.", "Cher __knowledge__ By the end of 1967, they had sold 40 million records worldwide and had become, according to \"Time\" magazine, rock's \"it\" couple.", "Xian (Taoism) __knowledge__ Xian () is a Chinese word for an enlightened person, translatable in English as: \"Xian\" semantically developed from meaning spiritual \"immortality; enlightenment\", to physical \"immortality; longevity\" involving methods such as alchemy, breath meditation, and tai chi, and eventually to legendary and figurative \"immortality\".", "Xian (Taoism) __knowledge__ The \"xian\" archetype is described by Victor H. Mair.", "Xian (Taoism) __knowledge__ They are immune to heat and cold, untouched by the elements, and can fly, mounting upward with a fluttering motion.", "Xian (Taoism) __knowledge__ They dwell apart from the chaotic world of man, subsist on air and dew, are not anxious like ordinary people, and have the smooth skin and innocent faces of children.", "History of Xinjiang __knowledge__ The recorded history of the area now known as Xinjiang dates to the 2nd millennium BC.", "History of Xinjiang __knowledge__ There have been many empires, primarily Han Chinese, Turkic, and Mongol, that have ruled over the region, including the Yuezhi, Xiongnu, Han dynasty, Gaochang, Kingdom of Khotan, Sixteen Kingdoms of the Jin dynasty (Former Liang, Former Qin, Later Liang, and Western Liang), Turkic Khaganate, Tang dynasty, Tibetan Empire, Uyghur Khaganate, Kara-Khanid Khanate, Kingdom of Qocho, Qara Khitai, Mongol Empire, Yuan dynasty, Chagatai Khanate, Yarkent Khanate, Dzungar Khanate, and Qing dynasty.", "History of Xinjiang __knowledge__ Xinjiang was previously known as \"Xiyu\" (西域), under the Han dynasty, which drove the Xiongnu empire out of the region in 60 BCE in an effort to secure the profitable Silk Road, but was renamed Xinjiang (新疆, meaning \"new frontier\") when the region was reconquered by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in 1759.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ \"Suits\" is an American legal drama created by Aaron Korsh and premiered on USA Network in June 2011.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ The series revolves around Harvey Specter (Gabriel Macht), a senior partner at a top law firm in Manhattan, and his recently hired associate attorney Mike Ross (Patrick J. Adams) as they hide the fact that Mike does not have a law degree.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ Each episode focuses on a single legal case and its challenges while examining the work environment of the firm, Mike's and Harvey's personal relationships, and problems stemming from Mike's lack of a degree.", "List of Suits characters __knowledge__ The rest of the starring cast portray other employees at the firm: Louis Litt (Rick Hoffman), Rachel Zane (Meghan Markle), a paralegal who develops feelings for Mike; Donna Paulsen (Sarah Rafferty), Harvey's long-time legal secretary, close friend, and confidant; and Jessica Pearson (Gina Torres), the co-founder and managing partner of the firm.", "List of Daria characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters featured in MTV's animated series \"Daria\" (1997–2002).", "List of Daria characters __knowledge__ Daria Morgendorffer (first appearance: Episode #1, \"Esteemsters\").", "List of Daria characters __knowledge__ Daria is voiced by Tracy Grandstaff.", "List of Daria characters __knowledge__ As the title character, Daria is present in every episode and central to almost every plot.", "List of Daria characters __knowledge__ Cynical, pessimistic and sardonic to a terminal degree, Daria's intellect and academic insight is often counterbalanced by her pronounced lack of motivation.", "List of Daria characters __knowledge__ Although Daria has been involved in school activities and social events, it usually takes bribery from her parents, threats upon her grades by Principal Li, or cajoling by either Jodie Landon (at school) or Jane Lane (in social situations) to enlist her participation.", "List of minor Angel characters __knowledge__ This article features minor fictional characters who appear as guest stars on the cult television program \"Angel\", ordered alphabetically.", "List of minor Angel characters __knowledge__ For the show's main characters, please see the article list of \"Angel\" characters.", "List of minor Angel characters __knowledge__ Alonna Gunn (played by Michele Kelly) was the sister of Charles Gunn, and the most important person in his life.", "List of minor Angel characters __knowledge__ The siblings took care of each other while growing up in the \"Badlands\" (a fictional neighborhood in Los Angeles).", "List of minor Angel characters __knowledge__ Alonna was turned into a vampire in her first appearance (\"War Zone\").", "List of minor Angel characters __knowledge__ Gunn eventually found Alonna as a vampire and confronted her, but was ultimately forced to stake her with Angel looking on.", "Bahá'u'lláh __knowledge__ Bahá'u'lláh (; , \"Glory of God\"; 12 November 1817 – 29 May 1892 and Muharram 2, 1233 - Dhu'l Qa'dah 2, 1309), born Mírzá Ḥusayn-`Alí Núrí (), was the founder of the Bahá'í Faith.", "Bahá'u'lláh __knowledge__ He claimed to be the prophetic fulfilment of Bábism, a 19th-century outgrowth of Shaykhism, and, in a broader sense to be a Manifestation of God.", "Bahá'u'lláh __knowledge__ He also claimed he was the fulfillment of the eschatological expectations of Islam, Christianity, and other major religions.", "Bahá'u'lláh __knowledge__ Bahá'u'lláh became a follower of the Báb in Persia in 1845.", "Bahá'u'lláh __knowledge__ Three years after the Báb was executed, he was exiled to Baghdad (then a part of the Ottoman Empire), where in 1863 he proclaimed the Bahá'í Faith when he declared himself \"He whom God shall make manifest\", a messianic figure in Babi theology." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating is a stage of romantic relationships in humans whereby two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the other's suitability as a prospective partner in an intimate relationship or marriage.", "Dating __knowledge__ It is a form of courtship, consisting of social activities done by the couple, either alone or with others.", "Dating __knowledge__ The protocols and practices of dating, and the terms used to describe it, vary considerably from country to country and over time.", "Dating __knowledge__ While the term has several meanings, the most frequent usage refers to two people exploring whether they are romantically or sexually compatible by participating in dates with the other.", "Dating __knowledge__ With the use of modern technology, people can date via telephone or computer or meet in person.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating may also involve two or more people who have already decided that they share romantic or sexual feelings toward each other.", "Dating __knowledge__ These people will have dates on a regular basis, and they may or may not be having sexual relations.", "Dating __knowledge__ This period of courtship is sometimes seen as a precursor to engagement.", "Dating __knowledge__ Some cultures require people to wait until a certain age to begin dating, which has been a source of controversy.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating as an institution is a relatively recent phenomenon which has mainly emerged in the last few centuries.", "Telephone card __knowledge__ A telephone card, calling card or phonecard for short, is a credit card size plastic or paper card, used to pay for telephone services (often international or long distance calling).", "Telephone card __knowledge__ It is not necessary to have the physical card except with a stored-value system; knowledge of the access telephone number to dial and the PIN is sufficient.", "Telephone card __knowledge__ Standard cards which can be purchased and used without any sort of account facility give a fixed amount of credit and are discarded when used up; rechargeable cards can be topped up, or collect payment in arrears.", "Telephone card __knowledge__ The system for payment and the way in which the card is used to place a telephone call vary from card to card.", "Lycamobile __knowledge__ Lycamobile is a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) operating in 23 countries worldwide.", "Lycamobile __knowledge__ The bulk of Lycamobile revenue is claimed to be generated from Lycamobile's SIM products.", "Lycamobile __knowledge__ Lycatel, also a part of Lyca Group, serves its growing base of customers within expatriate and ethnic global niche segments that want to make international calls.", "Lycamobile __knowledge__ Lycamobile sells international pay-as-you-go SIM cards to consumers wanting to make international telephone calls.", "Lycamobile __knowledge__ An MVNO leases radio frequency from mobile phone network operators and it forms partnerships with the operators in each country it serves.", "Lycamobile __knowledge__ Lycamobile has also developed distinct business structures such as MVNA arrangements in different countries.", "Rechargeable calling card __knowledge__ A rechargeable calling card is a type of telephone card that the user can \"recharge\" or \"top up\" by adding money when the balance gets below a nominated amount.", "Rechargeable calling card __knowledge__ In reality the rechargeable calling card is a specialised form of a prepaid or debit account.", "Rechargeable calling card __knowledge__ To use the phonecard, the user would call an access number (which is usually a toll-free telephone number), enter the \"card number\" (also called the PIN) and then dial the desired telephone number.", "Rechargeable calling card __knowledge__ The user could add value to the card at the same time as making a call.", "Rechargeable calling card __knowledge__ When traveling, the user has a list of access numbers for various countries, enabling them to call from any phone in most countries and be able to top-up the card.", "Payphone __knowledge__ A payphone (alternative spelling: pay phone) is typically a coin-operated public telephone, often located in a telephone booth or a privacy hood, with pre-payment by inserting money (usually coins) or by billing a credit or debit card, or a telephone card.", "Payphone __knowledge__ Prepaid calling cards also facilitate establishing a call by first calling the provided toll-free telephone number, entering the card account number and PIN, then the desired connection telephone number.", "Payphone __knowledge__ An equipment usage fee may be charged as additional units, minutes or tariff fee to the collect/third-party, debit, credit, telephone or prepaid calling card when used at payphones.", "Stored-value card __knowledge__ A stored-value card is a payments card with a monetary value stored on the card itself, not in an external account maintained by a financial institution.", "Stored-value card __knowledge__ Stored-value cards differ from debit cards, where money is on deposit with the issuer, and credit cards which are subject to credit limits set by the issuer.", "Stored-value card __knowledge__ Another difference between stored-value cards and debit and credit cards is that debit and credit cards are usually issued in the name of individual account holders, while stored-value cards may be anonymous, as in the case of gift cards.", "Stored-value card __knowledge__ Stored-value cards are prepaid money cards and may be disposed when the value is used, or the card value may be topped up, as in the case of telephone calling cards or when used as a fare card.", "Catalogue of Women __knowledge__ The Catalogue of Women (, \"Gynaikôn Katálogos\") — also known as the Ehoiai (, ) — is a fragmentary Greek epic poem that was attributed to Hesiod during Archaic Greece.", "Catalogue of Women __knowledge__ The \"women\" of the title were in fact heroines, many of whom lay with gods, bearing the heroes of Greek mythology to both divine and mortal paramours.", "Catalogue of Women __knowledge__ In contrast with the focus upon narrative in the Homeric \"Iliad\" and \"Odyssey\", the \"Catalogue\" was structured around a vast system of genealogies stemming from these unions and, in M.L.", "Catalogue of Women __knowledge__ West's appraisal, covered \"the whole of the heroic age.\"", "Catalogue of Women __knowledge__ Through the course of the poem's five books, these family trees were embellished with stories involving many of their members, and so the poem amounted to a compendium of heroic mythology in much the same way that the Hesiodic \"Theogony\" presents a systematic account of the Greek pantheon built upon divine genealogies.", "The Righteous Brothers __knowledge__ The Righteous Brothers is an American musical duo of Bill Medley and (formerly) Bobby Hatfield.", "The Righteous Brothers __knowledge__ They began performing together in 1962 in the Los Angeles area as part of a five-member group called The Paramours, but adopted the name \"The Righteous Brothers\" when they embarked on their recording career as a duo.", "The Righteous Brothers __knowledge__ Their most active recording period was in the 1960s and 70s, and although the duo was inactive for some years, Hatfield and Medley reunited in 1981 and continued to perform until Hatfield's death in 2003.", "The Righteous Brothers __knowledge__ Their emotive vocal style is sometimes dubbed \"blue-eyed soul\".", "The Righteous Brothers __knowledge__ Hatfield and Medley have contrasting vocal range that helped them create a distinctive sound as a duet, but also strong vocal talent individually that allowed them to perform as soloists.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating is a stage of romantic relationships in humans whereby two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the other's suitability as a prospective partner in an intimate relationship or marriage.", "Dating __knowledge__ It is a form of courtship, consisting of social activities done by the couple, either alone or with others.", "Dating __knowledge__ The protocols and practices of dating, and the terms used to describe it, vary considerably from country to country and over time.", "Dating __knowledge__ While the term has several meanings, the most frequent usage refers to two people exploring whether they are romantically or sexually compatible by participating in dates with the other.", "Dating __knowledge__ With the use of modern technology, people can date via telephone or computer or meet in person.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating may also involve two or more people who have already decided that they share romantic or sexual feelings toward each other.", "Dating __knowledge__ These people will have dates on a regular basis, and they may or may not be having sexual relations.", "Dating __knowledge__ This period of courtship is sometimes seen as a precursor to engagement.", "Dating __knowledge__ Some cultures require people to wait until a certain age to begin dating, which has been a source of controversy.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating as an institution is a relatively recent phenomenon which has mainly emerged in the last few centuries.", "Speed dating __knowledge__ Speed dating is a formalized matchmaking process whose purpose is to encourage eligible singles to meet large numbers of new potential partners in a very short period of time.", "Speed dating __knowledge__ It was created in 1998 by Antony Beilinsohn (a Los Angeles based television executive) after his Rabbi, Yaacov Deyo, encouraged Antony to conceive of innovative new ways for eligible jewish to meet and marry.", "Speed dating __knowledge__ SpeedDating, as a single word, is a registered trademark of Aish HaTorah.", "Speed dating __knowledge__ \"Speed dating\", as two separate words, is often used as a generic term for similar events.", "Speed dating __knowledge__ The first speed-dating event took place at Peet’s Café in Beverly Hills in late 1998.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ \"Hollyoaks\" is a British television soap opera that was first broadcast on 23 October 1995.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appeared in the serial in 2015, by order of first appearance.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ All characters were introduced by executive producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Dylan Jenkins (James Fletcher) – the estranged son of established character Trevor Royle (Greg Wood), who made his first appearance in early January.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2015) __knowledge__ Shortly following, in late January, was the younger sister of Porsche (Twinnie Lee Moore) and Celine McQueen (Sarah George), Cleo (Nadine Rose Mulkerrin).", "Professionals in the City __knowledge__ Professionals in the City (PNC) a socializing and networking organization based in Washington, DC, with branches in New York City, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston.", "Professionals in the City __knowledge__ PNC has more than 200,000 members and hosts more than 1,000 events a year.", "Professionals in the City __knowledge__ On December 31, 2006, the Washington Post published a cover story about Professionals in the City hosting New Year's Eve Galas at both the French Embassy and the Washington Plaza Hotel on the same night.", "Professionals in the City __knowledge__ On December 31, 2007, Professionals in the City hosted the farewell party for the historic Hotel Washington, Washington, D.C.'s oldest continuously operated hotel, the hotel located across the street from the White House.", "Michael Karlan __knowledge__ Michael Karlan (born January 8, 1968) is a former attorney, now a party planner and founder and president of Professionals in the City.", "Michael Karlan __knowledge__ Prior to forming his business, Karlan worked as an attorney, first with Covington & Burling and then with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).", "Michael Karlan __knowledge__ While at the IRS, Karlan was drafter of federal regulations relating to 401(k) plans.", "Michael Karlan __knowledge__ Karlan's published works as an attorney include \"Differences in Treatment of Employees and Independent Contractors Under Selected State and Federal Statutes,\" 1998 American Bar Association Section of Taxation Mid-Year Meeting (with Kurt L.P. Lawson) and \"Cash or Deferred Arrangements, Matching Contributions, and Employee Contributions,\" 1998 Annual American Law Institute-American Bar Association Conference (with Mary Oppenheimer).", "Speed networking __knowledge__ Speed networking (or speed business meeting) is a meeting format designed to accelerate business contacts, generally with a bell.", "Speed networking __knowledge__ Primarily, the practice involves multiple people that gather in a single space in order to exchange information.", "Speed networking __knowledge__ Participants greet each other in a series of brief exchanges during a set period of time.", "Speed networking __knowledge__ During an interaction, attendees share their professional backgrounds and business goals.", "Speed networking __knowledge__ Networkers are generally seeking exposure to new markets and/or to expand their pool of vendors.", "Speed networking __knowledge__ Speed networking is often referenced as a derivative of speed dating, the round-robin approach to meeting potential suitors first developed by Rabbi Yaacov Deyo in the late 1990s.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ Willow Bunch is a small community located in south central Saskatchewan, Canada, southwest of the provincial capital of Regina.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The population was 286 at the 2011 census.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ Previous names for Willow Bunch have been \"Hart-Rouge\" and \"Talle-de-Saules\".", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The area has seen influences from Métis and Fransaskois.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ About 19 kilometres north-west of Willow Bunch is one of Saskatchewan’s biggest archaeological mysteries.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The St. Victors Petroglyph site is a provincial park that is host to over 300 rock carvings.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The carvings are located on a sandstone cliff that is elevated at 950m.", "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan __knowledge__ The uniqueness of the plateau is characterized by being only one of five sites in Canada where petroglyphs are on a horizontal structure of a rock.", "BMX racing __knowledge__ BMX racing is a type of off-road bicycle racing.", "BMX racing __knowledge__ The format of BMX was derived from motocross racing.", "BMX racing __knowledge__ BMX bicycle races are sprint races on purpose-built off-road single-lap race tracks.", "BMX racing __knowledge__ The track usually consists of a starting gate for up to eight racers, a groomed, serpentine, dirt race course made of various jumps and rollers and a finish line.", "BMX racing __knowledge__ The course is usually flat, about wide and has large banked corners that help the riders maintain speed.", "BMX racing __knowledge__ The sport of BMX racing is facilitated by a number of regional and international sanctioning bodies.", "BMX racing __knowledge__ They provide rules for sanctioning the conduct of the flying, specify age group and skill-level classifications among the racers, and maintain some kind of points-accumulation system over the racing season.", "Misrepresentation in English law __knowledge__ Misrepresentation in English contract law and English tort law refers to a situation where a person is induced to enter into a contract entirely or partly by a false assertion (of fact, not opinion or intention) made by the other contracting party.", "Misrepresentation in English law __knowledge__ Claims that can be described as sales talk, such as advertising slogans, are not misrepresentations.", "Misrepresentation in English law __knowledge__ If a misrepresentation is incorporated as a term of the contract, it may form the basis of an action for breach of contract, and contractual remedies.", "Misrepresentation in English law __knowledge__ If not, the misrepresentee (the party influenced by the misrepresentation of the other party) may be able to rescind (withdraw from) the contract or obtain damages.", "Alevism __knowledge__ Alevism (; or /Alevileri, also called Qizilbash, or \"Shī‘ah Imāmī-Tasawwufī Ṭarīqah\", or \"Shīʿah-ī Bāṭen’īyyah\") is a syncretic, heterodox, and local tradition, whose adherents follow the mystical (\"bāṭenī\") views on Ali and the Twelve Imams.", "Alevism __knowledge__ The Bektashi sect follow the teachings of their descendant —the 13th century Alevi saint Haji Bektash Veli.", "Alevism __knowledge__ Alevis are found primarily in Turkey among ethnic Turks and Kurds, and make up between 10-25% of Turkey's population, the largest belief after Sunni Islam.", "Alevism __knowledge__ Alevis simply call themselves Believers but use an extensive Islamic vocabulary usually with significantly different meanings from the way such words are used in Sunnism.", "Rodeo __knowledge__ Rodeo ( or ) is a competitive sport that arose out of the working practices of cattle herding in Spain, Mexico, and later Central America, the United States, Canada, South America, Australia and New Zealand.", "Rodeo __knowledge__ It was based on the skills required of the working vaqueros and later, cowboys, in what today is the western United States, western Canada, and northern Mexico.", "Rodeo __knowledge__ Today it is a sporting event that involves horses and other livestock, designed to test the skill and speed of the cowboys and cowgirls.", "Rodeo __knowledge__ American style professional rodeos generally comprise the following events: tie-down roping, team roping, steer wrestling, saddle bronc riding, bareback bronc riding, bull riding and barrel racing.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Field hockey is a team sport of the hockey family.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The earliest origins of the game date back to the Middle Ages in England, Scotland, France and the Netherlands.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The game can be played on a grass field, turf field or synthetic field as well as an indoor board surface.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Each team plays with eleven players, including the goalie.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ Players use sticks made out of wood, carbon fibre, fibre glass or a combination of carbon fibre and fibre glass in different quantities (with the higher carbon fibre stick being more expensive and less likely to break) to hit a round, hard, plastic ball.", "Field hockey __knowledge__ The length of the stick depends on the player's individual height.", "Mixed martial arts __knowledge__ Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a full-contact combat sport that allows both striking and grappling, both standing and on the ground, using techniques from other combat sports and martial arts.", "Mixed martial arts __knowledge__ The first documented use of the term \"mixed martial arts\" was in a review of UFC 1 by television critic Howard Rosenberg in 1993.", "Mixed martial arts __knowledge__ The term gained popularity when newfullcontact.com, then one of the largest websites covering the sport, hosted and republished the article.", "Mixed martial arts __knowledge__ The question of who actually coined the term is subject to debate.", "Mixed martial arts __knowledge__ During the early 20th century, various mixed-style contests took place throughout Japan, Taiwan and in the countries of the Four Asian Tigers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating is a stage of romantic relationships in humans whereby two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the other's suitability as a prospective partner in an intimate relationship or marriage.", "Dating __knowledge__ It is a form of courtship, consisting of social activities done by the couple, either alone or with others.", "Dating __knowledge__ The protocols and practices of dating, and the terms used to describe it, vary considerably from country to country and over time.", "Dating __knowledge__ While the term has several meanings, the most frequent usage refers to two people exploring whether they are romantically or sexually compatible by participating in dates with the other.", "Dating __knowledge__ With the use of modern technology, people can date via telephone or computer or meet in person.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating may also involve two or more people who have already decided that they share romantic or sexual feelings toward each other.", "Dating __knowledge__ These people will have dates on a regular basis, and they may or may not be having sexual relations.", "Dating __knowledge__ This period of courtship is sometimes seen as a precursor to engagement.", "Dating __knowledge__ Some cultures require people to wait until a certain age to begin dating, which has been a source of controversy.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating as an institution is a relatively recent phenomenon which has mainly emerged in the last few centuries.", "Social rejection __knowledge__ Social rejection occurs when an individual is deliberately excluded from a social relationship or social interaction.", "Social rejection __knowledge__ The topic includes \"interpersonal rejection\" (or peer rejection), \"romantic rejection\" and \"familial estrangement\".", "Social rejection __knowledge__ A person can be rejected by individuals or an entire group of people.", "Social rejection __knowledge__ Furthermore, rejection can be either \"active\", by bullying, teasing, or ridiculing, or \"passive\", by ignoring a person, or giving the \"silent treatment\".", "Social rejection __knowledge__ The experience of being rejected is subjective for the recipient, and it can be perceived when it is not actually present.", "Social rejection __knowledge__ The word ostracism is often used for the process (in Ancient Greece ostracism was voting into temporary exile).", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "Marcos Baghdatis __knowledge__ Marcos Baghdatis (; , born 17 June 1985) is a Cypriot professional tennis player.", "Marcos Baghdatis __knowledge__ He was the runner-up at the 2006 Australian Open and a semifinalist at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships and reached a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No.", "Marcos Baghdatis __knowledge__ 8 in August 2006.", "Marcos Baghdatis __knowledge__ Baghdatis was born in Paramytha, Cyprus to a Lebanese father, Christos, and a Greek Cypriot mother, Androula.", "Marcos Baghdatis __knowledge__ He has two brothers, Petros and Marinos, and a sister, Zena, who was adopted by his family at just 6 months old.", "Marcos Baghdatis __knowledge__ His father, a native Lebanese who follows Greek Orthodox Christianity, emigrated to Cyprus from Lebanon and owns a clothes shop.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The Doctor is the title character in the long-running BBC science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\".", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ Since the show's inception in 1963, the character has been portrayed by twelve lead actors.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ In the programme, \"the Doctor\" is the alias assumed by a centuries-old alien—a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey—who travels through space and time in the TARDIS, frequently with companions.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The transition to each succeeding actor is explained within the show's narrative through the plot device of \"regeneration\", a biological function of the Time Lord race that allows a change of cellular structure and appearance with recovery following a potentially fatal injury.", "Dipole antenna __knowledge__ In radio and telecommunications a dipole antenna or doublet is the simplest and most widely used class of antenna.", "Dipole antenna __knowledge__ The dipole is any one of a class of antennas producing a radiation pattern approximating that of an elementary electric dipole with a radiating structure supporting a line current so energized that the current has only one node at each end.", "Dipole antenna __knowledge__ A dipole antenna commonly consists of two identical conductive elements such as metal wires or rods, which are usually bilaterally symmetrical.", "Dipole antenna __knowledge__ The driving current from the transmitter is applied, or for receiving antennas the output signal to the receiver is taken, between the two halves of the antenna.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's 2,675 schools.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Generally, the college search begins in the student's eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Millions of high school students apply to college each year.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ Infidelity (synonyms include: cheating, adultery (when married), netorare (NTR), being unfaithful, or having an affair) is a violation of a couple's assumed or stated contract regarding emotional and/or sexual exclusivity.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ Other scholars define infidelity as a violation according to the subjective feeling that one's partner has violated a set of rules or relationship norms; this violation results in feelings of sexual jealousy and rivalry.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ What constitutes an act of infidelity depends upon the exclusivity expectations within the relationship.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ In marital relationships, exclusivity expectations are commonly assumed although they are not always met.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the comedy-drama television series \"Gilmore Girls\".", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ Lorelai Victoria Gilmore, played by Lauren Graham, is the only daughter of Richard and Emily Gilmore.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She is the mother of Lorelai \"Rory\" Leigh Gilmore.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She became pregnant at the age of 16 but refused to marry Christopher Hayden, Rory's father, because she felt that a marriage at such a young age would not work out.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ Instead, she ran away to the town of Stars Hollow, which is half an hour away from Hartford.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ In Stars Hollow, she meets Mia, the owner of the Independence Inn.", "List of Gilmore Girls characters __knowledge__ She begs Mia to hire her though she has no experience of any kind.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ \"30 Rock\" is an American television comedy series created by Tina Fey, which aired on NBC.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series takes place behind the scenes of a fictional live sketch comedy series, also airing on NBC; the name \"30 Rock\" refers to the address of the GE Building, where NBC Studios is located (30 Rockefeller Plaza).", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series has an ensemble cast consisting of 14 regular cast members: Tina Fey, Alec Baldwin, Tracy Morgan, Jane Krakowski, Jack McBrayer, Scott Adsit, Judah Friedlander, Katrina Bowden, Keith Powell, Lonny Ross, John Lutz, Kevin Brown, Grizz Chapman, and Maulik Pancholy.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series features seven characters appearing during the opening credits: There are another seven characters not appearing during the opening credits but also receiving star billing.", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ \"Holby City\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 12 January 1999 on BBC One.", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ The series was created by Tony McHale and Mal Young as a spin-off from the established BBC medical drama \"Casualty\".", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ It is set in the same hospital as \"Casualty\", Holby General, in the fictional city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with both \"Casualty\" (in episodes broadcast as \"Casualty@Holby City\") and the show's 2007 police procedural spin-off \"HolbyBlue\".", "Characters of Holby City __knowledge__ \"Holby City\" follows the professional and personal lives of surgeons, nurses, other medical and ancillary staff and patients at Holby General." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating is a stage of romantic relationships in humans whereby two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the other's suitability as a prospective partner in an intimate relationship or marriage.", "Dating __knowledge__ It is a form of courtship, consisting of social activities done by the couple, either alone or with others.", "Dating __knowledge__ The protocols and practices of dating, and the terms used to describe it, vary considerably from country to country and over time.", "Dating __knowledge__ While the term has several meanings, the most frequent usage refers to two people exploring whether they are romantically or sexually compatible by participating in dates with the other.", "Dating __knowledge__ With the use of modern technology, people can date via telephone or computer or meet in person.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating may also involve two or more people who have already decided that they share romantic or sexual feelings toward each other.", "Dating __knowledge__ These people will have dates on a regular basis, and they may or may not be having sexual relations.", "Dating __knowledge__ This period of courtship is sometimes seen as a precursor to engagement.", "Dating __knowledge__ Some cultures require people to wait until a certain age to begin dating, which has been a source of controversy.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating as an institution is a relatively recent phenomenon which has mainly emerged in the last few centuries.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ Infidelity (synonyms include: cheating, adultery (when married), netorare (NTR), being unfaithful, or having an affair) is a violation of a couple's assumed or stated contract regarding emotional and/or sexual exclusivity.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ Other scholars define infidelity as a violation according to the subjective feeling that one's partner has violated a set of rules or relationship norms; this violation results in feelings of sexual jealousy and rivalry.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ What constitutes an act of infidelity depends upon the exclusivity expectations within the relationship.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ In marital relationships, exclusivity expectations are commonly assumed although they are not always met.", "Relational transgression __knowledge__ Relational transgressions occur when people violate implicit or explicit relational rules.", "Relational transgression __knowledge__ These transgressions include a wide variety of behaviors.", "Relational transgression __knowledge__ Scholars tend to delineate relational transgressions into three categories or approaches.", "Relational transgression __knowledge__ The first approach focuses on the aspect of certain behaviors as a violation of relational norms and rules.", "Relational transgression __knowledge__ The second approach focuses on the interpretive consequences of certain behaviors, particularly the degree to which they hurt the victim, imply disregard for the victim, and imply disregard for the relationship.", "Relational transgression __knowledge__ The third and final approach focuses more specifically on behaviors that constitute infidelity (a common form of relational transgression).", "Relationships for incarcerated individuals __knowledge__ Incarcerated individuals' relationships are the familial and romantic relations of individuals in prisons or jails.", "Relationships for incarcerated individuals __knowledge__ Although the population of incarcerated men and women continues to increase, there is little research on the effects of incarceration on inmates' social worlds.", "Relationships for incarcerated individuals __knowledge__ However, it has been demonstrated that inmate's relationships play a seminal role in their well-being both during and after incarceration, making such research important in improving their overall health, and lowering rates of recidivism.", "Relationships for incarcerated individuals __knowledge__ In an effort to ameliorate life in prison, inmates will often utilize different methods of social support.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information between two or more people.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ It is also an area of study and research that seeks to understand how humans use verbal and nonverbal cues to accomplish a number of personal and relational goals.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ Generally, interpersonal communication research has contributed to at least six distinct categories of inquiry: 1) how humans adjust and adapt their verbal and nonverbal communication during face-to-face communication, 2) the processes of message production, 3) how uncertainty influences our behavior and information-management strategies, 4) deceptive communication, 5) relational dialectics, and 6) social interaction that is mediated by technology.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Lumières __knowledge__ The Lumières (literally in English: \"Enlighteners\") was a cultural, philosophical, literary and intellectual movement of the second half of the 18th century, originating in France and spreading throughout Europe.", "Lumières __knowledge__ It included philosophers such as Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, Pierre Bayle and Isaac Newton.", "Lumières __knowledge__ Over time it came to mean the , in English the Age of Enlightenment.", "Lumières __knowledge__ Members of the movement saw themselves as a progressive élite, and battled against religious and political persecution, fighting against what they saw as the irrationality, arbitrariness, obscurantism and superstition of the previous centuries.", "Expectancy violations theory __knowledge__ Expectancy violations theory (EVT) is a theory of communication that analyzes how individuals respond to unanticipated violations of social norms and expectations.", "Expectancy violations theory __knowledge__ The theory was proposed by Judee K. Burgoon in the late 1970s and continued through the 1980s and 1990s as \"nonverbal expectancy violations theory\", based on Burgoon's research studying proxemics.", "Expectancy violations theory __knowledge__ Burgoon's work initially analyzed individuals' allowances and expectations of personal distance and how responses to personal distance violations were influenced by the level of liking and relationship to the violators.", "Expectancy violations theory __knowledge__ The theory was later changed to its current name when other researchers began to focus on violations of social behavior expectations beyond nonverbal communication.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ Sexuality in ancient Rome, and more broadly, \"sexual attitudes and behaviors in ancient Rome,\" are indicated by Roman art, literature and inscriptions, and to a lesser extent by archaeological remains such as erotic artifacts and architecture.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ It has sometimes been assumed that \"unlimited sexual license\" was characteristic of ancient Rome; Verstraete and Provençal express the opinion that this perspective was simply a Christian interpretation: \"The sexuality of the Romans has never had good press in the West ever since the rise of Christianity.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ In the popular imagination and culture, it is synonymous with sexual license and abuse.\"", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of recurring Entourage characters __knowledge__ This is the list of major and minor recurring characters in the HBO comedy-drama television series \"Entourage\".", "List of recurring Entourage characters __knowledge__ This list focuses on the characters themselves whether they are real people or fictional characters.", "List of recurring Entourage characters __knowledge__ For the complete list of celebrity appearances and cameos see the List of celebrities appearing on Entourage.", "List of recurring Entourage characters __knowledge__ Characters with links indicate the actual actor/actress in the role.", "List of recurring Entourage characters __knowledge__ A gay Mongolian-American with an art history degree from Sarah Lawrence College and MBA from Stanford Business School, Lloyd first appeared in the second season as Ari's assistant.", "List of recurring Entourage characters __knowledge__ Unlike with Ari's previous assistants, he is able to endure his boss' frequent barbs at his sexual orientation and ethnicity." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 1, 48, 25 ]

[ "I have, it's like courtship, being able to do social things with someone and getting to know them. That's important if you're looking to get married one day.", "That's true, there are also different rules and practices of dating depending on the country you're in.", "That would be a quick way to meet multiple people to begin dating, maybe even start a romantic relationship by assessing their suitability for you.", "And you might even be able to avoid infidelity down the road. There's no need to feel violated by the boundaries of a relationship you get in.", "Or to have great interpersonal communication with your partner. Making sure there is always an exchange of information between the two." ]

[ "Dating", "Dating", "Dating", "Dating", "Dating" ]

[ "One Direction\nI am actually a real big fan of the band One Direction", "Yes they are. They were originally on xfactor, but never actually won the show. Yet they still became extremely popular.", "Oh really, I did not know that. Are there any French music artists of which you are a fan?", "That is very interesting. It seems as though the French have been big producers of music throughout history, yet the only French artist I listen to is David Guetta!", "I must search them as it probably has quite a few tracks that I would enjoy" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "One Direction __knowledge__ One Direction (commonly abbreviated as 1D) are an English-Irish pop boy band based in London, composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles, Louis Tomlinson, and Zayn Malik until the latter's departure on 25 March 2015.", "One Direction __knowledge__ The group signed with Simon Cowell's record label Syco Records after forming and finishing third in the seventh series of the British televised singing competition \"The X Factor\" in 2010.", "One Direction __knowledge__ Propelled to international success by social media, One Direction's five albums, \"Up All Night\" (2011), \"Take Me Home\" (2012), \"Midnight Memories\" (2013), \"Four\" (2014), and \"Made in the A.M.\" (2015), topped charts in most major markets, and generated hit singles including \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"Live While We're Young\", \"Little Things\", \"Best Song Ever\", \"Story of My Life\", \"Drag Me Down\" and \"Perfect\".", "One Direction __knowledge__ Their awards include six Brit Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, eleven MTV Europe Music Awards, seven American Music Awards (including Artist of the Year in 2014 and 2015), and 28 Teen Choice Awards, among many others.", "One Direction __knowledge__ According to Nick Gatfield, the chairman and chief executive of Sony Music Entertainment UK, One Direction represented a $50 million business empire by June 2012.", "Up All Night Tour __knowledge__ The Up All Night Tour was the first headlining concert tour by English-Irish boy band One Direction, showcasing their debut album, \"Up All Night\" (2011).", "Up All Night Tour __knowledge__ It began in December 2011 and was One Direction's first solo tour after being formed in the seventh series of \"The X Factor\" and being signed to Syco Records.", "Up All Night Tour __knowledge__ The concert tour was announced in September 2011, with the initial British and Irish dates being revealed.", "Up All Night Tour __knowledge__ The concert tour was managed by Modest!", "Up All Night Tour __knowledge__ Management, the shows were backed by a five-piece musical band, and the creative assessments were handled by Caroline Watson and Lou Teasdale, among others.", "What Makes You Beautiful __knowledge__ \"What Makes You Beautiful\" is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction.", "What Makes You Beautiful __knowledge__ It served as their debut single and lead single from their debut studio album, \"Up All Night\" (2011).", "What Makes You Beautiful __knowledge__ Written by Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub, the song was released by Syco Records on 11 September 2011.", "What Makes You Beautiful __knowledge__ The uptempo power pop track features a prominent guitar-based chorus and riff.", "What Makes You Beautiful __knowledge__ The middle eight consists of a \"na na na\" hook while the opening guitar riff interpolates The McCoys's 1965 single \"Hang on Sloopy\".", "What Makes You Beautiful __knowledge__ \"What Makes You Beautiful\" was a commercial success, reaching number one in several countries.", "What Makes You Beautiful __knowledge__ It has been certified quadruple platinum in the US with sales of 4.8 million copies as of June 2016.", "Harry Styles __knowledge__ Harry Edward Styles (born 1 February 1994) is an English singer, songwriter, and actor.", "Harry Styles __knowledge__ He rose to stardom as a member of the boy band One Direction.", "Harry Styles __knowledge__ Styles grew up in Holmes Chapel, Cheshire, where he performed as a singer with his band White Eskimo.", "Harry Styles __knowledge__ In 2010, Styles auditioned as a solo artist for the British music competition series \"The X Factor\", where he and four other contestants joined to form One Direction.", "Harry Styles __knowledge__ One Direction have since released five albums, performed four worldwide tours, and won several awards.", "Harry Styles __knowledge__ One Direction went on an extended hiatus in January 2016.", "Harry Styles __knowledge__ In June 2016, Styles signed a recording deal as a solo artist with Columbia Records.", "Up All Night (One Direction album) __knowledge__ Up All Night is the debut studio album by English-Irish group One Direction, released by Syco Records in November 2011 in Ireland and the United Kingdom, followed by a worldwide release during 2012.", "Up All Night (One Direction album) __knowledge__ Four months after finishing third in the seventh series of British reality singing contest \"The X Factor\" in December 2010, One Direction began recording the album in Sweden, UK and the United States, working with a variety of writers and producers.", "Up All Night (One Direction album) __knowledge__ The album is predominantly a pop music album which orientates into pop rock, dance-pop, teen pop and power pop.", "Up All Night (One Direction album) __knowledge__ The album's lyrical content regards being young, relationships, heartbreak and empowerment.", "Befour (song) __knowledge__ \"Befour\" (stylised as \"BeFoUr\") is a song recorded by English singer-songwriter Zayn for his debut solo studio album, \"Mind of Mine\" (2016).", "Befour (song) __knowledge__ It was written by Zayn Malik, James Ho, Harold Lilly and Terrence \"Scar\" Smith, and produced by Malay.", "Befour (song) __knowledge__ It was released as the third promotional single from the album on 17 March 2016 by RCA Records.", "Befour (song) __knowledge__ \"Befour\" is a smooth R&B and synth-pop song, which incorporates musical elements of disco and soul music.", "Befour (song) __knowledge__ It features four-on-the-floor beats, mellow synths, and a grinding guitar loop in its instrumentation.", "Befour (song) __knowledge__ The song is also noted for Malik's high-reaching falsetto during the song's middle eight section.", "Mind of Mine __knowledge__ Mind of Mine is the debut studio album by English singer-songwriter Zayn, released on 25 March 2016 by RCA Records.", "Mind of Mine __knowledge__ Primarily an R&B and alternative R&B, the album blends elements from a number of genres, including pop, folk, dub, soul, funk, electronic, Qawwali, hip hop, reggae, classical and soft rock, among others.", "Mind of Mine __knowledge__ The album was preceded by the release of two singles: \"Pillowtalk\" (which debuted at number one in a number of international charts, including the UK Singles Chart and the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100), and \"Like I Would\".", "Mind of Mine __knowledge__ A third single \"Wrong\", featuring Kehlani, was also subsequently released." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "One Direction __knowledge__ One Direction (commonly abbreviated as 1D) are an English-Irish pop boy band based in London, composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles, Louis Tomlinson, and Zayn Malik until the latter's departure on 25 March 2015.", "One Direction __knowledge__ The group signed with Simon Cowell's record label Syco Records after forming and finishing third in the seventh series of the British televised singing competition \"The X Factor\" in 2010.", "One Direction __knowledge__ Propelled to international success by social media, One Direction's five albums, \"Up All Night\" (2011), \"Take Me Home\" (2012), \"Midnight Memories\" (2013), \"Four\" (2014), and \"Made in the A.M.\" (2015), topped charts in most major markets, and generated hit singles including \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"Live While We're Young\", \"Little Things\", \"Best Song Ever\", \"Story of My Life\", \"Drag Me Down\" and \"Perfect\".", "One Direction __knowledge__ Their awards include six Brit Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, eleven MTV Europe Music Awards, seven American Music Awards (including Artist of the Year in 2014 and 2015), and 28 Teen Choice Awards, among many others.", "One Direction __knowledge__ According to Nick Gatfield, the chairman and chief executive of Sony Music Entertainment UK, One Direction represented a $50 million business empire by June 2012.", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ María Cristina De Giacomi (born 23 August 1956), professionally known as Cris Morena, is an Argentine Award-winning television producer, actress, television presenter, composer, musician, songwriter, writer, former fashion model and CEO of Cris Morena Group.", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ She is one of the most successful producers in the country and is the creator of Argentina's most successful youth-oriented shows such as \"Jugate Conmigo\", \"Chiquititas\", \"Rebelde Way\", \"Floricienta\", \"Alma Pirata\", and \"Casi Ángeles\".", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ Until 2001, she worked directly for Telefe but, since \"Rebelde Way\", in 2002, she works independently and has her own production company Cris Morena Group.", "Model car __knowledge__ A model vehicle or toy vehicle is a miniature representation of an automobile.", "Model car __knowledge__ Other miniature motor vehicles, such as trucks, buses, or even ATVs, etc.", "Model car __knowledge__ are often included in this general category.", "Model car __knowledge__ Because many miniature vehicles were originally aimed at children as playthings, there is no precise difference between a model car and a toy car, yet the word 'model' implies either assembly required or the accurate rendering of an actual vehicle at smaller scale.", "Model car __knowledge__ The kit building hobby became popular through the 1950s, while the collecting of miniatures by adults started to pick up momentum around 1970.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ The city of Paris has been an important center for European music since the Middle Ages.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ It was noted for its choral music in the 12th century, for its role in the development of ballet during the Renaissance, in the 19th century it became famous for its music halls and cabarets, and in the 20th century for the first performances of the Ballets Russes, its jazz clubs, and its part in the development of serial music.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ Paris has been home to many important composers, to name a few: Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Niccolò Piccinni, Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Jacques Offenbach, Georges Bizet, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Hector Berlioz, Paul Dukas, Gabriel Fauré, César Franck, Charles Gounod, Jules Massenet, Vincent d'Indy, Camille Saint-Saëns, Erik Satie, Igor Stravinsky, Sidney Bechet...", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ \"General Hospital\" is the longest running American television serial drama, airing on ABC.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Created by Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The series premiered on April 1, 1963.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ This is a list of notable characters who significantly impacted storylines and began their run, or significantly returned, from the years 2000 to 2009.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Sage Alcazar is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera, General Hospital.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ She was portrayed by Eileen Boylan in 2003, and then by Katie Stuart in 2004.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ This article describes trends in popular music in the 2010s.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ See also: 2010s in the music industry.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ The melismatic vocals mainstream during the 1990s and 2000s in pop and contemporary R&B lost favor by mid-late 2009, as vocally lower key artists, including Katy Perry, Taylor Swift and Rihanna, started to outsell new releases by perennial melismatic favorites, Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ By the mid-2010s, the style of vocals popular in indie pop have become immensely widespread among pop instrumentalists as they are commonly used by younger artists, like Lorde and Birdy.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ Traditional instruments, such as the mandolin, dulcimer, ukulele, banjo, and accordion, have been utilized more often, especially in indie rock musicians and singer songwriters, including Mumford and Sons, Vance Joy, Phillip Phillips, and The Lumineers, along with country players, such as Kacey Musgraves, Granger Smith and Zac Brown Band.", "Boy band __knowledge__ A boy band (or boyband) is loosely defined as a vocal group consisting of young male singers, usually in their teenage years or in their twenties at the time of formation, singing love songs marketed towards young women.", "Boy band __knowledge__ Being vocal groups, most boy band members do not play musical instruments, either in recording sessions or on stage, making the term something of a misnomer.", "Boy band __knowledge__ However, exceptions do exist.", "Boy band __knowledge__ Many boy bands dance as well as sing, usually giving highly choreographed performances.", "Boy band __knowledge__ Some such bands form on their own.", "Boy band __knowledge__ They can evolve out of church choral or gospel music groups, but are often created by talent managers or record producers who hold auditions.", "K-pop __knowledge__ K-pop (abbreviation of Korean popular music or Korean pop; ) is a music genre originating in South Korea, characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements.", "K-pop __knowledge__ Although it includes all genres of \"popular music\" within South Korea, the term is often used in a narrower sense to describe a modern form of South Korean pop music drawing inspiration on a range of styles and genres incorporated from the across the world such as Western pop music, rock, experimental, jazz, gospel, Latin, hip hop, R&B, reggae, electronic dance, folk, country and classical on top of its uniquely traditional Korean music roots.", "Big Bang (South Korean band) __knowledge__ Big Bang (Korean: ) is a South Korean boy band formed by YG Entertainment.", "Big Bang (South Korean band) __knowledge__ With members G-Dragon, T.O.P, Taeyang, Daesung, and Seungri, they are often cited as one of the most influential acts to shape the K-pop industry by helping spread the Korean Wave internationally and dubbed as the \"Kings of K-pop\" by the media.", "Big Bang (South Korean band) __knowledge__ Their experimental and diverse use of music genres, personal involvement in producing their own records, and stage performances have been admired by music critics and served as influence to numerous K-pop and international artists.", "Big Bang (South Korean band) __knowledge__ Despite their debut album, \"Bigbang Vol.1\" (2006), receiving lukewarm reception, success followed with a string of notable hits credited to the quintet, including \"Lies\" (Korean: ), which topped major Korean music charts for a record-breaking six consecutive weeks and won Song of the Year at the 2007 Mnet Km Music Festival and the 2008 Seoul Music Awards; \"Last Farewell\" (Korean: ); \"Day by Day\" (Korean: ); and \"Sunset Glow\" (Korean: ).", "Westlife __knowledge__ Westlife were an Irish boy band, formed in Dublin in July 1998 and disbanded in June 2012.", "Westlife __knowledge__ Originally signed by Simon Cowell and managed by Louis Walsh, the group's second and final line-up consisted of Nicky Byrne, Kian Egan, Mark Feehily, and Shane Filan.", "Westlife __knowledge__ Brian McFadden was a member from July 1998 until his departure in March 2004.", "Westlife __knowledge__ Westlife sold over 50 million records worldwide, a total that included studio albums, singles, video releases, and compilation albums.", "Westlife __knowledge__ The group accumulated 14 number-one singles in the United Kingdom.", "Westlife __knowledge__ They achieved a total of 26 UK top ten singles over their 14-year career.", "List of Oricon number-one singles of 2009 __knowledge__ The highest-selling singles in Japan are ranked in the Oricon Weekly Chart, which is published by \"Oricon Style\" magazine.", "List of Oricon number-one singles of 2009 __knowledge__ The data are compiled by Oricon based on each singles' weekly physical sales.", "List of Oricon number-one singles of 2009 __knowledge__ In 2009, 51 singles reached the peak of the chart.", "List of Oricon number-one singles of 2009 __knowledge__ Sisters Kumi Koda and Misono's \"It's All Love!\"", "List of Oricon number-one singles of 2009 __knowledge__ made them the fourth group of siblings to have a number one on the charts.", "List of Oricon number-one singles of 2009 __knowledge__ However, they are the first siblings to have a number one debut on the charts in its initial week.", "List of Oricon number-one singles of 2009 __knowledge__ Enka singer Junko Akimoto's makes her the oldest singer at the age of 61 years to have a number one single.", "List of Oricon number-one singles of 2009 __knowledge__ The record was previously held by Kazumasa Oda's which was released in 2007." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "One Direction __knowledge__ One Direction (commonly abbreviated as 1D) are an English-Irish pop boy band based in London, composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles, Louis Tomlinson, and Zayn Malik until the latter's departure on 25 March 2015.", "One Direction __knowledge__ The group signed with Simon Cowell's record label Syco Records after forming and finishing third in the seventh series of the British televised singing competition \"The X Factor\" in 2010.", "One Direction __knowledge__ Propelled to international success by social media, One Direction's five albums, \"Up All Night\" (2011), \"Take Me Home\" (2012), \"Midnight Memories\" (2013), \"Four\" (2014), and \"Made in the A.M.\" (2015), topped charts in most major markets, and generated hit singles including \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"Live While We're Young\", \"Little Things\", \"Best Song Ever\", \"Story of My Life\", \"Drag Me Down\" and \"Perfect\".", "One Direction __knowledge__ Their awards include six Brit Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, eleven MTV Europe Music Awards, seven American Music Awards (including Artist of the Year in 2014 and 2015), and 28 Teen Choice Awards, among many others.", "One Direction __knowledge__ According to Nick Gatfield, the chairman and chief executive of Sony Music Entertainment UK, One Direction represented a $50 million business empire by June 2012.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Music of France __knowledge__ The music of France reflects a diverse array of styles.", "Music of France __knowledge__ In the field of classical music, France has produced a number of prominent romantic composers, while folk and popular music have seen the rise of the chanson and cabaret style.", "Music of France __knowledge__ The earliest known sound recording device in the world, the phonautograph, was patented in France by Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville in 1857.", "Music of France __knowledge__ France is also the 5th largest market by value in the world, and its music industry has produced many internationally renowned artists, especially in the nouvelle chanson and electronic music.", "Music of France __knowledge__ French music history dates back to organum in the 10th century, followed by the Notre Dame School, an organum composition style.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ The city of Paris has been an important center for European music since the Middle Ages.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ It was noted for its choral music in the 12th century, for its role in the development of ballet during the Renaissance, in the 19th century it became famous for its music halls and cabarets, and in the 20th century for the first performances of the Ballets Russes, its jazz clubs, and its part in the development of serial music.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ Paris has been home to many important composers, to name a few: Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Niccolò Piccinni, Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Jacques Offenbach, Georges Bizet, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Hector Berlioz, Paul Dukas, Gabriel Fauré, César Franck, Charles Gounod, Jules Massenet, Vincent d'Indy, Camille Saint-Saëns, Erik Satie, Igor Stravinsky, Sidney Bechet...", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Blaine Devon Anderson is a fictional character from the American musical comedy-drama television series \"Glee\".", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Played by Darren Criss, Blaine was introduced in the sixth episode of the second season as the openly gay lead singer of the Dalton Academy Warblers, a rival show choir to New Directions, the show's primary musical group.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Blaine initially served as a mentor for New Directions member Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer).", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Chemistry between the two, combined with fan support for the couple, led series co-creator Ryan Murphy to pair them romantically.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Their relationship has been well received by critics, and they have been named \"one of the most beloved TV couples of the millennium\" by Jarett Wieselman of the \"New York Post\".", "Cher __knowledge__ Cher (; born Cherilyn Sarkisian; May 20, 1946) is an American singer and actress.", "Cher __knowledge__ Sometimes called the Goddess of Pop, she has been described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry.", "Cher __knowledge__ She is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in numerous areas of entertainment, as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her six-decade-long career.", "Cher __knowledge__ Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song \"I Got You Babe\" reached number one on the American and British charts.", "Cher __knowledge__ By the end of 1967, they had sold 40 million records worldwide and had become, according to \"Time\" magazine, rock's \"it\" couple.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dimensions or contexts of musical behavior, instead of only its isolated sound component.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ The term \"ethnomusicology\" is said to have been first coined by Jaap Kunst from the Greek words ἔθνος (\"ethnos\", \"nation\") and μουσική (\"mousike\", \"music\"), is often defined as the anthropology or ethnography of music, or as musical anthropology.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ During its early development from comparative musicology in the 1950s, ethnomusicology was primarily oriented toward non-Western music, but for several decades has included the study of all and any musics of the world (including Western art music and popular music) from anthropological, sociological and intercultural perspectives.", "Paris in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ In the 10th century, Paris was a provincial cathedral city of little political or economic significance, but under the kings of the Capetian dynasty who ruled France between 987 and 1328, it developed into an important commercial and religious center and the seat of the royal administration of the country.", "Paris in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Île de la Cité became the site of the royal palace and the new cathedral of Notre-Dame, begun in 1163.", "Paris in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Left Bank was occupied by important monasteries, including the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés and the Abbey of St Genevieve.", "Paris in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ In the late 12th century, the collection of colleges on the left bank became one of the leading universities in Europe.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ Population decline, counterurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ The history of Europe covers the peoples inhabiting Europe from prehistory to the present.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ The period known as classical antiquity began with the emergence of the city-states of ancient Greece.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ Later, the Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ The fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476 traditionally marks the start of the Middle Ages.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ Beginning in the 14th century a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ Simultaneously, the Protestant Reformation set up Protestant churches primarily in Germany, Scandinavia and England.", "History of Europe __knowledge__ After 1800, the Industrial Revolution brought prosperity to Britain and Western Europe.", "Post-classical history __knowledge__ Post-classical history (also called the Post-Antiquity era, Post-Ancient Era, or Pre-Modern Era) is the period of time that immediately followed ancient history and preceded modern history.", "Post-classical history __knowledge__ Depending on the continent, the era generally falls between the years 200–600 and 1200–1500.", "Post-classical history __knowledge__ The major classical civilizations the era follows are Han China (ending in 220), the Western Roman Empire (in 476), the Gupta Empire (in the 550s), and the Sasanian Empire (in 651).", "Post-classical history __knowledge__ The post-classical era itself was followed by the early modern era, and forms the middle period in a three-period division of world history: ancient, post-classical, and modern." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "One Direction __knowledge__ One Direction (commonly abbreviated as 1D) are an English-Irish pop boy band based in London, composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles, Louis Tomlinson, and Zayn Malik until the latter's departure on 25 March 2015.", "One Direction __knowledge__ The group signed with Simon Cowell's record label Syco Records after forming and finishing third in the seventh series of the British televised singing competition \"The X Factor\" in 2010.", "One Direction __knowledge__ Propelled to international success by social media, One Direction's five albums, \"Up All Night\" (2011), \"Take Me Home\" (2012), \"Midnight Memories\" (2013), \"Four\" (2014), and \"Made in the A.M.\" (2015), topped charts in most major markets, and generated hit singles including \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"Live While We're Young\", \"Little Things\", \"Best Song Ever\", \"Story of My Life\", \"Drag Me Down\" and \"Perfect\".", "One Direction __knowledge__ Their awards include six Brit Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, eleven MTV Europe Music Awards, seven American Music Awards (including Artist of the Year in 2014 and 2015), and 28 Teen Choice Awards, among many others.", "One Direction __knowledge__ According to Nick Gatfield, the chairman and chief executive of Sony Music Entertainment UK, One Direction represented a $50 million business empire by June 2012.", "David Guetta __knowledge__ Pierre David Guetta (; born 7 November 1967) is a French DJ, songwriter, record producer and remixer.", "David Guetta __knowledge__ He co-founded Gum Productions with Jean-Charles Carré and Joachim Garraud, and released his first album, \"Just a Little More Love\", in 2002.", "David Guetta __knowledge__ Later, he released \"Guetta Blaster\" (2004) and \"Pop Life\" (2007).", "David Guetta __knowledge__ Guetta achieved mainstream success with his 2009 album \"One Love\" which included the hit singles \"When Love Takes Over\", \"Gettin' Over You\", \"Sexy Bitch\", and \"Memories\", the first three of which reached number one in the United Kingdom.", "David Guetta __knowledge__ The 2011 follow-up album, \"Nothing but the Beat\", continued this success, containing the hit singles \"Where Them Girls At\", \"Little Bad Girl\", \"Without You\", \"Titanium\", and \"Turn Me On\".", "Here I Am (Kelly Rowland album) __knowledge__ Here I Am is the third studio album by American recording artist Kelly Rowland, released through Universal Motown and Universal Music Group on July 22, 2011.", "Here I Am (Kelly Rowland album) __knowledge__ The album is Rowland's first release since parting ways with her long-time manager Mathew Knowles and Sony Music Entertainment record label Columbia Records and Knowles' Music World Entertainment.", "Here I Am (Kelly Rowland album) __knowledge__ \"Here I Am\" is predominately a pop, R&B and dance album.", "Here I Am (Kelly Rowland album) __knowledge__ It follows Rowland's assertion that \"no one puts her in a box\" with common themes around womanhood, sexual intimacy and love.", "Here I Am (Kelly Rowland album) __knowledge__ Originally scheduled for release in 2010, the album was pushed back after the first round of singles were released to mixed reception, both with critics and commercially.", "When Love Takes Over __knowledge__ \"When Love Takes Over\" is a song by French DJ-music producer David Guetta with vocals by Kelly Rowland from his fourth studio album, \"One Love\".", "When Love Takes Over __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from the album on 21 April 2009 by Virgin Records (EMI France).", "When Love Takes Over __knowledge__ The song was conceived when Guetta played the instrumental version during one of his DJ sets in summer 2008; American recording artist Kelly Rowland, who fell in love with the track, convinced Guetta to allow her to take it so that she could write and record vocals for it.", "When Love Takes Over __knowledge__ It was co-written by Nervo.", "When Love Takes Over __knowledge__ According to Rowland, the song inspired her to pursue a more dance-oriented sound for her album \"Here I Am\" (2011), while Guetta noted \"When Love Takes Over\" for providing the framework for his future musical explorations and inspiring him to experiment with more urban sounds.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ This article describes trends in popular music in the 2010s.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ See also: 2010s in the music industry.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ The melismatic vocals mainstream during the 1990s and 2000s in pop and contemporary R&B lost favor by mid-late 2009, as vocally lower key artists, including Katy Perry, Taylor Swift and Rihanna, started to outsell new releases by perennial melismatic favorites, Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ By the mid-2010s, the style of vocals popular in indie pop have become immensely widespread among pop instrumentalists as they are commonly used by younger artists, like Lorde and Birdy.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ Traditional instruments, such as the mandolin, dulcimer, ukulele, banjo, and accordion, have been utilized more often, especially in indie rock musicians and singer songwriters, including Mumford and Sons, Vance Joy, Phillip Phillips, and The Lumineers, along with country players, such as Kacey Musgraves, Granger Smith and Zac Brown Band.", "Commander (song) __knowledge__ \"Commander\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelly Rowland from her third studio album, \"Here I Am\" (2011).", "Commander (song) __knowledge__ It serves as the project's international lead single and her debut release with Universal Motown.", "Commander (song) __knowledge__ It was co-written by American songwriter Rico Love, who described the song as a \"fun and aggressive club record\" with themes of female empowerment and lyrics with deliberate grammatical errors.", "Commander (song) __knowledge__ French disc jockeys and producers David Guetta and Sandy Vee produced \"Commander\" with synthesized dance beats that blend R&B with electronica and house music.", "Commander (song) __knowledge__ Rowland and Guetta had previously topped charts around the world with a similar dance production, \"When Love Takes Over\", in 2009.", "Titanium (song) __knowledge__ \"Titanium\" is a song by French DJ and music producer David Guetta, featuring vocals by Australian recording artist Sia.", "Titanium (song) __knowledge__ Taken from Guetta's fifth studio album, \"Nothing but the Beat\", the song was written by Sia, David Guetta, Giorgio Tuinfort and Afrojack.", "Titanium (song) __knowledge__ Production was also handled by Guetta, Tuinfort and Afrojack.", "Titanium (song) __knowledge__ \"Titanium\" was initially released for digital download on August 8, 2011, as the first of four promotional singles from the album.", "Titanium (song) __knowledge__ It was later released as the album's fourth single in December 2011.", "Titanium (song) __knowledge__ The song originally featured the vocals of American recording artist Mary J. Blige, whose version of the song leaked online in July 2011.", "Creamfields __knowledge__ Creamfields is a large British dance music festival featuring DJs and live acts.", "Creamfields __knowledge__ The first Creamfields was held in 1998 in Winchester, attracting 25,000 people.", "Creamfields __knowledge__ The festival hosts live performances from Run DMC, Primal Scream and DJ sets from the likes of Daft Punk, Paul van Dyk and Sasha.", "Creamfields __knowledge__ 1999 Creamfields returns to its spiritual home of Liverpool - taking over the Old Liverpool Airfield in Speke.", "Creamfields __knowledge__ Over 50,000 people flock to the first Creamfields in Liverpool to see performances from the likes of Basement Jaxx and Pet Shop Boys.", "Creamfields __knowledge__ 2000 Creamfields introduces the Live Outdoor Stage to its Liverpool festival, and hosts its first international event in Dublin.", "Romanticism __knowledge__ Romanticism (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850.", "Romanticism __knowledge__ Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical.", "Romanticism __knowledge__ It was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, and the scientific rationalization of nature—all components of modernity.", "Music of France __knowledge__ The music of France reflects a diverse array of styles.", "Music of France __knowledge__ In the field of classical music, France has produced a number of prominent romantic composers, while folk and popular music have seen the rise of the chanson and cabaret style.", "Music of France __knowledge__ The earliest known sound recording device in the world, the phonautograph, was patented in France by Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville in 1857.", "Music of France __knowledge__ France is also the 5th largest market by value in the world, and its music industry has produced many internationally renowned artists, especially in the nouvelle chanson and electronic music.", "Music of France __knowledge__ French music history dates back to organum in the 10th century, followed by the Notre Dame School, an organum composition style.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small number of performers, with one performer to a part (in contrast to orchestral music, in which each string part is played by a number of performers).", "Chamber music __knowledge__ However, by convention, it usually does not include solo instrument performances.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Because of its intimate nature, chamber music has been described as \"the music of friends\".", "Chamber music __knowledge__ For more than 100 years, chamber music was played primarily by amateur musicians in their homes, and even today, when chamber music performance has migrated from the home to the concert hall, many musicians, amateur and professional, still play chamber music for their own pleasure.", "Poland __knowledge__ Poland ( ), officially the Republic of Poland (, ), is a unitary sovereign state in Central Europe.", "Poland __knowledge__ It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of with a mostly temperate climate.", "Poland __knowledge__ With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union.", "Poland __knowledge__ Poland's capital and largest city is Warsaw.", "Poland __knowledge__ Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin.", "Poland __knowledge__ The establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ The music of Italy ranges across a broad spectrum of opera and instrumental classical music and a body of popular music drawn from both native and imported sources.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ Music has traditionally been one of the cultural markers of Italian national and ethnic identity and holds an important position in society and in politics.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ Italian innovation in musical scales, harmony, notation, and theatre enabled the development of opera in the late 16th century, and much of modern European classical music, such as the symphony and concerto.", "Music of Italy __knowledge__ Instrumental and vocal classical music is an iconic part of Italian identity, spanning experimental art music and international fusions to symphonic music and opera.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Sources of ancient Tamil history __knowledge__ There are literary, archaeological, epigraphic and numismatic sources of ancient Tamil history.", "Sources of ancient Tamil history __knowledge__ The foremost among these sources is the Sangam literature, generally dated to the last centuries BCE to early centuries CE.", "Sources of ancient Tamil history __knowledge__ The poems in Sangam literature contain vivid descriptions of the different aspects of life and society in Tamilakam during this age; scholars agree that, for the most part, these are reliable accounts.", "Sources of ancient Tamil history __knowledge__ Greek and Roman literature, around the dawn of the Christian era, give details of the maritime trade between Tamilakam and the Roman empire, including the names and locations of many ports on both coasts of the Tamil country." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "One Direction __knowledge__ One Direction (commonly abbreviated as 1D) are an English-Irish pop boy band based in London, composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles, Louis Tomlinson, and Zayn Malik until the latter's departure on 25 March 2015.", "One Direction __knowledge__ The group signed with Simon Cowell's record label Syco Records after forming and finishing third in the seventh series of the British televised singing competition \"The X Factor\" in 2010.", "One Direction __knowledge__ Propelled to international success by social media, One Direction's five albums, \"Up All Night\" (2011), \"Take Me Home\" (2012), \"Midnight Memories\" (2013), \"Four\" (2014), and \"Made in the A.M.\" (2015), topped charts in most major markets, and generated hit singles including \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"Live While We're Young\", \"Little Things\", \"Best Song Ever\", \"Story of My Life\", \"Drag Me Down\" and \"Perfect\".", "One Direction __knowledge__ Their awards include six Brit Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, eleven MTV Europe Music Awards, seven American Music Awards (including Artist of the Year in 2014 and 2015), and 28 Teen Choice Awards, among many others.", "One Direction __knowledge__ According to Nick Gatfield, the chairman and chief executive of Sony Music Entertainment UK, One Direction represented a $50 million business empire by June 2012.", "The Amazing Race Asia 4 __knowledge__ The Amazing Race Asia is a reality television game show based on the American series, \"The Amazing Race\".", "The Amazing Race Asia 4 __knowledge__ The fourth installment of the show features several teams of two, each with a pre-existing relationship, in a race around Asia and the Pacific Rim.", "The Amazing Race Asia 4 __knowledge__ Production for this installment was delayed in 2009.", "The Amazing Race Asia 4 __knowledge__ It is also the first \"Amazing Race\" series to be filmed and broadcast in high-definition.", "The Amazing Race Asia 4 __knowledge__ Applications ended 31 March 2010, after a short extension due to popular demand.", "The Amazing Race Asia 4 __knowledge__ Semi-finalist and finalist interviews were held between March/April.", "The Amazing Race Asia 4 __knowledge__ Filming took place June to July 2010.", "The Amazing Race Asia 4 __knowledge__ The season premiered on 23 September 2010.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Couples 4 is the eleventh season of the NBC reality television series entitled \"The Biggest Loser\".", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize, which was awarded to Olivia Ward, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ It premiered on January 4, 2011.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ Along with existing trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels, two new trainers (Cara Castronuova and Brett Hoebel) will be featured who were revealed in Week 3.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ One of the featured contestants is Rulon Gardner, a former gold medalist at the 2000 Summer Olympics.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ It was the longest season in Biggest Loser history at 20 weeks long.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Ybarra v. Illinois __knowledge__ An agent of the Illinois Bureau of Investigation working in Aurora, filed a request for a search warrant on March 1,1976 to search the Aurora Tap Tavern and its bartender for evidence of heroin trafficking, after an informant observed \"on the weekend\" of February 28-29,1976, 15 to 25 packets of tin foil on the person of a bartender only known as \"Greg,\" along with seeing the packets on him and in a drawer behind the bar when he went there on at least 10 other occasions.", "Ybarra v. Illinois __knowledge__ The informant then claimed that he had used heroin in the past and that tin foil was a common packaging method for heroin.", "Ybarra v. Illinois __knowledge__ The informant also claimed that from February 28 to February 29, he had a conversation with the bartender and that the bartender told him that he would have heroin for sale on March 1.", "List of The Bill characters (M–P) __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the police drama \"The Bill\" ordered alphabetically by character surname.", "List of The Bill characters (M–P) __knowledge__ For a full list of characters ordered by rank, see list of \"The Bill\" characters.", "List of The Bill characters (M–P) __knowledge__ The characters are all police personnel at Sun Hill police station in London.", "List of The Bill characters (M–P) __knowledge__ Sergeant John Maitland arrived at Sun Hill under a bit of a cloud.", "List of The Bill characters (M–P) __knowledge__ At his previous north London station this young sergeant had shopped two traffic cops for drinking on duty.", "List of The Bill characters (M–P) __knowledge__ No one could argue that he did not do the right thing by the book, but the incident left a nasty taste.", "List of The Bill characters (M–P) __knowledge__ Sun Hill looked at him more kindly when Ted Roach was attacked by a gang of thugs.", "List of Jurassic Park video games __knowledge__ After the announcement of the 1993 \"Jurassic Park\" feature film, based on the critically acclaimed novel by Michael Crichton, developers Ocean Software, BlueSky Software and Sega were licensed to produce games to be sold to coincide with the release of the film on the popular platforms of the time.", "List of Jurassic Park video games __knowledge__ In 1997, several developers, including DreamWorks Interactive and Appaloosa Interactive, produced various games for nine different platforms to coincide with the release of the film, \"\".", "List of Jurassic Park video games __knowledge__ For the 2001 film, \"Jurassic Park III\", a total of seven games were produced, including three games for the Game Boy Advance and three PC games.", "David Guetta __knowledge__ Pierre David Guetta (; born 7 November 1967) is a French DJ, songwriter, record producer and remixer.", "David Guetta __knowledge__ He co-founded Gum Productions with Jean-Charles Carré and Joachim Garraud, and released his first album, \"Just a Little More Love\", in 2002.", "David Guetta __knowledge__ Later, he released \"Guetta Blaster\" (2004) and \"Pop Life\" (2007).", "David Guetta __knowledge__ Guetta achieved mainstream success with his 2009 album \"One Love\" which included the hit singles \"When Love Takes Over\", \"Gettin' Over You\", \"Sexy Bitch\", and \"Memories\", the first three of which reached number one in the United Kingdom.", "David Guetta __knowledge__ The 2011 follow-up album, \"Nothing but the Beat\", continued this success, containing the hit singles \"Where Them Girls At\", \"Little Bad Girl\", \"Without You\", \"Titanium\", and \"Turn Me On\".", "David Guetta discography __knowledge__ French house DJ and producer David Guetta has released six studio albums, eleven compilation albums, three extended plays, forty-eight singles (including seven as a featured artist), eight promotional singles, and thirty-eight music videos.", "David Guetta discography __knowledge__ Guetta released his debut single \"Nation Rap\", a collaboration with French rapper Sidney, in 1990.", "David Guetta discography __knowledge__ His debut studio album, \"Just a Little More Love\", was released in June 2002; it peaked at number six in France and was certified two times gold by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP).", "David Guetta discography __knowledge__ Three of the album's singles attained commercial success in several European territories, including France and Belgium: \"Just a Little More Love\", \"Love Don't Let Me Go\" and \"People Come People Go\".", "Joachim Garraud __knowledge__ Joachim Garraud (born September 27, 1968, Nantes, France) is a French DJ, remixer and producer.", "Joachim Garraud __knowledge__ He is the producer of stars such as Geyster, Paul Johnson, Deep Dish, David Bowie, OMD, Kylie Minogue, Mylène Farmer, Cassius, Belamour, Kid Vicious, Saffron Hill and Culture Club.", "Joachim Garraud __knowledge__ Known for his many collaborations with other DJs and musicians such as David Guetta and Jean-Michel Jarre, he moderates a weekly radio show on Radio FG that plays a new mix (Zemixx) each week to its listeners before making it available on his Podcast.", "Joachim Garraud __knowledge__ He is also the co-founder of various labels including Gum Prod, Prod public garden and Gum Records.", "When Love Takes Over __knowledge__ \"When Love Takes Over\" is a song by French DJ-music producer David Guetta with vocals by Kelly Rowland from his fourth studio album, \"One Love\".", "When Love Takes Over __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from the album on 21 April 2009 by Virgin Records (EMI France).", "When Love Takes Over __knowledge__ The song was conceived when Guetta played the instrumental version during one of his DJ sets in summer 2008; American recording artist Kelly Rowland, who fell in love with the track, convinced Guetta to allow her to take it so that she could write and record vocals for it.", "When Love Takes Over __knowledge__ It was co-written by Nervo.", "When Love Takes Over __knowledge__ According to Rowland, the song inspired her to pursue a more dance-oriented sound for her album \"Here I Am\" (2011), while Guetta noted \"When Love Takes Over\" for providing the framework for his future musical explorations and inspiring him to experiment with more urban sounds.", "The World Is Mine (David Guetta song) __knowledge__ \"The World Is Mine\" is a song by French DJ David Guetta, featuring vocals from singer JD Davis.", "The World Is Mine (David Guetta song) __knowledge__ The track was released as the third single from Guetta's second studio album, \"Guetta Blaster\" on 22 November 2004.", "The World Is Mine (David Guetta song) __knowledge__ It contains prominent samples from the Simple Minds song \"Someone Somewhere in Summertime\".", "The World Is Mine (David Guetta song) __knowledge__ Three years later, in 2007, the track was released as a single in the United States as the follow-up to \"Love Don't Let Me Go (Walking Away)\", along with the \"Guetta Blaster\" album.", "The World Is Mine (David Guetta song) __knowledge__ Thanks in part to support from Dance radio outlets like BPM, \"The World is Mine\" would end up giving Guetta his first number-one single on the \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Airplay chart in June 2007.", "Exit Through the Gift Shop __knowledge__ Exit Through the Gift Shop: A Banksy Film is a 2010 British documentary film, directed by street artist Banksy.", "Exit Through the Gift Shop __knowledge__ It tells the story of Thierry Guetta, a French immigrant in Los Angeles, and his obsession with street art.", "Exit Through the Gift Shop __knowledge__ The film charts Guetta's constant documenting of his every waking moment on film, from a chance encounter with his cousin, the artist Invader, to his introduction to a host of street artists with a focus on Shepard Fairey and Banksy, whose anonymity is preserved by obscuring his face and altering his voice, to Guetta's eventual fame as a street artist himself.", "Exit Through the Gift Shop __knowledge__ It is narrated by Rhys Ifans.", "Mr. Brainwash __knowledge__ Mr. Brainwash (often written MBW) is a name used by French-born, Los Angeles-based street artist Thierry Guetta.", "Mr. Brainwash __knowledge__ According to the 2010 Banksy-directed film \"Exit Through the Gift Shop\", Guetta was a proprietor of a used clothing store, where he began as a security guard, and amateur videographer who was first introduced to street art by his cousin, the street artist Invader, and who filmed street artists through the 2000s and \"evolved\" into an artist in his own right in a matter of weeks after an off-hand suggestion from Banksy.", "Mr. Brainwash __knowledge__ A number of critics have observed that his works strongly emulate the styles and concepts of Banksy, and have speculated that Guetta is an elaborate prank staged by Banksy, who may have created the works himself." ] ]

[ 1, 23, 11, 8, 56 ]

[ "I think it was an english irish pop boy band, which has its origin in london.", "Paris was the city which was considered as the center for Europeans musics from the middle ages.", "Many number of prominent romantic and folk composers possess France as their native.", "Guetta Blaster and Pop Life were the popular albums by Guetta, after founded Gum Productions with his friends.", "David Guetta along with Kelly Rowland on behalf of his fourth studio produced an album When Love Takes Over." ]

[ "One Direction", "One Direction", "One Direction", "One Direction", "One Direction" ]

[ "Iceland", "I am sure it is beautiful! I know it is actually quite green correct?", "what is a tundra climate like?", "so it is pretty cold in Iceland then? volcanos would be scary!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies.", "Willistown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Willistown Township is a township in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States.", "Willistown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ The population was 10,497 at the 2010 census.", "Willistown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ At the 1860 census, the population of Willistown was 1,521, and in 1980 it was 8,269.", "Willistown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Originally settled by Lenni Lenape Native Americans, Willistown Township was part of the Welsh Tract surveyed for William Penn in 1684.", "Willistown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ The Holmes Map of 1681 is the first reference to Willistown, calling it \"Willeston\".", "Willistown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ In 1704, Willistown was organized as a township.", "Willistown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ A Native American reservation was located here and is memorialized by a monument.", "Willistown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ The first roads in Willistown Township were Native American trails.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from the \"Forgotten Realms\" campaign setting for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters have appeared in the multiple series of novels set in the \"Forgotten Realms\".", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Many have some magical abilities.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Aballister Bonaduce is the nemesis of his son Cadderly Bonaduce, the main character of R.A. Salvatore's The Cleric Quintet.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Calculating, cold, and merciless, Aballister is determined to complete his conquest of the region.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Guided by the goddess Talona, Mistress of Poison, Aballister creates The Chaos Curse and unleashes it upon The Edificant Library, home of Cadderly and his friends.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Bones\".", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ The article deals with the series' main, recurring, and minor characters.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ The following characters have been featured in the opening credits of the program.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Temperance \"Bones\" Brennan (seasons 1–12) works as a forensic anthropologist at the Jeffersonian Institute in Washington, D.C. and is also a best–selling novelist.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ She is nicknamed \"Bones\" by FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Brennan and Booth work together on Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) cases concerning recently found human remains.", "List of Bones characters __knowledge__ Although she is an expert in her field, Brennan is socially awkward and has limited knowledge about pop culture.", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters __knowledge__ Orange Is the New Black is a comedy-drama series, created by Jenji Kohan and airing on Netflix.", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters __knowledge__ Set in the fictional Litchfield Correctional Facility, a women's Federal prison, it has featured a diverse ensemble of recurring or minor characters - including inmates, prison guards and staff, and non-prison characters.", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters __knowledge__ Many of these characters are expanded upon through a series of flashbacks told over the course of an episode, or over the course of the series.", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters __knowledge__ Many are subsequently upgraded to main characters as their roles are expanded and they feature more prominently in storylines.", "List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters __knowledge__ Sophia Burset (played by Laverne Cox and M Lamar in flashbacks) – A trans woman, formerly a firefighter named Marcus, Sophia is in prison for credit card fraud, which she used to finance her gender confirmation surgery.", "Great Valley School District __knowledge__ The Great Valley School District is located in southeastern Pennsylvania, in the Philadelphia suburbs, specifically in the Delaware Valley region known as the Main Line, in eastern Chester County.", "Great Valley School District __knowledge__ The district provides public education for students in Charlestown, East Whiteland, and Willistown townships, as well as Malvern borough.", "Great Valley School District __knowledge__ The district is located in the general area known locally as the Great Valley.", "Great Valley School District __knowledge__ The district superintendent is selected solely by the nine-member school board.", "Great Valley School District __knowledge__ On September 17, 2007, then-Superintendent Dr. Rita Jones, serving her 16th year in the position, received a new four-year contract, the result of a 5–4 school board vote.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Nordic countries __knowledge__ The Nordic countries or the Nordic are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic, where they are most commonly known as \"Norden\" (literally \"the North\").", "Nordic countries __knowledge__ They consist of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, including Greenland and Faroe Islands—which are both constituent countries within the Kingdom of Denmark—and the Åland Islands.", "Nordic countries __knowledge__ The population of the Nordic countries are mainly Scandinavian or Finnish, with Greenlandic Inuit and the Sami people as indigenous minorities, since Scandinavians comprise over three quarters of the region's population and is thus the largest group by far.", "Nordic Passport Union __knowledge__ The Nordic Passport Union allows citizens of the Nordic countriesIceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finlandto travel and reside in another Nordic country (excluding Greenland and Svalbard) without any travel documentation (e.g.", "Nordic Passport Union __knowledge__ a passport or national identity card) or a residence permit.", "Nordic Passport Union __knowledge__ Since 25 March 2001, all five states have also been within the Schengen Area.", "Nordic Passport Union __knowledge__ The Faroe Islands are part of the Nordic Passport Union but not the Schengen Area, while Greenland and Svalbard are outside both.", "Nordic Passport Union __knowledge__ However, Greenland has an open border with all Nordic countries, and allows Nordic citizens to enter, settle and work without requiring a passport or permits.", "Nordic identity in Estonia __knowledge__ Nordic identity in Estonia refers to opinions that Estonia is one of the Nordic countries or that it should/will be considered as such in the future.", "Nordic identity in Estonia __knowledge__ The current mainstream view does not include it among them.", "Nordic identity in Estonia __knowledge__ A push towards being defined as a Nordic country has existed in independent Estonia since the first war of independence in 1918.", "Nordic identity in Estonia __knowledge__ Categorizing Estonia as a Nordic country is common in Estonia.", "Nordic identity in Estonia __knowledge__ 53.3% of ethnically Estonian youth consider belonging in the nordic identity group as important or very important for them.", "Nordic identity in Estonia __knowledge__ 52.2% have the same attitude towards the \"baltic\" identity group, according to a research study from 2013 Sociologist Mikko Lagerspetz has observed that the attitudes towards the Nordic identity in the Estonian society can be grouped in three: 1) Estonia is already a Nordic country 2) Estonia needs to become a Nordic country but is not there yet 3) Estonia should walk its own unique path.", "History of Icelandic nationality __knowledge__ This article is about the history of Icelandic nationality.", "History of Icelandic nationality __knowledge__ In 930 AD, the constitution of Iceland was instituted which made Iceland a self-governing country with a people’s assembly called the Althing (\"alþingi\").", "History of Icelandic nationality __knowledge__ The Althing represented the people and met once a year to make laws and judge important cases.", "History of Icelandic nationality __knowledge__ Matters of lesser importance were dealt with by local spring assemblies, regulated by local chiefs.", "History of Icelandic nationality __knowledge__ The Althing was an important part of Icelandic culture and would be integral in their struggle to become an independent nation.", "History of Icelandic nationality __knowledge__ In 1262 Iceland swore allegiance to the king of Norway, and in 1380 was under the rule of the newly united kingdom of Norway and Denmark.", "Finland __knowledge__ Finland (; ; ), officially the Republic of Finland (, ) is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.", "Finland __knowledge__ The country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east.", "Finland __knowledge__ To the south is the Gulf of Finland with Estonia on the opposite side.", "Finland __knowledge__ Finland is a Nordic country and, together with Scandinavia, is situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia.", "Finland __knowledge__ Finland's population is 5.5 million (2016), and the majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region.", "Finland __knowledge__ 88.7% of the population is Finnish and speaks Finnish, a Uralic language unrelated to the Scandinavian languages; next come the Finland-Swedes (5.3%).", "Nordic Music Days __knowledge__ Nordic Music Days is the oldest ongoing collaboration among the Nordic countries: a festival for new Nordic music that was founded in 1888 and had its origins in existing musical collaboration.", "Nordic Music Days __knowledge__ It is one of the oldest and best respected festivals for contemporary classical music in the world.", "Nordic Music Days __knowledge__ The festival is unique in the respect that it is arranged by the composers themselves.", "Nordic Music Days __knowledge__ Each year one of members, the national societies of composers, arranges the festival on behalf of the Council of Nordic Composers.", "Nordic Music Days __knowledge__ From the mid-nineteenth century, at regular intervals, song festivals were arranged where choirs from all over the North met." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies.", "Polar climate __knowledge__ The polar climate regions are characterized by a lack of warm summers.", "Polar climate __knowledge__ Every month in a polar climate has an average temperature of less than .", "Polar climate __knowledge__ Regions with polar climate cover more than 20% of the Earth.", "Polar climate __knowledge__ The sun shines for long hours in the summer, and for many fewer hours in the winter.", "Polar climate __knowledge__ A polar climate results in treeless tundra, glaciers, or a permanent or semi-permanent layer of ice.", "Polar climate __knowledge__ It has cool summers and very cold winters.", "Polar climate __knowledge__ There are two types of polar climate: ET, or tundra climate; and EF, or ice cap climate.", "Polar climate __knowledge__ A tundra climate is characterized by having at least one month whose average temperature is above , while an ice cap climate has no months above .", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Geography of Norway __knowledge__ Norway is a country located in Northern Europe on the western and northern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bordering the North Sea to the southwest and the Skagerrak inlet to the south, the North Atlantic Ocean (Norwegian Sea) in the west and the Barents Sea to the northeast.", "Geography of Norway __knowledge__ Norway has a long land border with Sweden to the east, a shorter one with Finland in the northeast and a still shorter border with Russia in the far northeast.", "Geography of Norway __knowledge__ Norway has a very elongated shape, one of the longest and most rugged coastlines in the world, and some 50,000 islands off the extremely indented coastline.", "Geography of Norway __knowledge__ Mainland Norway (\"fastlands-norge\") covers 13° latitude, from 58°N to more than 71°N, (Svalbard north to 81°N), and covers the longitude from 5°E in Solund to 31°E in Vardø (Jan Mayen to 9°W, Kvitøya to 33°E).", "Ice cap climate __knowledge__ An ice cap climate is a polar climate where the temperature never exceeds .", "Ice cap climate __knowledge__ The climate covers areas in or near the polar regions, such as Antarctica and Greenland, as well as the highest mountaintops.", "Ice cap climate __knowledge__ Such areas are covered by a permanent layer of ice and have no vegetation, but they may have animal life, that usually feeds from the oceans.", "Ice cap climate __knowledge__ Ice cap climates are inhospitable to human life.", "Ice cap climate __knowledge__ Antarctica, the coldest continent on Earth, sustains no permanent human residents, but has some civil inhabitants in proximity to research stations in coastal settlements that are maritime polar and there are some communities that are situated in a transitional zone between the two climates, but barely qualify as a tundra.", "Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador __knowledge__ Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province in Canada.", "Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador __knowledge__ The Strait of Belle Isle separates the province into two geographical divisions, Labrador and the island of Newfoundland.", "Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador __knowledge__ The province also includes over seven thousand small islands.", "Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador __knowledge__ Labrador is the easternmost part of the Canadian Shield, a vast area of ancient metamorphic rock comprising much of northeastern North America.", "Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador __knowledge__ Colliding tectonic plates have shaped much of the geology of Newfoundland.", "Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador __knowledge__ Gros Morne National Park has a reputation of being an outstanding example of tectonics at work, and as such has been designated a World Heritage Site.", "Scandinavia __knowledge__ Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe, characterized by common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages.", "Scandinavia __knowledge__ The term \"Scandinavia\" in local usage covers the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, but in English usage, it also sometimes refers to the Scandinavian Peninsula or to the broader region which includes Finland and Iceland.", "Scandinavia __knowledge__ This broader region is usually known locally as the Nordic countries.", "Scandinavia __knowledge__ The remote Norwegian islands of Svalbard and Jan Mayen are usually not seen as a part of Scandinavia, nor is Greenland, a constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark.", "Tundra __knowledge__ In physical geography, tundra () is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.", "Tundra __knowledge__ The term \"tundra\" comes through Russian (') from the Kildin Sami word (') meaning \"uplands\", \"treeless mountain tract\".", "Tundra __knowledge__ There are three types of tundra: \"Arctic tundra\", \"alpine tundra\", and \"Antarctic tundra\".", "Tundra __knowledge__ In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens.", "Tundra __knowledge__ Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions.", "Tundra __knowledge__ The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ The Haves and the Have Nots is an American crime drama and soap opera created, executive produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ The premise of the series is based on Perry's 2011 play \"The Haves and the Have Nots\".", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ The show premiered on May 28, 2013 on the Oprah Winfrey Network.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ It is the first scripted television series to air on the network.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ Both the show's first and second episodes aired back-to-back on its premiere night.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode is one hour long.", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ \"Variety\" has recognized \"The Haves and the Have Nots\" as \"OWN's most popular series to date.\"", "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) __knowledge__ In addition, the drama series has been acclaimed as being \"one of OWN's biggest success stories with its weekly dose of soapy fun, filled with the typical betrayals, affairs, manipulations, and a bitch slap or two.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland (; , ) is a Nordic island country of Europe located in the North Atlantic Ocean.", "Iceland __knowledge__ It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Reykjavík.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is volcanically and geologically active.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.", "Iceland __knowledge__ Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.", "Iceland __knowledge__ According to the ancient manuscript \"Landnámabók\", the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island.", "Iceland __knowledge__ In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e.", "Iceland __knowledge__ slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.", "Iceland __knowledge__ The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies.", "George Julius Poulett Scrope __knowledge__ George Julius Poulett Scrope FRS (10 March 1797 – 19 January 1876) was an English geologist and political economist as well as a magistrate for Stroud in Gloucestershire.", "George Julius Poulett Scrope __knowledge__ He was the second son of J. Poulett Thompson of Waverley Abbey, Surrey.", "George Julius Poulett Scrope __knowledge__ He was educated at Harrow, and for a short time at Pembroke College, Oxford, but in 1816 he entered St John's College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1821. through the influence of Edward Clarke and Adam Sedgwick became interested in mineralogy and geology.", "George Julius Poulett Scrope __knowledge__ During the winter of 1816–1817 he was at Naples, and was so keenly interested in Vesuvius that he renewed his studies of the volcano in 1818; and in the following year visited Etna and the Lipari Islands.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ The recorded history of Iceland began with the settlement by Viking explorers and their slaves from the east, particularly Norway and the British Isles, in the late ninth century.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ Iceland was still uninhabited long after the rest of Western Europe had been settled.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ Recorded settlement has conventionally been dated back to 874, although archaeological evidence indicates Gaelic monks had settled Iceland before that date.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ The land was settled quickly, mainly by Norwegians who may have been fleeing conflict or seeking new land to farm.", "History of Iceland __knowledge__ By 930, the chieftains had established a form of governance, the \"Althing\", making it one of the world's oldest parliaments.", "Amecameca __knowledge__ Amecameca (formally Amecameca de Juárez) is a town and municipality located in the eastern panhandle of Mexico State between Mexico City and the Iztaccíhuatl and Popocatépetl volcanos of the Sierra Nevada mountain range.", "Amecameca __knowledge__ It is located on federal highway 115 which leads to Cuautla, which is called the Volcano Route (Ruta de los Volcanes).", "Amecameca __knowledge__ This area is popular with weekend visitors from Mexico City, Puebla and Morelos to enjoy the scenery of the mountains, eat local foods, visit the Sanctuary of the Señor del Sacromonte, the Panoaya Hacienda and other attractions.", "Amecameca __knowledge__ However, when Popocatépetl is active, tourism here drops dramatically.", "Iceland in the Cold War __knowledge__ Throughout the Cold War, the nation of Iceland was a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and allied with the United States, hosting a US military presence in Keflavík Air Base from 1951 to 2006.", "Iceland in the Cold War __knowledge__ In 1986, Iceland hosted a summit in Reykjavík between United States President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev, during which they took significant steps toward nuclear disarmament.", "Iceland in the Cold War __knowledge__ Five years later, in 1991, Iceland became the first country to recognize the renewed independence of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania when they broke away from the Soviet Union.", "Iceland in the Cold War __knowledge__ Early in World War II, the neutral Kingdom of Iceland had declined an offer of British protection.", "Billings Volcanos (basketball) __knowledge__ The Billings Volcanos were an American basketball team based in Billings, Montana that was a member of the Continental Basketball Association.", "Billings Volcanos (basketball) __knowledge__ From 1979-80, they were called the Hawaii Volcanos.", "Billings Volcanos (basketball) __knowledge__ The team name is spelled \"Volcanos,\" even though the proper plural spelling for volcano would be \"volcanoes.\"", "Billings Volcanos (basketball) __knowledge__ The Hawaii Volcanos were an American basketball team based in Honolulu, Hawaii and Hilo, Hawaii that was a member of the Continental Basketball Association.", "Billings Volcanos (basketball) __knowledge__ The franchise played at several venues in Hawaii, including the Neal Blaisdell Center in Honolulu, the Conroy Bowl at Schofield Barracks, the gymnasium at Kaimuki High School, and two games at the Hilo Civic Auditorium.", "Public Law 113-167 __knowledge__ ' (formerly the bill '), a United States public law, that is entitled \"to amend the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act to clarify how the Act applies to condominiums,\" is a bill that was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.", "Public Law 113-167 __knowledge__ The Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act of 1968 was passed in 1968 with the intention of helping protect consumers from land-related scams, but regulating the sale of land across state lines.", "Public Law 113-167 __knowledge__ The act requires sellers to prepare center information about the piece of property they are trying to sell and disclose it in a \"Property Report.\"", "Ring of Fire __knowledge__ The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.", "Ring of Fire __knowledge__ In a horseshoe shape, it is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic belts and plate movements.", "Ring of Fire __knowledge__ It has 452 volcanoes (more than 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes).", "Ring of Fire __knowledge__ The Ring of Fire is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.", "Ring of Fire __knowledge__ About 90% of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire.", "Ring of Fire __knowledge__ The next most seismically active region (5–6% of earthquakes and 17% of the world's largest earthquakes) is the Alpide belt, which extends from Java to the northern Atlantic Ocean via the Himalayas and southern Europe.", "Volcano __knowledge__ A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.", "Volcano __knowledge__ Earth's volcanoes occur because its crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that float on a hotter, softer layer in its mantle.", "Volcano __knowledge__ Therefore, on Earth, volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and most are found underwater.", "Volcano __knowledge__ For example, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates whereas the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Volcanology of Canada includes lava flows, lava plateaus, lava domes, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, submarine volcanoes, calderas, diatremes, and maars, along with examples of more less common volcanic forms such as tuyas and subglacial mounds.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ It has a very complex volcanological history spanning from the Precambrian eon at least 3.11 billion years ago when this part of the North American continent began to form.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Although the country's volcanic activity dates back to the Precambrian eon, volcanism continues to occur in Western and Northern Canada where it forms part of an encircling chain of volcanoes and frequent earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean called the Pacific Ring of Fire.", "List of volcanoes in Indonesia __knowledge__ The geography of Indonesia is dominated by volcanoes that are formed due to subduction zones between the Eurasian plate and the Indo-Australian plate. Some of the volcanoes are notable for their eruptions, for instance, Krakatoa for its global effects in 1883, Lake Toba for its supervolcanic eruption estimated to have occurred 74,000 years before present which was responsible for six years of volcanic winter, and Mount Tambora for the most violent eruption in recorded history in 1815.", "List of volcanoes in Indonesia __knowledge__ Volcanoes in Indonesia are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.", "List of volcanoes in Indonesia __knowledge__ The 150 entries in the list below are grouped into six geographical regions, four of which belong to the volcanoes of the Sunda Arc trench system.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ A shield volcano is a type of volcano usually built almost entirely of fluid lava flows.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ They are named for their low profile, resembling a warrior's shield lying on the ground.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ This is caused by the highly fluid (low viscosity) lava they erupt which travels farther than lava erupted from stratovolcanoes.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ This results in the steady accumulation of broad sheets of lava, building up the shield volcano's distinctive form.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ The shape of shield volcanoes is due to the low viscosity of their mafic lava.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ Shield volcanoes are built by effusive eruptions, which flow out in all directions to create a shield like that of a warrior.", "Io (moon) __knowledge__ Io (Jupiter I) is the innermost of the four Galilean moons of the planet Jupiter.", "Io (moon) __knowledge__ It is the fourth-largest moon, has the highest density of all the moons, and has the least amount of water of any known astronomical object in the Solar System.", "Io (moon) __knowledge__ It was discovered in 1610 and was named after the mythological character Io, a priestess of Hera who became one of Zeus' lovers.", "Io (moon) __knowledge__ With over 400 active volcanoes, Io is the most geologically active object in the Solar System.", "Io (moon) __knowledge__ This extreme geologic activity is the result of tidal heating from friction generated within Io's interior as it is pulled between Jupiter and the other Galilean satellites—Europa, Ganymede and Callisto." ] ]

[ 1, 8, 5, 44 ]

[ "Iceland is a Nordic country of Europe, and my favorite country to live in. Do you like Iceland?", "Yes Nature is Beautiful there, most of the island haves a tundra climate", "Tundras are among Earth's coldest, harshest biomes. Its very cold :D, also Iceland haves a lot of active volcanoes ", "Yes, couple of years back one volcano erupted hot lava and volcanic ash, and the Airplanes were grounded in the north Europe" ]

[ "Iceland", "Iceland", "Iceland", "Iceland" ]

[ "Hummus", "Yes it tastes very good you know what it is made of?", "Where does the dish originate from?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hummus __knowledge__ Hummus (, , or ; , full Arabic name: hummus bi tahini ) is a Levantine dip or spread made from cooked, mashed chickpeas or other beans, blended with tahini, olive oil, lemon juice, salt and garlic.", "Hummus __knowledge__ It is popular in the Middle East and in Middle Eastern cuisine around the globe.", "Hummus __knowledge__ It can also be found in most grocery stores in North America and Europe.", "Hummus __knowledge__ \"Hummus\" comes from the Arabic word meaning \"chickpeas\", and the complete name of the prepared spread in Arabic is \"ḥummuṣ bi ṭaḥīna\" which means \"chickpeas with tahini\".", "Hummus __knowledge__ Spelling of the word in English can be inconsistent.", "Hummus __knowledge__ \"Hummus\" is the most common spelling in both American and British English.", "Hummus __knowledge__ The spelling \"houmous\" is however common enough in British English to be also listed as a less common spelling in some UK dictionaries but not, for example, in the Cambridge online dictionary.", "Hummus __knowledge__ Some US dictionaries also list other spellings such as \"humus\", \"hommus\", and \"hommos\", but not Merriam-Webster, for example.", "Hummus __knowledge__ The earliest known recipes for a dish similar to \"hummus bi tahina\" are recorded in cookbooks written in Cairo in the 13th century.", "Hummus __knowledge__ A cold purée of chickpeas with vinegar and pickled lemons with herbs, spices, and oil, but no tahini or garlic, appears in the \"Kanz al-Fawa'id fi Tanwi' al-Mawa'id\"; and a purée of chickpeas and tahini called \"hummus kasa\" appears in the \"Kitab Wasf al-Atima al-Mutada\": it is based on puréed chickpeas and tahini, and acidulated with vinegar (though not lemon), but it also contains many spices, herbs, and nuts, and no garlic." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hummus __knowledge__ Hummus (, , or ; , full Arabic name: hummus bi tahini ) is a Levantine dip or spread made from cooked, mashed chickpeas or other beans, blended with tahini, olive oil, lemon juice, salt and garlic.", "Hummus __knowledge__ It is popular in the Middle East and in Middle Eastern cuisine around the globe.", "Hummus __knowledge__ It can also be found in most grocery stores in North America and Europe.", "Hummus __knowledge__ \"Hummus\" comes from the Arabic word meaning \"chickpeas\", and the complete name of the prepared spread in Arabic is \"ḥummuṣ bi ṭaḥīna\" which means \"chickpeas with tahini\".", "Hummus __knowledge__ Spelling of the word in English can be inconsistent.", "Hummus __knowledge__ \"Hummus\" is the most common spelling in both American and British English.", "Hummus __knowledge__ The spelling \"houmous\" is however common enough in British English to be also listed as a less common spelling in some UK dictionaries but not, for example, in the Cambridge online dictionary.", "Hummus __knowledge__ Some US dictionaries also list other spellings such as \"humus\", \"hommus\", and \"hommos\", but not Merriam-Webster, for example.", "Hummus __knowledge__ The earliest known recipes for a dish similar to \"hummus bi tahina\" are recorded in cookbooks written in Cairo in the 13th century.", "Hummus __knowledge__ A cold purée of chickpeas with vinegar and pickled lemons with herbs, spices, and oil, but no tahini or garlic, appears in the \"Kanz al-Fawa'id fi Tanwi' al-Mawa'id\"; and a purée of chickpeas and tahini called \"hummus kasa\" appears in the \"Kitab Wasf al-Atima al-Mutada\": it is based on puréed chickpeas and tahini, and acidulated with vinegar (though not lemon), but it also contains many spices, herbs, and nuts, and no garlic.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue.", "Taste __knowledge__ Taste, along with smell (olfaction) and trigeminal nerve stimulation (registering texture, pain, and temperature), determines flavors of food or other substances.", "Taste __knowledge__ Humans have taste receptors on taste buds (gustatory calyculi) and other areas including the upper surface of the tongue and the epiglottis.", "Taste __knowledge__ The gustatory cortex is responsible for the perception of taste.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ \"Say Yes\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Michelle Williams, taken from her fourth studio album \"Journey to Freedom\" (2014).", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ It features Williams' former Destiny's Child groupmates Beyoncé and Kelly Rowland.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Williams, Carmen Reece, Al Sherrod Lambert and Harmony Samuels who also produced it.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ E1 Music released \"Say Yes\" as the album's third single on June 2, 2014.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ \"Say Yes\" marks the third time the trio collaborated as solo artists following the disbandment of their group in 2006.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Say Yes\" is an uptempo gospel and pop song, which takes influence from dance music.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ A grocery store is a retail store that primarily sells food.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ A grocer is a bulk seller of food.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ Grocery stores often offer non-perishable food that is packaged in bottles, boxes, and cans; some also have bakeries, butchers, delis, and fresh produce.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ Large grocery stores that stock significant amounts of non-food products, such as clothing and household items, are called supermarkets.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ Some large supermarkets also include a pharmacy, and customer service, redemption, and electronics sections.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ In Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, supermarkets and convenience stores are sometimes described as grocery businesses, or simply grocers.", "District Grocery Stores __knowledge__ District Grocery Stores (DGS) was a cooperative of small single-room grocery stores in Washington, DC, Maryland and Northern Virginia.", "District Grocery Stores __knowledge__ It operated from 1921 to 1972.", "District Grocery Stores __knowledge__ The goal was to leverage the volume of purchasing power of the cooperative to negotiate better prices from wholesalers and therefore improve their competitiveness.", "District Grocery Stores __knowledge__ The cooperative started with 20 members to grow to 300 members at its peak.", "District Grocery Stores __knowledge__ The stores were scattered all over the city and was a familiar site for all who grow up in Washington, DC in the 1950s and 1960s.", "District Grocery Stores __knowledge__ The District Grocery Society started in 1921 with 20 members.", "District Grocery Stores __knowledge__ Meeting in Mr. Hornstein's store, these store owners get together to stop declining sales and avoid closure of their stores.", "Convenience store __knowledge__ A convenience store is a small retail business that stocks a range of everyday items such as groceries, snack foods, confectionery, soft drinks, tobacco products, over-the-counter drugs, toiletries, newspapers, and magazines.", "Convenience store __knowledge__ In some jurisdictions, corner stores are licensed to sell alcohol, typically beer and wine.", "Convenience store __knowledge__ Such stores may also offer money order and wire transfer services.", "Convenience store __knowledge__ They differ from general stores and village shops in that they are not in a rural location and are used as a convenient supplement to larger stores.", "Convenience store __knowledge__ A convenience store may be part of a gas/petrol station, so customers can purchase goods conveniently while filling their vehicle with fuel.", "Supermarket shortage __knowledge__ Supermarket shortages have been identified in many American urban neighborhoods, and such gaps in food access have been closely correlated with diet-related diseases such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes.", "Supermarket shortage __knowledge__ The shortage began when many supermarkets left mixed-income central city neighborhoods after civil disturbances in the late 1960s and 1970s.", "Supermarket shortage __knowledge__ By 1984, store openings exceeded closings nationally but the opposite held in cities and the trend continues.", "Supermarket shortage __knowledge__ The reluctance of large chains to open in urban areas is termed by some activists, \"supermarket redlining.\"", "Supermarket shortage __knowledge__ A second study that controlled for population and percent African American found that supermarkets in 1970 were preferred to locate in urban areas with high poverty and low income.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., doing business as Walmart, is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart has 11,703 stores and clubs in 28countries, operating under 59 differentnames.", "Walmart __knowledge__ The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada, as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America, as Asda in the United Kingdom, as the Seiyu Group in Japan, and as Best Price in India.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hummus __knowledge__ Hummus (, , or ; , full Arabic name: hummus bi tahini ) is a Levantine dip or spread made from cooked, mashed chickpeas or other beans, blended with tahini, olive oil, lemon juice, salt and garlic.", "Hummus __knowledge__ It is popular in the Middle East and in Middle Eastern cuisine around the globe.", "Hummus __knowledge__ It can also be found in most grocery stores in North America and Europe.", "Hummus __knowledge__ \"Hummus\" comes from the Arabic word meaning \"chickpeas\", and the complete name of the prepared spread in Arabic is \"ḥummuṣ bi ṭaḥīna\" which means \"chickpeas with tahini\".", "Hummus __knowledge__ Spelling of the word in English can be inconsistent.", "Hummus __knowledge__ \"Hummus\" is the most common spelling in both American and British English.", "Hummus __knowledge__ The spelling \"houmous\" is however common enough in British English to be also listed as a less common spelling in some UK dictionaries but not, for example, in the Cambridge online dictionary.", "Hummus __knowledge__ Some US dictionaries also list other spellings such as \"humus\", \"hommus\", and \"hommos\", but not Merriam-Webster, for example.", "Hummus __knowledge__ The earliest known recipes for a dish similar to \"hummus bi tahina\" are recorded in cookbooks written in Cairo in the 13th century.", "Hummus __knowledge__ A cold purée of chickpeas with vinegar and pickled lemons with herbs, spices, and oil, but no tahini or garlic, appears in the \"Kanz al-Fawa'id fi Tanwi' al-Mawa'id\"; and a purée of chickpeas and tahini called \"hummus kasa\" appears in the \"Kitab Wasf al-Atima al-Mutada\": it is based on puréed chickpeas and tahini, and acidulated with vinegar (though not lemon), but it also contains many spices, herbs, and nuts, and no garlic.", "Welsh rarebit __knowledge__ Welsh rarebit (spelling based on folk etymology) or Welsh rabbit (original spelling) is a dish made with a savoury sauce of melted cheese and various other ingredients and served hot, after being poured over slices (or other pieces) of toasted bread, or the hot cheese sauce may be served in a chafing dish like a fondue, accompanied by sliced, toasted bread.", "Welsh rarebit __knowledge__ The names of the dish originate from 18th-century Britain.", "Welsh rarebit __knowledge__ Despite the name, the dish contains no rabbit meat.", "Welsh rarebit __knowledge__ Recipes for Welsh rarebit include the addition of ale, mustard, ground cayenne pepper or ground paprika and Worcestershire sauce.", "Welsh rarebit __knowledge__ The sauce may also be made by blending cheese and mustard into a Béchamel sauce.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ Dish Network (often stylized as DISH Network, or just simply DISH) is an American-based direct-broadcast satellite service provider.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company provides satellite television, audio programming, and interactive television services to commercial and residential customers in the United States.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ , the company provided services to 13.7 million television and 580,000 broadband subscribers.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company has approximately 16,000 employees.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ The company is headquartered in Meridian, Colorado, though the postal designation of nearby Englewood, Colorado is used in the corporate mailing.", "Dish Network __knowledge__ In January 2008, Dish Network was spun off from its former parent company EchoStar, which was founded by Charlie Ergen as a satellite television equipment distributor in 1980.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ In the early 2000s, Dish Network received criticism regarding controversial technology and carriage disputes with programming providers.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ Most notably, when the Hopper digital video recorder provided an easy way for viewers to watch certain programming without commercials, major networks sued Dish Network.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ Dish Network's Hopper digital video recorder, announced in January 2012, led to controversy over a feature, called \"AutoHop\", which allows viewers to watch some programming without commercials, subject to time restrictions.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ AutoHop is an extension of the DVR's prime time recording capability.", "Criticism of Dish Network __knowledge__ When enabled, the feature records but hides commercials, giving viewers the option of viewing primetime programming on the four major networks commercial-free.", "Fox Broadcasting Co. v. Dish Network, LLC __knowledge__ Fox Broadcasting Co. v. Dish Network, LLC (C.D.", "Fox Broadcasting Co. v. Dish Network, LLC __knowledge__ Cal.", "Fox Broadcasting Co. v. Dish Network, LLC __knowledge__ January 12, 2015) is a copyright case in which the United States District Court for the Central District of California, by granting partial summary judgment, denied most parts of the copyright claims presented by Fox Broadcasting (Fox) against Dish Network (Dish) for its service, a DVR-like device that allowed users to record programming that could be accessed later through any Internet-connected device (Dish Anywhere).", "Fox Broadcasting Co. v. Dish Network, LLC __knowledge__ The service offered by Dish also allowed users to record any or all Fox’s (and the four major broadcast networks) prime-time programs (Prime Time Any Time or PTAT) and to automatically skips commercials (AutoHop).", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Palestinian cuisine __knowledge__ Palestinian cuisine consists of foods from or commonly eaten by Palestinians—which includes those living in Palestine, Israel, Jordan, refugee camps in nearby countries as well as by the Palestinian diaspora.", "Palestinian cuisine __knowledge__ The cuisine is a diffusion of the cultures of civilizations that settled in the region of Palestine, particularly during and after the Islamic era beginning with the Arab Ummayad conquest, then the eventual Persian-influenced Abbasids and ending with the strong influences of Turkish cuisine, resulting from the coming of the Ottoman Turks.", "Palestinian cuisine __knowledge__ It is similar to other Levantine cuisines, including Lebanese, Syrian and Jordanian.", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ Many cuisines feature eggplant salads and appetizers.", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ \"Baba ghanoush\" (Arabic بابا غنوج \"bābā ghanūj\") is a popular Levantine dish of eggplant (aubergine) mashed and mixed with various seasonings.", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ Frequently the eggplant is baked or broiled over an open flame before peeling, so that the pulp is soft and has a smoky taste.", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ Baba ghanoush is usually eaten as a dip with pita bread, and is sometimes added to other dishes.", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ It is usually of an earthy light brown color.", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ In Ethiopia, this dish is commonly known as \"blagadoush\".", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ Similar to baba ghanoush is another Levantine dish \"mutabbal\" (متبل lit.", "Eggplant salads and appetizers __knowledge__ 'spiced'), which also includes mashed cooked aubergines and tahini, and mixed with salt, pepper, olive oil, and anar seeds.", "Tahini __knowledge__ Tahini (also tahina ; ), also known as Ardeh (Persian: ارده), is a condiment made from toasted ground hulled sesame seeds.", "Tahini __knowledge__ Tahini is served as a dip on its own or as a major component of hummus, baba ghanoush, and halva.", "Tahini __knowledge__ Tahini is used in the cuisines of the eastern Mediterranean region, from the Balkans, South Caucasus and Middle East to Northern Africa.", "Tahini __knowledge__ It is also widely used in Chinese and South East Asian cuisine, notably Vietnamese cuisine.", "Tahini __knowledge__ Tahini is a loanword from , or more accurately ' , is derived from the root ' which as a verb \" means \"to grind\", the same root as , \"flour\" in some dialects.", "Garlic __knowledge__ Garlic (scientific name Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, \"Allium\".", "Garlic __knowledge__ Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chive, and \"Chinese onion\".", "Garlic __knowledge__ Garlic is native to Central Asia and northeastern Iran, and has long been a common seasoning worldwide, with a history of several thousand years of human consumption and use.", "Garlic __knowledge__ It was known to Ancient Egyptians, and has been used both as a food flavoring and as a traditional medicine.", "Garlic __knowledge__ \"Allium sativum\" is a bulbous plant.", "Garlic __knowledge__ It grows up to 1.2 m (4 ft) in height.", "Garlic __knowledge__ Its hardiness is USDA Zone 8.", "Garlic __knowledge__ It produces hermaphrodite flowers.", "Garlic __knowledge__ It is pollinated by bees and other insects.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States." ] ]

[ 3, 1, 0 ]

[ "Do you enjoy hummus? You can find it in most grocery stores in the United States.", "I make it myself it's easy. You make a mash of chickpeas, some tahini, lemon juice, salt, garlic and olive oil!", "It originated in the Middle East but the actual country who created it stirs up controversy!" ]

[ "Hummus", "Hummus", "Hummus" ]

[ "Wisconsin\nHi, have you ever been to the state of Wisconsin?", "What is a hi-hat?", "Are you a drummer?", "Who is your favorite drummer?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin () is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ The state capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee, which is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ The state is divided into 72 counties.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin's geography is diverse, with the Northern Highland and Western Upland along with a part of the Central Plain occupying the western part of the state and lowlands stretching to the shore of Lake Michigan.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin is known as \"America's Dairyland\" because it is one of the nation's leading dairy producers, particularly famous for its cheese.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Manufacturing, especially paper products, information technology (IT), cranberries, and tourism are also major contributors to the state's economy.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ The word \"Wisconsin\" originates from the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian-speaking Native American groups living in the region at the time of European contact.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ Delco Hi-Q, formerly Kimberly-Clark Hi-Q, or just Hi-Q is an academic quiz competition in Delaware County, Pennsylvania.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ It was founded in 1948, and is now an intracounty competition of high school students in six different states: Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Washington, Ohio, Florida, and Alabama.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ Delco Hi-Q is the oldest continuous academic quiz competition in the United States.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ It was started as radio quiz program for high school students in Delaware County, Pennsylvania by the Scott Paper Company, which ran it as a community relations program.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ \"Hi\" represented \"High School\" and \"Q\" represented \"I.Q.\"", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2009–10 season is Sunderland's third consecutive season in the top division of English football, the Premier League.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Ricky Sbragia was replaced by Steve Bruce in the close season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ His aim is to improve on the club's 16th position the previous season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in the Premier League with 24 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Andy Reid was the top scorer in the League Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Fraizer Campbell was the top scorer in the FA Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in all competitions with 25 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ At the end of the season, Darren Bent won both the club's official Player of the Season and the SAFC Supporters' Association awards.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ In January 2004, Sony announced the Hi-MD media storage format as a further development of the MiniDisc format.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ With its release in later 2004, came the ability to use newly developed, high-capacity 1 gigabyte Hi-MD discs, sporting the same dimensions as regular MiniDiscs.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The Hi-MD format can be considered obsolete as the last recorder/player was discontinued in 2011.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The discs themselves were withdrawn from sale in September 2012, though regular MiniDiscs are still available ().", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ Hi-MD offers the choice of several codecs for audio recording: PCM, Hi-SP and Hi-LP, each selectable on the Hi-MD Walkman itself.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ Hi-5 is an Australian children's television series, originally produced by Kids Like Us and later Southern Star for the Nine Network and created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The program is known for its educational content, and for the cast of the program, who became a recognised musical group for children outside of the series, known collectively as Hi-5.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ It has generated discussion about what is considered appropriate television for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series premiered in April 1999 on the Nine Network.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series is designed for a pre-school audience, featuring five performers who educate and entertain through music, movement and play.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ A hi-hat, also spelled hihat or high-hat, is a combination of two cymbals, a foot-operated pedal which moves a rod which in turn moves one of the cymbals, all mounted on a metal stand.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ Hihats are an essential part of the standard drum kit used by drummers in many popular music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ every genre of rock music) and traditional music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ blues) styles.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ It consists of a mating pair of small to medium-sized cymbals mounted on a stand, with the two cymbals facing each other.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ The bottom cymbal is fixed and the top is mounted on a rod which moves the top cymbal towards the bottom one when a foot pedal is depressed (a hihat that is in this position is said to be \"closed\" or \"closed hihats\")." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin () is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ The state capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee, which is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ The state is divided into 72 counties.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin's geography is diverse, with the Northern Highland and Western Upland along with a part of the Central Plain occupying the western part of the state and lowlands stretching to the shore of Lake Michigan.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin is known as \"America's Dairyland\" because it is one of the nation's leading dairy producers, particularly famous for its cheese.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Manufacturing, especially paper products, information technology (IT), cranberries, and tourism are also major contributors to the state's economy.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ The word \"Wisconsin\" originates from the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian-speaking Native American groups living in the region at the time of European contact.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ A hi-hat, also spelled hihat or high-hat, is a combination of two cymbals, a foot-operated pedal which moves a rod which in turn moves one of the cymbals, all mounted on a metal stand.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ Hihats are an essential part of the standard drum kit used by drummers in many popular music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ every genre of rock music) and traditional music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ blues) styles.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ It consists of a mating pair of small to medium-sized cymbals mounted on a stand, with the two cymbals facing each other.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ The bottom cymbal is fixed and the top is mounted on a rod which moves the top cymbal towards the bottom one when a foot pedal is depressed (a hihat that is in this position is said to be \"closed\" or \"closed hihats\").", "Drum kit __knowledge__ A drum kit — also called a drum set, trap set, or simply drums — is a collection of drums and other percussion instruments, typically cymbals, which are set up on stands to be played by a single player, with drumsticks held in both hands, and the feet operating pedals that control the hi-hat cymbal and the beater for the bass drum.", "Drum kit __knowledge__ A drum kit consists of a mix of drums (categorized classically as membranophones, Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 2) and idiophones - most significantly cymbals, but can also include the woodblock and cowbell (classified as Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 1).", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ V-Drums is a variety of electronic drums, drum brain modules, and related electronic percussion product manufactured and trademarked by Roland Corporation.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ The primary V-Drums products are complete electronic drum kits.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ These vary in price and complexity, ranging from a few hundred dollars to approximately US$7,499 (MAP-Minimum Advertised Price).", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ Components such as additional pads, cymbal pads, triggers, mounting hardware, and modules are also sold individually to augment an existing kit.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ Like most electronic drum modules, V-Drums drum modules are MIDI-capable.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ This enables the player to use a V-Drums kit to control not only the kit itself, but other MIDI-capable instruments, such as digital samplers.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2009–10 season is Sunderland's third consecutive season in the top division of English football, the Premier League.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Ricky Sbragia was replaced by Steve Bruce in the close season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ His aim is to improve on the club's 16th position the previous season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in the Premier League with 24 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Andy Reid was the top scorer in the League Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Fraizer Campbell was the top scorer in the FA Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in all competitions with 25 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ At the end of the season, Darren Bent won both the club's official Player of the Season and the SAFC Supporters' Association awards.", "A Day at the Races (film) __knowledge__ A Day at the Races (1937) is the seventh film starring the Marx Brothers, with Margaret Dumont, Allan Jones, and Maureen O'Sullivan.", "A Day at the Races (film) __knowledge__ Like their previous Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer feature \"A Night at the Opera\", this film was a major hit.", "A Day at the Races (film) __knowledge__ Hugo Z. Hackenbush (Groucho Marx) is a veterinarian who is hired as chief of staff for the Standish Sanitarium, owned by Judy Standish (Maureen O'Sullivan), at the insistence of her most important patient, the wealthy Mrs. Emily Upjohn, (Margaret Dumont), who insists on being treated only by Dr. Hackenbush.", "A Day at the Races (film) __knowledge__ The Sanitarium has fallen on hard times, and banker J.D.", "A Day at the Races (film) __knowledge__ Morgan (Douglas Dumbrille) is attempting to gain control of the sanitarium in order to convert the building into a casino.", "Hat __knowledge__ A hat is a head covering which is worn for various reasons, including protection against weather conditions, ceremonial reasons such as university graduation, religious reasons, safety, or as a fashion accessory.", "Hat __knowledge__ In the past, hats were an indicator of social status.", "Hat __knowledge__ In the military, hats may denote nationality, branch of service, rank or regiment.", "Hat __knowledge__ Police typically wear distinctive hats such as peaked caps or brimmed hats, such as those worn by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.", "Hat __knowledge__ Some hats have a protective function.", "Hat __knowledge__ As examples, the hard hat protects construction workers' heads from injury by falling objects and a British police Custodian helmet protects the officer's head, a sun hat shades the face and shoulders from the sun, a cowboy hat protects against sun and rain and a Ushanka fur hat with fold-down earflaps keeps the head and ears warm.", "Panama hat __knowledge__ A Panama hat (toquilla straw hat) is a traditional brimmed straw hat of Ecuadorian origin.", "Panama hat __knowledge__ Traditionally, hats were made from the plaited leaves of the \"Carludovica palmata\" plant, known locally as the \"toquilla palm\" or \"jipijapa palm\", although it is a palm-like plant rather than a true palm.", "Panama hat __knowledge__ Panama hats are light-colored, lightweight, and breathable, and often worn as accessories to summer-weight suits, such as those made of linen or silk.", "Panama hat __knowledge__ The tightness, the finesse of the weave, and the time spent in weaving a complete hat out of the toquilla straw characterize its quality.", "Panama hat __knowledge__ Beginning around the turn of the 20th century, these hats became popular as tropical and seaside accessories owing to their ease of wear and breathability.", "Herrad of Landsberg __knowledge__ Herrad of Landsberg (; 1130 – July 25, 1195) was a 12th-century Alsatian nun and abbess of Hohenburg Abbey in the Vosges mountains.", "Herrad of Landsberg __knowledge__ She was known as the author of the pictorial encyclopedia \"Hortus deliciarum\" (\"The Garden of Delights\").", "Herrad of Landsberg __knowledge__ Born about 1130 at the castle of Landsberg, the seat of a noble Alsatian family, she entered Hohenburg Abbey in the Vosges mountains, about fifteen miles from Strasbourg, at an early age.", "Herrad of Landsberg __knowledge__ Hohenburg Abbey, also known as Mont St Odile, was run by Abbess Relinda, a nun sent from the Benedictine monastery of Bergen in Bavaria.", "Herrad of Landsberg __knowledge__ Due to her support from the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa the abbey was extremely successful and powerful, as well as a source for reform.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ A fishing rod is a long, flexible rod used to catch fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ At its simplest, a fishing rod is a simple stick or pole attached to a line ending in a hook (formerly known as an \"angle\", hence the term angling).", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ The length of the rod can vary between .", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ To entice fish, bait or lures are impaled on one or more hooks attached to the line.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ The line is generally stored on a reel which reduces tangles and assists in landing a fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ Traditionally rods are made from bamboo, while contemporary rods are usually made from fibreglass or carbon fibre.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ In contrast with nets, which are usually used in subsistence and commercial fishing, fishing rods are more often used in recreational fishing and competitive casting.", "Typeface __knowledge__ In typography, a typeface (also known as font family) is a set of one or more fonts each composed of glyphs that share common design features.", "Typeface __knowledge__ Each font of a typeface has a specific weight, style, condensation, width, slant, italicization, ornamentation, and designer or foundry (and formerly size, in metal fonts).", "Typeface __knowledge__ For example, \"ITC Garamond Bold Condensed Italic\" means the bold, condensed-width, italic version of ITC Garamond.", "Typeface __knowledge__ It is a different font from \"ITC Garamond Condensed Italic\" and \"ITC Garamond Bold Condensed,\" but all are fonts within the same typeface, \"ITC Garamond.\"", "Typeface __knowledge__ ITC Garamond is a different typeface from \"Adobe Garamond\" or \"Monotype Garamond.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin () is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ The state capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee, which is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ The state is divided into 72 counties.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin's geography is diverse, with the Northern Highland and Western Upland along with a part of the Central Plain occupying the western part of the state and lowlands stretching to the shore of Lake Michigan.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin is known as \"America's Dairyland\" because it is one of the nation's leading dairy producers, particularly famous for its cheese.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Manufacturing, especially paper products, information technology (IT), cranberries, and tourism are also major contributors to the state's economy.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ The word \"Wisconsin\" originates from the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian-speaking Native American groups living in the region at the time of European contact.", "Phil Collins __knowledge__ Philip David Charles Collins (born 30 January 1951) is an English drummer, singer-songwriter, record producer and actor.", "Phil Collins __knowledge__ He was the drummer and lead singer of the rock band Genesis and is also a solo artist.", "Phil Collins __knowledge__ Between 1982 and 1989, Collins scored three UK and seven US number-one singles in his solo career.", "Phil Collins __knowledge__ When his work with Genesis, his work with other artists, as well as his solo career is totalled, Collins had more US Top 40 singles than any other artist during the 1980s.", "Phil Collins __knowledge__ His most successful singles from the period include \"In the Air Tonight\", \"Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)\", \"One More Night\", \"Sussudio\", \"Two Hearts\" and \"Another Day in Paradise\".", "Keith Moon __knowledge__ Keith John Moon (23 August 1946 – 7 September 1978) was an English drummer for the rock band the Who.", "Keith Moon __knowledge__ He was noted for his unique style and his eccentric, often self-destructive behaviour.", "Keith Moon __knowledge__ His drumming continues to be praised by critics and musicians.", "Keith Moon __knowledge__ He was posthumously inducted into the \"Modern Drummer\" Hall of Fame in 1982, becoming only the second rock drummer to be chosen, and in 2011, Moon was voted the second-greatest drummer in history by a \"Rolling Stone\" readers' poll.", "Keith Moon __knowledge__ Moon grew up in Alperton, a suburb of Wembley, in Middlesex, and took up the drums during the early 1960s.", "Keith Moon __knowledge__ After playing with a local band, the Beachcombers, he joined the Who in 1964 before they recorded their first single.", "Drum kit __knowledge__ A drum kit — also called a drum set, trap set, or simply drums — is a collection of drums and other percussion instruments, typically cymbals, which are set up on stands to be played by a single player, with drumsticks held in both hands, and the feet operating pedals that control the hi-hat cymbal and the beater for the bass drum.", "Drum kit __knowledge__ A drum kit consists of a mix of drums (categorized classically as membranophones, Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 2) and idiophones - most significantly cymbals, but can also include the woodblock and cowbell (classified as Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 1).", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath were an English rock band, formed in Birmingham in 1968, by guitarist and main songwriter Tony Iommi, bassist and main lyricist Geezer Butler, singer Ozzy Osbourne, and drummer Bill Ward.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band helped define the genre with releases such as \"Black Sabbath\" (1970), \"Paranoid\" (1970) and \"Master of Reality\" (1971).", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ The band had multiple line-up changes, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history.", "Black Sabbath __knowledge__ Formed in 1968 as the Polka Tulk Blues Band, a blues rock band, the group went through line up changes, renamed themselves as Earth, broke up and reformed.", "Reni (musician) __knowledge__ Alan John \"Reni\" Wren (born 10 April 1964 in Manchester) is an English rock drummer and member of The Stone Roses.", "Reni (musician) __knowledge__ His laid-back style of complex, off-beat rhythms was influential in bringing about the blend of indie and dance music which formed much of the Manchester (or Madchester) sound of the day.", "Reni (musician) __knowledge__ He is considered by many industry insiders to be the best drummer of his generation and one renowned for his virtuoso abilities.The Guardian, June 2016, Music Blog During The Stone Roses, he could be easily identified by the now iconic bucket hat.", "Max Weinberg __knowledge__ Max Weinberg (born April 13, 1951) is an American drummer and television personality, most widely known as the longtime drummer for Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band and as the bandleader for Conan O'Brien on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" and \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\".", "Max Weinberg __knowledge__ Weinberg grew up in suburban New Jersey and began drumming at an early age.", "Max Weinberg __knowledge__ He attended college planning to be a lawyer but got his big break in music in 1974 when he won an audition to become the drummer for Springsteen.", "Max Weinberg __knowledge__ Weinberg became a mainstay of Springsteen's long concert performances.", "Max Weinberg __knowledge__ Springsteen dissolved the band in 1989, and Weinberg spent several years considering a law career and trying the business end of the music industry before deciding he wanted to continue with drumming.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ A musical ensemble, also known as a music group or musical group, is a group of people who perform instrumental or vocal music, with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ Some music ensembles consist solely of instruments, such as the jazz quartet or the orchestra.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ Some music ensembles consist solely of singers, such as choirs and doo wop groups.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ In both popular music and classical music, there are ensembles in which both instrumentalists and singers perform, such as the rock band or the Baroque chamber group for basso continuo (harpsichord and cello) and one or more singers.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ In classical music, trios or quartets either blend the sounds of musical instrument families (such as piano, strings, and wind instruments) or group together instruments from the same instrument family, such as string ensembles (e.g., string quartet) or wind ensembles (e.g., wind quintet).", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ A hi-hat, also spelled hihat or high-hat, is a combination of two cymbals, a foot-operated pedal which moves a rod which in turn moves one of the cymbals, all mounted on a metal stand.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ Hihats are an essential part of the standard drum kit used by drummers in many popular music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ every genre of rock music) and traditional music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ blues) styles.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ It consists of a mating pair of small to medium-sized cymbals mounted on a stand, with the two cymbals facing each other.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ The bottom cymbal is fixed and the top is mounted on a rod which moves the top cymbal towards the bottom one when a foot pedal is depressed (a hihat that is in this position is said to be \"closed\" or \"closed hihats\").", "Rock Band __knowledge__ Rock Band is a series of music video games developed by Harmonix and MTV Games, and distributed by Electronic Arts for the Nintendo DS, iOS, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PSP, Wii, Xbox One and Xbox 360 game systems.", "Rock Band __knowledge__ The series, inspired by Harmonix's previous efforts on the \"Guitar Hero\" series, allows up to four players to simulate the performance of popular rock music songs by playing with controllers modeled after musical instruments.", "Rock Band __knowledge__ Players can play the lead guitar, bass guitar, keyboard, and drums parts to songs, as well as sing into a USB microphone.", "Rock Band __knowledge__ Players are scored on their ability to match scrolling musical notes while playing instruments, and by their ability to match the singer's pitch on vocals.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ V-Drums is a variety of electronic drums, drum brain modules, and related electronic percussion product manufactured and trademarked by Roland Corporation.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ The primary V-Drums products are complete electronic drum kits.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ These vary in price and complexity, ranging from a few hundred dollars to approximately US$7,499 (MAP-Minimum Advertised Price).", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ Components such as additional pads, cymbal pads, triggers, mounting hardware, and modules are also sold individually to augment an existing kit.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ Like most electronic drum modules, V-Drums drum modules are MIDI-capable.", "Roland V-Drums __knowledge__ This enables the player to use a V-Drums kit to control not only the kit itself, but other MIDI-capable instruments, such as digital samplers.", "Manual transmission __knowledge__ A manual transmission, also known as a manual gearbox, stick shift, \"n\"-speed manual (where \"n\" is its number of forward gear ratios), standard, MT, or in colloquial U.S. English, a stick (for vehicles with hand-lever shifters), is a type of transmission used in motor vehicle applications.", "Manual transmission __knowledge__ It uses a driver-operated clutch engaged and disengaged by a foot pedal (automobile) or hand lever (motorcycle), for regulating torque transfer from the engine to the transmission; and a gear selector operated by hand (automobile) or by foot (motorcycle).", "Manual transmission __knowledge__ A conventional 5-speed manual transmission is often the standard equipment in a base-model vehicle, while more expensive manual vehicles are usually equipped with a 6-speed transmission instead; other options include automatic transmissions such as a traditional automatic (hydraulic planetary) transmission (often a manumatic), a semi-automatic transmission, or a continuously variable transmission (CVT).", "Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries __knowledge__ The modern timpani evolved in the 18th and 19th centuries from the simple 12th-century membranophone of the Naker to a complex instrument, consisting of a suspended kettle with a foot operated clutch, capable of rapid tuning.", "Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries __knowledge__ The technological evolution of the instrument led to increased interest in its capabilities and sound among such composers as Ludwig van Beethoven, Robert Schumann, and Hector Berlioz.", "Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries __knowledge__ Initially used only outdoors, the instrument underwent modifications in the 16th and 17th centuries that led to its incorporation into chamber ensembles.", "Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries __knowledge__ During the 18th and 19th centuries, modifications in its design and construction, and rising interest in the symphony orchestra led to changes not only to the ensemble's size, but also to composers' use of specific instruments within the orchestra.", "Timpani __knowledge__ Timpani (; ) or kettledrums (also informally called timps) are musical instruments in the percussion family.", "Timpani __knowledge__ A type of drum, they consist of a skin called a \"head\" stretched over a large bowl traditionally made of copper.", "Timpani __knowledge__ Most modern timpani are \"pedal timpani\" and can be tuned quickly and accurately to specific pitches by skilled players through the use of a movable foot-pedal..", "Timpani __knowledge__ They are played by striking the head with a specialized drum stick called a \"timpani stick\" or \"timpani mallet\".", "Timpani __knowledge__ Timpani evolved from military drums to become a staple of the classical orchestra by the last third of the 18th century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin () is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ The state capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee, which is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ The state is divided into 72 counties.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin's geography is diverse, with the Northern Highland and Western Upland along with a part of the Central Plain occupying the western part of the state and lowlands stretching to the shore of Lake Michigan.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Wisconsin is known as \"America's Dairyland\" because it is one of the nation's leading dairy producers, particularly famous for its cheese.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ Manufacturing, especially paper products, information technology (IT), cranberries, and tourism are also major contributors to the state's economy.", "Wisconsin __knowledge__ The word \"Wisconsin\" originates from the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian-speaking Native American groups living in the region at the time of European contact.", "Philly Joe Jones __knowledge__ Joseph Rudolph \"Philly Joe\" Jones (July 15, 1923 – August 30, 1985) was a Philadelphia-born American jazz drummer, known as the drummer for the first \"Great\" Miles Davis Quintet.", "Philly Joe Jones __knowledge__ He is sometimes confused with another influential jazz drummer, Papa Jo Jones.", "Philly Joe Jones __knowledge__ The two died only a few days apart.", "Philly Joe Jones __knowledge__ As a child, Jones appeared as a featured tap dancer on \"The Kiddie Show\" on the Philadelphia radio Station WIP.", "Philly Joe Jones __knowledge__ He was in the army during World War II.", "Philly Joe Jones __knowledge__ In 1947 he became the house drummer at Café Society in New York City, where he played with the leading bebop players of the day.", "Philly Joe Jones __knowledge__ Among them, the most important influence on Jones was Tadd Dameron.", "Bill Evans __knowledge__ William John Evans (, August 16, 1929 – September 15, 1980) was an American jazz pianist and composer who mostly worked in a trio setting.", "Bill Evans __knowledge__ Evans' use of impressionist harmony, inventive interpretation of traditional jazz repertoire, block chords, and trademark rhythmically independent, \"singing\" melodic lines continue to influence jazz pianists today.", "Bill Evans __knowledge__ Born in Plainfield, New Jersey, in 1929, he was classically trained, and studied at Southeastern Louisiana University and the Mannes School of Music, where he majored in composition and received the Artist Diploma.", "Bill Evans __knowledge__ In 1955, he moved to New York City, where he worked with bandleader and theorist George Russell.", "Sonny Rollins __knowledge__ Walter Theodore \"Sonny\" Rollins (born September 7, 1930) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist, widely recognized as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians.", "Sonny Rollins __knowledge__ In a seven-decade career, he has recorded at least sixty albums as leader and a number of his compositions, including \"St. Thomas\", \"Oleo\", \"Doxy\", \"Pent-Up House\", and \"Airegin\", have become jazz standards.", "Sonny Rollins __knowledge__ Rollins has been called \"the greatest living improviser\".", "Sonny Rollins __knowledge__ Rollins was born in New York City to parents from the United States Virgin Islands.", "Sonny Rollins __knowledge__ The youngest of three siblings, he grew up in central Harlem and on Sugar Hill, receiving his first alto saxophone at the age of seven or eight.", "Devolved (band) __knowledge__ Devolved is a technical metal band led by drummer/lyricist John Sankey, originally from the Gold Coast, Australia but now based in Los Angeles, California.", "Devolved (band) __knowledge__ The band has released four full-length albums and has toured extensively throughout Australia, Europe, the UK, America and Japan.", "Devolved (band) __knowledge__ In 1998 drummer John Sankey decided to start a new extreme metal band based at the Gold Coast, Australia and began writing material with local guitarist Brett Noordin.", "Devolved (band) __knowledge__ They then added bassist/vocalist Joel Graham and lead guitarist Mark Walpole were recruited and the original Devolved line-up was complete.", "Devolved (band) __knowledge__ Over the next year Devolved recorded an EP titled 'Truth' and rapidly built a strong following due to their intense live performances, one of which caused one fan to suffer an epileptic seizure during their show, the band have since been forced to include a warning for such a reaction on all promotion materials and releases.", "Jon Theodore __knowledge__ Jon Philip Theodore (born December 30, 1973) is an American drummer.", "Jon Theodore __knowledge__ He is best known as a former member of The Mars Volta and as the current drummer for Queens of the Stone Age.", "Jon Theodore __knowledge__ Theodore is also a member of One Day as a Lion.", "Jon Theodore __knowledge__ Known for his explosive, multi-textural playing style, Theodore was a member of both Golden and Royal Trux before joining The Mars Volta in 2001.", "Jon Theodore __knowledge__ Theodore remained within the band for five years, recording the band's first three studio albums, \"De-Loused in the Comatorium\" (2003), \"Frances the Mute\" (2005) and \"Amputechture\" (2006), before departing at the request of guitarist and bandleader Omar Rodríguez-López.", "Aaron Gillespie __knowledge__ Aaron Roderick Gillespie (born July 18, 1983) is an American musician, best known for being the original drummer and clean vocalist for the metalcore band Underoath, and the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the alternative rock band The Almost.", "Aaron Gillespie __knowledge__ Gillespie also maintains his own solo project, and released his debut full-length album, \"Anthem Song\" on March 8, 2011.", "Aaron Gillespie __knowledge__ From 2013 to 2016, he was the touring drummer for Paramore.", "Aaron Gillespie __knowledge__ Aaron Roderick Gillespie was born on July 18, 1983, in Clearwater, Florida.", "Aaron Gillespie __knowledge__ Ever since he was born, he has been nearly blind in his left eye.", "Aaron Gillespie __knowledge__ He grew up in a devout Christian family, attended private schools, and went to church regularly.", "Harold Jones (drummer) __knowledge__ Harold Jones (born February 27, 1940) is an American traditional pop and jazz drummer who is best known as the drummer for Tony Bennett and for his five years with the Count Basie Orchestra.", "Harold Jones (drummer) __knowledge__ In a career spanning six decades, Jones has toured and recorded with Frank Sinatra, Duke Ellington, Oscar Peterson, Herbie Hancock, B.B.", "Harold Jones (drummer) __knowledge__ King, and Ray Charles.", "Harold Jones (drummer) __knowledge__ He has also played with major symphony orchestras, including those in Boston, Atlanta, Chicago, London, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Vienna.", "Harold Jones (drummer) __knowledge__ Jones' parents encouraged his childhood musical development.", "Harold Jones (drummer) __knowledge__ Already a skilled drummer by high school, his mother drove him to Indianapolis, Indiana, to perform with Wes Montgomery, who left the stage with his band while Jones played a twenty-minute drum solo.", "Drum kit __knowledge__ A drum kit — also called a drum set, trap set, or simply drums — is a collection of drums and other percussion instruments, typically cymbals, which are set up on stands to be played by a single player, with drumsticks held in both hands, and the feet operating pedals that control the hi-hat cymbal and the beater for the bass drum.", "Drum kit __knowledge__ A drum kit consists of a mix of drums (categorized classically as membranophones, Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 2) and idiophones - most significantly cymbals, but can also include the woodblock and cowbell (classified as Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 1).", "Electronic drum __knowledge__ An electronic drum, also known as electric drums, digital drums, or electronic percussion, is a modern electronic musical instrument, a special type of synthesizer or sampler, primarily designed to serve as an alternative to an acoustic drum kit or other percussion instruments.", "Electronic drum __knowledge__ An electronic drum consists of an electronic or digital sound module which produces the synthesized or sampled percussion sounds and one or more electric sensors to trigger the sounds.", "Electronic drum __knowledge__ Like regular drums, the sensors are struck by drum sticks or by the hands (depending on the type of drum pad) and they are played in a similar manner as an acoustic drum kit.", "Keith Moon __knowledge__ Keith John Moon (23 August 1946 – 7 September 1978) was an English drummer for the rock band the Who.", "Keith Moon __knowledge__ He was noted for his unique style and his eccentric, often self-destructive behaviour.", "Keith Moon __knowledge__ His drumming continues to be praised by critics and musicians.", "Keith Moon __knowledge__ He was posthumously inducted into the \"Modern Drummer\" Hall of Fame in 1982, becoming only the second rock drummer to be chosen, and in 2011, Moon was voted the second-greatest drummer in history by a \"Rolling Stone\" readers' poll.", "Keith Moon __knowledge__ Moon grew up in Alperton, a suburb of Wembley, in Middlesex, and took up the drums during the early 1960s.", "Keith Moon __knowledge__ After playing with a local band, the Beachcombers, he joined the Who in 1964 before they recorded their first single.", "Rhythm game accessories __knowledge__ Rhythm game accessories are often required to play rhythm games available for various consoles, such as the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Wii, and Xbox 360.", "Rhythm game accessories __knowledge__ These include dance pads, guitar controllers, drum controllers, microphones and turntable controllers.", "Rhythm game accessories __knowledge__ With the exception of microphones, these controllers can generally be used to control any game (rhythm or otherwise), but have limited inputs, making them impractical for most games.", "Rhythm game accessories __knowledge__ Rhythm game controllers are generally cross-compatible with other rhythm games.", "Rhythm game accessories __knowledge__ For example, the drum-kit controller included with \"Guitar Hero World Tour\" functions properly when used in \"Rock Band\" games.", "Electronic drum module __knowledge__ An electronic drum module is an electronic or digital music device in an electronic drum kit that serves as the central processing unit and sound module.", "Electronic drum module __knowledge__ The drum module creates or produces the drum kit sounds or other sounds selected by the drummer.", "Electronic drum module __knowledge__ By itself, a drum module cannot play or sound drum beats.", "Electronic drum module __knowledge__ It only produces drum sounds when a performer strikes electronic drum pads or acoustic drum kit instruments that have electronic \"triggers\" (or sensors) attached to them.", "Electronic drum module __knowledge__ When the electronic drum pads or trigger-equipped instruments are struck, this sends a signal to the drum module, which produces the corresponding electronic drum sound (or other sound).", "Guitar Hero World Tour __knowledge__ Guitar Hero World Tour (initially referred to as Guitar Hero IV or Guitar Hero IV: World Tour) is a music rhythm game developed by Neversoft, published by Activision and distributed by RedOctane.", "Guitar Hero World Tour __knowledge__ It is the fourth main entry in the \"Guitar Hero\" series.", "Guitar Hero World Tour __knowledge__ The game was launched in North America in October 2008 for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Wii, and Xbox 360 consoles, and a month later for Europe and Australia.", "Guitar Hero World Tour __knowledge__ A version of \"World Tour\" for Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh was later released.", "Guitar Hero World Tour __knowledge__ While the game continues to feature the use of a guitar-shaped controller to simulate the playing of rock music, \"Guitar Hero World Tour\" is the first game in the \"Guitar Hero\" series to feature drum and microphone controllers for percussion and vocal parts, similar in manner to the competing \"Rock Band\" series of games.", "Snare drum __knowledge__ A snare drum or side drum is a percussion instrument that produces a sharp staccato sound when the head is struck with a drum stick, due to the use of a series of stiff wires held under tension against the lower skin.", "Snare drum __knowledge__ Snare drums are often used in orchestras, concert bands, marching bands, parades, drumlines, drum corps, and more.", "Snare drum __knowledge__ It is one of the central pieces in a drum set, a collection of percussion instruments designed to be played by a seated drummer, which is used in many genres of music.", "Snare drum __knowledge__ Snare drums are usually played with drum sticks, but other beaters such as the brush or the rute can be used to achieve very different sounds." ] ]

[ 40, 11, 22, 43 ]

[ "Hi-hats come in different sizes but all operate the same way using a rod.", "Foot pedal operated cymbals on a drum set.", "No, but I have seen a drum kit.", "Harold Jones drummer for Tony Bennett." ]

[ "Wisconsin", "Wisconsin", "Wisconsin", "Wisconsin" ]

[ "Sushi\nDo you like sushi? I don't eat meat but DO love sushi (only fish I'll eat)", "I like Shashimi which I think is just the fish, and do love sushi rolls with seaweed and fish and rice", "make a profit from growing rice? haven't they always made a profit?", "Does miso have rice? My miso only has tofu in it. Still sushi with raw fish is the best part of Japanese food. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Neneh Mariann Karlsson (born 10 March 1964), better known as Neneh Cherry, is a Swedish singer-songwriter, rapper, and occasional DJ and broadcaster.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ To date, Cherry has released four studio albums.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Her first, \"Raw Like Sushi\" was released 1989 and peaked at number 3 in the UK Singles Chart.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Her second studio album was 1992's \"Homebrew\", which was less successful.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ 4 years later she released \"Man\", and then released her most recent studio album \"Blank Project\" in 2014.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ In addition to releasing these studio albums, she formed the band cirKus in 2006 and has collaborated with The Thing, releasing an album entitled \"The Cherry Thing\" in 2012." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ A sushi machine or sushi robot is a mechanical device that automatically creates various styles of sushi.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Several are electrically powered.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines produce mounds of sushi rice for creating nigiri.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ This style of sushi machine may use a hopper that is filled with sushi rice, from where the rice is fed into the machine and the sushi rice mounds are formed and then ejected.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ After the rice mounds are ejected, sashimi and other ingredients are then manually placed atop them.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines can produce sushi rolls, whereby the machine automatically flattens rice into sheets, adds various ingredients such as sashimi, nori (edible seaweed) and vegetables, rolls them up and then slices the rolls into separate pieces.", "History of seafood __knowledge__ The harvesting and consuming of seafoods are ancient practices that may date back to at least the Upper Paleolithic period which dates to between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago.", "History of seafood __knowledge__ Isotopic analysis of the skeletal remains of Tianyuan man, a 40,000-year-old modern human from eastern Asia, has shown that he regularly consumed freshwater fish.", "History of seafood __knowledge__ Archaeology features such as shell middens, discarded fish bones and cave paintings show that sea foods were important for survival and consumed in significant quantities.", "History of seafood __knowledge__ During this period, most people lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle and were, of necessity, constantly on the move.", "Seaweed __knowledge__ Seaweed refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae.", "Seaweed __knowledge__ The term includes some types of red, brown, and green algae.", "Seaweed __knowledge__ Seaweed can also be classified by use (as food, medicine, fertilizer, filtration, industrial, etc.).", "Seaweed __knowledge__ \"Seaweed\" is a colloquial term and lacks a formal definition.", "Seaweed __knowledge__ A seaweed may belong to one of several groups of multicellular algae: the red algae, green algae, and brown algae.", "Seaweed __knowledge__ As these three groups do not have a common multicellular ancestor, the seaweed are in a polyphyletic group.", "Seaweed __knowledge__ In addition, some tuft-forming bluegreen algae (Cyanobacteria) are sometimes considered to be seaweed.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Rice __knowledge__ Rice is the seed of the grass species \"Oryza sativa\" (Asian rice) or \"Oryza glaberrima\" (African rice).", "Rice __knowledge__ As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia.", "Rice __knowledge__ It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes).", "Rice __knowledge__ Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Japanese rice refers to a number of short-grain cultivars of Japonica rice including ordinary rice (\"uruchimai\") and glutinous rice (\"mochigome\").", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Ordinary Japanese rice, or \"uruchimai\" () is the staple of the Japanese diet and consists of short translucent grains.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ When cooked it has a sticky texture such that it can easily be picked up and eaten with chopsticks.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Outside Japan it is sometimes labeled sushi rice, as this is one of its common uses.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ It is also used to produce sake.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Glutinous rice, known in Japan as \"mochigome\" (), is used for making mochi () and special dishes such as sekihan.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ It is a short-grain rice, and can be distinguished from \"uruchimai\" by its particularly short, round and opaque grains, its greater stickiness when cooked, and firmer and chewier texture.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ A rice cooker or rice steamer is an automated kitchen appliance designed to boil or steam rice.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It consists of a heat source, a cooking bowl, and a thermostat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The thermostat measures the temperature of the cooking bowl and controls the heat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Complex rice cookers may have many more sensors and other components, and may be multipurpose.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The term rice cooker formerly applied to non-automated dedicated rice-cooking utensils, which have an ancient history (a ceramic rice steamer dated to 1250 BC is on display in the British Museum).", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It now applies mostly to automated cookers.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Electric rice cookers were developed in Japan, where they are known as pressure cookers .", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Brown rice is whole grain rice, with the inedible outer hull removed; white rice is the same grain with the hull, bran layer and cereal germ removed.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Red rice, gold rice, and black rice (sometimes known as purple rice) are all whole rices, but with a differently-pigmented outer layer.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Any type of rice may be eaten whole.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Whole rice has a mild, nutty flavor, and is chewier.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Rice plants accumulate arsenic, and there have been concerns over excessive arsenic levels in rice.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ There is more arsenic in the bran, so brown rice contains more arsenic.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ The European Union has introduced regulations on arsenic in rice, but the United States has not." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Rice production in Vietnam __knowledge__ Rice production in Vietnam in the Mekong and Red River deltas is important to the food supply in the country and national economy.", "Rice production in Vietnam __knowledge__ Vietnam is one of world's richest agricultural regions and is the second-largest (after Thailand) exporter worldwide and the world's seventh-largest consumer of rice.", "Rice production in Vietnam __knowledge__ The Mekong Delta is the heart of the rice producing region of the country where water, boats, houses and markets coexist to produce a generous harvest of rice.", "Rice production in Vietnam __knowledge__ Vietnam's land area of 33 million ha has three ecosystems that dictate rice culture.", "Rice production in Vietnam __knowledge__ These are the southern delta (with its Mekong Delta dominating rice coverage), the northern delta (the tropical monsoon area with cold winters) and the highlands of the north (with upland rice varieties).", "Koreans in China __knowledge__ The population of Koreans in China include millions of descendants of Korean immigrants with citizenship of the People's Republic of China, as well as smaller groups of South and North Korean expatriates, with a total of roughly 2.3 million people , making it the largest ethnic Korean population living outside the Korean Peninsula.", "Koreans in China __knowledge__ Chaoxianzu (), Joseonjok or Chosŏnjok () form one of the 56 ethnicities officially recognized by the Chinese government.", "Koreans in China __knowledge__ Their total population was estimated at 1,923,842 and 1,830,929 according to the 2010 Chinese census.", "Koreans in China __knowledge__ High levels of emigration to South Korea, which has conversely reported a large increase in Chosŏnjok, are the likely cause of the drop.", "Economic history of Cambodia __knowledge__ Cambodia was a farming area in the first and second millennia BC.", "Economic history of Cambodia __knowledge__ States in the area engaged in trade in the Indian Ocean and exported rice surpluses.", "Economic history of Cambodia __knowledge__ Complex irrigation systems were built in the 9th century.", "Economic history of Cambodia __knowledge__ The French colonial period left the large feudal landholdings intact.", "Economic history of Cambodia __knowledge__ Roads and a railway were built, and rubber, rice and corn grown.", "Economic history of Cambodia __knowledge__ After independence Sihanouk pursued a policy of economic independence, securing aid and investment from a number of countries.", "Economic history of Cambodia __knowledge__ Bombing and other effects of the war during the Vietnam War damaged rice production.", "Economic history of Cambodia __knowledge__ Lon Nol had a policy of liberalising the economy.", "Paddy field __knowledge__ A paddy field is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing semiaquatic rice.", "Paddy field __knowledge__ Paddy cultivation should not be confused with cultivation of deep water rice, which is grown in flooded conditions with water more than 50 cm (20 in) deep for at least a month.", "Paddy field __knowledge__ Genetic evidence shows that all forms of paddy rice, both \"indica\" and \"japonica\", spring from a domestication of the wild rice \"Oryza rufipogon\" that first occurred 8,200–13,500 years ago South of the Yangtze River in present-day China.", "Paddy field __knowledge__ However, the domesticated \"indica\" subspecies currently appears to be a product of the introgression of favorable alleles from \"japonica\" at a later date, so that there are possibly several events of cultivation and domestication.", "Nueva Ecija __knowledge__ Nueva Ecija (; ; ; ) () (: 034900000; ) is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region.", "Nueva Ecija __knowledge__ Its capital is the city of Palayan.", "Nueva Ecija __knowledge__ Nueva Ecija borders, from the south clockwise, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Pangasinan, Nueva Vizcaya and Aurora.", "Nueva Ecija __knowledge__ The province is nationally-known as the \"Rice Granary of the Philippines\", producing the largest rice yield in the country.", "Nueva Ecija __knowledge__ Nueva Ecija was named by the Spanish colonizers after the city of Ecija, Spain.", "Nueva Ecija __knowledge__ Its indigenous names, such as Pinagpanaan, meaning \"the place where the arrow hit\" - defining the precolonial artistry in archery in the area, were abolished and changed by the government during the post-colonial period after World War II, sparking outrage from scholars and indigenous communities.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ The tendency of the rate of profit to fall (TRPF) is a hypothesis in economics and political economy, most famously expounded by Karl Marx in chapter 13 of \"Capital, Volume III\".", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ Although not accepted in 20th century mainstream economics, the existence of such a tendency was widely noted throughout the 19th century.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ Economists as diverse as Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, David Ricardo and Stanley Jevons referred explicitly to the TRPF as an empirical phenomenon that needed to be explained.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ They differed in the reasons they gave for why the TRPF might necessarily occur.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ In his 1857 \"Grundrisse\" manuscript, Karl Marx called the tendency of the rate of profit to fall \"the most important law of political economy\" and sought to give a causal explanation for it, in terms of his theory of capital accumulation.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European settlements from the start of colonization in the early 16th century until their incorporation into the United States of America.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ In the late 16th century, England, France, Spain, and the Netherlands launched major colonization programs in eastern North America.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Small early attempts sometimes disappeared, such as the English Lost Colony of Roanoke.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Everywhere, the death rate was very high among the first arrivals.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Nevertheless, successful colonies were established within several decades.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ European settlers came from a variety of social and religious groups, including adventurers, soldiers, farmers, and tradesmen, and some from the aristocracy.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Rice __knowledge__ Rice is the seed of the grass species \"Oryza sativa\" (Asian rice) or \"Oryza glaberrima\" (African rice).", "Rice __knowledge__ As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia.", "Rice __knowledge__ It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes).", "Rice __knowledge__ Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.", "1970s peasant revolts in Thailand __knowledge__ Thailand witnessed several uprisings by farmers from several central Thai provinces in the mid-1970s.", "1970s peasant revolts in Thailand __knowledge__ Thailand, transitioning to democratic government after nearly forty years of dictatorship, was beset by revolution involving several segments of the population.", "1970s peasant revolts in Thailand __knowledge__ Farmers were one of several politicized groups that rioted on the streets.", "1970s peasant revolts in Thailand __knowledge__ They implored for the Thai Prime Minister Thanom Kittikachorn to reduce their debt and to ensure fair rice prices.", "1970s peasant revolts in Thailand __knowledge__ These appeals were ignored, with the prime minister refusing to meet with farmers.", "1970s peasant revolts in Thailand __knowledge__ In their desperation, farmers tried to enact change by themselves.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ A sushi machine or sushi robot is a mechanical device that automatically creates various styles of sushi.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Several are electrically powered.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines produce mounds of sushi rice for creating nigiri.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ This style of sushi machine may use a hopper that is filled with sushi rice, from where the rice is fed into the machine and the sushi rice mounds are formed and then ejected.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ After the rice mounds are ejected, sashimi and other ingredients are then manually placed atop them.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines can produce sushi rolls, whereby the machine automatically flattens rice into sheets, adds various ingredients such as sashimi, nori (edible seaweed) and vegetables, rolls them up and then slices the rolls into separate pieces.", "Opium production in Afghanistan __knowledge__ Afghanistan's opium poppy production goes into more than 90% of heroin worldwide.", "Opium production in Afghanistan __knowledge__ Afghanistan has been the world's greatest illicit opium producer, ahead of Burma (Myanmar), the \"Golden Triangle\", and Latin America since 1992, excluding the year 2001.", "Opium production in Afghanistan __knowledge__ Afghanistan is the main producer of opium in the \"Golden Crescent\".", "Opium production in Afghanistan __knowledge__ Opium production in Afghanistan has been on the rise since U.S. occupation started in 2001.", "Opium production in Afghanistan __knowledge__ Based on UNODC data, opium poppy cultivation was more in each of the growing seasons in the periods between 2004 and 2007 than in any one year during Taliban rule.", "Opium production in Afghanistan __knowledge__ More land is now used for opium in Afghanistan than is used for coca cultivation in Latin America." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu, also known as bean curd, is a food cultivated by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is a component in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu can be soft, firm, or extra firm.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a subtle flavor and can be used in savory and sweet dishes.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is often seasoned or marinated to suit the dish.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a low calorie count and relatively large amounts of protein.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is high in iron, and it can have a high calcium or magnesium content, depending on the coagulants used in manufacturing (e.g.", "Tofu __knowledge__ calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate).", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Miso soup __knowledge__ The choice of miso paste for the miso soup defines a great deal of its character and flavor.", "Miso soup __knowledge__ Miso pastes (a traditional Japanese seasoning produced by fermenting soybeans with salt and the fungus \"Aspergillus oryzae\", known in Japanese as kōjikin (麹菌?", "Miso soup __knowledge__ ), and sometimes rice, barley, or other ingredients) can be categorized into red (\"akamiso\"), white (\"shiromiso\"), or mixed (\"awase\").", "Miso soup __knowledge__ There are many variations within these themes, including regional variations, such as Shinshū miso or Sendai miso.", "Miso soup __knowledge__ A miso paste that has been fermented for a longer period of time, such as a red miso, gives the miso soup a stronger, deeper flavor.", "Miso __knowledge__ Typically, \"miso\" is salty, but its flavor and aroma depend on various factors in the ingredients and fermentation process.", "Miso __knowledge__ Different varieties of miso have been described as salty, sweet, earthy, fruity, and savory.", "Miso __knowledge__ The origin of the miso of Japan is not completely clear.", "Miso __knowledge__ In the Kamakura era (1192–1333), a common meal was made up of a bowl of rice, some dried fish, a serving of miso, and a fresh vegetable.", "Miso __knowledge__ Until the Muromachi era (1337 to 1573), miso was made without grinding the soybeans, somewhat like \"nattō\".", "Miso __knowledge__ In the Muromachi era, Buddhist monks discovered that soybeans could be ground into a paste, spawning new cooking methods using miso to flavor other foods.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Glycine max, commonly known as soybean in North America or soya bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean which has numerous uses.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Fat-free (defatted) soybean meal is a significant and cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals.", "Soybean __knowledge__ For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients in many meat and dairy substitutes.", "Soybean __knowledge__ The beans contain significant amounts of phytic acid, dietary minerals and B vitamins.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Soy vegetable oil, used in food and industrial applications, is another product of processing the soybean crop.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States." ] ]

[ 1, 48, 57, 35 ]

[ "Sushi seems better prepared with white rice to me.", "Rice is a popular part of sushi, no doubt. I hope the farmers continue to make profit growing it.", "I hope they have. This helps many dishes like rice with miso soup.", "Yes, the miso soup depends on it in some parts of Asian countries." ]

[ "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi" ]

[ "Piano\nI would like to start playing the piano but I feel I do not know much about it.", "So thats what is going on inside those pianos. How long have pianos been around?", "That is incredible. Are they still fairly popular today?", "Oh really. That is something I never knew about pianos. Are there different types now?", "Very cool. I may have to look into lessons now." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records in the United States on May 25, 2011, as a promotional single.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ Serving as the opening track on \"4\", it was written and produced by The-Dream, Tricky Stewart .", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" was originally titled \"Nothing But Love\" and by Corey-Jackson Carter & The-Dream & he had initially planned to include it on his second studio album, \"Love vs. Money\" (2009).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ A down-tempo contemporary R&B and soul music power ballad, \"1+1\" Beyoncé expressing her endless love to her soul mate; the lyrics make strong statements about the power of the relationship.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is the film and television scores composed by various composers for the films and television series of that franchise.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Ramin Djawadi provided the first MCU music with his original score for \"Iron Man\" in 2008.", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Alan Silvestri was the first composer to work on multiple MCU films after he transitioned from scoring \"\" (2011) to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012), while Brian Tyler was the first composer to reference the work of another MCU composer when he quoted Silvestri's \"Captain America March\" in his score for \"\" (2013).", "Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Original music has also been composed for the Marvel One-Shots short film series, and other related projects of the MCU, including the fanfares for the two Marvel Studios logos, composed by Tyler and Michael Giacchino, respectively.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series \"The Monkees\", which aired from 1966 to 1968.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.", "Our Version of Events __knowledge__ Our Version of Events is the debut studio album by Scottish recording artist Emeli Sandé.", "Our Version of Events __knowledge__ The album was released on 13 February 2012 by Virgin Records, following Sandé's winning of the Critic's Choice Award at the BRIT Awards 2012.", "Our Version of Events __knowledge__ Though \"Our Version of Events\" is her first release, Sandé has been active in the industry since 2009, most notable appearing on singles by Chipmunk (\"Diamond Rings\") and Wiley (\"Never Be Your Woman\").", "Our Version of Events __knowledge__ The album features R&B, soul and pop music.", "Our Version of Events __knowledge__ Sandé began working with Alicia Keys for the album, and for Keys' upcoming album.", "Our Version of Events __knowledge__ She also expressed interest in working with Nicki Minaj on the album.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ Linda Maria Ronstadt (born July 15, 1946) is an American popular music singer known for singing in a wide range of genres including rock, country, jazz, light opera, and Latin.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has earned 11 Grammy Awards, three American Music Awards, two Academy of Country Music awards, an Emmy Award, and an ALMA Award, and many of her albums have been certified gold, platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ On July 28, 2014, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Steinway &amp; Sons __knowledge__ Steinway & Sons, also known as Steinway, () is an American-German piano company, founded in 1853 in Manhattan, New York City, the United States, by German immigrant Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg (later known as Henry E. Steinway).", "Steinway &amp; Sons __knowledge__ The company's growth led to the opening of a factory in Queens, New York City, the United States, and a factory in Hamburg, Germany.", "Steinway &amp; Sons __knowledge__ The factory in Queens supplies the Americas and the factory in Hamburg supplies the rest of the world.", "Steinway &amp; Sons __knowledge__ Steinway has been described as a prominent piano company, known for making pianos of high quality and for inventions within the area of piano development.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ A digital piano is a type of electronic keyboard designed to serve primarily as an alternative to the traditional piano, both in the way it feels to play and in the sound produced.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ It is intended to provide an accurate simulation of an acoustic piano.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ Some digital pianos are also designed to look like an ordinary piano, both the upright or grand piano.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ Digital pianos use either a synthesized emulation or samples of an actual piano, which are then amplified through an internal loudspeaker.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ Digital pianos incorporate weighted keys, which recreate the feel of an acoustic piano.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ While digital pianos may sometimes fall short of a real piano in feel and sound, they nevertheless have other advantages over acoustic pianos.", "Innovations in the piano __knowledge__ Piano construction is by now a rather conservative area; most of the technological advances were made by about 1900, and indeed it is possible that some contemporary piano buyers might actually be suspicious of pianos that are made differently from the older kind.", "Innovations in the piano __knowledge__ Yet piano manufacturers, especially the smaller ones, are still experimenting with ways to build better pianos.", "Innovations in the piano __knowledge__ In the early 21st century, the obvious way to raise the technological level of any mechanical device is to use digital technology to control it (compare the mid 19th century, where the obvious route was to make some of its parts from steel; e.g.", "Straube Piano Company __knowledge__ The Straube Piano Company (1895–1937) and its successor Straube Pianos Inc. (1937–1949) were American piano manufacturers of uprights, grands, players, and reproducing grands.", "Straube Piano Company __knowledge__ The years 1875 to 1932 were a golden age of piano making, a time when pianos had few competitors for home entertainment.", "Straube Piano Company __knowledge__ Straube manufactured pianos for the last thirty-seven of those years.", "Straube Piano Company __knowledge__ Industry-wide, nearly 364,545 pianos sold in the United States at the peak in 1909, according to the National Piano Manufacturers Association.", "Straube Piano Company __knowledge__ By comparison, in 2011, 41,000 were sold, along with 120,000 digital pianos and 1.1 million keyboards, according to \"Music Trades\" magazine.", "Grotrian-Steinweg __knowledge__ Grotrian-Steinweg, known as Grotrian in the US, is a German manufacturer of luxury pianos.", "Grotrian-Steinweg __knowledge__ The company is based in Braunschweig, Germany, commonly known as Brunswick in English.", "Grotrian-Steinweg __knowledge__ Grotrian-Steinweg makes premium grand pianos and upright pianos.", "Grotrian-Steinweg __knowledge__ Grotrian-Steinweg's history dates back to 1835 when the first Steinweg piano factory was built by Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg (later known as Henry Steinway after his emigration to the US where he founded Steinway & Sons).", "Grotrian-Steinweg __knowledge__ In 1856, Friedrich Grotrian became a partner; in 1865 his son Wilhelm Grotrian and two associates bought the factory and the right to market their pianos as successors to the Steinweg brand.", "C. Bechstein __knowledge__ C. Bechstein Pianofortefabrik AG (also known as Bechstein, ) is a German manufacturer of pianos, established in 1853 by Carl Bechstein.", "C. Bechstein __knowledge__ Young Carl Bechstein studied and worked in France and England as a piano craftsman, before he became an independent piano maker.", "C. Bechstein __knowledge__ His first pianos were made for other companies.", "C. Bechstein __knowledge__ C. Bechstein piano factory was founded on 1 October 1853 by Carl Bechstein in Berlin, Germany.", "C. Bechstein __knowledge__ Carl Bechstein set out to manufacture a piano able to withstand the great demands imposed on the instrument by the virtuosi of the time, such as Franz Liszt.", "C. Bechstein __knowledge__ In 1857, Hans von Bülow (Liszt's son-in-law) gave the first public performance on a Bechstein grand piano by performing Liszt's Piano Sonata in B minor in Berlin.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ A musical instrument is an instrument created or adapted to make musical sounds.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ In principle, any object that produces sound can be considered a musical instrument—it is through purpose that the object becomes a musical instrument.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ The history of musical instruments dates to the beginnings of human culture.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ Early musical instruments may have been used for ritual, such as a trumpet to signal success on the hunt, or a drum in a religious ceremony.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ Cultures eventually developed composition and performance of melodies for entertainment.", "Musical instrument __knowledge__ Musical instruments evolved in step with changing applications.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Music technology is the use of any device, mechanism, machine or tool by a musician or composer to make or perform music; to compose, notate, play back or record songs or pieces; or to analyze or edit music.", "Music technology __knowledge__ The earliest known applications of technology to music was prehistoric peoples' use of a tool to hand-drill holes in bones to make simple flutes.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians developed stringed instruments, such as harps, lyres and lutes, which required making thin strings and some type of peg system for adjusting the pitch of the strings.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians also used wind instruments such as double clarinets and percussion instruments such as cymbals.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco (; May 4, 1655 – January 27, 1731) was an Italian maker of musical instruments, generally regarded as the inventor of the piano.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ The available source materials on Cristofori's life include his birth and death records, two wills, the bills he submitted to his employers, and a single interview carried out by Scipione Maffei.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ From the latter, both Maffei's notes and the published journal article are preserved.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ Cristofori was born in Padua in the Republic of Venice.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ Nothing is known of his early life.", "Bartolomeo Cristofori __knowledge__ A tale is told that he served as an apprentice to the great violin maker Nicolò Amati, based on the appearance in a 1680 census record of a \"Christofaro Bartolomei\" living in Amati's house in Cremona.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "String instrument __knowledge__ String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.", "String instrument __knowledge__ Musicians play some string instruments by plucking the strings with their fingers or a plectrum—and others by hitting the strings with a light wooden hammer or by rubbing the strings with a bow.", "String instrument __knowledge__ In some keyboard instruments, such as the harpsichord , the musician presses a key that plucks the string.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With bowed instruments, the player rubs the strings with a horsehair bow, causing them to vibrate.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With a hurdy-gurdy, the musician operates a mechanical wheel that rubs the strings.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ On March 21, 1890, at a conference dedicated to the during the last civil war, Miguel de Unamuno delivered a lecture titled \"La última guerra carlista como materia poética\".", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ It was probably the first ever attempt to examine the Carlist motive in literature, as for the previous 57 years the subject had been increasingly present in poetry, drama and novel.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ However, it remains paradoxical that when Unamuno was offering his analysis, the period of great Carlist role in letters was just about to begin.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ It lasted for some quarter of a century, as until the late 1910s Carlism remained a key theme of numerous monumental works of Spanish literature.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", "Nissan Micra __knowledge__ The Nissan Micra, known in Latin America and in most of Asia as the Nissan , is a supermini produced by the Japanese manufacturer Nissan since 1982.", "Nissan Micra __knowledge__ The Nissan Micra was not sold in Korea and Southern Asia.", "Nissan Micra __knowledge__ In Japan, the Micra replaced the Japanese-market Nissan Cherry and was exclusive to Nissan Japanese dealership network \"Nissan Cherry Store\" until 1999, when the \"Cherry\" network was combined into Nissan Red Stage until 2003.", "Nissan Micra __knowledge__ Until Nissan began selling badge engineered superminis from other Japanese manufacturers the March was Nissan's smallest vehicle, and was not renamed and sold at other Japanese Nissan dealership networks.", "Sport utility vehicle __knowledge__ Sport-utility (vehicle), SUV or sport-ute is an automotive classification, typically a kind of station wagon / estate car with off-road vehicle features like raised ground clearance and ruggedness, and available four-wheel drive.", "Sport utility vehicle __knowledge__ Many SUVs are built on a light-truck chassis but operated as a family vehicle, and though designed to be used on rougher surfaces, most often used on city streets or highways.", "Sport utility vehicle __knowledge__ In recent years, in some countries the term SUV has replaced terms like \"Jeep\" or \"Land-Rover\" in the popular lexicon as a generic description for light 4WD vehicles.", "Sport utility vehicle __knowledge__ Many SUVs have an upright built body and tall interior packaging, a high seating position and center of gravity, and available all-wheel drive for off-road capability.", "List of The Incredibles characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the 2004 Disney/Pixar animated film \"The Incredibles\", its upcoming 2018 sequel \"Incredibles 2\", and other related media.", "List of The Incredibles characters __knowledge__ Robert \"Bob\" Parr (a.k.a.", "List of The Incredibles characters __knowledge__ Mr.", "List of The Incredibles characters __knowledge__ Incredible) (voiced by Craig T. Nelson in the films, Richard McGonagle in \"Rise of the Underminer\"), possesses tremendous strength and durability.", "List of The Incredibles characters __knowledge__ He also has enhanced senses.", "List of The Incredibles characters __knowledge__ He is married to Helen Parr, the superheroine known as Elastigirl, and they have three children together: Violet, Dash, and Jack-Jack.", "List of The Incredibles characters __knowledge__ Sometime after his marriage, Mr.", "List of The Incredibles characters __knowledge__ Incredible was sued by Oliver Sansweet for thwarting his suicide and the passengers of the train he stopped from running off the tracks which was part of the events that led to the government silently initiating the Superhero Relocation Program.", "Kalimán __knowledge__ Kalimán or Kalimán, the Incredible Man is a popular Mexican adventurer superhero created by Rafael Cutberto Navarro and Modesto Vázquez González in 1963 as the main character of a Radio drama with the same title which depicts the adventures of Kalimán, an Egyptian descendent of the Pharaohs, and his young companion Solín.", "Kalimán __knowledge__ Kalimán is very well known and popular across Latin America, and the radio series spawned into a comic book and a couple of movies.", "Kalimán __knowledge__ The adventures of Kalimán were published as a serialized weekly comic which was printed for twenty-six consecutive years, reaching its highest popularity in 1965, and it is still being quite popular today in reprints or paperbacks.", "Hardtack __knowledge__ Hardtack (or hard tack) is a simple type of biscuit or cracker, made from flour, water, and sometimes salt.", "Hardtack __knowledge__ Hardtack is inexpensive and long-lasting.", "Hardtack __knowledge__ It is used for sustenance in the absence of perishable foods, commonly during long sea voyages, land migrations, and military campaigns.", "Hardtack __knowledge__ The name derives from the British sailor slang for food, \"tack\".", "Hardtack __knowledge__ It is known by other names such as brewis (possibly a cognate with \"brose\"), cabin bread, pilot bread, sea biscuit, \"'soda crackers\"' sea bread (as rations for sailors), ship's biscuit, or ship biscuit, or pejoratively as \"dog biscuits\", \"molar breakers\", \"sheet iron\", \"tooth dullers\", or \"worm castles.\"", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European settlements from the start of colonization in the early 16th century until their incorporation into the United States of America.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ In the late 16th century, England, France, Spain, and the Netherlands launched major colonization programs in eastern North America.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Small early attempts sometimes disappeared, such as the English Lost Colony of Roanoke.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Everywhere, the death rate was very high among the first arrivals.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Nevertheless, successful colonies were established within several decades.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ European settlers came from a variety of social and religious groups, including adventurers, soldiers, farmers, and tradesmen, and some from the aristocracy.", "Beaker culture __knowledge__ The Bell-Beaker culture (sometimes shortened to Beaker culture, is the term for a widely scattered archaeological culture of prehistoric western and Central Europe, starting in the late Neolithic or Chalcolithic and running into the early Bronze Age (in British terminology).", "Beaker culture __knowledge__ The term was coined by John Abercromby, based on the culture's distinctive pottery beakers, which he interpreted as drinking vessels.", "Beaker culture __knowledge__ The Bell Beaker culture is understood as not only a particular pottery type, but also a complete and complex cultural phenomenon involving metalwork in copper, gold, archery, specific types of ornamentation and shared ideological, cultural and religious ideas.", "Jovan Vladimir __knowledge__ Jovan Vladimir or John Vladimir (; c. 990 – 22 May 1016) was the ruler of Duklja, the most powerful Serbian principality of the time, from around 1000 to 1016.", "Jovan Vladimir __knowledge__ He ruled during the protracted war between the Byzantine Empire and the First Bulgarian Empire.", "Jovan Vladimir __knowledge__ Vladimir was acknowledged as a pious, just, and peaceful ruler.", "Jovan Vladimir __knowledge__ He is recognized as a martyr and saint, with his feast day being celebrated on 22 May.", "Jovan Vladimir __knowledge__ Jovan Vladimir had a close relationship with Byzantium but this did not save Duklja from the expansionist Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria, who conquered the principality around 1010 and took Vladimir prisoner.", "History of France __knowledge__ The first written records for the history of France appear in the Iron Age.", "History of France __knowledge__ What is now France made up the bulk of the region known to the Romans as Gaul.", "History of France __knowledge__ Roman writers noted the presence of three main ethno-linguistic groups in the area: the Gauls, the Aquitani, and the Belgae.", "History of France __knowledge__ The Gauls, the largest and best attested group, were Celtic people speaking what is known as the Gaulish language.", "History of France __knowledge__ Over the course of the 1st millennium BC the Greeks, Romans and Carthaginians established colonies on the Mediterranean coast and the offshore islands.", "History of France __knowledge__ The Roman Republic annexed southern Gaul as the province of Gallia Narbonensis in the late 2nd century BC, and Roman forces under Julius Caesar conquered the rest of Gaul in the Gallic Wars of 58–51 BC.", "Maritje Kill __knowledge__ The Maritje Kill is a tributary of the Hudson River in Hyde Park, New York.", "Maritje Kill __knowledge__ Its source is three miles northeast of the village of Hyde Park, and it enters the Hudson at the Hyde Park campus of the Culinary Institute of America (CIA).", "Maritje Kill __knowledge__ The river's name uses an old Dutch version of the given name Marietje, meaning \"little Mary\".", "Maritje Kill __knowledge__ It is one of two major waterways in Hyde Park, and flows north to south through the town.", "Maritje Kill __knowledge__ The river was used by natives since around 1700 BCE, and farms and mills existed around the river from the 18th to mid-20th centuries.", "Maritje Kill __knowledge__ The Culinary Institute of America purchased part of the surrounding area in 1970.", "Pamlico __knowledge__ The Pamlico (also \"Pampticough\", \"Pomouik\", \"Pomeiok\") were a Native American people of North Carolina.", "Pamlico __knowledge__ They spoke an Algonquian language also known as \"Pamlico\" or \"Carolina Algonquian\".", "Pamlico __knowledge__ The Pamlico Indians lived on the Pamlico River in North Carolina.", "Pamlico __knowledge__ Named after them were Pamlico Sound, the largest sound in North Carolina, and Pamlico County.", "Pamlico __knowledge__ They are one of the most southerly Algonquian tribes on the Atlantic seaboard, and the most southerly one for which scholars collected a vocabulary.", "Pamlico __knowledge__ The Raleigh colonists referred to the Pamlico in 1585-86 by the name \"Pomoui\".", "Pamlico __knowledge__ In 1695, smallpox, called \"A great Mortality\", devastated the Pamlico and neighboring Algonquian communities and reduced their populations.", "Native American contributions __knowledge__ This is an alphabetic list of achievements in science and technology made by Indigenous peoples of the Americas during the 13,500 years or more that they have inhabited the American continent.", "Native American contributions __knowledge__ abstract art- Abstract art was used by nearly all tribes and civilizations of North and South America.", "Native American contributions __knowledge__ Native American art was believed to be primitive until the 1990s, when it served as inspiration for the modern American abstract art movement.", "Native American contributions __knowledge__ adobe- Adobe was used by the peoples from South America, Mesoamerica, and up to Southwestern tribes of the U.S.", "Native American contributions __knowledge__ It is estimated that it was developed around the year 3000 BC." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Steinway &amp; Sons __knowledge__ Steinway & Sons, also known as Steinway, () is an American-German piano company, founded in 1853 in Manhattan, New York City, the United States, by German immigrant Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg (later known as Henry E. Steinway).", "Steinway &amp; Sons __knowledge__ The company's growth led to the opening of a factory in Queens, New York City, the United States, and a factory in Hamburg, Germany.", "Steinway &amp; Sons __knowledge__ The factory in Queens supplies the Americas and the factory in Hamburg supplies the rest of the world.", "Steinway &amp; Sons __knowledge__ Steinway has been described as a prominent piano company, known for making pianos of high quality and for inventions within the area of piano development.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ A digital piano is a type of electronic keyboard designed to serve primarily as an alternative to the traditional piano, both in the way it feels to play and in the sound produced.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ It is intended to provide an accurate simulation of an acoustic piano.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ Some digital pianos are also designed to look like an ordinary piano, both the upright or grand piano.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ Digital pianos use either a synthesized emulation or samples of an actual piano, which are then amplified through an internal loudspeaker.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ Digital pianos incorporate weighted keys, which recreate the feel of an acoustic piano.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ While digital pianos may sometimes fall short of a real piano in feel and sound, they nevertheless have other advantages over acoustic pianos.", "Oh Father __knowledge__ \"Oh Father\" is a song by American singer Madonna from her fourth studio album \"Like a Prayer\" (1989).", "Oh Father __knowledge__ It was released as the fourth single from the album on October 24, 1989 by Sire Records.", "Oh Father __knowledge__ The song was not released as a single in most European territories until December 24, 1995, when it appeared on the 1995 ballads compilation \"Something to Remember\".", "Oh Father __knowledge__ Written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, the nexus of \"Oh Father\" was the presence of male authoritative figures in Madonna's life, most prominently her father, Tony Ciccone.", "Oh Father __knowledge__ Madonna's relationship with her father had soured, after her mother's death in 1963 and his remarriage two years later.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the police drama \"The Bill\" ordered alphabetically by character surname.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ For a full list of characters ordered by rank, see list of \"The Bill\" characters.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ The characters are all police officers or civilian staff at the fictional Sun Hill police station in London.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ PC Francis \"Taffy\" Edwards was known as the 'thin streak of Welsh misery'.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ A quiet country boy who hailed from a poor farming family near Bangor, he sometimes struggled to adapt to city life.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ Edwards was extremely lazy, often thinking up ingenious ways to avoid having to do serious work – but he had an infectious charm and was popular amongst the relief.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "C. Bechstein __knowledge__ C. Bechstein Pianofortefabrik AG (also known as Bechstein, ) is a German manufacturer of pianos, established in 1853 by Carl Bechstein.", "C. Bechstein __knowledge__ Young Carl Bechstein studied and worked in France and England as a piano craftsman, before he became an independent piano maker.", "C. Bechstein __knowledge__ His first pianos were made for other companies.", "C. Bechstein __knowledge__ C. Bechstein piano factory was founded on 1 October 1853 by Carl Bechstein in Berlin, Germany.", "C. Bechstein __knowledge__ Carl Bechstein set out to manufacture a piano able to withstand the great demands imposed on the instrument by the virtuosi of the time, such as Franz Liszt.", "C. Bechstein __knowledge__ In 1857, Hans von Bülow (Liszt's son-in-law) gave the first public performance on a Bechstein grand piano by performing Liszt's Piano Sonata in B minor in Berlin.", "Wertheim Piano __knowledge__ Wertheim is an Australian brand of pianos, formerly produced in Richmond, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia.", "Wertheim Piano __knowledge__ Around 18,000 upright pianos were made in Melbourne between 1908 and 1935.", "Wertheim Piano __knowledge__ They were designed for the south-eastern Australian climate and were a popular all-purpose piano.", "Wertheim Piano __knowledge__ They were used in a range of settings such as schools and public halls, as they were renowned for their ability to stay in tune for prolonged periods of time, requiring little maintenance.", "Wertheim Piano __knowledge__ They were also used by piano teachers and for professional live performance, the most famous of which was for performances by Dame Nellie Melba, who frequently requested that Wertheim Pianos be used during her performances.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Music technology is the use of any device, mechanism, machine or tool by a musician or composer to make or perform music; to compose, notate, play back or record songs or pieces; or to analyze or edit music.", "Music technology __knowledge__ The earliest known applications of technology to music was prehistoric peoples' use of a tool to hand-drill holes in bones to make simple flutes.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians developed stringed instruments, such as harps, lyres and lutes, which required making thin strings and some type of peg system for adjusting the pitch of the strings.", "Music technology __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians also used wind instruments such as double clarinets and percussion instruments such as cymbals.", "Music technology (mechanical) __knowledge__ Mechanical music technology is the use of any device, mechanism, machine or tool by a musician or composer to make or perform music; to compose, notate, play back or record songs or pieces; or to analyze or edit music.", "Music technology (mechanical) __knowledge__ The earliest known applications of technology to music was prehistoric peoples' use of a tool to hand-drill holes in bones to make simple flutes.", "Music technology (mechanical) __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians developed stringed instruments, such as harps, lyres and lutes, which required making thin strings and some type of peg system for adjusting the pitch of the strings.", "Music technology (mechanical) __knowledge__ Ancient Egyptians also used wind instruments such as double clarinets and percussion instruments such as cymbals." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Piano __knowledge__ The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.", "Piano __knowledge__ An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Coolness is an aesthetic of attitude, behavior, comportment, appearance and style which is generally admired.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Because of the varied and changing connotations of cool, as well as its subjective nature, the word has no single meaning.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ It has associations of composure and self-control (cf.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ the OED definition) and often is used as an expression of admiration or approval.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Although commonly regarded as slang, it is widely used among disparate social groups and has endured in usage for generations.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ There is no single concept of cool.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ One of the essential characteristics of cool is its mutability—what is considered cool changes over time and varies among cultures and generations.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ \"Reflective surfaces\" are surfaces that can deliver high solar reflectance (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths of the sun, reducing heat transfer to the surface) and high thermal emittance (the ability to radiate absorbed, or non-reflected solar energy).", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Reflective surfaces are a form of geoengineering.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ The most well-known type of reflective surface is the \"cool roof\".", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ While cool roofs are mostly associated with white roofs, they come in a variety of colors and materials and are available for both commercial and residential buildings.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Today's \"cool roof\" pigments allow metal roofing products to be EnergyStar rated in dark colors, even black.", "Speak Mandarin Campaign __knowledge__ The Speak Mandarin Campaign (SMC; ) is an initiative by the government of Singapore to encourage the Singaporean Chinese population to speak Standard Mandarin Chinese, one of the four official languages of Singapore.", "Speak Mandarin Campaign __knowledge__ Launched on 7 September 1979 by then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew and organised by the Promote Mandarin Council, the SMC has been an annual event promoting the use of Mandarin.", "Speak Mandarin Campaign __knowledge__ In 1966, the Singaporean government implemented a policy of bilingual education, where Singaporean students learn both English and their designated mother tongue, which was Mandarin for Chinese Singaporeans.", "Speak Mandarin Campaign __knowledge__ The \"Goh Report\", an evaluation of Singapore’s education system by Goh Keng Swee, showed that less than 40% of the student population managed to attain minimum levels of competency in two languages.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), better known by his stage name LL Cool J (short for Ladies Love Cool James), is an American rapper, actor, author and entrepreneur from Queens, New York.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ He is known for such hip hop hits as \"Going Back to Cali\", \"I'm Bad\", \"The Boomin' System\", \"Rock The Bells\" and \"Mama Said Knock You Out\", as well as romantic ballads such as \"Doin' It\", \"I Need Love\", \"Around the Way Girl\" and \"Hey Lover\".", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ LL Cool J has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ His twelfth album \"Exit 13\" (2008), was his last for his long-tenured deal with Def Jam Recordings.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Salut D'Amour (; lit.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Love Greeting), despite its French name, is a South Korean television series that aired on KBS2 from November 1, 1994 to April 25, 1995 for a total of twenty five episodes.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The theme of \"Salut D'Amour\", unlike later versions, are not interconnected to one another by episode.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode contains a separate but closely related theme.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The Episode starts with a documentary show on Korea during the war, Korea during the year he was born in (1975)-riots and crowded streets in South Korea.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The narrator talked about the population census taken on September 18, 1995.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The population stood at 37,680,000 male and female sex ratio (1740:1124, males to females), as well as family events in 1982.", "Gaba Corporation __knowledge__ The company provides language lessons on a \"one-to-one\" (one student and one teacher) basis and using textbook lessons and online (computerized) instructor aids, language and vocabulary drills, and guided conversation topics.", "Gaba Corporation __knowledge__ Gaba describes itself as a \"man-to-man eikaiwa\".", "Gaba Corporation __knowledge__ In Japanese, \"man-tsū-man\" (マンツーマン), a katakana phrase adapted from English, means \"one-to-one\", referring to the company's one student/one instructor lesson style.", "Gaba Corporation __knowledge__ As of May 2017 the company has 45 learning studios.", "Gaba Corporation __knowledge__ In March 2016 it had 564 staff and 1,106 sub-contracted instructors across Japan.", "Gaba Corporation __knowledge__ In November 2013 it was reported that Gaba had 21,300 students.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters who first appeared or were due to appear in the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\" during 2011, listed in order of their first appearance.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ In January 2011, it was announced that Gareth Philips would be taking over the role of series producer from Paul Marquess, who had been with the show for one year.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ Ruby Button, played by Anna Shaffer, is the younger sister of Duncan Button (Dean Aspen).", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ She made her first on-screen appearance on 3 January 2011.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ In December 2010, the \"Liverpool Echo\" announced that eighteen-year-old Shaffer would be joining the cast as Ruby.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ A digital piano is a type of electronic keyboard designed to serve primarily as an alternative to the traditional piano, both in the way it feels to play and in the sound produced.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ It is intended to provide an accurate simulation of an acoustic piano.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ Some digital pianos are also designed to look like an ordinary piano, both the upright or grand piano.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ Digital pianos use either a synthesized emulation or samples of an actual piano, which are then amplified through an internal loudspeaker.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ Digital pianos incorporate weighted keys, which recreate the feel of an acoustic piano.", "Digital piano __knowledge__ While digital pianos may sometimes fall short of a real piano in feel and sound, they nevertheless have other advantages over acoustic pianos.", "Stage piano __knowledge__ A stage piano is an electronic musical instrument designed for use in live performance on a stage, piano bar or a studio, as well as for music recording in popular music.", "Stage piano __knowledge__ While stage pianos share some of the same features as digital pianos designed for home use and synthesizers, they have a number of features which set them apart.", "Stage piano __knowledge__ Stage pianos usually provide a smaller number of sounds (acoustic piano, electric piano, and Hammond organ), with these sounds being of higher quality, unlike regular digital pianos and home synthesizers.", "Stage piano __knowledge__ Unlike many digital pianos, which are designed for semi-permanent installation in a private home, and which have design elements which make regular transportation difficult (e.g., permanently mounted legs, modesty panel, internal power amplifier and speakers and a fixed sustain pedal), which would require a van and movers to relocate, a stage piano generally has a portable, detachable stand, no internal amp or speakers (an output jack is provided so the instrument can be plugged into a keyboard amplifier), and a detachable sustain pedal plugged into a jack.", "Camera obscura __knowledge__ Camera obscura (plural \"camera obscura\" or \"camera obscuras\"; from Latin, meaning \"dark room\": \"camera\" \"(vaulted) chamber or room,\" and \"obscura\" \"darkened, dark\"), also referred to as pinhole image, is the natural optical phenomenon that occurs when an image of a scene at the other side of a screen (or for instance a wall) is projected through a small hole in that screen as a reversed and inverted image (left to right and upside down) on a surface opposite to the opening.", "Camera obscura __knowledge__ The surroundings of the projected image have to be relatively dark for the image to be clear, so many historical camera obscura experiments were performed in dark rooms.", "Clavinova __knowledge__ The Clavinova is a long-running line of premium digital pianos created by the Yamaha Corporation.", "Clavinova __knowledge__ They are similar in styling to an acoustic piano, but with many features common to various keyboards such as the ability to save and load songs, the availability of different voices, and, in more recent models, the ability to be connected to a computer via USB or wireless network for music production or interactive piano lesson programs.", "Clavinova __knowledge__ All current (and many past) Clavinovas (CLP and CVP-Series) feature Yamaha's Graded Hammer technology, a mechanical system of small metal hammers, weighted to be similar to those of an acoustic piano, which activates a digital pressure sensor that then translates into sound.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 5, 6, 2 ]

[ "Oh its an accoustic musical instrument that is stringed and the hammers strike the strings", "Its believed to have been around since around 1700 in Italy", "Yes they are and the first pianos were actually smaller and quieter", "Yeah there are, an acoustic piano has a wooden box around it", "Its played using a keyboard and pressing the keys makes the hammers hit the stings, pretty cool actually" ]

[ "Piano", "Piano", "Piano", "Piano", "Piano" ]

[ "Alcoholism", "yes it is a very scary problem too many people are hit by drunk drivers every year", "yes it is always good to drink alcohol like anything in moderation it can do damage to you're body" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Risky situations include drinking and driving or having unsafe sex, among other things.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body, but it particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and immune system.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ This can result in mental illness, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, an irregular heartbeat, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increase in the risk of cancer, among other diseases.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the baby resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Risky situations include drinking and driving or having unsafe sex, among other things.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body, but it particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and immune system.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ This can result in mental illness, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, an irregular heartbeat, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increase in the risk of cancer, among other diseases.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the baby resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.", "Drunk drivers __knowledge__ People driving under the influence of alcohol are commonly referred to as drunk drivers, or drink-drivers.", "Drunk drivers __knowledge__ When charged with this as a crime, it may either be referred to as a DUI (Driving Under the Influence) or a DWI (Driving While Intoxicated), where a DUI is generally considered to be a lesser crime.", "Drunk drivers __knowledge__ Studies have been performed to identify commonalities between severe drunk drivers.", "Drunk drivers __knowledge__ Laws are also in place to protect citizens from the consequences incurred by drunk drivers.", "Drunk drivers __knowledge__ According to \"Why drunk drivers may get behind the wheel\", a Mental Health Weekly Digest article, \"[a]lcohol-related motor vehicle accidents claim 17,000 American lives each year- the equivalent of one death every 30 minutes.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ The state laws governing alcoholic beverages in New Jersey are among the most complex in the United States, with many peculiarities not found in other states' laws.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ They provide for 29 distinct liquor licenses granted to manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and for the public warehousing and transport of alcoholic beverages.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ General authority for the statutory and regulatory control of alcoholic beverages rests with the state government, particularly the Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control overseen by the state's Attorney General.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ Under home rule, New Jersey law grants individual municipalities substantial discretion in passing ordinances regulating the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages within their limits.", "Driving under the influence __knowledge__ Driving under the influence (DUI), driving while impaired/driving while intoxicated (DWI), operating while intoxicated (OWI) or drink-driving (UK) is currently the crime or offense of driving or operating a motor vehicle while impaired by alcohol or other drugs (including recreational drugs and those prescribed by physicians), to a level that renders the driver incapable of operating a motor vehicle safely.", "Driving under the influence __knowledge__ Traffic accidents are predominantly caused by driving under the influence; for people in Europe between the age of 15 and 29, DUI is one of the main causes of mortality.", "Driving under the influence __knowledge__ According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration alcohol-related crashes cause approximately $37 billion in damages annually.", "Governorship of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Mitt Romney was sworn in as the 70th Governor of Massachusetts on January 2, 2003, along with Lieutenant Governor Kerry Healey.", "Governorship of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Romney's term ended on January 4, 2007; he chose not to run for re-election.", "Governorship of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Romney's swearing in as governor used the same Bible that his father George Romney had used when he was sworn in as the Governor of Michigan.", "Governorship of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 15-minute inauguration speech in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, he avoided policy specifics, but said that he intended to bring about a \"lighter, more agile bureaucracy.\"", "Governorship of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The overall inauguration festivities took place over three days and emphasized themes around common citizens.", "Drunk driving in the United States __knowledge__ Drunk driving is the act of operating a motor vehicle while the operator's ability to do so impaired as a result of alcohol consumption, or with a blood alcohol level in excess of the legal limit.", "Drunk driving in the United States __knowledge__ For drivers 21 years or older, driving with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08% or higher is illegal.", "Drunk driving in the United States __knowledge__ For drivers under 21 years old, the legal limit is lower, with state limits ranging from 0.00 to 0.02.", "Drunk driving in the United States __knowledge__ Different BAC limits apply when operating boats, airplanes, or commercial vehicles.", "Drunk driving in the United States __knowledge__ Among other names, the criminal offense of drunk driving may be called driving under the influence (DUI), driving while impaired (DWI) or operating while impaired (OWI).", "Random checkpoint __knowledge__ A random checkpoint is a military and police tactic.", "Random checkpoint __knowledge__ In a military context, checkpoints involve the setup of a hasty roadblock by mobile truck- or armored vehicle-mounted infantry to disrupt unauthorized or unwanted movement or military activity and to check for valid identification and search for contraband, fugitives, or weapons that are not permitted in civilian hands.", "Random checkpoint __knowledge__ Random checkpoints are set up to achieve surprise, as opposed to known permanently located checkpoints, which suspects could circumvent.", "Random checkpoint __knowledge__ They are often established in locations where they cannot be observed by approaching traffic until it is too late to withdraw and escape without being observed.", "Road accidents in Tamil Nadu __knowledge__ Road accidents in Tamil Nadu, a state in South India, are among the highest in India.", "Road accidents in Tamil Nadu __knowledge__ In 2013, the state recorded 15,563 fatalities in the 14,504 recorded accidents, the highest for any state in India.", "Road accidents in Tamil Nadu __knowledge__ The state also topped the list of most accidents in a state for all previous ten years from 2002 to 2012.", "Road accidents in Tamil Nadu __knowledge__ According to the report of two experts published in the International Journal of Research in Management and Technology, driving under the influence of alcohol accounts for 70 per cent of accident fatalities in India.", "Road accidents in Tamil Nadu __knowledge__ A few political leaders have vehemently opposed the state-run TASMAC shops that sell alcohol and have called for a total prohibition of alcohol in the state, but opposing governments have maintained that prohibition would lead to illegal liquor, which in the past has claimed hundred of lives.", "Binge drinking __knowledge__ Binge drinking, or heavy episodic drinking, is a modern epithet for drinking alcoholic beverages with an intention of becoming intoxicated by heavy consumption of alcohol over a short period of time.", "Binge drinking __knowledge__ Binge drinking is a style of drinking that is popular in several countries worldwide, and overlaps somewhat with social drinking since it is often done in groups.", "Binge drinking __knowledge__ The degree of intoxication, however, varies between and within various cultures that engage in this practice.", "Binge drinking __knowledge__ A binge on alcohol can occur over hours, last up to several days, or in the event of extended abuse, even weeks.", "Binge drinking __knowledge__ Due to the long-term effects of alcohol misuse, binge drinking is considered to be a major public health issue.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances.", "Wine __knowledge__ Wine (from Latin \"vinum\") is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes, generally \"Vitis vinifera\", fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.", "Wine __knowledge__ Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide.", "Wine __knowledge__ Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts produce different styles of wine.", "Wine __knowledge__ These variations result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the terroir, and the production process.", "Wine __knowledge__ Many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine.", "Distilled beverage __knowledge__ A distilled beverage, spirit, liquor, hard liquor or hard alcohol is an alcoholic beverage produced by distillation of grains, fruit, or vegetables that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation.", "Distilled beverage __knowledge__ The distillation process purifies the liquid and removes diluting components like water, for the purpose of increasing its proportion of alcohol content (commonly expressed as alcohol by volume, ABV).", "Distilled beverage __knowledge__ As distilled beverages contain significantly more alcohol, they are considered \"harder\" – in North America, the term \"hard liquor\" is used to distinguish distilled beverages from undistilled ones.", "Distilled beverage __knowledge__ As examples, this term does not include beverages such as beer, wine, sake, and cider, as they are fermented but not distilled.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ The Shining is a 1980 horror film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick and co-written with novelist Diane Johnson.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ The film is based on Stephen King's 1977 novel \"The Shining\".", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ \"The Shining\" is about Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson), an aspiring writer and recovering alcoholic, who accepts a position as the off-season caretaker of the isolated historic Overlook Hotel in the Colorado Rockies.", "The Shining (film) __knowledge__ Wintering over with Jack is his wife Wendy Torrance (Shelley Duvall) and young son Danny Torrance (Danny Lloyd), who possesses \"the shining\", an array of psychic abilities that allow Danny to see the hotel's horrific past." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Risky situations include drinking and driving or having unsafe sex, among other things.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body, but it particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and immune system.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ This can result in mental illness, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, an irregular heartbeat, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increase in the risk of cancer, among other diseases.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the baby resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term effects of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease and cancer.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ In addition, damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body.", "Christian views on alcohol __knowledge__ Christian views on alcohol are varied.", "Christian views on alcohol __knowledge__ Throughout the first 1,800 years of Church history, Christians generally consumed alcoholic beverages as a common part of everyday life and used \"the fruit of the vine\" in their central rite—the Eucharist or Lord's Supper.", "Christian views on alcohol __knowledge__ They held that both the Bible and Christian tradition taught that alcohol is a gift from God that makes life more joyous, but that over-indulgence leading to drunkenness is sinful or at least a vice.", "Christian views on alcohol __knowledge__ In the mid-19th century, some Protestant Christians moved from a position of allowing moderate use of alcohol (sometimes called \"moderationism\") to either deciding that not imbibing was wisest in the present circumstances (\"abstentionism\") or prohibiting all ordinary consumption of alcohol because it was believed to be a sin (\"prohibitionism\").", "History of alcoholic drinks __knowledge__ Purposeful production of alcoholic drinks is common and often reflects cultural and religious peculiarities as much as geographical and sociological conditions.", "History of alcoholic drinks __knowledge__ Discovery of late Stone Age jugs suggest that intentionally fermented beverages existed at least as early as the Neolithic period (c. 10000 BC).", "History of alcoholic drinks __knowledge__ Chemical analysis of jars from the neolithic village Jiahu in the Henan province of northern China revealed traces of alcohol that were absorbed and preserved.", "History of alcoholic drinks __knowledge__ According to a study published in the \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\", chemical analysis of the residue confirmed that a fermented drink made of grapes, hawthorn berries, honey, and rice was being produced in 7000–6650 BC.", "Alcoholic drink __knowledge__ An alcoholic drink, or alcoholic beverage, is a drink that contains alcohol (ethanol), a depressant which in low doses causes euphoria, reduced anxiety, and sociability and in higher doses causes intoxication (drunkenness), stupor and unconsciousness.", "Alcoholic drink __knowledge__ Long-term use can lead to alcohol abuse, physical dependence, and alcoholism.", "Alcoholic drink __knowledge__ Drinking alcohol plays an important social role in many cultures.", "Alcoholic drink __knowledge__ Most countries have laws regulating the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages.", "Alcoholic drink __knowledge__ Some countries ban such activities entirely, but alcoholic drinks are legal in most parts of the world.", "Alcoholic drink __knowledge__ The global alcoholic drink industry exceeded $1 trillion in 2014.", "Alcohol in Australia __knowledge__ Alcohol is commonly consumed and available at pubs and liquor stores in Australia – all of which are private enterprises.", "Alcohol in Australia __knowledge__ Spirits can be purchased at liquor stores and pubs, whereas grocery stores do not sell them, although they may have separate liquor stores on their premises.", "Alcohol in Australia __knowledge__ Alcohol consumption is higher, according to WHO studies, than in most European countries and several Central Asian and African countries, although consumption is just as high in Australia as in North America.", "Alcohol in Australia __knowledge__ After tobacco, alcohol is the second leading preventable cause of death and hospitalisation in Australia.", "Alcohol in Australia __knowledge__ Alcohol is served in many social and recreational situations, and its use is often encouraged.", "Alcohol and health __knowledge__ Alcohol (also known as ethanol) has a number of effects on health.", "Alcohol and health __knowledge__ Short-term effects of alcohol consumption include intoxication and dehydration.", "Alcohol and health __knowledge__ Long-term effects of alcohol consumption include changes in the metabolism of the liver and brain and alcoholism.", "Alcohol and health __knowledge__ Alcohol intoxication affects the brain, causing slurred speech, clumsiness, and delayed reflexes.", "Alcohol and health __knowledge__ Alcohol stimulates insulin production, which speeds up glucose metabolism and can result in low blood sugar, causing irritability and possibly death for diabetics.", "Alcohol and health __knowledge__ A 2014 World Health Organization report found that harmful alcohol consumption caused about 3.3 million deaths annually worldwide.", "Immune system __knowledge__ The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.", "Immune system __knowledge__ To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue.", "Immune system __knowledge__ In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.", "Immune system __knowledge__ In humans, the blood–brain barrier, blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid–brain barriers separate the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system, which protects the brain.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Some people have no symptoms whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes, poor appetite, vomiting, tiredness, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis may be temporary (acute) or long term (chronic) depending on whether it lasts for less than or more than six months.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Acute hepatitis can sometimes resolve on its own, progress to chronic hepatitis, or rarely result in acute liver failure.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Over time the chronic form may progress to scarring of the liver, liver failure, or liver cancer.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ The most common cause worldwide is viruses.", "Morphine __knowledge__ Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate variety which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals.", "Morphine __knowledge__ It acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to decrease the feeling of pain.", "Morphine __knowledge__ It can be taken for both acute pain and chronic pain.", "Morphine __knowledge__ It is frequently used for pain from myocardial infarction and during labour.", "Morphine __knowledge__ It can be given by mouth, by injection into a muscle, by injecting under the skin, intravenously, into the space around the spinal cord, or rectally.", "Morphine __knowledge__ Maximum effect is around 20 minutes when given intravenously and 60 minutes when given by mouth, while duration of effect is 3–7 hours.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ Lactalbumin, also known as \"whey protein\", is the albumin contained in milk and obtained from whey.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ Lactalbumin is found in the milk of many mammals.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ There are alpha and beta lactalbumins; both are contained in milk.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ Scientific studies suggest that certain types of lactalbumin (whey protein) can significantly improve immune responsiveness and increase levels of glutathione systemically in animals and possesses antiviral (against viruses), anti-apoptotic (impede cell death) and anti-tumor (against cancers or tumors) activities in humans.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ 1.", "Lactalbumin __knowledge__ Influence Of Dietary Lactalbumin Hydrolysate On The Immune System Of Mice And Resistance To Salmonellosis Bounous G., Stevenson M.M., Kongshavn P.A.", "Human brain __knowledge__ The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.", "Human brain __knowledge__ The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum.", "Human brain __knowledge__ It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body.", "Human brain __knowledge__ The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head.", "Human brain __knowledge__ The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain.", "Human brain __knowledge__ It is divided into two cerebral hemispheres.", "Human brain __knowledge__ The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, covering the core of white matter.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ These skin patches are typically red, itchy, and scaly.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ Psoriasis varies in severity from small, localized patches to complete body coverage.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ Injury to the skin can trigger psoriatic skin changes at that spot, which is known as the Koebner phenomenon.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ There are five main types of psoriasis: plaque, guttate, inverse, pustular, and erythrodermic.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ Plaque psoriasis, also known as psoriasis vulgaris, makes up about 90 percent of cases.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ It typically presents as red patches with white scales on top.", "Psoriasis __knowledge__ Areas of the body most commonly affected are the back of the forearms, shins, navel area, and scalp." ] ]

[ 4, 5, 11 ]

[ "Alcoholism is very scary. Risky situations have to be watched such as drinking and driving or doing scary things you cannot remember ", "Yes! Alcohol can also affect parts of your body, such as the brain, liver or immune system", "Definitely. Long-term use of alcohol can damage nearly every organ and system in the body. Very scary stuff" ]

[ "Alcoholism", "Alcoholism", "Alcoholism" ]

[ "New York City\nNew York City is one of the best cities in the world.", "Can you tell me any popular locations or attractions to visit in New York?", "Wow, that is a lot of people for one city! It would be exciting to live there.", "Oh yes, it's full of culture. And there are many museums, aren't there?", "I bet you would never run out of exciting things to do in New York." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Houston __knowledge__ Houston ( ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States, with a census-estimated 2016 population of 2.303 million within a land area of .", "Houston __knowledge__ It is also the largest city in the Southern United States, and the seat of Harris County.", "Houston __knowledge__ Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico, it is the principal city of the Greater Houston metro area, which is the fifth-most populated MSA in the United States.", "Houston __knowledge__ Houston was founded on August 30, 1836, near the banks of Buffalo Bayou (now known as Allen's Landing) and incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837.", "Albany, New York __knowledge__ Albany ( ) is the capital of the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Albany County.", "Albany, New York __knowledge__ Roughly north of New York City, Albany developed on the west bank of the Hudson River, about south of its confluence with the Mohawk River.", "Albany, New York __knowledge__ The population of the City of Albany was 97,856 according to the 2010 census.", "Albany, New York __knowledge__ Albany constitutes the economic and cultural core of the Capital District of New York State, which comprises the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, including the nearby cities and suburbs of Troy, Schenectady, and Saratoga Springs.", "Albany, New York __knowledge__ With a 2013 Census-estimated population of 1.1 million the Capital District is the third-most populous metropolitan region in the state and 38th in the United States.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Homelessness in the United States is a social crisis.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ The different states within the United States have varying homeless populations.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Although throughout the United States panhandling is discouraged, passive panhandling falls under First Amendment rights to free speech.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ In Alabama the prohibition of aggressive panhandling and regulation of passive panhandling is controlled by individual cities, with many panhandlers being charged with loitering offences.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Loitering for the purposes of begging and prostitution in Alabama is a criminal offense.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ An issue for Alabamans is the proportion of panhandlers defined as vagrants, who contrary to their implications, are not homeless but accept the generosity of the community under this false pretence.", "Bert Sperling __knowledge__ Bertrand T. Sperling (born 1950 in Brooklyn, New York) is an author and researcher.", "Bert Sperling __knowledge__ His books and studies on quality of life in America have made him \"an internationally recognized expert on cities.\"", "Bert Sperling __knowledge__ Sperling is commissioned to carry out demographic studies which highlight a particular aspect of American life.", "Bert Sperling __knowledge__ Past studies have included \"Funnest Cities to Live\", \"Best Cities for Singles\", \"Best Cities to Retire\", and \"Best Cities for Women’s Health\".", "Bert Sperling __knowledge__ In 2004 Sperling released the 832-page \"Cities Ranked and Rated\", co-authored by Peter Sander and published by John Wiley and Sons.", "Bert Sperling __knowledge__ Sperling and Sander appeared on The Today Show in support of the book.", "Tulsa, Oklahoma __knowledge__ Tulsa is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 47th-most populous city in the United States.", "Tulsa, Oklahoma __knowledge__ As of July 2015, the population was 403,505, an increase of 11,599 over that reported in the 2010 Census.", "Tulsa, Oklahoma __knowledge__ It is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, a region with 981,005 residents in the MSA and 1,151,172 in the CSA.", "Tulsa, Oklahoma __knowledge__ The city serves as the county seat of Tulsa County, the most densely populated county in Oklahoma, with urban development extending into Osage, Rogers, and Wagoner counties.", "Tulsa, Oklahoma __knowledge__ Tulsa was settled between 1828 and 1836 by the Lochapoka Band of Creek Native American tribe.", "Beirut __knowledge__ Beirut ( \"\" , ) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.", "Beirut __knowledge__ No recent population census has been done but in 2007 estimates ranged from slightly more than 1 million to slightly less than 2 million as part of Greater Beirut.", "Beirut __knowledge__ Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coast, Beirut is the country's largest and main seaport.", "Beirut __knowledge__ It is one of the oldest cities in the world, inhabited more than 5,000 years ago.", "Beirut __knowledge__ The first historical mention of Beirut is found in the ancient Egyptian Tell el Amarna letters dating from the 15th century BC.", "Beirut __knowledge__ Beirut River runs south to north on the eastern edge of the city." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "OC Transpo Early Morning Service __knowledge__ OC Transpo Early Morning Service was a special transit service offered by OC Transpo in Ottawa, Canada for customers who had an early start to their day.", "OC Transpo Early Morning Service __knowledge__ These routes operated Monday - Friday from 4:00 AM - 6:00 AM, with some 800 series routes offering additional service on Saturday from 5:00 AM - 7:00 AM.", "OC Transpo Early Morning Service __knowledge__ Only regular routes that offer early morning trips provide early morning service on Sundays.", "OC Transpo Early Morning Service __knowledge__ Early Morning Service routes provided quick and convenient connections to major roads, Transitway stations, and OC Transpo Bus Garages.", "OC Transpo Early Morning Service __knowledge__ As of December 19th, 2010, all Early Morning Service Routes have been retired and replaced by early morning service on regular routes.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ As of November 2016, it operates 23,768 locations worldwide.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Starbucks is considered the main representative of \"second wave coffee\", initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee.", "Starbucks __knowledge__ Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ In the Gregorian calendar, New Year's Eve (also known as Old Year's Day or Saint Sylvester's Day in many countries), the last day of the year, is on 31 December which is the seventh day of Christmastide.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ In many countries, New Year's Eve is celebrated at evening social gatherings, where many people dance, eat, drink alcoholic beverages, and watch or light fireworks to mark the new year.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ Some Christians attend a watchnight service.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ The celebrations generally go on past midnight into New Year's Day, 1 January.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ Samoa, Tonga and Kiritimati (Christmas Island), part of Kiribati, are the first places to welcome the New Year while American Samoa and Baker Island in the United States of America are among the last.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ Designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and completed in 1931, the building has a roof height of and stands a total of tall, including its antenna.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ Its name is derived from \"Empire State\", the nickname of New York.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ the building is the 5th-tallest completed skyscraper in the United States and the 28th-tallest in the world.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ It is also the 6th-tallest freestanding structure in the Americas.", "Empire State Building __knowledge__ The site of the Empire State Building, located on the west side of Fifth Avenue between West 33rd and 34th Streets, was originally part of an early 18th century farm.", "Tourism in New York City __knowledge__ New York City receives over 60 million foreign and American tourists each year.", "Tourism in New York City __knowledge__ Major destinations include the Empire State Building, Ellis Island, the Statue of Liberty on Liberty Island, Broadway theatre productions, Central Park, Times Square, Coney Island, the Financial District, museums, sports stadiums, luxury shopping along Fifth and Madison Avenues, and events such as the Tribeca Film Festival, and free performances in Central Park at Summerstage and Delacorte Theater.", "Tourism in New York City __knowledge__ Many New York City ethnic enclaves, such as Jackson Heights, Flushing, and Brighton Beach are major shopping destinations for first and second generation Americans up and down the East Coast.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ An amusement park is a park that features various attractions, such as rides and games, as well as other events for entertainment purposes.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ A theme park is a type of amusement park that bases its structures and attractions around a central theme, often featuring multiple areas with different themes.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ Unlike temporary and mobile funfairs and carnivals, amusement parks are stationary and built for long-lasting operation.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ They are more elaborate than city parks and playgrounds, usually providing attractions that cater to a variety of age groups.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ While amusement parks often contain themed areas, theme parks place a heavier focus with more intricately-designed themes that revolve around a particular subject or group of subjects.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and peace activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ Along with George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the group would ascend to world-wide fame during the 1960s.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ In 1957, he formed his first band, the Quarrymen, which evolved into the Beatles in 1960.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ Sports in New York City have a long and distinguished history.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, the National Hockey League, the National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, Minor league baseball, women's national soccer league, and Major League Soccer.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area is one of only two cities (along with the Los Angeles metropolitan area) in the United States with more than one team in each of the four major professional sports leagues, with nine such franchises.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ Counting these along with its two teams in Major League Soccer, New York has a total of eleven sports teams in the five most important professional sports leagues in the United States.", "History of baseball team nicknames __knowledge__ This is a summary of the evolution of nicknames of the current Major League Baseball teams, and also of selected former major and minor league teams whose nicknames were influential, long-lasting, or both.", "History of baseball team nicknames __knowledge__ The sources of the nicknames included club names, team colors, and city symbols.", "History of baseball team nicknames __knowledge__ The nicknames have sometimes been dubbed by the media, other times through conscious marketing by the team, or sometimes a little of both.", "History of baseball team nicknames __knowledge__ \"See also Team names and colors\" Athletic teams have long used colors and nicknames as a form of team identity.This echoes the use of colors and nicknames in other activities such as heraldry, the military, and the flags of nations.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York is a state in the northeastern United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ With an estimated 19.85 million residents in 2017, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ To differentiate from its city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state's largest city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Italian Americans ( or \"italo-americani\" ) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans who have full or majority-ancestry from Italy.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Italian Americans are the fourth largest white ethnic group in the United States (not including American ethnicity, an ethnonym used by many in the United States; overall, Italian Americans rank seventh, behind German American, African American, Irish American, Mexican American, English American, and American).. About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004.", "Italian Americans __knowledge__ Immigration began to increase during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated (1870–79: 46,296) than during the five previous decades combined (1820–69: 22,627).", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ New York City's demographics show that it is a large and ethnically diverse metropolis.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ It is the largest city in the United States with a long history of international immigration.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ New York City was home to nearly 8.5 million people in 2014, accounting for over 40% of the population of New York State and a slightly lower percentage of the New York metropolitan area, home to approximately 23.6 million.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ Over the last decade the city has been growing faster than the region.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Wow Mali is the longest-running, multi-awarded and top-rated gag show in the Philippines aired over TV5 hosted by Joey De Leon.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was discontinued on May 2007 but some episodes still aired on \"Wow Mali Bytes\" and \"Wow Mali Express\".", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ On February 22, 2009, \"Wow Mali\" returned to TV5.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Following the network's second reformat after Holy Week, Wow Mali was set to return on April 6, 2009, airing every Wednesday at 7:30 PM.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was again discontinued on September 1, 2010 and was replaced by a spin-off show, Wow Meganon which lasted until April 8, 2011.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Its third incarnation aired on April 11, 2011 and ended on February 26, 2012.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ WOW - Women Of Wrestling, aka WOW!, is a women's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane, previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ It is based in Los Angeles, California, and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ The promotion launched a series of syndicated programs in the 2000-01 television seasons in 102 TV markets using a similar format of character driven performers, with names befitting a comic book series, such as Jungle Grrrl, an inmate tag-team complete with orange jump suits named Caged Heat, a Hollywood starlet named Lana Star, and the Persian Princess.", "WOW Cafe __knowledge__ WOW Cafe (Women's One World) is a feminist theater space in New York City.", "WOW Cafe __knowledge__ In the mid-1980s, WOW Cafe was central to the avant garde theatre and performance art scene in the East Village, New York City.", "WOW Cafe __knowledge__ Among the artists who have presented at the space are Lisa Kron, Holly Hughes, Deb Margolin, Dancenoise, Carmelita Tropicana, Eileen Myles, Split Britches, and The Five Lesbian Brothers.", "WOW Cafe __knowledge__ The WOW Cafe began when two of the founding members, Lois Weaver and Peggy Shaw were traveling Europe with performance troupes Spiderwoman Theater and Hot Peaches, and after seeing women’s theater festivals during their tour were inspired to establish one in America.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver (), officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver is in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains.", "Denver __knowledge__ The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver is nicknamed the \"Mile High City\" because its official elevation is exactly one mile () above sea level, making it the highest major city in the United States.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "Floterial district __knowledge__ A floterial district is a legislative district that includes several separate districts that independently would not be entitled to additional representation, but whose combined population entitles the area to another seat in the legislative body.", "Floterial district __knowledge__ It is a technique that a state may be authorized to use to achieve more equal apportionment by population during redistricting.", "Floterial district __knowledge__ In common usage, a floterial district is not just a multi-town district, but a multi-town district that \"floats\" over towns that already elect one or more legislators.", "Floterial district __knowledge__ For example, a city due more than five representatives but not quite six might elect five representing the city itself, and one more in a floterial district that includes some neighboring towns whose small populations, alone, would not merit even a single representative.", "San Jose, California __knowledge__ San Jose (, Spanish for \"Saint Joseph\"; ), officially the City of San José, is an economic, cultural, and political center of Silicon Valley and the largest city in Northern California.", "San Jose, California __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 1,015,785, it is the third most populous city in California (after Los Angeles and San Diego) and the tenth most populous in United States.", "San Jose, California __knowledge__ Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley, on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay, San Jose covers an area of .", "San Jose, California __knowledge__ San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County, the most affluent county in California and one of the most affluent counties in the United States.", "Wilmington, Delaware __knowledge__ Wilmington (Lenape: \"Paxahakink\", \"Pakehakink\") is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Delaware.", "Wilmington, Delaware __knowledge__ The city was built on the site of Fort Christina, the first Swedish settlement in North America.", "Wilmington, Delaware __knowledge__ It is at the confluence of the Christina River and Brandywine River, near where the Christina flows into the Delaware River.", "Wilmington, Delaware __knowledge__ It is the county seat of New Castle County and one of the major cities in the Delaware Valley metropolitan area.", "Wilmington, Delaware __knowledge__ Wilmington was named by Proprietor Thomas Penn after his friend Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington, who was prime minister in the reign of George II of Great Britain.", "Houston __knowledge__ Houston ( ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States, with a census-estimated 2016 population of 2.303 million within a land area of .", "Houston __knowledge__ It is also the largest city in the Southern United States, and the seat of Harris County.", "Houston __knowledge__ Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico, it is the principal city of the Greater Houston metro area, which is the fifth-most populated MSA in the United States.", "Houston __knowledge__ Houston was founded on August 30, 1836, near the banks of Buffalo Bayou (now known as Allen's Landing) and incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Museum __knowledge__ A museum ( ; plural musea or museums) is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance.", "Museum __knowledge__ Many public museums make these items available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary.", "Museum __knowledge__ The largest museums are located in major cities throughout the world, while thousands of local museums exist in smaller cities, towns and rural areas.", "Museum __knowledge__ Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and specialists to serving the general public.", "Museum __knowledge__ The goal of serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ Lorenzo Scott was born in 1934 in West Point, Georgia.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ Scott is a contemporary self-taught artist whose work began to be recognized in the United States in the late 1980s.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ Lorenzo Scott was born on July 23, 1934 in the small, bustling mill village and railroad hub of West Point, Georgia.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ When his mother, who worked in the fields supplying cotton to the local mills, lost her job during the Depression, the family moved to Atlanta in search of work.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ One of eleven children, Lorenzo tells of a time in his youth when he first saw his mother make a sketch, and knew even at an early age that he wanted to be able to draw like that.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ Yes Oh (styled as yes Oh) is an Israeli television channel carried by the Israeli satellite television provider - \"yes\", which broadcasts newer American and British TV Shows from HBO, AMC, Showtime, Starz and FX in Midnights.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ The channel began airing on January 21, 2012, on channel 14, replacing \"yes Real\" \"yes Oh\" airs all of its schedule in High Definition simulcast on yes Oh HD on channel 14.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ On January 17, 2010, \"yes\" launched the channel Yes Next (styled as yes Next and formerly called \"yes stars Next\"), which broadcast American, British and Israeli TV shows from all genres.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ The concept of the channel was to air shows approaching to the younger demographics.", "Green museum __knowledge__ A green museum is a museum that incorporates concepts of sustainability into its operations, programming, and facility.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Many green museums, but not all, use their collections to produce exhibitions, events, classes, and other programming to educate the public about the natural environment.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Many, but not all, green museums reside in a building featuring sustainable architecture and technology.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Green museums interpret their own sustainable practices and green design to present a model of behavior.", "Green museum __knowledge__ Green museums strive to help people become more conscious of their world, its limitations, and how their actions affect it.", "Collection (artwork) __knowledge__ A museum is distinguished by a collection of often unique objects that forms the core of its activities for exhibitions, education, research, etc.", "Collection (artwork) __knowledge__ This differentiates it from an archive or library, where the contents may be more paper-based, replaceable and less exhibition oriented, or a private collection of art formed by an individual, family or institution that may grant no public access.", "Collection (artwork) __knowledge__ A museum normally has a collecting policy for new acquisitions, so only objects in certain categories and of a certain quality are accepted into the collection.", "Collection (artwork) __knowledge__ The process by which an object is formally included in the collection is called \"accessioning\" and each object is given a unique accession number.", "Museology __knowledge__ Museology or museum studies is the study of museums.", "Museology __knowledge__ It explores the history of museums and their role in society, as well as the activities they engage in, including curating, preservation, public programming, and education.", "Museology __knowledge__ The words that are used to describe the study of museums vary depending on language and geography.", "Museology __knowledge__ For example, while “museology” is becoming more prevalent in English, it is most commonly used to refer to the study of museums in French (muséologie), Spanish (museología), German (Museologie), Italian (museologia), and Portuguese (museologia) – while English speakers more often use the term “museum studies” to refer to that same field of study.", "Frankfurt __knowledge__ Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (\"Frankfurt on the Main\", ), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany.", "Frankfurt __knowledge__ Frankfurt was a city state, the Free City of Frankfurt, for nearly five centuries, and was one of the most important cities of the Holy Roman Empire; it lost its sovereignty in 1866.", "Frankfurt __knowledge__ In 2015, Frankfurt has a population of 732,688 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3 million in its urban area.", "Frankfurt __knowledge__ The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5 million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Study of global communication __knowledge__ Global communication is the term used to describe ways to connect, share, relate and mobilize across geographic, political, economic, social and cultural divides.", "Study of global communication __knowledge__ It redefines soft and hard power as well as information power and diplomacy in ways not considered by traditional theories of international relations.", "Study of global communication __knowledge__ Global Communication implies a transfer of knowledge and ideas from centers of power to peripheries and the imposition of a new intercultural hegemony by means of the \"soft power\" of global news and entertainment.", "Study of global communication __knowledge__ The study of global communication is an interdisciplinary field that studies the continuous flows of information used in transferring values, opinions, knowledge, culture across boundaries.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Media Capital SGPS, SA, is a Portuguese media corporation founded in 1988 (originally named SOCI - Sociedade de Comunicação Independente, founded by Luís Nobre Guedes), based in Oeiras, Lisbon.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Media Capital is a major media group in Portugal, and is one of the biggest media corporations in Europe.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Media Capital distributes 20th Century Fox and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer home video releases in the Portuguese market under the Castello Lopes label.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Since July 2017, Altice (company) is the principal owner of Media Capital.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Media Capital operates in several areas of media and advertising.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Here is a list of the companies owned by Media Capital.", "Metro Manila __knowledge__ Metropolitan Manila () is the seat of government and one of the three defined metropolitan areas of the Philippines.", "Metro Manila __knowledge__ It is officially known as the National Capital Region (NCR), and was commonly known as Metro Manila or simply Manila.", "Metro Manila __knowledge__ It is made up of the City of Manila, the Philippine capital city, Quezon City, the country's most populous city and former capital, and the cities of Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, San Juan, Taguig, Valenzuela and the municipality of Pateros.", "Metro Manila __knowledge__ NCR encompasses an area of and has a population of , making it the most densely populated region of the country.", "Jakarta __knowledge__ Jakarta (, ), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia, which was formerly known as Batavia during Dutch East Indies and Sunda Kelapa during Sunda Kingdom.", "Jakarta __knowledge__ Located on the northwest coast of the world's most populous island of Java, Jakarta is the centre of economics, culture and politics of Indonesia, with a population of 10,075,310 .", "Jakarta __knowledge__ Greater Jakarta metropolitan area, which is known as Jabodetabek (a name formed by combining the initial syllables of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi), is the second largest urban agglomeration and 2nd largest city area in the world after Tokyo, with a population of 30,214,303 inhabitants census." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "John McCain presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ The 2008 presidential campaign of John McCain, the longtime senior U.S.", "John McCain presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ Senator from Arizona, was launched with an informal announcement on February 28, 2007 during a live taping of the \"Late Show with David Letterman\", and formally launched at an event on April 25, 2007.", "John McCain presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ His second candidacy for the Presidency of the United States, he had previously run for his party's nomination in the 2000 primaries and was considered as a potential running mate for his party's nominee, then-Governor George W. Bush of Texas.", "John McCain presidential campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ After winning a majority of delegates in the Republican primaries of 2008, on August 29, leading up to the convention, McCain selected Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska as his running mate for Vice President.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "New Edition __knowledge__ New Edition is an American R&B group from the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts formed in 1978.", "New Edition __knowledge__ The group reached its height of popularity in the 1980s.", "New Edition __knowledge__ During the group's first experience with fame in 1983, its members were Ricky Bell, Michael Bivins, Bobby Brown, Ronnie DeVoe and Ralph Tresvant.", "New Edition __knowledge__ Early hits included \"Candy Girl,\" \"Cool It Now\", and \"Mr. Telephone Man\".", "New Edition __knowledge__ Brown was voted out of the group in 1985 and embarked on a solo career.", "New Edition __knowledge__ The group continued for a time with its remaining four members, but eventually recruited singer Johnny Gill, who would be introduced on their 1988 album \"Heart Break\".", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ Players in a poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn can negatively affect other players).", "Betting in poker __knowledge__ When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action; this rule prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to their initial, verbal action.", "Simon–Ehrlich wager __knowledge__ The Simon-Ehrlich Wager describes a 1980 scientific wager between business professor Julian L. Simon and biologist Paul Ehrlich, betting on a mutually agreed-upon measure of resource scarcity over the decade leading up to 1990.", "Simon–Ehrlich wager __knowledge__ The widely-followed contest originated in the pages of \"Social Science Quarterly\", where Simon challenged Ehrlich to put his money where his mouth was.", "Simon–Ehrlich wager __knowledge__ In response to Ehrlich's published claim that \"If I were a gambler, I would take even money that England will not exist in the year 2000\"—a proposition Simon regarded as too silly to bother with—Simon countered with \"a public offer to stake US$10,000 ... on my belief that the cost of non-government-controlled raw materials (including grain and oil) will not rise in the long run.\"", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2017) __knowledge__ \"Hollyoaks\" is a British television soap opera that was first broadcast on 23 October 1995.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appeared or will appear in the serial in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters were introduced by executive producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2017) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Lily Drinkwell (Lauren McQueen), the niece of Diane Hutchinson (Alex Fletcher).", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2017) __knowledge__ Shane Sweeney (Michael Salami), the father of Prince McQueen (Malique Thompson-Dwyer) and Hunter McQueen (Theo Graham), was also introduced in January, while Darcy Wilde (Aisling Jarrett-Gavin), the former fiancée of Adam Donovan (Jimmy Essex), and Lynette Drinkwell (Amy Robbins), the adoptive mother of Scott Drinkwell (Ross Adams) and sister of Diane, were introduced in March.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "New York Minute (film) __knowledge__ New York Minute is a 2004 American teen comedy film starring Mary-Kate Olsen, Ashley Olsen and Eugene Levy.", "New York Minute (film) __knowledge__ It was directed by Dennie Gordon and released on May 7, 2004.", "New York Minute (film) __knowledge__ In the film Mary-Kate and Ashley play twins with opposing personalities who have a series of misadventures around New York City.", "New York Minute (film) __knowledge__ \"New York Minute\" reunited Mary-Kate and Ashley with their \"Full House\" co-star, Bob Saget.", "New York Minute (film) __knowledge__ It was the Olsen twins' first theatrical film release since 1995's \"It Takes Two\".", "New York Minute (film) __knowledge__ It was also the last film featured by Olsen twins, and the last film released by Dualstar Entertainment before it went into dormancy.", "Caput Mundi __knowledge__ Roma Caput Mundi is a Latin phrase taken to mean \"Rome capital of the world\" (literally: \"head of the world\"; see capital, capitol).", "Caput Mundi __knowledge__ It originates out of a classical European understanding of the known world: Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia.", "Caput Mundi __knowledge__ The influence of Rome in the ancient world began to grow around the 2nd century BC as the Republic expanded across Southern Europe and North Africa.", "Caput Mundi __knowledge__ For the next five centuries, Rome would govern much of the known world (of traditional Greco-Roman geography).", "Caput Mundi __knowledge__ The cultural influence of the local language of Rome (Latin) as well as Roman art, architecture, law, religion and philosophy was immense.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "Fred Trueman __knowledge__ Frederick Sewards Trueman, OBE (6 February 19311 July 2006) was an English cricketer who later became a popular broadcaster.", "Fred Trueman __knowledge__ He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast bowler who played for Yorkshire and England.", "Fred Trueman __knowledge__ Trueman is generally acknowledged as one of the greatest bowlers in cricket history, and was the first bowler to take 300 wickets in Test cricket.", "Fred Trueman __knowledge__ Along with Brian Statham, Trueman opened the England bowling for many years, forming one of the most famous bowling partnerships in Test cricket history.", "Fred Trueman __knowledge__ Although best known for his feats with the ball, Trueman was also an outstanding fielder, especially at leg slip, and a useful late order batsman who made three first-class centuries.", "2015 Giro d'Italia, Stage 12 to Stage 21 __knowledge__ The 2015 Giro d'Italia began on 9 May, and stage 12 occurred on 21 May.", "2015 Giro d'Italia, Stage 12 to Stage 21 __knowledge__ The 12th stage of the Giro features another chance for the Classics specialists to take a stage victory.", "2015 Giro d'Italia, Stage 12 to Stage 21 __knowledge__ The first 129 kilometers of the stage is entirely flat before the riders tackle three categorized climbs on the route - the fourth category Castelnuovo, the third category Crosara and the fourth category Monte Berico.", "2015 Giro d'Italia, Stage 12 to Stage 21 __knowledge__ Along with the three climbs, the uncategorized climb of Perarolo is also located on the route.", "2015 Giro d'Italia, Stage 12 to Stage 21 __knowledge__ The ascent of Monte Berico starts at around 1 kilometer from the finish, averaging 7.1 per cent and going all the way to the finish." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 ]

[ "The city of new york is often called New york", "Yes. It has an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 ", "It is a global power city described as the cultural, financial and media capital of the world ", "The city's fast pace defines the term New York minute ", "New York is an important center for international diplomacy " ]

[ "New York City", "New York City", "New York City", "New York City", "New York City" ]

[ "Acoustic guitar\nI have played the acoustic guitar in middle school but i don't remember much about it. However i did like strumming what about you", "Do you know if it's pronounced a-coo-stic or a-cow-stick? Or if both are correct?", "Oh thank you for that. I thought both were correct but i was not sure. Do you know what notes are on the acoustic guitar?", "I wish i could. I know what notes are on a violin but not acoustic guitar. Do you know what kind of person repairs an acoustic guitar? Sort of like the luthier of a violin?", "Haha. Nice. Well is there any fact you can tell me about an acoustic guitar? :)" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ An acoustic guitar is a guitar that produces sound acoustically—by transmitting the vibration of the strings to the air—as opposed to relying on electronic amplification (see electric guitar).", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The sound waves from the strings of an acoustic guitar resonate through the guitar's body, creating sound.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ This typically involves the use of a sound board and a sound box to strengthen the vibrations of the strings.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The main source of sound in an acoustic guitar is the string, which is plucked or strummed with the finger or with a pick.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The string vibrates at a necessary frequency and also creates many harmonics at various different frequencies.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The frequencies produced can depend on string length, mass, and tension.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The string causes the soundboard and sound box to vibrate, and as these have their own resonances at certain frequencies, they amplify some string harmonics more strongly than others, hence affecting the timbre produced by the instrument.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ Gitterns, a small plucked guitar were the first small guitar-like instruments created during the Middle Ages with a round back like that of a lute.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ Modern guitar shaped instruments were not seen until the Renaissance era where the body and size began to take a guitar-like shape.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Fingerstyle guitar __knowledge__ Fingerstyle guitar is the technique of playing the guitar by plucking the strings directly with the fingertips, fingernails, or picks attached to fingers, as opposed to flatpicking (plucking individual notes with a single plectrum, commonly called a \"pick\").", "Fingerstyle guitar __knowledge__ The term \"fingerstyle\" is something of a misnomer, since it is present in several different genres and styles of music—but mostly, because it involves a completely different technique, not just a \"style\" of playing, especially for the guitarist's picking/plucking hand.", "Fingerstyle guitar __knowledge__ The term is often used synonymously with fingerpicking, although fingerpicking can also refer to a specific tradition of folk, blues and country guitar playing in the US.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Courtney Love __knowledge__ Courtney Michelle Love (born Courtney Michelle Harrison; July 9, 1964) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and visual artist.", "Courtney Love __knowledge__ A notable presence in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s, Love has enjoyed a career that spans four decades.", "Courtney Love __knowledge__ She rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole, which she formed in 1989.", "Courtney Love __knowledge__ Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics, as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Kurt Cobain.", "Courtney Love __knowledge__ The daughter of Hank Harrison and psychotherapist Linda Carroll, Love had an itinerant early life.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ \"Stairway to Heaven\" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, released in late 1971.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ It was composed by guitarist Jimmy Page and vocalist Robert Plant for the band's untitled fourth studio album (often called \"Led Zeppelin IV\").", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ It is often referred to as one of the greatest rock songs of all time.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ The song has three sections, each one progressively increasing in tempo and volume.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ The song begins in a slow tempo with acoustic instruments (guitar and recorders) before introducing electric instruments.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ The final section is an uptempo hard rock arrangement highlighted by Page's intricate guitar solo accompanying Plant's vocals that end with the plaintive a cappella line: \"And she's buying a stairway to heaven.\"", "Jazz guitar __knowledge__ The term jazz guitar may refer to either a type of guitar or to the variety of guitar playing styles used in the various genres which are commonly termed \"jazz\".", "Jazz guitar __knowledge__ The jazz-type guitar was born as a result of using electric amplification to increase the volume of conventional acoustic guitars.", "Jazz guitar __knowledge__ Conceived in the early 1930s, the electric guitar became a necessity as jazz musicians sought to amplify their sound to be heard over loud big bands.", "Jazz guitar __knowledge__ When guitarists in big bands only had acoustic guitars, all they could do was play chords; they could not play solos because the acoustic guitar is not a loud instrument." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ An acoustic guitar is a guitar that produces sound acoustically—by transmitting the vibration of the strings to the air—as opposed to relying on electronic amplification (see electric guitar).", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The sound waves from the strings of an acoustic guitar resonate through the guitar's body, creating sound.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ This typically involves the use of a sound board and a sound box to strengthen the vibrations of the strings.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The main source of sound in an acoustic guitar is the string, which is plucked or strummed with the finger or with a pick.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The string vibrates at a necessary frequency and also creates many harmonics at various different frequencies.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The frequencies produced can depend on string length, mass, and tension.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The string causes the soundboard and sound box to vibrate, and as these have their own resonances at certain frequencies, they amplify some string harmonics more strongly than others, hence affecting the timbre produced by the instrument.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ Gitterns, a small plucked guitar were the first small guitar-like instruments created during the Middle Ages with a round back like that of a lute.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ Modern guitar shaped instruments were not seen until the Renaissance era where the body and size began to take a guitar-like shape.", "Société des Transports Intercommunaux de Charleroi __knowledge__ The Société des Transports Intercommunaux de Charleroi (\"Charleroi Intermunicipal Transport Company\"), abbreviated and referred to as STIC, was a company operating a local and regional public transport network in Charleroi, Belgium.", "Société des Transports Intercommunaux de Charleroi __knowledge__ The company was active from 1962 until 1991, when it was merged with the Charleroi part of the SNCV to form the TEC Charleroi, the current public transport company in Charleroi.", "Société des Transports Intercommunaux de Charleroi __knowledge__ Charleroi saw its first horse towed tramways in 1881, but it wasn't until 6 years later (1887) that the SNCV began operating three tramway lines in Charleroi.", "Société des Transports Intercommunaux de Charleroi __knowledge__ In the meantime, another company, the SCVB (\"Société des chemins de fer vicinaux belges\" - \"Belgian vicinal railways company\") had begun operating its own lines.", "STIC Investments __knowledge__ STIC Investments Inc. is an international venture capital and private equity fund management firm.", "STIC Investments __knowledge__ It was founded in July 1999.", "STIC Investments __knowledge__ As of early 2013, STIC Investments had AUM of US$2.4 billion.", "STIC Investments __knowledge__ STIC Investments is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, has offices in Busan, Hong Kong, Ho Chi Minh City, Shanghai, and Taipei, and employs 70 people.", "STIC Investments __knowledge__ STIC Investments engages in growth capital investments, buyouts, and secondary market transactions pertaining to mid-cap companies.", "STIC Investments __knowledge__ In early 2013, STIC Investments indicated its intention to become active in the area of mergers and acquisitions of large corporations.", "Science and Technology Information Center (Ethiopia) __knowledge__ In 1977 the Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission (ESTC) was first to evolve with the plan to set up the National Scientific and Technological Information and Documentation Center (NSTIDC).", "Science and Technology Information Center (Ethiopia) __knowledge__ The institution was designed as an apex body and agency for initiating, furthering, strengthening and coordinating various facilities and services concerning the collection, organization and dissemination of scientific and technological information.", "Science and Technology Information Center (Ethiopia) __knowledge__ On 7 May 1987, the UNESCO representative and liaison officer to the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Awad Idris, visited Addis Ababa and gave full information about UNESCO’s participation in the establishment of the center.", "Stic.man __knowledge__ Khnum Muata Ibomu (born Clayton Gavin; March 6, 1974), better known by his stage name stic.man, is an American rapper, activist and author known for his work as one half of the political hip-hop duo Dead Prez with M-1.", "Stic.man __knowledge__ Khnum Muata Ibomu was born February 22, 1973 the rural unincorporated community of Shadeville, Florida .", "Stic.man __knowledge__ He studied at James S. Rickards and Wakulla High Schools.", "Stic.man __knowledge__ In 1990, while in the 10th grade at Wakulla, Gavin was prevented from performing a rap song entitled \"Black As I Can Get\" for a Black History Month assembly.", "Stic.man __knowledge__ The incident prompted students to boycott classes following the assembly and lead to a picket of the school joined by parents.", "Dead Prez __knowledge__ Dead Prez, stylized as dead prez, is a hip hop duo from the United States, composed of stic.man and M-1, formed in 1996 in New York City.", "Dead Prez __knowledge__ They are known for their confrontational style, combined with socialist lyrics focused on both militant social justice, Marxism, and Pan-Africanism.", "Dead Prez __knowledge__ The duo maintains an ethical stance against corporate control over the media, especially hip hop record labels.", "Dead Prez __knowledge__ In 1990, M-1 headed to Tallahassee to attend FAMU (Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University) where he and stic.man met and formed a relationship due to their mutual love of music and similar leftist political ideology.", "Turra Coo __knowledge__ The Turra Coo (Doric for \"the Turriff Cow\") was a white Ayrshire-Shorthorn cross dairy cow which lived near the Aberdeenshire town of Turriff in north-east Scotland in the early twentieth century.", "Turra Coo __knowledge__ The cow became famous following a dispute between her owner and local people against the government over taxes and compulsory national insurance.", "Turra Coo __knowledge__ Under the Liberal government of the 1910s, the Chancellor of the Exchequer David Lloyd George introduced a scheme whereby National Insurance contributions (by employer) became compulsory for all workers between the ages of 16 and 70.", "Turra Coo __knowledge__ This was enacted via the National Insurance Act, and caused outrage among the farmers local to Turriff, who claimed that their contributions were too high; and that, as they were rarely able to be off work due to illness like industrial workers, it was unfair for them to have to pay for a service they were unlikely to use.", "Cochin University of Science and Technology __knowledge__ Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) is a government-owned autonomous science and technology university in Kochi, Kerala, India.", "Cochin University of Science and Technology __knowledge__ Founded in 1971, it has three campuses: two in Kochi and one in Kuttanad, Alappuzha, 66 km inland.", "Cochin University of Science and Technology __knowledge__ The university awards degrees in engineering and science subjects at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral levels.", "Cochin University of Science and Technology __knowledge__ Originally known as the University of Cochin, the university came into being in 1971 through an act of the Kerala Legislature that was the result of a campaign for postgraduate education in the state.", "Cochin University of Science and Technology __knowledge__ It was reorganised into Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) in February 1986.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The Texarkana Moonlight Murders, a term coined by the news media, references the unsolved murders committed in and around Texarkana in the spring of 1946 by an unidentified serial killer known as the \"Phantom Killer\", or \"Phantom Slayer\".", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The killer is credited with attacking eight people within ten weeks, five of whom were killed.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The attacks happened on weekends between February 22, 1946 and May 3, 1946.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first two victims, Jimmy Hollis and Mary Larey, survived.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first double murder, which involved Richard Griffin and Polly Ann Moore, happened four weeks later.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The second double-homicide, involving Paul Martin and Betty Jo Booker, occurred exactly three weeks from the first murders.", "Kevin Parker (musician) __knowledge__ Kevin Richard Parker (born 20 January 1986) is an Australian singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer, best known for being the frontman and live guitarist of the Australian psychedelic rock band Tame Impala, for which he writes, records, and produces the music.", "Kevin Parker (musician) __knowledge__ At the ARIA Music Awards of 2015 he won two awards, Engineer of the Year and Producer of the Year, for his work on Tame Impala's \"Currents\" (2015).", "Kevin Parker (musician) __knowledge__ In addition to his work with Tame Impala, Parker was the drummer of Pond, from 2009 until 2011.", "Kevin Parker (musician) __knowledge__ He remains their record producer, working with the band on the studio albums, \"Beard, Wives, Denim\" (2012), \"Hobo Rocket\" (2013), \"Man, It Feels Like Space Again\" (2015), and \"The Weather\" (2017).", "Phil Volk __knowledge__ Phil \"Fang\" Volk (born Phillip Edward Volk; October 25, 1945) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, band leader, record producer and arranger.", "Phil Volk __knowledge__ As the bassist of Paul Revere & the Raiders from 1965–1967, Volk appeared in over 750 television shows, 520 of which were episodes of the Dick Clark production, \"Where the Action Is\", which aired daily from 1965-67.", "Phil Volk __knowledge__ The band themselves had 23 charted hits and 14 gold albums and Volk was a member of the band during the period of its greatest success.", "Phil Volk __knowledge__ Volk's bass lines, as heard in songs such as \"Hungry\", \"Just Like Me\" and \"Kicks\", helped to revolutionize how the bass guitar was used in rock music.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ Andy Russell (born Andrés Rábago; September 16, 1919 – April 16, 1992) was an American popular vocalist, actor, and entertainer of Mexican descent, specializing in traditional pop and Latin music.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He sold 8 million records in the 1940s singing in a romantic, baritone voice and in his trademark bilingual English and Spanish style.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He had chart-busters, such as \"Bésame Mucho,\" \"Amor,\" and \"What a Diff'rence a Day Made.\"", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He also made personal appearances and performed on radio programs, most notably \"Your Hit Parade\", in several movies, and on television.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ During this initial phase of his career, his popularity in the United States rivaled that of crooners Frank Sinatra and Perry Como.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series \"The Monkees\", which aired from 1966 to 1968.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge (sometimes referred to as the Seattle sound) is a subgenre of alternative rock and a subculture that emerged during the in the Pacific Northwest U.S. state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns.", "Grunge __knowledge__ The early grunge movement revolved around Seattle's independent record label Sub Pop and that region's underground music scene.", "Grunge __knowledge__ By the early 1990s its popularity had spread, with grunge bands appearing in California, then emerging in other parts of the United States and in Australia, building strong followings and signing major record deals.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge was commercially successful in the early–mid 1990s, due to releases such as Nirvana's \"Nevermind\", Pearl Jam's \"Ten\", Soundgarden's \"Superunknown\", Alice in Chains' \"Dirt\" and Stone Temple Pilots' \"Core\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ An acoustic guitar is a guitar that produces sound acoustically—by transmitting the vibration of the strings to the air—as opposed to relying on electronic amplification (see electric guitar).", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The sound waves from the strings of an acoustic guitar resonate through the guitar's body, creating sound.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ This typically involves the use of a sound board and a sound box to strengthen the vibrations of the strings.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The main source of sound in an acoustic guitar is the string, which is plucked or strummed with the finger or with a pick.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The string vibrates at a necessary frequency and also creates many harmonics at various different frequencies.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The frequencies produced can depend on string length, mass, and tension.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The string causes the soundboard and sound box to vibrate, and as these have their own resonances at certain frequencies, they amplify some string harmonics more strongly than others, hence affecting the timbre produced by the instrument.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ Gitterns, a small plucked guitar were the first small guitar-like instruments created during the Middle Ages with a round back like that of a lute.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ Modern guitar shaped instruments were not seen until the Renaissance era where the body and size began to take a guitar-like shape.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ John J Mellencamp (born October 7, 1951), previously known as Johnny Cougar, John Cougar, and John Cougar Mellencamp, is an American musician, singer-songwriter, painter, and actor.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ He is known for his catchy, populist brand of heartland rock, which emphasizes traditional instrumentation.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ Mellencamp rose to fame in the 1980s while \"honing an almost startlingly plainspoken writing style that, starting in 1982, yielded a string of Top 10 singles\", including \"Hurts So Good\", \"Jack & Diane\", \"Crumblin' Down\", \"Pink Houses\", \"Lonely Ol' Night\", \"Small Town\", \"R.O.C.K.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ in the U.S.A.\", \"Paper in Fire\", and \"Cherry Bomb\".", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ \"Stairway to Heaven\" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, released in late 1971.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ It was composed by guitarist Jimmy Page and vocalist Robert Plant for the band's untitled fourth studio album (often called \"Led Zeppelin IV\").", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ It is often referred to as one of the greatest rock songs of all time.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ The song has three sections, each one progressively increasing in tempo and volume.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ The song begins in a slow tempo with acoustic instruments (guitar and recorders) before introducing electric instruments.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ The final section is an uptempo hard rock arrangement highlighted by Page's intricate guitar solo accompanying Plant's vocals that end with the plaintive a cappella line: \"And she's buying a stairway to heaven.\"", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ \"My Sweet Lord\" is a song by English musician George Harrison.", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ It was released in November 1970 on his triple album \"All Things Must Pass\".", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ Also issued as a single, Harrison's first as a solo artist, \"My Sweet Lord\" topped charts worldwide and was the biggest-selling single of 1971 in the UK.", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ In America and Britain, the song was the first number-one single by an ex-Beatle.", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ Harrison originally gave the song to his fellow Apple Records artist Billy Preston to record; this version, which Harrison co-produced, appeared on Preston's \"Encouraging Words\" album in September 1970.", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ Harrison wrote \"My Sweet Lord\" in praise of the Hindu god Krishna, while at the same time intending the lyrics to serve as a call to abandon religious sectarianism through his deliberate blending of the Hebrew word \"hallelujah\" with chants of \"Hare Krishna\" and Vedic prayer.", "Layla __knowledge__ \"Layla\" is a song written by Eric Clapton and Jim Gordon, originally released by their blues rock band Derek and the Dominos, as the thirteenth track from their album \"Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs\" (November 1970).", "Layla __knowledge__ Its famously contrasting movements were composed separately by Clapton and Gordon.", "Layla __knowledge__ The song was inspired by a love story that originated in 7th-century Arabia and later formed the basis of \"The Story of Layla and Majnun\" by the 12th-century Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi, a copy of which Ian Dallas had given to Clapton.", "Layla __knowledge__ The book moved Clapton profoundly, because it was the tale of a young man who fell hopelessly in love with a beautiful, young girl and went crazy and so could not marry her.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "Citole __knowledge__ The Citole, also spelled Sytole, Cytiole, Gytolle, was a string musical instrument, closely associated with the medieval fiddles (viol, vielle, gigue) and commonly used from 1200—1350 Like the modern guitar, it was manipulated at the neck to get different notes, and picked or strummed with a plectrum (the citole's was long, thick, straight and likely made of ivory or wood).", "Citole __knowledge__ Although it was largely out of use by the late 14th century, the Italians \"re-introduced it in modified form\" in the 16th Century as the cetra (cittern in English), and it was possibly ancestral to the guitar as well.", "Citole __knowledge__ It was also a pioneering instrument in England, introducing the populace to necked, plucked instruments, giving people the concepts needed to quickly switch to the newly arriving lutes and gitterns.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The classical guitar (also known as concert guitar, classical acoustic, nylon-string guitar, or Spanish guitar) is the member of the guitar family used in classical music.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ It is an acoustical wooden guitar with strings made of nylon, rather than the metal strings used in acoustic and electric guitars.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The traditional classical guitar has twelve frets clear of the body and is held on the left leg, so that the hand that plucks or strums the strings does so near the back of the soundhole (this is called the classical position).", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The modern steel string guitar, on the other hand, usually has fourteen frets clear of the body (see Dreadnought) and is commonly played off the hip.", "Viol __knowledge__ The viol , viola da gamba , or (informally) gamba, is any one of a family of bowed, fretted and stringed instruments with hollow wooden bodies and pegboxes where the tension on the strings can be increased or decreased to adjust the pitch of each of the strings.", "Viol __knowledge__ Frets on the viol are usually made of gut, tied on the fingerboard around the instrument's neck, to enable the performer to stop the strings more cleanly.", "Viol __knowledge__ Frets improve consistency of intonation and lend the stopped notes a tone which better matches the open strings.", "Viol __knowledge__ Viols first appeared in Spain in the mid to late 15th century and were most popular in the Renaissance and Baroque (1600-1750) periods.", "Den Harrow __knowledge__ Den Harrow is an Italo disco project fronted by Stefano Zandri (born 4 June 1962), an Italian fashion model.", "Den Harrow __knowledge__ The name Den Harrow was conceived by the project's producers Turatti and Chieregato, who based it on the Italian word \"denaro\" (money).", "Den Harrow __knowledge__ Stefano Zandri, however, uses the name Den Harrow as his stage name.", "Den Harrow __knowledge__ Den Harrow was a popular project in the 1980s and reached the top ten in Italy, Germany, Switzerland, and Sweden with hits like \"Future Brain\", \"Mad Desire\", \"Bad Boy\", \"Don't Break My Heart\", \"Day by Day\", and \"Catch the Fox\", all from the first two albums \"Overpower\" and \"Day by Day\".", "Pipa __knowledge__ The pipa () is a four-stringed Chinese musical instrument, belonging to the plucked category of instruments.", "Pipa __knowledge__ Sometimes called the Chinese lute, the instrument has a pear-shaped wooden body with a varying number of frets ranging from 12 to 26.", "Pipa __knowledge__ Another Chinese four-string plucked lute is the liuqin, which looks like a smaller version of the pipa.", "Pipa __knowledge__ The pear-shaped instrument may have existed in China as early as the Han dynasty, and although historically the term \"pipa\" was once used to refer to a variety of plucked chordophones, its usage since the Song dynasty refers exclusively to the pear-shaped instrument." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ An acoustic guitar is a guitar that produces sound acoustically—by transmitting the vibration of the strings to the air—as opposed to relying on electronic amplification (see electric guitar).", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The sound waves from the strings of an acoustic guitar resonate through the guitar's body, creating sound.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ This typically involves the use of a sound board and a sound box to strengthen the vibrations of the strings.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The main source of sound in an acoustic guitar is the string, which is plucked or strummed with the finger or with a pick.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The string vibrates at a necessary frequency and also creates many harmonics at various different frequencies.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The frequencies produced can depend on string length, mass, and tension.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The string causes the soundboard and sound box to vibrate, and as these have their own resonances at certain frequencies, they amplify some string harmonics more strongly than others, hence affecting the timbre produced by the instrument.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ Gitterns, a small plucked guitar were the first small guitar-like instruments created during the Middle Ages with a round back like that of a lute.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ Modern guitar shaped instruments were not seen until the Renaissance era where the body and size began to take a guitar-like shape.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "String (music) __knowledge__ A string is the vibrating element that produces sound in string instruments such as the guitar, harp, piano (piano wire), and members of the violin family.", "String (music) __knowledge__ Strings are lengths of a flexible material that a musical instrument holds under tension so that they can vibrate freely, but controllably.", "String (music) __knowledge__ Strings may be \"plain\", consisting only of a single material, like steel, nylon, or gut, or wound, having a \"core\" of one material and an overwinding of another.", "String (music) __knowledge__ This is to make the string vibrate at the desired pitch, while maintaining a low profile and sufficient flexibility for playability.", "String (music) __knowledge__ The invention of wound strings, such as nylon covered in wound metal, was a crucial step in string instrument technology, because a metal-wound string can produce a lower pitch than a catgut string of similar thickness.", "String instrument __knowledge__ String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.", "String instrument __knowledge__ Musicians play some string instruments by plucking the strings with their fingers or a plectrum—and others by hitting the strings with a light wooden hammer or by rubbing the strings with a bow.", "String instrument __knowledge__ In some keyboard instruments, such as the harpsichord , the musician presses a key that plucks the string.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With bowed instruments, the player rubs the strings with a horsehair bow, causing them to vibrate.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With a hurdy-gurdy, the musician operates a mechanical wheel that rubs the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ An acoustic guitar is a guitar that produces sound acoustically—by transmitting the vibration of the strings to the air—as opposed to relying on electronic amplification (see electric guitar).", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The sound waves from the strings of an acoustic guitar resonate through the guitar's body, creating sound.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ This typically involves the use of a sound board and a sound box to strengthen the vibrations of the strings.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The main source of sound in an acoustic guitar is the string, which is plucked or strummed with the finger or with a pick.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The string vibrates at a necessary frequency and also creates many harmonics at various different frequencies.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The frequencies produced can depend on string length, mass, and tension.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The string causes the soundboard and sound box to vibrate, and as these have their own resonances at certain frequencies, they amplify some string harmonics more strongly than others, hence affecting the timbre produced by the instrument.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ Gitterns, a small plucked guitar were the first small guitar-like instruments created during the Middle Ages with a round back like that of a lute.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ Modern guitar shaped instruments were not seen until the Renaissance era where the body and size began to take a guitar-like shape.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Layla __knowledge__ \"Layla\" is a song written by Eric Clapton and Jim Gordon, originally released by their blues rock band Derek and the Dominos, as the thirteenth track from their album \"Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs\" (November 1970).", "Layla __knowledge__ Its famously contrasting movements were composed separately by Clapton and Gordon.", "Layla __knowledge__ The song was inspired by a love story that originated in 7th-century Arabia and later formed the basis of \"The Story of Layla and Majnun\" by the 12th-century Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi, a copy of which Ian Dallas had given to Clapton.", "Layla __knowledge__ The book moved Clapton profoundly, because it was the tale of a young man who fell hopelessly in love with a beautiful, young girl and went crazy and so could not marry her.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Since 1992, Kabir Suman recorded a number of studio albums and soundtracks.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Most of those were his self-created songs sung by himself.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ However, his self-created songs were sung by many other artists also.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Beside this, he has recorded some songs which were created by Rabindra nath Tagore & composed by Himanshu Dutta.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Kabir Suman, recorded a number of albums between 1992 and 1999 under the name Suman Chattopaddhyay or Suman Chatterjee.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ In April 1992, Suman published his first album ‘Tomake Chai’, which had 12 songs.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ All songs were sung, written and composed by him.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Except 3 songs, all songs were accompanied by either electronic keyboard, or acoustic guitar, or both (mixed by a four track tape recorder and hardware sequencer) by him alone; those 3 songs were accompanied by tabla and percussion by other artists.", "Steel-string acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The steel-string acoustic guitar is a modern form of guitar that descends from the nylon-strung classical guitar, but is strung with steel strings for a brighter, louder sound.", "Steel-string acoustic guitar __knowledge__ Like the classical guitar, it is often referred to simply as an acoustic guitar.", "Steel-string acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The most common type is often called a flat top guitar, to distinguish it from the more specialized archtop guitar and other variations.", "Steel-string acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The standard tuning for an acoustic guitar is E-A-D-G-B-E (low to high), although many players, particularly fingerpickers, use alternate tunings (scordatura), such as \"open G\" (D-G-D-G-B-D), \"open D\" (D-A-D-F-A-D), or \"drop D\" (D-A-D-G-B-E).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello ( ; plural cellos or celli) or violoncello ( ; ) is a bowed, and sometimes plucked, string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths.", "Cello __knowledge__ The strings from low to high are generally tuned to C, G, D and A, an octave lower than the viola.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the bass member of the violin family of musical instruments, which also includes the violin, viola and the double bass.", "Cello __knowledge__ The cello is used as a solo musical instrument, as well as in chamber music ensembles (e.g., string quartet), string orchestras, as a member of the string section of symphony orchestras, and some types of rock bands.", "Cello __knowledge__ It is the second-largest and second lowest (in pitch) bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, the double bass being the largest and having the lowest (deepest) pitch.", "Acoustic bass guitar __knowledge__ The acoustic bass guitar (sometimes shortened to acoustic bass or initialized ABG) is a bass instrument with a hollow wooden body similar to, though usually larger than a steel-string acoustic guitar.", "Acoustic bass guitar __knowledge__ Like the traditional electric bass guitar and the double bass, the acoustic bass guitar commonly has four strings, which are normally tuned E-A-D-G, an octave below the lowest four strings of the 6-string guitar, which is the same tuning pitch as an electric bass guitar.", "Acoustic bass guitar __knowledge__ Because it can sometimes be difficult to hear an acoustic bass guitar without an amplifier, even in settings with other acoustic instruments, most acoustic basses have pickups, either magnetic or piezoelectric or both, so that they can be amplified with a bass amp.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "Sleepy Hollow (film) __knowledge__ Sleepy Hollow is a 1999 American Gothic supernatural horror film directed by Tim Burton.", "Sleepy Hollow (film) __knowledge__ It is a film adaptation loosely based on the 1820 short story \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" by Washington Irving and stars Johnny Depp and Christina Ricci, with Miranda Richardson, Michael Gambon, Casper Van Dien, and Jeffrey Jones in supporting roles.", "Sleepy Hollow (film) __knowledge__ The plot follows police constable Ichabod Crane (Depp) sent from New York City to investigate a series of murders in the village of Sleepy Hollow by a mysterious Headless Horseman.", "Sleepy Hollow (film) __knowledge__ Development began in 1993 at Paramount Pictures with Kevin Yagher originally set to direct Andrew Kevin Walker's script as a low-budget slasher film." ] ]

[ 2, 9, 2, 22, 8 ]

[ "I have always loved listening -- have never played! I do love the sound, the way it resonates through the guitar's body.", "Oooooh, it's the former. ONLY the former! Ever since the RENAISSANCE, when modern guitar-shaped instruments first began to be seen .... and played ;-)", "I do not! Can you tell me? I just remember a tuning verse...\"My dog has fleas...\" Does that make any sense to you? Or should I just stick to saying the sound waves from the strings of the acoustic guitar resonate through the guitar's body, creating sound. ;-)", "I don't! But what a great name, luthier. Maybe it's guitarthier?! I guess the hollow wooden body is really one of the only things both have in common with one another.", "How about a history lesson! Gitterns was the name of a small plucked guitar created during the Middle Ages -- it had a round back, like a lute!" ]

[ "Acoustic guitar", "Acoustic guitar", "Acoustic guitar", "Acoustic guitar", "Acoustic guitar" ]

[ "Surfing\nHave you ever been surfing? I love it. I go to Bora Bora every year to surf.", "Those can be fun I heard. I have never surfed on those. I prefer the real water.", "I've never been to Six Flags but Cedar Point, another amusement and water park, has the same waves for surfing.", "The wait times at Cedar Point are ridiculous. Sometimes going to the water park is better because the wait times are shorter.", "I have not. I think I have heard of it though. I live pretty close to Ohio." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Bora Bora __knowledge__ Bora Bora is a island group in the Leeward group in the western part of the Society Islands of French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the Pacific Ocean.", "Bora Bora __knowledge__ The main island, located about northwest of Papeete, is surrounded by a lagoon and a barrier reef.", "Bora Bora __knowledge__ In the center of the island are the remnants of an extinct volcano rising to two peaks, Mount Pahia and Mount Otemanu, the highest point at .", "Bora Bora __knowledge__ Bora Bora is a major international tourist destination, famous for its aqua-centric luxury resorts.", "Bora Bora __knowledge__ The major settlement, Vaitape, is on the western side of the main island, opposite the main channel into the lagoon.", "Vaitape __knowledge__ Vaitape is the largest city of island Bora Bora in French Polynesia.", "Vaitape __knowledge__ It has a population of 4,927, about half of the island's population which is about 9,000.", "Vaitape __knowledge__ It is located about northwest of Papeete, the capital of French Polynesia.", "Vaitape __knowledge__ The main language of Vaitape is French, although 20 percent of the population speaks Tahitian.", "Vaitape __knowledge__ The area was first settled by early Polynesians who arrived on canoes during the 4th century.", "Vaitape __knowledge__ The early Polynesians built grass huts and hunted fish with spears and sticks.", "Vaitape __knowledge__ The Tahitians lost the \"French Tahitian War\" making Tahiti and all the other islands belong to France.", "Hotel Bora Bora __knowledge__ Hotel Bora Bora was a luxury hotel and resort located on the island of Bora Bora in the Society Islands in French Polynesia.", "Hotel Bora Bora __knowledge__ It is currently a part of Aman Resorts.", "Hotel Bora Bora __knowledge__ Hotel Bora Bora has been reviewed by Conde Nast Traveler and TripAdvisor.", "Hotel Bora Bora __knowledge__ The hotel has over-water bungalows and suites, beach bungalows, garden bungalows with swimming pools (referred to as \"fare\"), gardens, and restaurants.", "Hotel Bora Bora __knowledge__ The hotel was not reopened after plans for reconstruction, and remains closed.", "Hotel Bora Bora __knowledge__ Hotel Bora Bora first opened in 1961 and was designed by Paul H. Hammarberg of Herman & Hammarberg Architects from San Francisco, California.", "Bora Bora Airport __knowledge__ Bora Bora Airport , also known as Motu Mute Airport, is an airport serving the island of Bora Bora in French Polynesia.", "Bora Bora Airport __knowledge__ It is located on the islet of Motu Mute.", "Bora Bora Airport __knowledge__ The airport was opened in 1943, during World War II.", "Bora Bora Airport __knowledge__ Commercial service became available in 1958 after the runway was reconstructed.", "Bora Bora Airport __knowledge__ It is built on an island (the Polynesian word for which is \"motu\") located in a lagoon.", "Bora Bora Airport __knowledge__ A boat transfer is necessary to get to the main island of Bora Bora.", "Bora Bora Airport __knowledge__ Passengers from Vaitape, the largest population center on Bora Bora, usually use this airport for air travel.", "Bora Bora Airport __knowledge__ Air Tahiti serves flights from Bora Bora with late model 48-seat ATR 42 and 68-seat ATR 72 twin engine propjets.", "Kingdom of Bora Bora __knowledge__ The Kingdom of Bora Bora was established during the early 19th century with the unification of the island of Bora Bora and official recognition by France and the United Kingdom in 1847 through the Jarnac Convention.", "Kingdom of Bora Bora __knowledge__ It was one of a number of independent Polynesian states in the Society Islands, alongside Tahiti, Huahine and Raiatea in the 19th century, which all shared a similar language and culture and whose rulers were interrelated by marriage.", "Kingdom of Bora Bora __knowledge__ Besides Bora Bora, the Kingdom encompassed the islands of Tupai, Maupiti, Maupihaa, Motu One, and Manuae.", "Kingdom of Bora Bora __knowledge__ The Kingdom was finally annexed to France in 1888 and its last queen Teriimaevarua III was forced to abdicate in 1895.", "Bora Bora Commune __knowledge__ Bora-Bora is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean.", "Bora Bora Commune __knowledge__ The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands.", "Bora Bora Commune __knowledge__ The commune of Bora-Bora is made up of the island of Bora Bora proper with its surrounding islets emerging from the coral reef (30.55 km²/11.3 sq.", "Bora Bora Commune __knowledge__ miles in total) and of the atoll of Tupai (), located north of Bora Bora.", "Bora Bora Commune __knowledge__ The atoll of Tupai has no permanent population apart from some seasonal workers in the coconut plantations.", "Bora Bora Commune __knowledge__ The surrounding islets include Motu Tapu, Motu Ahuna, Tevairoa, Motu Tane, Motu Mute, Motu Tufari, Motu Tehotu, Motu Pitiaau, Sofitel Motu, Motu Toopua, and Toopuaiti.", "Teriimaevarua III __knowledge__ Ari'i-Otare Terii-maeva-rua III Pomare (28 May 1871 – 19 November 1932) was the last Queen of the Tahitian island of Bora Bora from 1873 to 1895.", "Teriimaevarua III __knowledge__ The second daughter of Prince Tamatoa-a-tu (Tamatoa V), King of Raiātea and Tahaa and Princess Moe-a-Mai, Arii-Otare became the Queen of Bora Bora on the death of her aunt Princess Teari'i-maeva-rua I Pomare, Queen of Bora Bora.", "Teriimaevarua III __knowledge__ She married Prince Teri'i Hinoi-a-tua Pomare, chief of Hitia'a in Bora Bora on 9 January 1884 and was divorced in 1887.", "Teriimaevarua III __knowledge__ Ari'i-'Otare produced no children of her own, so adopted her two younger step daughters; Princess Rehu-rehu Tuheiava and Princess Itia Tuheiava." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Surf break __knowledge__ A surf break (also break, shore break, or big wave break) is a permanent (or semi permanent) obstruction such as a coral reef, rock, shoal, or headland that causes a wave to break, forming a barreling wave or other wave that can be surfed, before it eventually collapses.", "Surf break __knowledge__ The topography of the seabed determines the shape of the wave and type of break.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Since shoals can change size and location, affecting the break, it takes commitment and skill to find good breaks.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Some surf breaks are quite dangerous, since the surfer can collide with a reef or rocks below the water.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Surf breaks may be defended vehemently by surfers, as human activities and constructions can have unintended and unpredictable consequences which can be either positive, negative, or unknown.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "Virtual water __knowledge__ Virtual water trade (also known as trade in embedded or embodied water) refers to the hidden flow of water if food or other commodities are traded from one place to another.", "Virtual water __knowledge__ For instance, it takes 1,340 cubic meters of water (based on the world average) to produce one metric tonne of wheat.", "Virtual water __knowledge__ The precise volume can be more or less depending on climatic conditions and agricultural practice.", "Virtual water __knowledge__ Hoekstra and Chapagain have defined the virtual-water content of a product (a commodity, good or service) as \"the volume of freshwater used to produce the product, measured at the place where the product was actually produced\".", "Pilot (Hawaii Five-0) __knowledge__ The pilot episode of the reimagined crime series \"Hawaii Five-0\" premiered on CBS in the United States on September 20, 2010.", "Pilot (Hawaii Five-0) __knowledge__ The pilot's teleplay was written by Peter M. Lenkov, based on a story developed by Lenkov, Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci, and was directed by Len Wiseman.", "Pilot (Hawaii Five-0) __knowledge__ The episode introduces the four main characters: Alex O'Loughlin as series protagonist and Navy SEAL, Lt.", "Pilot (Hawaii Five-0) __knowledge__ Commander Steve McGarrett, Scott Caan as Steve's partner Danny Williams, a former Detective from New Jersey who moved to Hawaii to be close to his daughter, Grace, Daniel Dae Kim as Chin Ho Kelly, a disgraced HPD cop and Grace Park as Kono Kalakaua, a former surfer-turned-HPD Academy graduate who is also Chin's cousin.", "The Impossible (2012 film) __knowledge__ The Impossible () is a 2012 disaster drama film directed by J.", "The Impossible (2012 film) __knowledge__ A. Bayona and written by Sergio G. Sánchez.", "The Impossible (2012 film) __knowledge__ It is based on the experience of María Belón and her family in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.", "The Impossible (2012 film) __knowledge__ The cast includes Naomi Watts, Ewan McGregor and Tom Holland.", "The Impossible (2012 film) __knowledge__ The film received positive reviews from critics for its direction and its acting, especially for Watts who was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama, and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role.", "The Impossible (2012 film) __knowledge__ Henry Bennett (Ewan McGregor), his wife Maria (Naomi Watts), and their three sons Lucas (Tom Holland), Thomas (Samuel Joslin), and Simon (Oaklee Pendergast) go on a Christmas holiday in 2004 to Khao Lak, Thailand.", "Classical nucleation theory __knowledge__ Nucleation is the first step in the formation of either a new thermodynamic phase or a new structure with lower free energy via self-assembly or self-organisation.", "Classical nucleation theory __knowledge__ Nucleation is typically defined to be the process that determines how long we have to wait before the new phase or self-organised structure appears.", "Classical nucleation theory __knowledge__ Classical nucleation theory (CNT) is the most common theoretical model used to understand why nucleation may take hours, years, or never happen at all.", "Classical nucleation theory __knowledge__ This is the standard simple theory for nucleation of a new thermodynamic phase, such as a liquid or a crystal.", "Classical nucleation theory __knowledge__ It should be borne in mind that it is approximate.", "Wave pool __knowledge__ A wave pool is a swimming pool in which there are artificially generated, reasonably large waves, similar to those of the ocean.", "Wave pool __knowledge__ Wave pools are often a major feature of water parks.", "Wave pool __knowledge__ Siam Park City Water Park in Thailand is home to the world's largest wave pool certified by Guinness World Records, and Siam Park (Tenerife) in Spain is home to the biggest man made waves (about 3 meters (9.8 ft)) in the world.", "Wave pool __knowledge__ Several locations claim to have developed the first wave pool in the United States, including Big Surf in Tempe, Arizona, in 1969, and Point Mallard Park's Aquatic Center, in the city of Decatur, Alabama.", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ Water World is a water park that is part of the Hyland Hills Park and Recreation District and located in Federal Heights, Colorado, roughly north of downtown Denver, Colorado.", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ The park first opened in 1979 with the first two waterslides in the state of Colorado (The Bonzai Pipeline).", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ Water World is generally open from Memorial Day through Labor Day, but may be closed some school days.", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ The park occupies , making it one of America's largest water theme parks.", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ , the park has 49 attractions including a multitude of water slides, a \"lazy river\" (a circular artificial river with a slow moving current), inflatable tube rides, multi-guest inflatable raft rides, and a water-themed fun house which offers gondola access from the top of the park.", "Riley Technologies __knowledge__ In 2001, Bob Riley and son Bill, formerly of Riley & Scott formed Riley Technologies.", "Riley Technologies __knowledge__ The company moved their headquarters to Mooresville, NC in late 2006.", "Riley Technologies __knowledge__ Riley Technologies was the leading constructor of the Daytona Prototype chassis for the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series.", "Riley Technologies __knowledge__ The Riley chassis was dominant in terms of both numbers of cars on the grid and results.", "Riley Technologies __knowledge__ Riley chassis have won seven 24 Hours of Daytona races with different engines, the 2005 race was won by the SunTrust Racing Pontiac-Riley and 2006, 2007, and 2008 victories went to Chip Ganassi Racing Lexus powered Rileys.", "Riley Technologies __knowledge__ The 2009 race was won by a Brumos Racing Porsche powered Riley.", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Artificial waves are man-made waves usually created on a specially designed surface or in a pool.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Surface waves can be created by any moving object displacing fluid: turbine blades, paddles, a hand, a flung stone, etc.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Each pulse of water (or crest) pushed outward from the disturbance leaves a space (or trough) behind it which causes another, smaller pulse to follow: thus a thrown stone's single impact causes a series of ripples.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Larger waves can be built up if a series of movements are timed to reinforce waves' motion, much like a person sliding back and forth in a bathtub.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Boundaries and obstacles also shape waves by concentrating or dissipating some of the wave's energy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Cedar Point is a amusement park located on a Lake Erie peninsula in Sandusky, Ohio.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Opened in 1870, it is the second-oldest operating amusement park in the United States behind Lake Compounce.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Cedar Point is owned and operated by Cedar Fair and is considered the flagship of the amusement park chain.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Known as \"America's Roller Coast\", the park features a world-record 72 rides, including 16 roller coasters – the second-most in the world behind Six Flags Magic Mountain.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Its newest roller coaster, Steel Vengeance, is set to open in May 2018.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Cedar Point's normal operating season runs from early May until Labor Day in September.", "Geauga Lake __knowledge__ Geauga Lake is an abandoned theme park in Bainbridge Township and Aurora, Ohio, United States.", "Geauga Lake __knowledge__ Established in 1887 in what had been a local recreation area adjacent to a lake of the same name, the first amusement ride was added in 1889, and the park's first roller coaster later known as the Big Dipper was built in 1925.", "Geauga Lake __knowledge__ In 1969, the park was sold to Funtime, Inc., and was expanded over the years with additional rides and amenities.", "Geauga Lake __knowledge__ Further expansion occurred in the mid and late 1990s after Funtime's acquisition by Premier Parks in 1995.", "Geauga Lake __knowledge__ Prior to the 2000 season, soon after Premier Parks acquired Six Flags, the park was re-branded as Six Flags Ohio and four new roller coasters were added.", "Six Flags __knowledge__ Six Flags, officially Six Flags Entertainment Corporation, is an amusement park corporation based in the United States, with properties in the US, Canada, and Mexico.", "Six Flags __knowledge__ It is the largest amusement park company in the world, based on the number of properties owned, and is ranked sixth in terms of attendance.", "Six Flags __knowledge__ The company maintains twenty properties throughout North America including theme parks, thrill parks, water parks, and family entertainment centers.", "Six Flags __knowledge__ In 2016, Six Flags properties hosted over 30.1 million guests.", "Six Flags __knowledge__ Six Flags was founded in Texas and derived its name from its first property, Six Flags Over Texas.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ Six Flags Magic Mountain is a theme park located in the Santa Clarita, California neighborhood of Valencia, 35 miles northwest of Downtown Los Angeles.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ It opened on May 30, 1971, as Magic Mountain, a development of the Newhall Land and Farming Company.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ In 1979, Six Flags purchased the park and added the name \"Six Flags\" to the park's title.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ With 19 roller coasters, Six Flags Magic Mountain holds the world record for most roller coasters in an amusement park.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ In 2015, the park had an estimated 3.3 million visitors ranking it seventeenth in attendance in North America.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ When the park opened, there were 500 employees and 33 attractions, many of which were designed and built by Arrow Development Co. which designed and built many of the original attractions at Disneyland.", "Six Flags Great America __knowledge__ Six Flags Great America is a Six Flags amusement park located at Gurnee, Illinois, in the Chicago metropolitan area.", "Six Flags Great America __knowledge__ It first opened in 1976 as Marriott's Great America.", "Six Flags Great America __knowledge__ Six Flags purchased the park from the Marriott Corporation in 1984, making it the seventh park in the chain.", "Six Flags Great America __knowledge__ As of 2016, the park has ten themed sections, a water park, three specially themed children's areas, and various other forms of entertainment.", "Six Flags Great America __knowledge__ The 2016 attendance of the park is estimated to be 2,950,000 million visitors.", "Six Flags Great America __knowledge__ Six Flags Great America is 5th in number of roller coasters at any theme park in the world.", "Six Flags Great America __knowledge__ Marriott Corporation began construction on the park in 1974 and opened it on May 29, 1976, as \"Marriott's Great America\" (a sister park, with almost identical layout and attractions, opened in northern California in Santa Clara the same year).", "Six Flags New Orleans __knowledge__ Six Flags New Orleans (SFNO) is a 140-acre, abandoned theme park in New Orleans, Louisiana that has been closed since Hurricane Katrina struck the state in August 2005.", "Six Flags New Orleans __knowledge__ It is owned by the Industrial Development Board (IDB) of New Orleans.", "Six Flags New Orleans __knowledge__ Six Flags had leased the park from 2002 until 2009 when the lease was terminated during its bankruptcy proceedings.", "Six Flags New Orleans __knowledge__ The park is located in New Orleans East, off Interstate 10.", "Six Flags New Orleans __knowledge__ Despite various announced plans to redevelop the site, as of January 2018, it is still an abandoned amusement park in extremely poor condition.", "Six Flags New Orleans __knowledge__ The site is owned and maintained by IDB.", "Six Flags New Orleans __knowledge__ The site has 24-hour security and trespassers are prosecuted.", "Cedar Fair __knowledge__ Cedar Fair, L.P., doing business as the Cedar Fair Entertainment Company, is a publicly traded partnership headquartered at its Cedar Point amusement park in Sandusky, Ohio.", "Cedar Fair __knowledge__ The company owns and operates twelve amusement parks, two outdoor water parks, one indoor water park, and five hotels in the US and Canada.", "Cedar Fair __knowledge__ Cedar Fair also manages Gilroy Gardens under contract with the city of Gilroy, California.", "Cedar Fair __knowledge__ Cedar Point opened in 1870 as a recreational area.", "Cedar Fair __knowledge__ The park was developed over the years going through only a few managements.", "Cedar Fair __knowledge__ The park belonged to the Cedar Point Pleasure Company.", "Cedar Fair __knowledge__ In 1974, Cedar Point Pleasure Company proposed building an amusement park in Cambridge Township, Michigan on the former Frontier City amusement park site.", "Six Flags White Water __knowledge__ Six Flags White Water is a water park located northwest of Atlanta, in unincorporated Cobb County.", "Six Flags White Water __knowledge__ Originally opening in 1984 as White Water Atlanta, the park became part of the Six Flags family of parks in 1999.", "Six Flags White Water __knowledge__ Today, it is marketed as a second gate to Six Flags Over Georgia, and the two parks often cross-promote each other.", "Six Flags White Water __knowledge__ In 2012, the park hosted 505,000 visitors, ranking it #12 on the list of the top water parks in North America.", "Six Flags White Water __knowledge__ Six Flags White Water was constructed by Silver Dollar City, a theme park company known today as Herschend Family Entertainment, as a corporate sibling to their White Water park in Branson, Missouri and their White Water (Now White Water Bay) waterpark in Oklahoma, and first opened in 1984.", "Six Flags America __knowledge__ Six Flags America is a theme park located in Woodmore CDP, Prince George's County, Maryland, near Upper Marlboro, and in the Washington, DC metropolitan area.", "Six Flags America __knowledge__ Founded as a wildlife center in 1973 by Ross Perot, ABC television operated the park as a drive-through safari called The Largo Wildlife Preserve beginning in 1974 until its closure in 1978.", "Six Flags America __knowledge__ The property was bought by Jim Fowler's Wild Kingdom; thereafter the site was converted from a wildlife preserve into a theme park named Wild World gradually over the years.", "Six Flags America __knowledge__ In 1992, the park was renamed Adventure World after being acquired by Premier Parks, and ultimately was branded as the 10th Six Flags park when Premier Parks acquired Six Flags Inc. and adopted its name in 1999.", "Six Flags AstroWorld __knowledge__ Six Flags AstroWorld was a seasonally operated theme park located on approximately of land (later expanded to over ) between Kirby Drive and Fannin Avenue, directly south of Loop 610 in Houston, Texas.", "Six Flags AstroWorld __knowledge__ Opening on June 1, 1968, it was originally developed and constructed as part of the Astrodomain, the brainchild of local philanthropist and former Houston mayor Judge Roy Hofheinz, who intended it to complement The Astrodome.", "Six Flags AstroWorld __knowledge__ AstroWorld was sold to the Six Flags Corporation by the Hofheinz family in 1975.", "Six Flags AstroWorld __knowledge__ Although the fourth park to be included in the Six Flags family of theme parks, it was the first park to be purchased by that company instead of being built." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Cedar Point is a amusement park located on a Lake Erie peninsula in Sandusky, Ohio.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Opened in 1870, it is the second-oldest operating amusement park in the United States behind Lake Compounce.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Cedar Point is owned and operated by Cedar Fair and is considered the flagship of the amusement park chain.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Known as \"America's Roller Coast\", the park features a world-record 72 rides, including 16 roller coasters – the second-most in the world behind Six Flags Magic Mountain.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Its newest roller coaster, Steel Vengeance, is set to open in May 2018.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Cedar Point's normal operating season runs from early May until Labor Day in September.", "Veterans Health Administration scandal of 2014 __knowledge__ The Veterans Health Administration scandal of 2014 is a reported pattern of negligence in the treatment of United States military veterans.", "Veterans Health Administration scandal of 2014 __knowledge__ Critics charged that patients at the VHA hospitals had not met the target of getting an appointment within 14 days.", "Veterans Health Administration scandal of 2014 __knowledge__ In some hospitals, the staff falsified appointment records to appear to meet the 14-day target.", "Veterans Health Administration scandal of 2014 __knowledge__ Some patients died while they were on the waiting list; reports differ about whether they died because of the delay.", "Veterans Health Administration scandal of 2014 __knowledge__ CNN reported on April 30, 2014 that at least 40 United States Armed Forces veterans died while waiting for care at the Phoenix, Arizona, Veterans Health Administration facilities.", "Millennium Force __knowledge__ Millennium Force is a steel roller coaster built by Intamin at Cedar Point amusement park in Sandusky, Ohio, United States.", "Millennium Force __knowledge__ It was the fourteenth roller coaster to be built at the park since Blue Streak opened in 1964.", "Millennium Force __knowledge__ Upon completion in 2000, Millennium Force broke six world records and was the world's first Giga Coaster, a roller coaster that exceeds in height and completes a full circuit.", "Millennium Force __knowledge__ It was briefly the tallest and fastest in the world until Steel Dragon 2000 opened later the same year.", "Millennium Force __knowledge__ The ride is also the third-longest roller coaster in North America after The Beast at Kings Island and Fury 325 at Carowinds.", "Kings Island __knowledge__ Kings Island is a amusement park located northeast of Cincinnati in Mason, Ohio.", "Kings Island __knowledge__ Owned and operated by Cedar Fair, the park first opened in 1972 by the Taft Broadcasting Company in an effort to move and expand Coney Island, a popular resort destination along the banks of the Ohio River that was prone to frequent flooding.", "Kings Island __knowledge__ After more than $275 million in capital investments, the park features over 80 rides, shows and attractions including fifteen roller coasters and a water park.", "Kings Island __knowledge__ Throughout its history, Kings Island has appeared in popular sitcoms and received widespread recognition for its record-breaking attractions and events.", "Medicare (Canada) __knowledge__ Medicare () is the national health care system of Canada.", "Medicare (Canada) __knowledge__ Canada has a publicly funded, single-payer health care system consisting of 13 provincial and territorial health insurance plans that provides universal health care coverage to Canadian citizens, permanent residents and certain temporary residents.", "Medicare (Canada) __knowledge__ It is administered on a provincial or territorial basis, within the guidelines set by the federal government.", "Medicare (Canada) __knowledge__ The formal terminology for the insurance system is provided by the \"Canada Health Act\" and the health insurance legislation of the individual provinces and territories.", "Medicare (Canada) __knowledge__ The name is a contraction of \"medical\" and \"care\", and was used in the United States for health care programs since at least 1953.", "Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States is often made by government, public health and public policy analysts.", "Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ The two countries had similar healthcare systems before Canada changed its system in the 1960s and 1970s.", "Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ The United States spends much more money on healthcare than Canada, on both a per-capita basis and as a percentage of GDP.", "Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ In 2006, per-capita spending for health care in Canada was US$3,678; in the U.S., US$6,714.", "Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. spent 15.3% of GDP on healthcare in that year; Canada spent 10.0%.", "Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States __knowledge__ In 2006, 70% of healthcare spending in Canada was financed by government, versus 46% in the United States.", "Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China __knowledge__ Reports of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners and other political prisoners in China have raised increasing concern by some groups within the international community.", "Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China __knowledge__ According to the reports, political prisoners, mainly Falun Gong practitioners, are being executed \"on demand\" in order to provide organs to recipients.", "Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China __knowledge__ The organ harvesting is said to be taking place both as a result of the Chinese Communist Party's persecution of Falun Gong and because of the financial incentives available to the institutions and individuals involved in the trade.", "Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China __knowledge__ Reports on systematic organ harvesting from Falun Gong prisoners first emerged in 2006, though the practice is thought by some to have started six years earlier.", "Dorney Park &amp; Wildwater Kingdom __knowledge__ Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom is an amusement and water park owned and operated by Cedar Fair and located in between Allentown, Pennsylvania and Emmaus, Pennsylvania.", "Dorney Park &amp; Wildwater Kingdom __knowledge__ The park features eight roller coasters, other adult and children's rides, and a waterpark, Wildwater Kingdom.", "Dorney Park &amp; Wildwater Kingdom __knowledge__ It features some of the world's most prominent roller coasters, including Steel Force, the ninth longest steel roller coaster in the world and the second longest on the U.S. East Coast.", "Dorney Park &amp; Wildwater Kingdom __knowledge__ The park is accessible from Interstate 78, U.S. Route 222 (Hamilton Blvd.)", "Dorney Park &amp; Wildwater Kingdom __knowledge__ and Cedar Crest Boulevard.", "Dorney Park &amp; Wildwater Kingdom __knowledge__ The region is served by Lehigh Valley International Airport, about east of Dorney Park.", "Roller coaster elements __knowledge__ Roller coaster elements are the individual parts of roller coaster design and operation, such as a track, hill, loop, or turn.", "Roller coaster elements __knowledge__ Variations in normal track movement that add thrill or excitement to the ride are often called \"thrill elements\" or \"thrill factor\".", "Roller coaster elements __knowledge__ A brake run on a roller coaster is any section of track meant to slow or stop a roller coaster train.", "Roller coaster elements __knowledge__ Brake runs may be located anywhere or hidden along the circuit of a coaster and may be designed to bring the train to a complete halt or to simply adjust the train's speed.", "Roller coaster elements __knowledge__ The vast majority of roller coasters do not have any form of braking on the train but rather forms of braking that exist on track sections.", "Wooden roller coaster __knowledge__ A wooden roller coaster is most often classified as a roller coaster with running rails made of flattened steel strips mounted on laminated wooden track.", "Wooden roller coaster __knowledge__ Occasionally, the support structure may be made out of a steel lattice or truss, but the ride remains classified as a wooden roller coaster due to the track design.", "Wooden roller coaster __knowledge__ Because of the limits of wood, wooden roller coasters, in general, do not have inversions (when the coaster goes upside down), steep drops, or extremely banked turns (overbanked turns).", "Wooden roller coaster __knowledge__ However, there are exceptions; the defunct Son of Beast at Kings Island had a drop and originally had a loop until the end of the 2006 season, although the loop had steel supports.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ An amusement park is a park that features various attractions, such as rides and games, as well as other events for entertainment purposes.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ A theme park is a type of amusement park that bases its structures and attractions around a central theme, often featuring multiple areas with different themes.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ Unlike temporary and mobile funfairs and carnivals, amusement parks are stationary and built for long-lasting operation.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ They are more elaborate than city parks and playgrounds, usually providing attractions that cater to a variety of age groups.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ While amusement parks often contain themed areas, theme parks place a heavier focus with more intricately-designed themes that revolve around a particular subject or group of subjects.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ Six Flags Magic Mountain is a theme park located in the Santa Clarita, California neighborhood of Valencia, 35 miles northwest of Downtown Los Angeles.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ It opened on May 30, 1971, as Magic Mountain, a development of the Newhall Land and Farming Company.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ In 1979, Six Flags purchased the park and added the name \"Six Flags\" to the park's title.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ With 19 roller coasters, Six Flags Magic Mountain holds the world record for most roller coasters in an amusement park.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ In 2015, the park had an estimated 3.3 million visitors ranking it seventeenth in attendance in North America.", "Six Flags Magic Mountain __knowledge__ When the park opened, there were 500 employees and 33 attractions, many of which were designed and built by Arrow Development Co. which designed and built many of the original attractions at Disneyland.", "Roller coaster __knowledge__ A roller coaster is a type of amusement ride that employs a form of elevated railroad track designed with tight turns, steep slopes, and sometimes inversions.", "Roller coaster __knowledge__ People ride along the track in open cars, and the rides are often found in amusement parks and theme parks around the world.", "Roller coaster __knowledge__ LaMarcus Adna Thompson obtained one of the first known patents for a roller coaster design in 1885, related to the Switchback Railway that opened a year earlier at Coney Island.", "Roller coaster __knowledge__ The track in a coaster design does not necessarily have to be a complete circuit, as shuttle roller coasters demonstrate.", "Roller coaster __knowledge__ Most roller coasters have multiple cars in which passengers sit and are restrained." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "God Only Knows __knowledge__ \"God Only Knows\" is a song written by Brian Wilson and Tony Asher for American rock band the Beach Boys, released in May 1966 as the eighth track on the group's album \"Pet Sounds\".", "God Only Knows __knowledge__ Two months later, it was released as the B-side of \"Wouldn't It Be Nice\" in the United States.", "God Only Knows __knowledge__ In other countries, \"God Only Knows\" was the single's A-side, peaking at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart.", "God Only Knows __knowledge__ According to historian John Robert Greene, \"God Only Knows\" led to the reinvention of the popular love song.", "God Only Knows __knowledge__ The song names God in its title and lyrics, unusual for a pop single of its time, as Asher recalled: \"Unless you were Kate Smith and you were singing 'God Bless America', no one [in 1966] thought you could say 'God' in a song.\"", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ Guardians of the Galaxy Vol.", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ 2 is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2014's \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" and the fifteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 __knowledge__ The film is written and directed by James Gunn and stars an ensemble cast featuring Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Pom Klementieff, Elizabeth Debicki, Chris Sullivan, Sean Gunn, Sylvester Stallone, and Kurt Russell.", "List of Sailor Moon characters __knowledge__ The \"Sailor Moon\" manga series features an extensive cast of characters created by Naoko Takeuchi.", "List of Sailor Moon characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in Tokyo, Japan, where the , a group of ten magical girls, are formed to combat an assortment of antagonists attempting to take over the Earth, the Solar System and the Milky Way galaxy.", "List of Sailor Moon characters __knowledge__ Each Soldier can undergo a transformation which grants her a uniform in her own theme colors and her own unique elemental power.", "List of Sailor Moon characters __knowledge__ The ten Sailor Soldiers are named after the planets of the Solar System, with the exception of Earth.", "List of Sailor Moon characters __knowledge__ While many of the characters are humans with superhuman strength and magical abilities, the cast also includes anthropomorphic animals and extraterrestrial lifeforms.", "Five Eyes __knowledge__ The Five Eyes, often abbreviated as FVEY, is an intelligence alliance comprising Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Five Eyes __knowledge__ These countries, with a similar common law legal inheritance, are parties to the multilateral UKUSA Agreement, a treaty for joint cooperation in signals intelligence.", "Five Eyes __knowledge__ The origins of the FVEY can be traced back to the post-World War II period, when the Atlantic Charter was issued by the Allies to lay out their goals for a post-war world.", "Five Eyes __knowledge__ During the course of the Cold War, the ECHELON surveillance system was initially developed by the FVEY to monitor the communications of the former Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, although it is now used to monitor billions of private communications worldwide.", "Nine Inch Nails __knowledge__ Nine Inch Nails, commonly abbreviated as NIN (stylized as NIИ), is an American industrial band founded in 1988 by Trent Reznor in Cleveland, Ohio.", "Nine Inch Nails __knowledge__ The band released two influential albums during the 1990s—\"The Downward Spiral\" (1994) and \"The Fragile\" (1999)—and has record sales exceeding over 20 million copies worldwide, with 10 million sales certified in the United States alone.", "Nine Inch Nails __knowledge__ Despite its success, the band has had several feuds with the corporate side of the recording industry.", "Nine Inch Nails __knowledge__ The first was its notable conflict with TVT Records regarding the band's first album, \"Pretty Hate Machine\", which led Reznor to record his follow-up album in secrecy to avoid the label's influence.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ An amusement park is a park that features various attractions, such as rides and games, as well as other events for entertainment purposes.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ A theme park is a type of amusement park that bases its structures and attractions around a central theme, often featuring multiple areas with different themes.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ Unlike temporary and mobile funfairs and carnivals, amusement parks are stationary and built for long-lasting operation.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ They are more elaborate than city parks and playgrounds, usually providing attractions that cater to a variety of age groups.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ While amusement parks often contain themed areas, theme parks place a heavier focus with more intricately-designed themes that revolve around a particular subject or group of subjects.", "Coney Island __knowledge__ Coney Island is a peninsular residential neighborhood, beach, and leisure/entertainment destination of Long Island on the Coney Island Channel, which is part of the Lower Bay in the southwestern part of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City.", "Coney Island __knowledge__ The site was formerly an outer barrier island but became partially connected to the rest of Long Island by land fill.", "Coney Island __knowledge__ The residential portion of the peninsula is a community of 60,000 people in its western part, with Sea Gate to its west, Brighton Beach and Manhattan Beach to its east, the Lower Bay to the south, and Gravesend to the north.", "Coney Island __knowledge__ Coney Island is well known as the site of amusement parks and a seaside resort.", "LeSourdsville Lake Amusement Park __knowledge__ LeSourdsville Lake Amusement Park was an amusement park located in Middletown, Ohio.", "LeSourdsville Lake Amusement Park __knowledge__ Opening in 1922 as a family picnic and campground, LeSourdsville Lake transformed in the 1940s to an amusement park with rides, attractions, and an arcade.", "LeSourdsville Lake Amusement Park __knowledge__ In 1977, the name was changed to Americana Amusement Park.", "LeSourdsville Lake Amusement Park __knowledge__ Following an electrical fire in 1990 that caused over $5 million in damages, the park fell into decline and was eventually closed in 1999.", "LeSourdsville Lake Amusement Park __knowledge__ Under new ownership, the park briefly opened again in 2002 returning to the name \"LeSourdsville Lake Amusement Park\", but after failed attempts to turn a profit and the operating company going bankrupt, it closed permanently near the end of the 2002 season.", "Huntington, West Virginia __knowledge__ Huntington is a city in Cabell County and Wayne County in the U.S. state of West Virginia.", "Huntington, West Virginia __knowledge__ It is the county seat of Cabell County, and largest city in the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, sometimes referred to as the Tri-State Area.", "Huntington, West Virginia __knowledge__ A historic and bustling city of commerce and heavy industry, Huntington has long-flourished due to its ideal location on the Ohio River at the mouth of the Guyandotte River.", "Huntington, West Virginia __knowledge__ It is home to the Port of Huntington Tri-State, the busiest inland port in the United States.", "Huntington, West Virginia __knowledge__ Surrounded by extensive natural resources, the industrial sector is based in coal, oil, chemicals and steel all of which support Huntington's diversified economy.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Cedar Point is a amusement park located on a Lake Erie peninsula in Sandusky, Ohio.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Opened in 1870, it is the second-oldest operating amusement park in the United States behind Lake Compounce.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Cedar Point is owned and operated by Cedar Fair and is considered the flagship of the amusement park chain.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Known as \"America's Roller Coast\", the park features a world-record 72 rides, including 16 roller coasters – the second-most in the world behind Six Flags Magic Mountain.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Its newest roller coaster, Steel Vengeance, is set to open in May 2018.", "Cedar Point __knowledge__ Cedar Point's normal operating season runs from early May until Labor Day in September.", "Toronto Islands __knowledge__ The Toronto Islands (formerly known as Island of Hiawatha and also known as Menecing, meaning \"On the Island\" in the Ojibwa language) are a chain of small islands in Lake Ontario, south of mainland Toronto, Ontario, Canada.", "Toronto Islands __knowledge__ Comprising the only group of islands in the western part of Lake Ontario, the Toronto Islands are located just offshore from the city centre, and provide shelter for Toronto Harbour.", "Toronto Islands __knowledge__ The islands are home to parkland, the Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport, several yacht clubs, Centreville Amusement Park, and Hanlan's Beach.", "Toronto Islands __knowledge__ The island community is considered to be the largest urban car-free community in North America, although some service vehicles are permitted.", "Kings Island __knowledge__ Kings Island is a amusement park located northeast of Cincinnati in Mason, Ohio.", "Kings Island __knowledge__ Owned and operated by Cedar Fair, the park first opened in 1972 by the Taft Broadcasting Company in an effort to move and expand Coney Island, a popular resort destination along the banks of the Ohio River that was prone to frequent flooding.", "Kings Island __knowledge__ After more than $275 million in capital investments, the park features over 80 rides, shows and attractions including fifteen roller coasters and a water park.", "Kings Island __knowledge__ Throughout its history, Kings Island has appeared in popular sitcoms and received widespread recognition for its record-breaking attractions and events." ] ]

[ 3, 38, 12, 25, 67 ]

[ "I have not but I have done those ones where it makes artifical waves, as well as wave pools", "i went to the wave pool in Six flags, a big water park and amusemaent park. It was really cool, the waves were huge", "I have been there as well, I tried to ride all 16 roller coasters, but only could get on like8 before the day was over. It is like a better dorney park", "Have you ever been to King's Island? It is also in Ohio, and is a fairly large amusement park", "I live like 10 hours away, but Imight make the drive to ride steel vengeance, which should open up May 2018" ]

[ "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing" ]

[ "Madonna (entertainer)", "She has done almost everything in her career. She also made some huge fashion statements!", "When did she release her first album?", "How many albums has she released?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Madonna Louise Ciccone (; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Referred to as the \"Queen of Pop\" since the 1980s, Madonna is known for pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music, as well as visual imagery in music videos and on stage.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ She has also frequently reinvented both her music and image while maintaining autonomy within the recording industry.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Besides sparking controversy, her works have been praised by music critics.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Madonna is often cited as an influence by other artists.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Born and raised in Michigan, Madonna moved to New York City in 1978 to pursue a career in modern dance.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ After performing as a drummer, guitarist and vocalist in the music groups Breakfast Club and Emmy, Madonna signed with Sire Records in 1982 and released her eponymous debut album the next year.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ She followed it with a series of successful albums, including the global bestsellers, \"Like a Virgin\" (1984) and \"True Blue\" (1986), as well as the Grammy Award winners, \"Ray of Light\" (1998) and \"Confessions on a Dance Floor\" (2005).", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Throughout her career, Madonna has written and produced most of her songs, with many of them reaching number one on the record charts, including \"Like a Virgin\", \"Papa Don't Preach\", \"Like a Prayer\", \"Vogue\", \"Take a Bow\", \"Frozen\", \"Music\", \"Hung Up\", and \"4 Minutes\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Madonna Louise Ciccone (; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Referred to as the \"Queen of Pop\" since the 1980s, Madonna is known for pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music, as well as visual imagery in music videos and on stage.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ She has also frequently reinvented both her music and image while maintaining autonomy within the recording industry.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Besides sparking controversy, her works have been praised by music critics.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Madonna is often cited as an influence by other artists.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Born and raised in Michigan, Madonna moved to New York City in 1978 to pursue a career in modern dance.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ After performing as a drummer, guitarist and vocalist in the music groups Breakfast Club and Emmy, Madonna signed with Sire Records in 1982 and released her eponymous debut album the next year.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ She followed it with a series of successful albums, including the global bestsellers, \"Like a Virgin\" (1984) and \"True Blue\" (1986), as well as the Grammy Award winners, \"Ray of Light\" (1998) and \"Confessions on a Dance Floor\" (2005).", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Throughout her career, Madonna has written and produced most of her songs, with many of them reaching number one on the record charts, including \"Like a Virgin\", \"Papa Don't Preach\", \"Like a Prayer\", \"Vogue\", \"Take a Bow\", \"Frozen\", \"Music\", \"Hung Up\", and \"4 Minutes\".", "Arakkal kingdom __knowledge__ Arakkal kingdom (Kingdom of Cannanore, Sultanate of Laccadive and Cannanore) was a former city-state on the Malabar Coast, ruled by a dynasty of the same name.", "Arakkal kingdom __knowledge__ The ruling King was called Ali Raja (\"the Sea Ruler\") and the ruling queen was called Arakkal Beevi.", "Arakkal kingdom __knowledge__ Arakkal kingdom included little more than the Cannanore town and the southern Laccadive Islands (Agatti, Kavaratti, Androth and Kalpeni, as well as Minicoy), originally leased from the Kolattiri.", "Arakkal kingdom __knowledge__ The royal family is said to be originally a branch of the Kolattiri, descended from a princess of that family who converted to Islam.", "Arakkal kingdom __knowledge__ They owed allegiance to the Kolattiri rulers, whose ministers they had been at one time.", "Fashion __knowledge__ Fashion is a popular style or practice, especially in clothing, footwear, accessories, makeup, hairstyle and body.", "Fashion __knowledge__ Fashion is a distinctive and often constant trend in the style in which a person dresses.", "Fashion __knowledge__ It is the prevailing styles in behaviour and the newest creations of textile designers.", "Fashion __knowledge__ Because the more technical term \"costume\" is regularly linked to the term \"fashion\", the use of the former has been relegated to special senses like fancy dress or masquerade wear, while \"fashion\" generally means clothing, including the study of it.", "Fashion __knowledge__ Although aspects of fashion can be feminine or masculine, some trends are androgynous.", "Mysorean invasion of Kerala __knowledge__ The Mysorean invasion of Kerala (1766 –1792) was the military invasion of Malabar (northern Kerala), including the territories of the Zamorin of Calicut, by the Muslim \"de facto\" ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore Hyder Ali.", "Mysorean invasion of Kerala __knowledge__ After completing the occupation, Kingdom of Cochin, situated south of Malabar, was made a tributary state of Mysore.", "Mysorean invasion of Kerala __knowledge__ The major reason for the occupation of Malabar was the desire to have access to the Indian Ocean ports.", "Mysorean invasion of Kerala __knowledge__ The Mysore invasion provided the English East India Company more chances to tighten their grip on the ancient feudal principalities of Malabar and converting Travancore, over whom Mysore Sultans attacked after Cochin, to a mere protected ally By the 18th century, all the petty kingdoms of Kerala had been absorbed or subordinated by three big states of Travancore, Calicut (ruled by Zamorins) and Cochin.", "Padayottam __knowledge__ Padayottam is a 1982 Indian Malayalam-language epic historical film directed by Jijo Punnoose and produced by Navodaya Appachan.", "Padayottam __knowledge__ The screenplay was influenced by the novel \"The Count of Monte Cristo\" by Alexandre Dumas.", "Padayottam __knowledge__ It stars Prem Nazir, Madhu, Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair, Mammootty, Mohanlal, Shankar, Lakshmi, and Poornima Jayaram.", "Padayottam __knowledge__ It was the first Indian film to be indigenously shot in the 70 mm film format.", "Padayottam __knowledge__ The Kolathiri Raja (Thikkurisi Sukumaran Nair) is a prosperous ruler of Northern Kerala.", "Padayottam __knowledge__ Prince Udayan (Prem Nazir), Raja's second nephew, is handsome, brave and intelligent than Prince Devan (Madhu), Raja's elder nephew.", "Muhammad Thakurufaanu Al Auzam __knowledge__ as-Sulṭaan al-Ghaazee Muhamadhu Thakurufaanu al-A'uẓam () (death August 26, 1585) or Al-Sultan Ghazi Muhammad Bodu Thakurufaanu ruled over the Maldive Islands from 1573 to 1585 AD.", "Muhammad Thakurufaanu Al Auzam __knowledge__ He was a captain, environmentalist and a military strategist.", "Muhammad Thakurufaanu Al Auzam __knowledge__ He is considered as the national hero of the Maldives for driving out the Portuguese who ruled over the Maldives from 1558-1573 after killing Sultan Ali VI in Malé.", "Muhammad Thakurufaanu Al Auzam __knowledge__ His victory is commemorated in the Maldives as \"Qaumee Dhuvas\" or National Day.", "Muhammad Thakurufaanu Al Auzam __knowledge__ He was also the first Maldivian king to form the 'Lashkaru\" (a unified military body).", "Muhammad Thakurufaanu Al Auzam __knowledge__ Muhammad Thakurufaanu was the son of a khatib, Husain of Utheemu in Thiladhummathi Atoll and Amina Dio of Ihavandhoo.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Minicoy __knowledge__ Minicoy, locally known as Maliku (Dhivehi: މަލިކު ; ) is an island in Lakshadweep, India.", "Minicoy __knowledge__ Along with Viringili, it is on \"Maliku atoll\", the southernmost atoll of Lakshadweep archipelago.", "Minicoy __knowledge__ Administratively, it is a census town in the Indian union territory of Lakshadweep.", "Minicoy __knowledge__ Minicoy is known as \"Maliku\" in the local language.", "Minicoy __knowledge__ The ancient name of Maliku was \"Mahiladū\" meaning women's island.", "Minicoy __knowledge__ Mahiladū is the conjugated form of \"Mahila nadū\", which literally means woman-land.", "Minicoy __knowledge__ However, the name \"Maliku\" is thought to have been derived from the Arab trader's term for the island, \"Jazirat al-Maliku\" ('the island of the king').", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ This is a list of artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Dance Club Songs chart (13 or more).", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ Madonna currently holds the record for the most number-one songs in the 41-year history of the chart, with 46 and is the artist with the most number-ones of any \"Billboard\" chart.", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ The only other artists to have achieved more than 20 chart toppers are Rihanna (30) and Beyoncé (22).", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ Janet Jackson has accumulated 19 number-ones during her career, followed by Katy Perry with 18.", "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart __knowledge__ Mariah Carey and Kristine W are tied with 17, the latter generating the most consecutive number-ones in the chart's history with her first nine singles.", "Floodlit Cup (Northern Ireland) __knowledge__ The Floodlit Cup (more commonly known as the Budweiser Floodlit Cup, Budweiser Cup or Coca-Cola Cup for sponsorship reasons) was an annual football competition organised by the Irish Football League in the late-1980s and 1990s.", "Floodlit Cup (Northern Ireland) __knowledge__ By the mid-1980s all Irish League clubs had installed floodlighting at their grounds, largely through grants awarded by the Football Trust.", "Floodlit Cup (Northern Ireland) __knowledge__ This presented the opportunity for the founding of a new competition with the prospect of much needed sponsorship revenue.", "Floodlit Cup (Northern Ireland) __knowledge__ Budweiser was announced as the sponsor of this new competition, presenting a total prize fund of £12,000 for competing teams and administration.", "Rebel Heart __knowledge__ Rebel Heart is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Madonna.", "Rebel Heart __knowledge__ It was released on March 6, 2015, by Interscope Records.", "Rebel Heart __knowledge__ Following the completion of the \"MDNA\" release and promotion, Madonna worked on the album throughout 2014, co-writing and co-producing it with various musicians, including Diplo, Avicii, and Kanye West.", "Rebel Heart __knowledge__ She regularly uploaded pictures of her recording sessions on her Instagram account.", "Rebel Heart __knowledge__ Unlike her previous efforts, which involved only a few people, working with a large number of collaborators posed problems for Madonna in keeping a cohesive sound and creative direction for the album.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ \"Like a Prayer\" is a song by American singer Madonna, from her fourth studio album of the same name.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ Sire Records released it as the album's lead single on March 3, 1989.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ Written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, the track denoted a more artistic and personal approach to songwriting for Madonna, who believed that she needed to cater more to her adult audience.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ The song is about a passionate young girl in love with God, who becomes the only male figure in her life.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ \"Like a Prayer\" is a pop rock song and incorporates gospel music.", "Like a Prayer (song) __knowledge__ It features background vocals from a choir and also a rock guitar.", "Bedtime Stories (Madonna album) __knowledge__ Bedtime Stories is the sixth studio album by American singer Madonna.", "Bedtime Stories (Madonna album) __knowledge__ It was released on October 25, 1994, by Maverick and Warner Bros. Records.", "Bedtime Stories (Madonna album) __knowledge__ Madonna collaborated with Dallas Austin, Babyface, Dave \"Jam\" Hall, and Nellee Hooper in order to move into a more mainstream sound.", "Bedtime Stories (Madonna album) __knowledge__ The singer wanted to soften her image following the critical and commercial backlash she faced after releasing sexually explicit projects in the previous two years, notably the \"Erotica\" album and the book \"Sex\" in 1992.", "Bedtime Stories (Madonna album) __knowledge__ This image transformation was preceded by the ballad \"I'll Remember\", the soundtrack of the 1994 film \"With Honors\".", "List of awards and nominations received by Madonna __knowledge__ Madonna is an American singer, songwriter, and actress.", "List of awards and nominations received by Madonna __knowledge__ Born in Bay City, Michigan, on August 16, 1958, and raised in Rochester Hills, Michigan, she moved to New York City in 1978, for a career in modern dance.", "List of awards and nominations received by Madonna __knowledge__ After performing as a member of the pop musical groups Breakfast Club and Emmy, she released her self-titled debut album, \"Madonna\" in 1983, by Sire Records.", "List of awards and nominations received by Madonna __knowledge__ She received a Best New Artist nomination at the 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA) for the song \"Borderline\".", "List of awards and nominations received by Madonna __knowledge__ \"Madonna\" was followed by a series of hit singles from her studio albums \"Like a Virgin\" (1984) and \"True Blue\" (1986) which gave her global recognition." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Madonna Louise Ciccone (; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Referred to as the \"Queen of Pop\" since the 1980s, Madonna is known for pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music, as well as visual imagery in music videos and on stage.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ She has also frequently reinvented both her music and image while maintaining autonomy within the recording industry.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Besides sparking controversy, her works have been praised by music critics.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Madonna is often cited as an influence by other artists.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Born and raised in Michigan, Madonna moved to New York City in 1978 to pursue a career in modern dance.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ After performing as a drummer, guitarist and vocalist in the music groups Breakfast Club and Emmy, Madonna signed with Sire Records in 1982 and released her eponymous debut album the next year.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ She followed it with a series of successful albums, including the global bestsellers, \"Like a Virgin\" (1984) and \"True Blue\" (1986), as well as the Grammy Award winners, \"Ray of Light\" (1998) and \"Confessions on a Dance Floor\" (2005).", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Throughout her career, Madonna has written and produced most of her songs, with many of them reaching number one on the record charts, including \"Like a Virgin\", \"Papa Don't Preach\", \"Like a Prayer\", \"Vogue\", \"Take a Bow\", \"Frozen\", \"Music\", \"Hung Up\", and \"4 Minutes\".", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ Reba Nell McEntire (born March 28, 1955) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ She began her career in the music industry as a high school student singing in the Kiowa High School band, on local radio shows with her siblings, and at rodeos.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ While a sophomore in college, she performed the National Anthem at the National Rodeo in Oklahoma City and caught the attention of country artist Red Steagall who brought her to Nashville, Tennessee.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ She signed a contract with Mercury Records a year later in 1975.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ She released her first solo album in 1977 and released five additional studio albums under the label until 1983.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Since 1992, Kabir Suman recorded a number of studio albums and soundtracks.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Most of those were his self-created songs sung by himself.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ However, his self-created songs were sung by many other artists also.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Beside this, he has recorded some songs which were created by Rabindra nath Tagore & composed by Himanshu Dutta.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Kabir Suman, recorded a number of albums between 1992 and 1999 under the name Suman Chattopaddhyay or Suman Chatterjee.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ In April 1992, Suman published his first album ‘Tomake Chai’, which had 12 songs.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ All songs were sung, written and composed by him.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Except 3 songs, all songs were accompanied by either electronic keyboard, or acoustic guitar, or both (mixed by a four track tape recorder and hardware sequencer) by him alone; those 3 songs were accompanied by tabla and percussion by other artists.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Phil Keaggy __knowledge__ Philip Tyler \"Phil\" Keaggy (born March 23, 1951) is an American acoustic and electric guitarist and vocalist who has released more than 50 albums and contributed to many more recordings in both the contemporary Christian music and mainstream markets.", "Phil Keaggy __knowledge__ He is a seven-time recipient of the GMA Dove Award for Instrumental Album of the Year, and was twice nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Gospel Album.", "Phil Keaggy __knowledge__ He has frequently been listed as one of the world's top-three \"finger-style\", as well as \"finger-picking\", guitarists by \"Guitar Player Magazine\" readers' polls.", "Phil Keaggy __knowledge__ Keaggy was raised in a small farmhouse in Hubbard, Ohio with nine brothers and sisters.", "Shinhwa __knowledge__ Shinhwa () is a South Korean six-member boy band based in Seoul, composed of Eric Mun, Lee Min-woo, Kim Dong-wan, Shin Hye-sung, Jun Jin, and Andy Lee.", "Shinhwa __knowledge__ Launched by SM Entertainment on 24 March 1998 and now managed by Shinhwa Company, the group is the longest-running boy band in the history of K-pop and one of the pioneers of the K-pop idol culture.", "Shinhwa __knowledge__ Shinhwa is the Korean word for myth or legend.", "Shinhwa __knowledge__ The group was one of the early successes of SM Entertainment along with H.O.T.", "Shinhwa __knowledge__ and S.E.S..", "Shinhwa __knowledge__ When the contract with SM Entertainment expired in July 2003, all six members signed with Good Entertainment as a group.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London, England in 1962.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano).", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974.", "The Rolling Stones __knowledge__ After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since.", "ABBA __knowledge__ ABBA () were a Swedish pop group, formed in Stockholm in 1972 by Agnetha Fältskog, Björn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson, and Anni-Frid Lyngstad: the group name derives from the first letter in each of their names.", "ABBA __knowledge__ They became one of the most commercially successful acts in the history of popular music, topping the charts worldwide from 1974 to 1982.", "ABBA __knowledge__ ABBA won the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 at The Dome in Brighton, UK, giving Sweden its first triumph in the contest.", "ABBA __knowledge__ They are the most successful group to have taken part in the competition.", "ABBA __knowledge__ ABBA are estimated to have sold 340 to over 500 million records, making them one of the best-selling music artists of all time.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "April Scott (Home and Away) __knowledge__ April Scott is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Rhiannon Fish.", "April Scott (Home and Away) __knowledge__ The actress successfully auditioned for the role of April and she described the process as quick.", "April Scott (Home and Away) __knowledge__ Fish's role in the soap was announced in May 2010 and she made her first on screen appearance as April on 15 June 2010.", "April Scott (Home and Away) __knowledge__ In April 2013, it was announced that Fish had decided to leave \"Home and Away\" and April departed on 13 November 2013.", "April Scott (Home and Away) __knowledge__ Before her arrival on screen, April was described as being \"worldly, intelligent and quick witted\" by a writer for \"The Daily Telegraph\".", "April Scott (Home and Away) __knowledge__ April has travelled the world and has become independent and wise beyond her years because of it.", "Leonora Blanche Alleyne __knowledge__ Leonora Blanche \"Nora\" Lang (née Alleyne) (1851 – 10 July 1933) was an author, editor, and translator.", "Leonora Blanche Alleyne __knowledge__ She is best known as variously the translator, collaborator and writer of the Fairy Books, a series of 25 collections of folk and fairy tales for children published between 1889 and 1913.", "Leonora Blanche Alleyne __knowledge__ The best known of these are the Rainbow Fairy Books, a series of twelve collections of fairy tales each assigned a different colour.", "Leonora Blanche Alleyne __knowledge__ The authorship and translation of the Coloured Fairy Books is often and incorrectly attributed to Andrew Lang, Nora's husband, alone.", "Leonora Blanche Alleyne __knowledge__ According to literary critic Anita Silvey, \"The irony of [Andrew] Lang's life and work is that although he wrote for a profession — literary criticism; fiction; poems; books and articles on anthropology, mythology, history, and travel [...] he is best recognized for the works he did not write.\"", "Chinese Food Made Easy __knowledge__ Chinese Food Made Easy by Ching He Huang is a 6-part cooking television series commissioned and shown by BBC Two and BBC HD.", "Chinese Food Made Easy __knowledge__ The series contains Ching's own versions of easy to make Chinese Food, spicy Szechuan food, Noodles, Dim sum, Sea Food, Fast Food, Desserts and Celebratory Food, where she presents a complete banquet.", "Chinese Food Made Easy __knowledge__ Olympic medal winning rower Katherine Grainger appears in the first episode of the series.", "Chinese Food Made Easy __knowledge__ Ching teaches Katherine how to cook a healthy version of sweet and sour pork.", "Chinese Food Made Easy __knowledge__ The show attracted 2.9 million viewers at a share of 13% that night.", "Chinese Food Made Easy __knowledge__ In another episode she creates her unique Chinese style version of the popular British take away dish fish and chips.", "Mark Alexander (painter) __knowledge__ Mark Alexander (born 1966) is a British artist living and working in Berlin.", "Mark Alexander (painter) __knowledge__ Born in the small market town of Horsham, West Sussex, Alexander came to painting relatively late, receiving his BFA from Oxford University as a mature student in 1996, despite his lack of formal education or training.", "Mark Alexander (painter) __knowledge__ Alexander was an artist in residence at the Beethoven Haus in Bonn, Germany (2014–15).", "Mark Alexander (painter) __knowledge__ Alexander has nine of his works included in the permanent collection of The Centre Pompidou Foundation, Paris.", "Mark Alexander (painter) __knowledge__ Alexander's style is characterised by meticulous labour-intensive brushwork.", "Mark Alexander (painter) __knowledge__ His art often reinvents the icons of the past, recasting such well-known cultural objects as the Shield of Achilles, Van Gogh's famous portrait of the French physician Paul Gachet, and ruined statues of saints in New College, Oxford." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Madonna Louise Ciccone (; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Referred to as the \"Queen of Pop\" since the 1980s, Madonna is known for pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music, as well as visual imagery in music videos and on stage.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ She has also frequently reinvented both her music and image while maintaining autonomy within the recording industry.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Besides sparking controversy, her works have been praised by music critics.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Madonna is often cited as an influence by other artists.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Born and raised in Michigan, Madonna moved to New York City in 1978 to pursue a career in modern dance.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ After performing as a drummer, guitarist and vocalist in the music groups Breakfast Club and Emmy, Madonna signed with Sire Records in 1982 and released her eponymous debut album the next year.", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ She followed it with a series of successful albums, including the global bestsellers, \"Like a Virgin\" (1984) and \"True Blue\" (1986), as well as the Grammy Award winners, \"Ray of Light\" (1998) and \"Confessions on a Dance Floor\" (2005).", "Madonna (entertainer) __knowledge__ Throughout her career, Madonna has written and produced most of her songs, with many of them reaching number one on the record charts, including \"Like a Virgin\", \"Papa Don't Preach\", \"Like a Prayer\", \"Vogue\", \"Take a Bow\", \"Frozen\", \"Music\", \"Hung Up\", and \"4 Minutes\".", "Double album __knowledge__ A double album (or double record) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold, typically records and compact disc.", "Double album __knowledge__ A double album is usually, though not always, released as such, because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium.", "Double album __knowledge__ Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically; however, there are exceptions such as John Lennon's \"Some Time in New York City\" and Pink Floyd's \"Ummagumma\" (both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together) and OutKast's \"Speakerboxxx/The Love Below\" (effectively two solo albums, one by each member of the duo).", "21 (Adele album) __knowledge__ 21 is the second studio album by English singer-songwriter Adele.", "21 (Adele album) __knowledge__ It was released on 24 January 2011 in Europe and on 22 February 2011 in North America.", "21 (Adele album) __knowledge__ The album was named after the age of the singer during its production.", "21 (Adele album) __knowledge__ \"21\" shares the folk and Motown soul influences of her 2008 debut album \"19\", but was further inspired by the American country and Southern blues music to which she had been exposed during her 2008–09 North American tour An Evening with Adele.", "21 (Adele album) __knowledge__ Composed in the aftermath of the singer's separation from her partner, the album typifies the near dormant tradition of the confessional singer-songwriter in its exploration of heartbreak, self-examination, and forgiveness.", "José Feliciano __knowledge__ José Monserrate Feliciano García (born September 10, 1945), better known simply as José Feliciano , is a Puerto Rican guitarist, singer, and songwriter, best known for many international hits, including his rendition of The Doors' \"Light My Fire\" and the best-selling Christmas single, \"Feliz Navidad\".", "José Feliciano __knowledge__ He was born blind.", "José Feliciano __knowledge__ His music is known for having a mix of styles, for example including both flamenco music and mellow easy listening influences in many songs.", "José Feliciano __knowledge__ In the US, he received widespread popularity in the 1960s, particularly after his 1968 album \"Feliciano!\"", "José Feliciano __knowledge__ came out and was a number two hit.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States.", "John Coltrane __knowledge__ John William Coltrane, also known as \"Trane\" (September 23, 1926 – July 17, 1967), was an American jazz saxophonist and composer.", "John Coltrane __knowledge__ Working in the bebop and hard bop idioms early in his career, Coltrane helped pioneer the use of modes in jazz and was later at the forefront of free jazz.", "John Coltrane __knowledge__ He led at least fifty recording sessions during his career, and appeared as a sideman on many albums by other musicians, including trumpeter Miles Davis and pianist Thelonious Monk.", "John Coltrane __knowledge__ As his career progressed, Coltrane and his music took on an increasingly spiritual dimension.", "John Coltrane __knowledge__ Coltrane influenced innumerable musicians, and remains one of the most significant saxophonists in music history.", "Youth Alive Australia __knowledge__ Youth Alive is a non-profit interdenominational Christian organisation dedicated to reaching the youth of Australia with the gospel of Jesus Christ.", "Youth Alive Australia __knowledge__ It is run on a state-based structure with offices in New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania, Western Australia and South Australia.", "Youth Alive Australia __knowledge__ The mission of Youth Alive Australia is to reach young people for Jesus Christ, raise a new generation of leaders and resource the local church.", "Youth Alive Australia __knowledge__ Launched for the first time in 2015, \"United We Stand\" is a nationwide initiative by Youth Alive Australia.", "Youth Alive Australia __knowledge__ In previous years, Youth Alive Australia has put on large scale events in all of the major cities in Australia but \"United We Stand\" changed this tradition in an attempt to reach more young people for Jesus.", "Music of the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ \"Final Fantasy\" is a media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and owned by Square Enix that includes video games, motion pictures, and other merchandise.", "Music of the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ The series began in 1987 as an eponymous role-playing video game developed by Square, spawning a video game series that became the central focus of the franchise.", "Music of the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ The music of the \"Final Fantasy\" series refers to the soundtracks of the \"Final Fantasy\" series of video games, as well as the surrounding medley of soundtrack, arranged, and compilation albums.", "Music of the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ The series' music ranges from very light background music to emotionally intense interweavings of character and situation leitmotifs.", "Warner Bros. Records __knowledge__ Warner Bros. Records Inc. is an American major record label established in 1958 as the foundation label of the present-day Warner Music Group (WMG), and now operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of that corporation.", "Warner Bros. Records __knowledge__ Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19, 1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros.. For most of its early existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations.", "Warner Bros. Records __knowledge__ The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a convoluted series of corporate mergers and acquisitions from the early 1960s to the early 2000s.", "Madonna (Madonna album) __knowledge__ Madonna (retitled Madonna: The First Album for the 1985 re-release) is the debut album by American singer and songwriter Madonna, released on July 27, 1983 by Sire Records.", "Madonna (Madonna album) __knowledge__ After having established herself as a singer in downtown New York City, Madonna was signed by Sire president Seymour Stein, due to the success of her debut single, \"Everybody\" (1982).", "Madonna (Madonna album) __knowledge__ Unhappy with the work of producer Reggie Lucas, Madonna invited John \"Jellybean\" Benitez to complete the album, who remixed three tracks and produced \"Holiday\".", "Madonna (Madonna album) __knowledge__ \"Madonna\" has an upbeat synthetic disco sound, using new technology of the time, including the Linn drum machine, Moog bass and Oberheim OB-X synthesizer.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "The Undertones __knowledge__ The Undertones are a punk rock/new wave band formed in Derry, Northern Ireland, in 1974.", "The Undertones __knowledge__ From 1975 to 1983, the Undertones consisted of Feargal Sharkey (vocals), John O'Neill (rhythm guitar, vocals), Damian O'Neill (lead guitar, vocals), Michael Bradley (bass, vocals) and Billy Doherty (drums).", "The Undertones __knowledge__ Much of the earlier Undertones material drew influence from punk rock and new wave; the Undertones also incorporated elements of rock, glam rock and post-punk into material released after 1979, before citing soul and Motown as the influence for the material released upon their final album.", "The Undertones __knowledge__ The Undertones released thirteen singles and four studio albums between 1978 and 1983 before Sharkey announced his intention to leave the band in May 1983, citing musical differences as the reason for the break up.", "Everybody (Madonna song) __knowledge__ \"Everybody\" is a song by American singer Madonna from her eponymous debut studio album \"Madonna\" (1983).", "Everybody (Madonna song) __knowledge__ It was released on October 6, 1982, by the Sire label as her debut single.", "Everybody (Madonna song) __knowledge__ Madonna had recorded a demo of the song with Steve Bray.", "Everybody (Madonna song) __knowledge__ She urged DJ Mark Kamins, who played at her dance club, to play it.", "Everybody (Madonna song) __knowledge__ He was impressed by the song and took her to Sire Records, who signed her for a two-song deal.", "Everybody (Madonna song) __knowledge__ However, after the recording of the two singles was over, Sire executive Michael Rosenblatt was not interested in the other song production and decided to release only \"Everybody\".", "Everybody (Madonna song) __knowledge__ By incorporating R&B infused beats in the music and not including her image on the cover artwork, marketing for the song gave the impression of Madonna as a black artist.", "Ramones (album) __knowledge__ Ramones is the debut studio album by American punk rock band the Ramones, released on April 23, 1976 by Sire Records.", "Ramones (album) __knowledge__ After \"Hit Parader\" editor Lisa Robinson saw the band at a gig in New York City, she wrote about them in an article and contacted Danny Fields, insisting that he be their manager.", "Ramones (album) __knowledge__ Fields agreed and convinced Craig Leon to produce \"Ramones\", and the band recorded a demo for prospective record labels.", "Ramones (album) __knowledge__ Leon persuaded Sire president Seymour Stein to listen to the band perform, and he later offered the band a recording contract.", "Ramones (album) __knowledge__ The Ramones began recording in January 1976, needing only seven days and $6,400 to record the album.", "Burning Up (Madonna song) __knowledge__ \"Burning Up\" is a song by American singer Madonna from her 1983 eponymous debut album.", "Burning Up (Madonna song) __knowledge__ It was released as the album's second single in March 9, 1983, in some countries as a double-A side single with \"Physical Attraction\", another song from the album.", "Burning Up (Madonna song) __knowledge__ The song was presented as an early recorded demo by Madonna to Sire Records who green-lighted the recording of the single after the first single \"Everybody\" became a dance hit.", "Burning Up (Madonna song) __knowledge__ Madonna collaborated with Reggie Lucas, who produced the single while John Benitez provided the guitar riffs and backing vocals.", "Burning Up (Madonna song) __knowledge__ Musically, the song incorporates instrumentation from bass guitar, synthesizers and drums, and the lyrics talk of the singer's lack of shame in declaring her passion for her lover." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 7, 8 ]

[ "I love Madonna! She's so talented in that she is a singer, songwriter, and an actress!", "She is awesome! Interestingly she quite often reinvents her music and her image!", "After she signed with Sire Records in 1982, she released her debut album the following year", "I don't know how many in total, but I do know that several won Grammy Awards, including Ray of Light and Confessions on a Dance Floor" ]

[ "Madonna (entertainer)", "Madonna (entertainer)", "Madonna (entertainer)", "Madonna (entertainer)" ]

[ "Ice cream\nI think Ice cream is the best dessert", "Does green tea ice cream have caffeine?", "I think my favorite ice cream is breyers because they don't use anything artificial", "That is really cool. They seem to be a great ice cream company. Plus it isn't crazy expensive" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ There is a clear indication that Mount Fuji-shaped green tea ice cream was an item on the menu at the royal dinner party during the Meiji period (1868–1912).", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ The true origin of green tea ice cream, however, is unknown.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ Although green tea itself seems to have existed as local handmade ice cream at some districts in Japan, none of the Japanese flavored ice creams were really merchandised until the 1990s because the major Japanese ice cream manufacturers were producing vanilla, strawberry and chocolate as their primary flavors.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ However, green tea shaved ice has been well known and popular in Japan long before green tea ice cream.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Bacon ice cream (or bacon-and-egg ice cream) is an ice cream generally created by adding bacon to egg custard and freezing the mixture.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ The concept of bacon ice cream originated in a 1973 sketch on the British comedy series \"The Two Ronnies\" as a joke; however, it was eventually created for April Fools' Day.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Heston Blumenthal experimented with the creation of ice cream, making a custard similar to scrambled eggs then adding bacon to create one of his signature dishes.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ It now appears on dessert menus in other restaurants.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream is generally expected to be a sweet food, eaten as a dessert, even though there is evidence of savoury ice creams eaten in Victorian times.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Ice cream parlors (or parlours) are restaurants that sell ice cream, gelato, sorbet, and frozen yogurt to consumers.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Ice cream is typically sold as regular ice cream (also called hard-packed ice cream), gelato, and soft serve, which is usually dispensed by a machine with a limited number of flavors (e.g., chocolate, vanilla, and \"twist\", a mix of the two).", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ It is customary for ice cream parlors to offer a number of flavors and items.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Parlors often serve ice cream and other frozen desserts in cones or in dishes, to be eaten with a spoon.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Some ice cream parlours prepare ice cream desserts such as sundaes (ice cream topped with syrup, whipped cream and other toppings) or milkshakes.", "Sundae __knowledge__ The sundae () is a sweet ice cream dessert.", "Sundae __knowledge__ It typically consists of one or more scoops of ice cream topped with sauce or syrup, and in some cases other toppings including sprinkles, whipped cream, peanuts, maraschino cherries, or other fruits (e.g., bananas and pineapple in a banana split.).", "Sundae __knowledge__ According to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\", the origin of the term \"sundae\" is obscure; however, it is generally accepted that the spelling \"sundae\" derives from the English word \"Sunday\".", "Sundae __knowledge__ Among the many stories about the invention of the sundae, a frequent theme is that the ice cream sundae was a variation of the popular ice cream soda.", "Ice cream sandwich __knowledge__ An ice cream sandwich is a frozen dessert consisting of ice cream between two wafers, cookies, or other similar biscuit.", "Ice cream sandwich __knowledge__ Within Australia, ice cream sandwiches are given the commercial name of \"Giant Sandwich\" (recognizable by its distinct blue and pink wrapper), and \"Monaco Bar\" (recognizable by its gold and black metallic wrapper) in the Eastern states.", "Ice cream sandwich __knowledge__ Other varieties include Streets \"Cookie\", \"Maxibon\" (with one-half ice cream sandwich) and \"Maxibon Cookie\", and \"Pat and Stick's Homemade range\" (recognizable by its circular shape).", "Ice cream sandwich __knowledge__ The original ice cream sandwich was commonly known as a \"cream between\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ There is a clear indication that Mount Fuji-shaped green tea ice cream was an item on the menu at the royal dinner party during the Meiji period (1868–1912).", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ The true origin of green tea ice cream, however, is unknown.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ Although green tea itself seems to have existed as local handmade ice cream at some districts in Japan, none of the Japanese flavored ice creams were really merchandised until the 1990s because the major Japanese ice cream manufacturers were producing vanilla, strawberry and chocolate as their primary flavors.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ However, green tea shaved ice has been well known and popular in Japan long before green tea ice cream.", "Mr. Green Tea Ice Cream Company __knowledge__ Mr. Green Tea Ice Cream Company is a third generation family owned business founded in 1968 by Santo (Sam) Emanuele in Brooklyn, New York, that specializes in the manufacture of exotic flavors including green tea, red bean, ginger, chai latte and fortune cookie.", "Mr. Green Tea Ice Cream Company __knowledge__ Mr. Green Tea serves tens of thousands of upscale restaurants throughout the country including some of the finest Japanese restaurants in the world, such as Michelin-starred Sushi of Gari and Zagat \"Top Ten\" Sushi Yasuda.", "Mr. Green Tea Ice Cream Company __knowledge__ Martha Stewart served Mr. Green Tea at her 2005 staff holiday party.", "Mr. Green Tea Ice Cream Company __knowledge__ In 2009, Mr. Green Tea was served at various festival parties and events of the Sundance Film Festival.", "Matcha __knowledge__ During shaded growth, the plant \"Camellia sinensis\" produces more theanine and caffeine.", "Matcha __knowledge__ This combination of chemicals is considered to account for the calm energy people might feel from drinking matcha.", "Matcha __knowledge__ The powdered form of matcha is consumed differently from tea leaves or tea bags, and is dissolved in a liquid, typically water or milk.", "Matcha __knowledge__ The traditional Japanese tea ceremony centers on the preparation, serving, and drinking of matcha as hot tea and embodies a meditative spiritual style.", "Matcha __knowledge__ In modern times, matcha also has come to be used to flavor and dye foods such as mochi and soba noodles, green tea ice cream, matcha lattes, and a variety of Japanese \"wagashi\" confectionery.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea culture is defined by the way tea is made and consumed, by the way the people interact with tea, and by the aesthetics surrounding tea drinking.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ It includes aspects of tea production, tea brewing, tea arts and ceremony, society, history, health, ethics, education, and communication and media issues.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea plays an important role in some countries.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ It is commonly consumed at social events, and many cultures have created intricate formal ceremonies for these events.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Afternoon tea is a British custom with widespread appeal.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea ceremonies, with their roots in the Chinese tea culture, differ among Asian countries, such as the Japanese or Korean versions.", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea is an aromatic beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured leaves of the \"Camellia sinensis\", an evergreen shrub (bush) native to Asia.", "Tea __knowledge__ After water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world.", "Tea __knowledge__ There are many different types of tea; some, like Darjeeling and Chinese greens, have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral or grassy notes.", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea originated in Southwest China, where it was used as a medicinal drink.", "Tea __knowledge__ It was popularized as a recreational drink during the Chinese Tang dynasty, and tea drinking spread to other East Asian countries.", "Green tea __knowledge__ Green tea is a type of tea that is made from \"Camellia sinensis\" leaves that have not undergone the same withering and oxidation process used to make oolong teas and black teas.", "Green tea __knowledge__ Green tea originated in China, but its production and manufacture has spread to many other countries in Asia.", "Green tea __knowledge__ Several varieties of green tea exist, which differ substantially based on the variety of \"C. sinensis\" used, growing conditions, horticultural methods, production processing, and time of harvest.", "Green tea __knowledge__ Tea consumption has its legendary origins in China during the reign of Emperor Shennong.", "Green tea __knowledge__ A book written by Lu Yu in 600-900 AD (Tang Dynasty), \"Tea Classic\" (), is considered important in green tea history.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ There are several known mechanisms of action to explain the effects of caffeine.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ The most prominent is that it reversibly blocks the action of adenosine on its receptor and consequently prevents the onset of drowsiness induced by adenosine.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system.", "Caffeine __knowledge__ Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "Breyers __knowledge__ Breyers is a brand of frozen desserts sold in the United States and Canada and owned by Unilever.", "Breyers __knowledge__ The company was first founded in 1866 by William A. Breyer who sold his ice cream on his horse and wagon in the streets of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Breyers __knowledge__ In 1866, William A. Breyer began to produce and sell iced cream in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, first from his home, and later via horse and wagon on the streets.", "Breyers __knowledge__ Breyer's son Henry, incorporated the business in 1908.", "Breyers __knowledge__ The formerly independent Breyer Ice Cream Company was sold to the National Dairy Products Corporation in 1926.", "Breyers __knowledge__ National Dairy then changed its name to Kraftco in 1969, and Kraft by 1975.", "Good Humor __knowledge__ Good Humor is an American brand of ice cream novelties sold from ice cream trucks as well as stores and other retail outlets.", "Good Humor __knowledge__ Originally, Good Humors were chocolate-coated ice cream bars on a stick, but the line was expanded over the years to include a wide range of novelties.", "Good Humor __knowledge__ The Good Humor company started in Youngstown, Ohio, during the early 1920s and covered most of the country by the mid-1930s.", "Good Humor __knowledge__ Good Humor became a fixture in American popular culture, and at its peak in the 1950s the company operated 2,000 \"sales cars\".", "Good Humor __knowledge__ In 1961, Good Humor was acquired by Thomas J. Lipton, the U.S. subsidiary of the international Unilever conglomerate.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ There is a clear indication that Mount Fuji-shaped green tea ice cream was an item on the menu at the royal dinner party during the Meiji period (1868–1912).", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ The true origin of green tea ice cream, however, is unknown.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ Although green tea itself seems to have existed as local handmade ice cream at some districts in Japan, none of the Japanese flavored ice creams were really merchandised until the 1990s because the major Japanese ice cream manufacturers were producing vanilla, strawberry and chocolate as their primary flavors.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ However, green tea shaved ice has been well known and popular in Japan long before green tea ice cream.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Good Humor-Breyers __knowledge__ Good Humor-Breyers (Ice Cream USA) is a unit of Unilever that includes the formerly independent Good Humor, Breyers, Klondike bar, Popsicle, and Dickie Dee brands.", "Good Humor-Breyers __knowledge__ It was based in Green Bay, Wisconsin, now in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.", "Good Humor-Breyers __knowledge__ It was formed by the merger of Good Humor and Breyers (after Breyers sold apart from Kraft) in 1993.", "Good Humor-Breyers __knowledge__ Unilever integrated its ice cream division into its main offices in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey in 2007.", "Good Humor-Breyers __knowledge__ The Good Humor brand used to be well known for its ice cream trucks.", "Good Humor-Breyers __knowledge__ It is now a part of Unilever's international \"Heartbrand.\"", "Good Humor-Breyers __knowledge__ Dickie Dee was a Canadian ice cream vending company, that sold product from ice cream trucks and tricycle carts.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is usually made from milk, ice cream, or iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate syrup, or fruit syrup.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Outside the United States, milkshakes using ice cream or iced milk are sometimes called a thick milkshake or thick shake; in New England, the term frappe may be used to differentiate it from thinner forms of flavored milk.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Full-service restaurants, soda fountains, and diners usually prepare and mix the shake \"by hand\" from scoops of ice cream and milk in a blender or drink mixer using a stainless steel cup.", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea is an aromatic beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured leaves of the \"Camellia sinensis\", an evergreen shrub (bush) native to Asia.", "Tea __knowledge__ After water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world.", "Tea __knowledge__ There are many different types of tea; some, like Darjeeling and Chinese greens, have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral or grassy notes.", "Tea __knowledge__ Tea originated in Southwest China, where it was used as a medicinal drink.", "Tea __knowledge__ It was popularized as a recreational drink during the Chinese Tang dynasty, and tea drinking spread to other East Asian countries.", "Ramsey's theorem __knowledge__ In combinatorial mathematics, Ramsey's theorem states that one will find monochromatic cliques in any edge labelling (with colours) of a sufficiently large complete graph.", "Ramsey's theorem __knowledge__ To demonstrate the theorem for two colours (say, blue and red), let \"r\" and \"s\" be any two positive integers.", "Ramsey's theorem __knowledge__ Ramsey's theorem states that there exists a least positive integer for which every blue-red edge colouring of the complete graph on vertices contains a blue clique on \"r\" vertices or a red clique on \"s\" vertices.", "Ramsey's theorem __knowledge__ (Here signifies an integer that depends on both \"r\" and \"s\".)", "Ramsey's theorem __knowledge__ Ramsey's theorem is a foundational result in combinatorics.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea culture is defined by the way tea is made and consumed, by the way the people interact with tea, and by the aesthetics surrounding tea drinking.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ It includes aspects of tea production, tea brewing, tea arts and ceremony, society, history, health, ethics, education, and communication and media issues.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea plays an important role in some countries.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ It is commonly consumed at social events, and many cultures have created intricate formal ceremonies for these events.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Afternoon tea is a British custom with widespread appeal.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea ceremonies, with their roots in the Chinese tea culture, differ among Asian countries, such as the Japanese or Korean versions.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Iced tea (or ice tea; \"thé glacé\" in French) is a form of cold tea.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Though usually served in a glass with ice, it can refer to a tea that has been chilled or cooled.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ It may or may not be sweetened.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Iced tea is also a popular packaged drink.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ It can be mixed with flavored syrup, with multiple common flavors including lemon, raspberry, lime, passion fruit, peach, orange, strawberry, and cherry.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ While most iced teas get their flavor from tea leaves (\"Camellia sinensis\"), herbal teas are sometimes served cold and referred to as iced tea.", "Iced tea __knowledge__ Iced tea is sometimes made by a particularly long steeping of tea leaves at lower temperature (one hour in the sun versus 5 minutes at 180–212 °F / 80–100 °C).", "Japanese tea ceremony __knowledge__ The Japanese tea ceremony, also called the Way of Tea, is a Japanese cultural activity involving the ceremonial preparation and presentation of \"matcha \"(抹茶), powdered green tea.", "Japanese tea ceremony __knowledge__ In Japanese, it is called or , while the manner in which it is performed, or the art of its performance, is called .", "Japanese tea ceremony __knowledge__ Zen Buddhism was a primary influence in the development of the Japanese tea ceremony.", "Japanese tea ceremony __knowledge__ Much less commonly, Japanese tea practice uses leaf tea, primarily \"sencha\", in which case it is known in Japanese as as opposed to chanoyu or chadō.", "Japanese tea ceremony __knowledge__ Tea gatherings are classified as an informal tea gathering and a formal tea gathering .", "Masala chai __knowledge__ Masala chai (; , literally \"mixed-spice tea\"; ) is a flavoured tea beverage made by brewing black tea with a mixture of aromatic Indian spices and herbs.", "Masala chai __knowledge__ Originating in the Indian subcontinent, the beverage has gained worldwide popularity, becoming a feature in many coffee and tea houses.", "Masala chai __knowledge__ Although traditionally prepared by a decoction of green cardamom pods, cinnamon sticks, ground cloves, ground ginger, and black peppercorn together with black tea leaves, retail versions include tea bags for infusion, instant powdered mixtures, and concentrates.", "Masala chai __knowledge__ The noun \"chai\" alone refers to the beverage tea, although some cultures have appropriated it as a loanword to mean \"masala chai\".", "Tetley Tea Folk __knowledge__ The Tetley Tea Folk are animated characters used to advertise Tetley Tea from 1973 to 2001, and from 2010 to present.", "Tetley Tea Folk __knowledge__ The Canadian copywriter John McGill Lewis (1929–2009) of the advertising agency McCann Erickson originated the Tetley Tea Folk in 1973, working with art director Peter Rigby, who created the original characters of the Tea Folk, before briefing Wyatt Cattaneo to animate them.", "Tetley Tea Folk __knowledge__ The animated commercials were produced at Wyatt Cattaneo studios, where the Gaffer, Sidney, and supporting characters were animated by studio director Tony Cattaneo and animator Ramon Modiano.", "Tetley Tea Folk __knowledge__ The series, from its start until the early 1980s, combined animation with live action sets and \"props\", such as real tea bags, cups, saucers, etc." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "Pierre's Ice Cream Company __knowledge__ Pierre's Ice Cream Company is a Cleveland-based ice cream company founded by Alex Basset in 1932.", "Pierre's Ice Cream Company __knowledge__ Pierre's Ice Cream Company first opened its store in 1932 at a chic East 82nd Street and Euclid Avenue.", "Pierre's Ice Cream Company __knowledge__ Fresh ice creams were prepared each day in the back of the store which were sold by the cone, the cup, or hand packed.", "Pierre's Ice Cream Company __knowledge__ The founder of this company is Alexander Pierre Basset.", "Pierre's Ice Cream Company __knowledge__ As Pierre's expanded, the company moved to St. Clair Avenue, and to the East 60th Street and Hough Avenue in 1960.", "Pierre's Ice Cream Company __knowledge__ The Hough Avenue plant was shared with the Royal Ice Cream Company owned by Sol Roth, a small ice cream manufacturer.", "Chocolate Shoppe Ice Cream Company __knowledge__ Chocolate Shoppe Ice Cream Co. is an ice cream company based in Madison, Wisconsin that manufactures and distributes super-premium ice cream, frozen yogurt, Italian ice, soy ice cream, and no sugar added ice cream.", "Chocolate Shoppe Ice Cream Company __knowledge__ Chocolate Shoppe Ice Cream Company was founded in 1962 by Chuck Sr. and Nancy Deadman as a candy and ice cream shop in Madison, Wisconsin.", "Chocolate Shoppe Ice Cream Company __knowledge__ The original shop was called Chocolate House Candy and Ice Cream, and served candies purchased from Chocolate House of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and 19 flavors of homemade super-premium ice cream.", "Chocolate Shoppe Ice Cream Company __knowledge__ The company expanded by opening additional locations in the Madison area, and selling ice cream to local restaurants and businesses.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Good Humor __knowledge__ Good Humor is an American brand of ice cream novelties sold from ice cream trucks as well as stores and other retail outlets.", "Good Humor __knowledge__ Originally, Good Humors were chocolate-coated ice cream bars on a stick, but the line was expanded over the years to include a wide range of novelties.", "Good Humor __knowledge__ The Good Humor company started in Youngstown, Ohio, during the early 1920s and covered most of the country by the mid-1930s.", "Good Humor __knowledge__ Good Humor became a fixture in American popular culture, and at its peak in the 1950s the company operated 2,000 \"sales cars\".", "Good Humor __knowledge__ In 1961, Good Humor was acquired by Thomas J. Lipton, the U.S. subsidiary of the international Unilever conglomerate.", "Tip Top (ice cream) __knowledge__ Fonterra Brands (Tip Top) Ltd or commonly known simply as Tip Top ice cream, is a subsidiary of the Fonterra Co-operative Group based in Auckland, New Zealand.", "Tip Top (ice cream) __knowledge__ In 1936 Albert Hayman and Len Malaghan opened their first ice cream parlour in Manners Street, Wellington, New Zealand followed in the same year by a second milk bar in Wellington, and one in Dunedin.", "Tip Top (ice cream) __knowledge__ \"Tip Top Ice Cream Company\" was registered as a manufacturing company in 1936.", "Tip Top (ice cream) __knowledge__ By 1938 Tip Top was manufacturing its own ice cream and was successfully operating stores in the lower half of the North Island, and in Nelson and Blenheim.", "Tip Top (ice cream) __knowledge__ In May 1938 \"Tip Top Ice Cream Company Auckland Limited\" was incorporated into the growing ice cream business.", "Prairie Farms Dairy __knowledge__ Prairie Farms Dairy is a dairy cooperative operating out of Carlinville, Illinois.", "Prairie Farms Dairy __knowledge__ As a dairy cooperative, Prairie Farms receives milk from producers and converts it into many different products, including cheese, butter, ice cream, sour cream, cottage cheese, various dips, yogurt, and fluid milk.", "Prairie Farms Dairy __knowledge__ Prairie Farms also produces and sells juices, flavored drinks, and pre-made iced tea.", "Prairie Farms Dairy __knowledge__ Originally, the company was named the Producers Creamery of Carlinville, but was renamed Prairie Farms Dairy in 1962.", "Prairie Farms Dairy __knowledge__ Since its beginning in 1938, the company has expanded largely through mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures with various dairy cooperatives, producers, and manufacturers.", "Breyers __knowledge__ Breyers is a brand of frozen desserts sold in the United States and Canada and owned by Unilever.", "Breyers __knowledge__ The company was first founded in 1866 by William A. Breyer who sold his ice cream on his horse and wagon in the streets of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Breyers __knowledge__ In 1866, William A. Breyer began to produce and sell iced cream in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, first from his home, and later via horse and wagon on the streets.", "Breyers __knowledge__ Breyer's son Henry, incorporated the business in 1908.", "Breyers __knowledge__ The formerly independent Breyer Ice Cream Company was sold to the National Dairy Products Corporation in 1926.", "Breyers __knowledge__ National Dairy then changed its name to Kraftco in 1969, and Kraft by 1975.", "New Jersey Lottery __knowledge__ The New Jersey Lottery is run by the U.S. state of New Jersey.", "New Jersey Lottery __knowledge__ Its draw games are: Cash4Life, Mega Millions, Powerball, Pick-6, Jersey Cash 5, 5 Card Cash, Pick-4, and Pick-3.", "New Jersey Lottery __knowledge__ The Lottery also sells scratch tickets.", "New Jersey Lottery __knowledge__ The New Jersey Lottery is headquartered in the One Lawrence Park Complex in Lawrence Township, Mercer County.", "New Jersey Lottery __knowledge__ New Jersey Lottery players must be at least 18 years old.", "New Jersey Lottery __knowledge__ The largest prize won on a ticket sold in New Jersey was for the May 7, 2016 Powerball drawing.", "New Jersey Lottery __knowledge__ The annuity value of the ticket was approximately $429,000,000.", "New Jersey Lottery __knowledge__ Pearlie Mae Smith, along with her seven adult children, all of which living in Trenton claimed the ticket on May 13, choosing the cash option.", "First Transcontinental Railroad __knowledge__ The First Transcontinental Railroad (also called the Great Transcontinental Railroad, known originally as the \"Pacific Railroad\" and later as the \"Overland Route\") was a continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha, Nebraska/Council Bluffs, Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay.", "First Transcontinental Railroad __knowledge__ The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants.", "First Transcontinental Railroad __knowledge__ Construction was financed by both state and US government subsidy bonds as well as by company issued mortgage bonds.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Model horse __knowledge__ Model horses are scale replicas of real horses.", "Model horse __knowledge__ They originated simultaneously—but independently—in the USA, Canada, and the UK, followed later by Sweden (UK-influenced), Germany (US-influenced), Australia.", "Model horse __knowledge__ They encompass a wide variety of fanbase activities, from those who simply like to collect, to those who enthusiastically show their models at model horse shows.", "Model horse __knowledge__ Unlike model cars or trains, model horse collectibles do not need to be assembled from kits, although they can be altered to the collector's liking.", "Model horse __knowledge__ The earliest popular brands of mass-produced model horses in the UK and the USA strongly influenced the collecting and showing trends in these two countries - the latex-bodied and haired Julips in the UK, and the injection moulded, hard plastic Breyers in the USA.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk (Oglala Lakota: \"Čhetáŋ Kiŋyáŋ\" in Standard Lakota Orthography; a/k/a Moses Flying Hawk; March 1854 – December 24, 1931) was an Oglala Lakota warrior, historian, educator and philosopher.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk's life chronicles the history of the Oglala Lakota people through the 19th and early 20th centuries, as he fought to deflect the worst effects of white rule; educate his people and preserve sacred Oglala Lakota land and heritage.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Chief Flying Hawk was a combatant in Red Cloud's War and in nearly all of the fights with the U.S. Army during the Great Sioux War of 1876.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ He fought alongside his first cousin Crazy Horse and his brothers Kicking Bear and Black Fox II in the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876, and was present at the death of Crazy Horse in 1877 and the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890.", "Victorian Railways hopper wagons __knowledge__ The Victorian Railways in Australia have had a vast range of hopper-type wagons over the last century, for transporting anything from grains through fuel to various powders.", "Victorian Railways hopper wagons __knowledge__ As a general rule, a hopper wagon involves an open frame with sloped sheets, giving a wider area at the top and a smaller area at the bottom.", "Victorian Railways hopper wagons __knowledge__ The type of intended traffic usually guides both the slopes and whether or not the wagon has a roof to keep the freight dry (for example, with cement or grain wagons).", "Victorian Railways hopper wagons __knowledge__ Later designs experimented with pressurised drums to store various powdered goods, pumped into and out of the wagons using external high-pressure air supplies." ] ]

[ 17, 4, 13, 27 ]

[ "I don't know where it originated, but green tea ice cream is surprisingly good.", "Probably if they use real tea in it, sometimes the just add flavourings and colourings.", "Breyers has been around since 1866, that's a long time, probably drove it around by horse and wagons!", "I like Good Humor brand too, I remember the chocolate covered bars but then they expanded into a wide range of new flavors." ]

[ "Ice cream", "Ice cream", "Ice cream", "Ice cream" ]

[ "Yves Saint Laurent (brand)\nI wish i could buy Yves Saint Laurent stuff but i'm so broke", "do you know the history of this brand?", "wow, long time ago! ", "I've never heard about this movie! I wonder if it's worth watching", "who is Jalil Lespert?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Yves Saint Laurent SAS (; YSL), also known as Saint Laurent, is a French luxury fashion house founded by Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ The company revived its haute couture collection in 2015 under former creative director Hedi Slimane.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ In April 2016, Anthony Vaccarello was appointed as the creative director.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Founded in 1961, it has been considered one of the world's most prominent fashion houses and is known for its modern and iconic pieces, such as its tuxedo jackets for women.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Today, Saint Laurent markets a broad range of women's and men's ready-to-wear products, leather goods, shoes, and jewellery.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Yves Saint Laurent Beauté also has a notable presence in the luxury beauty and fragrance market, although this is owned by L'Oréal who hold exclusive licenses for the name.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ The eponymous brand was founded in 1961 by designer Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé, and the current logos were designed in 1963 by A. M. Cassandre.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ During the 1960s and 1970s, the firm popularized fashion trends such as the beatnik look, safari jackets for men and women, tight pants and tall, thigh-high boots, including the creation of arguably the most famous classic tuxedo suit for women in 1966, Le Smoking suit.", "Yves Saint Laurent (designer) __knowledge__ Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent (; 1 August 1936 – 1 June 2008), professionally known as Yves Saint-Laurent, was a French fashion designer who, in 1961, founded his eponymous fashion label.", "Yves Saint Laurent (designer) __knowledge__ He is regarded as being among the foremost fashion designers in the twentieth century.", "Yves Saint Laurent (designer) __knowledge__ In 1985, Caroline Rennolds Milbank wrote, \"The most consistently celebrated and influential designer of the past twenty-five years, Yves Saint Laurent can be credited with both spurring the couture's rise from its 1960s ashes and with finally rendering ready-to-wear reputable.\"", "Yves Saint Laurent (designer) __knowledge__ He was able to adapt his style to accommodate the changes in fashion during that period.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ Pierre Bergé (; 14 November 1930 – 8 September 2017) was a French award-winning industrialist and patron.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ He co-founded the fashion label Yves Saint Laurent, and was a longtime business partner (and onetime life partner) of the eponymous designer.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ Bergé was born in Oléron (Charente-Maritime) on 14 November 1930.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ His mother, Christiane, was a progressive teacher, who used the Montessori method.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ His father worked for the tax office.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ Bergé attended the Lycée Eugène Fromentin in La Rochelle, and, later, went to Paris.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ On the day of his arrival, as he was walking on the Champs-Élysées, French poet Jacques Prévert landed on him following a fall from his apartment window.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ Yves Saint Laurent is a 2014 French biographical drama film directed by Jalil Lespert and co-written with Jacques Fieschi, Jérémie Guez and Marie-Pierre Huster.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film is based on the life of Yves Saint Laurent from 1958.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Pierre Niney, Guillaume Gallienne, Charlotte Le Bon, Laura Smet, Marie de Villepin, Xavier Lafitte and Nikolai Kinski.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film opened the Panorama Special section of the 64th Berlin International Film Festival at the renovated Zoo Palast, with director, cast and Pierre Bergé in attendance.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film received seven nominations at the 40th César Awards, winning Best Actor for Pierre Niney.", "Christian Louboutin __knowledge__ Christian Louboutin (; born 7 January 1964) is a French fashion designer whose high-end stiletto footwear incorporates shiny, red-lacquered soles that have become his signature.", "Christian Louboutin __knowledge__ Initially a freelance designer for fashion houses, he started his own shoe salon in Paris, with his shoes finding favor with celebrity clientele.", "Christian Louboutin __knowledge__ He has partnered with other organizations for creative projects including limited edition pieces, gallery exhibits, and even a custom bar.", "Christian Louboutin __knowledge__ His company has since branched out into men's footwear, handbags, fragrances and makeup.", "Christian Louboutin __knowledge__ Louboutin was born and raised in Paris's 12th arrondissement.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ The Majorelle Garden (, hadiqat mmajuril, urti majuril) is a two and half acre botanical garden and artist's landscape garden in Marrakech, Morocco.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ It was created by French Orientalist artist, Jacques Majorelle over almost forty years, starting in 1923 and features a Cubist villa designed by French architect, Paul Sinoir in the 1930s.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ The property was the residence of the artist and his wife from 1923 until their divorce in the 1950s.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ In the 1980s, the property was purchased by fashion designers, Yves Saint-Laurent and Pierre Bergé who worked to restore it.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ Today the garden and villa complex is open to the public.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ Hedi Slimane (; born July 5, 1968) is a French photographer and fashion designer.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ From 2000 to 2007, he held the position of creative director for Dior Homme (the menswear line of Christian Dior).", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ From 2012 to 2016, he was the creative director for Yves Saint Laurent.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ He left the brand on March 31, 2016.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ On January 21, 2018, LVMH announced Slimane would take reins at Céline as its artistic, creative and image director; he is set to begin work in February.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ Slimane was born to a Tunisian father and an Italian mother and in 1968 in the 19th arrondissement of Paris.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ At 11, he discovered photography, received his first camera and learned black and white darkroom printing." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Yves Saint Laurent SAS (; YSL), also known as Saint Laurent, is a French luxury fashion house founded by Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ The company revived its haute couture collection in 2015 under former creative director Hedi Slimane.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ In April 2016, Anthony Vaccarello was appointed as the creative director.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Founded in 1961, it has been considered one of the world's most prominent fashion houses and is known for its modern and iconic pieces, such as its tuxedo jackets for women.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Today, Saint Laurent markets a broad range of women's and men's ready-to-wear products, leather goods, shoes, and jewellery.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Yves Saint Laurent Beauté also has a notable presence in the luxury beauty and fragrance market, although this is owned by L'Oréal who hold exclusive licenses for the name.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ The eponymous brand was founded in 1961 by designer Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé, and the current logos were designed in 1963 by A. M. Cassandre.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ During the 1960s and 1970s, the firm popularized fashion trends such as the beatnik look, safari jackets for men and women, tight pants and tall, thigh-high boots, including the creation of arguably the most famous classic tuxedo suit for women in 1966, Le Smoking suit.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ A touchpoint can be defined as any way a consumer can interact with a business, whether it be person-to-person, through a website, an app or any form of communication (“Touchpoint Glossary”, n.d.).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ When consumers come in contact with these touchpoints it gives them the opportunity to compare their prior perceptions of the business and form an opinion (Stein, & Ramaseshan, 2016).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints in marketing communications are the varying ways that a brand interacts and displays information to prospective customers and current customers.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints allow customers to have experiences every time they “touch’ any part of the product, service, brand or organization, across multiple channels and various points in time (Pantano and Milena, 2015 and Zomerdijk and Voss, 2010).", "Brand awareness __knowledge__ Brand awareness refers to the extent to which customers are able to \"recall\" or \"recognise\" a brand.", "Brand awareness __knowledge__ Brand awareness is a key consideration in consumer behavior, advertising management, brand management and strategy development.", "Brand awareness __knowledge__ The consumer's ability to recognise or recall a brand is central to purchasing decision-making.", "Brand awareness __knowledge__ Purchasing cannot proceed unless a consumer is first aware of a product category and a brand within that category.", "Brand awareness __knowledge__ Awareness does not necessarily mean that the consumer must be able to recall a specific brand name, but he or she must be able to recall sufficient distinguishing features for purchasing to proceed.", "Brand __knowledge__ A brand is a name, term, design, symbol, or other feature that distinguishes an organization or product from its rivals in the eyes of the customer.", "Brand __knowledge__ Brands are used in business, marketing, and advertising.", "Brand __knowledge__ Name brands are sometimes distinguished from generic or store brands.", "Brand __knowledge__ The practice of branding is thought to have begun with the ancient Egyptians who were known to have engaged in livestock branding as early as 2,700 BC.", "Brand __knowledge__ Branding was used to differentiate one person’s cattle from another's by means of a distinctive symbol burned into the animal’s skin with a hot branding iron.", "Brand __knowledge__ If a person would steal the animals, anyone could detect the symbol and deduce the actual owner.", "Russell Brand __knowledge__ Russell Edward Brand (born 4 June 1975) is an English comedian, actor, radio host, author, and activist.", "Russell Brand __knowledge__ Beginning his career as a stand-up comedian and later becoming an MTV presenter, Brand first achieved notoriety in 2004 as the host of \"Big Brother's Big Mouth\", a \"Big Brother\" spin-off.", "Russell Brand __knowledge__ In 2007, he had his first major film role in \"St Trinian's\", and the following year he landed a major role in the romantic comedy-drama \"Forgetting Sarah Marshall\"; the film led to him starring in a spin off, the rock comedy \"Get Him to the Greek\", alongside Jonah Hill in 2010.", "Russell Brand __knowledge__ He also worked as a voice actor in the animated films \"Despicable Me\" in 2010, \"Hop\" in 2011, and \"Despicable Me 2\" in 2013, and played the title character of the 2011 remake of the romantic comedy \"Arthur\".", "Brand loyalty __knowledge__ Brand loyalty is defined as positive feelings towards a brand and dedication to purchase the same product or service repeatedly now and in the future from the same brand, regardless of a competitor’s actions or changes in the environment.", "Brand loyalty __knowledge__ It can also be demonstrated with other behaviors such as positive word of mouth advocacy.", "Brand loyalty __knowledge__ Brand loyalty is where an individual buys products from the same manufacturer repeatedly rather than from other suppliers.", "Brand loyalty __knowledge__ Businesses whose value rests in a large part on their brand loyalty are said to use the loyalty business model.", "Brand loyalty __knowledge__ Brand loyalty, in marketing, consists of a consumer's commitment to repurchase or continue to use the brand.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity branding or celebrity endorsement is a form of advertising campaign or marketing strategy used by brands, companies, or a non-profit organization which involves celebrities or a well-known person using their social status or their fame to help promote a product, service or even raise awareness on environmental or social matters.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Marketers use celebrity endorsers in hopes that the positive images of the celebrity endorser of the brand will also be passed on to the products or the brand image associated with the celebrities.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity endorsement is usually commonly used by fashion or beauty brands, but a non-profit organization relies on celebrities as well, as celebrities have mass communication skills which can attract people's attention and is helpful in reaching a wider audience to raise their awareness towards a certain organization or an issue.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Andrew Michael Reynolds (born June 6, 1978) is a professional street skateboarder.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He is the co-founder and owner of Baker Skateboards; a part owner of Brigada Eyewear; a partner in Bakerboys Distribution (distributors of Baker Skateboards, Shake Junt, Deathwish Skateboards, Heroin Skateboards, Palace Skateboards, Hammers Skateboards, Death Lens, and Ashbury Eyewear), and head designer at Altamont Apparel.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Reynolds was a competitor in the 2014 Street League Skateboarding (SLS) contest series and finished with an overall ranking of 25.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He first picked up a board when he was 9 years old.", "Andrew Reynolds (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Influenced by Powell videos at the time, Andrew began to skate jump ramps as well as wall rides.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ Luxury vehicle is a marketing term for a vehicle that provides luxury — pleasant or desirable features beyond strict necessity — at increased expense.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ The term suggests a vehicle with higher quality equipment, better performance, more precise construction, comfort, higher design, technologically innovative modern, or features that convey an image, brand, status, or prestige, or any other 'discretionary' feature or combination of them.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ The term is also broad, highly variable and relative.", "Luxury vehicle __knowledge__ It is a perceptual, conditional and subjective attribute that may be comprehended differently by different people; \"What is a luxury car to some... may be 'ordinary' to others.\"", "Massification __knowledge__ Massification is a strategy that some luxury companies use in order to attain growth in the sales of product.", "Massification __knowledge__ Some luxury brands have taken and used the concept of massification to allow their brands to grow to accommodate a broader market.", "Massification __knowledge__ As a method of implementing massification, companies have created diffusion lines.", "Massification __knowledge__ Diffusion lines are an offshoot of a company or a designers original line that is less expensive in order to reach a broader market and gain a wider consumer base.", "Massification __knowledge__ Another strategy used in massification is brand extensions, which is when an already established company releases a new product under their name.", "Italian fashion __knowledge__ Italy is one of the leading countries in fashion design, alongside others such as France, United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Japan.", "Italian fashion __knowledge__ Fashion has always been an important part of the country's cultural life and society, and Italians are well known for their attention of dressing-up well; \"\"la bella figura\"\", or good impression, remains traditional.", "Italian fashion __knowledge__ Italian became prominent during the 11th–16th centuries, when artistic development in Italy was at its peak.", "Italian fashion __knowledge__ Cities such as Palermo, Venice, Milan, Naples, Florence and Vicenza started to produce luxury goods, hats, cosmetics, jewelry and rich fabrics.", "Chinese luxury shopping behaviour __knowledge__ This issue contributes to Chinese luxury shopping behaviour regarded to the basic aspects of luxury industry.", "Chinese luxury shopping behaviour __knowledge__ This work offers further information about the history of fashion and luxury goods market in different part of the continent focusing more on Chinese market.", "Chinese luxury shopping behaviour __knowledge__ We can get closer to this field of social aspect highlighting Chinese middle class luxury shopping behaviour and gain more information from the field of luxuries.", "Chinese luxury shopping behaviour __knowledge__ The term luxury comes from the Latin ´luxuria´, which means the ´extras of life´.", "Chinese luxury shopping behaviour __knowledge__ The concept of luxury goods refers to have expensive, exclusive goods.", "Chinese luxury shopping behaviour __knowledge__ Those goods often enjoy high brand perceived quality, and are characterised by high price, superb quality, aesthetic design, heritage, reputation, exclusivity, desirability, personality.", "Masstige __knowledge__ Masstige is a marketing term meaning downward brand extension.", "Masstige __knowledge__ The word is a portmanteau of the words \"mass\" and \"prestige\" and has been described as \"prestige for the masses.\"", "Masstige __knowledge__ The term was popularized by Michael Silverstein and Neil Fiske in their book \"Trading Up\" and Harvard Business Review article \"Luxury for the Masses.\"", "Masstige __knowledge__ Masstige products are defined as \"premium but attainable,\" and there are two key tenets: (1) They are considered luxury or premium products and (2) They have price points that fill the gap between mid-market and super premium.", "Masstige __knowledge__ Silverstein and Fiske cite several examples: Several other examples of masstige brand positioning have been proposed by Truon, McColl, and Kitchen include: According to the Oxford Dictionary Online, the term originated during the 1990s.", "Luxury goods __knowledge__ In economics, a luxury good (or upmarket good) is a good for which demand increases more than proportionally as income rises, and is a contrast to a \"necessity good\", for which demand increases proportionally less than income.", "Luxury goods __knowledge__ Luxury goods are often synonymous with superior goods and Veblen goods.", "Luxury goods __knowledge__ Luxury goods are said to have high income elasticity of demand: as people become wealthier, they will buy more and more of the luxury good.", "Luxury goods __knowledge__ This also means, however, that should there be a decline in income its demand will drop.", "Luxury goods __knowledge__ Income elasticity of demand is not constant with respect to income, and may change sign at different levels of income.", "Prada __knowledge__ Prada S.p.A. (; ) is an Italian luxury fashion house, specializing in leather handbags, travel accessories, shoes, ready-to-wear, perfumes and other fashion accessories, founded in 1913 by Mario Prada.", "Prada __knowledge__ The company was started in 1913 by Mario Prada and his brother Martino as a leather goods shop – Fratelli Prada – in Milan, Italy.", "Prada __knowledge__ Initially, the shop sold animal goods and imported English steamer trunks and handbags.", "Prada __knowledge__ Mario Prada did not believe that women should have a role in business, and so he prevented female family members from entering his company.", "Prada __knowledge__ Ironically, Mario's son harbored no interest in the business, so it was his daughter Luisa Prada who took the helm of Prada as his successor, and ran it for almost twenty years." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Yves Saint Laurent SAS (; YSL), also known as Saint Laurent, is a French luxury fashion house founded by Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ The company revived its haute couture collection in 2015 under former creative director Hedi Slimane.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ In April 2016, Anthony Vaccarello was appointed as the creative director.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Founded in 1961, it has been considered one of the world's most prominent fashion houses and is known for its modern and iconic pieces, such as its tuxedo jackets for women.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Today, Saint Laurent markets a broad range of women's and men's ready-to-wear products, leather goods, shoes, and jewellery.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Yves Saint Laurent Beauté also has a notable presence in the luxury beauty and fragrance market, although this is owned by L'Oréal who hold exclusive licenses for the name.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ The eponymous brand was founded in 1961 by designer Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé, and the current logos were designed in 1963 by A. M. Cassandre.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ During the 1960s and 1970s, the firm popularized fashion trends such as the beatnik look, safari jackets for men and women, tight pants and tall, thigh-high boots, including the creation of arguably the most famous classic tuxedo suit for women in 1966, Le Smoking suit.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Long Long Time Ago 2 (; literally \"Our Story 2\") is a 2016 Singaporean period film directed by Jack Neo, the second of a two-part series and the sequel to \"Long Long Time Ago\".", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Continuing from \"Long Long Time Ago\", Zhao Di takes over her family farm with the help of Ah Long after the 1969 floods.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ After the government started reclaiming land for development in 1977, licensed owners like Zhao Di are compensated but her brother accuses her of having an affair with Ah Long to get the money for himself.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Osman does not approve his son playing in a rock band as he fears the negative influence, causing his son to run away from home.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ Long Long Time Ago (; literally \"Our Story\") is a 2016 Singaporean period film directed by Jack Neo, the first of a two-part series.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ The film commemorates Singapore's 50th birthday and stars Aileen Tan, Mark Lee and Wang Lei as the main casts.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ The story spans from 1965 to the early 1970s.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ Heavily pregnant Zhao Di, the unwanted second wife of an older man, was chased out by her husband's family and forced to return to her own family.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ She eventually gave birth to twins, Shun Fatt and Su-Fang.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ As Su-Fang had two moles on her face, which was said to be bad luck, Zhao Di decided to give her up due to the pressure of wanting to build a better life for the rest of her family.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ This article is about placeholder names in various languages.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ In Afrikaans, \"dinges\" ('thing'), \"goeters\" ('things'), \"watsenaam\" ('what's its name') are common placeholders.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A common placeholder name for a semi-mythological place - much the same as Timbuktu - is \"Pofadder\" (a real town).", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A general term for a far away, remote/rural environment is \"Boendoe\".", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ \"Van die jaar toet\" (from the year \"tut\") is often used to indicate an unspecified, long time ago.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ Arabic uses \"Fulan\", \"Fulana[h]\" (فلان / فلانة) and when a last name is needed it becomes \"Fulan AlFulani\", \"Fulana[h] AlFulaniyya[h]\" (فلان الفلاني / فلانة الفلانية).", "Yves Saint Laurent (designer) __knowledge__ Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent (; 1 August 1936 – 1 June 2008), professionally known as Yves Saint-Laurent, was a French fashion designer who, in 1961, founded his eponymous fashion label.", "Yves Saint Laurent (designer) __knowledge__ He is regarded as being among the foremost fashion designers in the twentieth century.", "Yves Saint Laurent (designer) __knowledge__ In 1985, Caroline Rennolds Milbank wrote, \"The most consistently celebrated and influential designer of the past twenty-five years, Yves Saint Laurent can be credited with both spurring the couture's rise from its 1960s ashes and with finally rendering ready-to-wear reputable.\"", "Yves Saint Laurent (designer) __knowledge__ He was able to adapt his style to accommodate the changes in fashion during that period.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ Pierre Bergé (; 14 November 1930 – 8 September 2017) was a French award-winning industrialist and patron.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ He co-founded the fashion label Yves Saint Laurent, and was a longtime business partner (and onetime life partner) of the eponymous designer.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ Bergé was born in Oléron (Charente-Maritime) on 14 November 1930.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ His mother, Christiane, was a progressive teacher, who used the Montessori method.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ His father worked for the tax office.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ Bergé attended the Lycée Eugène Fromentin in La Rochelle, and, later, went to Paris.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ On the day of his arrival, as he was walking on the Champs-Élysées, French poet Jacques Prévert landed on him following a fall from his apartment window.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ Yves Saint Laurent is a 2014 French biographical drama film directed by Jalil Lespert and co-written with Jacques Fieschi, Jérémie Guez and Marie-Pierre Huster.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film is based on the life of Yves Saint Laurent from 1958.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Pierre Niney, Guillaume Gallienne, Charlotte Le Bon, Laura Smet, Marie de Villepin, Xavier Lafitte and Nikolai Kinski.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film opened the Panorama Special section of the 64th Berlin International Film Festival at the renovated Zoo Palast, with director, cast and Pierre Bergé in attendance.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film received seven nominations at the 40th César Awards, winning Best Actor for Pierre Niney.", "Marion Hume __knowledge__ Marion Hume (born 3 July 1962) is a British fashion journalist based in London.", "Marion Hume __knowledge__ Her career spans the UK, the US and Australia.", "Marion Hume __knowledge__ She has interviewed Yves Saint Laurent, Diana Vreeland, Karl Lagerfeld, Tom Ford, Marc Jacobs and Giorgio Armani as well as chief executives of global fashion businesses including LVMH, Richemont, Kering (formerly PPR), Chanel and Max Mara Group.", "Marion Hume __knowledge__ She is also the senior consultant for The Ethical Fashion Initiative of the United Nations’ agency, ITC (International Trade Centre), which works with designers including Vivienne Westwood and Stella McCartney to harness the power of fashion as a vehicle out of poverty for some of the world’s most marginalized artisans.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ The Majorelle Garden (, hadiqat mmajuril, urti majuril) is a two and half acre botanical garden and artist's landscape garden in Marrakech, Morocco.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ It was created by French Orientalist artist, Jacques Majorelle over almost forty years, starting in 1923 and features a Cubist villa designed by French architect, Paul Sinoir in the 1930s.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ The property was the residence of the artist and his wife from 1923 until their divorce in the 1950s.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ In the 1980s, the property was purchased by fashion designers, Yves Saint-Laurent and Pierre Bergé who worked to restore it.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ Today the garden and villa complex is open to the public.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ Hedi Slimane (; born July 5, 1968) is a French photographer and fashion designer.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ From 2000 to 2007, he held the position of creative director for Dior Homme (the menswear line of Christian Dior).", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ From 2012 to 2016, he was the creative director for Yves Saint Laurent.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ He left the brand on March 31, 2016.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ On January 21, 2018, LVMH announced Slimane would take reins at Céline as its artistic, creative and image director; he is set to begin work in February.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ Slimane was born to a Tunisian father and an Italian mother and in 1968 in the 19th arrondissement of Paris.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ At 11, he discovered photography, received his first camera and learned black and white darkroom printing." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Yves Saint Laurent SAS (; YSL), also known as Saint Laurent, is a French luxury fashion house founded by Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ The company revived its haute couture collection in 2015 under former creative director Hedi Slimane.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ In April 2016, Anthony Vaccarello was appointed as the creative director.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Founded in 1961, it has been considered one of the world's most prominent fashion houses and is known for its modern and iconic pieces, such as its tuxedo jackets for women.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Today, Saint Laurent markets a broad range of women's and men's ready-to-wear products, leather goods, shoes, and jewellery.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Yves Saint Laurent Beauté also has a notable presence in the luxury beauty and fragrance market, although this is owned by L'Oréal who hold exclusive licenses for the name.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ The eponymous brand was founded in 1961 by designer Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé, and the current logos were designed in 1963 by A. M. Cassandre.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ During the 1960s and 1970s, the firm popularized fashion trends such as the beatnik look, safari jackets for men and women, tight pants and tall, thigh-high boots, including the creation of arguably the most famous classic tuxedo suit for women in 1966, Le Smoking suit.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Stevland Hardaway Morris (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins; May 13, 1950), known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ A child prodigy, he is considered to be one of the most critically and commercially successful musical performers of the late 20th century.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Wonder signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, and he continued performing and recording for Motown into the 2010s.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ He has been blind since shortly after birth.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Among Wonder's works are singles such as \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\", \"Superstition\", \"Sir Duke\", \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" and \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\"; and albums such as \"Talking Book\", \"Innervisions\" and \"Songs in the Key of Life\".", "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice __knowledge__ Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is a 2016 American superhero film featuring the DC Comics characters Batman and Superman.", "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice __knowledge__ Directed by Zack Snyder, it is the second installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU), following 2013's \"Man of Steel\".", "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice __knowledge__ It was written by Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Jesse Eisenberg, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Jeremy Irons, Holly Hunter, and Gal Gadot.", "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice __knowledge__ \"Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice\" is the first live-action film to feature Batman and Superman together, as well as the first live-action cinematic portrayal of Wonder Woman.", "The Exorcist III __knowledge__ The Exorcist III is a 1990 American psychological horror film written and directed by William Peter Blatty.", "The Exorcist III __knowledge__ It is the third installment of \"The Exorcist\" franchise and a film adaptation of Blatty's novel, \"Legion\" (1983).", "The Exorcist III __knowledge__ The film stars George C. Scott, Ed Flanders, Jason Miller, Scott Wilson and Brad Dourif.", "The Exorcist III __knowledge__ This is the only \"The Exorcist\" film not to be distributed theatrically by Warner Bros., though Warner Bros. subsequently gained international distribution rights.", "The Exorcist III __knowledge__ Set seventeen years after the original film (and ignoring the events of \"\"), the film centers on a character from the first film, the philosophical Lieutenant William F. Kinderman, who is investigating a baffling series of murders in Georgetown that appear to have a satanic motive behind them and furthermore have all the hallmarks of \"The Gemini,\" a deceased serial killer.", "Hippolyta (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Queen Hippolyta is a fictional DC Comics superhero, based on the Amazon queen Hippolyta from Greek mythology.", "Hippolyta (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Introduced in 1941 during the Golden Age of Comic Books, she is the mother of Wonder Woman and Donna Troy, and queen of the Amazons of Themyscira.", "Hippolyta (DC Comics) __knowledge__ The character Hippolyta (initially spelled \"Hippolyte\") first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941) in the same story that introduced her daughter, Princess Diana, known as Wonder Woman.", "Hippolyta (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Created by writer William Moulton Marston and artist Harry G. Peter, this original version of the character is a brunette like Diana.", "Hippolyta (DC Comics) __knowledge__ In the story, Hippolyte and the Amazons once resided in \"Amazonia\" in the days of ancient Greece, until they were beguiled and bested by the demi-god Hercules, who had been inspired by the God of War Mars, to go after her.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman, known from seasons 2-3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, is an American television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ The show stars Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince and Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor Sr. & Jr.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ It originally aired for three seasons from 1975 to 1979.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ The show's first season aired on ABC and is set in the 1940s during World War II.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ The second and third seasons aired on CBS and are set in the 1970s, with the title changed to \"The New Adventures of Wonder Woman\", and a complete change of cast other than Carter and Waggoner.", "Yves Saint Laurent (designer) __knowledge__ Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent (; 1 August 1936 – 1 June 2008), professionally known as Yves Saint-Laurent, was a French fashion designer who, in 1961, founded his eponymous fashion label.", "Yves Saint Laurent (designer) __knowledge__ He is regarded as being among the foremost fashion designers in the twentieth century.", "Yves Saint Laurent (designer) __knowledge__ In 1985, Caroline Rennolds Milbank wrote, \"The most consistently celebrated and influential designer of the past twenty-five years, Yves Saint Laurent can be credited with both spurring the couture's rise from its 1960s ashes and with finally rendering ready-to-wear reputable.\"", "Yves Saint Laurent (designer) __knowledge__ He was able to adapt his style to accommodate the changes in fashion during that period.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ Pierre Bergé (; 14 November 1930 – 8 September 2017) was a French award-winning industrialist and patron.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ He co-founded the fashion label Yves Saint Laurent, and was a longtime business partner (and onetime life partner) of the eponymous designer.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ Bergé was born in Oléron (Charente-Maritime) on 14 November 1930.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ His mother, Christiane, was a progressive teacher, who used the Montessori method.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ His father worked for the tax office.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ Bergé attended the Lycée Eugène Fromentin in La Rochelle, and, later, went to Paris.", "Pierre Bergé __knowledge__ On the day of his arrival, as he was walking on the Champs-Élysées, French poet Jacques Prévert landed on him following a fall from his apartment window.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ Yves Saint Laurent is a 2014 French biographical drama film directed by Jalil Lespert and co-written with Jacques Fieschi, Jérémie Guez and Marie-Pierre Huster.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film is based on the life of Yves Saint Laurent from 1958.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Pierre Niney, Guillaume Gallienne, Charlotte Le Bon, Laura Smet, Marie de Villepin, Xavier Lafitte and Nikolai Kinski.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film opened the Panorama Special section of the 64th Berlin International Film Festival at the renovated Zoo Palast, with director, cast and Pierre Bergé in attendance.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film received seven nominations at the 40th César Awards, winning Best Actor for Pierre Niney.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ The Majorelle Garden (, hadiqat mmajuril, urti majuril) is a two and half acre botanical garden and artist's landscape garden in Marrakech, Morocco.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ It was created by French Orientalist artist, Jacques Majorelle over almost forty years, starting in 1923 and features a Cubist villa designed by French architect, Paul Sinoir in the 1930s.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ The property was the residence of the artist and his wife from 1923 until their divorce in the 1950s.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ In the 1980s, the property was purchased by fashion designers, Yves Saint-Laurent and Pierre Bergé who worked to restore it.", "Majorelle Garden __knowledge__ Today the garden and villa complex is open to the public.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ Hedi Slimane (; born July 5, 1968) is a French photographer and fashion designer.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ From 2000 to 2007, he held the position of creative director for Dior Homme (the menswear line of Christian Dior).", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ From 2012 to 2016, he was the creative director for Yves Saint Laurent.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ He left the brand on March 31, 2016.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ On January 21, 2018, LVMH announced Slimane would take reins at Céline as its artistic, creative and image director; he is set to begin work in February.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ Slimane was born to a Tunisian father and an Italian mother and in 1968 in the 19th arrondissement of Paris.", "Hedi Slimane __knowledge__ At 11, he discovered photography, received his first camera and learned black and white darkroom printing.", "Charles of the Ritz __knowledge__ Charles of the Ritz is a former cosmetics brand known for its line of perfumes.", "Charles of the Ritz __knowledge__ In 1916, hairdresser Charles Jundt took over the Manhattan beauty salon of the New York City Ritz (later the Ritz-Carlton) hotel.", "Charles of the Ritz __knowledge__ He founded his own cosmetics company in 1919, and in 1926, began marketing beauty products under the name \"Charles of the Ritz\".", "Charles of the Ritz __knowledge__ Perfume was added to this line in 1927.", "Charles of the Ritz __knowledge__ In 1932, at the age of 24, Richard B. Salomon was named president of Charles of the Ritz, Inc. Twenty years later, he was elected chairman and chief executive officer.", "Charles of the Ritz __knowledge__ Salomon became known internationally as a businessman, philanthropist and humanitarian." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Yves Saint Laurent SAS (; YSL), also known as Saint Laurent, is a French luxury fashion house founded by Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ The company revived its haute couture collection in 2015 under former creative director Hedi Slimane.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ In April 2016, Anthony Vaccarello was appointed as the creative director.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Founded in 1961, it has been considered one of the world's most prominent fashion houses and is known for its modern and iconic pieces, such as its tuxedo jackets for women.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Today, Saint Laurent markets a broad range of women's and men's ready-to-wear products, leather goods, shoes, and jewellery.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ Yves Saint Laurent Beauté also has a notable presence in the luxury beauty and fragrance market, although this is owned by L'Oréal who hold exclusive licenses for the name.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ The eponymous brand was founded in 1961 by designer Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé, and the current logos were designed in 1963 by A. M. Cassandre.", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand) __knowledge__ During the 1960s and 1970s, the firm popularized fashion trends such as the beatnik look, safari jackets for men and women, tight pants and tall, thigh-high boots, including the creation of arguably the most famous classic tuxedo suit for women in 1966, Le Smoking suit.", "Jalil Lespert __knowledge__ Jalil Lespert (born 11 May 1976) is a French actor, screenwriter and director.", "Jalil Lespert __knowledge__ Born to a French (Pied-Noir) father, actor Jean Lespert, and an Algerian mother, he studied law before turning to acting, to please his mother who is a jurist.", "Jalil Lespert __knowledge__ Married former Miss France Sonia Rolland, with whom he has one child named Kahina, in addition to two others, Jena and Aliosha, from a previous relationship.", "Jalil Lespert __knowledge__ Lespert made his film debut in 1995, in Laurent Cantet's film \"Jeux de plage\", opposite his father.", "Jalil Lespert __knowledge__ His first major role came in 1999, in Jacques Maillot's film \"Nos vies heureuses\".", "Jalil Lespert __knowledge__ The following year, he appeared in another Laurent Cantet film \"Ressources humaines\", which earned him a César Award for Most Promising Actor in 2001.", "Iris (2016 film) __knowledge__ Iris (English: In the Shadow of Iris) is a 2016 French thriller drama film co-written and directed by Jalil Lespert and starring Romain Duris, Charlotte Le Bon, Camille Cottin, and Lespert himself.", "Iris (2016 film) __knowledge__ It is a loose remake of Hideo Nakata's 2000 film \"Chaos\".", "Iris (2016 film) __knowledge__ Iris, the wife of Antoine Doriot, a rich banker, disappears in the middle of Paris.", "Iris (2016 film) __knowledge__ Max, a young mechanic in debt, may be linked to her abduction.", "Iris (2016 film) __knowledge__ But the investigators are still far from imagining the truth about the case that unfolds before their eyes.", "Iris (2016 film) __knowledge__ The script of the film was written by Andrew Bovell.", "Iris (2016 film) __knowledge__ Originally, the film had to be an American production destined to an American studio.", "Human Resources (film) __knowledge__ Human Resources () is a 1999 French-British film directed by Laurent Cantet.", "Human Resources (film) __knowledge__ As the title implies, the subject of the film is the workplace and the personal difficulties that result from conflicts among management and labour, corporations and individuals.", "Human Resources (film) __knowledge__ It stars Jalil Lespert.", "Human Resources (film) __knowledge__ Most of the other actors are non-professionals.", "Human Resources (film) __knowledge__ It won the César Award for Best First Feature Film and the César Award for Most Promising Actor at the 26th César Awards.", "Human Resources (film) __knowledge__ Set in Gaillon, Normandy, the movie tells the story of \"good son\" Franck (Jalil Lespert), who returns to his hometown to do a trainee managerial internship in the Human Resources department of the factory where his anxious, taciturn father has worked for 30 years.", "Kelsey Serwa __knowledge__ Kelsey Serwa (born September 1, 1989) is a Canadian freestyle skier.", "Kelsey Serwa __knowledge__ Serwa is a member of the Canadian national ski cross team.", "Kelsey Serwa __knowledge__ She won a silver medal at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.", "Kelsey Serwa __knowledge__ She is the reigning FIS World Champion and is also the reigning Winter X Games champion.", "Kelsey Serwa __knowledge__ In addition, she has won two gold medals, one at the 2011 X Games and one at the FIS World Championships, and one bronze medal at the 2010 X Games.", "Kelsey Serwa __knowledge__ Serwa won a national championship in 2009 at Canada Olympic Park in Calgary, defeating world champion Ashleigh McIvor.", "Kelsey Serwa __knowledge__ Serwa won her first world cup event on January 13, 2009 at the Alpe d'Huez course after these finals were canceled on the 2009–10 Freestyle Skiing World Cup.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ Yves Saint Laurent is a 2014 French biographical drama film directed by Jalil Lespert and co-written with Jacques Fieschi, Jérémie Guez and Marie-Pierre Huster.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film is based on the life of Yves Saint Laurent from 1958.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Pierre Niney, Guillaume Gallienne, Charlotte Le Bon, Laura Smet, Marie de Villepin, Xavier Lafitte and Nikolai Kinski.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film opened the Panorama Special section of the 64th Berlin International Film Festival at the renovated Zoo Palast, with director, cast and Pierre Bergé in attendance.", "Yves Saint Laurent (film) __knowledge__ The film received seven nominations at the 40th César Awards, winning Best Actor for Pierre Niney.", "Clifford Jack Serwa __knowledge__ Clifford Jack \"Cliff\" Serwa (born December 23, 1935) was a businessman and political figure in British Columbia.", "Clifford Jack Serwa __knowledge__ He represented Okanagan South from 1986 to 1991 and Okanagan West from 1991 to 1996 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as a Social Credit member.", "Clifford Jack Serwa __knowledge__ He was one of only seven Social Credit MLAs elected in the 1991 election that marked the end of the party's dominance of provincial politics.", "Clifford Jack Serwa __knowledge__ Of these seven, only Serwa completed his term as a Social Credit member, leaving him the last member of that party to serve in the legislature.", "Clifford Jack Serwa __knowledge__ He was born in Pine River, Manitoba, the son of Jack Serwa and Helen Churaewski, and was educated in Hudson Bay, Saskatchewan and Kelowna, British Columbia.", "Sonia Rolland __knowledge__ Sonia Rolland (born 11 February 1981) is a Rwandan-French actress and was Miss France in the year 2000.", "Sonia Rolland __knowledge__ She was also a contestant in the Miss Universe competition.", "Sonia Rolland __knowledge__ She was the first African-born winner of the Miss France pageant.", "Sonia Rolland __knowledge__ Born in Kigali, Rwanda, to a Rwandan mother and a French father, Rolland and her family fled the country due to safety concerns with the Rwandan genocide instigating, especially since her mother is Tutsi.", "Sonia Rolland __knowledge__ In 1990 they moved to the neighboring country of Burundi.", "Sonia Rolland __knowledge__ With the growing unrest that led to the Burundi Civil War, they moved to France in 1994.", "Sonia Rolland __knowledge__ At the age 13 with her family, Rolland settled in Burgundy in the small town of Cluny In October 1999, Sonia Rolland won the \"Miss Burgundy\" beauty contest that allowed her to compete for the Miss France 2000 title and at the age of 18 she was the first woman of African descent to win.", "Not on the Lips __knowledge__ Not on the Lips () is a 2003 French musical film directed by Alain Resnais.", "Not on the Lips __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of the operetta \"Pas sur la bouche\", written by André Barde and Maurice Yvain, which was first produced in Paris in 1925.", "Not on the Lips __knowledge__ \"Act 1.\"", "Not on the Lips __knowledge__ Gilberte Valandray (Sabine Azéma) is the socialite wife of rich Parisian businessman Georges Valandray (Pierre Arditi) from whom she has concealed a previous but unvalidated marriage in America, being aware of her husband's belief in the indissolubility of a relationship based on a first sexual experience.", "Not on the Lips __knowledge__ Only her spinster sister Arlette (Isabelle Nanty) knows the secret.", "Dustin O'Halloran __knowledge__ Dustin J. O'Halloran (born September 8, 1971) is an American pianist and composer.", "Dustin O'Halloran __knowledge__ O'Halloran composes scores for film and TV, and forms half of the collaboration A Winged Victory for the Sullen.", "Dustin O'Halloran __knowledge__ O’Halloran was born in Phoenix, Arizona, and spent most of his childhood in Hawaii and Los Angeles.", "Dustin O'Halloran __knowledge__ While studying art at Santa Monica College, he met singer Sara Lov, with whom he founded indie rock band Dévics in 1998.", "Dustin O'Halloran __knowledge__ When the group signed with Bella Union in 2001, they relocated to Romagna, Italy, where O'Halloran lived for seven years.", "Dustin O'Halloran __knowledge__ In 2004, O'Halloran released his first record as a solo artist, \"Piano Solos\"." ] ]

[ 0, 4, 59, 57, 14 ]

[ "I'm pretty broke too. Those French luxury brands are just way too expensive, but I do love their shoes and jewellry!!", "I know a little about it. It was founded by Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Berge in 1961. It's French.", "Yeah! It's been around for a long time. They even made a film about it. It's about Yves Saint Laurent's life during the late 1950's.", "I haven't seen it, but it has been nominated for a bunch of awards! It was directed by Jalil Lespert. ", "He's a famous French actor and director. He's won an award for most promising actor as well. " ]

[ "Yves Saint Laurent (brand)", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand)", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand)", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand)", "Yves Saint Laurent (brand)" ]

[ "Tattoo\nI am thinking of getting a tattoo my wrist. What do you think?", "I guess I should think long and hard about that. I was thinking about a small cross. ", "It would be. How do you feel about tattoos personally?", "I agree. I do think that some people do not think about how they will feel about having some of their tattoos in ten or twenty years. ", "I know it is not a new thing, but I think they used to have more meaning to society." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tattoo __knowledge__ A tattoo is a form of body modification where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos fall into three broad categories: purely decorative (with no specific meaning); symbolic (with a specific meaning pertinent to the wearer); pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item).", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos have historically been regarded in the West as 'uncivilised', and over the last 100 years the fashion has been associated mainly with sailors, working men and criminals.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ By the end of the 20th Century many Western stigmas of the tattoo culture had been dismissed and the practice has become more acceptable and accessible for people of all trades and levels of society.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The word \"tattoo\", or \"tattow\" in the 18th century, is a loanword from the Polynesian word \"tatau\", meaning \"to write\".", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The \"Oxford English Dictionary\" gives the etymology of tattoo as \"In 18th c. tattaow, tattow.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ From Polynesian (Samoan, Tahitian, Tongan, etc.)", "Tattoo __knowledge__ tatau.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ In Marquesan, tatu.\"", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Before the importation of the Polynesian word, the practice of tattooing had been described in the West as painting, scarring, or staining.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ This is not to be confused with the origins of the word for the military drumbeat or performance — see \"military tattoo\".", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Tattooing has been practiced across the globe since at least Neolithic times, as evidenced by mummified preserved skin, ancient art, and the archaeological record.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Both ancient art and archaeological finds of possible tattoo tools suggest tattooing was practiced by the Upper Paleolithic period in Europe.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ However, direct evidence for tattooing on mummified human skin extends only to the 4th millennium BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ The oldest discovery of tattooed human skin to date is found on the body of Ötzi the Iceman, dating to between 3370 and 3100 BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Other tattooed mummies have been recovered from at least 49 archaeological sites including locations in Greenland, Alaska, Siberia, Mongolia, western China, Egypt, Sudan, the Philippines, and the Andes.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Tattoo removal has been performed with various tools since the start of tattooing.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ While tattoos were once considered permanent, it is now possible to remove them with treatments, fully or partially.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Before the development of laser tattoo removal methods, common techniques included dermabrasion, TCA (Trichloroacetic acid, an acid that removes the top layers of skin, reaching as deep as the layer in which the tattoo ink resides), salabrasion (scrubbing the skin with salt), cryosurgery and excision which is sometimes still used along with skin grafts for larger tattoos.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Some early forms of tattoo removal included the injection or application of wine, lime, garlic or pigeon excrement.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The sixth season of the tattoo reality competition \"Ink Master\" (subtitled as \"Ink Master: Master vs. Apprentice\") premiered on Spike on June 23 and concluded on October 13, 2015 with a total of 16 episodes.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The season was announced on December 1, 2014 and premiered on June 23, 2015.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The premise of this season is to feature mentors and their apprentices as they compete against each other in an elimination-style competition with a $100,000 grand prize.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The judges for season six were Chris Núñez, Oliver Peck, and Dave Navarro who also serves as host of the show.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The guest judges this season include Richard Stell (episode 2), Avan Jogia (episode 4), Mike Rubendall (episode 6), Justin Weatherholtz (episode 9) and Rose Hardy (episode 10) and Carter Foster (episode 11).", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Never Again (The X-Files) __knowledge__ \"Never Again\" is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series \"The X-Files\".", "Never Again (The X-Files) __knowledge__ It was written by producers Glen Morgan and James Wong, and directed by Rob Bowman.", "Never Again (The X-Files) __knowledge__ The episode aired in the United States on February 2, 1997 on the Fox network and in the United Kingdom on BBC One on December 3, 1997.", "Never Again (The X-Files) __knowledge__ The episode is a \"Monster-of-the-Week\" story, a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series' wider mythology.", "Never Again (The X-Files) __knowledge__ The episode received a Nielsen rating of 13 and was viewed by 21.36 million viewers.", "Never Again (The X-Files) __knowledge__ It received mostly positive reviews from television critics.", "Anderson v. City of Hermosa Beach __knowledge__ Anderson v. City of Hermosa Beach, 621 F. 3d 1051 (2010), was a decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which ruled that tattoos, the process of tattooing, and the business of tattooing are pure expressive activities that are fully protected by the First Amendment's free speech clause.", "Anderson v. City of Hermosa Beach __knowledge__ The court determined that the process of tattooing constitutes pure expressive activity rather than conduct that is sufficiently imbued with elements of communication.", "Anderson v. City of Hermosa Beach __knowledge__ As pure expressive activity, the process of tattooing can only be regulated by a proper time, place, and manner restriction.", "Anderson v. City of Hermosa Beach __knowledge__ The court found in Anderson v. The City of Hermosa Beach that the Hermosa Beach Municipal Code banning tattoo parlors within the city was not a reasonable time, place, and manner restriction because the regulation was not narrowly tailored to meet the government’s interest and the regulation did not leave open ample alternative avenues for the same messages to be conveyed." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tattoo __knowledge__ A tattoo is a form of body modification where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos fall into three broad categories: purely decorative (with no specific meaning); symbolic (with a specific meaning pertinent to the wearer); pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item).", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos have historically been regarded in the West as 'uncivilised', and over the last 100 years the fashion has been associated mainly with sailors, working men and criminals.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ By the end of the 20th Century many Western stigmas of the tattoo culture had been dismissed and the practice has become more acceptable and accessible for people of all trades and levels of society.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The word \"tattoo\", or \"tattow\" in the 18th century, is a loanword from the Polynesian word \"tatau\", meaning \"to write\".", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The \"Oxford English Dictionary\" gives the etymology of tattoo as \"In 18th c. tattaow, tattow.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ From Polynesian (Samoan, Tahitian, Tongan, etc.)", "Tattoo __knowledge__ tatau.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ In Marquesan, tatu.\"", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Before the importation of the Polynesian word, the practice of tattooing had been described in the West as painting, scarring, or staining.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ This is not to be confused with the origins of the word for the military drumbeat or performance — see \"military tattoo\".", "Berggruen Institute __knowledge__ The Berggruen Institute (formerly Berggruen Institute on Governance) is an independent, non-partisan think tank which develops ideas to shape political and social institutions.", "Berggruen Institute __knowledge__ The Berggruen Institute was founded in 2010 by Nicolas Berggruen.", "Berggruen Institute __knowledge__ Formerly known as the Berggruen Institute on Governance, the Institute launched various projects devoted to proposing and implementing new ideas of governance.", "Berggruen Institute __knowledge__ Today the Institute is composed of the Berggruen Governance Center and the Berggruen Philosophy and Culture Center.", "Berggruen Institute __knowledge__ The Berggruen Governance Center is dedicated to the design and implementation of new ideas of good governance relevant to the common challenges of globalization in the 21st century.", "Robert Hertzberg __knowledge__ Robert Myles \"Bob\" Hertzberg (born November 19, 1954) is an American politician currently serving in the California State Senate.", "Robert Hertzberg __knowledge__ He is a Democrat representing the 18th Senate District, encompassing parts of the San Fernando Valley.", "Robert Hertzberg __knowledge__ Prior to being elected to the State Senate in 2014, he served as the 64th Speaker of the Assembly, representing the 40th Assembly District.", "Robert Hertzberg __knowledge__ He is just one of six former Speakers in California history to also serve in the State Senate.", "Robert Hertzberg __knowledge__ He is a member of the California Legislative Jewish Caucus.", "Robert Hertzberg __knowledge__ Hertzberg was born in Los Angeles, California to Harrison W. Hertzberg and Antoinette \"Bunny\" Taussig Hertzberg.", "History of the English penny (c. 600 – 1066) __knowledge__ The history of the English penny can be traced back to the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of the 7th century: to the small, thick silver coins known to contemporaries as \"pæningas\" or \"denarii\", though now often referred to as \"sceattas\" by numismatists.", "History of the English penny (c. 600 – 1066) __knowledge__ Broader, thinner pennies inscribed with the name of the king were introduced to southern England in the middle of the 8th century.", "History of the English penny (c. 600 – 1066) __knowledge__ Coins of this format remained the foundation of the English currency until the 14th century.", "History of the English penny (c. 600 – 1066) __knowledge__ The history of Anglo-Saxon coinage spans more than five centuries, from the end of Roman rule in Britain in the 5th century, down to the death of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Crosier __knowledge__ A crosier (also known as a crozier, paterissa, pastoral staff, or bishop's staff) is a stylized staff carried by high-ranking Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran, United Methodist and Pentecostal prelates.", "Crosier __knowledge__ Other typical insignia of many of these prelates are the mitre, the pectoral cross, and the episcopal ring.", "Crosier __knowledge__ A crosier staff is a part of the tradition of Jewish Christianity.", "Crosier __knowledge__ The staff is first mentioned in the Book of Exodus (chapter 4, verse 2), when God appears to Moses in the burning bush.", "Crosier __knowledge__ God asks what Moses has in his hand, and Moses answers \"a staff\" (\"a rod\" in the KJV version).", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ U.S.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Senator John McCain (R-AZ), a member of the U.S. Congress since 1983, a two-time U.S. presidential candidate, and the nominee of the Republican Party in the 2008 U.S. Presidential election, has taken positions on many political issues through his public comments, his presidential campaign statements, and his senatorial voting record.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Online, McCain uses his Senate web site and his 2008 campaign web site to describe his political positions.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Regarding the general notion of consistency of political positions over time, McCain said in June 2008: \"My principles and my practice and my voting record are very clear.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Tattooing has been practiced across the globe since at least Neolithic times, as evidenced by mummified preserved skin, ancient art, and the archaeological record.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Both ancient art and archaeological finds of possible tattoo tools suggest tattooing was practiced by the Upper Paleolithic period in Europe.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ However, direct evidence for tattooing on mummified human skin extends only to the 4th millennium BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ The oldest discovery of tattooed human skin to date is found on the body of Ötzi the Iceman, dating to between 3370 and 3100 BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Other tattooed mummies have been recovered from at least 49 archaeological sites including locations in Greenland, Alaska, Siberia, Mongolia, western China, Egypt, Sudan, the Philippines, and the Andes.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Tattoo removal has been performed with various tools since the start of tattooing.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ While tattoos were once considered permanent, it is now possible to remove them with treatments, fully or partially.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Before the development of laser tattoo removal methods, common techniques included dermabrasion, TCA (Trichloroacetic acid, an acid that removes the top layers of skin, reaching as deep as the layer in which the tattoo ink resides), salabrasion (scrubbing the skin with salt), cryosurgery and excision which is sometimes still used along with skin grafts for larger tattoos.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Some early forms of tattoo removal included the injection or application of wine, lime, garlic or pigeon excrement.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi is a traditional style of Japanese tattooing, as well as certain modern forms derived from it.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi is done by hand, using wooden handles and metal needles attached via silk thread.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ This method also requires special ink called nara ink.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ It is a painful and time consuming process, done by a limited number of specialists.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ The tattoo artist is called a Horishi, and usually has one or more apprentices working for him for a long period of time.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ They often become a part of the horishis tattoo family.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi was initially associated with firemen, who wore them as a form of spiritual protection.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some religions have perspectives on tattooing.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some Christians take issue with tattooing, upholding the Hebrew prohibition (see below).", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ The Hebrew prohibition is based on interpreting Leviticus 19:28—\"Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you\"—so as to prohibit tattoos, and perhaps even makeup.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Interpretations of the passage vary, however.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some believe that it refers specifically to, and exclusively prohibits, an ancient form of self-mutilation during mourning (as discussed in the Judaism section).", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Under this interpretation, tattooing is permitted to Jews and Christians.", "Maya society __knowledge__ Maya society concerns the social organization of the Pre-Hispanic Mayas, its political structures and social classes.", "Maya society __knowledge__ A Classic period Maya polity was a small kingdom (\"ajawil\", \"ajawlel\", \"ajawlil\") headed by a hereditary ruler – \"ajaw\", later \"k’uhul ajaw\".", "Maya society __knowledge__ Both terms appear in early Colonial texts including \"Papeles de Paxbolón\" where they are used as synonyms for Aztec and Spanish terms for rulers and their domains.", "Maya society __knowledge__ These are \"tlatoani\" and \"tlahtocayotl\" in Nahuatl, and the Spanish words \"rey\", \"majestad\", and \"reino\" and \"señor\" for ruler/leader/lord and \"señorío\" or \"dominio\" of realm.", "Maya society __knowledge__ Such kingdoms were usually no more than a capital city with its neighborhood and several dependent towns (similar to a city-state).", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ The following is list of characters the appear in the cartoon series, \"Generator Rex\".", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Ricardo \"Rex\" Salazar is a young human-looking E.V.O, but unlike other E.V.O.s, Rex has the ability to control his nanites at will, allowing him to cure other E.V.O.s of their mutations and use his nanites to create a variety of machines on his body and communicate with a variety of machines.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Rex is overconfident, impulsive, and typically, rebellious.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He has a quick wit and is constantly making jokes.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ However, when Rex needs to defend himself, he doesn't hold back.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He prefers to smash anything that gets in his way." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tattoo __knowledge__ A tattoo is a form of body modification where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos fall into three broad categories: purely decorative (with no specific meaning); symbolic (with a specific meaning pertinent to the wearer); pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item).", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos have historically been regarded in the West as 'uncivilised', and over the last 100 years the fashion has been associated mainly with sailors, working men and criminals.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ By the end of the 20th Century many Western stigmas of the tattoo culture had been dismissed and the practice has become more acceptable and accessible for people of all trades and levels of society.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The word \"tattoo\", or \"tattow\" in the 18th century, is a loanword from the Polynesian word \"tatau\", meaning \"to write\".", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The \"Oxford English Dictionary\" gives the etymology of tattoo as \"In 18th c. tattaow, tattow.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ From Polynesian (Samoan, Tahitian, Tongan, etc.)", "Tattoo __knowledge__ tatau.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ In Marquesan, tatu.\"", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Before the importation of the Polynesian word, the practice of tattooing had been described in the West as painting, scarring, or staining.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ This is not to be confused with the origins of the word for the military drumbeat or performance — see \"military tattoo\".", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Tattooing has been practiced across the globe since at least Neolithic times, as evidenced by mummified preserved skin, ancient art, and the archaeological record.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Both ancient art and archaeological finds of possible tattoo tools suggest tattooing was practiced by the Upper Paleolithic period in Europe.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ However, direct evidence for tattooing on mummified human skin extends only to the 4th millennium BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ The oldest discovery of tattooed human skin to date is found on the body of Ötzi the Iceman, dating to between 3370 and 3100 BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Other tattooed mummies have been recovered from at least 49 archaeological sites including locations in Greenland, Alaska, Siberia, Mongolia, western China, Egypt, Sudan, the Philippines, and the Andes.", "Tattooed Lady __knowledge__ Tattooed ladies were working class women who acquired tattoos and performed in circuses, sideshows, and dime show museums as means for earning a substantial living.", "Tattooed Lady __knowledge__ At the height of their popularity during the turn of the 20th century, tattooed ladies transgressed Victorian gender norms by showcasing their bodies in scantily clad clothing and earned a salary considerably larger their male counterparts.Tattooed ladies often used captivity narratives as a means for excusing their appearance, and to tantalize the audience.", "Tattooed Lady __knowledge__ The popularity of tattooed ladies waned with the onset of television.", "Tattooed Lady __knowledge__ Thirty years before tattooed women exploded on the sideshow and dime museum circuit scene, a young, white woman made national headlines with her unusual appearance and frightening story.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some religions have perspectives on tattooing.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some Christians take issue with tattooing, upholding the Hebrew prohibition (see below).", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ The Hebrew prohibition is based on interpreting Leviticus 19:28—\"Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you\"—so as to prohibit tattoos, and perhaps even makeup.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Interpretations of the passage vary, however.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some believe that it refers specifically to, and exclusively prohibits, an ancient form of self-mutilation during mourning (as discussed in the Judaism section).", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Under this interpretation, tattooing is permitted to Jews and Christians.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Criminal tattoos are a type of tattoos associated with criminals to show gang membership and record the wearer's personal history—such as their skills, specialties, accomplishments, incarceration, world view and/or means of personal expression.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos are strongly empirically associated with deviance, personality disorders, and criminality.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Certain tattoo designs have developed recognized coded meanings.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ The code systems can be quite complex and because of the nature of what they encode, the designs of criminal tattoos are not widely recognized as such to outsiders.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Since tattooing in prison is illegal in the United States, the inmates do not have the proper equipment necessary for the practice.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ Sailor tattoos refer to a type of tattoo traditionally favored by sailors and the traditions that accompany these tattoos.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ \"Old school\" tattoos were common among sailors, depicting images like swallows on either side of the chest, girls in sailor hats, and pairs of dice.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ Sailor Jerry's work typified this style of tattooing during the early-mid twentieth century.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ After falling out of style for several decades, these stylized tattoos are regaining popularity again among young people, both sailors and non-sailors.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ They are particularly favored among tattoo artists themselves.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ This returning trend is also seen in the increasing popularity of traditional Sailor Jerry designs, nautical tattoos and even clothing printed with stylized sailor tattoo images.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi is a traditional style of Japanese tattooing, as well as certain modern forms derived from it.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi is done by hand, using wooden handles and metal needles attached via silk thread.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ This method also requires special ink called nara ink.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ It is a painful and time consuming process, done by a limited number of specialists.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ The tattoo artist is called a Horishi, and usually has one or more apprentices working for him for a long period of time.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ They often become a part of the horishis tattoo family.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi was initially associated with firemen, who wore them as a form of spiritual protection.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Tattoo removal has been performed with various tools since the start of tattooing.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ While tattoos were once considered permanent, it is now possible to remove them with treatments, fully or partially.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Before the development of laser tattoo removal methods, common techniques included dermabrasion, TCA (Trichloroacetic acid, an acid that removes the top layers of skin, reaching as deep as the layer in which the tattoo ink resides), salabrasion (scrubbing the skin with salt), cryosurgery and excision which is sometimes still used along with skin grafts for larger tattoos.", "Tattoo removal __knowledge__ Some early forms of tattoo removal included the injection or application of wine, lime, garlic or pigeon excrement.", "Russian criminal tattoos __knowledge__ During the 20th century in the Soviet Union there was a strong culture of tattoos being used to indicate one's criminal career and rank within Russian criminal and prison communities.", "Russian criminal tattoos __knowledge__ Specifically for those imprisoned under the Gulag system of the Soviet era, the tattoos served to differentiate between who was an authority or thief in law, and who was a political prisoner.", "Russian criminal tattoos __knowledge__ The practice grew in the 1930s, peaking in the 1950s and declining in popularity in the 1970s and 1980s.", "Russian criminal tattoos __knowledge__ The branding of criminals was practised in Russia long before tattooing was customary, and was banned in 1863.", "Russian criminal tattoos __knowledge__ In the 19th century, a \"pricked\" cross on the left hand was often used to identify deserters from the army, and up until 1846, criminals sentenced to hard labour were branded \"VOR\" (\"thief\"), the letters on the forehead and cheeks.", "Heraldry __knowledge__ Heraldry () is a broad term, encompassing the design, display, and study of armorial bearings (known as \"armory\"), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank, and pedigree.", "Heraldry __knowledge__ Armory is the most familiar branch of heraldry, concerning the design and transmission of the heraldic achievement, more commonly known as the coat of arms.", "Heraldry __knowledge__ The coat of arms usually includes a shield, helmet, and crest, together with any accompanying devices, such as supporters, badges, heraldic banners, and mottoes.", "Heraldry __knowledge__ Although the use of various devices to signify individuals and groups goes back to antiquity, both the form and use of such devices varied widely, and the concept of regular, hereditary designs, constituting the distinguishing feature of heraldry, did not develop until the High Middle Ages.", "Symbolic link __knowledge__ In computing, a symbolic link (also symlink or soft link) is the nickname for any file that contains a reference to another file or directory in the form of an absolute or relative path and that affects pathname resolution.", "Symbolic link __knowledge__ Symbolic links were already present by 1978 in minicomputer operating systems from DEC and Data General's RDOS.", "Symbolic link __knowledge__ Today they are supported by the POSIX operating system standard, most Unix-like operating systems such as FreeBSD, Linux, and Mac OS X.", "Symbolic link __knowledge__ Limited support also exists in Windows operating systems such as Windows Vista, Windows 7 and to some degree in Windows 2000 and Windows XP in the form of shortcut files." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tattoo __knowledge__ A tattoo is a form of body modification where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos fall into three broad categories: purely decorative (with no specific meaning); symbolic (with a specific meaning pertinent to the wearer); pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item).", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos have historically been regarded in the West as 'uncivilised', and over the last 100 years the fashion has been associated mainly with sailors, working men and criminals.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ By the end of the 20th Century many Western stigmas of the tattoo culture had been dismissed and the practice has become more acceptable and accessible for people of all trades and levels of society.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The word \"tattoo\", or \"tattow\" in the 18th century, is a loanword from the Polynesian word \"tatau\", meaning \"to write\".", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The \"Oxford English Dictionary\" gives the etymology of tattoo as \"In 18th c. tattaow, tattow.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ From Polynesian (Samoan, Tahitian, Tongan, etc.)", "Tattoo __knowledge__ tatau.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ In Marquesan, tatu.\"", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Before the importation of the Polynesian word, the practice of tattooing had been described in the West as painting, scarring, or staining.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ This is not to be confused with the origins of the word for the military drumbeat or performance — see \"military tattoo\".", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Tattooing has been practiced across the globe since at least Neolithic times, as evidenced by mummified preserved skin, ancient art, and the archaeological record.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Both ancient art and archaeological finds of possible tattoo tools suggest tattooing was practiced by the Upper Paleolithic period in Europe.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ However, direct evidence for tattooing on mummified human skin extends only to the 4th millennium BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ The oldest discovery of tattooed human skin to date is found on the body of Ötzi the Iceman, dating to between 3370 and 3100 BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Other tattooed mummies have been recovered from at least 49 archaeological sites including locations in Greenland, Alaska, Siberia, Mongolia, western China, Egypt, Sudan, the Philippines, and the Andes.", "Cher __knowledge__ Cher (; born Cherilyn Sarkisian; May 20, 1946) is an American singer and actress.", "Cher __knowledge__ Sometimes called the Goddess of Pop, she has been described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry.", "Cher __knowledge__ She is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in numerous areas of entertainment, as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her six-decade-long career.", "Cher __knowledge__ Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song \"I Got You Babe\" reached number one on the American and British charts.", "Cher __knowledge__ By the end of 1967, they had sold 40 million records worldwide and had become, according to \"Time\" magazine, rock's \"it\" couple.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Tattoos (album) __knowledge__ Tattoos is the third studio album by American singer Jason Derulo.", "Tattoos (album) __knowledge__ The album was released on September 20, 2013 through Beluga Heights Records and Atlantic Records and its affiliated record labels.", "Tattoos (album) __knowledge__ Incorporating a base core of R&B, pop and electronic dance music, Derulo wanted the album to be \"totally different\" from his previous albums and show the growth in his writing and his overall performance saying \"there are so many twists and turns on the album...", "Tattoos (album) __knowledge__ It's important when someone thinks they've figured you out to flip them\".", "Tattoos (album) __knowledge__ A deluxe edition of the album featuring 3 bonus tracks, was released simultaneously alongside the eleven-track standard edition, which will only be made available in some European and Oceania countries.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some religions have perspectives on tattooing.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some Christians take issue with tattooing, upholding the Hebrew prohibition (see below).", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ The Hebrew prohibition is based on interpreting Leviticus 19:28—\"Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you\"—so as to prohibit tattoos, and perhaps even makeup.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Interpretations of the passage vary, however.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some believe that it refers specifically to, and exclusively prohibits, an ancient form of self-mutilation during mourning (as discussed in the Judaism section).", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Under this interpretation, tattooing is permitted to Jews and Christians.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi is a traditional style of Japanese tattooing, as well as certain modern forms derived from it.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi is done by hand, using wooden handles and metal needles attached via silk thread.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ This method also requires special ink called nara ink.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ It is a painful and time consuming process, done by a limited number of specialists.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ The tattoo artist is called a Horishi, and usually has one or more apprentices working for him for a long period of time.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ They often become a part of the horishis tattoo family.", "Irezumi __knowledge__ Irezumi was initially associated with firemen, who wore them as a form of spiritual protection.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Criminal tattoos are a type of tattoos associated with criminals to show gang membership and record the wearer's personal history—such as their skills, specialties, accomplishments, incarceration, world view and/or means of personal expression.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos are strongly empirically associated with deviance, personality disorders, and criminality.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Certain tattoo designs have developed recognized coded meanings.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ The code systems can be quite complex and because of the nature of what they encode, the designs of criminal tattoos are not widely recognized as such to outsiders.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Since tattooing in prison is illegal in the United States, the inmates do not have the proper equipment necessary for the practice.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ Sailor tattoos refer to a type of tattoo traditionally favored by sailors and the traditions that accompany these tattoos.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ \"Old school\" tattoos were common among sailors, depicting images like swallows on either side of the chest, girls in sailor hats, and pairs of dice.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ Sailor Jerry's work typified this style of tattooing during the early-mid twentieth century.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ After falling out of style for several decades, these stylized tattoos are regaining popularity again among young people, both sailors and non-sailors.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ They are particularly favored among tattoo artists themselves.", "Sailor tattoos __knowledge__ This returning trend is also seen in the increasing popularity of traditional Sailor Jerry designs, nautical tattoos and even clothing printed with stylized sailor tattoo images.", "Jerusalem Institute of Justice __knowledge__ The Jerusalem Institute of Justice (JIJ) () is a nonprofit human rights organization operating in Israel.", "Jerusalem Institute of Justice __knowledge__ JIJ advances human rights and civil justice, advocates in the Courts of Israel, the Israeli Knesset, international governments, academia and mainstream media forums in Israel and across the globe.", "Jerusalem Institute of Justice __knowledge__ The institute assists weakened populations, such as Holocaust survivors, women, men and children that are trapped in the sex industry, IDF soldiers with no homes or families, and religious and ethnic minority groups.", "Jerusalem Institute of Justice __knowledge__ The Institute was founded in 2004 by Adv.", "Jerusalem Institute of Justice __knowledge__ Calev Michael Myers - partner at Yehuda Raveh &Co. Law Offices, a leading Israeli law firm." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tattoo __knowledge__ A tattoo is a form of body modification where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos fall into three broad categories: purely decorative (with no specific meaning); symbolic (with a specific meaning pertinent to the wearer); pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item).", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos have historically been regarded in the West as 'uncivilised', and over the last 100 years the fashion has been associated mainly with sailors, working men and criminals.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ By the end of the 20th Century many Western stigmas of the tattoo culture had been dismissed and the practice has become more acceptable and accessible for people of all trades and levels of society.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The word \"tattoo\", or \"tattow\" in the 18th century, is a loanword from the Polynesian word \"tatau\", meaning \"to write\".", "Tattoo __knowledge__ The \"Oxford English Dictionary\" gives the etymology of tattoo as \"In 18th c. tattaow, tattow.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ From Polynesian (Samoan, Tahitian, Tongan, etc.)", "Tattoo __knowledge__ tatau.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ In Marquesan, tatu.\"", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Before the importation of the Polynesian word, the practice of tattooing had been described in the West as painting, scarring, or staining.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ This is not to be confused with the origins of the word for the military drumbeat or performance — see \"military tattoo\".", "Stephenie Burt __knowledge__ Stephanie Burt is a literary critic, poet, and professor at Harvard University.", "Stephenie Burt __knowledge__ \"The New York Times\" has called her \"one of the most influential poetry critics of [her] generation.\"", "Stephenie Burt __knowledge__ Burt received significant attention for coining the term \"elliptical poetry\" in a 1998 book review of Susan Wheeler's book \"Smokes\" in \"Boston Review\" magazine: Elliptical poets try to manifest a person—who speaks the poem and reflects the poet—while using all the verbal gizmos developed over the last few decades to undermine the coherence of speaking selves.", "Stephenie Burt __knowledge__ They are post-avant-gardist, or post-\"postmodern\": they have read (most of them) Stein's heirs, and the \"language writers,\" and have chosen to do otherwise.", "Counterculture of the 1960s __knowledge__ The counterculture of the 1960s refers to an anti-establishment cultural phenomenon that developed first in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US) and then spread throughout much of the Western world between the early 1960s and the mid-1970s, with London, New York City, and San Francisco being hotbeds of early countercultural activity.", "Counterculture of the 1960s __knowledge__ The aggregate movement gained momentum as the Civil Rights Movement continued to grow, and would later become revolutionary with the expansion of the U.S. government's extensive military intervention in Vietnam.", "Counterculture of the 1960s __knowledge__ As the 1960s progressed, widespread social tensions also developed concerning other issues, and tended to flow along generational lines regarding human sexuality, women's rights, traditional modes of authority, experimentation with psychoactive drugs, and differing interpretations of the American Dream.", "Strange Charm __knowledge__ Strange Charm is the eight solo studio album by English musician Gary Numan, originally released in November 1986, it was Numan's third release on his self-owned Numa Records label.", "Strange Charm __knowledge__ The album was not released in the United States until 1999 when it was issued in a digitally remastered form with five bonus tracks by Cleopatra Records.", "Strange Charm __knowledge__ In the same year it was also reissued with bonus tracks in the United Kingdom by Eagle Records.", "Strange Charm __knowledge__ \"Strange Charm\" was the last studio album released on his self-owned Numa Records label before he signed a recording contract with I.R.S.", "Strange Charm __knowledge__ Records (he would later release two more albums on Numa in the 1990s).", "English trust law __knowledge__ English trust law concerns the creation and protection of asset funds, which are usually held by one party for another's benefit.", "English trust law __knowledge__ Trusts were a creation of the English law of property and obligations, but also share a history with countries across the Commonwealth and the United States.", "English trust law __knowledge__ Trusts developed when claimants in property disputes were dissatisfied with the common law courts and petitioned the King for a just and equitable result.", "English trust law __knowledge__ On the King's behalf, the Lord Chancellor developed a parallel justice system in the Court of Chancery.", "English trust law __knowledge__ Historically, trusts were mostly used where people left money in a will, created family settlements, created charities, or some types of business venture.", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ Streets of Fire is a 1984 film directed by Walter Hill and co-written by Hill and Larry Gross.", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ It is described in its opening credits and posters as \"A Rock & Roll Fable\".", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ The film is a mix of musical, action, neo-noir, drama, and comedy, with elements of retro-1950s and 1980s.", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ It stars Michael Paré as a soldier of fortune who returns home to rescue his ex-girlfriend (Diane Lane) who has been kidnapped by the leader of a biker gang (Willem Dafoe).", "Streets of Fire __knowledge__ Some of the film was shot on the backlot of Universal Studios in California, on two large sets covered in a tarp 1,240 feet long by 220 feet wide, so that night scenes could be filmed during the day.", "Value-form __knowledge__ The value-form or form of value () is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, Marxism and post-Marxism.", "Value-form __knowledge__ It refers to the \"social form\" of a commodity (any product traded in markets) as a symbol of value, which contrasts with its physical features, as a product which can satisfy some human need.", "Value-form __knowledge__ The physical appearance of a commodity is directly observable, but the meaning of its social form is not.", "Value-form __knowledge__ Narrating the paradoxical oddities and metaphysical niceties of ordinary things when they become instruments of trade, Marx seeks to provide a brief morphology of the category of economic value as such - what its substance really is, the forms which this substance takes, and how its magnitude is determined or expressed.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Tattooing has been practiced across the globe since at least Neolithic times, as evidenced by mummified preserved skin, ancient art, and the archaeological record.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Both ancient art and archaeological finds of possible tattoo tools suggest tattooing was practiced by the Upper Paleolithic period in Europe.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ However, direct evidence for tattooing on mummified human skin extends only to the 4th millennium BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ The oldest discovery of tattooed human skin to date is found on the body of Ötzi the Iceman, dating to between 3370 and 3100 BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Other tattooed mummies have been recovered from at least 49 archaeological sites including locations in Greenland, Alaska, Siberia, Mongolia, western China, Egypt, Sudan, the Philippines, and the Andes.", "Pe'a __knowledge__ The Pe'a is the popular name of the traditional male tatau (tattoo) of Samoa, also known as the \"malofie\", a term used in the Samoan language chiefly vocabulary and 'respect' register (\"gagana fa'aaloalo\").", "Pe'a __knowledge__ The soigaimiti/pe'a covers the body from waist to the knees.", "Pe'a __knowledge__ The word \"tattoo\" in the English language is believed to have originated from the Polynesian word \"tatau.\"", "Pe'a __knowledge__ The \"tatau\" process for the pe'a is extremely painful, and undertaken by \"tufuga ta tatau\" (master tattooists), using a set of handmade tools: pieces of bone, turtle shell and wood.", "Pe'a __knowledge__ The \"tufuga ta tatau\" are revered masters in Samoan society.", "Anderson v. City of Hermosa Beach __knowledge__ Anderson v. City of Hermosa Beach, 621 F. 3d 1051 (2010), was a decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which ruled that tattoos, the process of tattooing, and the business of tattooing are pure expressive activities that are fully protected by the First Amendment's free speech clause.", "Anderson v. City of Hermosa Beach __knowledge__ The court determined that the process of tattooing constitutes pure expressive activity rather than conduct that is sufficiently imbued with elements of communication.", "Anderson v. City of Hermosa Beach __knowledge__ As pure expressive activity, the process of tattooing can only be regulated by a proper time, place, and manner restriction.", "Anderson v. City of Hermosa Beach __knowledge__ The court found in Anderson v. The City of Hermosa Beach that the Hermosa Beach Municipal Code banning tattoo parlors within the city was not a reasonable time, place, and manner restriction because the regulation was not narrowly tailored to meet the government’s interest and the regulation did not leave open ample alternative avenues for the same messages to be conveyed.", "Tattooing in South Korea __knowledge__ Tattooing in South Korea has a long and controversial history.", "Tattooing in South Korea __knowledge__ In South Korea, it is generally considered that people with tattoos are anti-social individuals who violate social norms, criminals, gangsters, or juvenile delinquents.", "Tattooing in South Korea __knowledge__ While tattooing is technically illegal in South Korea, such illegalities have never stopped a number of tattoo artists from having small tattoo design shops and parlours.", "Tattooing in South Korea __knowledge__ Individuals in South Korea who choose to get tattoos, despite the illegality and social stigma, generally do so to reject the social standards of body style and conformity and as an attempt to live their lives independently.", "Tattoo medical issues __knowledge__ A variety of medical issues can result from tattooing.", "Tattoo medical issues __knowledge__ Because it requires breaking the skin barrier, tattooing may carry health risks, including infection and allergic reactions.", "Tattoo medical issues __knowledge__ Modern tattooists reduce such risks by following universal precautions, working with single-use items, and sterilising their equipment after each use.", "Tattoo medical issues __knowledge__ Many jurisdictions require that tattooists have bloodborne pathogen training, such as is provided through the Red Cross and the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.", "Tattoo medical issues __knowledge__ Dermatologists have observed rare but severe medical complications from tattoo pigments in the body, and have noted that people acquiring tattoos rarely assess health risks \"prior\" to receiving their tattoos.", "Sua Sulu'ape Paulo II __knowledge__ Su'a Sulu'ape Paulo II ( – 25 November 1999) was a \"tufuga ta tatau\" (master tattooist) born in Matafa'a near Lefaga,Samoa but based in New Zealand since the 1970s.", "Sua Sulu'ape Paulo II __knowledge__ He was born and into one of the leading families of tattooists \"tufuga ta tatau\" in Samoa.", "Sua Sulu'ape Paulo II __knowledge__ The tattooists in these families, are loosely organized in a guild like system of master and apprentices.", "Sua Sulu'ape Paulo II __knowledge__ In the late 20th and early 21st centuries \"tufuga ta tatau\" were known internationally for their culturally distinctive and highly skilled work.", "Sua Sulu'ape Paulo II __knowledge__ The word tattoo is believed to have originated from the word \"tatau\".", "Sua Sulu'ape Paulo II __knowledge__ In Samoan mythology the origin of the tatau is told in a legend about two sisters, Tilafaiga and Taema who brought the tools and knowledge of tattooing to Samoa." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 10, 5 ]

[ "Tattoos are a form of permanent pod modification using ink, as long as you're okay with it being there for a long time!", "Tattoos typically fall into one of three categories, decorative, symbolic, or pictoral. I'm assuming that cross whould be symbolic for you?", "Historically tattoos have been seen by some as being uncivilised, but I disagree. I think they are very cool as long as they have meaning.", "The word tattoo is a polynesian word,, and I think tatoos have so much history, it so cool. People have been tattooing themselves for centuries.", "Well the concept itself isn't new, the word is only traced back to the 18th century." ]

[ "Tattoo", "Tattoo", "Tattoo", "Tattoo", "Tattoo" ]

[ "Small business", "That's awesome! I'd love to start doing yoga.", "When did Hatha Yoga begin and from where did it originate?", "Interesting. I should have known that it originated in India. How many different forms have originated?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Small business __knowledge__ Small businesses are privately owned corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships that have fewer employees and/or less annual revenue than a regular-sized business or corporation.", "Small business __knowledge__ Businesses are defined as \"small\" in terms of being able to apply for government support and qualify for preferential tax policy varies depending on the country and industry.", "Small business __knowledge__ Small businesses range from fifteen employees under the Australian \"Fair Work Act 2009\", fifty employees according to the definition used by the European Union, and fewer than five thousand employees, to qualify for many U.S. Small Business Administration programs.", "Small business __knowledge__ While small businesses can also be classified according to other methods, such as annual revenues, shipments, sales, assets, or by annual gross or net revenue or net profits, the number of employees is one of the most widely used measures.", "Small business __knowledge__ Small businesses in many countries include service or retail operations such as convenience stores, small grocery stores, bakeries or delicatessens, hairdressers or tradespeople (e.g., carpenters, electricians), restaurants, guest houses, photographers, very small-scale manufacturing, and Internet-related businesses such as web design and computer programming." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Small business __knowledge__ Small businesses are privately owned corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships that have fewer employees and/or less annual revenue than a regular-sized business or corporation.", "Small business __knowledge__ Businesses are defined as \"small\" in terms of being able to apply for government support and qualify for preferential tax policy varies depending on the country and industry.", "Small business __knowledge__ Small businesses range from fifteen employees under the Australian \"Fair Work Act 2009\", fifty employees according to the definition used by the European Union, and fewer than five thousand employees, to qualify for many U.S. Small Business Administration programs.", "Small business __knowledge__ While small businesses can also be classified according to other methods, such as annual revenues, shipments, sales, assets, or by annual gross or net revenue or net profits, the number of employees is one of the most widely used measures.", "Small business __knowledge__ Small businesses in many countries include service or retail operations such as convenience stores, small grocery stores, bakeries or delicatessens, hairdressers or tradespeople (e.g., carpenters, electricians), restaurants, guest houses, photographers, very small-scale manufacturing, and Internet-related businesses such as web design and computer programming.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali are 196 Indian sutras (aphorisms).", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras\" were compiled prior to 400 CE by Sage Patanjali, taking materials about yoga from older traditions.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali\" was the most translated ancient Indian text in the medieval era, having been translated into about forty Indian languages and two non-Indian languages: Old Javanese and Arabic.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The text fell into obscurity for nearly 700 years from the 12th to 19th century, and made a comeback in late 19th century due to the efforts of Swami Vivekananda, the Theosophical Society and others.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ It gained prominence again as a comeback classic in the 20th century.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The Yoga Yajnavalkya (, \"Yoga-Yājñavalkya\") is a classical Hindu yoga text in the Sanskrit language.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text is written in the form of a male-female dialogue between the sage Yajnavalkya and Gargi.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text consists of 12 chapters and contains 504 verses.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ Like Patanjali's \"Yogasutras\", the \"Yoga Yajnavalkya\" describes the eight components of yoga; however, it has different goals.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text contains additional material that is not found in \"Yogasutras\", such as the concept of \"kundalini\".", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Yajnavalkya\" contains one of the most comprehensive discussion of yoga components such as the \"Pranayama\", \"Pratyahara\" \"Dhyana\", and \"Dharana\".", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "Small and medium-sized enterprises __knowledge__ Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs, also small and medium enterprises) or small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are businesses whose personnel numbers fall below certain limits.", "Small and medium-sized enterprises __knowledge__ The abbreviation \"SME\" is used in the European Union and by international organizations such as the World Bank, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization (WTO).", "Small and medium-sized enterprises __knowledge__ Small enterprises outnumber large companies by a wide margin and also employ many more people.", "Small and medium-sized enterprises __knowledge__ SMEs are also said to be responsible for driving innovation and competition in many economic sectors.", "Small and medium-sized enterprises __knowledge__ Petrakis and Kostis (2012) explore the role of interpersonal trust and knowledge in the number of small and medium enterprises.", "Copyright claims on Bikram Yoga __knowledge__ Copyright claims on Bikram Yoga are the claims made by Bikram Choudhury (\"Bikram\") that his yoga practice, Bikram Yoga, was under copyright and that it could not be taught or presented by anyone whom he had not authorized.", "Copyright claims on Bikram Yoga __knowledge__ Bikram began making copyright claims on Bikram Yoga in 2002.", "Copyright claims on Bikram Yoga __knowledge__ In 2011 Choudhury started a lawsuit against Yoga to the People, a competing yoga studio founded by a former student of Bikram's and with a location near one of the Bikram Yoga studios in New York.", "Copyright claims on Bikram Yoga __knowledge__ As a result of that lawsuit, the United States Copyright Office issued a clarification that yoga postures (\"asanas\") could not be copyrighted in the way claimed by Bikram, and that Yoga to the People and others could continue to freely teach these exercises.", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines __knowledge__ Water supply is the process of providing water in a systematic way through installed pumps and pipe lines.", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines __knowledge__ Before water is provided to a specific area, it undegoes a process called sanitation to ensure that the quality of water received is safe for human consumption.", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines __knowledge__ The Philippines’ water supply system dates back to 1946 after the country achieved its independence.", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines __knowledge__ Government agencies, local institutions, non-government organizations, and other corporations are primarily in charge in the operation and administration of water supply and sanitation in the country.", "Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines __knowledge__ The Philippines’ main sources of water are rivers, lakes, river basins, and groundwater reservoirs.", "Tara Stiles __knowledge__ Tara Leann Stiles is an American model turned yoga instructor and founder of Strala Yoga in New York City.", "Tara Stiles __knowledge__ Stiles grew Strala from one studio based in the SoHo neighborhood of New York City, New York to a global studio and training business with currently over 1,000 instructors (called Guides) leading classes in 15 countries regularly to thousands of people weekly.", "Tara Stiles __knowledge__ Strala's online classes are practiced daily all around the world by hundreds of thousands of people.", "Tara Stiles __knowledge__ Strala is the most popular class offered at CMG chain in Paris.", "Tara Stiles __knowledge__ Strala's first partner studio is Strala Seattle.", "Tara Stiles __knowledge__ Strala Singapore, Strala Barcelona and Strala Tokyo opened in 2015.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Sick leave (or paid sick days or sick pay) is time off from work that workers can use to stay home to address their health and safety needs without losing pay.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Paid sick leave is a statutory requirement in many nations.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Most European, many Latin American, a few African and a few Asian countries have legal requirements for paid sick leave.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ The Book of Leviticus prescribed (7) days of medical isolation for a skin condition in chapter 13.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Already in 1500 BCE, at least some of the workers who built the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs received paid sick leave as well as state-supported health care.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ In nations without laws mandating paid sick leave, some employers choose to offer it.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ The company's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, the Apple TV digital media player, and the HomePod smart speaker.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple's software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites, as well as professional applications like Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, or Xcode." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Small business __knowledge__ Small businesses are privately owned corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships that have fewer employees and/or less annual revenue than a regular-sized business or corporation.", "Small business __knowledge__ Businesses are defined as \"small\" in terms of being able to apply for government support and qualify for preferential tax policy varies depending on the country and industry.", "Small business __knowledge__ Small businesses range from fifteen employees under the Australian \"Fair Work Act 2009\", fifty employees according to the definition used by the European Union, and fewer than five thousand employees, to qualify for many U.S. Small Business Administration programs.", "Small business __knowledge__ While small businesses can also be classified according to other methods, such as annual revenues, shipments, sales, assets, or by annual gross or net revenue or net profits, the number of employees is one of the most widely used measures.", "Small business __knowledge__ Small businesses in many countries include service or retail operations such as convenience stores, small grocery stores, bakeries or delicatessens, hairdressers or tradespeople (e.g., carpenters, electricians), restaurants, guest houses, photographers, very small-scale manufacturing, and Internet-related businesses such as web design and computer programming.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Hatha Yoga Pradipika __knowledge__ The Hatha Yoga Pradīpikā ( or Light on Hatha Yoga) is a classic fifteenth-century Sanskrit manual on hatha yoga, written by \"Svāmi\" Svātmārāma, who connects the teaching's lineage to Matsyendranath of the Nathas.", "Hatha Yoga Pradipika __knowledge__ It is among the most influential surviving texts on hatha yoga.", "Hatha Yoga Pradipika __knowledge__ The \"Hatha Yoga Pradīpikā\" is also one of three classic texts on hatha yoga, alongside the \"Gheranda Samhita\" and the \"Shiva Samhita\".", "Hatha Yoga Pradipika __knowledge__ Because this work originated so long ago, different manuscripts offer various versions of its title.", "Hatha Yoga Pradipika __knowledge__ The database of the A.C. Woolner manuscript project at the Library of the University of Vienna gives the following variant titles, gleaned from different manuscript colophons: \"Haṭhayogapradīpikā\", \"Haṭhapradīpikā\", \"Haṭhapradī\", \"Hath-Pradipika\".", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga as exercise is a modern exercise practice influenced by hatha yoga.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ It involves holding stretches as a kind of low-impact physical exercise, and is often used for therapeutic purposes.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga in this sense often occurs in a class and may involve meditation, imagery, breath work and music.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga has roots in India.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The foundational text for yoga is the \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\".", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga came to the attention of the western public in the mid 19th century along with other topics of Hindu philosophy.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The first Hindu teacher to actively advocate and disseminate aspects of yoga to a western audience was Swami Vivekananda, who toured Europe and the United States in the 1890s.", "Rāja yoga __knowledge__ In Sanskrit texts, Rāja yoga () refers to the goal of yoga (which is usually samadhi) and not a method of attaining it.", "Rāja yoga __knowledge__ The term also became a modern retronym, when in the 19th-century Swami Vivekananda equated raja yoga with the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali.", "Rāja yoga __knowledge__ Since then, Rāja yoga has variously referred to as \"royal yoga\", \"royal union\", \"sahaj marg\", \"classical yoga\", and \"aṣṭāṅga yoga\".", "Rāja yoga __knowledge__ Rāja (Sanskrit: राज) means \"chief, best of its kind\" or \"king\".", "Rāja yoga __knowledge__ Rāja yoga thus refers to \"chief, best of yoga\".", "Rāja yoga __knowledge__ The historical use of the term \"Rāja yoga\" is found in other contexts, quite different than its modern usage.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ Yin yoga is a slow-paced style of yoga with postures, or \"asanas\", that are held for longer periods of time—for beginners, it may range from 45 seconds to two minutes; more advanced practitioners may stay in one \"asana\" for five minutes or more.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ Yin yoga poses apply moderate stress to the connective tissues of the body—the tendons, fascia, and ligaments—with the aim of increasing circulation in the joints and improving flexibility.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ A more meditative approach to yoga, yin aims at cultivating awareness of inner silence, and bringing to light a universal, interconnecting quality.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ Yin yoga's teaching in the Western world, beginning in the late 1970s, was founded by martial arts expert and Taoist yoga teacher Paulie Zink.", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ Raja yogas are \"Shubha\" ('auspicious') \"yogas\" that give success and a grand rise in career or business, and a greater degree of financial prosperity particularly during the \"dasha\" of the planets that give rise to \"Raja yogas\".", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ However, these results get adversely modified by the presence of other \"Ashubha\" ('inauspicious') \"Arista yogas\".", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ Basically, the Yoga or Raja yoga-causing planets during the course of their respective dashas confer their most auspicious results if they happen to own the lagna-bhava (the Ascendant) or the Suta-bhava (the 5th house) or the Bhagyasthana (the 9th house); the person remains healthy, wealthy, happy and successful enjoying yoga and Raja yoga results in case the lagna, the 3rd, the 6th, the 8th, the 9th and the 12th houses counted from the lagna are also not occupied by any planet, and the kendras (quadrants) are occupied only by benefic planets.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "Yogatattva Upanishad __knowledge__ The Yogatattva Upanishad (Sanskrit: योगतत्त्व उपनिषत्, IAST: Yogatattva Upaniṣhad), also called as Yogatattvopanishad (योगतत्त्वोपनिषत्), is one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism.", "Yogatattva Upanishad __knowledge__ A Sanskrit text, it is one of eleven Yoga Upanishads attached to the Atharvaveda, and one of twenty Yoga Upanishads in the four Vedas.", "Yogatattva Upanishad __knowledge__ It is listed at number 41 in the serial order of the Muktika enumerated by Rama to Hanuman in the modern era anthology of 108 Upanishads.", "Yogatattva Upanishad __knowledge__ It is, as an Upanishad, a part of the corpus of Vedanta literature collection that present the philosophical concepts of Hinduism.", "Yogatattva Upanishad __knowledge__ Two major versions of its manuscripts are known." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Small business __knowledge__ Small businesses are privately owned corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships that have fewer employees and/or less annual revenue than a regular-sized business or corporation.", "Small business __knowledge__ Businesses are defined as \"small\" in terms of being able to apply for government support and qualify for preferential tax policy varies depending on the country and industry.", "Small business __knowledge__ Small businesses range from fifteen employees under the Australian \"Fair Work Act 2009\", fifty employees according to the definition used by the European Union, and fewer than five thousand employees, to qualify for many U.S. Small Business Administration programs.", "Small business __knowledge__ While small businesses can also be classified according to other methods, such as annual revenues, shipments, sales, assets, or by annual gross or net revenue or net profits, the number of employees is one of the most widely used measures.", "Small business __knowledge__ Small businesses in many countries include service or retail operations such as convenience stores, small grocery stores, bakeries or delicatessens, hairdressers or tradespeople (e.g., carpenters, electricians), restaurants, guest houses, photographers, very small-scale manufacturing, and Internet-related businesses such as web design and computer programming.", "Vaishnavism __knowledge__ Vaishnavism (\"Vaishnava dharma\") is one of the major traditions within Hinduism along with Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism.", "Vaishnavism __knowledge__ It is also called Vishnuism, its followers are called Vaishnavas, and it considers Vishnu as the Supreme Lord.", "Vaishnavism __knowledge__ The tradition is notable for its avatar doctrine, wherein Vishnu is revered in one of many distinct incarnations.", "Vaishnavism __knowledge__ Of these, ten avatars of Vishnu are the most studied.", "Vaishnavism __knowledge__ Rama, Krishna, Narayana, Vāsudeva, Hari, Vithoba, Kesava, Madhava, Govinda and Jagannath are among the popular names used for the same supreme.", "Vaishnavism __knowledge__ The tradition has traceable roots to the 1st millennium BCE, as \"Bhagavatism\", also called \"Krishnaism\".", "Value-form __knowledge__ The value-form or form of value () is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, Marxism and post-Marxism.", "Value-form __knowledge__ It refers to the \"social form\" of a commodity (any product traded in markets) as a symbol of value, which contrasts with its physical features, as a product which can satisfy some human need.", "Value-form __knowledge__ The physical appearance of a commodity is directly observable, but the meaning of its social form is not.", "Value-form __knowledge__ Narrating the paradoxical oddities and metaphysical niceties of ordinary things when they become instruments of trade, Marx seeks to provide a brief morphology of the category of economic value as such - what its substance really is, the forms which this substance takes, and how its magnitude is determined or expressed.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ Evidence of common descent of living organisms has been discovered by scientists researching in a variety of disciplines over many decades, demonstrating that all life on Earth comes from a single ancestor.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ This forms an important part of the evidence on which evolutionary theory rests, demonstrates that evolution does occur, and illustrates the processes that created Earth's biodiversity.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ It supports the modern evolutionary synthesis—the current scientific theory that explains how and why life changes over time.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ Evolutionary biologists document evidence of common descent, all the way back to the last universal common ancestor, by developing testable predictions, testing hypotheses, and constructing theories that illustrate and describe its causes.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India is home to a diverse population playing many different sports across the country.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Football is a popular sport in some of the Indian states.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won all the Kabaddi World Cups to date.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ The country has won eight Olympic gold medals in field hockey.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ However, cricket is the most popular sport in India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Kabaddi, an indigenous sport is popular in rural India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Several games originated in India including chess, snooker and other regional games.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won medals in badminton, kabaddi, hockey and many other sports and disciplines.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Recently, different forms of martial arts have also gained a lot of prominence in India.", "Lion dance __knowledge__ Lion dance () is a form of traditional dance in Chinese culture and other Asian countries in which performers mimic a lion's movements in a lion costume to bring good luck and fortune.", "Lion dance __knowledge__ The lion dance is usually performed during the Chinese New Year and other Chinese traditional, cultural and religious festivals.", "Lion dance __knowledge__ It may also be performed at important occasions such as business opening events, special celebrations or wedding ceremonies, or may be used to honour special guests by the Chinese communities.", "Lion dance __knowledge__ The Chinese lion dance is sometimes mistakenly referred to as dragon dance by most first timers.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ The most recent understanding of the evolution of insects is based on studies of the following branches of science: molecular biology, insect morphology, paleontology, insect taxonomy, evolution, embryology, bioinformatics and scientific computing.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ It is estimated that the class of insects originated on Earth about 480 million years ago, in the Ordovician, at about the same time terrestrial plants appeared.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ Insects evolved from a group of crustaceans.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ The first insects were land bound, but about 400 million years ago in the Devonian period one lineage of insects evolved flight, the first animals to do so.", "Language __knowledge__ Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.", "Language __knowledge__ The scientific study of language is called linguistics.", "Language __knowledge__ Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated at least since Gorgias and Plato in ancient Greece.", "Language __knowledge__ Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought.", "Dnyaneshwar __knowledge__ Dnyaneshwar (IAST: Jñāneśvar), also known as Dnyandev or Mauli (1275–1296) was a 13th-century Marathi \"saint\", poet, philosopher and yogi of the Nath tradition whose \"Dnyaneshwari\" (a commentary on the \"Bhagavad Gita\") and \"Amrutanubhav\" are considered to be milestones in Marathi literature.", "Dnyaneshwar __knowledge__ Dnyaneshwar was born in 1275 (on the auspicious day of Krishna Janmashtami) in Apegaon village on the bank of Godavari river near Paithan in Maharashtra during the reign of the Yadava king Ramadevarava., The kingdom enjoyed peace and stability until invasions from the Delhi Sultanate started in 1296 CE.", "Dnyaneshwar __knowledge__ Arts and sciences flourished under the patronage of the Yadava kings and Maharashtra attracted scholars from all over India.", "Nath __knowledge__ Nath, also called as Natha, are a Shaivism sub-tradition within Hinduism.", "Nath __knowledge__ A medieval era movement, it combined ideas from Shaivism, Buddhism and Yoga traditions in India.", "Nath __knowledge__ The Naths have been a confederation of devotees who consider Adinatha, or Shiva, as their first lord or guru, with varying lists of additional lords.", "Nath __knowledge__ Of these, the 9th or 10th century Matsyendranath and the ideas and organization developed by Gorakshanath are particularly important.", "Nath __knowledge__ Nath tradition has extensive Shaivism-related theological literature of its own, most of which is traceable to 11th century CE or later.", "Nath __knowledge__ However, its roots are in far more ancient Siddha tradition.", "Shaivism __knowledge__ Shaivism (Śaivam) is one of the major traditions within Hinduism that reveres Shiva as the Supreme Being or its metaphysical concept of Brahman.", "Shaivism __knowledge__ The followers of Shaivism are called \"Shaivites\" or \"Saivites\".", "Shaivism __knowledge__ Like much of Hinduism, the Shaiva have many sub-traditions, ranging from devotional dualistic theism such as Shaiva Siddhanta to yoga-oriented monistic non-theism such as Kashmiri Shaivism.", "Shaivism __knowledge__ It considers both the Vedas and the Agama texts as important sources of theology.", "Shaivism __knowledge__ Shaivism has ancient roots, traceable in the Vedic literature of 2nd millennium BCE, but this is in the form of the Vedic deity Rudra.", "Yogi Nath __knowledge__ Yogi Nath is a Shaivism-related group of monks which emerged around the 13th-century.", "Yogi Nath __knowledge__ They are sometimes called \"Jogi\" or simply \"Yogi\", and are known for a variety of siddha yoga practices.", "Yogi Nath __knowledge__ Their tradition is known as Nath Sampradaya.", "Yogi Nath __knowledge__ The yogis were primarily associated with the Yogic-traditions promoted by the great Nath saints, e.g.", "Yogi Nath __knowledge__ Matsyendranath, Gorakshanath, Chauranginath etc.", "Yogi Nath __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is considered as the prominent part of those traditions promoted by these great Nath masters.", "Yogi Nath __knowledge__ The Nath Sampradaya is considered as a development of the earlier Siddha or Avadhuta Sampradaya, an ancient lineage of spiritual masters.", "Matha __knowledge__ A matha (मठ, IAST: ) or mutt is a Sanskrit word that means \"cloister, institute or college\", and it also refers to a monastery in Hinduism.", "Matha __knowledge__ Monastic life, for spiritual studies or the pursuit of moksha (spiritual liberation) traces it roots to the 1st millennium BCE, in the Vedic tradition.", "Matha __knowledge__ The earliest Hindu monasteries (\"mathas\") are indirectly inferred to be from the centuries around the start of the common era, based on the existence of Sannyasa Upanishads with strongly Advaita Vedanta content.", "Matha __knowledge__ The \"matha\" tradition in Hinduism was likely well established in the second half of 1st millennium CE, as is evidenced by archeological and epigraphical evidence.", "Yogini __knowledge__ Yogini (spelled also jogan) , ) is the feminine Sanskrit word of the masculine \"yogi\", while the term \"yogin\" is used in neutral, masculine or feminine sense.", "Yogini __knowledge__ More than a gender label for all things yogi, \"yogini\" represents both a female master practitioner of yoga and a formal term of respect for female Hindu or Buddhist spiritual teachers in India, Nepal and Tibet.", "Yogini __knowledge__ In the Hindu tradition, \"yogini\" has referred to women who are part of the Yoga school of Hindu traditions and to the women who were part of the Gorakshanath founded Nath Yogi tradition.", "Yogini __knowledge__ A Yogini, in some contexts, refers to the sacred feminine force made incarnate, as an aspect of Parvati, and revered in yogini temples of India as the Eight Matrikas or the Sixty-four Yoginis.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect." ] ]

[ 1, 8, 9, 72 ]

[ "Last year I started a small business! I opened a yoga studio! We have fewer employees and less annual revenue than a regular-sized business.", "It's very nice. I've been doing it for about 10 years. The most common types are Hatha and Raja yoga. It's very transformative.", "It originated from India and is credited to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism. ", "I don't know exactly how many there are, but \"hatha yoga\" usually implies the physical techniques that we often see in classes." ]

[ "Small business", "Small business", "Small business", "Small business" ]

[ "Swimming\nI love to swim", "Yes it is", "Really?", "I can't my breath for long" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming relies on the natural buoyancy of the human body.", "Swimming __knowledge__ On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float.", "Swimming __knowledge__ However, buoyancy varies on the basis of both body composition and the salinity of the water.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Since the human body is only slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ Adult Swim (stylized as [adult swim]) is the adult-oriented nighttime programming block of the American children's cable network Cartoon Network, operating daily 8 p.m.–6 a.m. Eastern and Pacific Time.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ It is programmed by Williams Street Productions, a subsidiary of Turner, which also developed two other programming blocks for Cartoon Network: Toonami (which later became a block on Adult Swim in 2012) and Miguzi.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ The block gets its name from a phrase used by public swimming pools in the United States to label designated times when children are restricted from using the facilities in favor of adults.", "Mary Mohler __knowledge__ Mary Elizabeth Mohler, née Mary Elizabeth DeScenza (born September 17, 1984) is an American former competition swimmer and former world record-holder in the Women's 200-meter butterfly (long course).", "Mary Mohler __knowledge__ Mohler was born into an Italian-American family in Middlesex, New Jersey, where she learned to swim and began competing with a local swim club.", "Mary Mohler __knowledge__ Her father, Robert DeScenza, works as a structural engineer and her mother, Margaret DeScenza, is a homemaker.", "Mary Mohler __knowledge__ She attended Rosary High School in Aurora, Illinois where she was best known for being the Illinois High School Association state champion for the 100 yard Butterfly from 1998 to 2001.", "The Liffey Swim __knowledge__ The Liffey Swim, currently titled the Jones Engineering Dublin City Liffey Swim, is an annual race in Dublin's main river, the Liffey, and is one of Ireland's most famous traditional sporting events.", "The Liffey Swim __knowledge__ The race is managed by a voluntary not-for-profit organisation, Leinster Open Sea.", "The Liffey Swim __knowledge__ The 98th Liffey Swim took place on Saturday 9 September 2017, starting at the Rory O’Moore Bridge (Watling Street Bridge) beside the Guinness Brewery.", "The Liffey Swim __knowledge__ The race is one of the last swims in a season of 30 open sea races held during the summer months, organised by Leinster Open Sea, and takes place usually on a Saturday in either late August or early September.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Also, the dorsal position of the swim bladder means the center of mass is below the center of volume, allowing it to act as a stabilizing agent.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Additionally, the swim bladder functions as a resonating chamber, to produce or receive sound.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ The swim bladder is evolutionarily homologous to the lungs.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Charles Darwin remarked upon this in \"On the Origin of Species\".", "Lewis Pugh __knowledge__ Lewis William Gordon Pugh, OIG (born 5 December 1969) is a British-South African endurance swimmer and ocean advocate.", "Lewis Pugh __knowledge__ He has been described as the \"Sir Edmund Hillary of swimming.\"", "Lewis Pugh __knowledge__ He was the first person to complete a long-distance swim in every ocean of the world, and he frequently swims in vulnerable ecosystems to draw attention to their plight.", "Lewis Pugh __knowledge__ Pugh is best known for undertaking the first swim across the North Pole in 2007 to highlight the melting of the Arctic sea ice.", "Lewis Pugh __knowledge__ In 2010 he swam across a glacial lake on Mount Everest to draw attention to the melting of the glaciers in the Himalayas, and the impact the reduced water supply will have on peace in the region.", "Diana Nyad __knowledge__ Diana Nyad (née Sneed; born August 22, 1949) is an American author, journalist, motivational speaker, and long-distance swimmer.", "Diana Nyad __knowledge__ Nyad gained national attention in 1975 when she swam around Manhattan () and in 1979 when she swam from North Bimini, The Bahamas, to Juno Beach, Florida ().", "Diana Nyad __knowledge__ In 2013, on her fifth attempt and at age 64, she became the first person confirmed to swim from Cuba to Florida without the aid of a shark cage, swimming from Havana to Key West ().", "Diana Nyad __knowledge__ Nyad was also once ranked thirteenth among US women squash players.", "Diana Nyad __knowledge__ Nyad was born in New York City on August 22, 1949, to stockbroker William L. Sneed Jr. and his wife Lucy Winslow Curtis (1925–2007).", "Swim cap __knowledge__ A swimming cap, swim cap or bathing cap, is a tightly fitted, skin-tight garment, commonly made from silicone, latex or lycra, worn on the head by recreational and competitive swimmers.", "Swim cap __knowledge__ Caps are worn for various reasons.", "Swim cap __knowledge__ Some facilities require the wearing of swim caps, in order to protect filters from becoming clogged with loose hairs which fall from the head of swimmers who are not wearing a cap, or to ensure long loose hair does not get caught in equipment.", "Swim cap __knowledge__ Caps are also sometimes worn in an attempt to keep hair relatively dry or protect from chlorinated water, to keep the sun off the hair, and also, when a cap is worn with ear plugs, in order to keep water out of the ears." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming relies on the natural buoyancy of the human body.", "Swimming __knowledge__ On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float.", "Swimming __knowledge__ However, buoyancy varies on the basis of both body composition and the salinity of the water.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Since the human body is only slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men are a culture jamming activist duo and network of supporters created by Jacques Servin and Igor Vamos.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ Through actions of tactical media, the Yes Men primarily aim to raise awareness about problematic social and political issues.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ To date, the duo have produced three films: \"The Yes Men\" (2003), \"The Yes Men Fix the World\" (2009) and \"The Yes Men Are Revolting\" (2014).", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ In these films, they impersonate entities that they dislike, a practice that they call \"identity correction\".", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men operate under the mission statement that lies can expose truth.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ They create and maintain fake websites similar to ones they intend to spoof, which have led to numerous interview, conference, and TV talk show invitations.", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ Everglades National Park is a U.S. National Park in Florida that protects the southern 20 percent of the original Everglades.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ In the United States, it is the largest tropical wilderness, the largest wilderness of any kind east of the Mississippi River, and is visited on average by one million people each year.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ It is the third-largest national park in the lower 48 states after Death Valley and Yellowstone.", "Everglades National Park __knowledge__ It has been declared an International Biosphere Reserve, a World Heritage Site, and a Wetland of International Importance, one of only three locations in the world to appear on all three lists.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Aquatic locomotion is biologically propelled motion through a liquid medium.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ The simplest propulsive systems are composed of cilia and flagella.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Swimming has evolved a number of times in a range of organisms including arthropods, fish, molluscs, reptiles, birds, and mammals.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Swimming evolved a number of times in unrelated lineages.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Supposed jellyfish fossils occur in the Ediacaran, but the first free-swimming animals appear in the Early to Middle Cambrian.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ These are mostly related to the arthropods, and include the Anomalocaridids, which swam by means of lateral lobes in a fashion reminiscent of today's cuttlefish.", "Bull shark __knowledge__ The bull shark (\"Carcharhinus leucas\"), also known as the Zambezi shark (informally \"zambi\") in Africa, and Lake Nicaragua shark in Nicaragua, is a requiem shark commonly found worldwide in warm, shallow waters along coasts and in rivers.", "Bull shark __knowledge__ The bull shark is known for its aggressive nature, predilection for warm shallow water, and presence in brackish and freshwater systems including estuaries and rivers.", "Bull shark __knowledge__ Bull sharks can thrive in both salt and fresh water and can travel far up rivers.", "Bull shark __knowledge__ They have been known to travel up the Mississippi River as far as Alton, Illinois, about 700 miles (1100 km) from the ocean.", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ The Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere, and the eighth-largest terminal lake in the world.", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ In an average year the lake covers an area of around , but the lake's size fluctuates substantially due to its shallowness.", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ For instance, in 1963 it reached its lowest recorded size at 950 square miles (2,460 km²), but in 1988 the surface area was at the historic high of .", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ In terms of surface area, it is the largest lake in the United States that is not part of the Great Lakes region.", "Great Salt Lake __knowledge__ The lake is the largest remnant of Lake Bonneville, a prehistoric pluvial lake that once covered much of western Utah.", "Jellyfish __knowledge__ Jellyfish or jellies are softbodied, free-swimming aquatic animals with a gelatinous umbrella-shaped bell and trailing tentacles.", "Jellyfish __knowledge__ The bell can pulsate to acquire propulsion and locomotion.", "Jellyfish __knowledge__ The tentacles may be utilized to capture prey or defend against predators by emitting toxins in a painful sting.", "Jellyfish __knowledge__ Jellyfish species are classified in the subphylum Medusozoa which makes up a major part of the phylum Cnidaria, although not all Medusozoa species are considered to be jellyfish.", "Jellyfish __knowledge__ Jellyfish are found in every ocean, from the surface to the deep sea.", "Jellyfish __knowledge__ Scyphozoans (the \"true jellyfish\") are exclusively marine, but some hydrozoans live in freshwater.", "Salt water chlorination __knowledge__ Salt water chlorination is a process that uses dissolved salt (2,500–6,000 ppm) as a store for the chlorination system.", "Salt water chlorination __knowledge__ The chlorine generator (also known as salt cell, salt generator, salt chlorinator or SWG) uses electrolysis in the presence of dissolved salt (NaCl) to produce hypochlorous acid (HClO) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), which are the sanitizing agents already commonly used in swimming pools.", "Salt water chlorination __knowledge__ As such, a saltwater pool is not actually chlorine-free; it simply utilizes added salt and a chlorine generator instead of direct addition of chlorine.", "Salt water chlorination __knowledge__ The presence of chlorine in traditional swimming pools can be described as a combination of free available chlorine (FAC) and combined available chlorine (CAC)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming relies on the natural buoyancy of the human body.", "Swimming __knowledge__ On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float.", "Swimming __knowledge__ However, buoyancy varies on the basis of both body composition and the salinity of the water.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Since the human body is only slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ \"You Really Got Me\" is a song written by Ray Davies for English rock band the Kinks.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ The song, originally performed in a more blues-oriented style, was inspired by artists such as Lead Belly and Big Bill Broonzy.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ Two versions of the song were recorded, with the second performance being used for the final single.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ Although it was rumoured that future Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page had performed the song's guitar solo, the myth has since been proven false.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ \"You Really Got Me\" was built around power chords (perfect fifths and octaves) and heavily influenced later rock musicians, particularly in the genres of heavy metal and punk rock.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ \"Doesn't Really Matter\" is a song recorded by American singer Janet Jackson for to the 2000 film \"\".", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ The song was released as a single in May 21, 2000, after an unfinished version leaked to radio.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ \"Doesn't Really Matter\" is a contemporary R&B and electropop song which speaks about loving a person for who they are and disregarding their physical appearance.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ It was based on an incomplete poem Jackson had written, which was later applied to her character in the film.", "Doesn't Really Matter __knowledge__ The song was a contrast from the bleak tone of prior album \"The Velvet Rope\" (1997), returning to a brighter and more contemporary sound.", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ \"Nothing Really Matters\" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for her seventh studio album, \"Ray of Light\" (1998).", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ It was written by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, and was produced by the singer with William Orbit and Marius De Vries.", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ The song was released as the fifth and final single from the album on March 2, 1999 by Maverick Records and Warner Bros. Records.", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ An EDM track on which Madonna experiments with different musical genres, \"Nothing Really Matters\" includes ambient music and electronic noise frequencies that were added by De Vries.", "Nothing Really Matters __knowledge__ Lyrically, the recording delves on the singer's first daughter Lourdes Leon, having also themes of selfishness, affection, and motherhood.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Really Useful Group __knowledge__ The Really Useful Group Ltd. (RUG) is an international company set up in 1977 by Andrew Lloyd Webber.", "Really Useful Group __knowledge__ It is involved in theatre, film, television, video and concert productions, merchandising, magazine publishing, records and music publishing.", "Really Useful Group __knowledge__ The name is inspired by a phrase from the children's book series \"The Railway Series\" in which Thomas the Tank Engine and other locomotives are referred to as \"Really Useful Engines\".", "Really Useful Group __knowledge__ The company was set up in 1977 when Lloyd Webber, frustrated with the terms of his contract with the impresario Robert Stigwood, decided to take greater control over the management of his creative works.", "Really Really Free Market __knowledge__ The Really, Really Free Market (RRFM) movement is a horizontally organized collective of individuals who form a temporary market based on an alternative gift economy.", "Really Really Free Market __knowledge__ RRFM events are often hosted by people unaffiliated with any large organization and are encouraged to sprout up by anyone, at anytime, anywhere.", "Really Really Free Market __knowledge__ The RRFM movement aims to counteract capitalism in a proactive way by creating a positive example to challenge the myths of scarcity and competition.", "Really Really Free Market __knowledge__ The name Really Really Free Market is itself a play on words: it is a reinterpretation and re-envisioning of the term Free Market which generally refers to an economy of consumerism governed by supply and demand.", "Underwater diving __knowledge__ Underwater diving, as a human activity, is the practice of descending below the water's surface to interact with the environment.", "Underwater diving __knowledge__ Immersion in water and exposure to high ambient pressure have physiological effects that limit the depths and duration possible in ambient pressure diving.", "Underwater diving __knowledge__ Humans are not physiologically and anatomically well adapted to the environmental conditions of diving, and various equipment has been developed to extend the depth and duration of human dives, and allow different types of work to be done.", "Underwater diving __knowledge__ In ambient pressure diving, the diver is directly exposed to the pressure of the surrounding water.", "Physiology of underwater diving __knowledge__ Physiology of underwater diving is the physiological influences of the underwater environment on the physiology of air-breathing animals, and the adaptations to operating underwater, both during breath-hold dives and while breathing at ambient pressure from a suitable breathing gas supply.", "Physiology of underwater diving __knowledge__ It, therefore, includes both the physiology of breath-hold diving in humans and other air-breathing animals, and the range of physiological effects generally limited to human ambient pressure divers either freediving or using underwater breathing apparatus.", "Physiology of underwater diving __knowledge__ Several factors influence the diver, including immersion, exposure to the water, the limitations of breath-hold endurance, variations in ambient pressure, the effects of breathing gases at raised ambient pressure, effects caused by the use of breathing apparatus, and sensory impairment.", "Dyesebel __knowledge__ Dyesebel () is a popular mermaid character in the Philippines.", "Dyesebel __knowledge__ The comic book character was originally conceived by the Filipino comic book illustrator, Mars Ravelo and drawn by Elpidio Torres.", "Dyesebel __knowledge__ \"Dyesebel\" is a prominent character in Philippine cinema and television.", "Dyesebel __knowledge__ It was first serialized in Pilipino Komiks in 1952-53, and was later adapted into the big screen that same year.", "Dyesebel __knowledge__ The film was produced under Manuel Vistan Productions, Inc. and released through Premiere Productions.", "Dyesebel __knowledge__ It was directed by Gerardo 'Gerry' De Leon.", "Dyesebel __knowledge__ Dyesebel first appeared in the pages of Pilipino Komiks during the 1950s, then in Kampeon Komiks (Champion Comics) in 1975.", "Scuba skills __knowledge__ Scuba skills are the skills required to dive safely using self-contained underwater breathing apparatus, (scuba).", "Scuba skills __knowledge__ Most of these skills are relevant to both open circuit and rebreather scuba, and many are also relevant to surface-supplied diving.", "Scuba skills __knowledge__ Those skills which are critical to the safety of the diver may require more practice than is usually provided during training to achieve reliable long-term proficiency Some of the skills are generally accepted by recreational diver certification agencies as necessary for any scuba diver to be considered competent to dive without direct supervision, and others are more advanced, though some diver certification and accreditation organizations may consider some of these to also be essential for minimum acceptable entry level competence.", "Apnea __knowledge__ Apnea or apnoea is suspension of breathing.", "Apnea __knowledge__ During apnea, there is no movement of the muscles of inhalation, and the volume of the lungs initially remains unchanged.", "Apnea __knowledge__ Depending on how blocked the airways are (patency), there may or may not be a flow of gas between the lungs and the environment; gas exchange within the lungs and cellular respiration is not affected.", "Apnea __knowledge__ Voluntarily doing this is called holding one's breath.", "Apnea __knowledge__ Apnea can be involuntarily achieved, drug-induced (such as opiate toxicity or tryptamine toxicity), mechanically induced (for example, by strangulation or choking), or it can occur as a consequence of neurological disease or trauma.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ This is a list of creatures in the fictional \"Star Wars\" universe.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ To be listed here, creatures must be noted in multiple canonical sources.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ An Acklay is a large non-Sentient creature resembling an Earth's praying mantis.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is a Crustacean.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It is equipped with three eyes and six legs with four digits each, the fourth of which terminates in an elongated scythe-like claw and a crest to protect it from air attack.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ As a carnivore, it possesses a mouth full of long, sharp teeth that it uses for catching fish.", "List of Star Wars creatures __knowledge__ It originated on Vendaxa, but has since adapted to other environments such as Felucia and Geonosis." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming relies on the natural buoyancy of the human body.", "Swimming __knowledge__ On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float.", "Swimming __knowledge__ However, buoyancy varies on the basis of both body composition and the salinity of the water.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Since the human body is only slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running.", "Breathalyzer __knowledge__ A breathalyzer or breathalyser (a portmanteau of \"breath\" and \"analyzer/analyser\") is a device for estimating blood alcohol content (BAC) from a breath sample.", "Breathalyzer __knowledge__ Breathalyzer is the brand name (a genericized trademark) for the instrument that tests the alcohol level developed by inventor Robert Frank Borkenstein.", "Breathalyzer __knowledge__ It was registered as a trademark on May 13, 1954, but many people use the term to refer to any generic device for estimating blood alcohol content .", "Breathalyzer __knowledge__ A 1927 paper produced by Emil Bogen, who collected air in a football bladder and then tested this air for traces of alcohol, discovered that the alcohol content of 2 litres of expired air was a little greater than that of 1 cc of urine.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is a symptom in which a noticeably unpleasant odor is present on the breath.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ It can result in anxiety among those affected.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ It is also associated with depression and symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ Concerns of bad breath may be divided into genuine and non-genuine cases.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ Of those who have genuine bad breath, about 85% of cases come from inside the mouth.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ The remaining cases are believed to be due to disorders in the nose, sinuses, throat, lungs, esophagus, or stomach.", "Bad breath __knowledge__ Rarely, bad breath can be due to an underlying medical condition such as liver failure or ketoacidosis.", "Lose My Breath __knowledge__ \"Lose My Breath\" is a song by American group Destiny's Child.", "Lose My Breath __knowledge__ It was written by Beyoncé, Kelly Rowland, Michelle Williams, Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins, LaShawn Daniels, Fred Jerkins III, Sean Garrett, and Shawn Corey \"Jay-Z\" Carter for the group's fourth studio album, \"Destiny Fulfilled\" (2004).", "Lose My Breath __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"Lose My Breath\" as the first single from the album in late 2004.", "Lose My Breath __knowledge__ The song was partially developed by Jerkins before being presented to Destiny's Child and its chorus was afterwards written by Jay-Z.", "Lose My Breath __knowledge__ An uptempo R&B and dance-pop song, \"Lose My Breath\" has a marching, military percussion-led instrumentation with different sound effects in its backing track.", "Breath of Fire II __knowledge__ Unlike later installments in the series, \"Breath of Fire II\" is a direct sequel to \"Breath of Fire\".", "Breath of Fire II __knowledge__ Set 500 years after the original game, the story centers on an orphan named Ryu Bateson, whose family vanished mysteriously long ago.", "Breath of Fire II __knowledge__ After his friend is falsely accused of a crime, Ryu embarks on a journey to clear his name.", "Breath of Fire II __knowledge__ \"Breath of Fire II\" is a traditional role-playing video game featuring two-dimensional character sprites and environments.", "Breath of Fire II __knowledge__ Players view the game from a top-down perspective and move their characters in four directions across various environments including towns and dungeons while interacting with non-player characters and battling enemies to advance the story.", "Neiye __knowledge__ The c. 350 BCE Neiye 內業 or Inward Training is the oldest Chinese received text describing Daoist breath meditation techniques and \"qi\" circulation.", "Neiye __knowledge__ After the \"Guanzi\" political and philosophical compendium included the \"Neiye\" around the 2nd century BCE, it was seldom mentioned by Chinese scholars until the 20th century, when it was reevaluated as a \"proto-Daoist\" text that clearly influenced the \"Daode jing\", \"Zhuangzi\", and other classics.", "Neiye __knowledge__ \"Neiye\" traditions also influenced Chinese thought and culture.", "Neiye __knowledge__ For instance, it had the first references to cultivating the life forces \"jing\" \"essence\", \"qi\" \"vital energy\", and \"shen\" \"spirit\", which later became a fundamental concept in Daoist \"Neidan\" \"internal alchemy\", as well as the Three Treasures in traditional Chinese medicine.", "Don't Hold Your Breath __knowledge__ \"Don't Hold Your Breath\" is a song recorded by American singer Nicole Scherzinger for her debut studio album, \"Killer Love\" (2011).", "Don't Hold Your Breath __knowledge__ It was written by Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg and Toby Gad and produced by the former two along with Carl Falk, Steve Angello and Rami.", "Don't Hold Your Breath __knowledge__ The song was released on February 16, 2011, as the album's second single in the United Kingdom.", "Don't Hold Your Breath __knowledge__ \"Don't Hold Your Breath\" received positive reviews, with critics preferring it over singles by The Pussycat Dolls, as well as praising the empowering message and theme.", "Don't Hold Your Breath __knowledge__ The pop and R&B production was also praised.", "Don't Hold Your Breath __knowledge__ The song's lyrics speak of the female protagonist realising that her relationship with her man is over and she is not going to return to what used to be.", "Shortness of breath __knowledge__ Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, is a feeling like one cannot breathe well enough.", "Shortness of breath __knowledge__ The American Thoracic Society defines it as \"a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity\", and recommends evaluating dyspnea by assessing the intensity of the distinct sensations, the degree of distress involved, and its burden or impact on activities of daily living.", "Shortness of breath __knowledge__ Distinct sensations include effort/work, chest tightness, and air hunger (the feeling of not enough oxygen).", "Shortness of breath __knowledge__ Dyspnea is a normal symptom of heavy exertion but becomes pathological if it occurs in unexpected situations or light exertion.", "List of sports governing bodies in Wales __knowledge__ The governing bodies of sports in Wales perform an organisational, regulatory or sanctioning function at a national level in Wales, some tracing their history to the 19th Century.", "List of sports governing bodies in Wales __knowledge__ Many cooperate with similar bodies from other countries to agree rule changes for their sport.", "List of sports governing bodies in Wales __knowledge__ Most implement decisions made by the international bodies to which they belong.", "List of sports governing bodies in Wales __knowledge__ Some, such as the Welsh Sports Association, cover a range of sports.", "List of sports governing bodies in Wales __knowledge__ Most of the governing bodies involved in competitive sports select, organise and manage individuals or teams to represent their country at international events or fixtures against other countries.", "Disability sport classification __knowledge__ Disability sports classification is a system that allows for fair competition between people with different types of disabilities.", "Disability sport classification __knowledge__ Historically, the process has been by two groups: specific disability type sport organizations that cover multiple sports, and specific sport organizations that cover multiple disability types including amputations, cerebral palsy, deafness, intellectual impairments, les autres and short stature, vision impairments, spinal cord injuries, and other disabilities not covered by these groups.", "Disability sport classification __knowledge__ Within specific disability types, some of the major organizations have been CPISRA has for cerebral palsy and head injuries, ISMWSF for spinal cord injuries, ISOD for orthopaedic conditions and amputees, INAS for people with intellectual disabilities, and IBSA for blind and vision impaired athletes.", "Sport in Ireland __knowledge__ The many sports played and followed in Ireland include Gaelic games (mainly Gaelic football, hurling and camogie), horse racing, show jumping, greyhound racing, basketball, fishing, handball, motor sport, MMA, boxing, target shooting and tennis.", "Sport in Ireland __knowledge__ Hockey, golf, rowing, cricket, rugby union and Olympic target shooting are organised in an all-island basis, with a single team representing the whole of Ireland in international competitions.", "Sport in Ireland __knowledge__ Other sports, such as soccer and netball, have separate organizing bodies in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.", "Sport in Ireland __knowledge__ As Northern Ireland is a constitute nation of the United Kingdom it also sends a Northern Ireland Team to the Commonwealth Games.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The United Kingdom has given birth to a range of major international sports including: association football, rugby (union and league), cricket, netball, darts, golf, tennis, table tennis, badminton, squash, bowls, modern rowing, hockey, boxing, snooker, billiards, and curling.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ This has meant that in the infancy of many sports, England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland formed among the earliest separate governing bodies, national teams and domestic league competitions.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ After 1922 some sports formed separate bodies for Northern Ireland though some continued to be organised on an all-Ireland basis.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In a small number of sports, these teams are supplemented by high-profile events featuring a combined team representing one or more nations.", "Para-swimming classification __knowledge__ Para-swimming classification is a function-based classification system designed to allow for fair competition in disability swimming.", "Para-swimming classification __knowledge__ The classes are prefixed with \"S\" for freestyle, butterfly and backstroke events, \"SB\" for breaststroke and \"SM\" for individual medley events.", "Para-swimming classification __knowledge__ Swimmers with physical disabilities are divided into ten classes based on their degree of functional disability.", "Para-swimming classification __knowledge__ Those with visual impairments are placed in three additional classes.", "Para-swimming classification __knowledge__ A final class, S14, is reserved for swimmers with intellectual disabilities.", "Para-swimming classification __knowledge__ Swimming was one of the first organised sports for people with disabilities, and was contested at the first Summer Paralympics in 1960.", "Diving __knowledge__ Diving is the sport of jumping or falling into water from a platform or springboard, usually while performing acrobatics.", "Diving __knowledge__ Diving is an internationally recognized sport that is part of the Olympic Games.", "Diving __knowledge__ In addition, unstructured and non-competitive diving is a recreational pastime.", "Diving __knowledge__ Diving is one of the most popular Olympic sports with spectators.", "Diving __knowledge__ Competitors possess many of the same characteristics as gymnasts and dancers, including strength, flexibility, kinaesthetic judgment and air awareness.", "Diving __knowledge__ Some professional divers were originally gymnasts or dancers as both the sports have similar characteristics to diving.", "Sport in Australia __knowledge__ Sport is an important part of Australian culture dating back to the early colonial period.", "Sport in Australia __knowledge__ Cricket, Rugby League, Australian rules football, rugby union and horse racing are among the earliest organized sports in Australia .", "Sport in Australia __knowledge__ Sport has shaped the Australian national identity through events such as the Ashes, the Melbourne Cup and the America's Cup .", "Sport in Australia __knowledge__ There are a number of professional sport leagues in Australia, including the National Rugby League (NRL) (Rugby League), the Australian Football League (AFL) (Australian rules football), the Big Bash League (BBL) and Sheffield Shield (cricket), the National Basketball League and the Women's National Basketball League, the A-League and the W-League (soccer), the Australian Baseball League, the National Rugby League (rugby league), Super Rugby (rugby union), the ANZ Championship (netball) and the International V8 Supercars Championship (touring car racing)." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 5, 70 ]

[ "swimming is very fun, swimming is the self propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water", "Another fact is that humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimenary ", "Yes really, and swimming can also be formalized as a sport, it can be local, national and even international competitions.", "Same here, i did find another fact is that diving is part of the olympic games" ]

[ "Swimming", "Swimming", "Swimming", "Swimming" ]

[ "American Civil War reenactment\ni want to particiate in a civil war reenactment", "what are some of the biggest ones?", "thats interesting", "yea thats why i would want to do it" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ American Civil War reenactment is an effort to recreate the appearance of a particular battle or other event associated with the American Civil War by hobbyists known (in the United States) as Civil War reenactors, or living historians.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Although most common in the United States, there are also American Civil War reenactors in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, and Poland.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting the American Civil War began even before the real fighting had ended.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Civil War veterans recreated battles as a way to remember their fallen comrades and to teach others what the war was all about.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ The Great Reunion of 1913, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, was attended by more than 50,000 Union and Confederate veterans, and included reenactments of elements of the battle, including Pickett's Charge.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Modern reenacting is thought to have begun during the 1961–1965 Civil War Centennial commemorations.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting grew in popularity during the 1980s and 1990s, due in large part to the success of the 125th Anniversary reenactment near the original Manassas battlefield, which was attended by more than 6,000 reenactors.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ That year, \"Time\" magazine estimated there were more than 50,000 reenactors in the U.S.", "Garry Bocaly __knowledge__ Garry Bocaly (born 19 April 1988) is a French footballer who last played for Arles-Avignon, as a right back.", "Garry Bocaly __knowledge__ Moving the position of right defender, he began his professional career in Marseille in 2005.", "Garry Bocaly __knowledge__ After two seasons in his first club, he made a pass by the League 2 respectively being loaned to FC Libourne-Saint-Seurin during the 2007–2008 season and then at Montpellier during the following season.", "Garry Bocaly __knowledge__ After returning to Marseille, he remained only half a season before being loaned back to Montpellier where he signed at the end of the 2009–10 season.", "Garry Bocaly __knowledge__ He is also vice-champion of France in 2007, runner-up of League 2 in 2009 and participated in the final of the League Cup in 2011.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ The commemoration of the American Civil War is based on the memories of the Civil War that Americans have shaped according to their political, social and cultural circumstances and needs, starting with the Gettysburg Address and the dedication of the Gettysburg cemetery in 1863.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Confederates, both veterans and women, were especially active in forging the myth of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Most of the war dead are buried at Arlington National Cemetery and other national cemeteries near the battle zones.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Memorial Day (or \"Decoration Day\") originated shortly after the American Civil War to commemorate the Union and Confederate soldiers who died in the Civil War.", "The Red Badge of Gayness __knowledge__ \"The Red Badge of Gayness\" is episode 45 of Comedy Central's animated series \"South Park\".", "The Red Badge of Gayness __knowledge__ It originally aired on November 24, 1999.", "The Red Badge of Gayness __knowledge__ In the episode, the boys participate in the South Park Civil War reenactment.", "The Red Badge of Gayness __knowledge__ To win a bet, Cartman convinces the reenactors to try and alter history and leads them throughout the southern United States.", "The Red Badge of Gayness __knowledge__ The episode's name is a reference to the war novel \"The Red Badge of Courage\" and parodies Ken Burn's documentary miniseries \"The Civil War\" and the 1993 film \"Gettysburg.\"", "The Red Badge of Gayness __knowledge__ As the entire town of South Park is preparing to hold its annual American Civil War reenactment of the (fictional) Battle of Tamarack Hill, the children rehearse as a Union Army rally band.", "Authenticity (reenactment) __knowledge__ In historical reenactment, authenticity (sometimes referred to as the A-factor or simply A) is a measure of how close an item, prop, action, weapon, or custom is to what would actually have been used or done in the time period being depicted.", "Authenticity (reenactment) __knowledge__ For example, in most northern European medieval reenactment cotton is an \"inauthentic\" material—as opposed to wool or linen—though it would be \"authentic\" in more modern periods and events, such as American Civil War reenactment or World War II reenactment.", "Authenticity (reenactment) __knowledge__ Likewise, pop culture references and talking about modern events or objects (e.g., wrist watches, mobile phones, or President Barack Obama) is inauthentic.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Historical reenactment (or re-enactment) is an educational or entertainment activity in which people follow a plan to recreate aspects of a historical event or period.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ This may be as narrow as a specific moment from a battle, such as the reenactment of Pickett's Charge presented during the Great Reunion of 1913, or as broad as an entire period, such as Regency reenactment or The 1920s Berlin Project.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Activities related to \"reenactment\" have a long history.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ The Romans staged recreations of famous battles within their amphitheaters as a form of public spectacle.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, tournaments often reenacted historical themes from Ancient Rome or elsewhere.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ American Civil War reenactment is an effort to recreate the appearance of a particular battle or other event associated with the American Civil War by hobbyists known (in the United States) as Civil War reenactors, or living historians.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Although most common in the United States, there are also American Civil War reenactors in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, and Poland.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting the American Civil War began even before the real fighting had ended.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Civil War veterans recreated battles as a way to remember their fallen comrades and to teach others what the war was all about.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ The Great Reunion of 1913, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, was attended by more than 50,000 Union and Confederate veterans, and included reenactments of elements of the battle, including Pickett's Charge.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Modern reenacting is thought to have begun during the 1961–1965 Civil War Centennial commemorations.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting grew in popularity during the 1980s and 1990s, due in large part to the success of the 125th Anniversary reenactment near the original Manassas battlefield, which was attended by more than 6,000 reenactors.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ That year, \"Time\" magazine estimated there were more than 50,000 reenactors in the U.S.", "Sidensjö __knowledge__ Sidensjö is a locality situated in Örnsköldsvik Municipality, Västernorrland County, Sweden with 399 inhabitants in 2010.", "Sidensjö __knowledge__ It is also a parish in the \"Nätra Court District\".", "Sidensjö __knowledge__ In 1915 the parish comprised 39,416 hectares.", "Sidensjö __knowledge__ By that time Sidensjö was a church district in the Diocese of Härnösand and the northwest deanery of Ångermanland.", "Sidensjö __knowledge__ The parish of Sidensjö today includes 33 smaller villages and covers an area of 389 square kilometres.", "Sidensjö __knowledge__ On January 1, 1952 a joint municipality was formed from the parishes of Sidensjö and Nätra.", "Sidensjö __knowledge__ It was called Nätra municipality and was included into the Örnsköldsvik municipality in 1971.", "Thuringia __knowledge__ The Free State of Thuringia (; , ) is a federal state in central Germany.", "Thuringia __knowledge__ It has an area of and 2.29 million inhabitants, making it the sixth smallest by area and the fifth smallest by population of Germany's sixteen states.", "Thuringia __knowledge__ Most of Thuringia is within the watershed of the Saale, a left tributary of the Elbe.", "Thuringia __knowledge__ The capital is .", "Thuringia __knowledge__ Thuringia has been known as \"the green heart of Germany\" (\"\") from the late 19th century, due to the dense forest covering the land.", "Thuringia __knowledge__ It is home to the Rennsteig, Germany's most well-known hiking trail, and the winter resort of Oberhof making it a well known winter sports destination.", "Brittany __knowledge__ Brittany (; ; , pronounced or ; Gallo: \"Bertaèyn\", pronounced ) is a cultural region (see also Brittany (administrative region)) in the northwest of France covering the western part of Armorica, as it was known during the period of Roman occupation.", "Brittany __knowledge__ It became an independent kingdom and then a duchy before being united with the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a province governed as if it were a separate nation under the crown.", "Brittany __knowledge__ Brittany has also been referred to as \"Less\", \"Lesser\" or \"Little\" Britain (as opposed to \"Great Britain\").", "Brittany __knowledge__ It is bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Bay of Biscay to the south.", "Lesser Poland __knowledge__ Lesser Poland (Polish: \"Małopolska\", Latin: \"Polonia Minor\") is a historical region (\"dzielnica\") of Poland; its capital is the city of Kraków.", "Lesser Poland __knowledge__ It should not be confused with the modern Lesser Poland Voivodeship, which covers only the south-western part of Lesser Poland.", "Lesser Poland __knowledge__ Historical Lesser Poland is much bigger than the current voivodeship which bears its name, stretching from Bielsko-Biała in the south-west as far as to Siedlce in the north-east.", "Lesser Poland __knowledge__ It consisted of the three voivodeships of Kraków, Sandomierz and Lublin.", "Lesser Poland __knowledge__ It is almost 60,000 km in area and has about 9,000,000 inhabitants.", "Lesser Poland __knowledge__ Its landscape is mainly hilly, with the Carpathian Mountains in the south; it is located it the basin of upper Vistula.", "History of film __knowledge__ Although the start of the history of film is not clearly defined, the commercial, public screening of ten of Lumière brothers' short films in Paris on 28 December 1895 can be regarded as the breakthrough of projected cinematographic motion pictures.", "History of film __knowledge__ There had been earlier cinematographic results and screenings but these lacked either the quality or the momentum that propelled the cinématographe Lumière into a worldwide success.", "History of film __knowledge__ Soon film production companies were established all over the world.", "History of film __knowledge__ The first decade of motion picture saw film moving from a novelty to an established mass entertainment industry.", "Ken Rosewall __knowledge__ Kenneth Robert Rosewall (born 2 November 1934) is a former world top-ranking amateur and professional tennis player from Australia.", "Ken Rosewall __knowledge__ He won a record 23 tennis Majors including 8 Grand Slam singles titles and before the Open Era a record 15 Pro Slam titles and a record 35 Major finals overall.", "Ken Rosewall __knowledge__ He won the Pro Grand Slam in 1963.", "Ken Rosewall __knowledge__ Rosewall won 9 slams in doubles with a career double grand slam.", "Ken Rosewall __knowledge__ He is considered to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time.", "Ken Rosewall __knowledge__ He had a renowned backhand and enjoyed a long career at the highest levels from the early 1950s to the early 1970s.", "Ken Rosewall __knowledge__ Rosewall was one of the two best male players for about nine years and was the World No.", "Roman Empire __knowledge__ The Roman Empire (; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr. )", "Roman Empire __knowledge__ was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.", "Roman Empire __knowledge__ The city of Rome was the largest city in the world BC , with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around AD 500, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time).", "Roman Empire __knowledge__ The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ The commemoration of the American Civil War is based on the memories of the Civil War that Americans have shaped according to their political, social and cultural circumstances and needs, starting with the Gettysburg Address and the dedication of the Gettysburg cemetery in 1863.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Confederates, both veterans and women, were especially active in forging the myth of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Most of the war dead are buried at Arlington National Cemetery and other national cemeteries near the battle zones.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Memorial Day (or \"Decoration Day\") originated shortly after the American Civil War to commemorate the Union and Confederate soldiers who died in the Civil War.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Historical reenactment (or re-enactment) is an educational or entertainment activity in which people follow a plan to recreate aspects of a historical event or period.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ This may be as narrow as a specific moment from a battle, such as the reenactment of Pickett's Charge presented during the Great Reunion of 1913, or as broad as an entire period, such as Regency reenactment or The 1920s Berlin Project.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Activities related to \"reenactment\" have a long history.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ The Romans staged recreations of famous battles within their amphitheaters as a form of public spectacle.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, tournaments often reenacted historical themes from Ancient Rome or elsewhere.", "The Red Badge of Gayness __knowledge__ \"The Red Badge of Gayness\" is episode 45 of Comedy Central's animated series \"South Park\".", "The Red Badge of Gayness __knowledge__ It originally aired on November 24, 1999.", "The Red Badge of Gayness __knowledge__ In the episode, the boys participate in the South Park Civil War reenactment.", "The Red Badge of Gayness __knowledge__ To win a bet, Cartman convinces the reenactors to try and alter history and leads them throughout the southern United States.", "The Red Badge of Gayness __knowledge__ The episode's name is a reference to the war novel \"The Red Badge of Courage\" and parodies Ken Burn's documentary miniseries \"The Civil War\" and the 1993 film \"Gettysburg.\"", "The Red Badge of Gayness __knowledge__ As the entire town of South Park is preparing to hold its annual American Civil War reenactment of the (fictional) Battle of Tamarack Hill, the children rehearse as a Union Army rally band.", "Grant, Lee, Sherman: Civil War Generals 2 __knowledge__ Grant, Lee, Sherman: Civil War Generals 2 is a computer game published by Sierra Entertainment in 1997.", "Grant, Lee, Sherman: Civil War Generals 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to \"\".", "Grant, Lee, Sherman: Civil War Generals 2 __knowledge__ \"Grant, Lee, Sherman: Civil War Generals 2\" simulates on a tactical level individual battles of the American Civil War and allows one to play as either the North or South in a number of different campaigns.", "Grant, Lee, Sherman: Civil War Generals 2 __knowledge__ It links the battles together by making the losses in one battle reflect on the forces available in the next.", "Grant, Lee, Sherman: Civil War Generals 2 __knowledge__ Also, the capture of supplies during one battle allows one to purchase weapons upgrades before the next.", "Grant, Lee, Sherman: Civil War Generals 2 __knowledge__ Improvements to \"Robert E. Lee: Civil War General\" included the addition of several new units, including mortars, siege artillery, and naval vessels, new terrain types, more detailed graphics, and larger maps.", "Authenticity (reenactment) __knowledge__ In historical reenactment, authenticity (sometimes referred to as the A-factor or simply A) is a measure of how close an item, prop, action, weapon, or custom is to what would actually have been used or done in the time period being depicted.", "Authenticity (reenactment) __knowledge__ For example, in most northern European medieval reenactment cotton is an \"inauthentic\" material—as opposed to wool or linen—though it would be \"authentic\" in more modern periods and events, such as American Civil War reenactment or World War II reenactment.", "Authenticity (reenactment) __knowledge__ Likewise, pop culture references and talking about modern events or objects (e.g., wrist watches, mobile phones, or President Barack Obama) is inauthentic.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ American Civil War reenactment is an effort to recreate the appearance of a particular battle or other event associated with the American Civil War by hobbyists known (in the United States) as Civil War reenactors, or living historians.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Although most common in the United States, there are also American Civil War reenactors in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, and Poland.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting the American Civil War began even before the real fighting had ended.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Civil War veterans recreated battles as a way to remember their fallen comrades and to teach others what the war was all about.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ The Great Reunion of 1913, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, was attended by more than 50,000 Union and Confederate veterans, and included reenactments of elements of the battle, including Pickett's Charge.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Modern reenacting is thought to have begun during the 1961–1965 Civil War Centennial commemorations.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting grew in popularity during the 1980s and 1990s, due in large part to the success of the 125th Anniversary reenactment near the original Manassas battlefield, which was attended by more than 6,000 reenactors.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ That year, \"Time\" magazine estimated there were more than 50,000 reenactors in the U.S.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha Lee is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera \"Doctors\", played by Laura Rollins.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha was introduced as a Practice Nurse at The Mill by Peter Eryl Lloyd.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on Tuesday 30 September 2014.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Since her arrival in the show Ayesha has faced storylines including an on off relationship with Sid Vere, having a troubled relationship with Tyler Green, dealing with her mother Bren's alcohol and later drug addiction, being attacked by Ike and supporting Valerie Pittman through her Cancer scare.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha first arrives at \"The Mill\" as a replacement for Mandy Marquez, she is almost immediately attracted to new doctor Sid Vere.", "The Runners __knowledge__ The Runners are an American electronic and hip hop production duo from Orlando, Florida, consisting of Andrew \"Dru Brett\" Harr and Jermaine \"Mayne Zayne\" Jackson.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They came together to form the team in 2000, but they have known each other since they were in kindergarten.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They both have been influenced their entire lives by producers Timbaland and The Neptunes.", "The Runners __knowledge__ Their trademark is an exhale sound effect ringing \"Ahhh\" at the beginning of their songs.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They are best known for producing the hit singles \"Go Hard\" and \"Hustlin'\", by rappers DJ Khaled and Rick Ross respectively.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They have produced songs for artists like Keyshia Cole Kevin Cossom Ace Hood, Chris Brown, Fat Joe, Juelz Santana, Nelly, Trip Lee, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne, Justin Bieber, Fabolous and Usher.", "Head of the River (Australia) __knowledge__ The Head of the River is a name given to annual Australian rowing regattas held in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania and Western Australia.", "Head of the River (Australia) __knowledge__ The regattas feature competing independent schools, and the winner of the 1st division boys or girls race is crowned the \"Head of the River\".", "Head of the River (Australia) __knowledge__ The name \"Head of the River\" is taken from similar regattas held in other countries including the Head of the River Race held annually on the Thames in London since 1926.", "Head of the River (Australia) __knowledge__ The Head of the River takes place in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia at the end of the first term (normally in March) at the Sydney International Regatta Centre (SIRC).", "Florinel Coman __knowledge__ Florinel Teodor Coman (; born 10 April 1998) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays for FCSB mainly as a winger.", "Florinel Coman __knowledge__ Coman was born in the city of Brăila, Brăila County, and grew up as a Dinamo București supporter.", "Florinel Coman __knowledge__ Being promoted from Viitorul Constanța's academy by first-team manager Gheorghe Hagi, Coman made his professional debut coming on as a substitute in a Liga I match against Astra Giurgiu on 18 April 2015.", "Florinel Coman __knowledge__ On 14 August 2016, aged 18, he scored his first goal in a 3–1 league victory over ASA Târgu Mureș.", "Florinel Coman __knowledge__ Coman was the Liga I Player of the Month for February 2017 after scoring one each against Dinamo București, Pandurii Târgu Jiu and ACS Poli Timișoara respectively.", "Sampi __knowledge__ Sampi (modern: ϡ; ancient shapes: , ) is an archaic letter of the Greek alphabet.", "Sampi __knowledge__ It was used as an addition to the classical 24-letter alphabet in some eastern Ionic dialects of ancient Greek in the 6th and 5th centuries BC, to denote some type of a sibilant sound, probably or , and was abandoned when the sound disappeared from Greek.", "Sampi __knowledge__ It later remained in use as a numeral symbol for 900 in the alphabetic (\"Milesian\") system of Greek numerals.", "Sampi __knowledge__ Its modern shape, which resembles a π inclining to the right with a longish curved cross-stroke, developed during its use as a numeric symbol in minuscule handwriting of the Byzantine era.", "Orthography __knowledge__ An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language.", "Orthography __knowledge__ It includes norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word breaks, emphasis, and punctuation.", "Orthography __knowledge__ Most significant languages in the modern era are written down, and for most such languages a standard orthography has been developed, often based on a standard variety of the language, and thus exhibiting less dialect variation than the spoken language.", "Orthography __knowledge__ Sometimes there may be variation in a language's orthography, as between American and British spelling in the case of English orthography.", "Orthography __knowledge__ In some languages orthography is regulated by language academies, although for many languages (including English) there are no such authorities, and orthography develops in a more organic way.", "A Rumor of Love __knowledge__ A Rumor of Love (aka \"The Love Rumor\"; Arabic: إشاعة حب – \"Eshaet Hob\" or \"Ishayat hub\") is a 1960 Egyptian film by the director Fatin Abdel Wahab.", "A Rumor of Love __knowledge__ The movie tells a story of a young man and the trouble he goes through to court the girl he is in love with.", "A Rumor of Love __knowledge__ With the help of his uncle, the father of the girl, he manages to make her fall in love with him – but not after the entire town hears rumors about his womanizing ways.", "A Rumor of Love __knowledge__ The film based on The Whole Town's Talking, a play by Anita Loos and John Emerson.", "A Rumor of Love __knowledge__ Eshaet Hob starts with the introduction of a wealthy business man, Abdel Qader El Nashashgi (Youssef Wahby), and his eccentric family – his outspoken wife, Bahiga (Ehsan Elsherif), his two nephews, Hussein (Omar Sharif) and Mahroos (Abdel-Menam Ibrahim), and his beautiful daughter, Samiha (Soad Hosny).", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Historical reenactment (or re-enactment) is an educational or entertainment activity in which people follow a plan to recreate aspects of a historical event or period.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ This may be as narrow as a specific moment from a battle, such as the reenactment of Pickett's Charge presented during the Great Reunion of 1913, or as broad as an entire period, such as Regency reenactment or The 1920s Berlin Project.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Activities related to \"reenactment\" have a long history.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ The Romans staged recreations of famous battles within their amphitheaters as a form of public spectacle.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, tournaments often reenacted historical themes from Ancient Rome or elsewhere.", "Confederate Memorial (Romney, West Virginia) __knowledge__ The Confederate Memorial (also referred to as the First Confederate Memorial) at Indian Mound Cemetery in Romney, West Virginia, commemorates residents of Hampshire County who died during the American Civil War while fighting for the Confederate States of America.", "Confederate Memorial (Romney, West Virginia) __knowledge__ It was sponsored by the Confederate Memorial Association, which formally dedicated the monument on September 26, 1867.", "Confederate Memorial (Romney, West Virginia) __knowledge__ The town of Romney has claimed that this is the first memorial structure erected to memorialize the Confederate dead in the United States and that the town performed the nation's first public decoration of Confederate graves on June 1, 1866.", "19th Tennessee Infantry __knowledge__ The 19th Tennessee Infantry Regiment, or Nineteenth Tennessee Volunteer Infantry Regiment, was an infantry regiment in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.", "19th Tennessee Infantry __knowledge__ The 19th Tennessee fought in every major battle and campaign of the Army of Tennessee except the Battle of Perryville.", "19th Tennessee Infantry __knowledge__ First Lieutenant Robert D. Powell of Company K, killed at the Battle of Barbourville, Kentucky, is believed to be the first soldier killed during the Civil War in that state.", "19th Tennessee Infantry __knowledge__ The 19th Tennessee was formed from companies of men from the counties of East Tennessee and was mustered into the Confederate army at Knoxville, Tennessee, in the spring of 1861.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ The commemoration of the American Civil War is based on the memories of the Civil War that Americans have shaped according to their political, social and cultural circumstances and needs, starting with the Gettysburg Address and the dedication of the Gettysburg cemetery in 1863.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Confederates, both veterans and women, were especially active in forging the myth of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Most of the war dead are buried at Arlington National Cemetery and other national cemeteries near the battle zones.", "Commemoration of the American Civil War __knowledge__ Memorial Day (or \"Decoration Day\") originated shortly after the American Civil War to commemorate the Union and Confederate soldiers who died in the Civil War.", "Authenticity (reenactment) __knowledge__ In historical reenactment, authenticity (sometimes referred to as the A-factor or simply A) is a measure of how close an item, prop, action, weapon, or custom is to what would actually have been used or done in the time period being depicted.", "Authenticity (reenactment) __knowledge__ For example, in most northern European medieval reenactment cotton is an \"inauthentic\" material—as opposed to wool or linen—though it would be \"authentic\" in more modern periods and events, such as American Civil War reenactment or World War II reenactment.", "Authenticity (reenactment) __knowledge__ Likewise, pop culture references and talking about modern events or objects (e.g., wrist watches, mobile phones, or President Barack Obama) is inauthentic.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ The history of Poles in the United States dates to the American Colonial era.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Poles have lived in present-day United States territories for over 400 years—since 1608.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ There are 10 million Americans of Polish descent in the U.S. today, making it the largest diaspora of Poles in the world.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Polish Americans have always been the largest group of Slavic origin in the United States.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Historians divide Polish American immigration into three \"waves\", the largest from 1870 to 1914, a second after World War II, and a third after Poland's independence in 1989.", "History of the Poles in the United States __knowledge__ Most Polish Americans are descended from the first wave, when millions of Poles fled Polish districts of Germany, Russia, and Austria." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ American Civil War reenactment is an effort to recreate the appearance of a particular battle or other event associated with the American Civil War by hobbyists known (in the United States) as Civil War reenactors, or living historians.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Although most common in the United States, there are also American Civil War reenactors in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, and Poland.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting the American Civil War began even before the real fighting had ended.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Civil War veterans recreated battles as a way to remember their fallen comrades and to teach others what the war was all about.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ The Great Reunion of 1913, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, was attended by more than 50,000 Union and Confederate veterans, and included reenactments of elements of the battle, including Pickett's Charge.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Modern reenacting is thought to have begun during the 1961–1965 Civil War Centennial commemorations.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ Reenacting grew in popularity during the 1980s and 1990s, due in large part to the success of the 125th Anniversary reenactment near the original Manassas battlefield, which was attended by more than 6,000 reenactors.", "American Civil War reenactment __knowledge__ That year, \"Time\" magazine estimated there were more than 50,000 reenactors in the U.S.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "Federal Marriage Amendment __knowledge__ The Federal Marriage Amendment (FMA) (also referred to by proponents as the Marriage Protection Amendment) is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution which would define marriage in the United States as a union of one man and one woman.", "Federal Marriage Amendment __knowledge__ The FMA would also prevent judicial extension of marriage rights to same-sex or other unmarried heterosexual couples.", "Federal Marriage Amendment __knowledge__ An amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires the support of two thirds of each house of Congress and ratification by three fourths of the states.", "Federal Marriage Amendment __knowledge__ The last Congressional vote on the proposed Amendment occurred in the United States House of Representatives on July 18, 2006, when the Amendment failed 236 to 187, falling short of the 290 votes required for passage in that body.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ \"Digimon Adventure\" and \"Digimon Adventure 02\" are the first two seasons of the Digimon anime series.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ \"Digimon Adventure\" originally aired from March 7, 1999 – March 26, 2000 whilst \"Digimon Adventure 02\" originally aired from April 2, 2000 – March 25, 2001 as a direct sequel to the preceding series.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ Both series feature a variety of different characters but mostly centre upon \"The DigiDestined\", a group of children and their partner Digimon who have been chosen to protect the Digital World from various forces of evil.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ A sequel 6-part movie series titled \"Digimon Adventure tri.\"", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ started airing in November 2015. are a group of children and their partner Digimon who have been chosen to protect the Digital World from various forces of evil.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ 1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The story is based on the events surrounding the signing of the Declaration of Independence.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It dramatizes the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and to sign the document.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It premiered on Broadway in 1969, earning warm reviews, and ran for 1,217 performances.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The production was nominated for five Tony Awards and won three, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1972 it was made into a film adaptation.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It was revived on Broadway in 1997.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1925, Rodgers and Hart had written a musical about the American Revolution, called \"Dearest Enemy\".", "Twistor theory __knowledge__ Twistor theory was proposed by Roger Penrose in 1967 as a possible path to quantum gravity and has evolved into a branch of theoretical and mathematical physics.", "Twistor theory __knowledge__ Penrose proposed that twistor space should be the basic arena for physics from which space-time itself should emerge.", "Twistor theory __knowledge__ It leads to a powerful set of mathematical tools that have applications to differential and integral geometry, nonlinear differential equations and representation theory and in physics to relativity and quantum field theory, in particular to scattering amplitudes.", "Twistor theory __knowledge__ Mathematically, projective twistor space formula_1 is a three-dimensional complex manifold, complex projective 3-space formula_2.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The Shire of Yea was a local government area about northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1869 until 1994.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire's population was dominated by the town of Yea.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Yea was first incorporated as a road district on 1 February 1869, and became a shire on 28 November 1873.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Its boundaries changed a number of times throughout its existence: The Shire was described in the 1949 Australian Blue Book as an elevated area given to pastoral and dairying pursuits, along with sheep and cattle grazing.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ By 1994, 51% of Yea's land was under cultivation as farmland, with the Kinglake National Park and Yea River Regional Park as well as the Murrindindi Forest, the latter being important to Yea's economy for timber production, accounting for much of the rest.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Historical reenactment (or re-enactment) is an educational or entertainment activity in which people follow a plan to recreate aspects of a historical event or period.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ This may be as narrow as a specific moment from a battle, such as the reenactment of Pickett's Charge presented during the Great Reunion of 1913, or as broad as an entire period, such as Regency reenactment or The 1920s Berlin Project.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ Activities related to \"reenactment\" have a long history.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ The Romans staged recreations of famous battles within their amphitheaters as a form of public spectacle.", "Historical reenactment __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, tournaments often reenacted historical themes from Ancient Rome or elsewhere.", "Reunion Society of Vermont Officers __knowledge__ The Reunion Society of Vermont Officers was an organization of American Civil War veterans.", "Reunion Society of Vermont Officers __knowledge__ The Society was founded in 1864 by Union veterans from Vermont.", "Reunion Society of Vermont Officers __knowledge__ Its original organizers included Redfield Proctor, George G. Benedict, and Wheelock G. Veazey.", "Reunion Society of Vermont Officers __knowledge__ Membership was open to Union officer and noncommissioned officer veterans of the United States Army and Navy from Vermont and Union veterans who were natives of Vermont.", "Reunion Society of Vermont Officers __knowledge__ According to its constitution, the Reunion Society of Vermont Officers was founded to: create and sustain fraternal ties among Civil War veterans; record recollections of fallen comrades; recall and memorialize the events of the war; and remember and promote to succeeding generations the ideals of liberty and national honor which prompted members to fight in the Civil War.", "Gulf War syndrome __knowledge__ Gulf War syndrome (GWS), also known as Gulf War illnesses (GWI) and chronic multisymptom illness (CMI), is a chronic and multisymptomatic disorder affecting returning military veterans and civilian workers of the 1990–91 Gulf War.", "Gulf War syndrome __knowledge__ A wide range of acute and chronic symptoms have been linked to it, including fatigue, muscle pain, cognitive problems, rashes and diarrhea.", "Gulf War syndrome __knowledge__ Approximately 250,000 of the 697,000 U.S. veterans who served in the 1991 Gulf War are afflicted with enduring chronic multi-symptom illness, a condition with serious consequences.", "Gulf War syndrome __knowledge__ From 1995 to 2005, the health of combat veterans worsened in comparison with nondeployed veterans, with the onset of more new chronic diseases, functional impairment, repeated clinic visits and hospitalizations, chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness, posttraumatic stress disorder, and greater persistence of adverse health incidents.", "Campaign of the North China Plain Pocket __knowledge__ The Campaign of the North China Plain Pocket, also called the Breakout on the Central Plains (Zhongyuan Tuwei, 中原突围) by the Communist Party of China, was a series of battles fought between the nationalists and the communists during the Chinese Civil War, resulting in a successful communist breakout from the nationalist encirclement.", "Campaign of the North China Plain Pocket __knowledge__ The campaign marked the beginning of the full-scale civil war fought between the communists and the nationalists in the post-World War II era.", "Campaign of the North China Plain Pocket __knowledge__ The communist victory was largely attributed to their ability to surprise the nationalists with movements and avoid battle in locations with overwhelming Nationalist forces.", "Anzac Avenue Memorial Trees __knowledge__ Anzac Avenue Memorial Trees is a heritage-listed memorial at Anzac Avenue, Beerburrum, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia.", "Anzac Avenue Memorial Trees __knowledge__ It was built in 1920.", "Anzac Avenue Memorial Trees __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 16 October 2008.", "Anzac Avenue Memorial Trees __knowledge__ Memorial Trees were planted in the main street of the Beerburrum Soldier Settlement in 1920 and the street renamed Anzac Avenue in honour of the fallen comrades of the soldier settlers.", "Anzac Avenue Memorial Trees __knowledge__ This occurred in conjunction with the widening and metalling of the roadway due to building development on the southern side of the street.", "Anzac Avenue Memorial Trees __knowledge__ As early as 1915 the Queensland government was looking for vacant land suitable for settlement by returned soldiers.", "Grand Army of the Republic __knowledge__ The Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) was a fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army (United States Army), Union Navy (U.S. Navy), Marines and the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service who served in the American Civil War for the Northern/Federal forces.", "Grand Army of the Republic __knowledge__ Founded in 1866 in Decatur, Illinois, and growing to include hundreds of posts (local community units) across the nation (predominately in the North, but also a few in the South and West), it was dissolved in 1956 at the death of its last member, Albert Woolson (1850–1956) of Duluth, Minnesota.", "Grand Army of the Republic __knowledge__ Linking men through their experience of the war, the G.A.R." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 6 ]

[ "It is really cool, American Civil War reenactment is an effort to recreate the appearance of a particular battle", "Well I have heard that Although most common in the United States, there are also American Civil War reenactors in Canada", "It really is Civil War veterans recreated battles as a way to remember their fallen comrades", "If I recall Modern reenacting is thought to have begun during the 1961–1965" ]

[ "American Civil War reenactment", "American Civil War reenactment", "American Civil War reenactment", "American Civil War reenactment" ]

[ "Violin", "I don't. The only string instruments I have ever tried are guitar and ukulele.", "Is that played with a pick or strummed with the fingers?", "What's the effect on the sound of the double strings?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music.", "String instrument __knowledge__ String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.", "String instrument __knowledge__ Musicians play some string instruments by plucking the strings with their fingers or a plectrum—and others by hitting the strings with a light wooden hammer or by rubbing the strings with a bow.", "String instrument __knowledge__ In some keyboard instruments, such as the harpsichord , the musician presses a key that plucks the string.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With bowed instruments, the player rubs the strings with a horsehair bow, causing them to vibrate.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With a hurdy-gurdy, the musician operates a mechanical wheel that rubs the strings.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ The music of Hawaii includes an array of traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii's musical contributions to the music of the United States are out of proportion to the state's small size.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ Styles like slack-key guitar are well-known worldwide, while Hawaiian-tinged music is a frequent part of Hollywood soundtracks.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii also made a contribution to country music with the introduction of the steel guitar.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ In addition, the music which began to be played by Puerto Ricans in Hawaii in the early 1900s is called cachi cachi music, on the islands of Hawaii.", "Ukulele __knowledge__ The ukulele ( , from (oo-koo-leh-leh); variant: ukelele) is a member of the lute family of instruments.", "Ukulele __knowledge__ It generally employs four nylon or gut strings or four courses of strings.", "Ukulele __knowledge__ Some strings may be paired in courses, giving the instrument a total of six or eight strings.", "Ukulele __knowledge__ The ukulele originated in the 19th century as a Hawaiian adaptation of the Portuguese machete, a small guitar-like instrument, which was introduced to Hawaii by Portuguese immigrants, mainly from Madeira and the Azores.", "Ukulele __knowledge__ It gained great popularity elsewhere in the United States during the early 20th century and from there spread internationally.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Seven-string guitar __knowledge__ The seven-string guitar adds one additional string to the more common six-string guitar, commonly used to extend the bass range (usually a low B) or also to extend the treble range.", "Seven-string guitar __knowledge__ The additional string is added in one of two different ways: by increasing the width of the fingerboard such that the additional string may be fretted by the left hand; or, by leaving the fingerboard unchanged and adding a \"floating\" bass string.", "Seven-string guitar __knowledge__ In the latter case, the extra bass string lies next to the existing bass strings, but free of the fingerboard in similar fashion as the archlute and theorbo.", "Seven-string guitar __knowledge__ Such unfrettable bass strings were historically known as diapasons or bourdons.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ American fiddle-playing began with the early settlers who found that the small \"viol\" family instruments were portable and rugged.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ According to Ron Yule, \"John Utie, a 1620 immigrant, settled in the North and is credited as being the first known fiddler on American soil\".", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Early influences were Irish fiddle styles as well as Scottish and the more refined traditions of classical violin playing.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Popular tunes included \"Soldier's Joy\", for which Robert Burns had written lyrics, and other such tunes as \"Flowers of Edinburgh\" and \"Tamlin,\" which were claimed by both Scottish and Irish lineages.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Soon these tunes were Americanized; local variations developed in the Northern and Southern colonies.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Pibroch, Piobaireachd or Ceòl Mòr is an art music genre associated primarily with the Scottish Highlands that is characterised by extended compositions with a melodic theme and elaborate formal variations.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Strictly meaning \"piping\" in Scottish Gaelic, \"piobaireachd\" has for some four centuries been music of the Great Highland Bagpipe.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Music of a similar nature, pre-dating the adoption on the Highland pipes, has historically been played on the wire-strung Gaelic harp (clarsach) and later on the Scottish fiddle, and this form is undergoing a revival.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ A more general term is \"ceol mor\" ( (reformed spelling); \"ceòl mór\" (unreformed spelling)), meaning the \"great music\", to distinguish this complex extended art-music from the more popular Scottish music such as dances, reels, marches and strathspeys, which are called ceòl beag or \"little music\".", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ A Hardanger fiddle (or in ) is a traditional stringed instrument used originally to play the music of Norway.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ In modern designs, this type of fiddle is very similar to the violin, though with eight or nine strings (rather than four as on a standard violin) and thinner wood.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ Four of the strings are strung and played like a violin, while the rest, aptly named understrings or sympathetic strings, resonate under the influence of the other four.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ The Hardingfele is used mainly in the southwest part of Norway, whereas the ordinary violin (called \"flatfele\" - 'flat fiddle' or \"vanlig fele\" - 'common fiddle') is found elsewhere.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ A fiddle is a bowed string musical instrument, most often a violin.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ It is also a colloquial term for the violin, used by players in all genres including classical music.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ Fiddle playing, or fiddling, refers to various styles of music.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ The fiddle is part of many traditional (folk) styles of music which are aural traditions, taught 'by ear' rather than via written music.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ There are few real distinctions between violins and fiddles, though more primitively constructed and smaller violins are more likely to be considered fiddles.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ Due to the style of the music played, fiddles may optionally be set up with a bridge with a flatter arch to reduce the range of right-arm motion needed for techniques such as the double shuffle, a form of bariolage involving rapid alternation between pairs of adjacent strings." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Banjo __knowledge__ The banjo is a four-, five- or six-stringed instrument with a thin membrane stretched over a frame or cavity as a resonator, called the head.", "Banjo __knowledge__ The membrane, or head, is typically made of plastic, although animal skin is still occasionally but rarely used, and the frame is typically circular.", "Banjo __knowledge__ Early forms of the instrument were fashioned by Africans in America, adapted from African instruments of similar design.", "Banjo __knowledge__ The banjo is frequently associated with country, folk, Irish traditional, and country music.", "Banjo __knowledge__ Historically, the banjo occupied a central place in African American traditional music, before becoming popular in the minstrel shows of the 19th century.", "Mexican vihuela __knowledge__ The Mexican vihuela is a guitar-like string instrument from 19th-century Mexico with five strings and typically played in mariachi groups.", "Mexican vihuela __knowledge__ Although the Mexican vihuela has the same name as the historic Spanish plucked string instrument, the two are distinct.", "Mexican vihuela __knowledge__ The Mexican vihuela has more in common with the Timple Canario (see: timple) due to both having five strings and both having vaulted (convex) backs.", "Mexican vihuela __knowledge__ The Mexican vihuela is tuned similarly to the guitar.", "Mexican vihuela __knowledge__ The difference is that the open G, the D and the A strings are tuned an octave higher than a guitar thus giving it a tenor sound or a higher pitch.", "Salad Fingers __knowledge__ Salad Fingers is a British flash animation internet series created by David Firth in July 2004.", "Salad Fingers __knowledge__ It gained rapid internet popularity, such that the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" ranked it among the \"Top 10\" pop culture phenomena for 2005.", "Salad Fingers __knowledge__ 10 Episodes (14 confirmed) have already been published on YouTube and Newgrounds.", "Salad Fingers __knowledge__ The cartoon revolves around the eponymous \"Salad Fingers\", a thin, green, mentally troubled being who inhabits a desolate world with three lifeless, scruffy finger puppets.", "Salad Fingers __knowledge__ The first seven episodes of \"Salad Fingers \"were shown back-to-back in Australia at the 2007 Sydney Underground Film Festival at the Factory Theatre, along with a variety of other animated short films, during the \"Re-Animation\" session.", "Appalachian dulcimer __knowledge__ The Appalachian dulcimer (many variant names; see below) is a fretted string instrument of the zither family, typically with three or four strings, originally played in the Appalachian region of the United States.", "Appalachian dulcimer __knowledge__ The body extends the length of the fingerboard, and its fretting is generally diatonic.", "Appalachian dulcimer __knowledge__ The Appalachian dulcimer has many variant names.", "Appalachian dulcimer __knowledge__ Most often it is simply called a dulcimer (also rendered as \"dulcimore\", \"dulcymore\", \"delcimer\", \"delcimore\", \"et al.\").", "Appalachian dulcimer __knowledge__ When it needs to be distinguished from the unrelated Hammered dulcimer, various adjectives are added (drawn from location, playing style, position, shape, etc.", "Pizzicato __knowledge__ Pizzicato (; , translated as \"pinched\", and sometimes roughly as \"plucked\") is a playing technique that involves plucking the strings of a string instrument.", "Pizzicato __knowledge__ The exact technique varies somewhat depending on the type of stringed instrument.", "Pizzicato __knowledge__ When a string is struck or plucked, as with pizzicato, sound waves are generated that do not belong to a harmonic series as when a string is bowed.", "Pizzicato __knowledge__ This complex timbre is called inharmonicity.", "Pizzicato __knowledge__ The inharmonicity of a string depends on its physical characteristics, such as tension, composition, diameter and length.", "Pizzicato __knowledge__ The inharmonicity disappears when strings are bowed because the bow's stick-slip action is periodic, so it drives all of the resonances of the string at exactly harmonic ratios, even if it has to drive them slightly off their natural frequency.", "Fingerstyle guitar __knowledge__ Fingerstyle guitar is the technique of playing the guitar by plucking the strings directly with the fingertips, fingernails, or picks attached to fingers, as opposed to flatpicking (plucking individual notes with a single plectrum, commonly called a \"pick\").", "Fingerstyle guitar __knowledge__ The term \"fingerstyle\" is something of a misnomer, since it is present in several different genres and styles of music—but mostly, because it involves a completely different technique, not just a \"style\" of playing, especially for the guitarist's picking/plucking hand.", "Fingerstyle guitar __knowledge__ The term is often used synonymously with fingerpicking, although fingerpicking can also refer to a specific tradition of folk, blues and country guitar playing in the US.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "Andy Irvine (musician) __knowledge__ Andrew Kennedy Irvine (born 14 June 1942), known as Andy Irvine, is a British-born Irish-based Folk musician, singer-songwriter, and a founding member of such popular bands as Sweeney's Men, Planxty, Patrick Street, Mozaik, LAPD and Usher's Island.", "Andy Irvine (musician) __knowledge__ He plays the mandolin, mandola, bouzouki, harmonica and hurdy-gurdy.", "Andy Irvine (musician) __knowledge__ Irvine has been influential in folk music for over five decades, during which he recorded a large repertoire of songs and tunes he assembled from books, old recordings and rooted in the Irish, English, Scottish, Eastern European, Australian and American old-time and folk traditions.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "Bluegrass mandolin __knowledge__ Bluegrass mandolin is a style of mandolin playing most commonly heard in bluegrass bands.", "Bluegrass mandolin __knowledge__ At the beginning of the twentieth century, mandolin orchestras were popular throughout North America.", "Bluegrass mandolin __knowledge__ Large numbers of mandolins were sold, particularly by the Gibson Guitar Company, which manufactured and promoted a new type of flat-backed mandolin.", "Bluegrass mandolin __knowledge__ After a time, the mandolin orchestra craze died out, but the mandolins remained.", "Bluegrass mandolin __knowledge__ In the southern United States, they began to be used in the performance of traditional mountain folk music.", "Bluegrass mandolin __knowledge__ At the end of the 1930s, a new musical genre which combined Scottish and Irish fiddle tunes, blues and African American banjo with traditional American songs began to develop.", "Pink Floyd __knowledge__ Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London in 1965.", "Pink Floyd __knowledge__ They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music.", "Pink Floyd __knowledge__ Distinguished by their use of philosophical lyrics, sonic experimentation, extended compositions and elaborate live shows, they are one of the most commercially successful and influential groups in popular music history.", "Pink Floyd __knowledge__ Pink Floyd were founded by students Syd Barrett on guitar and lead vocals, Nick Mason on drums, Roger Waters on bass and vocals, and Richard Wright on keyboards and vocals.", "Pink Floyd __knowledge__ They gained popularity performing in London's underground music scene during the late 1960s and under Barrett's leadership released two charting singles and a successful debut album, \"The Piper at the Gates of Dawn\" (1967).", "Bonepony __knowledge__ Bonepony is an American rock band, formed in the late 1980s by singer/songwriter Scott Johnson and guitarist Bryan Ward in the Baltimore, Maryland area.", "Bonepony __knowledge__ By all accounts, Bonepony began as a hard rock band, similar in style to Aerosmith.", "Bonepony __knowledge__ The band recorded a demo and toured sporadically.", "Bonepony __knowledge__ Scott Johnson was born Jerry Scott Johnson on October 28, 1966 in Mt.", "Bonepony __knowledge__ Pleasant, Texas, where he began singing in church and school choir as a child.", "Bonepony __knowledge__ He began writing songs at age 14 and joined his first band at age 18.", "Bonepony __knowledge__ Johnson eventually realized that, in order to make it in the music business, he would have to move away from Mt.", "John Paul Jones (musician) __knowledge__ John Richard Baldwin (born 3 January 1946), better known by his stage name John Paul Jones, is an English multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, composer, arranger and record producer.", "John Paul Jones (musician) __knowledge__ Prior to joining with his colleague Jimmy Page in 1968 to form a new band, Jones had established himself as an accomplished session man and musical arranger, enjoying significant respect from a variety of singers, songwriters, producers, and bands.", "John Paul Jones (musician) __knowledge__ However, Jones is best known as the bassist for that new band organized by Page, which included vocalist Robert Plant and drummer John Bonham, the English rock band Led Zeppelin." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The classical guitar (also known as concert guitar, classical acoustic, nylon-string guitar, or Spanish guitar) is the member of the guitar family used in classical music.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ It is an acoustical wooden guitar with strings made of nylon, rather than the metal strings used in acoustic and electric guitars.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The traditional classical guitar has twelve frets clear of the body and is held on the left leg, so that the hand that plucks or strums the strings does so near the back of the soundhole (this is called the classical position).", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The modern steel string guitar, on the other hand, usually has fourteen frets clear of the body (see Dreadnought) and is commonly played off the hip.", "Frontenis __knowledge__ Frontenis is a sport that is played in a 30 meters pelota court using racquets (a tennis racquet or a similar frontenis racquet) and rubber balls.", "Frontenis __knowledge__ It can be played in pairs or singles, but only pairs frontenis is played in international competitions.", "Frontenis __knowledge__ This sport was developed in Mexico around 1900, and is accredited as a Basque pelota speciality.", "Frontenis __knowledge__ In Frontenis, one player of the pair hits the ball with the racquet toward the front wall.", "Frontenis __knowledge__ The ball must strike the playable surface of the front wall and return to the playable area of the court.", "Frontenis __knowledge__ The opposing players must strike the ball before it bounces a second time on the floor of the court.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds.", "String (music) __knowledge__ A string is the vibrating element that produces sound in string instruments such as the guitar, harp, piano (piano wire), and members of the violin family.", "String (music) __knowledge__ Strings are lengths of a flexible material that a musical instrument holds under tension so that they can vibrate freely, but controllably.", "String (music) __knowledge__ Strings may be \"plain\", consisting only of a single material, like steel, nylon, or gut, or wound, having a \"core\" of one material and an overwinding of another.", "String (music) __knowledge__ This is to make the string vibrate at the desired pitch, while maintaining a low profile and sufficient flexibility for playability.", "String (music) __knowledge__ The invention of wound strings, such as nylon covered in wound metal, was a crucial step in string instrument technology, because a metal-wound string can produce a lower pitch than a catgut string of similar thickness.", "Piano __knowledge__ The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.", "Piano __knowledge__ It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.", "Piano __knowledge__ The word \"piano\" is a shortened form of \"pianoforte\", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from \"gravicembalo col piano e forte\" and \"fortepiano\".", "Piano __knowledge__ The Italian musical terms \"piano\" and \"forte\" indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.", "Guqin strings __knowledge__ The strings of the guqin Chinese zither are either made of silk, nylon or metal-nylon.", "Guqin strings __knowledge__ Until modern era, the guqin's strings were always made of various thicknesses of twisted silk 『絲/丝』, but since then most players use modern nylon-flatwound steel strings 『鋼絲/钢丝』.", "Guqin strings __knowledge__ This was partly due to the scarcity of high quality silk strings and partly due to the newer strings' greater durability and louder tone.", "Guqin strings __knowledge__ Silk strings are made by gathering a prescribed number of strands of silk thread, then twisting them tightly together.", "Guqin strings __knowledge__ The twisted cord of strings is then wrapped around a frame and immersed in a vat of liquid composed of a special mixture of natural glue (ingredients include Bletilla striata and isinglass) that binds the strands together.", "Guqin __knowledge__ The guqin (; ) is a plucked seven-string Chinese musical instrument of the zither family.", "Guqin __knowledge__ It has been played since ancient times, and has traditionally been favoured by scholars and literati as an instrument of great subtlety and refinement, as highlighted by the quote \"a gentleman does not part with his \"qin\" or \"se\" without good reason,\" as well as being associated with the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius.", "Guqin __knowledge__ It is sometimes referred to by the Chinese as \"the father of Chinese music\" or \"the instrument of the sages\".", "Guqin __knowledge__ The \"guqin\" is not to be confused with the \"guzheng\", another Chinese long zither also without frets, but with moveable bridges under each string.", "Violin technique __knowledge__ Playing the violin entails holding the instrument under the chin, supported by the left shoulder (see below for variations of this posture).", "Violin technique __knowledge__ The strings are sounded either by drawing the bow across them (\"arco\"), or by plucking them (\"pizzicato\").", "Violin technique __knowledge__ The left hand regulates the sounding length of the strings by stopping them against the fingerboard with the fingers, producing different notes.", "Violin technique __knowledge__ It is possible to play the violin holding it in a variety of ways.", "Violin technique __knowledge__ Most players hold the lower bout of the instrument between the left shoulder and the jaw, often assisted by a semi-permanently attached chinrest and detachable shoulder rest." ] ]

[ 1, 25, 44, 12 ]

[ "Do you play the violin? Also, the violin is also known as a fiddle.", "I wish I learned how to play the guitar The only thing I ever learned to play was a mandolin.", "It is strummed with the fingers. It has four sets of double metal strings.", "THey are strung in unison to a completion of perfect fifths." ]

[ "Violin", "Violin", "Violin", "Violin" ]

[ "Dance improvisation\nI just recently got into dance improvisation. It's a whole new world for me. I understand you know a thing or two about it? ", "It makes sense MJ was a dance improviser. He was so unique! How can you tell the difference between normal dance performers and improv dancers?", "Fascinating! Do Improv dancers have any techniques to guide their performance since they don't rely on strict choreography?", "Gotcha! What are some examples of other famous improv dancers? ", "Never heard of him before. What else is he known for? Has he invented a dance style or particular famous for a certain music genre dance performance?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dance improvisation is the process of spontaneously creating movement.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Development of improvised movement material is facilitated through a variety of creative explorations including body mapping through levels, shape and dynamics schema.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Improvisation is a free, seemingly unstructured, less technically strict and impulsive form that draws inspiration from everyday dance practices and influences.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ It is a movement technique that is capable of evoking dramatic and thought-provoking content just as well as more codified western dance techniques such as ballet and non-western movement forms.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dance improvisation is not only about creating \"new\" movement but is also defined as freeing the body from habitual movement patterns (see Postmodern dance and Judson Dance Theater).", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dancer and singer Michael Jackson combined improvisation in both of those definitions, insisting that he had interest in performing a dance to \"Billie Jean\" only if he could do it a new way each time.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ A lot of improvisation is focused on finding a deeper way of comprehending otherwise concealed thoughts or feelings of an individual.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Through the emphasis of instinctual, unpredictable, free movement that improvisation is centered upon the mover is able to explore authentic feelings and inspirations.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ Improvisation is creating or performing something spontaneously or making something from whatever is available.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ Improvisation, in the performing arts is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties, across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines; see Applied improvisation.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ Musical improvisation is the composition (and simultaneous playing) of music, without prior preparation.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ Improvisational comedy is a theatre art performed throughout the world and has had on-again, off-again status throughout history.", "Simone Forti __knowledge__ Simone Forti (born 1935), is an American Italian Postmodern artist, dancer, choreographer, and writer.", "Simone Forti __knowledge__ Since the 1950's, Forti has exhibited, performed, and taught workshops all over the world, including performances at the Louvre in Paris, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles.", "Simone Forti __knowledge__ Her innovations in Postmodern dance, including her seminal 1961 body of work, \"Dance Constructions\", along with her contribution to the early Fluxus movement, have influenced many notable artists, including dancer/artist Yvonne Rainer and the Judson Dance Theater in New York.", "Simone Forti __knowledge__ Forti first apprenticed with Anna Halprin in the 1950s and has since worked alongside artists and composers Nam June Paik, Steve Paxton, La Monte Young, Trisha Brown, Charlemagne Palestine, Peter Van Riper, Dan Graham, Yoshi Wada, and Robert Morris, among many others.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is seen by many as 'America's classical music'.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression.", "Jazz __knowledge__ It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation.", "Contact improvisation __knowledge__ Contact improvisation is a form of improvised dancing that has been developing internationally since 1972.", "Contact improvisation __knowledge__ Contact improvisation involves the exploration from one's body to the next by using the fundamentals of sharing weight, touch, being kinetically aware and finding a point of contact between you and your partner(s).", "Contact improvisation __knowledge__ American dancer and choreographer Steve Paxton had first conceived and presented this form of movement and has impacted how dancers and people view movement by a large factor.", "Contact improvisation __knowledge__ Paxton utilized his past training such as Aikido, a martial art form, to explore and push boundaries with his colleagues and students to develop a more profound way of moving with another being.", "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song) __knowledge__ \"Beauty and the Beast\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for the Disney animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991).", "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song) __knowledge__ The film's theme song, the Broadway-inspired ballad was first recorded by British-American actress Angela Lansbury in her role as the voice of the character Mrs. Potts, and essentially describes the relationship between its two main characters Belle and the Beast, specifically how the couple has learned to accept their differences and in turn change each other for the better.", "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song) __knowledge__ Additionally, the song's lyrics imply that the feeling of love is as timeless and ageless as a \"tale as old as time\".", "El Gran Show (season 1 of 2016) __knowledge__ Season one of the 2016 edition of \"El Gran Show\" premiered on April 30, 2017.", "El Gran Show (season 1 of 2016) __knowledge__ In this season returned the 11 golden palette and the lifeguard.", "El Gran Show (season 1 of 2016) __knowledge__ In addition, the VIP Jury returned, this time not co-opted by the public, but by a celebrity, which gave couples extra points.", "El Gran Show (season 1 of 2016) __knowledge__ This season was also the first to introduce a new segment called \"Partner Switch-Up\", where each of the celebrities had to leave their original partner and dance with a new professional dancer for a week (a segment similar to Dancing with the Stars used since season 18).", "El Gran Show (season 1 of 2016) __knowledge__ In this segment, the show presented \"same-sex dance\" for the first time." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dance improvisation is the process of spontaneously creating movement.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Development of improvised movement material is facilitated through a variety of creative explorations including body mapping through levels, shape and dynamics schema.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Improvisation is a free, seemingly unstructured, less technically strict and impulsive form that draws inspiration from everyday dance practices and influences.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ It is a movement technique that is capable of evoking dramatic and thought-provoking content just as well as more codified western dance techniques such as ballet and non-western movement forms.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dance improvisation is not only about creating \"new\" movement but is also defined as freeing the body from habitual movement patterns (see Postmodern dance and Judson Dance Theater).", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dancer and singer Michael Jackson combined improvisation in both of those definitions, insisting that he had interest in performing a dance to \"Billie Jean\" only if he could do it a new way each time.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ A lot of improvisation is focused on finding a deeper way of comprehending otherwise concealed thoughts or feelings of an individual.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Through the emphasis of instinctual, unpredictable, free movement that improvisation is centered upon the mover is able to explore authentic feelings and inspirations.", "Improvisational theatre __knowledge__ Improvisational theatre, often called improv or impro, is the form of theatre, often comedy, in which most or all of what is performed is unplanned or unscripted: created spontaneously by the performers.", "Improvisational theatre __knowledge__ In its purest form, the dialogue, action, story, and characters are created collaboratively by the players as the improvisation unfolds in present time, without use of an already prepared, written script.", "Improvisational theatre __knowledge__ Improvisational theatre exists in performance as a range of styles of improvisational comedy as well as some non-comedic theatrical performances.", "Improvisational theatre __knowledge__ It is sometimes used in film and television, both to develop characters and scripts and occasionally as part of the final product.", "Lion dance __knowledge__ Lion dance () is a form of traditional dance in Chinese culture and other Asian countries in which performers mimic a lion's movements in a lion costume to bring good luck and fortune.", "Lion dance __knowledge__ The lion dance is usually performed during the Chinese New Year and other Chinese traditional, cultural and religious festivals.", "Lion dance __knowledge__ It may also be performed at important occasions such as business opening events, special celebrations or wedding ceremonies, or may be used to honour special guests by the Chinese communities.", "Lion dance __knowledge__ The Chinese lion dance is sometimes mistakenly referred to as dragon dance by most first timers.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Bronislava Nijinska (; , \"Bronislava Fominichna Nizhinskaya\", ); ( — February 21, 1972) was a Polish ballet dancer, and an innovative choreographer.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ She came of age in a family of professional dancers.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Her career started in Sankt Peterburg, adventured to Paris, returned to Russia, then crested in France, and continued in Europe and the Americas.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Nijinska played a pioneering role in the movement that diverged from 19th-century classical ballet.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ The introduction of modern form and motion, and a minimalist narrative, set the stage for neoclassical works to come.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ After formal ballet training in Sankt Peterburg the Russian capital, she became an 'Artist of the Imperial Theatres' in 1908.", "Kathak __knowledge__ Kathak is one of the ten major forms of Indian classical dance.", "Kathak __knowledge__ The origin of Kathak is traditionally attributed to the traveling bards of ancient northern India known as Kathakars or storytellers.", "Kathak __knowledge__ The term Kathak is derived from the Vedic Sanskrit word \"Katha\" which means \"story\", and \"Kathaka\" which means \"he who tells a story\", or \"to do with stories\".", "Kathak __knowledge__ Wandering Kathakas communicated stories from the great epics and ancient mythology through dance, songs and music in a manner similar to early Greek theatre.", "Kathak __knowledge__ Kathak evolved during the Bhakti movement, particularly by incorporating the childhood and stories of the Hindu god Krishna, as well as independently in the courts of north Indian kingdoms.", "So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ So You Think You Can Dance is an American televised dance competition show that airs on Fox in the United States and is the flagship series of the international \"So You Think You Can Dance\" television franchise.", "So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ It was created by \"American Idol\" producers Simon Fuller and Nigel Lythgoe and is produced by 19 Entertainment, Dick Clark Productions, and Conrad Sewell Productions.", "So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The series premiered on July 20, 2005 with over ten million viewers and ended the summer season as the top-rated show on television.", "So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ The first season was hosted by American news personality Lauren Sánchez.", "So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. TV series) __knowledge__ Since the second season, it has been hosted by former British children's television personality and game show emcee Cat Deeley.", "Belly dance __knowledge__ Belly dance, also referred to as Arabic dance (, literally: \"oriental dancing\"), is an Arab expressive dance which originated in Egypt and that emphasizes complex movements of the torso.", "Belly dance __knowledge__ It has evolved to take many different forms depending on the country and region, both in costume and dance style.", "Belly dance __knowledge__ The term \"belly dance\" is a translation of the French term \"danse du ventre\", which was applied to the dance in the Victorian era, and referred to Egyptian and oriental female dances.", "Belly dance __knowledge__ In Arabic, the dance is known as \"Raqs Sharqi\" (\"Eastern Dance\") or as \"Raqs Baladi\" in Egyptian Arabic (\"Country Dance\" or \"Folk Dance\").", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ The Fracas!", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ Improv Festival (commonly known as Fracas!)", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ is a three-day (formerly a two-day) annual improvisational theatre festival held at The University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California.", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ The festival is hosted by Second Nature Improv, one of USC's improv troupes.", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ In addition to performances, the festival hosts discussion panels with professional improvisers currently working in television, film, and/or theatre, as well as improv workshops.", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ While the performances and panels are open to the public, workshops are available only to registered festival participants.", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ Fracas!", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ I (2004) The first Fracas!", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "History of painting __knowledge__ The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures.", "History of painting __knowledge__ It represents a continuous, though periodically disrupted, tradition from Antiquity.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Across cultures, and spanning continents and millennia, the history of painting is an ongoing river of creativity, that continues into the 21st century.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Developments in Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western painting, in general, a few centuries earlier.", "Disco __knowledge__ Disco is a musical style originating in the early 1970s.", "Disco __knowledge__ It began to emerge from America's urban nightlife scene, where it had been curtailed to house parties and makeshift discotheques from the middle of the decade onwards, after which, it began making regular mainstream appearances, gaining popularity and increasing airplay on radio.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its popularity was achieved sometime during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its initial audiences in the U.S. were club-goers, both male and female, from the African American, Italian American, Latino, and psychedelic communities in Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Multicultural education __knowledge__ Multicultural education is a set of strategies and materials in education that were developed to assist teachers when responding to the many issues created by the rapidly changing demographics of their students.", "Multicultural education __knowledge__ It provides students with knowledge about the histories, cultures, and contributions of diverse groups; it assumes that the future society is pluralistic.", "Multicultural education __knowledge__ It draws on insights from a number of different fields, including ethnic studies and women studies, but also reinterprets content from related academic disciplines.", "Multicultural education __knowledge__ Multicultural education, also viewed as a way of teaching, promotes principles such as inclusion, diversity, democracy, skill acquisition, inquiry, critical thought, value of perspectives, and self-reflection.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ Dubbed the \"King of Pop\", he was one of the most popular entertainers in the world, and was the best-selling music artist during the year of his death.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ Jackson's contributions to music, dance, and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ The eighth child of the Jackson family, Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5.", "Michael Jackson __knowledge__ He began his solo career in 1971 while at Motown Records." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dance improvisation is the process of spontaneously creating movement.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Development of improvised movement material is facilitated through a variety of creative explorations including body mapping through levels, shape and dynamics schema.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Improvisation is a free, seemingly unstructured, less technically strict and impulsive form that draws inspiration from everyday dance practices and influences.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ It is a movement technique that is capable of evoking dramatic and thought-provoking content just as well as more codified western dance techniques such as ballet and non-western movement forms.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dance improvisation is not only about creating \"new\" movement but is also defined as freeing the body from habitual movement patterns (see Postmodern dance and Judson Dance Theater).", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dancer and singer Michael Jackson combined improvisation in both of those definitions, insisting that he had interest in performing a dance to \"Billie Jean\" only if he could do it a new way each time.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ A lot of improvisation is focused on finding a deeper way of comprehending otherwise concealed thoughts or feelings of an individual.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Through the emphasis of instinctual, unpredictable, free movement that improvisation is centered upon the mover is able to explore authentic feelings and inspirations.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Bronislava Nijinska (; , \"Bronislava Fominichna Nizhinskaya\", ); ( — February 21, 1972) was a Polish ballet dancer, and an innovative choreographer.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ She came of age in a family of professional dancers.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Her career started in Sankt Peterburg, adventured to Paris, returned to Russia, then crested in France, and continued in Europe and the Americas.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Nijinska played a pioneering role in the movement that diverged from 19th-century classical ballet.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ The introduction of modern form and motion, and a minimalist narrative, set the stage for neoclassical works to come.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ After formal ballet training in Sankt Peterburg the Russian capital, she became an 'Artist of the Imperial Theatres' in 1908.", "Dance in Cameroon __knowledge__ Dance in Cameroon is an integral part of the tradition, religion, and socialising of the country's people.", "Dance in Cameroon __knowledge__ Cameroon has more than 200 traditional dances, each associated with a different event or situation.", "Dance in Cameroon __knowledge__ Colonial authorities and Christian missionaries discouraged native dances as threats to security and pagan holdovers.", "Dance in Cameroon __knowledge__ However, after Cameroon's independence, the government recognised traditional dance as part of the nation's culture and made moves to preserve it.", "Dance in Cameroon __knowledge__ Traditional dances follow strict choreography and segregate dancers based on age, occupation, sex, social status, and other factors.", "Irish stepdance __knowledge__ Irish stepdance is a style of performance dance with its roots in traditional Irish dance.", "Irish stepdance __knowledge__ It is generally characterized by a stiff upper body and quick and precise movements of the feet.", "Irish stepdance __knowledge__ It can be performed solo or in groups.", "Irish stepdance __knowledge__ Aside from public dance performances, there are also stepdance competitions all over the world.", "Irish stepdance __knowledge__ These competitions are often called Feiseanna (singular Feis).", "Irish stepdance __knowledge__ In Irish dance culture, a Feis is a traditional Gaelic arts and culture festival.", "Irish stepdance __knowledge__ Costumes are considered important for stage presence in competition and performance Irish stepdance.", "Irish stepdance __knowledge__ In many cases, costumes are sold at high prices and can even be custom made.", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ Tabitha A.", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ D'umo (née Cortopassi; born September 11, 1973) and Napoleon Buddy D'umo (born October 17, 1968), known together as Nappytabs, are Emmy Award-winning married choreographers who are often credited with developing \"lyrical\" hip-hop.", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ They are best known for their choreography on the television show \"So You Think You Can Dance\" and for being supervising choreographers and executive producers of \"America's Best Dance Crew\".", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ Since being with the former, their choreography has received both praise and criticism.", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ They own Nappytabs urban dancewear and have been working in the dance industry since 1996.", "Improvisational theatre __knowledge__ Improvisational theatre, often called improv or impro, is the form of theatre, often comedy, in which most or all of what is performed is unplanned or unscripted: created spontaneously by the performers.", "Improvisational theatre __knowledge__ In its purest form, the dialogue, action, story, and characters are created collaboratively by the players as the improvisation unfolds in present time, without use of an already prepared, written script.", "Improvisational theatre __knowledge__ Improvisational theatre exists in performance as a range of styles of improvisational comedy as well as some non-comedic theatrical performances.", "Improvisational theatre __knowledge__ It is sometimes used in film and television, both to develop characters and scripts and occasionally as part of the final product.", "Janet Jackson __knowledge__ Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and actress.", "Janet Jackson __knowledge__ Known for sonically innovative, socially conscious and sexually provocative records, and elaborate stage shows, she has been a prominent figure in popular culture for over thirty years.", "Janet Jackson __knowledge__ The youngest child of the Jackson family, she began her career with the variety television series \"The Jacksons\" in 1976 and went on to appear in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, including \"Good Times\" and \"Fame\".", "Janet Jackson __knowledge__ After signing a recording contract with A&M Records in 1982, she became a pop icon following the release of her third album \"Control\" (1986).", "Strip club __knowledge__ Strip clubs are venues where strippers provide adult entertainment, predominantly in the form of striptease or other erotic or exotic dances.", "Strip club __knowledge__ Strip clubs typically adopt a nightclub or bar style, and can also adopt a theatre or cabaret-style.", "Strip club __knowledge__ American-style strip clubs began to appear outside North America after World War II, arriving in Asia in the late 1940s and Europe in the 1950s, where they competed against the local English and French styles of striptease and erotic performances.", "Strip club __knowledge__ As of 2005, the size of the global strip club industry was estimated to be US$75 billion.", "Strip club __knowledge__ In 2002, the size of the U.S. strip club industry was estimated to be US$3.1 billion, generating 19% of the total gross revenue in legal adult entertainment.", "Dance __knowledge__ Dance is a performing art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement.", "Dance __knowledge__ This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture.", "Dance __knowledge__ Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by its historical period or place of origin.", "Dance __knowledge__ An important distinction is to be drawn between the contexts of theatrical and participatory dance, although these two categories are not always completely separate; both may have special functions, whether social, ceremonial, competitive, erotic, martial, or sacred/liturgical.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Simone Forti __knowledge__ Simone Forti (born 1935), is an American Italian Postmodern artist, dancer, choreographer, and writer.", "Simone Forti __knowledge__ Since the 1950's, Forti has exhibited, performed, and taught workshops all over the world, including performances at the Louvre in Paris, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles.", "Simone Forti __knowledge__ Her innovations in Postmodern dance, including her seminal 1961 body of work, \"Dance Constructions\", along with her contribution to the early Fluxus movement, have influenced many notable artists, including dancer/artist Yvonne Rainer and the Judson Dance Theater in New York.", "Simone Forti __knowledge__ Forti first apprenticed with Anna Halprin in the 1950s and has since worked alongside artists and composers Nam June Paik, Steve Paxton, La Monte Young, Trisha Brown, Charlemagne Palestine, Peter Van Riper, Dan Graham, Yoshi Wada, and Robert Morris, among many others." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dance improvisation is the process of spontaneously creating movement.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Development of improvised movement material is facilitated through a variety of creative explorations including body mapping through levels, shape and dynamics schema.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Improvisation is a free, seemingly unstructured, less technically strict and impulsive form that draws inspiration from everyday dance practices and influences.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ It is a movement technique that is capable of evoking dramatic and thought-provoking content just as well as more codified western dance techniques such as ballet and non-western movement forms.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dance improvisation is not only about creating \"new\" movement but is also defined as freeing the body from habitual movement patterns (see Postmodern dance and Judson Dance Theater).", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dancer and singer Michael Jackson combined improvisation in both of those definitions, insisting that he had interest in performing a dance to \"Billie Jean\" only if he could do it a new way each time.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ A lot of improvisation is focused on finding a deeper way of comprehending otherwise concealed thoughts or feelings of an individual.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Through the emphasis of instinctual, unpredictable, free movement that improvisation is centered upon the mover is able to explore authentic feelings and inspirations.", "Gotcha (video game) __knowledge__ Gotcha is an arcade game developed by Atari and released in October 1973.", "Gotcha (video game) __knowledge__ It was the fourth game by the company, after the 1972 \"Pong\", which marked the beginning of the commercial video game industry, and the 1973 \"Space Race\" and \"Pong Doubles\".", "Gotcha (video game) __knowledge__ In the game, two players move through a maze, which continually changes over time.", "Gotcha (video game) __knowledge__ One player, the Pursuer, attempts to catch the other, the Pursued; if they do, a point is scored, and the players reset positions.", "Gotcha (video game) __knowledge__ The game emits an electronic beeping sound, which increases in pace as the Pursuer gets closer to the Pursued, and each game lasts a set amount of time.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ Improvisation is creating or performing something spontaneously or making something from whatever is available.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ Improvisation, in the performing arts is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties, across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines; see Applied improvisation.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ Musical improvisation is the composition (and simultaneous playing) of music, without prior preparation.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ Improvisational comedy is a theatre art performed throughout the world and has had on-again, off-again status throughout history.", "Gotcha (song) __knowledge__ \"Gotcha\" is a song recorded by Australian singer and songwriter Jessica Mauboy for the soundtrack album \"The Sapphires\" to the 2012 musical film of the same name, in which Mauboy stars as Julie McCrae.", "Gotcha (song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Mauboy, Louis Schoorl and Ilan Kidron, and produced by The Schoolkids.", "Gotcha (song) __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from the soundtrack album on 13 July 2012.", "Gotcha (song) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Gotcha\" is an upbeat pop and swing dance song, which incorporates influences of motown and elements of 1960s music.", "Gotcha (song) __knowledge__ \"Gotcha\" garnered positive reviews from music critics, who praised its sound.", "Gotcha (song) __knowledge__ The song peaked at number 43 on the ARIA Singles Chart and number 11 on the ARIA Urban Singles Chart, and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA).", "Gotcha Day __knowledge__ \"Gotcha Day\" is a phrase that denotes the anniversary of the day on which a new member joins a family in the adoption process.", "Gotcha Day __knowledge__ It is sometimes also called \"Homecoming Day\",\"Family Day\", or \"Adoption Day\" - although the date can be different from date on which the legal adoption is made final.", "Gotcha Day __knowledge__ 'Gotcha Day' is often associated with annual rituals or celebrations, much like a birthday.", "Gotcha Day __knowledge__ There is contemporary debate that the tradition and especially the phrase \"gotcha\" is offensive to adoptees.", "Gotcha Day __knowledge__ The International Association Of Adopted People discourages the use of the term because of the recent history of kidnapping and forced adoptions.", "Gotcha Force __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with , one of the English versions of Gatchaman.\"", "Gotcha Force __knowledge__ Upon its initial release the game received mediocre reviews from critics and very little advertising.", "Gotcha Force __knowledge__ Due to these circumstances, it was not commercially successful, although it has gained a cult following with numerous high fan reviews.", "Gotcha Force __knowledge__ Capcom themselves seem to consider the game as one of their favorites, as the official Japanese website is stocked with concept art, videos, and screenshots of the developers messing around.", "Gotcha Force __knowledge__ There is also a toy and manga line in Japan though it is extremely rare.", "Gotcha Force __knowledge__ In March 2012, Capcom reprinted copies for the GameCube in Japan 9 years after its original release, which stirred talk of a possible future sequel to come.", "Gotcha! (band) __knowledge__ Gotch!", "Gotcha! (band) __knowledge__ is a Dutch Funk Band founded in 1989; their music, a mixture of sixties-trip-rock with funk and hip-hop, is influenced by George Clinton.", "Gotcha! (band) __knowledge__ Gotcha!", "Gotcha! (band) __knowledge__ took part in national band contest de Grote Prijs van Nederland; they settled for bronze but were offered a record-contract.", "Gotcha! (band) __knowledge__ In 1991 they released their debut album \"Words and Music from the Lowlands\" included the singles \"Da Ten Is Mightier Than the Sword\" and \"Mathilda the Wicked Witch\".", "Gotcha! (band) __knowledge__ In 1992 they previewed new tracks on a radio and TV concert with 17-year-old rapper Michael Parkinson of later Postmen-fame standing in for Ten.", "Gotcha! (band) __knowledge__ The studio-versions of \"Naked\", \"MTV-ling\" and \"Where Have You Been So Long\" appeared in 1993 on \"GOTCHA!", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ The Fracas!", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ Improv Festival (commonly known as Fracas!)", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ is a three-day (formerly a two-day) annual improvisational theatre festival held at The University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California.", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ The festival is hosted by Second Nature Improv, one of USC's improv troupes.", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ In addition to performances, the festival hosts discussion panels with professional improvisers currently working in television, film, and/or theatre, as well as improv workshops.", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ While the performances and panels are open to the public, workshops are available only to registered festival participants.", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ Fracas!", "Fracas! Improv Festival __knowledge__ I (2004) The first Fracas!", "Emotion __knowledge__ Emotion is any conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a certain degree of pleasure or displeasure.", "Emotion __knowledge__ Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition.", "Emotion __knowledge__ Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation.", "Emotion __knowledge__ In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion.", "Emotion __knowledge__ Those acting primarily on the emotions they are feeling may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events.", "Emotion __knowledge__ For example, the realization of our believing that we are in a dangerous situation and the subsequent arousal of our body's nervous system (rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of our feeling afraid.", "Emotional self-regulation __knowledge__ Emotional self-regulation or regulation of emotion is the ability to respond to the ongoing demands of experience with the range of emotions in a manner that is socially tolerable and sufficiently flexible to permit spontaneous reactions as well as the ability to delay spontaneous reactions as needed.", "Emotional self-regulation __knowledge__ It can also be defined as extrinsic and intrinsic processes responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotional reactions.", "Emotional self-regulation __knowledge__ Emotion self-regulation belongs to the broader set of emotion-regulation processes, which includes the regulation of one's own feelings and the regulation of other people's feelings.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services, including the consumer's emotional, mental and behavioural responses that precede or follow these activities.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour emerged in the 1940s and 50s as a distinct sub-discipline in the marketing area.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ Consumer behaviour is an inter-disciplinary social science that blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology, ethnography, marketing and economics, especially behavioural economics.", "Consumer behaviour __knowledge__ It examines how emotions, attitudes and preferences affect buying behaviour.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Affect (psychology) __knowledge__ Affect is a concept used in psychology to describe the experience of feeling or emotion.", "Affect (psychology) __knowledge__ The term affect (philosophy) takes on a different meaning in other fields.", "Affect (psychology) __knowledge__ In psychology, affect mediates an organism's interaction with stimuli.", "Affect (psychology) __knowledge__ The word also refers sometimes to affect display, which is \"a facial, vocal, or gestural behavior that serves as an indicator of affect\" (APA 2006).", "Affect (psychology) __knowledge__ The affective domain represents one of the three divisions described in modern psychology: the cognitive, the conative, and the affective.", "Affect (psychology) __knowledge__ Classically, these divisions have also been referred to as the \"ABC of psychology\", in that case using the terms \"affect\", \"behavior\", and \"cognition\".", "Borderline personality disorder __knowledge__ Borderline personality disorder (BPD), also known as emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD), is a long-term pattern of abnormal behavior characterized by unstable relationships with other people, unstable sense of self, and unstable emotions.", "Borderline personality disorder __knowledge__ There is frequent dangerous behavior and self-harm.", "Borderline personality disorder __knowledge__ People may also struggle with a feeling of emptiness and a fear of abandonment.", "Borderline personality disorder __knowledge__ Symptoms may be brought on by seemingly normal events.", "Borderline personality disorder __knowledge__ The behavior typically begins by early adulthood, and occurs across a variety of situations.", "Borderline personality disorder __knowledge__ Substance abuse, depression, and eating disorders are commonly associated with BPD.", "Affective neuroscience __knowledge__ Affective neuroscience is the study of the neural mechanisms of emotion.", "Affective neuroscience __knowledge__ This interdisciplinary field combines neuroscience with the psychological study of personality, emotion, and mood.", "Affective neuroscience __knowledge__ The existence of so-called 'basic emotions' and their defining attributes represents a long lasting and yet unsettled issue in psychology.", "Affective neuroscience __knowledge__ Emotions are thought to be related to activity in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us.", "Affective neuroscience __knowledge__ Pioneering work by Paul Broca (1878), James Papez (1937), and Paul D. MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the center of the brain called the limbic system, which includes the hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampi, and other structures." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dance improvisation is the process of spontaneously creating movement.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Development of improvised movement material is facilitated through a variety of creative explorations including body mapping through levels, shape and dynamics schema.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Improvisation is a free, seemingly unstructured, less technically strict and impulsive form that draws inspiration from everyday dance practices and influences.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ It is a movement technique that is capable of evoking dramatic and thought-provoking content just as well as more codified western dance techniques such as ballet and non-western movement forms.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dance improvisation is not only about creating \"new\" movement but is also defined as freeing the body from habitual movement patterns (see Postmodern dance and Judson Dance Theater).", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Dancer and singer Michael Jackson combined improvisation in both of those definitions, insisting that he had interest in performing a dance to \"Billie Jean\" only if he could do it a new way each time.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ A lot of improvisation is focused on finding a deeper way of comprehending otherwise concealed thoughts or feelings of an individual.", "Dance improvisation __knowledge__ Through the emphasis of instinctual, unpredictable, free movement that improvisation is centered upon the mover is able to explore authentic feelings and inspirations.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is seen by many as 'America's classical music'.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression.", "Jazz __knowledge__ It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation.", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The History of Hip-Hop dance encompasses the people and events since the late 1960s that have contributed to the development of the early hip-hop dance moves, such as uprock, breaking, locking, roboting, boogaloo, and popping.", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ Black Americans and Latino Americans created uprock and breaking in New York City.", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ Black Americans in California created locking, roboting, boogaloo, and popping—collectively referred to as the \"funk styles\".", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ All of these dance styles are different stylistically.", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ They share common ground in their street origins and in their improvisational nature.", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ More than 50 years old, hip-hop dance became widely known after the first professional street-based dance crews formed in the 1970s in the United States.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles primarily performed to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ It includes a wide range of styles primarily breaking which was created in the 1970s and made popular by dance crews in the United States.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The television show \"Soul Train\" and the 1980s films \"Breakin'\", \"Beat Street\", and \"Wild Style\" showcased these crews and dance styles in their early stages; therefore, giving hip-hop mainstream exposure.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The dance industry responded with a commercial, studio-based version of hip-hop—sometimes called \"new style\"—and a hip-hop influenced style of jazz dance called \"jazz-funk\".", "Appropriation (music) __knowledge__ In music, appropriation is the use of borrowed elements (aspects or techniques) in the creation of a new piece.", "Appropriation (music) __knowledge__ Appropriation may be thought of as one of the placement of elements in new context, as for Gino Stefani who \"makes appropriation the chief criterion for his 'popular' definition of melody (Stefani 1987a).", "Appropriation (music) __knowledge__ Melody, he argues, is music 'at hand'; it is that dimension which the common musical competence extracts (often with little respect for the integrity of the source), appropriates and uses for a variety of purposes: singing, whistling, dancing, and so on.\"", "Appropriation (music) __knowledge__ (Middleton, p. 96) Thus elements may be placed in a different form, placed with new elements, or varied.", "Disco __knowledge__ Disco is a musical style originating in the early 1970s.", "Disco __knowledge__ It began to emerge from America's urban nightlife scene, where it had been curtailed to house parties and makeshift discotheques from the middle of the decade onwards, after which, it began making regular mainstream appearances, gaining popularity and increasing airplay on radio.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its popularity was achieved sometime during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its initial audiences in the U.S. were club-goers, both male and female, from the African American, Italian American, Latino, and psychedelic communities in Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "Contact improvisation __knowledge__ Contact improvisation is a form of improvised dancing that has been developing internationally since 1972.", "Contact improvisation __knowledge__ Contact improvisation involves the exploration from one's body to the next by using the fundamentals of sharing weight, touch, being kinetically aware and finding a point of contact between you and your partner(s).", "Contact improvisation __knowledge__ American dancer and choreographer Steve Paxton had first conceived and presented this form of movement and has impacted how dancers and people view movement by a large factor.", "Contact improvisation __knowledge__ Paxton utilized his past training such as Aikido, a martial art form, to explore and push boundaries with his colleagues and students to develop a more profound way of moving with another being.", "Steve Paxton __knowledge__ Steve Paxton (born 1939 in Phoenix, Arizona) is an experimental dancer and choreographer.", "Steve Paxton __knowledge__ His early background was in gymnastics while his later training included three years with Merce Cunningham and a year with José Limón.", "Steve Paxton __knowledge__ As a founding member of the Judson Dance Theater, he performed works by Yvonne Rainer and Trisha Brown.", "Steve Paxton __knowledge__ He was a founding member of the experimental group Grand Union and in 1972 named and began to develop the dance form known as Contact Improvisation, a form of dance that utilizes the physical laws of friction, momentum, gravity, and inertia to explore the relationship between dancers.", "Simone Forti __knowledge__ Simone Forti (born 1935), is an American Italian Postmodern artist, dancer, choreographer, and writer.", "Simone Forti __knowledge__ Since the 1950's, Forti has exhibited, performed, and taught workshops all over the world, including performances at the Louvre in Paris, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles.", "Simone Forti __knowledge__ Her innovations in Postmodern dance, including her seminal 1961 body of work, \"Dance Constructions\", along with her contribution to the early Fluxus movement, have influenced many notable artists, including dancer/artist Yvonne Rainer and the Judson Dance Theater in New York.", "Simone Forti __knowledge__ Forti first apprenticed with Anna Halprin in the 1950s and has since worked alongside artists and composers Nam June Paik, Steve Paxton, La Monte Young, Trisha Brown, Charlemagne Palestine, Peter Van Riper, Dan Graham, Yoshi Wada, and Robert Morris, among many others.", "Somatics __knowledge__ Somatics is a field within bodywork and movement studies which emphasizes internal physical perception and experience.", "Somatics __knowledge__ The term is used in movement therapy to signify approaches based on the soma, or \"the body as perceived from within,\" including Alexander technique, the Feldenkrais Method, and Rolfing.", "Somatics __knowledge__ In dance, the term refers to techniques based on the dancer's internal sensation, in contrast with \"performative techniques,\" such as ballet or modern dance, which emphasize the external observation of movement by an audience.", "Somatics __knowledge__ Somatic techniques may be used in bodywork, psychotherapy, dance, or spiritual practices.", "Force __knowledge__ In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.", "Force __knowledge__ A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate.", "Force __knowledge__ Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull.", "Force __knowledge__ A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.", "Force __knowledge__ It is measured in the SI unit of newtons and represented by the symbol F. The original form of Newton's second law states that the net force acting upon an object is equal to the rate at which its momentum changes with time.", "Force __knowledge__ If the mass of the object is constant, this law implies that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object, is in the direction of the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object Concepts related to force include: thrust, which increases the velocity of an object; drag, which decreases the velocity of an object; and torque, which produces changes in rotational speed of an object.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ Improvisation is creating or performing something spontaneously or making something from whatever is available.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ Improvisation, in the performing arts is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties, across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines; see Applied improvisation.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ Musical improvisation is the composition (and simultaneous playing) of music, without prior preparation.", "Improvisation __knowledge__ Improvisational comedy is a theatre art performed throughout the world and has had on-again, off-again status throughout history." ] ]

[ 6, 3, 8, 0, 49 ]

[ "Improvisation is a free way to express yourself through dance. Artists like Michael Jackson are the epitome of dance improvisers and they love creating new forms of dance/expression. ", "Improv dancers always try to be unique each time they dance, so you won't see a lot of repetition. But normal performers follow rituals and strict choreography that they practice over and over. ", "Yes they often use feelings, mood, and emotion to guide them to certain movements and techniques. ", "Steve Paxton founded Contact Improvisation,[2] a form of dance that utilizes the physical laws of friction, momentum, gravity, and inertia to explore the relationship between dancers.", "Yes he was a founding member of Grand Union which was formed in 1972 as an experimental dance group." ]

[ "Dance improvisation", "Dance improvisation", "Dance improvisation", "Dance improvisation", "Dance improvisation" ]

[ "Basketball", "I love basketball too, it's great to watch and play!", "I haven't seen much 1v1 or 2v2, honestly." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.", "Magic Johnson __knowledge__ Earvin \"Magic\" Johnson Jr. (born August 14, 1959) is an American retired professional basketball player and current president of basketball operations of the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "Magic Johnson __knowledge__ He played point guard for the Lakers for 13 seasons.", "Magic Johnson __knowledge__ After winning championships in high school and college, Johnson was selected first overall in the 1979 NBA draft by the Lakers.", "Magic Johnson __knowledge__ He won a championship and an NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in his rookie season, and won four more championships with the Lakers during the 1980s.", "Magic Johnson __knowledge__ Johnson retired abruptly in 1991 after announcing that he had contracted HIV, but returned to play in the 1992 All-Star Game, winning the All-Star MVP Award.", "Love &amp; Basketball __knowledge__ Love & Basketball is a 2000 American romantic drama film starring Sanaa Lathan and Omar Epps.", "Love &amp; Basketball __knowledge__ The film tells the story of Quincy McCall (Epps) and Monica Wright (Lathan), two next-door neighbors in Los Angeles, California who are pursuing their basketball careers before eventually falling for each other.", "Love &amp; Basketball __knowledge__ The film was produced by 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks, and marks the directorial debut of screenwriter Gina Prince-Bythewood.", "Love &amp; Basketball __knowledge__ Monica (Sanaa Lathan) and Quincy (Omar Epps) have wanted to be professional basketball stars since they were kids.", "Love &amp; Basketball __knowledge__ Monica wanted to play for the Los Angeles Lakers and wear Magic Johnson's number 32, and Quincy wanted to be like his father and play for the Clippers, wearing number 22.", "R. Kelly __knowledge__ Robert Sylvester Kelly (born January 8, 1967), known professionally as R. Kelly, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and former professional basketball player.", "R. Kelly __knowledge__ A native of Chicago, Illinois, Kelly began performing during the late 1980s and debuted in 1992 with the group Public Announcement.", "R. Kelly __knowledge__ In 1993, Kelly went solo with the album \"12 Play\".", "R. Kelly __knowledge__ He is known for a collection of major hit singles including \"Bump N' Grind\", \"Your Body's Callin'\", \"I Believe I Can Fly\", \"Gotham City\", \"Ignition (Remix)\", \"If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time\", \"The World's Greatest\", \"I'm a Flirt (Remix)\", and the hip-hopera \"Trapped in the Closet\".", "Jamie Scott (One Tree Hill) __knowledge__ James Lucas Scott is a fictional character from the CW television series \"One Tree Hill\", portrayed by Jackson Brundage.", "Jamie Scott (One Tree Hill) __knowledge__ He is the son of Nathan and Haley James Scott and older brother of Lydia.", "Jamie Scott (One Tree Hill) __knowledge__ He was born on their graduation day at about the same time as his auntie, Lily Roe Scott.", "Jamie Scott (One Tree Hill) __knowledge__ He is named after his godfather and uncle, Lucas Scott, while Brooke Davis takes the role of his godmother.", "Jamie Scott (One Tree Hill) __knowledge__ All of Nathan and Haley's friends are close to Jamie and he sees them all as aunts and uncles.", "Jamie Scott (One Tree Hill) __knowledge__ Jamie has a great adoration of his father and aspires to be like him, which is something that often inspires Nathan to do his best.", "Jermaine Turner __knowledge__ Jermaine Turner (born July 29, 1974) is an American-Irish former professional basketball player who spent the majority of his 17-year career playing in the Irish Super League.", "Jermaine Turner __knowledge__ Turner first arrived in Ireland in 2000 following a season of college basketball with Dowling College.", "Jermaine Turner __knowledge__ Over 17 years, he spent time with Dungannon, Tralee, Ballina, Tolka Rovers, UCD Marian, St Vincent's, and Killester.", "Jermaine Turner __knowledge__ He also had stints in Switzerland, Finland, Romania and Spain.", "Jermaine Turner __knowledge__ Turner was instrumental in leading St Vincent's and Killester to championship glory during his time with both teams.", "Jermaine Turner __knowledge__ In 2006, Turner was named the Most Valuable Player of the finals weekend after leading St Vincent's to their first Superleague title since 1994.", "Killian Tillie __knowledge__ Killian Tillie (born March 5, 1998) is a French basketball player.", "Killian Tillie __knowledge__ He stands 6'9\" (206 cm) tall and plays forward.", "Killian Tillie __knowledge__ Tillie joined Gonzaga University beginning in the 2016-17 season.", "Killian Tillie __knowledge__ Tillie played basketball and volleyball until the age of 14, before choosing to focus on basketball.", "Killian Tillie __knowledge__ He started his basketball career in the youth setup at Cagnes Basket, when he was six years of age.", "Killian Tillie __knowledge__ He then moved to Stade Laurentin Basket, before joining the youth academy of Olympique d'Antibes in 2013.", "Killian Tillie __knowledge__ Prior to the 2014-15 season, he joined the INSEP academy.", "Killian Tillie __knowledge__ In January 2015, Tillie was highlighted by ESPN among five of the best international players in the 2015 and 2016 classes with aspirations to play college basketball.", "Jojo Lastimosa __knowledge__ Isabelo Lastimosa, Jr. (born March 10, 1964), better known as Jojo Lastimosa and by his nickname \"Jolas\", is a Filipino former professional basketball player from Cagayan de Oro City who played in the Philippine Basketball Association for the Purefoods Hotdogs, the Alaska Aces and the Pop Cola Panthers from 1988-2002.", "Jojo Lastimosa __knowledge__ He was also a former member of the Philippines' national basketball team during the 1980s and 1990s.", "Jojo Lastimosa __knowledge__ He also played for the University of San Jose - Recoletos in Cebu City.", "Jojo Lastimosa __knowledge__ He had a stint also in Ateneo de Manila.", "Jojo Lastimosa __knowledge__ Lastimosa was one of the eight rookies of the Blue Eagles basketball team of the Ateneo de Manila University in the UAAP 1981-82 season, After a two-stint with Ateneo, Jojo transferred school when he enrolled at the University of San Jose Recoletos, a school in Cebu City.", "Contact sport __knowledge__ Contact sports are sports that emphasize or require physical contact between players.", "Contact sport __knowledge__ Some sports, such as mixed martial arts, are scored on impacting an opponent, while others, including rugby football, require tackling of players.", "Contact sport __knowledge__ These sports are often known as full-contact, as the sport cannot be undertaken without contact.", "Contact sport __knowledge__ Other sports have contact, but such events are illegal under the rules of the game or are accidental and do not form part of the sport.", "Contact sport __knowledge__ The contact in contact sports can also include impact via a piece of sporting equipment, such as being struck by a hockey stick or football.", "Paper Mario: Sticker Star __knowledge__ Paper Mario: Sticker Star is a 2012 role-playing video game developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS console.", "Paper Mario: Sticker Star __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment of the \"Paper Mario\" series and is the first game in the series playable on a handheld console.", "Paper Mario: Sticker Star __knowledge__ The game was released in North America on November 11, 2012 and in December 2012 in Japan, Europe, and Australia.", "Paper Mario: Sticker Star __knowledge__ Unlike the previous \"Paper Mario\" games, \"Sticker Star\" uses a papercraft visual style, which is heavily incorporated into its gameplay mechanics.", "Paper Mario: Sticker Star __knowledge__ \"Sticker Star\" introduces the use of stickers, which are littered throughout the game world and are used as items or power-ups, aiding the player in turn-based battles against enemies or in solving puzzles.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The United Kingdom has given birth to a range of major international sports including: association football, rugby (union and league), cricket, netball, darts, golf, tennis, table tennis, badminton, squash, bowls, modern rowing, hockey, boxing, snooker, billiards, and curling.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ This has meant that in the infancy of many sports, England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland formed among the earliest separate governing bodies, national teams and domestic league competitions.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ After 1922 some sports formed separate bodies for Northern Ireland though some continued to be organised on an all-Ireland basis.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In a small number of sports, these teams are supplemented by high-profile events featuring a combined team representing one or more nations.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually consisting of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and the United States.", "Ice hockey __knowledge__ Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, and enjoys immense popularity; alongside Canada, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations.", "Concussions in sport __knowledge__ Concussions, a type of traumatic brain injury, are a frequent concern for those playing sports, from children and teenagers to professional athletes.", "Concussions in sport __knowledge__ Repeated concussions are a known cause of various neurological disorders, most notably chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which in professional athletes has led to premature retirement, erratic behavior and even suicide.", "Concussions in sport __knowledge__ Because concussions cannot be seen on X-rays or CT scans, attempts to prevent concussions have been difficult.", "Concussions in sport __knowledge__ A concussion is defined as a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic forces.", "Concussions in sport __knowledge__ Concussion may be caused either by a direct blow to the head, face, neck or elsewhere on the body with an \"impulsive\" force transmitted to the head." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.", "QuakeCon __knowledge__ QuakeCon is a yearly convention held by ZeniMax Media to celebrate and promote the major franchises of id Software and other studios owned by ZeniMax.", "QuakeCon __knowledge__ It includes a large, paid, bring-your-own-computer (BYOC) computer gaming event with a competitive tournament held every year in Dallas, Texas, USA.", "QuakeCon __knowledge__ The event, which is named after id Software's game \"Quake\", sees thousands of gamers from all over the world attend every year to celebrate the company's gaming dynasty.", "QuakeCon __knowledge__ The event is highly dependent on volunteers to cover many aspects of the organization of the event.", "QuakeCon __knowledge__ QuakeCon has historically had a reputation as the \"Woodstock of gaming\", and a week of \"peace, love, and rockets!\".", "Brawlhalla __knowledge__ Brawlhalla is a free-to-play fighting game developed and published by Blue Mammoth Games for Microsoft Windows, macOS, and PlayStation 4.", "Brawlhalla __knowledge__ The game was first shown at PAX East in April 2014, and went into alpha later that month.", "Brawlhalla __knowledge__ An open beta was released in November 2015, the game was released in October 2017.", "Brawlhalla __knowledge__ In all of \"Brawlhalla\"'s gamemodes, the goal is to knock one's opponent off the stage, comparable to \"Super Smash Bros.\" This can be done by applying damage on them repeatedly.", "Brawlhalla __knowledge__ Damage can be seen on the color display around the opponent's character icon, which goes from white to red as the player continues to get hit.", "Command &amp; Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars __knowledge__ Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars is a military science fiction real-time strategy video game developed and published by Electronic Arts for the Windows, Mac OS X and Xbox 360 platforms, and released internationally in March 2007.", "Command &amp; Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars __knowledge__ The direct sequel to 1999's \"\" by Westwood Studios which was taken over and liquidated by EA in 2003, \"Tiberium Wars\" returns the \"Command & Conquer\" series to its roots in the of the franchise, again featuring the factions of the Global Defense Initiative and the Brotherhood of Nod, and also introducing a new extraterrestrial faction known as the Scrin.", "Command &amp; Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars __knowledge__ An expansion pack to \"Tiberium Wars\", titled \"\", was released on March 24, 2008.", "AirMech __knowledge__ AirMech is a free-to-play multiplayer online battle arena video game developed and published by Carbon Games for Microsoft Windows, with Android and VR version in the works.", "AirMech __knowledge__ The game is currently in open beta on Windows, and additionally released a version on the Xbox 360, Xbox One and PlayStation 4 under the name AirMech Arena.", "AirMech __knowledge__ Inspired by Technosoft's popular \"Herzog Zwei\" for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis, \"AirMech\" puts the player in similar perspective of a giant transforming robot that can fly above the battle as well as land on the ground to aid units.", "AirMech __knowledge__ The game revolves around the player controlling their AirMech directly and then building units to assist in achieving whatever the goal of the game mode is.", "Age of Empires Online __knowledge__ Age of Empires Online is a multiplayer online real-time strategy game developed by Robot Entertainment and Gas Powered Games, which released on August 16, 2011.", "Age of Empires Online __knowledge__ Based upon the gameplay of the \"Age of Empires\" series, it was originally developed by Robot Entertainment, but on February 24, 2011, Gas Powered Games, the creators of \"Supreme Commander\", took over production.", "Age of Empires Online __knowledge__ The game was published by Microsoft.", "Age of Empires Online __knowledge__ The game was free-to-play—it was free for users to play, though premium content could be earned or purchased, such as access to special items and blueprints, and more quests and features.", "Age of Empires Online __knowledge__ On March 27, 2012, the game premiered on Steam after a major overhaul patch which addressed complaints of an \"MMO-like grind\" and many other features, along with the debut of the Celtic civilization.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk (\"Buteo jamaicensis\") is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America, from the interior of Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ It is one of the most common members within the genus of \"Buteo\" in North America or worldwide.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk is one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the \"chickenhawk,\" though it rarely preys on standard-sized chickens.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The bird is sometimes also referred to as the red-tail for short, when the meaning is clear in context.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ Red-tailed hawks can acclimate to all the biomes within their range, occurring on the edges of non-ideal habitats such as dense forests and sandy deserts.", "River Torne __knowledge__ The River Torne is a river in the north of England, which flows through the counties of South Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire.", "River Torne __knowledge__ It rises at the Upper Lake at Sandbeck Hall, in Maltby in South Yorkshire, and empties into the River Trent at Keadby pumping station.", "River Torne __knowledge__ Much of the channel is engineered, as it plays a significant role in the drainage of Hatfield Chase, which it crosses.", "River Torne __knowledge__ The first major change occurred around 1628, when the drainage engineer Cornelius Vermuyden cut a new channel for the river across the Isle of Axholme, and built a sluice at Althorpe where it entered the River Trent.", "River Torne __knowledge__ Nearly 90 years of civil unrest followed, before the issues of flooding were finally resolved.", "List of eSports games __knowledge__ Esports: video games which are played in professional competitions, usually fall into a few major genres.", "List of eSports games __knowledge__ The majority of eSports titles are fighting games, first-person shooters (FPS), real-time strategy (RTS), or multiplayer online battle arena games (MOBA), with the MOBA genre being the most popular in terms of participation and viewership.", "List of eSports games __knowledge__ The following is a selection of games which currently have or had a professional scene, sorted by genre and ordered roughly chronologically.", "List of eSports games __knowledge__ Fighting games were among the earliest games to be in tournaments, with the founding of what would become the Evolution Championship Series in 1999.", "Elo rating system __knowledge__ The Elo rating system is a method for calculating the relative skill levels of players in zero-sum games such as chess.", "Elo rating system __knowledge__ It is named after its creator Arpad Elo, a Hungarian-born American physics professor.", "Elo rating system __knowledge__ The Elo system was originally invented as an improved chess rating system, but is also used as a rating system for multiplayer competition in a number of video games, association football, American football, basketball, Major League Baseball, \"Scrabble\", board games such as \"Diplomacy\" and other games.", "Elo rating system __knowledge__ The difference in the ratings between two players serves as a predictor of the outcome of a match." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 2 ]

[ "Basketball is such a fun and cool limited contact sport", "Its usually five players each side but 1v1 and 2v2 is common", "one on one and two on two is more of a causal style, five players each side is the typical one" ]

[ "Basketball", "Basketball", "Basketball" ]