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[ "##ly", "patterned", "like", "other", "mask", "##ray", "##s", ".", "bent", "##hic", "in", "nature", ",", "the", "plain", "mask", "##ray", "feeds", "mainly", "on", "car", "##ide", "##an", "shrimp", "and", "poly", "##cha", "##ete", "worms", ",", "and", "to", "a", "lesser", "extent", "on", "small", "bony", "fishes", ".", "it", "is", "vi", "##vi", "##par", "##ous", ",", "with", "females", "producing", "litter", "##s", "of", "one", "or", "two", "young", "that", "are", "no", "##uri", "##shed", "during", "ge", "##station", "via", "his", "##to", "##tro", "##ph", "(", "\"", "ut", "##erine", "milk", "\"", ")", ".", "this", "species", "lacks", "economic", "value", "but", "is", "caught", "incident", "##ally", "in", "bottom", "tr", "##aw", "##ls", ",", "which", "it", "is", "thought", "to", "be", "less", "able", "to", "withstand", "than", "other", "mask", "##ray", "##s", "due", "to", "its", "gr", "##ac", "##ile", "build", ".", "as", "it", "also", "has", "a", "limited", "distribution", "and", "low", "fe", "##cu" ]
100
##ly patterned like other maskrays. benthic in nature, the plain maskray feeds mainly on caridean shrimp and polychaete worms, and to a lesser extent on small bony fishes. it is viviparous, with females producing litters of one or two young that are nourished during gestation via histotroph ( " uterine milk " ). this species lacks economic value but is caught incidentally in bottom trawls, which it is thought to be less able to withstand than other maskrays due to its gracile build. as it also has a limited distribution and low fecu
828
[ "##ndi", "##ty", ",", "the", "international", "union", "for", "conservation", "of", "nature", "(", "iucn", ")", "has", "listed", "it", "as", "near", "threatened", ".", "=", "=", "taxonomy", "and", "ph", "##yl", "##ogen", "##y", "=", "=", "the", "first", "scientific", "description", "of", "the", "plain", "mask", "##ray", "was", "authored", "by", "commonwealth", "scientific", "and", "industrial", "research", "organisation", "(", "csi", "##ro", ")", "researcher", "peter", "last", "in", "a", "1987", "issue", "of", "memoirs", "of", "the", "national", "museum", "of", "victoria", ".", "the", "specific", "name", "ann", "##ota", "##tus", "comes", "from", "the", "latin", "an", "(", "\"", "not", "\"", ")", "and", "not", "##atus", "(", "\"", "marked", "\"", ")", ",", "and", "refers", "to", "the", "ray", "'", "s", "coloration", ".", "the", "ho", "##lot", "##ype", "is", "a", "male", "21", "@", ".", "@", "2", "cm", "(", "8", "@", ".", "@", "3", "in", ")", "across", ",", "caught", "off", "western" ]
101
##ndity, the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) has listed it as near threatened. = = taxonomy and phylogeny = = the first scientific description of the plain maskray was authored by commonwealth scientific and industrial research organisation ( csiro ) researcher peter last in a 1987 issue of memoirs of the national museum of victoria. the specific name annotatus comes from the latin an ( " not " ) and notatus ( " marked " ), and refers to the ray's coloration. the holotype is a male 21 @. @ 2 cm ( 8 @. @ 3 in ) across, caught off western
822
[ "australia", ";", "several", "para", "##type", "##s", "were", "also", "designated", ".", "last", "tentatively", "placed", "the", "species", "in", "the", "genus", "das", "##yat", "##is", ",", "noting", "that", "it", "belonged", "to", "the", "\"", "mask", "##ray", "\"", "species", "group", "that", "also", "included", "the", "blues", "##pot", "##ted", "sting", "##ray", "(", "then", "das", "##yat", "##is", "ku", "##hli", "##i", ")", ".", "in", "2008", ",", "last", "and", "william", "white", "elevated", "the", "ku", "##hli", "##i", "group", "to", "the", "rank", "of", "full", "genus", "as", "neo", "##try", "##gon", ",", "on", "the", "basis", "of", "morphological", "and", "molecular", "phylogenetic", "evidence", ".", "in", "a", "2012", "phylogenetic", "analysis", "based", "on", "mitochondrial", "and", "nuclear", "dna", ",", "the", "plain", "mask", "##ray", "and", "the", "ni", "##nga", "##lo", "##o", "mask", "##ray", "(", "n", ".", "ni", "##nga", "##lo", "##oe", "##nsis", ")", "were", "found", "to", "be", "the", "most", "basal", "members" ]
102
australia ; several paratypes were also designated. last tentatively placed the species in the genus dasyatis, noting that it belonged to the " maskray " species group that also included the bluespotted stingray ( then dasyatis kuhlii ). in 2008, last and william white elevated the kuhlii group to the rank of full genus as neotrygon, on the basis of morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence. in a 2012 phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear dna, the plain maskray and the ningaloo maskray ( n. ningalooensis ) were found to be the most basal members
807
[ "of", "neo", "##try", "##gon", ".", "the", "diver", "##gence", "of", "the", "n", ".", "ann", "##ota", "##ta", "lineage", "was", "estimated", "to", "have", "occurred", "~", "54", "ma", ".", "furthermore", ",", "the", "individuals", "sequence", "##d", "in", "the", "study", "sorted", "into", "two", "genetically", "distinct", "clade", "##s", ",", "suggesting", "that", "n", ".", "ann", "##ota", "##ta", "is", "a", "cryptic", "species", "complex", ".", "the", "two", "put", "##ative", "species", "were", "estimated", "to", "have", "diver", "##ged", "~", "4", "@", ".", "@", "9", "ma", ";", "the", "pre", "##ci", "##pit", "##ating", "event", "was", "likely", "the", "splitting", "of", "the", "ancestral", "population", "by", "coastline", "changes", ".", "=", "=", "description", "=", "=", "the", "pe", "##ctor", "##al", "fin", "disc", "of", "the", "plain", "mask", "##ray", "is", "thin", "and", "diamond", "@", "-", "@", "shaped", "with", "narrowly", "rounded", "outer", "corners", ",", "measuring", "1", "@", ".", "@", "1" ]
103
of neotrygon. the divergence of the n. annotata lineage was estimated to have occurred ~ 54 ma. furthermore, the individuals sequenced in the study sorted into two genetically distinct clades, suggesting that n. annotata is a cryptic species complex. the two putative species were estimated to have diverged ~ 4 @. @ 9 ma ; the precipitating event was likely the splitting of the ancestral population by coastline changes. = = description = = the pectoral fin disc of the plain maskray is thin and diamond @ - @ shaped with narrowly rounded outer corners, measuring 1 @. @ 1
780
[ "–", "1", "@", ".", "@", "3", "times", "longer", "than", "wide", ".", "the", "leading", "margins", "of", "the", "disc", "are", "gently", "con", "##cave", "and", "converge", "at", "a", "broad", "angle", "to", "the", "pointed", "tip", "of", "the", "snout", ".", "the", "small", "eyes", "are", "placed", "close", "together", ",", "and", "behind", "them", "are", "the", "sp", "##ira", "##cles", ".", "the", "nostrils", "are", "elongated", "and", "have", "a", "skirt", "@", "-", "@", "shaped", "flap", "of", "skin", "between", "them", ".", "the", "small", "mouth", "bears", "prominent", "fur", "##row", "##s", "at", "the", "corners", "and", "contains", "two", "slender", "pa", "##pi", "##lla", "##e", "on", "the", "floor", ".", "small", "pa", "##pi", "##lla", "##e", "are", "also", "found", "around", "the", "outside", "of", "the", "mouth", ".", "there", "are", "five", "pairs", "of", "gill", "slits", ".", "the", "pe", "##l", "##vic", "fins", "are", "fairly", "large", "and", "pointed", ".", "the" ]
104
– 1 @. @ 3 times longer than wide. the leading margins of the disc are gently concave and converge at a broad angle to the pointed tip of the snout. the small eyes are placed close together, and behind them are the spiracles. the nostrils are elongated and have a skirt @ - @ shaped flap of skin between them. the small mouth bears prominent furrows at the corners and contains two slender papillae on the floor. small papillae are also found around the outside of the mouth. there are five pairs of gill slits. the pelvic fins are fairly large and pointed. the
825
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105
tail is short, barely exceeding the length of the disc when intact, and has a broad and flattened base leading to usually two stinging spines. after the stings, the tail becomes slender and bears a long ventral fin fold and a much shorter, lower dorsal fin fold. most of the body lacks dermal denticles ; a midline row of 4 – 13 small, closely spaced thorns is present behind the spiracles, and another row of 0 – 4 thorns before the stings. the dorsal coloration is grayish green, becoming pinkish towards the disc margins ; there is a dark mask @ - @ like shape around the eyes and
825
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106
a pair of small dark blotches behind the spiracles. the tail behind the stings has alternating black and white bands of variable width, ending with black at the tip. the underside is plain white and the ventral fin fold is light grayish in color. this species grows to 24 cm ( 9 @. @ 4 in ) across and 45 cm ( 18 in ) long. = = distribution and habitat = = the plain maskray inhabits the continental shelf of northern australia from the wellesley islands in queensland to the bonaparte archipelago in western australia, including the gulf of carpentaria and the timor and arafura seas. there
822
[ "are", "un", "##su", "##bs", "##tan", "##tia", "##ted", "reports", "that", "its", "range", "extends", "to", "southern", "papua", "new", "guinea", ".", "it", "is", "the", "least", "common", "of", "the", "several", "mask", "##ray", "species", "native", "to", "the", "region", ".", "this", "species", "is", "a", "bottom", "@", "-", "@", "dwell", "##er", "that", "prefers", "habitats", "with", "fine", "sediment", ".", "it", "has", "been", "recorded", "from", "between", "12", "and", "62", "m", "(", "39", "and", "203", "ft", ")", "deep", ",", "and", "tends", "to", "be", "found", "farther", "away", "from", "shore", "than", "other", "mask", "##ray", "##s", "in", "its", "range", ".", "=", "=", "biology", "and", "ecology", "=", "=", "the", "plain", "mask", "##ray", "generally", "hunts", "at", "the", "surface", "of", "the", "bottom", "substrate", ",", "rather", "than", "digging", "for", "prey", ".", "its", "diet", "consists", "predominantly", "of", "car", "##ide", "##an", "shrimp", "and", "poly", "##cha", "##ete", "worms" ]
107
are unsubstantiated reports that its range extends to southern papua new guinea. it is the least common of the several maskray species native to the region. this species is a bottom @ - @ dweller that prefers habitats with fine sediment. it has been recorded from between 12 and 62 m ( 39 and 203 ft ) deep, and tends to be found farther away from shore than other maskrays in its range. = = biology and ecology = = the plain maskray generally hunts at the surface of the bottom substrate, rather than digging for prey. its diet consists predominantly of caridean shrimp and polychaete worms
791
[ ".", "small", "bony", "fishes", "are", "also", "eaten", ",", "along", "with", "the", "occasional", "pena", "##ei", "##d", "pr", "##aw", "##n", "or", "amp", "##hip", "##od", ".", "larger", "rays", "consume", "a", "greater", "variety", "of", "prey", "and", "relatively", "more", "poly", "##cha", "##ete", "worms", "when", "compared", "to", "smaller", "rays", ".", "this", "species", "is", "para", "##sit", "##ized", "by", "the", "tape", "##worm", "ac", "##ant", "##ho", "##bot", "##hri", "##um", "jones", "##i", ".", "like", "other", "sting", "##ray", "##s", ",", "the", "plain", "mask", "##ray", "is", "vi", "##vi", "##par", "##ous", "with", "the", "developing", "embryo", "##s", "sustained", "to", "term", "by", "his", "##to", "##tro", "##ph", "(", "\"", "ut", "##erine", "milk", "\"", ")", "produced", "by", "the", "mother", ".", "mature", "females", "have", "a", "single", "functional", "o", "##vary", "and", "ut", "##erus", ",", "on", "the", "left", ".", "litter", "size", "is", "one", "or", "two", ";", "the", "newborn" ]
108
. small bony fishes are also eaten, along with the occasional penaeid prawn or amphipod. larger rays consume a greater variety of prey and relatively more polychaete worms when compared to smaller rays. this species is parasitized by the tapeworm acanthobothrium jonesi. like other stingrays, the plain maskray is viviparous with the developing embryos sustained to term by histotroph ( " uterine milk " ) produced by the mother. mature females have a single functional ovary and uterus, on the left. litter size is one or two ; the newborn
828
[ "##s", "measure", "12", "–", "14", "cm", "(", "4", "@", ".", "@", "7", "–", "5", "@", ".", "@", "5", "in", ")", "across", ".", "males", "and", "females", "reach", "sexual", "maturity", "at", "disc", "width", "##s", "of", "20", "–", "21", "cm", "(", "7", "@", ".", "@", "9", "–", "8", "@", ".", "@", "3", "in", ")", "and", "18", "–", "19", "cm", "(", "7", "@", ".", "@", "1", "–", "7", "@", ".", "@", "5", "in", ")", "respectively", ".", "the", "maximum", "lifespan", "is", "estimated", "to", "be", "9", "years", "for", "males", "and", "13", "years", "for", "females", ".", "=", "=", "human", "interactions", "=", "=", "the", "main", "conservation", "threat", "to", "the", "plain", "mask", "##ray", "is", "incident", "##al", "capture", "by", "commercial", "bottom", "tr", "##aw", "##l", "fisheries", ".", "in", "the", "present", "day", ",", "this", "is", "mostly", "caused", "by", "australia", "'" ]
109
##s measure 12 – 14 cm ( 4 @. @ 7 – 5 @. @ 5 in ) across. males and females reach sexual maturity at disc widths of 20 – 21 cm ( 7 @. @ 9 – 8 @. @ 3 in ) and 18 – 19 cm ( 7 @. @ 1 – 7 @. @ 5 in ) respectively. the maximum lifespan is estimated to be 9 years for males and 13 years for females. = = human interactions = = the main conservation threat to the plain maskray is incidental capture by commercial bottom trawl fisheries. in the present day, this is mostly caused by australia '
828
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110
s northern prawn fishery, which operates throughout its range. although this species is discarded when caught, it is more delicate @ - @ bodied than other maskrays and is thus unlikely to survive encounters with trawling gear. historically, this species may also have been negatively affected by japanese, chinese, and taiwanese trawlers that fished intensively off northern australia from 1959 to 1990. these factors, coupled with the plain maskray's limited distribution and low reproductive rate, have resulted in its being assessed as near threatened by the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ). = 2011 – 12 columbus blue jackets season = the
794
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111
2011 – 12 columbus blue jackets season was the team's 12th season in the national hockey league ( nhl ). the blue jackets'record of 29 – 46 – 7 [ note 1 ] was the worst record in the nhl for 2011 – 12 and the first time in franchise history they finished in last place. it also marked the third straight year that they missed the playoffs. consequently, they had the best chance to receive the first overall selection in the 2012 nhl entry draft lottery, but lost out to the edmonton oilers and received the second pick instead. the blue jackets began the year with the worst start in franchise history and the worst by any
587
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team in an nhl season in 19 years. after an 11 – 25 – 5 start, head coach scott arniel was fired and replaced by assistant coach todd richards. the poor season prompted several personnel changes including the trade of all @ - @ star forward jeff carter, who was acquired with much fanfare during the off @ - @ season. with the prospect of another rebuild looming the blue jackets'captain and best player, rick nash, requested to be traded, though he would remain with the team for the entire season. the team was involved in a controversial loss to the los angeles kings, when the staples center clock appeared to freeze at
587
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113
1 @. @ 8 seconds allowing the kings time to score the tying goal, before winning in overtime. during the season columbus managed only two winning streaks of three or more games. one of which came towards the end of the year helping the blue jackets finish with 65 points, the third worst point total in franchise history. in the off @ - @ season the blue jackets'approach to building their team changed, moving from a team of young developing players into one with established players. the first deal general manager scott howson made was the acquisition of all @ - @ star forward jeff carter on june 23, 2011. the deal sent jaku
579
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114
##b voracek, columbus'first @ - @ round draft choice, the eighth overall, and their third @ - @ round pick in the 2011 draft to the philadelphia flyers in exchange for carter. the trade received a positive response in columbus from fans and management who felt they finally had a number one center to play alongside of their best player, rick nash. next, they traded for the negotiating rights of soon to be free agent james wisniewski. wisniewski scored a career high 51 points during the 2010 – 11 season, splitting time between the new york islanders and montreal canadiens. the point total was fifth @ - @
587
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115
highest in the league for defenseman scoring, tying tobias enstrom. the blue jackets came to terms with wisniewski, just an hour prior to the start of free agency, signing him to a six @ - @ year, $ 33 million deal. columbus also traded former first round draft pick nikita filatov to the ottawa senators for a third @ - @ round pick in the 2011 draft. filatov had failed to live up to expectations in columbus, playing in only 44 games over three seasons scoring six goals. prior to the start of the season, the blue jackets were questioned for not signing a veteran back @ - @
570
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116
up to starting goaltender steve mason, as the former calder memorial trophy winner had struggled in consecutive seasons. the blue jackets signed mark dekanich as the back @ - @ up who had only 50 minutes of nhl experience prior to the start of the season. columbus did sign a veteran curtis sanford to be their third string goaltender and to start for their american hockey league ( ahl ) affiliate, the springfield falcons. sanford had not played in the nhl since 2009. during training camp, dekanich suffered a high ankle sprain that was expected to keep him out of the line @ - @ up for a month. additionally, sanford suffered a groin
587
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117
injury, leaving allen york as the back @ - @ up. york had only played four professional games, all in the ahl, entering the season. = = regular season = = = = = october – december = = = after the first five games, all losses, jeff carter suffered a broken foot that kept him out of the line @ - @ up for 10 games. while carter was injured, the blue jackets continued to lose games. in the eighth game of the year, they had a chance to end the losing streak against the ottawa senators. columbus held a 3 – 2 lead with under a minute to play. jason spezza
571
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118
tied the game on a late power play, and with just 4 @. @ 7 seconds remaining, milan michalek notched the winning goal for the senators. the loss helped set a franchise record for futility with a 0 – 7 – 1 record to start a season. [ note 1 ] the losing streak came to an end three days later with a win over the detroit red wings. during the game, several milestones were reached. james wisniewski made his columbus debut, ryan johansen and john moore scored their first career nhl goals and grant clitsome had a career @ - @ high three assists. columbus was unable
830
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119
to create any momentum from the win, however, and continued to struggle, culminating in a 2 – 12 – 1 record, which was the worst start to an nhl season for any team in 19 years. with the team struggling, management attempted to " shake things up " by making some roster moves. the first move was the acquisition of center mark letestu from the pittsburgh penguins. next, they traded defenseman kris russell to the st. louis blues for nikita nikitin. as the clubs slow start continued, there were rumors that head coach scott arniel would be fired and replaced with ken hitchcock. hitchcock had previously coached the
587
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120
blue jackets to their only playoff appearance in club history and was still under contract with the franchise through to the end of the season. before any of these rumors came to fruition, the st. louis blues asked columbus for permission to hire hitchcock, which the blue jackets allowed. hitchcock began his blues coaching career with a 6 – 1 – 2 record in his first nine games, while columbus amassed a 6 – 13 – 3 record to start the season. during the same time frame as the hitchcock rumors, goaltender curtis sanford returned from his groin injury on november 13. he made his first start of the season against the boston bruins, losing 2 –
573
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121
1 in a shootout. sanford continued his strong play, posting a 3 – 1 – 2 record, 1 @. @ 38 goals against average and. 947 save percentage over his next six games. sanford started 12 consecutive games before steve mason made his next start. the number of starts might not have been as numerous, but prior to the november 23 game, mason was hit in the head by a shot from rick nash during pre @ - @ game warm @ - @ ups and suffered a concussion. mason returned from his concussion after two games, making a start against the vancouver canucks. mason allowed only one goal in the game despite suffering from
566
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122
cramping in the third period, temporarily being replaced by sanford for just over three minutes. columbus won the game 2 – 1 in a shootout, breaking a nine @ - @ game losing streak to the canucks. after the game, arniel stated that sanford was still seen as the team's number one goaltender. however, mason started four of the next six games with the blue jackets going 0 – 5 – 1 during that stretch. = = = january – february = = = with the losing continuing, more rumors began to surface. unlike before, the rumors were about player moves rather than coaching changes. the majority of rumors were
566
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123
that the blue jackets would trade rick nash. while howson stated that he had never brought up trading nash in discussions, other teams had inquired about his availability. nash stated that if columbus felt it would make the franchise better than he would be willing to waive his no @ - @ trade clause. howson publicly stated that he had no intention of trading nash. more rumors came to light when reports attributed to reseau des sports stated that carter was unhappy in columbus and demanded a trade. howson, carter and his agent all denied that a trade request was ever made, and they were unsure where the reports were coming from. with the
501
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124
trade deadline approaching, speculation picked up on the blue jackets trading carter. reports were that columbus was trying to trade carter and that he was " 100 percent available. " at the halfway point of the season, with the blue jackets barely into double digit wins with an 11 – 25 – 5 record, worst in the league, and sitting 20 points out of playoff position, columbus fired arniel. he was replaced by assistant coach todd richards on an interim basis. richards had previously coached the minnesota wild. he recorded his first coaching victory for the blue jackets in his second game, a 4 – 3 win over the phoenix coyotes. the change in
584
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125
coaching did not change the fortunes of the team, as they reached the all @ - @ star break with a 13 – 30 – 6 record. at the break, blue jackets'owner john p. mcconnell sent out a letter to fans stating his understanding of their frustration. he added that action would be taken around the trade deadline, the entry draft and free agency to take the team in a new direction. when speaking of the season, mcconnell stated " disappointing is not a strong enough word " and that he was committed to giving fans a team of which they can be proud of. he also thanked them for their dedication and passion, while rei
53
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126
##terating that the team goal was to " win consistently and compete for the stanley cup. " days later, a 250 @ - @ person protest occurred outside of nationwide arena. fans were upset with the blue jackets'management and were calling for changes at the top. the same day the fans protested, it was announced that the franchise would host the 2013 all @ - @ star game. columbus was without a representative for the 2012 all @ - @ star game, but ryan johansen represented the club as a rookie participant in the super skills competition. in the competition, johansen participated in the allstate insurance nhl breakaway challenge, a shootout
587
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127
themed event judged by the fans. he received just 1 % of the vote and finished last. following the break, the blue jackets were on the road playing the los angeles kings, and with the score tied late in the game, kings'defenseman drew doughty scored with just 0 @. @ 4 seconds remaining to win the game. upon review of the goal it, was determined that the clock at staples center froze at 1 @. @ 8 seconds for over a full second, which would have resulted in time expiring prior to the goal being scored. kings'general manager dean lombardi stated that the clock was correct and no
562
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128
extra time had been added due to the way the clock self @ - @ corrects at various times. howson stated on the team's blog that " it is an amazing coincidence that with the kings on a power play at staples center and with a mad scramble around our net in the dying seconds of the third period of a 2 – 2 hockey game that the clock stopped for at least one full second, " adding that, " either there was a deliberate stopping of the clock or the clock malfunctioned. " nhl senior vice president of hockey operations colin campbell stated that the blue jackets were wronged, but that the outcome of
588
[ "the", "game", "could", "not", "be", "changed", ",", "and", "that", "the", "delay", "was", "not", "noticed", "by", "the", "off", "@", "-", "@", "ice", "officials", "or", "the", "situation", "room", "in", "toronto", ".", "to", "determine", "the", "true", "cause", "of", "the", "clock", "pause", ",", "the", "nhl", "launched", "an", "investigation", ",", "talking", "with", "the", "clock", "'", "s", "manufacturer", "and", "interviewing", "staples", "center", "staff", ".", "two", "weeks", "prior", "to", "the", "nhl", "trade", "deadline", ",", "columbus", "announced", "that", "unlike", "earlier", "in", "the", "season", ",", "they", "would", "listen", "to", "trade", "proposals", "involving", "rick", "nash", ",", "though", "they", "were", "not", "actively", "shopping", "him", ".", "how", "##son", "stated", "that", "the", "team", "was", "open", "to", "all", "options", "for", "improving", "the", "team", ",", "including", "trading", "nash", ".", "speculation", "was", "that", "in", "return", "for", "nash", "the", "blue", "jackets", "would", "ask", "for", "a" ]
129
the game could not be changed, and that the delay was not noticed by the off @ - @ ice officials or the situation room in toronto. to determine the true cause of the clock pause, the nhl launched an investigation, talking with the clock's manufacturer and interviewing staples center staff. two weeks prior to the nhl trade deadline, columbus announced that unlike earlier in the season, they would listen to trade proposals involving rick nash, though they were not actively shopping him. howson stated that the team was open to all options for improving the team, including trading nash. speculation was that in return for nash the blue jackets would ask for a
501
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130
" combination of young, proven players, high @ - @ end prospects and draft picks. " leading up to the trade deadline, the blue jackets dealt antoine vermette to the phoenix coyotes for two draft picks and goaltender curtis mcelhinney. despite being injured at the time, the acquisition of mcelhinney was believed to give columbus the flexibility to trade curtis sanford. the following day, on february 23, columbus traded jeff carter to the kings. in the deal, columbus acquired defenseman jack johnson and a first @ - @ round draft pick ; the team was given the choice of taking the pick in either 2012 or 2013.
565
[ "at", "the", "deadline", ",", "columbus", "was", "unable", "to", "come", "to", "terms", "on", "a", "deal", "involving", "nash", ",", "but", "they", "did", "make", "one", "more", "move", ";", "they", "sent", "center", "samuel", "pa", "##hl", "##sson", "to", "the", "vancouver", "canucks", "in", "exchange", "for", "two", "fourth", "@", "-", "@", "round", "draft", "picks", "and", "minor", "league", "defense", "##man", "taylor", "ellington", ".", "following", "the", "trade", "deadline", ",", "how", "##son", "announced", "that", "the", "team", "had", "attempted", "to", "trade", "nash", "at", "the", "player", "'", "s", "request", ".", "nash", "stated", "that", "he", "had", "requested", "the", "trade", "after", "being", "informed", "that", "the", "franchise", "was", "going", "into", "another", "rebuilding", "phase", ".", "he", "further", "noted", "that", "he", "felt", "that", "he", "\"", "could", "be", "a", "huge", "part", "of", "that", "towards", "bringing", "assets", "in", ",", "\"", "and", "in", "his", "view", "\"", "it", "was" ]
131
at the deadline, columbus was unable to come to terms on a deal involving nash, but they did make one more move ; they sent center samuel pahlsson to the vancouver canucks in exchange for two fourth @ - @ round draft picks and minor league defenseman taylor ellington. following the trade deadline, howson announced that the team had attempted to trade nash at the player's request. nash stated that he had requested the trade after being informed that the franchise was going into another rebuilding phase. he further noted that he felt that he " could be a huge part of that towards bringing assets in, " and in his view " it was
501
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132
the best thing for the team, the organization, and personally for [ his ] career. " after the personnel changes, the blue jackets closed out the month with a three @ - @ game losing streak. columbus started march with a 2 – 0 shutout against the colorado avalanche. they proceeded to win their next game against the phoenix coyotes 5 – 2, which marked the first time that the blue jackets posted back @ - @ to @ - @ back regulation victories during the season. columbus again defeated the coyotes three days later to earn their first three @ - @ game win streak of the season. they extended the streak to four with a win
566
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133
over the los angeles kings before it came to an end with a 4 – 1 loss to the st. louis blues. it was the only four @ - @ game win streak of the season for the blue jackets. they immediately matched their four @ - @ game win streak with a four @ - @ game losing streak and with ten games remaining, the blue jackets were the first team eliminated from playoff contention. shortly after being eliminated, they were defeated by the edmonton oilers 6 – 3 ; the loss clinched last place in the nhl for columbus. it was the first time in franchise history the blue jackets finished in 30th place. three days later,
587
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134
on march 28, goaltender steve mason was injured in the morning skate when a shot from colton gillies hit him in the mask. with sanford again injured, york made an emergency start. playing against the detroit red wings, york made 29 saves, including 17 in the third period, helping columbus to a 4 – 2 victory and giving york his first career nhl win. york remained the starter and led the blue jackets to a second three @ - @ game winning streak. in his fourth start, columbus was shutout by the coyotes despite a franchise @ - @ record 54 shots on goal, losing 2 – 0. the 54 saves by phoenix goaltender
587
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135
mike smith set an nhl record for a regulation shutout. mason returned to the starter's role for the final two games, winning both. the two victories gave columbus 65 points for the year, their third @ - @ lowest total in franchise history. the blue jackets struggled in shorthanded situations, allowing the most power @ - @ play goals in the league, with 64, and having the lowest penalty @ - @ kill percentage, at 76 @. @ 64 % finishing with the worst record in the nhl, columbus had the best chance of receiving the first overall pick in the 2012 draft. with the nhl's weighted draft lottery
587
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136
the blue jackets had a 48 @. @ 2 % chance of drafting first overall. however, the lottery was won by the edmonton oilers, who proceeded to leapfrog columbus and secure the number one draft pick for a third consecutive year. it was the fifth time that the blue jackets were dropped one draft position in the franchise's 12 lottery participations. a month later, on may 14, the blue jackets announced that richards would remain as head coach and signed him to a two @ - @ year contract. during the press conference, howson noted, " our team continuously improved under todd and he has earned the opportunity to build upon
584
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137
the work he started. " columbus posted an 18 – 21 – 2 record under richards, including winning seven of their final 11 games. = = standings = = since being founded as an expansion team, the blue jackets have played in the central division of the western conference. division rivals chicago blackhawks, detroit red wings, nashville predators and st. louis blues, all made the playoff during the 2011 – 12 season, which helped columbus finish 36 points behind fourth place chicago and 44 points out of first. divisions : ce – central, nw – northwest, pa – pacific bold - qualified for playoffs, y – won division, p – won presidents
573
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138
' trophy ( best record in nhl ) = = schedule and results = = green background indicates win ( 2 points ). red background indicates regulation loss ( 0 points ). silver background indicates overtime / shootout loss ( 1 point ). = = player statistics = = in ice hockey, a combination of a player's goals and assists are collectively called points. penalty minutes are the total number of minutes assigned to a player for infractions assessed during the season. plus @ - @ minus is a statistic that tracks when a player was on the ice while goals were scored, both for and against their team, though some in game situations will
830
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139
not effect the statistic. below is a listing of all player statistics for the blue jackets during the season. = position ; gp = games played in ; g assists ; pts penalty minutes ; + / - = plus / minus = games played ; toi = time on ice ( minutes ) ; w losses ; ot = overtime losses ; ga = goals against ; gaa = goals against average ; sa = shots against ; sv save percentage ; so = shutouts † denotes player spent time with another team before joining blue jackets. stats reflect time with the blue jackets only. ‑ traded mid @ - @ season = = milestones = = when mason
830
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140
was injured in warm @ - @ ups late in the year, columbus was without an active goaltender on their roster. to remedy the situation, the team signed former university of michigan goaltender shawn hunwick to a one @ - @ day, amateur tryout contract. after being eliminated from the ncaa tournament just days prior, hunwick skipped an astronomy class and drove his worn down 2003 ford ranger to columbus to make the game. he served as the back @ - @ up to allen york during the game, and the following day, he signed a contract for the remainder of the year. with mason returning from injury, hunwick was
571
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141
third on the team's depth chart when an injury to york allowed hunwick to remain as the back @ - @ up for the final two games of the year. in the final game of the season, the blue jackets were leading the islanders 7 – 3 with 2 : 33 remaining when, at the behest of his teammates, head coach todd richards put hunwick in to finish the game. he did not face a shot. hunwick was the franchise record ninth player to make his nhl debut during the season. conversely, vaclav prospal played in his 1, 000th nhl game during the year
587
[ ".", "=", "=", "transactions", "=", "=", "during", "the", "off", "@", "-", "@", "season", "the", "blue", "jackets", "parted", "ways", "with", "defense", "##men", "jan", "he", "##j", "##da", ",", "anton", "st", "##ral", "##man", ",", "sami", "le", "##pis", "##to", "and", "mike", "commodore", ".", "he", "##j", "##da", ",", "who", "played", "four", "of", "his", "first", "five", "nhl", "seasons", "with", "the", "blue", "jackets", ",", "was", "offered", "a", "contract", "by", "columbus", ",", "but", "felt", "that", "the", "organization", "under", "##val", "##ue", "##d", "him", "and", "left", "via", "free", "agency", ".", "columbus", "had", "offered", "him", "a", "three", "@", "-", "@", "year", ",", "$", "7", "@", ".", "@", "5", "million", "contract", ".", "he", "instead", "signed", "a", "four", "@", "-", "@", "year", ",", "$", "13", "million", "deal", "with", "the", "colorado", "avalanche", ".", "st", "##ral", "##man", "and", "le", "##pis", "##to", "were", "not" ]
142
. = = transactions = = during the off @ - @ season the blue jackets parted ways with defensemen jan hejda, anton stralman, sami lepisto and mike commodore. hejda, who played four of his first five nhl seasons with the blue jackets, was offered a contract by columbus, but felt that the organization undervalued him and left via free agency. columbus had offered him a three @ - @ year, $ 7 @. @ 5 million contract. he instead signed a four @ - @ year, $ 13 million deal with the colorado avalanche. stralman and lepisto were not
587
[ "given", "qualifying", "offers", "which", "made", "them", "unrest", "##ricted", "free", "agents", ",", "and", "both", "signed", "with", "other", "teams", ".", "commodore", "had", "originally", "signed", "a", "big", "contract", "with", "the", "blue", "jackets", "in", "2008", ",", "but", "fell", "out", "of", "favor", ".", "he", "was", "waived", ",", "sent", "to", "the", "minors", "and", "eventually", "had", "his", "contract", "bought", "out", ".", "in", "order", "to", "replace", "the", "departed", "players", ",", "columbus", "not", "only", "acquired", "james", "wi", "##s", "##nie", "##wski", ",", "but", "also", "signed", "ten", "@", "-", "@", "year", "nhl", "veteran", "ra", "##dek", "martin", "##ek", ".", "martin", "##ek", "played", "only", "seven", "games", "with", "the", "blue", "jackets", "before", "suffering", "a", "concussion", "and", "missing", "the", "remainder", "of", "the", "season", ".", "brett", "le", "##b", "##da", "was", "brought", "in", "to", "replace", "him", ".", "=", "gregorian", "tower", "=", "the", "gregorian", "tower", "(" ]
143
given qualifying offers which made them unrestricted free agents, and both signed with other teams. commodore had originally signed a big contract with the blue jackets in 2008, but fell out of favor. he was waived, sent to the minors and eventually had his contract bought out. in order to replace the departed players, columbus not only acquired james wisniewski, but also signed ten @ - @ year nhl veteran radek martinek. martinek played only seven games with the blue jackets before suffering a concussion and missing the remainder of the season. brett lebda was brought in to replace him. = gregorian tower = the gregorian tower (
565
[ "italian", ":", "torre", "gregorian", "##a", ")", "or", "tower", "of", "the", "winds", "(", "italian", ":", "torre", "dei", "vent", "##i", ")", "is", "a", "round", "tower", "located", "above", "the", "gallery", "of", "maps", ",", "which", "connects", "the", "villa", "bel", "##ved", "##ere", "with", "the", "apostolic", "palace", "in", "vatican", "city", ".", "the", "tower", "was", "built", "between", "157", "##8", "and", "1580", "to", "a", "design", "by", "the", "bo", "##log", "##nese", "architect", "ot", "##ta", "##vian", "##o", "mas", "##cher", "##ino", "(", "who", "was", "credited", "with", "building", "the", "apostolic", "palace", ")", "mainly", "to", "promote", "the", "study", "of", "astronomy", "for", "the", "gregorian", "calendar", "reform", "which", "was", "commissioned", "by", "pope", "gregory", "xiii", "and", "prom", "##ul", "##gated", "in", "158", "##2", ".", "it", "was", "then", "also", "known", "as", "the", "tower", "of", "winds", ".", "the", "tower", "is", "now", "called", "the", "\"", "spec", "##ola", "astro" ]
144
italian : torre gregoriana ) or tower of the winds ( italian : torre dei venti ) is a round tower located above the gallery of maps, which connects the villa belvedere with the apostolic palace in vatican city. the tower was built between 1578 and 1580 to a design by the bolognese architect ottaviano mascherino ( who was credited with building the apostolic palace ) mainly to promote the study of astronomy for the gregorian calendar reform which was commissioned by pope gregory xiii and promulgated in 1582. it was then also known as the tower of winds. the tower is now called the " specola astro
4
[ "##no", "##mic", "##a", "vatican", "##a", "\"", ",", "the", "vatican", "observatory", ".", "four", "stages", "of", "progressive", "development", "have", "occurred", "since", "it", "was", "first", "established", ".", "the", "tower", "was", "an", "ed", "##ifice", "of", "great", "value", "for", "astronomical", "observations", "made", "using", "a", "sun", "##dial", "as", "they", "provided", "essential", "confirmation", "of", "the", "need", "to", "reform", "the", "julian", "calendar", ".", "=", "=", "early", "history", "=", "=", "the", "first", "stage", "of", "building", "of", "the", "tower", ",", "as", "recorded", "by", "leo", "xiii", "in", "his", "mo", "##tu", "prop", "##rio", "ut", "mystic", "##am", "of", "1891", ",", "is", "credited", "to", "pope", "gregory", "xiii", ",", "pope", "from", "157", "##2", "to", "158", "##5", ".", "the", "directive", "was", "to", "build", "a", "tower", "at", "a", "suitable", "location", "in", "the", "vatican", "and", "e", "##qui", "##p", "it", "with", "the", "\"", "greatest", "and", "best", "instruments" ]
145
##nomica vaticana ", the vatican observatory. four stages of progressive development have occurred since it was first established. the tower was an edifice of great value for astronomical observations made using a sundial as they provided essential confirmation of the need to reform the julian calendar. = = early history = = the first stage of building of the tower, as recorded by leo xiii in his motu proprio ut mysticam of 1891, is credited to pope gregory xiii, pope from 1572 to 1585. the directive was to build a tower at a suitable location in the vatican and equip it with the " greatest and best instruments
27
[ "of", "the", "time", "\"", ".", "the", "design", "was", "effect", "##ed", "after", "a", "series", "of", "meetings", "of", "the", "experts", "who", "had", "been", "appointed", "to", "reform", "the", "julian", "calendar", ",", "in", "use", "since", "45", "bc", ",", "to", "verify", "their", "proposed", "reforms", ".", "fr", ".", "christoph", "cl", "##avi", "##us", ",", "a", "jesuit", "mathematician", "from", "the", "roman", "college", ",", "was", "the", "expert", "on", "the", "committee", "who", "suggested", "the", "new", "system", "for", "the", "observations", ".", "the", "73", "metres", "(", "240", "ft", ")", "tower", "was", "then", "built", "above", "the", "museum", "and", "library", ",", "flanked", "by", "the", "bel", "##ved", "##ere", "and", "della", "pig", "##na", "courtyard", "##s", ".", "the", "instrumentation", "for", "the", "observation", "of", "the", "sun", "rays", "falling", "over", "it", "consisted", "of", "a", "meridian", "line", "designed", "by", "ign", "##azi", "##o", "dan", "##ti", "of", "peru", "##gia", "." ]
146
of the time ". the design was effected after a series of meetings of the experts who had been appointed to reform the julian calendar, in use since 45 bc, to verify their proposed reforms. fr. christoph clavius, a jesuit mathematician from the roman college, was the expert on the committee who suggested the new system for the observations. the 73 metres ( 240 ft ) tower was then built above the museum and library, flanked by the belvedere and della pigna courtyards. the instrumentation for the observation of the sun rays falling over it consisted of a meridian line designed by ignazio danti of perugia.
1
[ "it", "was", "in", "the", "form", "of", "a", "circular", "marble", "plate", "in", "the", "centre", ",", "em", "##bell", "##ished", "with", "scientific", "designs", ".", "the", "tower", "still", "remains", "today", ",", "but", "has", "undergone", "improvements", "over", "the", "centuries", ".", "=", "=", "second", "stage", "=", "=", "the", "second", "stage", "of", "construction", "in", "the", "17th", "and", "18th", "centuries", ",", "when", "the", "tower", "was", "under", "the", "charge", "of", "the", "vatican", "librarian", ",", "involved", "mg", "##r", ".", "filippo", "luigi", "gil", "##ii", ",", "a", "clergyman", "of", "st", ".", "peter", "'", "s", "basilica", ".", "earlier", "in", "1797", ",", "pius", "vi", "gave", "approval", "to", "placing", "a", "latin", "inscription", "spec", "##ula", "vatican", "##a", "at", "the", "entrance", "to", "the", "upper", "part", "of", "the", "tower", ",", "which", "was", "implemented", "by", "cardinal", "ze", "##lad", "##a", "with", "plans", "to", "enhance", "the", "instrumentation", "system", "in" ]
147
it was in the form of a circular marble plate in the centre, embellished with scientific designs. the tower still remains today, but has undergone improvements over the centuries. = = second stage = = the second stage of construction in the 17th and 18th centuries, when the tower was under the charge of the vatican librarian, involved mgr. filippo luigi gilii, a clergyman of st. peter's basilica. earlier in 1797, pius vi gave approval to placing a latin inscription specula vaticana at the entrance to the upper part of the tower, which was implemented by cardinal zelada with plans to enhance the instrumentation system in
4
[ "the", "tower", "'", "s", "observatory", ".", "the", "original", "observatory", "was", "then", "set", "up", "above", "the", "second", "level", "of", "the", "tower", "with", "the", "agreement", "of", "pope", "pius", "vi", ".", "its", "instrumentation", ",", "apart", "from", "many", "normal", "devices", "(", "such", "as", "meteorological", "and", "magnetic", "equipment", ",", "with", "a", "se", "##ism", "##og", "##raph", "and", "a", "small", "transit", "and", "pendulum", "clock", ",", ")", "was", "noted", "for", "the", "doll", "##and", "telescope", ".", "the", "instrumentation", "facilitated", "recording", "of", "occurrences", "of", "eclipse", ",", "appearance", "of", "comets", ",", "satellites", "of", "jupiter", "and", "mercury", "’", "s", "transit", ".", "as", "an", "addition", ",", "under", "the", "patronage", "of", "pope", "pius", "x", ",", "four", "rotary", "observatory", "domes", "were", "also", "added", "at", "strategic", "locations", "on", "the", "1", "@", ",", "@", "300", "feet", "(", "400", "m", ")", "long", "fortification", "walls", ",", "more" ]
148
the tower's observatory. the original observatory was then set up above the second level of the tower with the agreement of pope pius vi. its instrumentation, apart from many normal devices ( such as meteorological and magnetic equipment, with a seismograph and a small transit and pendulum clock, ) was noted for the dolland telescope. the instrumentation facilitated recording of occurrences of eclipse, appearance of comets, satellites of jupiter and mercury ’ s transit. as an addition, under the patronage of pope pius x, four rotary observatory domes were also added at strategic locations on the 1 @, @ 300 feet ( 400 m ) long fortification walls, more
27
[ "than", "a", "thousand", "years", "old", ".", "mg", "##r", ".", "gil", "##ii", ",", "highly", "respected", "as", "a", "poly", "##gl", "##ot", "with", "a", "knowledge", "of", "physics", ",", "biology", ",", "arch", "##eo", "##logy", "and", "the", "hebrew", "language", ",", "was", "in", "charge", "of", "the", "observatory", "from", "1800", "to", "1821", ".", "he", "carried", "out", "continuous", "meteorological", "observations", "(", "twice", "a", "day", "at", "6", "am", "and", "2", "pm", ")", "conform", "##ing", "to", "the", "programme", "of", "the", "mannheim", "meteorological", "society", ".", "while", "the", "observation", "records", "for", "seven", "years", "were", "published", ",", "the", "balance", "data", "in", "a", "manuscript", "form", "was", "preserved", "in", "the", "vatican", "library", ".", "subsequent", "to", "gil", "##ii", "'", "s", "death", "in", "1821", ",", "the", "observatory", "on", "the", "tower", "was", "discontinued", "and", "the", "instruments", "were", "moved", "to", "the", "observatory", "at", "the", "roman", "college", "." ]
149
than a thousand years old. mgr. gilii, highly respected as a polyglot with a knowledge of physics, biology, archeology and the hebrew language, was in charge of the observatory from 1800 to 1821. he carried out continuous meteorological observations ( twice a day at 6 am and 2 pm ) conforming to the programme of the mannheim meteorological society. while the observation records for seven years were published, the balance data in a manuscript form was preserved in the vatican library. subsequent to gilii's death in 1821, the observatory on the tower was discontinued and the instruments were moved to the observatory at the roman college.
452
[ "established", "in", "1787", ",", "it", "was", "considered", "more", "suitable", "for", "making", "observations", "than", "the", "vatican", ".", "the", "revival", "of", "the", "observatory", "on", "the", "gregorian", "tower", "was", "initiated", "by", "the", "barn", "##abi", "##te", "francesco", "den", "##za", "with", "the", "approval", "of", "pope", "leo", "xiii", ".", "high", "quality", "instruments", "were", "pro", "##cured", ",", "partly", "with", "generous", "donations", "from", "hicks", "of", "london", ",", "and", "the", "automatic", "recording", "instruments", "were", "pro", "##cured", "from", "richard", "in", "paris", ".", "a", "four", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "equatorial", ",", "a", "three", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "transit", "instrument", ",", "and", "four", "pendulum", "clocks", "with", "two", "ch", "##ron", "##ometer", "##s", ",", "were", "also", "pro", "##cured", "from", "the", "observatory", "at", "mode", "##na", ".", "in", "1888", ",", "the", "gift", "of", "a", "16", "inch", "long", "telescope", "to", "pope", "leo", "xiii", ",", "became" ]
150
established in 1787, it was considered more suitable for making observations than the vatican. the revival of the observatory on the gregorian tower was initiated by the barnabite francesco denza with the approval of pope leo xiii. high quality instruments were procured, partly with generous donations from hicks of london, and the automatic recording instruments were procured from richard in paris. a four @ - @ inch equatorial, a three @ - @ inch transit instrument, and four pendulum clocks with two chronometers, were also procured from the observatory at modena. in 1888, the gift of a 16 inch long telescope to pope leo xiii, became
449
[ "a", "part", "of", "the", "observatory", ".", "father", "den", "##za", "joined", "the", "observatory", "in", "1889", "after", "it", "was", "upgraded", "with", "more", "modern", "instruments", ".", "the", "same", "year", ",", "a", "second", "tower", "was", "built", "some", "400", "metres", "(", "1", "@", ",", "@", "300", "ft", ")", "away", "from", "the", "main", "gregorian", "tower", ",", "overlooking", "the", "vatican", "gardens", "behind", "st", ".", "peter", "'", "s", "basilica", "on", "the", "south", "@", "-", "@", "west", "border", ".", "it", "was", "built", "to", "a", "diameter", "of", "17", "metres", "(", "56", "ft", ")", "with", "a", "lower", "wall", "thickness", "of", "4", "@", ".", "@", "5", "metres", "(", "15", "ft", ")", ",", "which", "could", "bear", "the", "load", "of", "a", "13", "inch", "photographic", "ref", "##rac", "##tor", ",", "newly", "pro", "##cured", "from", "paris", ".", "august", "##inian", "father", "rodriguez", "was", "the", "expert", "meteor" ]
151
a part of the observatory. father denza joined the observatory in 1889 after it was upgraded with more modern instruments. the same year, a second tower was built some 400 metres ( 1 @, @ 300 ft ) away from the main gregorian tower, overlooking the vatican gardens behind st. peter's basilica on the south @ - @ west border. it was built to a diameter of 17 metres ( 56 ft ) with a lower wall thickness of 4 @. @ 5 metres ( 15 ft ), which could bear the load of a 13 inch photographic refractor, newly procured from paris. augustinian father rodriguez was the expert meteor
373
[ "##ologist", "who", "held", "the", "post", "of", "director", "from", "1898", "to", "1905", ".", "in", "1891", ",", "pope", "leo", "xiii", ",", "prom", "##ul", "##gating", "the", "mo", "##tu", "prop", "##rio", "ut", "mystic", "##am", ",", "designated", "the", "second", "tower", "as", "the", "seat", "of", "the", "newly", "established", "vatican", "observatory", ",", "a", "decision", "which", "required", "altering", "the", "roof", "to", "provide", "a", "flat", "terrace", "for", "astronomical", "observations", ".", "=", "=", "fourth", "stage", "=", "=", "the", "fourth", "stage", "involved", "remedy", "##ing", "the", "problem", "of", "communicating", "between", "the", "two", "towers", "during", "the", "time", "of", "pope", "pius", "x", ".", "his", "plans", "were", "to", "make", "the", "gregorian", "tower", "into", "a", "historical", "tower", "and", "to", "record", "and", "carry", "out", "observations", "at", "the", "second", "tower", "by", "linking", "the", "two", "towers", "along", "the", "fortified", "wall", "with", "a", "83", "metres", "(", "272", "ft" ]
152
##ologist who held the post of director from 1898 to 1905. in 1891, pope leo xiii, promulgating the motu proprio ut mysticam, designated the second tower as the seat of the newly established vatican observatory, a decision which required altering the roof to provide a flat terrace for astronomical observations. = = fourth stage = = the fourth stage involved remedying the problem of communicating between the two towers during the time of pope pius x. his plans were to make the gregorian tower into a historical tower and to record and carry out observations at the second tower by linking the two towers along the fortified wall with a 83 metres ( 272 ft
27
[ ")", "iron", "bridge", "spanning", "the", "gap", ".", "at", "the", "west", "end", "of", "this", "bridge", ",", "a", "four", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "equatorial", "was", "installed", "on", "semi", "##ci", "##rc", "##ular", "bastion", ".", "the", "east", "end", "of", "the", "bridge", ",", "above", "the", "barracks", "of", "the", "gen", "##dar", "##mes", ",", "had", "a", "he", "##lio", "##graph", ",", "with", "a", "camera", "attached", ",", "used", "to", "photograph", "the", "sun", "(", "photo", "##hel", "##io", "##graph", ")", ".", "a", "new", "16", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "visual", "telescope", ",", "called", "torre", "pi", "##o", "x", ",", "was", "erected", "in", "the", "second", "tower", ".", "as", "a", "result", "of", "these", "modifications", ",", "the", "original", "library", "was", "moved", "to", "the", "pontifical", "academy", "lin", "##ce", "##i", ",", "and", "the", "old", "meteorological", "and", "seismic", "instruments", "were", "shifted", "to", "the", "valle", "di", "po", "##mp" ]
153
) iron bridge spanning the gap. at the west end of this bridge, a four @ - @ inch equatorial was installed on semicircular bastion. the east end of the bridge, above the barracks of the gendarmes, had a heliograph, with a camera attached, used to photograph the sun ( photoheliograph ). a new 16 @ - @ inch visual telescope, called torre pio x, was erected in the second tower. as a result of these modifications, the original library was moved to the pontifical academy lincei, and the old meteorological and seismic instruments were shifted to the valle di pomp
449
[ "##ei", "observatory", ".", "the", "new", "astronomical", "library", "was", "housed", "in", "two", "rooms", "of", "the", "building", ".", "the", "two", "new", "rep", "##sol", "##d", "machines", "were", "used", "for", "recording", "on", "the", "astro", "##graphic", "plates", ".", "the", "recorded", "observations", "were", "published", "along", "with", "ex", "##pl", "##ana", "##tory", "notes", "together", "with", "the", "last", "two", "series", "of", "the", "atlas", "of", "stars", ".", "charts", "were", "printed", "on", "silver", "bro", "##mide", "paper", ".", "the", "tower", "had", "two", "floors", "and", "a", "me", "##zza", "##nine", ".", "on", "the", "first", "floor", "was", "the", "famous", "sun", "##dial", "room", "or", "meridian", "room", ",", "which", "was", "initially", "an", "open", "log", "##gia", ".", "pope", "urban", "viii", "had", "it", "enclosed", "and", "it", "was", "subsequently", "decorated", "with", "long", "sequences", "of", "frescoes", "painted", "between", "1580", "and", "158", "##2", "by", "simon", "la", "##gi", "and", "the", "two" ]
154
##ei observatory. the new astronomical library was housed in two rooms of the building. the two new repsold machines were used for recording on the astrographic plates. the recorded observations were published along with explanatory notes together with the last two series of the atlas of stars. charts were printed on silver bromide paper. the tower had two floors and a mezzanine. on the first floor was the famous sundial room or meridian room, which was initially an open loggia. pope urban viii had it enclosed and it was subsequently decorated with long sequences of frescoes painted between 1580 and 1582 by simon lagi and the two
375
[ "flemish", "artists", "paul", "and", "matt", "##hi", "##js", "br", "##il", ".", "today", "the", "tower", "has", "paintings", "by", "cr", "##isto", "##for", "##o", "ron", "##cal", "##li", "and", "matt", "##ein", "##o", "da", "siena", ".", "the", "sun", "##dial", "room", ",", "also", "called", "the", "meridian", "hall", ",", "was", "once", "the", "residence", "of", "queen", "christina", "of", "sweden", ",", "then", "newly", "converted", "to", "catholicism", ".", "the", "room", "was", "further", "modified", "by", "two", "additions", "which", "gave", "it", "its", "current", "name", ":", "a", "sun", "##dial", ",", "and", "a", "delicate", "but", "sophisticated", "an", "##em", "##os", "##cope", "which", "was", "fixed", "to", "the", "ceiling", "of", "the", "meridian", "hall", ".", "these", "were", "created", "by", "ign", "##azi", "##o", "dan", "##ti", ",", "the", "papal", "co", "##smo", "##grapher", ",", "in", "association", "with", "the", "gregorian", "calendar", "reform", ".", "the", "sun", "##dial", "consisted", "of", "a", "straight", "line" ]
155
flemish artists paul and matthijs bril. today the tower has paintings by cristoforo roncalli and matteino da siena. the sundial room, also called the meridian hall, was once the residence of queen christina of sweden, then newly converted to catholicism. the room was further modified by two additions which gave it its current name : a sundial, and a delicate but sophisticated anemoscope which was fixed to the ceiling of the meridian hall. these were created by ignazio danti, the papal cosmographer, in association with the gregorian calendar reform. the sundial consisted of a straight line
377
[ "in", "white", "marble", "running", "across", "the", "floor", "in", "a", "north", "@", "-", "@", "south", "direction", ",", "intended", "to", "measure", "the", "height", "of", "the", "sun", "at", "noon", "according", "to", "the", "seasons", "of", "the", "year", ".", "the", "observations", "made", "with", "the", "sun", "##dial", "provided", "essential", "confirmation", "of", "the", "need", "to", "reform", "the", "julian", "calendar", ".", "the", "an", "##em", "##os", "##cope", ",", "in", "contrast", ",", "was", "a", "complex", "mechanism", "attached", "to", "the", "ceiling", "which", "was", "used", "to", "measure", "the", "strength", "and", "direction", "of", "the", "wind", "but", "soon", "stopped", "functioning", ".", "the", "instrument", "may", "have", "led", "to", "the", "other", "name", "of", "the", "tower", ",", "tower", "of", "the", "winds", ";", "however", ",", "an", "ancient", "observatory", "at", "athens", "was", "also", "called", "the", "tower", "of", "the", "winds", "and", "might", "have", "been", "the", "source", "for", "inspiration" ]
156
in white marble running across the floor in a north @ - @ south direction, intended to measure the height of the sun at noon according to the seasons of the year. the observations made with the sundial provided essential confirmation of the need to reform the julian calendar. the anemoscope, in contrast, was a complex mechanism attached to the ceiling which was used to measure the strength and direction of the wind but soon stopped functioning. the instrument may have led to the other name of the tower, tower of the winds ; however, an ancient observatory at athens was also called the tower of the winds and might have been the source for inspiration
449
[ ".", "the", "interior", "walls", "and", "ceiling", "of", "the", "hall", "were", "richly", "decorated", ",", "in", "some", "cases", "with", "ga", "##udy", "frescoes", "of", "the", "hills", "and", "roman", "countryside", ",", "the", "pantheon", "##s", ",", "religious", "themes", ",", "the", "buildings", "surrounding", "the", "area", ",", "and", "naval", "ship", "##wr", "##eck", "##s", "with", "jesus", "calming", "the", "storm", "and", "so", "forth", ".", "\"", "there", "'", "s", "got", "to", "be", "a", "way", "\"", "is", "a", "song", "by", "american", "singer", "and", "songwriter", "maria", "##h", "carey", "from", "her", "self", "@", "-", "@", "titled", "debut", "studio", "album", "(", "1990", ")", ".", "columbia", "released", "it", "as", "the", "fifth", "and", "final", "single", "from", "the", "album", "in", "the", "united", "kingdom", ".", "it", "was", "one", "of", "four", "songs", "carey", "wrote", "with", "ric", "wake", "during", "their", "first", "recording", "session", "together", ",", "but", "\"", "there" ]
157
. the interior walls and ceiling of the hall were richly decorated, in some cases with gaudy frescoes of the hills and roman countryside, the pantheons, religious themes, the buildings surrounding the area, and naval shipwrecks with jesus calming the storm and so forth. " there's got to be a way " is a song by american singer and songwriter mariah carey from her self @ - @ titled debut studio album ( 1990 ). columbia released it as the fifth and final single from the album in the united kingdom. it was one of four songs carey wrote with ric wake during their first recording session together, but " there
943
[ "'", "s", "got", "to", "be", "a", "way", "\"", "was", "the", "only", "composition", "to", "make", "the", "final", "track", "listing", ".", "it", "is", "a", "socio", "@", "-", "@", "political", "conscious", "r", "&", "b", "@", "-", "@", "pop", "song", "which", "addresses", "the", "existence", "of", "poverty", ",", "racism", "and", "war", "in", "the", "world", "which", "gradually", "becomes", "more", "as", "##piration", "##al", "and", "positive", "as", "it", "progresses", ".", "the", "track", "garnered", "a", "mixed", "reception", "upon", "the", "album", "'", "s", "release", "in", "1990", ".", "while", "carey", "'", "s", "vocals", "were", "praised", ",", "it", "was", "seen", "as", "too", "political", ".", "an", "accompanying", "music", "video", "highlights", "social", "injustice", "##s", ".", "the", "song", "reached", "number", "54", "on", "the", "uk", "singles", "chart", ".", "=", "=", "background", "and", "release", "=", "=", "\"", "there", "'", "s", "got", "to", "be", "a", "way" ]
158
' s got to be a way " was the only composition to make the final track listing. it is a socio @ - @ political conscious r & b @ - @ pop song which addresses the existence of poverty, racism and war in the world which gradually becomes more aspirational and positive as it progresses. the track garnered a mixed reception upon the album's release in 1990. while carey's vocals were praised, it was seen as too political. an accompanying music video highlights social injustices. the song reached number 54 on the uk singles chart. = = background and release = = " there's got to be a way
943
[ "\"", "was", "written", "by", "maria", "##h", "carey", "and", "ric", "wake", "for", "carey", "'", "s", "self", "@", "-", "@", "titled", "debut", "studio", "album", "(", "1990", ")", ".", "it", "was", "written", "during", "carey", "and", "wake", "'", "s", "first", "recording", "session", "together", ".", "they", "composed", "four", "songs", ",", "but", "only", "\"", "there", "'", "s", "got", "to", "be", "a", "way", "\"", "was", "chosen", "for", "the", "final", "track", "listing", ".", "co", "@", "-", "@", "produced", "by", "wake", "and", "nara", "##da", "michael", "walden", ",", "it", "appears", "as", "the", "second", "of", "ten", "songs", "on", "the", "track", "listing", ".", "the", "track", "was", "recorded", "and", "engineered", "by", "bob", "cad", "##way", "at", "cove", "city", "sound", "studios", "and", "the", "power", "station", ",", "both", "located", "in", "new", "york", "city", ".", "he", "was", "assisted", "by", "dana", "jon", "cha", "##ppel", "##le", "." ]
159
" was written by mariah carey and ric wake for carey's self @ - @ titled debut studio album ( 1990 ). it was written during carey and wake's first recording session together. they composed four songs, but only " there's got to be a way " was chosen for the final track listing. co @ - @ produced by wake and narada michael walden, it appears as the second of ten songs on the track listing. the track was recorded and engineered by bob cadway at cove city sound studios and the power station, both located in new york city. he was assisted by dana jon chappelle.
943
[ "it", "was", "mixed", "by", "david", "fra", "##zer", "at", "tar", "##pan", "studios", "in", "san", "rafael", ".", "the", "keyboards", ",", "bass", "and", "rhythm", "engineering", "was", "carried", "out", "by", "louis", "bianca", "##nie", "##llo", ",", "while", "joe", "franco", "performed", "the", "percussion", ",", "vernon", "\"", "ice", "\"", "black", "played", "the", "guitar", ",", "and", "rich", "tan", "##cre", "##do", "also", "performing", "on", "the", "keyboards", ".", "walter", "af", "##ana", "##sie", "##ff", "played", "the", "synth", "horns", ".", "carey", "provided", "her", "own", "background", "vocals", "along", "with", "billy", "t", ".", "scott", ",", "jam", "##ilia", "##h", "mu", "##ham", "##med", "and", "the", "billy", "t", ".", "scott", "ensemble", ".", "the", "song", "was", "released", "as", "the", "fifth", "and", "final", "single", "from", "the", "album", "in", "the", "united", "kingdom", ".", "it", "is", "available", "to", "purchase", "as", "a", "cd", "single", "while", "the", "remixes", "are", "available", "on" ]
160
it was mixed by david frazer at tarpan studios in san rafael. the keyboards, bass and rhythm engineering was carried out by louis biancaniello, while joe franco performed the percussion, vernon " ice " black played the guitar, and rich tancredo also performing on the keyboards. walter afanasieff played the synth horns. carey provided her own background vocals along with billy t. scott, jamiliah muhammed and the billy t. scott ensemble. the song was released as the fifth and final single from the album in the united kingdom. it is available to purchase as a cd single while the remixes are available on
950
[ "vinyl", ".", "=", "=", "composition", "=", "=", "\"", "there", "'", "s", "got", "to", "be", "a", "way", "\"", "is", "an", "r", "&", "b", "@", "-", "@", "pop", "music", "song", "with", "elements", "of", "gospel", ".", "the", "theme", "of", "social", "activism", "can", "be", "heard", "in", "the", "lyrics", "\"", "there", "’", "s", "got", "to", "be", "a", "way", "/", "to", "connect", "this", "world", "today", ".", "\"", "the", "song", "begins", "with", "carey", "publicly", "den", "##oun", "##cing", "the", "existence", "of", "poverty", "and", "racism", "in", "the", "world", ",", "and", "she", "uses", "the", "bridge", "to", "shift", "the", "lyrics", "towards", "an", "up", "##lifting", "and", "as", "##piration", "##al", "tone", ".", "carey", "suggests", "we", "should", "be", "more", "tolerant", "of", "each", "other", "and", "not", "resort", "so", "readily", "to", "war", "in", "the", "lyrics", "\"", "couldn", "'", "t", "we", "accept", "each", "other", "/" ]
161
vinyl. = = composition = = " there's got to be a way " is an r & b @ - @ pop music song with elements of gospel. the theme of social activism can be heard in the lyrics " there ’ s got to be a way / to connect this world today. " the song begins with carey publicly denouncing the existence of poverty and racism in the world, and she uses the bridge to shift the lyrics towards an uplifting and aspirational tone. carey suggests we should be more tolerant of each other and not resort so readily to war in the lyrics " couldn't we accept each other /
943
[ "can", "'", "t", "we", "make", "ourselves", "aware", ".", "\"", "=", "=", "critical", "reception", "=", "=", "music", "critic", "robert", "christ", "##gau", "felt", "that", "carey", "was", "being", "too", "political", "in", "her", "\"", "brave", ",", "young", ",", "ideal", "##istic", "attack", "\"", "on", "war", "and", "des", "##ti", "##tu", "##tion", ".", "ralph", "novak", ",", "david", "hilt", "##brand", "and", "david", "gr", "##ogan", "of", "people", "wrote", "that", "it", "is", "a", "\"", "testimony", "to", "her", "talent", "that", "she", "does", "so", "much", "with", "so", "little", ".", "\"", "they", "continued", "to", "write", "that", "carey", "'", "s", "\"", "tone", "and", "clarity", "\"", "makes", "\"", "there", "'", "s", "got", "to", "be", "a", "way", "\"", "a", "\"", "me", "##sm", "##eri", "##zing", "\"", "track", ".", "to", "mark", "twenty", "@", "-", "@", "five", "years", "since", "the", "release", "of", "maria", "##h", "carey", "in", "june" ]
162
can't we make ourselves aware. " = = critical reception = = music critic robert christgau felt that carey was being too political in her " brave, young, idealistic attack " on war and destitution. ralph novak, david hiltbrand and david grogan of people wrote that it is a " testimony to her talent that she does so much with so little. " they continued to write that carey's " tone and clarity " makes " there's got to be a way " a " mesmerizing " track. to mark twenty @ - @ five years since the release of mariah carey in june
943
[ "1990", ",", "billboard", "writer", "trevor", "anderson", "wrote", "a", "track", "@", "-", "@", "by", "@", "-", "@", "track", "review", "of", "the", "album", "in", "june", "2015", ".", "he", "noted", "that", "\"", "there", "'", "s", "got", "to", "be", "a", "way", "\"", "follows", "the", "same", "melodic", "tone", "as", "the", "album", "'", "s", "opener", "\"", "vision", "of", "love", "\"", "but", "highlighted", "their", "stark", "lyrical", "differences", ",", "as", "the", "former", "is", "about", "social", "activism", "and", "the", "latter", "is", "about", "love", ".", "although", "he", "praised", "carey", "'", "s", "vocals", ",", "writing", "that", "she", "\"", "deploy", "##s", "\"", "one", "of", "her", "best", "whistle", "notes", "of", "her", "career", ",", "he", "felt", "that", "\"", "the", "aim", "for", "broad", "appeal", "comes", "at", "the", "expense", "of", "memorable", "lyrics", ".", "\"", "the", "accompanying", "music", "video", "begins", "with", "a", "shot", "of", "an" ]
163
1990, billboard writer trevor anderson wrote a track @ - @ by @ - @ track review of the album in june 2015. he noted that " there's got to be a way " follows the same melodic tone as the album's opener " vision of love " but highlighted their stark lyrical differences, as the former is about social activism and the latter is about love. although he praised carey's vocals, writing that she " deploys " one of her best whistle notes of her career, he felt that " the aim for broad appeal comes at the expense of memorable lyrics. " the accompanying music video begins with a shot of an
943
[ "empty", "street", ",", "followed", "by", "clips", "of", "disadvantaged", "and", "poorer", "members", "of", "society", "going", "about", "their", "daily", "activities", ".", "two", "men", "play", "domino", "##es", "on", "a", "wooden", "crate", "outside", "a", "building", ",", "a", "gang", "make", "fun", "of", "an", "elderly", "man", "hanging", "newspapers", "outside", "his", "store", "and", "an", "obe", "##se", "woman", "walks", "down", "the", "street", ".", "clips", "of", "carey", "leaning", "against", "a", "wall", "and", "sitting", "on", "some", "steps", "looking", "on", "at", "what", "is", "happening", "are", "shown", ".", "as", "the", "first", "chorus", "begins", ",", "everyone", "starts", "to", "dance", "joy", "##fully", "in", "the", "street", "and", "help", "those", "in", "need", ".", "a", "gospel", "choir", "comes", "out", "of", "one", "of", "the", "buildings", "as", "the", "street", "becomes", "more", "crowded", "with", "people", "of", "all", "ages", "and", "backgrounds", "re", "##jo", "##icing", "and", "getting", "along", "with", "each" ]
164
empty street, followed by clips of disadvantaged and poorer members of society going about their daily activities. two men play dominoes on a wooden crate outside a building, a gang make fun of an elderly man hanging newspapers outside his store and an obese woman walks down the street. clips of carey leaning against a wall and sitting on some steps looking on at what is happening are shown. as the first chorus begins, everyone starts to dance joyfully in the street and help those in need. a gospel choir comes out of one of the buildings as the street becomes more crowded with people of all ages and backgrounds rejoicing and getting along with each
940
[ "other", ".", "one", "of", "the", "shops", "in", "the", "background", "has", "a", "neon", "light", "outside", "the", "entrance", "which", "says", "\"", "jesus", "saves", "\"", ".", "=", "=", "track", "listings", "=", "=", "\"", "there", "'", "s", "got", "to", "be", "a", "way", "\"", "(", "original", "album", "version", ")", "–", "4", ":", "52", "\"", "there", "'", "s", "got", "to", "be", "a", "way", "\"", "(", "alternative", "vocal", "dub", "mix", ")", "=", "nebraska", "highway", "88", "=", "nebraska", "highway", "88", "(", "n", "@", "-", "@", "88", ")", "is", "a", "highway", "in", "northwestern", "nebraska", ".", "it", "has", "a", "western", "terminus", "at", "wyoming", "highway", "151", "(", "w", "##yo", "151", ")", "at", "the", "wyoming", "–", "nebraska", "state", "line", ".", "the", "road", "travels", "eastward", "to", "n", "@", "-", "@", "71", ",", "where", "it", "turns", "south", ".", "n", "@", "-", "@" ]
165
other. one of the shops in the background has a neon light outside the entrance which says " jesus saves ". = = track listings = = " there's got to be a way " ( original album version ) – 4 : 52 " there's got to be a way " ( alternative vocal dub mix ) = nebraska highway 88 = nebraska highway 88 ( n @ - @ 88 ) is a highway in northwestern nebraska. it has a western terminus at wyoming highway 151 ( wyo 151 ) at the wyoming – nebraska state line. the road travels eastward to n @ - @ 71, where it turns south. n @ - @
133
[ "88", "continues", "east", "to", "south", "of", "bridgeport", ".", "the", "road", "turns", "north", ",", "ends", "at", "an", "intersection", "with", "u", ".", "s", ".", "highway", "385", "(", "us", "385", ")", "and", "n", "@", "-", "@", "92", "in", "bridgeport", ".", "the", "route", "was", "designated", "in", "1937", ",", "before", "the", "official", "state", "highway", "system", "was", "created", ".", "it", "was", "extended", "to", "the", "state", "line", "in", "1986", ".", "=", "=", "route", "description", "=", "=", "n", "@", "-", "@", "88", "starts", "at", "the", "nebraska", "–", "wyoming", "state", "line", "in", "banner", "county", ",", "where", "w", "##yo", "151", "ends", ",", "and", "travels", "northeast", ".", "the", "road", "quickly", "bends", "east", "after", "less", "than", "one", "mile", "(", "1", "@", ".", "@", "6", "km", ")", ",", "and", "continues", "in", "a", "straight", "line", ".", "for", "the", "next", "twenty", "miles", "(" ]
166
88 continues east to south of bridgeport. the road turns north, ends at an intersection with u. s. highway 385 ( us 385 ) and n @ - @ 92 in bridgeport. the route was designated in 1937, before the official state highway system was created. it was extended to the state line in 1986. = = route description = = n @ - @ 88 starts at the nebraska – wyoming state line in banner county, where wyo 151 ends, and travels northeast. the road quickly bends east after less than one mile ( 1 @. @ 6 km ), and continues in a straight line. for the next twenty miles (
978
[ "32", "km", ")", ",", "n", "@", "-", "@", "88", "intersects", "minor", "streets", ",", "through", "rural", "farmland", ".", "the", "route", "turns", "south", "at", "n", "@", "-", "@", "71", ",", "and", "becomes", "concurrent", ".", "four", "miles", "(", "6", "@", ".", "@", "4", "km", ")", "later", ",", "n", "@", "-", "@", "88", "turns", "east", ",", "ending", "the", "concurrency", "with", "n", "@", "-", "@", "71", ".", "the", "route", "continues", "to", "travel", "through", "farmland", "for", "sixteen", "miles", "(", "26", "km", ")", ",", "where", "it", "enters", "mor", "##rill", "county", ".", "the", "road", "crosses", "over", "pumpkin", "creek", "four", "times", ",", "and", "enters", "the", "unincorporated", "community", "of", "red", "##ington", ".", "two", "rock", "formations", ",", "courthouse", "and", "jail", "rocks", ",", "become", "visible", "from", "the", "road", ".", "n", "@", "-", "@", "88", "turns", "north", "toward", "bridgeport", "soon", "after" ]
167
32 km ), n @ - @ 88 intersects minor streets, through rural farmland. the route turns south at n @ - @ 71, and becomes concurrent. four miles ( 6 @. @ 4 km ) later, n @ - @ 88 turns east, ending the concurrency with n @ - @ 71. the route continues to travel through farmland for sixteen miles ( 26 km ), where it enters morrill county. the road crosses over pumpkin creek four times, and enters the unincorporated community of redington. two rock formations, courthouse and jail rocks, become visible from the road. n @ - @ 88 turns north toward bridgeport soon after
978
[ ".", "the", "road", "crosses", "over", "pumpkin", "creek", "for", "the", "fifth", "time", ",", "and", "enters", "into", "bridgeport", "five", "miles", "(", "8", "@", ".", "@", "0", "km", ")", "later", ".", "the", "road", "intersects", "a", "railroad", "owned", "by", "bn", "##sf", "railway", ".", "n", "@", "-", "@", "88", "turns", "northeast", "soon", "after", ",", "and", "ends", "at", "the", "intersection", "of", "us", "385", "and", "n", "@", "-", "@", "92", ".", "in", "2012", ",", "nebraska", "department", "of", "roads", "(", "n", "##dor", ")", "calculated", "as", "many", "as", "2", "@", ",", "@", "410", "vehicles", "traveling", "on", "the", "n", "@", "-", "@", "71", "/", "n", "@", "-", "@", "88", "concurrency", ",", "and", "as", "few", "as", "315", "vehicles", "traveling", "east", "of", "the", "banner", "–", "mor", "##rill", "county", "line", ".", "this", "is", "expressed", "in", "terms", "of", "annual", "average", "daily", "traffic" ]
168
. the road crosses over pumpkin creek for the fifth time, and enters into bridgeport five miles ( 8 @. @ 0 km ) later. the road intersects a railroad owned by bnsf railway. n @ - @ 88 turns northeast soon after, and ends at the intersection of us 385 and n @ - @ 92. in 2012, nebraska department of roads ( ndor ) calculated as many as 2 @, @ 410 vehicles traveling on the n @ - @ 71 / n @ - @ 88 concurrency, and as few as 315 vehicles traveling east of the banner – morrill county line. this is expressed in terms of annual average daily traffic
978
[ "(", "aa", "##dt", ")", ",", "a", "measure", "of", "traffic", "volume", "for", "any", "average", "day", "of", "the", "year", ".", "only", "the", "n", "@", "-", "@", "71", "/", "n", "@", "-", "@", "88", "concurrency", "is", "part", "of", "the", "national", "highway", "system", "(", "nhs", ")", ",", "a", "network", "of", "highways", "identified", "as", "being", "most", "important", "for", "the", "economy", ",", "mobility", "and", "defense", "of", "the", "nation", ".", "n", "@", "-", "@", "88", "was", "unofficially", "designated", "around", "1937", ",", "connecting", "from", "n", "@", "-", "@", "29", ",", "to", "n", "@", "-", "@", "86", "and", "n", "@", "-", "@", "19", "in", "bridgeport", ".", "the", "route", "remained", "relatively", "the", "same", "as", "the", "state", "highway", "system", "was", "officially", "designated", ".", "before", "1955", ",", "nebraska", "did", "not", "have", "an", "adequate", "legal", "instrument", "to", "define", "the", "state", "highway" ]
169
( aadt ), a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year. only the n @ - @ 71 / n @ - @ 88 concurrency is part of the national highway system ( nhs ), a network of highways identified as being most important for the economy, mobility and defense of the nation. n @ - @ 88 was unofficially designated around 1937, connecting from n @ - @ 29, to n @ - @ 86 and n @ - @ 19 in bridgeport. the route remained relatively the same as the state highway system was officially designated. before 1955, nebraska did not have an adequate legal instrument to define the state highway
975
[ "system", ".", "by", "1960", ",", "n", "@", "-", "@", "19", "was", "renumbered", "to", "us", "385", ",", "and", "us", "26", "was", "re", "##routed", "north", "near", "bridgeport", ".", "the", "old", "alignment", "became", "part", "of", "n", "@", "-", "@", "92", ".", "two", "years", "later", ",", "n", "@", "-", "@", "29", "was", "renumbered", "to", "n", "@", "-", "@", "71", ".", "between", "1981", "@", "-", "@", "82", ",", "a", "road", "appeared", "on", "the", "official", "state", "map", ",", "extending", "from", "w", "##yo", "151", "to", "n", "@", "-", "@", "71", ".", "that", "road", "became", "part", "of", "n", "@", "-", "@", "88", "by", "1986", ".", "no", "significant", "changes", "have", "been", "made", "since", ".", "=", "=", "major", "intersections", "=", "=", "=", "uss", "atlanta", "(", "1861", ")", "=", "atlanta", "was", "a", "case", "##mate", "iron", "##cl", "##ad", "that", "served" ]
170
system. by 1960, n @ - @ 19 was renumbered to us 385, and us 26 was rerouted north near bridgeport. the old alignment became part of n @ - @ 92. two years later, n @ - @ 29 was renumbered to n @ - @ 71. between 1981 @ - @ 82, a road appeared on the official state map, extending from wyo 151 to n @ - @ 71. that road became part of n @ - @ 88 by 1986. no significant changes have been made since. = = major intersections = = = uss atlanta ( 1861 ) = atlanta was a casemate ironclad that served
236
[ "in", "the", "confederate", "and", "union", "na", "##vies", "during", "the", "american", "civil", "war", ".", "she", "was", "converted", "from", "a", "scottish", "@", "-", "@", "built", "blockade", "runner", "named", "fin", "##gal", "by", "the", "confederacy", "after", "she", "made", "one", "run", "to", "savannah", ",", "georgia", ".", "after", "several", "failed", "attempts", "to", "attack", "union", "blockade", "##rs", ",", "the", "ship", "was", "captured", "by", "two", "union", "monitors", "in", "1863", "when", "she", "ran", "aground", ".", "atlanta", "was", "floated", "off", ",", "repaired", ",", "and", "rear", "##med", ",", "serving", "in", "the", "union", "navy", "for", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "war", ".", "she", "spent", "most", "of", "her", "time", "deployed", "on", "the", "james", "river", "supporting", "union", "forces", "there", ".", "the", "ship", "was", "decommissioned", "in", "1865", "and", "placed", "in", "reserve", ".", "several", "years", "after", "the", "end", "of", "the", "war", ",", "atlanta", "was", "sold" ]
171
in the confederate and union navies during the american civil war. she was converted from a scottish @ - @ built blockade runner named fingal by the confederacy after she made one run to savannah, georgia. after several failed attempts to attack union blockaders, the ship was captured by two union monitors in 1863 when she ran aground. atlanta was floated off, repaired, and rearmed, serving in the union navy for the rest of the war. she spent most of her time deployed on the james river supporting union forces there. the ship was decommissioned in 1865 and placed in reserve. several years after the end of the war, atlanta was sold
150
[ "to", "haiti", ",", "but", "was", "lost", "at", "sea", "in", "december", "1869", "on", "her", "delivery", "voyage", ".", "=", "=", "description", "and", "career", "as", "fin", "##gal", "=", "=", "fin", "##gal", "was", "designed", "and", "built", "as", "a", "merchant", "##man", "by", "j", "&", "g", "thomson", "'", "s", "clyde", "bank", "iron", "shipyard", "at", "gov", "##an", "in", "glasgow", ",", "scotland", ",", "and", "was", "completed", "early", "in", "1861", ".", "she", "was", "described", "by", "mid", "##ship", "##man", "da", "##bn", "##ey", "scales", ",", "who", "served", "on", "the", "atlanta", "before", "her", "battle", "with", "the", "monitors", ",", "as", "being", "a", "two", "@", "-", "@", "mast", "##ed", ",", "iron", "@", "-", "@", "hull", "##ed", "ship", "189", "feet", "(", "57", "@", ".", "@", "6", "m", ")", "long", "with", "a", "beam", "of", "25", "feet", "(", "7", "@", ".", "@", "6", "m", ")" ]
172
to haiti, but was lost at sea in december 1869 on her delivery voyage. = = description and career as fingal = = fingal was designed and built as a merchantman by j & g thomson's clyde bank iron shipyard at govan in glasgow, scotland, and was completed early in 1861. she was described by midshipman dabney scales, who served on the atlanta before her battle with the monitors, as being a two @ - @ masted, iron @ - @ hulled ship 189 feet ( 57 @. @ 6 m ) long with a beam of 25 feet ( 7 @. @ 6 m )
286
[ ".", "she", "had", "a", "draft", "of", "12", "feet", "(", "3", "@", ".", "@", "7", "m", ")", "and", "a", "depth", "of", "hold", "of", "15", "feet", "(", "4", "@", ".", "@", "6", "m", ")", ".", "he", "estimated", "her", "ton", "##nage", "at", "around", "700", "tons", "b", "##m", ".", "fin", "##gal", "was", "equipped", "with", "two", "vertical", "single", "@", "-", "@", "cylinder", "direct", "@", "-", "@", "acting", "steam", "engines", "using", "steam", "generated", "by", "one", "flu", "##e", "@", "-", "@", "tubular", "boiler", ".", "the", "engines", "drove", "the", "ship", "at", "a", "top", "speed", "of", "around", "13", "knots", "(", "24", "km", "/", "h", ";", "15", "mph", ")", ".", "they", "had", "a", "bore", "of", "39", "inches", "(", "99", "##1", "mm", ")", "and", "a", "stroke", "of", "30", "inches", "(", "76", "##2", "mm", ")", ".", "the", "ship", "briefly", "operated" ]
173
. she had a draft of 12 feet ( 3 @. @ 7 m ) and a depth of hold of 15 feet ( 4 @. @ 6 m ). he estimated her tonnage at around 700 tons bm. fingal was equipped with two vertical single @ - @ cylinder direct @ - @ acting steam engines using steam generated by one flue @ - @ tubular boiler. the engines drove the ship at a top speed of around 13 knots ( 24 km / h ; 15 mph ). they had a bore of 39 inches ( 991 mm ) and a stroke of 30 inches ( 762 mm ). the ship briefly operated
844
[ "between", "glasgow", "and", "other", "ports", "in", "scotland", "for", "hut", "##ches", "##on", "'", "s", "west", "highland", "service", "before", "she", "was", "purchased", "in", "september", "1861", "by", "james", "d", ".", "bull", "##och", ",", "the", "primary", "foreign", "agent", "in", "great", "britain", "for", "the", "confederacy", ",", "to", "deliver", "the", "military", "and", "naval", "ordnance", "and", "supplies", "that", "he", "had", "purchased", ".", "to", "disguise", "his", "control", "of", "fin", "##gal", ",", "and", "the", "destination", "of", "her", "cargo", ",", "bull", "##och", "hired", "an", "english", "crew", "and", "captain", "and", "put", "out", "his", "destination", "as", "bermuda", "and", "nassau", "in", "the", "bahamas", ".", "the", "cargo", "was", "loaded", "in", "green", "##ock", "in", "early", "october", ",", "although", "bullock", "and", "the", "other", "passengers", "would", "not", "attempt", "to", "board", "until", "they", "rendezvous", "##ed", "with", "the", "ship", "at", "holy", "##head", ",", "wales", ".", "on", "the" ]
174
between glasgow and other ports in scotland for hutcheson's west highland service before she was purchased in september 1861 by james d. bulloch, the primary foreign agent in great britain for the confederacy, to deliver the military and naval ordnance and supplies that he had purchased. to disguise his control of fingal, and the destination of her cargo, bulloch hired an english crew and captain and put out his destination as bermuda and nassau in the bahamas. the cargo was loaded in greenock in early october, although bullock and the other passengers would not attempt to board until they rendezvoused with the ship at holyhead, wales. on the
288
[ "night", "14", "/", "15", "october", ",", "as", "she", "was", "slowly", "rounding", "the", "break", "##water", "at", "holy", "##head", ",", "fin", "##gal", "rammed", "and", "sank", "the", "austrian", "brig", "sic", "##card", "##i", ",", "slowly", "swinging", "at", "anchor", "without", "lights", ".", "bull", "##och", "and", "the", "passengers", "embarked", "in", "the", "steamer", "while", "bull", "##och", "dispatched", "a", "letter", "to", "his", "financial", "agents", "ins", "##tructing", "them", "to", "settle", "damages", "with", "the", "brig", "'", "s", "owners", "because", "he", "could", "not", "afford", "to", "take", "the", "time", "to", "deal", "with", "the", "affair", "lest", "he", "and", "fin", "##gal", "be", "detained", ".", "the", "ship", "reached", "bermuda", "on", "2", "november", "and", ",", "after", "leaving", "port", "on", "7", "november", ",", "bull", "##och", "informed", "the", "crew", "that", "the", "steamer", "'", "s", "real", "destination", "was", "savannah", ",", "georgia", ";", "he", "offered", "to", "take", "anyone" ]
175
night 14 / 15 october, as she was slowly rounding the breakwater at holyhead, fingal rammed and sank the austrian brig siccardi, slowly swinging at anchor without lights. bulloch and the passengers embarked in the steamer while bulloch dispatched a letter to his financial agents instructing them to settle damages with the brig's owners because he could not afford to take the time to deal with the affair lest he and fingal be detained. the ship reached bermuda on 2 november and, after leaving port on 7 november, bulloch informed the crew that the steamer's real destination was savannah, georgia ; he offered to take anyone
254
[ "who", "objected", "to", "the", "plan", "to", "nassau", ".", "however", ",", "all", "of", "the", "crew", "agreed", "to", "join", "in", "the", "effort", "to", "run", "the", "union", "blockade", ".", "fin", "##gal", "was", "able", "slip", "safely", "into", "the", "savannah", "estuary", "in", "a", "heavy", "fog", "on", "the", "night", "of", "12", "november", "without", "sighting", "any", "blockade", "##rs", ".", "while", "fin", "##gal", "was", "disc", "##har", "##ging", "her", "cargo", ",", "bull", "##och", "went", "to", "richmond", "to", "con", "##fer", "with", "stephen", "mallory", ",", "secretary", "of", "the", "navy", ".", "mallory", "endorsed", "bull", "##och", "'", "s", "plan", "to", "load", "fin", "##gal", "with", "cotton", "to", "sell", "on", "the", "navy", "department", "'", "s", "account", "to", "be", "used", "to", "purchase", "more", "ships", "and", "equipment", "in", "europe", ".", "he", "returned", "to", "savannah", "on", "23", "november", "and", "it", "took", "him", "almost", "a", "month", "to" ]
176
who objected to the plan to nassau. however, all of the crew agreed to join in the effort to run the union blockade. fingal was able slip safely into the savannah estuary in a heavy fog on the night of 12 november without sighting any blockaders. while fingal was discharging her cargo, bulloch went to richmond to confer with stephen mallory, secretary of the navy. mallory endorsed bulloch's plan to load fingal with cotton to sell on the navy department's account to be used to purchase more ships and equipment in europe. he returned to savannah on 23 november and it took him almost a month to
300
[ "purchase", "a", "cargo", "and", "acquire", "enough", "coal", ".", "he", "made", "one", "attempt", "to", "break", "through", "the", "blockade", "on", "23", "december", ",", "but", "it", "proved", "impossible", "to", "do", "as", "the", "union", "controlled", "every", "channel", "from", "savannah", ",", "aided", "by", "their", "occupation", "of", "ty", "##bee", "island", "at", "the", "mouth", "of", "the", "savannah", "river", ".", "bull", "##och", "reported", "to", "mallory", "in", "late", "january", "1862", "that", "breaking", "out", "was", "hopeless", "so", "mallory", "ordered", "him", "to", "turn", "the", "ship", "over", "to", "another", "officer", "and", "to", "return", "to", "europe", "some", "other", "way", ".", "the", "brothers", "asa", "and", "nelson", "ti", "##ft", "received", "the", "contract", "to", "convert", "the", "blockade", "runner", "into", "an", "iron", "##cl", "##ad", "in", "early", "1862", "with", "the", "name", "of", "atlanta", ",", "after", "the", "city", "in", "georgia", ".", "this", "was", "largely", "financed", "by", "contributions" ]
177
purchase a cargo and acquire enough coal. he made one attempt to break through the blockade on 23 december, but it proved impossible to do as the union controlled every channel from savannah, aided by their occupation of tybee island at the mouth of the savannah river. bulloch reported to mallory in late january 1862 that breaking out was hopeless so mallory ordered him to turn the ship over to another officer and to return to europe some other way. the brothers asa and nelson tift received the contract to convert the blockade runner into an ironclad in early 1862 with the name of atlanta, after the city in georgia. this was largely financed by contributions
254
[ "from", "the", "women", "of", "savannah", ".", "fin", "##gal", "was", "cut", "down", "to", "her", "main", "deck", "and", "large", "wooden", "sp", "##ons", "##ons", "were", "built", "out", "from", "the", "sides", "of", "her", "hull", "to", "support", "her", "case", "##mate", ".", "after", "the", "conversion", ",", "atlanta", "was", "204", "feet", "(", "62", "@", ".", "@", "2", "m", ")", "long", "overall", "and", "had", "a", "beam", "of", "41", "feet", "(", "12", "m", ")", ".", "her", "depth", "of", "hold", "was", "now", "17", "feet", "(", "5", "@", ".", "@", "2", "m", ")", "and", "she", "now", "had", "a", "draft", "of", "15", "feet", "9", "inches", "(", "4", "@", ".", "@", "8", "m", ")", ".", "atlanta", "now", "displaced", "1", "@", ",", "@", "00", "##6", "long", "tons", "(", "1", "@", ",", "@", "02", "##2", "t", ")", "and", "her", "speed", "was", "estimated", "at" ]
178
from the women of savannah. fingal was cut down to her main deck and large wooden sponsons were built out from the sides of her hull to support her casemate. after the conversion, atlanta was 204 feet ( 62 @. @ 2 m ) long overall and had a beam of 41 feet ( 12 m ). her depth of hold was now 17 feet ( 5 @. @ 2 m ) and she now had a draft of 15 feet 9 inches ( 4 @. @ 8 m ). atlanta now displaced 1 @, @ 006 long tons ( 1 @, @ 022 t ) and her speed was estimated at
845
[ "7", "–", "10", "knots", "(", "13", "–", "19", "km", "/", "h", ";", "8", "@", ".", "@", "1", "–", "11", "@", ".", "@", "5", "mph", ")", ".", "the", "armor", "of", "the", "case", "##mate", "was", "angled", "at", "30", "Β°", "from", "the", "horizontal", "and", "made", "from", "two", "layers", "of", "railroad", "rails", ",", "rolled", "into", "plates", "2", "inches", "(", "51", "mm", ")", "thick", "and", "7", "inches", "(", "180", "mm", ")", "wide", ".", "the", "outer", "layer", "ran", "vertically", "and", "the", "inner", "layer", "horizontally", ".", "her", "armor", "was", "backed", "by", "3", "inches", "(", "76", "mm", ")", "of", "oak", ",", "vertically", "oriented", ",", "and", "two", "layers", "of", "7", "@", ".", "@", "5", "inches", "(", "191", "mm", ")", "of", "pine", ",", "alternating", "in", "direction", ".", "the", "bottom", "of", "the", "case", "##mate", "was", "some", "20", "inches", "(" ]
179
7 – 10 knots ( 13 – 19 km / h ; 8 @. @ 1 – 11 @. @ 5 mph ). the armor of the casemate was angled at 30 Β° from the horizontal and made from two layers of railroad rails, rolled into plates 2 inches ( 51 mm ) thick and 7 inches ( 180 mm ) wide. the outer layer ran vertically and the inner layer horizontally. her armor was backed by 3 inches ( 76 mm ) of oak, vertically oriented, and two layers of 7 @. @ 5 inches ( 191 mm ) of pine, alternating in direction. the bottom of the casemate was some 20 inches (
849
[ "50", "##8", "mm", ")", "from", "the", "water", "##line", "and", "its", "top", "was", "8", "feet", "6", "inches", "(", "2", "@", ".", "@", "59", "m", ")", "above", "the", "water", "##line", ".", "the", "pyramid", "##al", "pilot", "##house", "was", "armored", "in", "the", "same", "way", "and", "had", "room", "for", "two", "men", ".", "the", "upper", "portion", "of", "atlanta", "'", "s", "hull", "received", "two", "inches", "of", "armor", ".", "the", "rectangular", "case", "##mate", "was", "pierced", "with", "eight", "narrow", "gun", "ports", ",", "one", "each", "at", "the", "bow", "and", "stern", "and", "three", "along", "each", "side", ".", "each", "gun", "port", "was", "protected", "by", "an", "armored", "shutter", "made", "of", "two", "layers", "of", "iron", "ri", "##vet", "##ed", "together", "and", "allowed", "the", "guns", "to", "el", "##eva", "##te", "only", "to", "a", "maximum", "of", "+", "5", "to", "+", "7", "Β°", ".", "atlanta", "was", "armed" ]
180
508 mm ) from the waterline and its top was 8 feet 6 inches ( 2 @. @ 59 m ) above the waterline. the pyramidal pilothouse was armored in the same way and had room for two men. the upper portion of atlanta's hull received two inches of armor. the rectangular casemate was pierced with eight narrow gun ports, one each at the bow and stern and three along each side. each gun port was protected by an armored shutter made of two layers of iron riveted together and allowed the guns to elevate only to a maximum of + 5 to + 7 Β°. atlanta was armed
849
[ "with", "single", "@", "-", "@", "banded", ",", "7", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "(", "178", "mm", ")", "brooke", "rifles", "on", "pi", "##vot", "mounts", "at", "the", "bow", "and", "stern", ".", "the", "middle", "gun", "port", "on", "each", "side", "was", "occupied", "by", "a", "single", "@", "-", "@", "banded", ",", "6", "@", ".", "@", "4", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "(", "163", "mm", ")", "brooke", "rifle", ".", "the", "17", "@", "-", "@", "caliber", ",", "seven", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "guns", "weighed", "about", "15", "@", ",", "@", "000", "pounds", "(", "6", "@", ",", "@", "800", "kg", ")", "and", "fired", "80", "@", "-", "@", "pound", "(", "36", "kg", ")", "armor", "@", "-", "@", "piercing", "\"", "bolts", "\"", "and", "110", "@", "-", "@", "pound", "(", "50", "kg", ")", "explosive", "shells", ".", "the", "equivalent", "statistics", "for", "the", "18" ]
181
with single @ - @ banded, 7 @ - @ inch ( 178 mm ) brooke rifles on pivot mounts at the bow and stern. the middle gun port on each side was occupied by a single @ - @ banded, 6 @. @ 4 @ - @ inch ( 163 mm ) brooke rifle. the 17 @ - @ caliber, seven @ - @ inch guns weighed about 15 @, @ 000 pounds ( 6 @, @ 800 kg ) and fired 80 @ - @ pound ( 36 kg ) armor @ - @ piercing " bolts " and 110 @ - @ pound ( 50 kg ) explosive shells. the equivalent statistics for the 18
848
[ "@", ".", "@", "5", "@", "-", "@", "caliber", ",", "6", "@", ".", "@", "4", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "gun", "were", "9", "@", ",", "@", "110", "pounds", "(", "4", "@", ",", "@", "130", "kg", ")", "with", "80", "@", "-", "@", "pound", "bolts", "and", "64", "@", "-", "@", "pound", "(", "29", "kg", ")", "shells", ".", "atlanta", "was", "also", "armed", "with", "a", "20", "@", "-", "@", "foot", "(", "6", "@", ".", "@", "1", "m", ")", ",", "solid", "iron", ",", "ram", "that", "was", "reinforced", "by", "a", "series", "of", "vertical", "steel", "bars", ".", "in", "front", "of", "the", "ram", "was", "a", "spa", "##r", "torpedo", "that", "carried", "50", "pounds", "(", "23", "kg", ")", "of", "black", "powder", "on", "a", "wooden", "pole", "connected", "to", "an", "iron", "lever", "that", "could", "be", "raised", "or", "lowered", "by", "means", "of", "pull" ]
182
@. @ 5 @ - @ caliber, 6 @. @ 4 @ - @ inch gun were 9 @, @ 110 pounds ( 4 @, @ 130 kg ) with 80 @ - @ pound bolts and 64 @ - @ pound ( 29 kg ) shells. atlanta was also armed with a 20 @ - @ foot ( 6 @. @ 1 m ), solid iron, ram that was reinforced by a series of vertical steel bars. in front of the ram was a spar torpedo that carried 50 pounds ( 23 kg ) of black powder on a wooden pole connected to an iron lever that could be raised or lowered by means of pull
848
[ "##ey", "##s", ".", "on", "31", "july", "1862", ",", "under", "the", "command", "of", "lieutenant", "charles", "h", ".", "mc", "##bla", "##ir", ",", "atlanta", "conducted", "her", "sea", "trials", "down", "the", "savannah", "river", "toward", "fort", "pu", "##las", "##ki", ".", "the", "ship", "proved", "to", "be", "difficult", "to", "steer", ",", "and", "the", "additional", "weight", "of", "her", "armor", "and", "guns", "significantly", "reduced", "her", "speed", "and", "increased", "her", "draft", ".", "this", "latter", "was", "a", "real", "problem", "in", "the", "shallow", "waters", "near", "savannah", ".", "she", "also", "leaked", "significantly", ",", "and", "her", "design", "virtually", "eliminated", "air", "circulation", ".", "one", "report", "said", "that", "\"", "it", "was", "almost", "into", "##ler", "##able", "on", "board", "the", "atlanta", ",", "there", "being", "no", "method", "of", "ventilation", ",", "and", "the", "heat", "was", "intense", ".", "\"", "scales", "commented", "in", "his", "diary", ",", "\"", "what", "a", "comfort" ]
183
##eys. on 31 july 1862, under the command of lieutenant charles h. mcblair, atlanta conducted her sea trials down the savannah river toward fort pulaski. the ship proved to be difficult to steer, and the additional weight of her armor and guns significantly reduced her speed and increased her draft. this latter was a real problem in the shallow waters near savannah. she also leaked significantly, and her design virtually eliminated air circulation. one report said that " it was almost intolerable on board the atlanta, there being no method of ventilation, and the heat was intense. " scales commented in his diary, " what a comfort
420
[ "##less", ",", "in", "##fer", "##nal", "and", "god", "@", "-", "@", "for", "##sa", "##ken", "ship", "!", "!", "\"", "attempts", "were", "made", "to", "fix", "the", "problems", "and", "were", "at", "least", "partially", "successful", "in", "stopping", "many", "of", "the", "leaks", ".", "the", "ship", "was", "commissioned", "on", "22", "november", "and", "became", "the", "flagship", "of", "flag", "officer", "josiah", "ta", "##tt", "##nall", ",", "commander", "of", "the", "naval", "defenses", "of", "georgia", ".", "under", "pressure", "from", "mallory", "to", "engage", "the", "block", "##ading", "ships", ",", "ta", "##tt", "##nall", "attempted", "to", "engage", "them", "before", "any", "iron", "##cl", "##ads", "arrived", "on", "5", "january", "1863", ",", "but", "army", "engineers", "could", "not", "clear", "the", "obstacles", "blocking", "the", "channel", "in", "a", "timely", "manner", ",", "despite", "early", "coordination", "being", "made", "by", "ta", "##tt", "##nall", "to", "do", "so", ".", "it", "took", "another", "month", "to", "actually" ]
184
##less, infernal and god @ - @ forsaken ship!! " attempts were made to fix the problems and were at least partially successful in stopping many of the leaks. the ship was commissioned on 22 november and became the flagship of flag officer josiah tattnall, commander of the naval defenses of georgia. under pressure from mallory to engage the blockading ships, tattnall attempted to engage them before any ironclads arrived on 5 january 1863, but army engineers could not clear the obstacles blocking the channel in a timely manner, despite early coordination being made by tattnall to do so. it took another month to actually
171
[ "clear", "the", "obstacles", "and", "two", "monitors", "arrived", "before", "the", "end", "of", "january", ".", "nonetheless", "ta", "##tt", "##nall", "attempted", "to", "pass", "through", "the", "obstruction", "##s", "during", "high", "tide", "on", "3", "february", ",", "but", "high", "winds", "prevented", "the", "water", "from", "rising", "enough", "to", "allow", "the", "ship", "to", "do", "so", ".", "after", "atlanta", "successfully", "passed", "through", "them", "on", "19", "march", ",", "ta", "##tt", "##nall", "planned", "to", "attack", "the", "union", "base", "at", "port", "royal", ",", "south", "carolina", "while", "the", "monitors", "were", "attacking", "charleston", ".", "desert", "##ers", "revealed", "ta", "##t", "##nall", "'", "s", "plan", "while", "he", "was", "waiting", "at", "the", "head", "of", "was", "##sa", "##w", "sound", "and", "he", "was", "forced", "to", "retreat", "when", "three", "monitors", "augmented", "the", "defenses", "at", "port", "royal", ".", "dissatisfied", "with", "ta", "##tt", "##nall", "'", "s", "perceived", "lack", "of", "aggressive" ]
185
clear the obstacles and two monitors arrived before the end of january. nonetheless tattnall attempted to pass through the obstructions during high tide on 3 february, but high winds prevented the water from rising enough to allow the ship to do so. after atlanta successfully passed through them on 19 march, tattnall planned to attack the union base at port royal, south carolina while the monitors were attacking charleston. deserters revealed tatnall's plan while he was waiting at the head of wassaw sound and he was forced to retreat when three monitors augmented the defenses at port royal. dissatisfied with tattnall's perceived lack of aggressive
386
[ "##ness", ",", "mallory", "replaced", "ta", "##tt", "##nall", "as", "commander", "of", "the", "savannah", "squadron", "later", "that", "month", "with", "commander", "richard", "l", ".", "page", ".", "page", ",", "in", "his", "turn", "was", "relieved", "in", "may", "by", "commander", "william", "a", ".", "webb", ";", "atlanta", "remained", "the", "squadron", "flagship", "throughout", "this", "time", ".", "webb", "demonstrated", "his", "aggressive", "##ness", "when", "he", "attempted", "to", "sort", "##ie", "on", "the", "first", "spring", "tide", "(", "30", "may", ")", "after", "taking", "command", ",", "but", "atlanta", "'", "s", "forward", "engine", "broke", "down", "after", "he", "had", "passed", "the", "obstruction", "##s", ",", "and", "the", "ship", "ran", "aground", ".", "she", "was", "not", "damaged", "although", "it", "took", "over", "a", "day", "to", "pull", "her", "free", ".", "he", "planned", "to", "make", "another", "attempt", "on", "the", "next", "full", "tide", ",", "rejecting", "mallory", "'", "s", "idea", "that", "he" ]
186
##ness, mallory replaced tattnall as commander of the savannah squadron later that month with commander richard l. page. page, in his turn was relieved in may by commander william a. webb ; atlanta remained the squadron flagship throughout this time. webb demonstrated his aggressiveness when he attempted to sortie on the first spring tide ( 30 may ) after taking command, but atlanta's forward engine broke down after he had passed the obstructions, and the ship ran aground. she was not damaged although it took over a day to pull her free. he planned to make another attempt on the next full tide, rejecting mallory's idea that he
244
[ "wait", "until", "the", "nearly", "complete", "iron", "##cl", "##ad", "savannah", "was", "finished", "before", "his", "next", "sort", "##ie", ".", "in", "the", "meantime", ",", "rear", "admiral", "samuel", "f", ".", "du", "pont", ",", "commander", "of", "the", "south", "atlantic", "block", "##ading", "squadron", ",", "had", "ordered", "the", "monitors", "wee", "##hawk", "##en", "and", "nah", "##ant", "into", "was", "##sa", "##w", "sound", ".", "commander", "john", "rodgers", "in", "wee", "##hawk", "##en", "had", "overall", "command", "of", "the", "two", "ships", ".", "in", "the", "early", "evening", "of", "15", "june", ",", "webb", "began", "his", "next", "attempt", "by", "passing", "over", "the", "lower", "obstruction", "##s", "in", "the", "wilmington", "river", "and", "spent", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "night", "coal", "##ing", ".", "he", "moved", "forward", "the", "next", "evening", "to", "a", "concealed", "position", "within", "easy", "reach", "of", "the", "monitors", "for", "an", "attack", "early", "the", "following", "morning", ".", "webb" ]
187
wait until the nearly complete ironclad savannah was finished before his next sortie. in the meantime, rear admiral samuel f. du pont, commander of the south atlantic blockading squadron, had ordered the monitors weehawken and nahant into wassaw sound. commander john rodgers in weehawken had overall command of the two ships. in the early evening of 15 june, webb began his next attempt by passing over the lower obstructions in the wilmington river and spent the rest of the night coaling. he moved forward the next evening to a concealed position within easy reach of the monitors for an attack early the following morning. webb
150
[ "planned", "to", "sink", "one", "of", "the", "monitors", "with", "his", "spa", "##r", "torpedo", "and", "then", "deal", "with", "the", "other", "one", "with", "his", "guns", ".", "the", "gun", "##boat", "iso", "##ndi", "##ga", "and", "the", "tug", "##boat", "res", "##ol", "##ute", "were", "to", "accompany", "him", "to", "tow", "one", "or", "both", "of", "the", "monitors", "back", "to", "savannah", ".", "a", "lookout", "aboard", "wee", "##hawk", "##en", "spotted", "atlanta", "at", "04", ":", "10", "on", "the", "morning", "of", "17", "june", ".", "when", "the", "latter", "ship", "closed", "to", "within", "about", "1", "@", ".", "@", "5", "miles", "(", "2", "@", ".", "@", "4", "km", ")", "of", "the", "two", "union", "ships", ",", "she", "fired", "one", "round", "from", "her", "bow", "gun", "that", "passed", "over", "wee", "##hawk", "##en", "and", "landed", "near", "nah", "##ant", ".", "shortly", "afterward", ",", "atlanta", "ran", "aground", "on", "a", "sand" ]
188
planned to sink one of the monitors with his spar torpedo and then deal with the other one with his guns. the gunboat isondiga and the tugboat resolute were to accompany him to tow one or both of the monitors back to savannah. a lookout aboard weehawken spotted atlanta at 04 : 10 on the morning of 17 june. when the latter ship closed to within about 1 @. @ 5 miles ( 2 @. @ 4 km ) of the two union ships, she fired one round from her bow gun that passed over weehawken and landed near nahant. shortly afterward, atlanta ran aground on a sand
877
[ "##bar", ";", "she", "was", "briefly", "able", "to", "free", "herself", ",", "but", "the", "pressure", "of", "the", "tide", "pushed", "her", "back", "onto", "the", "sand", "##bar", ".", "this", "time", "webb", "was", "unable", "to", "get", "off", "and", "the", "monitors", "closed", "the", "range", ".", "when", "wee", "##hawk", "##en", ",", "the", "leading", "ship", ",", "closed", "to", "within", "200", "–", "300", "yards", "(", "180", "–", "270", "m", ")", "she", "opened", "fire", "with", "both", "of", "her", "guns", ".", "the", "11", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "(", "279", "mm", ")", "shell", "missed", ",", "but", "the", "15", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "(", "381", "mm", ")", "shell", "struck", "the", "iron", "##cl", "##ad", "above", "the", "port", "middle", "gun", "port", ",", "penetrated", "her", "armor", "and", "broke", "the", "wooden", "backing", "behind", "it", ",", "spraying", "splinter", "##s", "and", "fragments", "that", "disabled", "the", "entire", "gun" ]
189
##bar ; she was briefly able to free herself, but the pressure of the tide pushed her back onto the sandbar. this time webb was unable to get off and the monitors closed the range. when weehawken, the leading ship, closed to within 200 – 300 yards ( 180 – 270 m ) she opened fire with both of her guns. the 11 @ - @ inch ( 279 mm ) shell missed, but the 15 @ - @ inch ( 381 mm ) shell struck the ironclad above the port middle gun port, penetrated her armor and broke the wooden backing behind it, spraying splinters and fragments that disabled the entire gun
848
[ "crew", "and", "half", "the", "crew", "of", "the", "bow", "gun", ",", "even", "though", "it", "failed", "to", "clean", "##ly", "penetrate", "through", "the", "backing", ".", "the", "next", "shot", "from", "the", "11", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "dahl", "##gren", "gun", "struck", "the", "upper", "hull", "and", "started", "a", "small", "leak", "even", "though", "it", "failed", "to", "penetrate", "the", "two", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "armor", "there", ".", "the", "next", "shell", "from", "the", "15", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "dahl", "##gren", "glanced", "off", "the", "middle", "starboard", "gun", "shutter", "as", "it", "was", "being", "opened", ",", "wounding", "half", "the", "gun", "'", "s", "crew", "with", "fragments", ".", "the", "final", "shell", "was", "also", "from", "the", "15", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "dahl", "##gren", "and", "it", "struck", "the", "top", "of", "the", "pilot", "##house", ",", "breaking", "the", "armor", "there", "and", "wounding", "both", "pilots", "in", "it" ]
190
crew and half the crew of the bow gun, even though it failed to cleanly penetrate through the backing. the next shot from the 11 @ - @ inch dahlgren gun struck the upper hull and started a small leak even though it failed to penetrate the two @ - @ inch armor there. the next shell from the 15 @ - @ inch dahlgren glanced off the middle starboard gun shutter as it was being opened, wounding half the gun's crew with fragments. the final shell was also from the 15 @ - @ inch dahlgren and it struck the top of the pilothouse, breaking the armor there and wounding both pilots in it
848
[ ".", "by", "this", "time", ",", "atlanta", "had", "been", "able", "to", "fire", "only", "seven", "shots", ",", "none", "of", "which", "hit", "either", "union", "ship", ",", "and", "was", "hard", "aground", "with", "high", "tide", "not", "due", "for", "another", "hour", "and", "a", "half", ".", "wee", "##hawk", "##en", "and", "nah", "##ant", "were", "able", "to", "freely", "maneuver", "into", "positions", "from", "which", "the", "atlanta", "'", "s", "narrow", "gun", "ports", "would", "not", "allow", "her", "to", "reply", "and", "the", "damage", "already", "inflicted", "by", "the", "former", "ship", "made", "further", "resistance", "futile", ".", "webb", "surrendered", "his", "ship", "within", "15", "minutes", "of", "opening", "fire", ",", "before", "nah", "##ant", "even", "had", "a", "chance", "to", "fire", ".", "of", "the", "iron", "##cl", "##ad", "'", "s", "21", "officers", "and", "124", "enlisted", "men", ",", "one", "man", "was", "killed", "and", "another", "sixteen", "were", "wounded", "badly", "enough", "to" ]
191
. by this time, atlanta had been able to fire only seven shots, none of which hit either union ship, and was hard aground with high tide not due for another hour and a half. weehawken and nahant were able to freely maneuver into positions from which the atlanta's narrow gun ports would not allow her to reply and the damage already inflicted by the former ship made further resistance futile. webb surrendered his ship within 15 minutes of opening fire, before nahant even had a chance to fire. of the ironclad's 21 officers and 124 enlisted men, one man was killed and another sixteen were wounded badly enough to
865
[ "require", "hospital", "##ization", ".", "atlanta", "was", "easily", "pulled", "free", "by", "the", "union", "ships", "and", "she", "reached", "port", "royal", "under", "her", "own", "power", ".", "not", "badly", "damaged", ",", "she", "was", "repaired", "and", "bought", "by", "the", "union", "navy", ".", "the", "prize", "money", "of", "$", "350", "@", ",", "@", "000", "was", "shared", "between", "the", "crews", "of", "wee", "##hawk", "##en", ",", "nah", "##ant", "and", "the", "gun", "##boat", "ci", "##mar", "##ron", ",", "the", "only", "ships", "within", "signaling", "distance", ".", "the", "ship", "retained", "her", "name", "and", "was", "commissioned", "again", "on", "2", "february", "1864", ",", "rear", "##med", "with", "a", "pair", "of", "8", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "(", "203", "mm", ")", ",", "150", "@", "-", "@", "pound", "parrot", "##t", "rifles", "in", "the", "bow", "and", "stern", "and", "6", "@", ".", "@", "4", "@", "-", "@", "inch", "," ]
192
require hospitalization. atlanta was easily pulled free by the union ships and she reached port royal under her own power. not badly damaged, she was repaired and bought by the union navy. the prize money of $ 350 @, @ 000 was shared between the crews of weehawken, nahant and the gunboat cimarron, the only ships within signaling distance. the ship retained her name and was commissioned again on 2 february 1864, rearmed with a pair of 8 @ - @ inch ( 203 mm ), 150 @ - @ pound parrott rifles in the bow and stern and 6 @. @ 4 @ - @ inch,
848
[ "100", "@", "-", "@", "pound", "parrot", "##t", "rifles", "amid", "##ship", "##s", ".", "the", "150", "@", "-", "@", "pound", "parrot", "##t", "rifle", "weighed", "16", "@", ",", "@", "500", "pounds", "(", "7", "@", ",", "@", "500", "kg", ")", "and", "was", "17", "caliber", "##s", "long", ".", "the", "100", "@", "-", "@", "pounder", "weighed", "9", "@", ",", "@", "800", "pounds", "(", "4", "@", ",", "@", "400", "kg", ")", "and", "was", "20", "caliber", "##s", "long", ".", "it", "fired", "a", "100", "@", "-", "@", "pound", "(", "45", "kg", ")", "shell", "a", "distance", "of", "6", "@", ",", "@", "900", "yards", "(", "6", "@", ",", "@", "300", "m", ")", "at", "an", "elevation", "of", "+", "25", "Β°", ".", "all", "four", "of", "her", "brooke", "rifles", "are", "currently", "located", "in", "willard", "park", "in", "the", "washington", "navy", "yard", ".", "atlanta" ]
193
100 @ - @ pound parrott rifles amidships. the 150 @ - @ pound parrott rifle weighed 16 @, @ 500 pounds ( 7 @, @ 500 kg ) and was 17 calibers long. the 100 @ - @ pounder weighed 9 @, @ 800 pounds ( 4 @, @ 400 kg ) and was 20 calibers long. it fired a 100 @ - @ pound ( 45 kg ) shell a distance of 6 @, @ 900 yards ( 6 @, @ 300 m ) at an elevation of + 25 Β°. all four of her brooke rifles are currently located in willard park in the washington navy yard. atlanta
846
[ "was", "assigned", "to", "the", "north", "atlantic", "block", "##ading", "squadron", "and", "spent", "most", "of", "her", "time", "stationed", "up", "the", "james", "river", "where", "she", "could", "support", "operations", "against", "richmond", "and", "defend", "against", "a", "sort", "##ie", "by", "the", "iron", "##cl", "##ads", "of", "the", "james", "river", "squadron", ".", "on", "21", "may", "1864", ",", "she", "and", "the", "gun", "##boat", "dawn", "fired", "on", "and", "dispersed", "confederate", "cavalry", "that", "was", "attacking", "fort", "pow", "##hat", "##an", "and", "she", "was", "deployed", "further", "up", "##river", "in", "february", "1865", "after", "the", "battle", "of", "trent", "'", "s", "reach", "to", "better", "blockade", "the", "confederate", "iron", "##cl", "##ads", "at", "richmond", ".", "after", "the", "end", "of", "the", "war", "in", "april", ",", "atlanta", "was", "decommissioned", "in", "philadelphia", "on", "21", "june", "1865", "and", "placed", "in", "reserve", "at", "league", "island", ".", "she", "was", "sold", "to", "sam" ]
194
was assigned to the north atlantic blockading squadron and spent most of her time stationed up the james river where she could support operations against richmond and defend against a sortie by the ironclads of the james river squadron. on 21 may 1864, she and the gunboat dawn fired on and dispersed confederate cavalry that was attacking fort powhatan and she was deployed further upriver in february 1865 after the battle of trent's reach to better blockade the confederate ironclads at richmond. after the end of the war in april, atlanta was decommissioned in philadelphia on 21 june 1865 and placed in reserve at league island. she was sold to sam
859
[ "ward", "on", "4", "may", "1869", "for", "the", "price", "of", "$", "25", "@", ",", "@", "000", "and", "subsequently", "delivered", "to", "representatives", "of", "haiti", "on", "8", "december", "by", "sydney", "oaks", "##mith", ",", "a", "lawyer", "who", "had", "received", "an", "advance", "of", "$", "50", "@", ",", "@", "000", "on", "her", "purchase", "price", "of", "$", "260", "@", ",", "@", "000", ".", "the", "ship", "was", "briefly", "seized", "by", "the", "customs", "service", ",", "possibly", "for", "violations", "of", "neutrality", "laws", "as", "she", "had", "just", "loaded", "four", "large", "guns", "and", "a", "number", "of", "recruits", "for", "the", "forces", "of", "sy", "##lva", "##in", "sal", "##na", "##ve", ",", "president", "of", "haiti", ",", "who", "was", "em", "##bro", "##iled", "in", "a", "civil", "war", ".", "atlanta", "was", "released", "and", "sailed", "for", "port", "@", "-", "@", "au", "@", "-", "@", "prince", "three", "days", "later" ]
195
ward on 4 may 1869 for the price of $ 25 @, @ 000 and subsequently delivered to representatives of haiti on 8 december by sydney oaksmith, a lawyer who had received an advance of $ 50 @, @ 000 on her purchase price of $ 260 @, @ 000. the ship was briefly seized by the customs service, possibly for violations of neutrality laws as she had just loaded four large guns and a number of recruits for the forces of sylvain salnave, president of haiti, who was embroiled in a civil war. atlanta was released and sailed for port @ - @ au @ - @ prince three days later
286
[ ".", "she", "broke", "down", "in", "delaware", "bay", "and", "had", "to", "put", "in", "at", "chester", ",", "pennsylvania", "for", "repairs", ".", "the", "ship", ",", "now", "renamed", "either", "triumph", "or", "tri", "##um", "##fo", ",", "departed", "on", "18", "december", "1869", "and", "vanished", "en", "route", ",", "apparently", "sinking", "with", "the", "loss", "of", "all", "hands", ",", "either", "off", "cape", "hat", "##tera", "##s", "or", "the", "delaware", "cape", "##s", ".", "=", "jacqueline", "fernandez", "=", "jacqueline", "fernandez", "(", "born", "11", "august", "1985", ")", "is", "a", "sri", "lankan", "actress", ",", "former", "model", ",", "and", "the", "winner", "of", "the", "2006", "miss", "universe", "sri", "lanka", "pageant", ".", "as", "miss", "universe", "sri", "lanka", "she", "represented", "her", "country", "at", "the", "2006", "world", "miss", "universe", "pageant", ".", "she", "graduated", "with", "a", "degree", "in", "mass", "communication", "from", "the", "university", "of", "sydney", ",", "and", "worked" ]
196
. she broke down in delaware bay and had to put in at chester, pennsylvania for repairs. the ship, now renamed either triumph or triumfo, departed on 18 december 1869 and vanished en route, apparently sinking with the loss of all hands, either off cape hatteras or the delaware capes. = jacqueline fernandez = jacqueline fernandez ( born 11 august 1985 ) is a sri lankan actress, former model, and the winner of the 2006 miss universe sri lanka pageant. as miss universe sri lanka she represented her country at the 2006 world miss universe pageant. she graduated with a degree in mass communication from the university of sydney, and worked
277
[ "as", "a", "television", "reporter", "in", "sri", "lanka", ".", "while", "on", "a", "modelling", "assignment", "in", "india", "in", "2009", ",", "fernandez", "successfully", "auditioned", "for", "su", "##joy", "g", "##hosh", "'", "s", "fantasy", "drama", "ala", "##din", ",", "which", "marked", "her", "acting", "debut", ".", "fernandez", "'", "breakthrough", "role", "was", "in", "mo", "##hit", "sur", "##i", "'", "s", "psychological", "thriller", "murder", "2", "(", "2011", ")", ",", "her", "first", "commercial", "success", ".", "this", "was", "followed", "by", "g", "##lam", "##orous", "roles", "in", "the", "ensemble", "@", "-", "@", "comedy", "house", "##ful", "##l", "2", "(", "2012", ")", "and", "its", "sequel", "house", "##ful", "##l", "3", ",", "and", "the", "action", "thriller", "race", "2", "(", "2013", ")", ",", "all", "of", "which", "were", "box", "@", "-", "@", "office", "successes", ".", "her", "performance", "in", "the", "first", "of", "these", "garnered", "her", "an", "ii", "##fa", "award" ]
197
as a television reporter in sri lanka. while on a modelling assignment in india in 2009, fernandez successfully auditioned for sujoy ghosh's fantasy drama aladin, which marked her acting debut. fernandez'breakthrough role was in mohit suri's psychological thriller murder 2 ( 2011 ), her first commercial success. this was followed by glamorous roles in the ensemble @ - @ comedy housefull 2 ( 2012 ) and its sequel housefull 3, and the action thriller race 2 ( 2013 ), all of which were box @ - @ office successes. her performance in the first of these garnered her an iifa award
740
[ "for", "best", "supporting", "actress", "nomination", ".", "in", "2014", ",", "fernandez", "played", "the", "leading", "lady", "in", "sa", "##ji", "##d", "nadia", "##d", "##wala", "'", "s", "kick", ",", "which", "is", "one", "of", "the", "highest", "@", "-", "@", "grossing", "bollywood", "films", "of", "all", "time", ".", "one", "of", "the", "most", "popular", "actresses", "in", "india", ",", "she", "was", "the", "recipient", "of", "the", "ii", "##fa", "award", "for", "star", "debut", "of", "the", "year", "–", "female", "in", "2010", ".", "alongside", "her", "screen", "acting", "career", ",", "fernandez", "has", "participated", "in", "stage", "shows", ",", "and", "is", "active", "in", "humanitarian", "work", ".", "=", "=", "early", "life", "and", "modeling", "career", "=", "=", "fernandez", "was", "born", "on", "11", "august", "1985", ",", "in", "mana", "##ma", ",", "bahrain", ",", "and", "was", "raised", "in", "a", "multi", "@", "-", "@", "ethnic", "family", ".", "her", "father", "," ]
198
for best supporting actress nomination. in 2014, fernandez played the leading lady in sajid nadiadwala's kick, which is one of the highest @ - @ grossing bollywood films of all time. one of the most popular actresses in india, she was the recipient of the iifa award for star debut of the year – female in 2010. alongside her screen acting career, fernandez has participated in stage shows, and is active in humanitarian work. = = early life and modeling career = = fernandez was born on 11 august 1985, in manama, bahrain, and was raised in a multi @ - @ ethnic family. her father,
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elroy, is sri lankan, and her mother, kim, is of malaysian descent. her grandfather, on her mother's side of the family, is canadian and her great grandparents were from goa, india. her father, who was a musician in sri lanka, moved to bahrain in the 1980s to escape civil unrest between the tamils and sinhalese and subsequently met her mother who was an air hostess. she is the youngest of four children with one elder sister and two elder brothers. she hosted television shows in bahrain at the age of fourteen. after receiving her early education in bahrain, she pursued a degree in mass communication from the
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