{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
'''기포드 강연'''(Gifford Lectures)은 유명한 연회 시리즈의 [[강의]]로 [[아담 기포드 경]](Adam Lord Gifford)에 의해 설립되었다. 신학, 종교, 철학, 과학에 이르는 영역의 주제를 가지고 해당 분야의 세계적인 학자들에 의해 발표되고 책으로 출판된다.
이 강의는 [[스코틀랜드]] 대학인 [[세인트앤드루스 대학교]], [[글래스고 대학교]], [[애버딘 대학교]], [[에든버러 대학교]]에서 진행된다.

== 역대 강연자들 ==
=== 애버딘 대학교 발표자 ===
* 1896–98 [[James Ward (psychologist)|James Ward]] ''Naturalism and Agnosticism''
* 1898–00 [[Josiah Royce]] ''The World and the Individual''
* 1901-02 [[윌리엄 제임스]] [[s:The Varieties of Religious Experience|''The Varieties of Religious Experience'']]
* 1904-06 [[James Adam (classicist)|James Adam]] [https://archive.org/stream/religiousteache00marigoog#page/n11/mode/1up ''The Religious Teachers of Greece]
* 1907-1908 [[Hans Driesch]] ''The Science and Philosophy of the Organism''
* 1911–13 [[앤드루 세스 프링글패티슨]] ''The Idea of God in the light of Recent Philosophy''
* 1914–15 [[윌리엄 리치 솔리]] [https://archive.org/details/moralvaluesideao00sorlrich ''Moral Values and the Idea of God'']
* 1927-28 [[알프레드 노스 화이트헤드]]Alfred North Whitehead ''[[Process and Reality]]''
* 1930–32 [[에티엔 질송]] ''The Spirit of Medieval Philosophy''
* 1936–38 [[카를 바르트]] ''The Knowledge of God and the Service of God according to the Teaching of the Reformation''
* 1939–40 [[Arthur Darby Nock]] ''Hellenistic Religion - The Two Phases''
* 1949–50 [[가브리엘 마르셀]] ''[[The Mystery of Being]]'' {{ISBN|1-890318-85-X}}, '' Faith and Reality'' {{ISBN|1-890318-86-8}}
* 1951–52 [[마이클 폴라니]] ''Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy'', {{ISBN|0-226-67288-3}}
* 1953–54 [[폴 틸리히]] ''Systematic Theology'' (3 vols.): {{ISBN|0-226-80337-6}}, {{ISBN|0-226-80338-4}}, {{ISBN|0-226-80339-2}}
* 1963, 1965 [[앨리스터 하디]] ''The Living Stream'', ''The Divine Flame''
* 1965–1967 [[레몽 아롱]] ''La Conscience historique dans la pensée et dans l'action''
* 1973 [[한나 아렌트]] ''Life of the Mind''
* 1982–84 [[리처드 스윈번]] ''The Evolution of the Soul'', {{ISBN|0-19-823698-0}}
* 1984–85 [[프리먼 다이슨]] ''[[Infinite In All Directions]]'', {{ISBN|0-06-072889-2}}
* 1989–91 [[이언 바버]] ''Religion in an Age of Science'', {{ISBN|0-06-060383-6}}
* 1992–93 [[야로슬라프 펠리칸]] ''Christianity and Classical Culture: The Metamorphosis of Natural Theology in the Christian Encounter With Hellenism'', {{ISBN|0-300-06255-9}}
* 1994–95 [[존 W. 로저슨]] ''Faith and Criticism in the Work of William Robertson Smith, 1846-1894''
* 1994–95 [[M. A. 스튜어트]] ''New Light and Enlightenment''
* 1994–95 [[피터 존스]] ''Science and Religion before and after Hume''
* 1994–95 [[제임스 H. 번스]] ''The Order of Nature''
* 1994–95 [[알렉산더 브로디]] ''The Shadow of Scotus''
* 1997–98 [[러셀 스태너드]] ''The God Experiment''
* 2000–01 [[John Habgood, Baron Habgood|John S. Habgood]] ''The Concept of Nature''
* 2003–04 [[John Joseph Haldane|John Haldane]] ''Mind, Soul and Deity''
* 2003 [[Eleonore Stump]] ''Wandering in the Darkness''
* 2007 [[스티븐 패티슨]] ''Seeing Things: Deepening Relations with Visual Artefacts'', {{ISBN|978-0-334-04149-8}}
* 2009 [[앨리스터 맥그래스]] ''A Fine-Tuned Universe: The Quest for God in Science and Theology'', {{ISBN|978-0-664-23310-5}}
* 2012 [[새라 코클리]] ''Sacrifice Regained: Evolution, Cooperation and God''
* 2014 [[데이비드 N. 리빙스턴]] ''Dealing with Darwin: Place, Politics and Rhetoric in Religious Engagements with Evolution''

=== 에든버러 대학교 발표자 ===
* 1891 [[조지 스토크스]] ''Natural Theology''
* 1896-98 C. P. Tiele ''Elements of the Science of Religion Volume 1'', ISBN-10: 1020372524; ''Elements of the Science of Religion Volume 2'', ISBN-10: 1314007513
* 1900–02 [[윌리엄 제임스]] ''[[The Varieties of Religious Experience]]'', {{ISBN|0-679-64011-8}} (several editions in print)
* 1909–10 [[윌리엄 웨이드 파울러]] ''The Religious Experience of the Roman People'', {{ISBN|0-8154-0372-0}}
* 1911–12 [[버나드 보전켓]] ''The Principle of Individuality and Value'', {{ISBN|0-527-10036-6}}
* 1913–14 [[앙리 베르그송]] ''The Problem of Personality''
* 1915–16 [[윌리엄 미첼 램지]] ''Asianic Elements in Greek Civilization'', {{ISBN|0-89005-173-9}}
* 1919–21 [[조지 스타우트]] ''Mind and Matter'' pub. 1931
* 1921–23 [[앤드루 세스 프링글패티슨]] ''Studies in the Philosophy of Religion'', {{ISBN|0-404-60474-9}}
* 1923–25 [[제임스 조지 프레이저]] ''The Worship of Nature'' {{ISBN|1-56459-532-3}}
* 1926–27 [[아서 에딩턴]] ''The Nature of the Physical World'', {{ISBN|0-472-06015-5}}
* 1927–28 [[앨프리드 노스 화이트헤드]] ''Process and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology'', {{ISBN|0-02-934570-7}}
* 1928–29 [[존 듀이]] ''The Quest for Certainty: A Study of the Relation of Knowledge and Action'', {{ISBN|1-4179-0845-9}}
* 1934–35 [[알베르트 슈바이처]] ''The Problem of Natural Theology and Natural Ethics'' (unpublished)
* 1937–38 [[찰스 셰링턴]] ''Man on His Nature'', {{ISBN|0-521-06436-8}}
* 1938–40 [[라인홀드 니버]] ''The Nature and Destiny of Man: A Christian Interpretation '', (2 vol set): {{ISBN|0-664-25709-7}}
* 1947–49 [[크리스토퍼 도슨]] part 1:''Religion and Culture'' {{ISBN|0-404-60498-6}} part 2: [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=d5rTOQqqTywC&oi=fnd&pg=PT3&ots=ZIXY7AyEZK&sig=oUkU0f7OWJ1larZdARA1Hx1Sk70#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Religion and the Rise of Western Culture''] (1950) {{ISBN|0-385-42110-9}}
* 1949–50 [[닐스 보어]] ''Causality and Complementarity: Epistemological Lessons of Studies in Atomic Physics'', {{ISBN|1-881987-14-0}}
* 1952–53 [[아널드 J. 토인비]] ''An Historian's Approach to Religion'', {{ISBN|0-19-215260-2}}
* 1954–55 [[루돌프 불트만]] ''History and Eschatology: The Presence of Eternity'', {{ISBN|0-8371-8123-2}}
* 1961–62 [[John Baillie (theologian)|John Baillie]] [http://www.giffordlectures.org/lectures/sense-presence-god ''The Sense of the Presence of God''] {{웨이백|url=http://www.giffordlectures.org/lectures/sense-presence-god |date=20171026001502 }}
* 1973–74 [[오언 채드윅]] ''The Secularisation of the European Mind in the 19th Century'', {{ISBN|0-521-39829-0}}
* 1974–76 [[Stanley Jaki]] ''The Road of Science and the Ways to God'', {{ISBN|0-226-39145-0}}
* 1978–79 [[존 에클스|존 에클스 경]] ''The Human Mystery'', ''The Human Psyche'', {{ISBN|0-387-09954-9}}
* 1979-80 [[Ninian Smart]] "The Varieties of Religious Identity", published as ''Beyond Ideology: Religion and the Future of Western Civilisation'', {{ISBN|0-06-067402-4}}
* 1980–81 [[Seyyed Hossein Nasr]] ''Knowledge and the Sacred'', {{ISBN|0-7914-0177-4}}
* 1981–82 [[아이리스 머독]] ''Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals'', {{ISBN|0-14-017232-7}}
* 1983-84 [[David Daiches]] ''God and the Poets'', {{ISBN|0-19-812825-8}}
* 1984–85 [[위르겐 몰트만]] ''God in Creation: A New Theology of Creation and the Spirit of God'', {{ISBN|0-8006-2823-3}}
* 1985-86 [[Paul Ricoeur]] "Oneself as another", {{ISBN|0-226-71329-6}}
* 1986–87 [[존 힉]] ''An Interpretation of Religion'', (2nd ed.): {{ISBN|0-300-10668-8}}
* 1987–88 [[Alasdair MacIntyre]] ''Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry'': {{ISBN|0-7156-2337-0}}
* 1988–89 [[Raimon Panikkar]] ''Trinity and Theism'': {{ISBN|978-1-57075-855-3}}
* 1989–90 [[메리 더글러스]] ''Claims on God'': published (much revised) as ''In the Wilderness'': {{ISBN|1-85075-444-6}}
* 1993–94 '''[[존 폴킹혼]]''' ''Science and Christian Belief: Theological Reflections of a Bottom-up Thinker'', {{ISBN|0-281-04714-6}}
* 1995–96 [[G. A. Cohen]] ''If you're an Egalitarian, how come you're so Rich?'', published by Harvard University Press under the same title: {{ISBN|0-674-00693-3}}
* 1996–97 [[Richard Sorabji]] ''Emotions and How to Cope with Them'', published as ''Emotion and Peace of Mind: From Stoic Agitation to Christian Temptation'', {{ISBN|0-19-825005-3}}
* 1997–98 [[Holmes Rolston III]] ''Genes, Genesis and God'', {{ISBN|0-521-64674-X}}
* 1998–99 [[Charles Taylor (philosopher)|Charles Taylor]], ''Living in a Secular Age'', published as ''[[A Secular Age]]'': {{ISBN|0-674-02676-4}}
* 1999–2000 [[데이비드 트레이시]] ''This side of God''
* 2000–01 [[Onora O'Neill]] ''Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics''
* 2001–02 [[Mohammed Arkoun]] ''Inaugurating a Critique of Islamic Reason''
* 2002–03 [[마이클 이그나티에프]] ''[[The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror]]'', {{ISBN|0-691-11751-9}}
* 2003–04 [[J. Wentzel van Huyssteen]] ''Alone in the World? Human Uniqueness in Science and Theology'', {{ISBN|0-8028-3246-6}}
* 2004–05 Dame [[Margaret Anstee]], [[Stephen Toulmin]], and [[Noam Chomsky]], delivering a series of lectures dedicated to [[Edward Said]] who was scheduled to give the 2004–05 series before his death in 2003.
* 2005–06 [[Jean Bethke Elshtain]] ''Sovereign God, Sovereign State, Sovereign Self''
* 2006–07 [[사이먼 콘웨이 모리스]] ''Darwin 's Compass: How Evolution Discovers the Song of Creation'' and [[Jonathan Riley-Smith]] ''The Crusades and Christianity''
* 2007–08 [[Alexander Nehamas]] ''"Because it was he, because it was I": Friendship and Its Place in Life''
* 2008 [[Robert M. Veatch]], ''Hipprocratic, Religious and Secular Medical Ethics: The Point of Conflict''
* 2008–09 [[다이애나 엑]] ''The Age of Pluralism'' [April–May 2009]
* 2009–10 [[Michael Gazzaniga]] ''Mental Life'' [October 2009]
* 2009–10 [[테리 이글턴]] ''The God Debate'' [March 2010]
* 2010–11 [[Peter Harrison (historian)|Peter Harrison]] ''Science, Religion and the Modern World'', published as ''The Territories of Science and Religion'' {{ISBN|978-0226184487}}, [[Gordon Brown]] ''The Future of Jobs and Justice''
* 2011–12 [[Diarmaid MacCulloch]] ''Holme's Dog: Silence in the History of the Church''. In 2012 the Gifford Lectures also supported a one-off joint lecture between the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the University of Edinburgh School of Informatics, [[Jim Al-Khalili]] ''Alan Turing: Legacy of a Code Breaker''
* 2013 [[브뤼노 라투르]] ''"Once Out of Nature" - Natural Religion as a Pleonasm''
* 2012-13 [[스티븐 핑커]], ''The Better Angels of Our Nature: A History of Violence and Humanity''<ref>{{웹 인용
 | title = 2012-13 Gifford Lecture
 | work = Professor Steven Pinker: "The Better Angels of Our Nature: A History of Violence and Humanity"
 | publisher = University of Edinburgh College of Humanities and Social Science website
 | url = http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/humanities-soc-sci/news-events/lectures/gifford-lectures/archive/series-2012-2013/pinker
| accessdate = August 4, 2013
}}</ref>
* 2013-14 Baroness [[Onora O'Neill]] ''From Toleration to Freedom of Expression''
* 2013-14 Lord [[로완 윌리암스]] of Oystermouth ''Making representations: religious faith and the habits of language''
* 2013-14 Justice [[Catherine O'Regan]] ''"What is Caesar's?" Adjudicating faith in modern constitutional democracies''
* 2014-15 Professor [[Jeremy Waldron]] ''One Another's Equals: The Basis of Human Equality''
* 2016-17 Professor [[제프리 스타우트]] ''Religion Unbound: Ideals and Powers from Cicero to King''
* 2017-18 [[Agustín Fuentes]] ''Why We Believe: Evolution, Making Meaning, and the Development of Human Natures''

=== 글래스고 대학교 발표자 ===
* 1888–92 [[막스 뮐러|프리드리히 막스 뮐러]] 1888: ''Natural Religion'' vol. 1 & 2; 1890: ''Physical Religion''; 1891: ''Anthropological Religion'': 1892: ''Theosophy or Psychological Religion''
* 1892–96 [[John Caird (theologian)|John Caird]] ''The Fundamental Ideas of Christianity'' Vol.1&2
* 1896–98 [[Alexander Balmain Bruce]] ''The Moral Order of the World'', ''The Providential Order of the World''
* 1910-12 [[John Watson (philosopher)|John Watson]] ''The Interpretation of Religious Experience''
* 1914 [[아서 밸푸어]] ''Theism and Humanism'' {{ISBN|1-58742-005-8}}
* 1916–18 [[새뮤얼 알렉산더]] ''Space, Time, and Deity'', volume one: {{ISBN|0-7661-8701-2}}, volume two: {{ISBN|0-7661-8702-0}}
* 1922 [[아서 밸푸어]] ''Theism and Thought''
* 1927–28 [[J. B. S. 홀데인]] ''The Sciences and Philosophy'', {{ISBN|0-404-60479-X}}
* 1932–34 [[윌리엄 템플]] ''Nature, Man and God''
* 1952–54 [[존 맥머리]] ''The Form of the Personal'' vol 1: ''The Self as Agent'' {{ISBN|1-57392-337-0}} vol 2: ''Persons in Relation'' {{ISBN|1-57392-625-6}}
* 1959 [[카를 프리드리히 폰 바이츠제커]] ''The Relevance of Science''
* 1965 [[허버트 버터필드]] ''Historical Writing and Christian Beliefs'' and ''Human Beliefs and the Development of Historical Writing''<ref>{{웹 인용 |url=http://www.giffordlectures.org/lecturers/herbert-butterfield |제목=보관된 사본 |확인날짜=2017-11-04 |archive-date=2017-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613101758/http://www.giffordlectures.org/lecturers/herbert-butterfield |url-status= }}</ref>
* 1970 [[리처드 윌리엄 서던]] ''The Rise and Fall of the Medieval System of Religious Thought''
* 1974-76 [[Basil Mitchell (academic)|Basil Mitchell]] ''Morality, Religious and Secular''
* 1985 [[칼 세이건]] ''The Search for Who We Are'', published in 2006 as ''[[The Varieties of Scientific Experience]]: A Personal View of the Search for God'', {{ISBN|1-59420-107-2}}
* 1986 [[도널드 M. 매케이]] ''Behind the Eye''<ref>[http://www.giffordlectures.org/Browse.asp?PubID=TPBEYE&Cover=TRUE Gifford Lectures website entry; retrieved: 2013-08-04] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923153843/http://www.giffordlectures.org/Browse.asp?PubID=TPBEYE&Cover=TRUE |date=2013-09-23 }}</ref>
* 1988 [[Don Cupitt]] ''Nature and Culture''
* 1988 [[리처드 도킨스]] ''Worlds in Microcosm''
* 1992 [[Mary Warnock]] ''Imagination and Understanding'', published as ''Imagination and Time'', {{ISBN|0-631-19019-8}}
* 1993–94 [[키스 워드]] ''Religion and Revelation'' {{ISBN|978-0-19-826375-3}}
* 1995–96 [[Geoffrey Cantor]] and [[John Hedley Brooke]] ''Reconstructing Nature''
* 1997–98 [[R. J. 베리|R J 샘 베리]] ''Gods, Genes, Greens and Everything''
* 1999–00 [[랠프 매키어니]] ''Characters in Search of Their Author''
* 2001 [http://www.giffordlectures.org/lecturers/brian-hebblethwaite Brian Hebblethwaite] {{웨이백|url=http://www.giffordlectures.org/lecturers/brian-hebblethwaite |date=20171107055952 }}, [[George Lakoff]], [[Lynne Baker]], [[Michael Ruse]] & [[Philip Johnson-Laird]] ''The Nature and Limits of Human Understanding''
* 2003–04 [[사이먼 블랙번]] ''Reason's Empire''
* 2005 [[존 E. 헤어]]
* 2007–08 [[David Fergusson (theologian)|David Fergusson]] ''Religion and Its Recent Critics'' published as ''Faith and Its Critics: A Conversation'', {{ISBN|978-0-19-956938-0}}
* 2008–09 [[찰스 테일러]] ''The Necessity of Secularist Regimes'' [May 2009]
* 2009–10 [[잔니 바티모]] ''The End of Reality''
* 2012 [[Vilayanur Ramachandran]] ''Body and Mind: Insights from Neuroscience''
* 2014 [[장뤼크 마리옹]] ''Givenness and Revelation''
* 2015 Perry Schmidt-leukel ''Interreligious Theology: The Future Shape of Theology''
* 2016 [[숀 M. 캐럴]] ''The Big Picture: On the Origins of Life, Meaning, and the Universe Itself''

=== 세인트 앤드루스 대학교 ===
* 1902–04 [[리처드 홀데인]] ''The Pathway to Reality'', {{ISBN|0-404-60459-5}}
* 1917–18 [[윌리엄 R. 잉]] ''The Philosophy of Plotinus'', {{ISBN|1-59244-284-6}}
* 1919–20 [[Lewis Richard Farnell]] ''Greek Hero Cults and Ideas of Immortality''
* 1921–22 [[C. 로이드 모건]] ''Emergent Evolution'' (1923) {{ISBN|0-404-60468-4}}, and ''Life, Mind, and Spirit'' (1925)
* 1926-28 [[앨프리드 에드워드 테일러]] "The faith of a moralist, The Theological Implications of Morality; Natural Theology and the Positive Religions" (1930)
* 1936–37 [[Werner Jaeger]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=ChwGAAAACAAJ ''The Theology of the Early Greek Philosophers''] (1936)
* 1955–56 [[베르너 하이젠베르크]] ''Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science'', {{ISBN|1-57392-694-9}}
* 1962–64 [[Henry Chadwick (theologian)|Henry Chadwick]] ''Authority in the Early Church''
* 1964–66 [[John Niemeyer Findlay|존 핀들리]] ''The Discipline of the Cave'' (1966), and ''The Transcendence of the Cave'' (1967) {{ISBN|978-0-04-111002-9}}
* 1967–69 [[Robert Charles Zaehner]] ''Concordant Discord. The Interdependence of Faiths.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press 1970.
* 1972–73 [[A. J. 에이어|앨프리드 에이어]] ''The Central Questions of Philosophy'', {{ISBN|0-03-013116-2}}
* 1975–77 [[Reijer Hooykaas]] ''Fact, Faith and Fiction in the Development of Science''
* 1977–78 [[데이비드 스태퍼드클라크]] ''Myth, Magic and Denial''
* 1980–81 [[Gregory Vlastos]] ''Socrates: Ironist and Moral Philosopher''
* 1982–83 [[도널드 제프리 찰턴]] ''New Images of the Natural, 1750-1800''
* 1983–84 [[존 매쿼리]] ''In Search of Deity''
* 1984–85 [[아돌프 그륀바움]] ''Psychoanalytic Theory and Science''
* 1986–87 [[앤터니 플루]] ''The Logic of Mortality''
* 1988–89 [[발터 부르케르트]] ''Tracks of Biology and the Creation of Sense''
* 1990–91 [[힐러리 퍼트넘]] ''Renewing Philosophy''
* 1992–93 [[Arthur Peacocke]] ''Nature, God and Humanity:''
* 1992–93 [[Roger Penrose]] ''The Question of Physical Reality''
* 1995 [[니컬러스 월터스토프]] ''Thomas Reid and the Story of Epistemology''
* 1996–97 [[Michael Dummett]] ''Thought and Reality''
* 1999 [[Robert Merrihew Adams]] ''God and Being''
* 1999 [[메릴린 매코드 애덤스]] ''The Coherence of Christology''
* 2001–02 [[스탠리 하우어워스]] ''With the Grain of the Universe: The Church's Witness and Natural Theology'', {{ISBN|1-58743-016-9}}
* 2002–03 [[Peter van Inwagen]] ''The Problem of Evil'', {{ISBN|978-0-19-954397-7}}
* 2004–05 [[앨빈 플랜팅가]] ''Science and Religion: Conflict or Concord''
* 2007 [[마틴 리스]] ''21st Century Science: Cosmic Perspective and Terrestrial Challenges''
* 2010 [[Roger Scruton]] ''The Face of God''

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

[[분류:신학]]
[[분류:종교]]
[[분류:철학]]
[[분류:1888년 시작된 행사]]