{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{언어 정보
|이름=틀링깃어
|자기이름=Lingít
|발음={{IPA|[ɬìn.kítʰ]}}
|나라=[[미국]], [[캐나다]]
|지역=[[알래스카주]], [[브리티시컬럼비아주]], [[유콘주]], [[워싱턴주]]
|계통색=나데네
|계통1=([[데네예니세이어족]]?)
|계통2=[[나데네어족]]
|민족=[[틀링깃족]]
|인구=1360명 (부족 인구의 9%)<br/>미국 1240명 (2009-2013년)<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2013/demo/2009-2013-lang-tables.html|title=Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English|last=Bureau|first=US Census|website=www.census.gov|language=en-US|access-date=2017-11-01}}</ref><br/>캐나다 120명 (2016년)<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/98-200-x/2016022/98-200-x2016022-eng.cfm|title=Census in Brief: The Aboriginal languages of First Nations people, Métis and Inuit|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|language=en|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date=2017-11-01}}</ref>
|문자=[[로마자]]
|공용나라={{국기나라|알래스카주}}
|iso2=tli
|iso3=tli
|glotto=tlin1245
|glottorefname=Tlingit
|지도=Tlingit-map.png
|지도크기=250px
|지도 설명=틀링깃어 사용 지역
}}
'''틀링깃어'''({{llang|en|Tlingit|클링킷, 클링깃}}, {{llang|tli|Lingít|린키트}})는 [[알래스카]] 동남부와 [[캐나다 서부]]의 [[아메리카 원주민|원주민]]인 [[틀링깃족]]의 언어이다. [[나데네어족]]의 한 갈래를 이룬다.

== 음운론 ==
=== 자음 ===
다음 표에는 틀링깃어의 자음 음소를 일반적인 철자법과 [[국제 음성 기호]]로 나타내었다. 지위가 약한 음소는 괄호 안에 넣었다.

:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! rowspan=2 colspan=2| 
! rowspan=2 | [[양순음]]
! colspan=2 | [[치경음]]
! rowspan=2 | [[경구개음]]
! colspan=2 | [[연구개음]]
! colspan=2 | [[구개수음]]
! colspan=2 | [[성문음]]
|- class="small"
! [[중설음]]
! [[설측음]]
! 기본
! [[순음화]]
! 기본
! 순음화
! 기본
! 순음화
|-
! rowspan=3 | [[파열음]]
! <small>[[무기음]]</small>
| 
| '''d''' {{IPA|[t]}}
| 
| 
| '''g''' {{IPA|[k]}}
| '''gw''' {{IPA|[kʷ]}}
| '''gh''' {{IPA|[q]}}
| '''ghw''' {{IPA|[qʷ]}}
| ''' . ''' {{IPA|[ʔ]}}
|('''.w''' {{IPA|[ʔʷ]}})
|-
! <small>[[유기음]]</small>
| 
| '''t''' {{IPA|[tʰ]}}
| 
| 
| '''k''' {{IPA|[kʰ]}}
| '''kw''' {{IPA|[kʷʰ]}}
| '''kh''' {{IPA|[qʰ]}}
| '''khw''' {{IPA|[qʷʰ]}}
| 
|
|-
! <small>[[방출음]]</small>
| 
| '''t' ''' {{IPA|[tʼ]}}
| 
| 
| '''k' ''' {{IPA|[kʼ]}}
| '''k'w''' {{IPA|[kʷʼ]}}
| '''kh' ''' {{IPA|[qʼ]}}
| '''kh'w''' {{IPA|[qʷʼ]}}
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan=3 | [[파찰음]]
! <small>무기음</small>
| 
| '''dz''' {{IPA|[ts]}}
| '''dl''' {{IPA|[tɬ]}}
| '''j''' {{IPA|[tʃ]}}
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! <small>유기음</small>
| 
| '''ts''' {{IPA|[tsʰ]}}
| '''tl''' {{IPA|[tɬʰ]}}
| '''ch''' {{IPA|[tʃʰ]}}
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! <small>방출음</small>
| 
| '''ts' ''' {{IPA|[tsʼ]}}
| '''tl' ''' {{IPA|[tɬʼ]}}
| '''ch' ''' {{IPA|[tʃʼ]}}
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[마찰음]]
! <small>[[무성음]]</small>
| 
| '''s''' {{IPA|[s]}}
| '''l''' {{IPA|[ɬ]}}
| '''sh''' {{IPA|[ʃ]}}
| '''x''' {{IPA|[x]}}
| '''xw''' {{IPA|[xʷ]}}
| '''xh''' {{IPA|[χ]}}
| '''xhw''' {{IPA|[χʷ]}}
| '''h''' {{IPA|[h]}}
| ('''hw''' {{IPA|[hʷ]}})
|-
! <small>방출음</small>
| 
| '''s' ''' {{IPA|[sʼ]}}
| '''l' ''' {{IPA|[ɬʼ]}}
| 
| '''x' ''' {{IPA|[xʼ]}}
| '''x'w''' {{IPA|[xʷʼ]}}
| '''xh' ''' {{IPA|[χʼ]}}
| '''xh'w''' {{IPA|[χʷʼ]}}
| 
| 
|-
! colspan=2 | [[비음]]
| ('''m''' {{IPA|[m]}})
| '''n''' {{IPA|[n]}}
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! colspan=2 | [[접근음]]
| 
| 
| ('''ll''' {{IPA|[l]}})
| '''y''' {{IPA|[j]}}
| ('''ÿ''' {{IPA|[ɰ]}})
| '''w''' {{IPA|[w]}}
| 
| 
| 
| 
|}

== 각주 ==
<references />

== 참고 문헌 ==
{{참고 자료 시작}}
* Beck, David. (2001). "Conventionality and lexical classes", pp.&nbsp;19–26 in ''Proceedings of WSCLA 5: The Workshop on Structure and Constituency in Languages of the Americas'', Gessner, Suzanne; Oh, Sunyoung; & Shiobara, Kayono (eds.). Volume 5 of ''Working Papers in Linguistics''. University of British Columbia: Vancouver, British Columbia.
* Bird, Sonya. (2001). "What is a word? Evidence from a computational approach to Navajo verbal morphology", pp.&nbsp;27–35 in ''Proceedings of WSCLA 5: The Workshop on Structure and Constituency in Languages of the Americas'', Gessner, Suzanne; Oh, Sunyoung; & Shiobara, Kayono (eds.). Volume 5 of ''Working Papers in Linguistics''. University of British Columbia: Vancouver, British Columbia.
* Boas, Franz. (1917). ''[https://archive.org/details/cu31924027108970 Grammatical notes on the language of the Tlingit Indians]''. University of Pennsylvania Museum anthropological publications.
* Cable, Seth. (2004). ''A metrical analysis of syncope in Tlingit''. Manuscript. [http://web.mit.edu/scable/www/work/papers/Tlingit-Syncope-11-21.pdf]
* Dauenhauer, Nora M.; & Dauenhauer, Richard (Eds.). (1987). ''Haa Shuká, Our Ancestors''. Number 1 in ''Classics of Tlingit Oral Literature''. University of Washington & Sealaska Heritage Foundation: Seattle, Washington.
* ——— (1990). ''Haa Tuwunáagu Yís, For Healing Our Spirit''. Number 2 in ''Classics of Tlingit Oral Literature''. University of Washington & Sealaska Heritage Foundation: Seattle, Washington.
* ——— (Eds.). (1994). ''Haa K̲usteeyí, Our Culture: Tlingit life stories''. Number 3 in ''Classics of Tlingit Oral Literature''. University of Washington & Sealaska Heritage Foundation: Seattle, Washington.
* ——— (Eds.). (1995). "A Tlingit ceremonial speech by Willie Marks", pp.&nbsp;239–244 in Dürr, M; Renner, E.; & Oleschinski, W. (Eds.), ''Language and Culture in Native North America: Studies in honor of Heinz-Jürgen Pinnow''. Number 2 in ''LINCOM Studies in Native American Linguistics''. LINCOM: Munich, Germany. {{ISBN|3-89586-004-2}}.
* ——— (2000). ''Beginning Tlingit'', 4th ed. Sealaska Heritage Foundation Press: Juneau, Alaska. {{ISBN|0-9679311-1-8}}. First edition 1994.
* ——— (2002). ''Lingít X̲'éinax̲ Sá! Say it in Tlingit: A Tlingit phrase book''. Sealaska Heritage Institute: Juneau, Alaska. {{ISBN|0-9679311-1-8}}.
* ——— (2002). ''Intermediate Tlingit (draft)''. Manuscript.
* Dauenhauer, Richard. (1974). ''Text and context of Tlingit oral tradition''. PhD dissertation. University of Wisconsin: Madison, Wisconsin.
* Dryer, Matthew. (1985). "Tlingit: An object-initial language?", ''Canadian Journal of Linguistics'' 30:1–13.
* Goddard, Pliny Earle. (1920). "Has Tlingit a genetic relationship to Athapascan", ''International Journal of American Linguistics'' 1:266–279.
* Leer, Jeffery A. (1979). ''Proto-Athabaskan Verb Stem Variation, Part One: Phonology''. Volume 1 in ''Alaska Native Language Center Research Papers''. Alaska Native Language Center: Fairbanks, Alaska.
* ——— (1990). Tlingit: A portmanteau language family? In P. Baldi (Ed.), ''Linguistics change and reconstruction methodology'' (pp.&nbsp;73–98). Mouton de Gruyter: Berlin, Germany.
* ——— (1991). ''The Schetic Categories of the Tlingit verb''.  PhD dissertation. University of Chicago Department of Linguistics: Chicago, Illinois.
* ——— (2000). "The negative/irrealis category in Athabaskan–Eyak–Tlingit", ch. 6 pp.&nbsp;101–138 in ''The Athabaskan Languages: Perspectives on a Native American Language Family'', Fernald, Theodore B. & Platero, Paul R. (eds.). Volume 24 in ''Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics''. Oxford University Press: Oxford, England. {{ISBN|0-19-511947-9}}.
* Leer, Jeff; Hitch, David; & Ritter, John. (2001). ''Interior Tlingit Noun Dictionary: The dialects spoken by Tlingit elders of Carcross and Teslin, Yukon, and Atlin, British Columbia''. Yukon Native Language Center: Whitehorse, Yukon. {{ISBN|1-55242-227-5}}.
* Maddieson, Ian; Smith, Caroline L.; & Bessell, Nicola. (2001). Aspects of the phonetics of Tlingit. ''Anthropological Linguistics'' 43(2): 135–176.
* Naish, Constance M. (1966). ''A syntactic study of Tlingit''. Master's dissertation. University of North Dakota.
* Naish, Constance M.; & Story, Gillian L. (1973). ''[https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_tli_morsyn-1 Tlingit verb dictionary]''. Summer Institute of Linguistics: College, Alaska. {{ISBN|0-933769-25-3}}
* ——— (1996). ''The English-Tlingit dictionary: Nouns'' (3rd ed.; H. Davis & J. Leer, Eds.). Sheldon Jackson College: Sitka, Alaska. (Revision of the [https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_tli_number-1 Naish-Story dictionary of 1963].)
* Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen. (1962). "Two problems of the historical phonology of Na-Dene languages". ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', 28:162–166.
* ——— (1966). ''Grundzüge einer historischen Lautlehre des Tlingit: ein Versuch''. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
* ——— (1976). ''Geschichte der Na-Dene-Forschung''. (Indiana : Beihefte ; 5). Berlin: Mann. {{ISBN|3-7861-3027-2}}
* Swanton, John. (1911). "[https://archive.org/stream/tlingitmythstexts00swanrich Tlingit]", pp.&nbsp;159–204 in ''Handbook of American Indian Languages''. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C.
* {{서적 인용|last1=Swanton|first1=John Reed|title=Tlingit myths and texts|url=https://archive.org/details/tlingitmythsand00unkngoog|accessdate=26 August 2012|year=1909|publisher=Govt. Printing Office}}
{{참고 자료 끝}}

== 외부 링크 ==
{{인큐베이터|코드=tli}}
* [http://tlingitlanguage.com/ Lingít Yoo X̲'atángi: The Tlingit Language]
** [http://tlingitlanguage.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Grammar-of-Tlingit-Language.pdf A Grammar of the Tlingit Language]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190720024929/http://www.alaskool.org/language/indexing/tlingindex.htm Tlingit Teaching and Learning Aids]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20080517115917/http://www.alaskool.org/language/dictionaries/akn/dictionary.asp Tlingit Noun Dictionary]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20190820002809/http://www.alaskool.org/language/dictionaries/akn/tlingit/information/Index_Verb.html Tlingit Verb Dictionary (unfinished)]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20190725191527/http://www.alaskool.org/native_ed/literature/TongassTexts/Intro_TT.htm Tongass Text]
* [http://www.asna.ca/alaska/index.html#tlingit Alaskan Orthodox texts (Tlingit)] {{웨이백|url=http://www.asna.ca/alaska/index.html#tlingit |date=20091121055317 }}, 1812–1920 (cf. [http://www.archdiocese.ca/articles/alaskan-orthodox-texts-project-celebrates-its-10th-anniversary The Alaskan Orthodox Texts Project celebrates its 10th anniversary], May 2015)
* [https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/russian/russch8.html The Russian Church and Native Alaskan Cultures: Preserving Native Languages]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200129220959/http://www.ynlc.ca/ Yukon Native Language Centre]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060117194706/http://home.bluemarble.net/~langmin/miniatures/tlingit.htm Talking about Beliefs: The Alaskan Tlingit language today]
* [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=new100&morpho=0&basename=new100\nde\tli&limit=-1 Tlingit basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080330034434/http://anashinteractive.com/ Anash Interactive]
* [http://www.drangle.com/~james/dictionary/ Tlingit lexicographic database] done in TshwaneLex; PDF version produced using [[XeLaTeX]]

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:나데네어족]]
[[분류:미국의 언어]]
[[분류:캐나다의 언어]]