cahya/nusa-mt huggingface dataset:
English: This has led many gamblers to move online, with many online gambling sites reporting significant increases in their rates of new sign-ups.The entertainment industry has also been affected, with various music groups suspending or cancelling concert tours.
Indonesian: Hal ini menyebabkan banyak penjudi berpindah ke judi daring, banyak situs judi daring melaporkan peningkatan pendaftaran baru yang signifikan. Industri hiburan juga telah terpengaruh, dengan berbagai grup musik menunda atau membatalkan tur konser.
English: Many large theatres such as those on Broadway also suspended all performances.
Indonesian: Banyak teater besar seperti Broadway juga menunda semua pertunjukan.
English: Some artists have explored ways to continue to produce and share work over the internet as an alternative to traditional live performance, such as live streaming concerts or creating web-based "festivals" for artists to perform, distribute, and publicize their work.
Indonesian: Seniman mengeksplorasi berbagai cara untuk terus menghasilkan dan berbagi karya melalui internet sebagai alternatif untuk pertunjukan langsung tradisional, seperti konser siaran langsung daring atau membuat "festival" berbasis web bagi para seniman untuk tampil, menyebarkan, dan mempublikasikan karya mereka.
English: Online, numerous coronavirus-themed Internet memes have spread as many turn to humour and distraction amid uncertainty.
Indonesian: Banyak meme Internet bertema koronavirus disebarkan daring dengan banyaknya orang yang beralih ke humor dan pengalih perhatian di tengah ketidakpastian.
English: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, heightened prejudice, xenophobia, and racism have been noted toward people of Chinese and East Asian descent, and against people from hotspots in Europe, the United States and other countries.
Indonesian: Sejak merebaknya wabah COVID-19, teramati adanya peningkatan prasangka, xenofobia, dan rasisme terhadap orang keturunan Tionghoa dan Asia Timur, serta terhadap orang dari wilayah yang terdampak di Eropa, Amerika Serikat, dan negara-negara lain.
English: Incidents of fear, suspicion, and hostility have been observed in many countries, particularly in Europe, East Asia, North America, and the Asia-Pacific region.
Indonesian: Insiden ketakutan, kecurigaan, dan permusuhan teramati di banyak negara, terutama di Eropa, Asia Timur, Amerika Utara, dan wilayah Asia-Pasifik.
English: Reports from February (when the majority of the cases had still been confined to China) have documented racist sentiments expressed in various groups worldwide of Chinese people deserving the virus or receiving what has been claimed as justified retribution.
Indonesian: Laporan dari bulan Februari (ketika mayoritas kasus masih terbatas di Tiongkok) mencatat sentimen rasis yang diungkapkan dalam berbagai grup di seluruh dunia bahwa orang Tionghoa pantas menerima virus atau menerima hal yang mereka klaim sebagai ganjaran yang setimpal.
English: Some countries in Africa have also seen a rise in anti-Chinese sentiment.
Indonesian: Beberapa negara di Afrika juga mengalami peningkatan sentimen anti-Tiongkok.
English: Many residents of Wuhan and Hubei have reported discrimination based on their regional origin.
Indonesian: Banyak penduduk Wuhan dan Hubei melaporkan diskriminasi karena asal daerah mereka.
English: There has been support for the Chinese, both on and offline, and towards those in virus-stricken areas.
Indonesian: Sudah ada dukungan untuk orang Tionghoa, baik daring maupun luring, dan untuk orang-orang di daerah yang terdampak virus.
English: Following the progression of the outbreak to new hotspot countries, people from Italy, the first country in Europe to experience a serious outbreak of COVID-19, could also be subjected to suspicion and xenophobia.Citizens in countries including Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and South Korea initially signed petitions lobbying to ban Chinese people from entering their countries in an effort to stop the disease.
Indonesian: Menyusul perkembangan wabah ke negara-negara hotspot baru, orang dari Italia, negara pertama di Eropa yang mengalami wabah serius COVID-19, juga bisa menjadi sasaran kecurigaan dan xenofobia. Warga di negara-negara mencakup Malaysia, Selandia Baru, Singapura, dan Korea Selatan pada awalnya menandatangani petisi untuk melarang orang Tionghoa memasuki negara mereka dalam upaya untuk menghentikan penyakit.
English: In Japan, the hashtag #ChineseDontComeToJapan trended on Twitter.
Indonesian: Di Jepang, tagar #ChineseDontComeToJapan menjadi tren di Twitter.
English: Chinese people as well as other Asians in the United Kingdom and the United States have reported increasing levels of racist abuse, as well as assaults.
Indonesian: Orang Tionghoa serta orang Asia lainnya di Inggris Raya dan Amerika Serikat melaporkan peningkatan tingkat pelecehan rasis dan penyerangan.
English: U.S. president Donald Trump has faced criticism for referring to the coronavirus as the "Chinese Virus", a term considered by critics to be racist and anti-Chinese.
Indonesian: Presiden AS Donald Trump dikritik karena menyebut koronavirus sebagai "Virus Tiongkok", istilah yang oleh para kritikus dianggap rasis dan anti-Tiongkok.
English: Protesters in Ukraine attacked buses carrying Ukrainian and foreign evacuees from Wuhan to Novi Sanzhary.
Indonesian: Para pengunjuk rasa di Ukraina menyerang bus-bus yang membawa orang Ukraina dan orang asing yang dievakuasi dari Wuhan ke Novi Sanzhary.
English: Students who come from Northeast India, which shares a border with China, and study in major Indian cities have reportedly experienced harassment related to the coronavirus outbreak.
Indonesian: Siswa yang berasal dari India Timur Laut, yang berbatasan dengan Tiongkok, dan belajar di kota-kota besar India dilaporkan mengalami pelecehan terkait wabah koronavirus.
English: The Bharatiya Janata Party's State unit president in West Bengal Dilip Ghosh stated that the Chinese had destroyed nature and "that's why the God took revenge against them."
Indonesian: Presiden Partai Bharatiya Janata unit negara bagian di Benggala Barat Dilip Ghosh menyatakan bahwa Tiongkok telah menghancurkan alam dan "itulah sebabnya Tuhan membalas dendam kepada mereka."
English: The remarks were later condemned by the Chinese consulate in Kolkata, calling it "erroneous".In China, xenophobia and racism agains non-Chinese residents has been inflamed by the pandemic, with foreigners described as "foreign garbage" and targeted for "disposal".
Indonesian: Pernyataan itu kemudian dikecam oleh konsulat Tiongkok di Kolkata, dengan menyebutnya "keliru".Di Tiongkok, xenofobia dan rasisme terhadap penduduk non-Tionghoa berkobar karena pandemi, dengan orang asing digambarkan sebagai "sampah asing" dan ditargetkan untuk "pembuangan".
English: Many newspapers with paywalls have removed them for some or all of their coronavirus coverage.
Indonesian: Banyak surat kabar yang menggunakan penyekatan berbayar telah menghapusnya untuk sebagian atau semua liputan koronavirus mereka.
English: Many scientific publishers made scientific papers related to the outbreak available with open access.
Indonesian: Banyak penerbit ilmiah membuat makalah ilmiah terkait wabah tersedia dengan akses terbuka.
English: Some scientists chose to share their results quickly on preprint servers such as bioRxiv.
Indonesian: Beberapa ilmuwan memilih untuk membagikan hasilnya dengan cepat di server pracetak, seperti bioRxiv.
English: Emerging infectious disease – Infectious disease of emerging pathogen, often novel in its outbreak range or transmission mode
Indonesian: Penyakit menular baru – Penyakit infeksi patogen yang baru muncul, sering kali baru dalam jangkauan wabah atau metode penularannya
English: Globalization and disease – Overview of globalization and disease transmission
Indonesian: Globalisasi dan penyakit - Tinjauan globalisasi dan penularan penyakit
English: List of epidemics and pandemics – A list of death tolls due to infectious disease
Indonesian: Daftar epidemi dan pandemi - Daftar korban jiwa karena penyakit menular
English: Wildlife smuggling and zoonoses – Health risks associated with the trade in exotic wildlife
Indonesian: Penyelundupan satwa liar dan zoonosis - Risiko kesehatan yang terkait dengan perdagangan satwa liar eksotis
English: Laboratory testing for the respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the associated SARS-CoV-2 virus includes methods that detect the presence of virus and those that detect antibodies produced in response to infection.
Indonesian: Pengujian laboratorium untuk penyakit pernapasan koronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) dan virus SARS-CoV-2 mencakup metode yang mendeteksi keberadaan virus dan yang mendeteksi antibodi yang diproduksi sebagai respons terhadap infeksi.
English: The presence of viruses in samples is confirmed by RT-PCR, which detects the coronavirus' RNA.
Indonesian: Keberadaan virus dalam sampel dikonfirmasi dengan RT-PCR, yang mendeteksi RNA koronavirus.
English: This test is specific and is designed to only detect the RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Indonesian: Pengujian ini spesifik dan dirancang untuk mendeteksi RNA virus SARS-CoV-2 semata.
English: It is used to confirm very recent or active infections.
Indonesian: Pengujian ini digunakan untuk mengonfirmasi infeksi baru atau masih aktif.
English: Detection of antibodies (serology) can be used both for diagnosis and population surveillance.
Indonesian: Deteksi antibodi (serologi) dapat digunakan untuk diagnosis dan surveilans populasi.
English: Antibody tests show how many people have had the disease, including those whose symptoms were too minor to report or who were asymptomatic.
Indonesian: Uji antibodi menunjukkan jumlah orang yang sudah tertular, mencakup orang yang gejalanya terlalu ringan untuk dilaporkan atau yang tanpa gejala.
English: An accurate mortality rate of the disease and the level of herd immunity in the population can be determined from the results of this test.
Indonesian: Angka mortalitas penyakit yang akurat dan tingkat kekebalan kelompok dalam populasi dapat ditentukan dari hasil uji ini.
English: Due to limited testing, as of March 2020 no countries had reliable data on the prevalence of the virus in their population.
Indonesian: Karena pengujian terbatas, hingga Maret 2020, belum ada negara yang memiliki data andal tentang prevalensi virus dalam populasinya.
English: By 23 March, no country had tested more than 3% of their population, and there are massive variations in how much testing has been done across countries.
Indonesian: Hingga 23 Maret, belum ada negara yang menguji lebih dari 3% populasinya, dan ada variasi besar dalam jumlah pengujian yang telah dilakukan negara-negara.
English: This variability is also likely to be significantly affecting reported case fatality rates, which are likely to be significantly over-estimated in some countries.
Indonesian: Variabilitas ini mungkin juga memengaruhi secara signifikan angka fatalitas kasus yang dilaporkan, yang kemungkinan besar dihitung terlalu tinggi di beberapa negara.
English: Using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) the test can be done on respiratory samples obtained by various methods, including nasopharyngeal swab or sputum sample.
Indonesian: Menggunakan reaksi rantai polimerase transkripsi balik real-time (rRT-PCR), uji ini dapat dilakukan pada sampel pernapasan yang diperoleh dengan berbagai metode, termasuk usap nasofaring atau sampel sputum.
English: Results are generally available within a few hours to 2 days.
Indonesian: Umumnya, hasil tersedia dalam beberapa jam hingga dua hari.
English: The RT-PCR test performed with throat swabs is only reliable in the first week of the disease.
Indonesian: Uji RT-PCR yang dilakukan pada usap tenggorokan hanya dapat diandalkan pada minggu pertama penyakit.
English: Later on the virus can disappear in the throat while it continues to multiply in the lungs.
Indonesian: Nantinya, virus bisa menghilang di tenggorokan selagi terus bereplikasi di paru.
English: For infected people tested in the second week, alternatively sample material can then be taken from the deep airways by suction catheter or coughing up material (sputum) can be used.
Indonesian: Sebagai alternatif, untuk orang terinfeksi yang diuji pada minggu kedua, bahan sampel dapat diambil dari saluran napas dalam dengan menggunakan kateter isap atau bahan yang dikeluarkan melalui batuk (sputum) dapat digunakan.
English: One of the early PCR tests was developed at Charité in Berlin in January 2020 using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), and formed the basis of 250,000 kits for distribution by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Indonesian: Salah satu uji PCR awal dikembangkan di Charité, Berlin, pada Januari 2020 menggunakan reaksi rantai polimerase transkripsi balik real-time (rRT-PCR), dan membentuk setidaknya 250.000 alat uji untuk didistribusikan oleh Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO).
English: The United Kingdom had also developed a test by 23 January 2020.The South Korean company Kogenebiotech developed a clinical grade, PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 detection kit (PowerChek Coronavirus) on 28 January 2020.
Indonesian: Inggris Raya juga mengembangkan pengujian pada 23 Januari 2020.Perusahaan Korea Selatan Kogenebiotech mengembangkan alat pendeteksi SARS-CoV-2 berbasis PCR (PowerChek Coronavirus) yang bertaraf klisnis pada 28 Januari 2020.
English: It looks for the "E" gene shared by all beta coronaviruses, and the RdRp gene specific to SARS-CoV-2.In China, BGI Group was one of the first companies to receive emergency use approval from China's National Medical Products Administration for a PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 detection kit.In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is distributing its 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel to public health labs through the International Reagent Resource.
Indonesian: Perangkat ini mencari gen "E" yang dimiliki semua beta koronavirus, dan gen RdRp yang spesifik untuk SARS-CoV-2.Di Tiongkok, BGI Group adalah salah satu perusahaan pertama yang menerima persetujuan penggunaan darurat dari Administrasi Produk Medis Nasional Tiongkok untuk alat pendeteksi SARS-CoV-2 berbasis PCR. Di Amerika Serikat, Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit (CDC) mendistribusikan Panel Diagnostik RT-PCR Real-Time Koronavirus Baru 2019 (2019-nCoV) ke laboratorium kesehatan masyarakat melalui International Reagent Resource.
English: One of three genetic tests in older versions of the test kits caused inconclusive results due to faulty reagents, and a bottleneck of testing at the CDC in Atlanta; this resulted in an average of fewer than 100 samples a day being successfully processed throughout the whole of February 2020.
Indonesian: Satu dari tiga uji genetik di alat uji versi lama memberikan hasil yang tidak meyakinkan karena kesalahan reagen, dan jumlah pengujian di CDC di Atlanta terbatas; hal ini mengakibatkan rata-rata kurang dari 100 sampel per hari berhasil diproses sepanjang Februari 2020.
English: Tests using two components were not determined to be reliable until 28 February 2020, and it was not until then that state and local laboratories were permitted to begin testing.
Indonesian: Pengujian menggunakan dua komponen dianggap tidak dapat diandalkan hingga 28 Februari 2020, dan baru setelah itu laboratorium negara bagian dan laboratorium lokal diizinkan untuk melakukan pengujian.
English: The test was approved by the Food and Drug Administration under an Emergency Use Authorization.US commercial labs began testing in early March 2020.
Indonesian: Uji ini disetujui oleh Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Amerika Serikat berdasarkan Otorisasi Penggunaan Darurat. Laboratorium komersial AS mulai melakukan pengujian pada awal Maret 2020.
English: As of 5 March 2020 LabCorp announced nationwide availability of COVID-19 testing based on RT-PCR.
Indonesian: Per 5 Maret 2020, LabCorp mengumumkan ketersediaan pengujian COVID-19 berbasis RT-PCR pada skala nasional.
English: Quest Diagnostics similarly made nationwide COVID-19 testing available as of 9 March 2020.
Indonesian: Begitu pula, Quest Diagnostics membuat pengujian COVID-19 tersedia secara nasional pada 9 Maret 2020.
English: No quantity limitations were announced; specimen collection and processing must be performed according to CDC requirements.
Indonesian: Tidak ada batasan kuantitas yang diumumkan; pengumpulan dan pemrosesan spesimen harus dilakukan sesuai dengan persyaratan CDC.
English: In Russia, the COVID-19 test was developed and produced by the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR.
Indonesian: Di Rusia, uji COVID-19 dikembangkan dan diproduksi oleh Pusat Riset Negara Bagian Virologi dan Bioteknologi VECTOR.
English: On 11 February 2020 the test was registered by the Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare.On 12 March 2020, Mayo Clinic was reported to have developed a test to detect COVID-19 infection.On 13 March 2020, Roche Diagnostics received FDA approval for a test which could be performed within 3.5 hours in high volume, thus allowing one machine to do approximately 4,128 tests in a 24-hour period.
Indonesian: Pada 11 Februari 2020, uji tersebut didaftarkan oleh Layanan Federal untuk Surveilans dalam Perawatan Kesehatan. Pada 12 Maret 2020, Mayo Clinic dilaporkan mengembangkan uji untuk mendeteksi infeksi COVID-19. Pada 13 Maret 2020, Roche Diagnostics menerima persetujuan FDA untuk pengujian yang dapat dilakukan dalam waktu 3,5 jam dengan volume tinggi sehingga satu mesin dapat melakukan sekitar 4.128 pengujian dalam waktu 24 jam.
English: On 19 March 2020, the FDA issued emergency use authorization (EUA) to Abbott Laboratories for a test on Abbott's m2000 system; the FDA had previously issued similar authorization to Hologic, LabCorp, and Thermo Fisher Scientific.
Indonesian: Pada 19 Maret 2020, FDA mengeluarkan otorisasi penggunaan darurat (EUA) kepada Abbott Laboratories untuk pengujian pada sistem m2000 Abbott; FDA sebelumnya telah mengeluarkan otorisasi yang sama kepada Hologic, LabCorp, dan Thermo Fisher Scientific.
English: On 21 March 2020, Cepheid similarly received EUA from the FDA for a test that takes about 45 minutes.
Indonesian: Pada 21 Maret 2020, Cepheid juga menerima EUA dari FDA untuk pengujian yang memakan waktu sekitar 45 menit.
English: The FDA has approved a test that uses isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology instead of PCR.
Indonesian: FDA telah menyetujui pengujian yang menggunakan teknologi amplifikasi asam nukleat isotermal yang bukan PCR.
English: Since this does not require a series of alternating temperature cycles this method can deliver positive results in as little as five minutes and negative results in 13 minutes.
Indonesian: Karena tidak memerlukan serangkaian siklus pergantian suhu, metode ini dapat memberikan hasil positif hanya dalam waktu lima menit dan hasil negatif dalam 13 menit.
English: There are currently about 18,000 of these machines in the U.S. and Abbott expects to ramp up manufacturing to deliver 50,000 tests per day.A test which uses a monoclonal antibody which specifically binds to the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of the novel coronavirus is being developed in Taiwan, with the hope that it can provide results in 15 to 20 minutes just like a rapid influenza test.
Indonesian: Saat ini ada sekitar 18.000 mesin ini di AS dan Abbott mengantisipasi untuk meningkatkan produksi hingga menghasilkan 50.000 uji per hari. Uji yang menggunakan antibodi monoklonal yang secara spesifik mengikat protein nukleokapsid (protein N) koronavirus baru sedang dikembangkan di Taiwan, dengan harapan dapat memberikan hasil dalam waktu 15 hingga 20 menit seperti uji influenza cepat.
English: A March 2020 literature review concluded that "chest radiographs are of little diagnostic value in early stages, whereas CT [computed tomography] findings may be present even before symptom onset."
Indonesian: Sebuah tinjauan pustaka yang diterbitkan pada Maret 2020 menyimpulkan bahwa "foto toraks memiliki nilai diagnostik yang kecil pada tahap awal, sememtara temuan CT [tomografi terkomputasi] mungkin sudah ada sebelum awitan gejala."
English: Typical features on CT include bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacificities with a peripheral, asymmetric and posterior distribution.
Indonesian: Fitur khas pada CT termasuk opasitas ground-glass multilobar bilateral dengan distribusi perifer, asimetri, dan posterior.
English: Subpleural dominance, crazy paving and consolidation develop as the disease evolves.
Indonesian: Dominasi subpleura, crazy paving, dan konsolidasi terbentuk seiring perkembangan penyakit.
English: A study comparing PCR to CT in Wuhan at the point of origin of the current pandemic has suggested that CT is significantly more sensitive than PCR, though less specific, with many of its imaging features overlapping with other pneumonias and disease processes.
Indonesian: Di Wuhan, sebuah studi yang membandingkan PCR dengan CT di titik asal pandemi saat ini menunjukkan bahwa CT secara signifikan lebih sensitif daripada PCR, meskipun kurang spesifik, dengan banyak fitur pencitraan tumpang tindih dengan pneumonia dan proses penyakit lainnya.
English: As of March 2020, the American College of Radiology recommends that "CT should not be used to screen for or as a first-line test to diagnose COVID-19".As of March 2020, the CDC recommends PCR for initial screening.
Indonesian: Pada Maret 2020, American College of Radiology merekomendasikan "CT tidak boleh digunakan untuk penapisan atau sebagai uji lini pertama dalam mendiagnosis COVID-19."Pada Maret 2020, CDC merekomendasikan PCR untuk penapisan awal.
English: Part of the immune response to infection is the production of antibodies including IgM and IgG.
Indonesian: Bagian dari respons imun terhadap infeksi adalah pembentukan antibodi yang mencakup IgM dan IgG.
English: These can be used to detect infection in individuals starting 7 days or so after the onset of symptoms, to determine immunity, and in population surveillance.Assays can be performed in central laboratories (CLT) or by point-of-care testing (PoCT).
Indonesian: Hal ini dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi infeksi pada individu sejak sekitar 7 hari setelah awitan gejala, untuk menentukan imunitas terhadap penyakit, dan dalam surveilans populasi. Pemeriksaan dapat dilakukan di laboratorium pusat (CLT) atau dengan pengujian point-of-care (PoCT).
English: The high-throughput automated systems in many clinical laboratories will be able to perform these assays but their availability will depend on the rate of production for each system.
Indonesian: Sistem otomatis dengan hasil tinggi di banyak laboratorium klinis akan dapat melakukan pemeriksaan ini, tetapi ketersediaannya akan tergantung pada tingkat produksi untuk setiap sistem.
English: For CLT a single specimen of peripheral blood is commonly used, although serial specimens can be used to follow the immune response.
Indonesian: Untuk CLT, umumnya digunakan satu spesimen darah perifer, meskipun serangkaian spesimen dapat digunakan untuk mengikuti respon imun.
English: For PoCT a single specimen of blood is usually obtained by skin puncture.
Indonesian: Untuk PoCT, umumnya digunakan satu spesimen darah perifer yang diperoleh melalui tusukan kulit.
English: Unlike PCR methods an extraction step is not needed before assay.On March 26, 2020, the FDA named 29 entities that provided notification to the agency as required and are now therefore able to distribute their antibody tests.
Indonesian: Tidak seperti metode PCR, langkah ekstraksi tidak diperlukan sebelum pemeriksaan. Pada 26 Maret 2020, FDA menyebutkan 29 lembaga yang menyediakan pemberitahuan kepada agensi sebagaimana diperlukan dan karena itu kini dapat mendistribusikan uji antibodi mereka.