{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{Chembox
| Verifiedimages = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 407464807
| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| Name = 클로로포름<br>
| ImageFile = 
| ImageFileL1 = Chloroform_displayed.svg
| ImageFileR1 = Chloroform-3D-balls.png
| ImageFile2 = Chloroform_by_Danny_S._-_002.JPG
| ImageName2 = Chloroform in its liquid state shown in a test tube
| ImageSize2 = 100px
| PIN = Trichloromethane
| SystematicName = 
| OtherNames = Chloroform<ref name=iupac2013>{{서적 인용| title =  Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book) | publisher = [[Royal Society of Chemistry|The Royal Society of Chemistry]] | date = 2014 | location = Cambridge | page = 661 | doi = 10.1039/9781849733069-FP001 | isbn = 978-0-85404-182-4 | quote = The retained names 'bromoform' for HCBr<sub>3</sub>, 'chloroform' for HCCl<sub>3</sub>, and 'iodoform' for HCI<sub>3</sub> are acceptable in general nomenclature. Preferred IUPAC names are substitutive names.| chapter = Front Matter }}</ref><br />Methane trichloride<br />Methyl trichloride<br />Methenyl trichloride<br />Methenyl chloride<br />TCM<br />Freon 20<br />Refrigerant-20<br />R-20<br />UN 1888
| IUPACName = 
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 7V31YC746X
| InChIKey = HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYAG
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 44618
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/CHCl3/c2-1(3)4/h1H
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 67-66-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 5977
| EINECS = 200-663-8
| PubChem = 6212
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 35255
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C13827
| SMILES = ClC(Cl)Cl
| InChI = 1/CHCl3/c2-1(3)4/h1H
| RTECS = FS9100000
 }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C=1 | H=1 | Cl=3
| Appearance = Colorless liquid
| Odor = Misleadingly-pleasant ethereal odor, leading to olfactory fatigue
| Density = 1.564 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (−20&nbsp;°C)<br> 1.489 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (25&nbsp;°C)<br> 1.394 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (60&nbsp;°C)
| MeltingPtC = −63.5
| BoilingPtC = 61.15
| BoilingPt_notes = <br> decomposes at 450&nbsp;°C
| VaporPressure = 0.62 kPa (−40&nbsp;°C)<br> 7.89 kPa (0&nbsp;°C)<br> 25.9 kPa (25&nbsp;°C)<br> 313 kPa (100&nbsp;°C)<br> 2.26 MPa (200&nbsp;°C)
| Solubility = 10.62 g/L (0&nbsp;°C)<br> 8.09 g/L (20&nbsp;°C)<br> 7.32 g/L (60&nbsp;°C)
| SolubleOther = Soluble in [[벤젠]]<br> Miscible in [[다이에틸 에터]], [[oil]]s, [[ligroin]], [[에탄올|alcohol]], [[carbon tetrachloride|CCl<sub>4</sub>]], [[carbon disulfide|CS<sub>2</sub>]]
| Solubility1 = ≥ 100 g/L (19&nbsp;°C)
| Solvent1 = acetone
| Solubility2 = ≥ 100 g/L (19&nbsp;°C)
| Solvent2 = dimethyl sulfoxide
| RefractIndex = 1.4459 (20&nbsp;°C)
| LambdaMax = 250 nm, 260 nm, 280 nm
| Viscosity = 0.563 cP (20&nbsp;°C)
| pKa = 15.7 (20&nbsp;°C)
| HenryConstant = 3.67 L·atm/mol (24&nbsp;°C)
| ThermalConductivity = 0.13 W/m·K (20&nbsp;°C)
| MagSus = −59.30·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
 }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct =
| Coordination =
| MolShape = Tetrahedral
| Dipole = 1.15 D
 }}
| Section4 = 
| Section5 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| HeatCapacity = 114.25 J/mol·K
| Entropy = 202.9 J/mol·K
| DeltaHf = −134.3 kJ/mol
| DeltaGf = −71.1 kJ/mol
| DeltaHc = 473.21 kJ/mol
}}
| Section6 = {{Chembox Pharmacology
| ATCCode_prefix = N01
| ATCCode_suffix = AB02
}}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.merckmillipore.com/INTERSHOP/web/WFS/Merck-GB-Site/en_US/-/GBP/ShowDocument-File?ProductSKU=MDA_CHEM-107024&DocumentType=MSD&DocumentId=107024_SDS_GB_EN.PDF&DocumentUID=370414&Language=EN&Country=GB&Origin=PDP]
| Hazards_ref =<ref name= PubChem>{{웹 인용|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6212#section=Safety-and-Hazards|title=PubChem: Safety and Hazards - GHS Classification|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine}}</ref>
| MainHazards = [[Carcinogen]] – [[Reproductive toxicity]] – [[Specific target organ toxicity]] ([[STOT]])<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev02/English/03e_part3.pdf|title=Part 3 Health Hazards| work=Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)| version=Second revised edition|publisher=United Nations| accessdate=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=PGCH/><ref name=":1">Toxicity on [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6212#section=Toxicity <nowiki>PubChem</nowiki>]</ref>
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|302|315|319|331|336|351|361d|372}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|202|260|264|270|271|280|281|301+330+331|310|302+352|304+340|311|305+351+338|308+313|314|332+313|337+313|362|403+233|235|405|501}}
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-S =
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
| AutoignitionPt =
| PEL = 50 ppm (240 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0127}}</ref>
| IDLH = 500 ppm<ref name=PGCH/>
| REL = Ca ST 2 ppm (9.78 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) [60-minute]<ref name=PGCH/>
| LD50 = 704 mg/kg (mouse, dermal)<ref>{{서적 인용|title=Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials |edition=12th |year=2012 |last=Lewis |first=Richard J. |isbn=978-0-470-62325-1}}</ref>
| LC50 = 9,617 ppm (rat, 4 hr)<ref name=IDLH>{{IDLH|67663|Chloroform}}</ref>
| LCLo = 20,000 ppm (guinea pig, 2 hr)<br/>7,056 ppm (cat, 4 hr)<br/>25,000 ppm (human, 5 min)<ref name=IDLH/>
 }}
}}
'''클로로포름'''(Chloroform)은 [[탄소]]와 [[염소 (원소)|염소]]로 이루어진 화합물로, 화학식은 CHCl<sub>3</sub>이다. 테프론이나 냉매를 만드는 데 사용되기도 한다.<ref name="Ullmann">M. Rossberg ''et al.'' “Chlorinated Hydrocarbons” in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.</ref>

== 성질 ==
상온에서 [[액체]] 상태로 존재하는 비교적 무거운 무색의 화합물이다. [[녹는점]]은 -63.5&nbsp;°C, [[끓는점]]은 61.2&nbsp;°C이고 [[밀도]]는 1.483 g/cm<sup>3</sup>이다. 기화성이 높으며, 기체 클로로포름은 본드 냄새가 난다. 흡입 시 마취효과가 있다.

== 생산 방법 ==
클로로포름은 염소 기체와 메탄이나 염화메틸의 혼합물에 열을 가해 만들어진다. 400–500&nbsp;°C에서 다음과 같은 반응이 일어난다.
::CH<sub>4</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> → CH<sub>3</sub>Cl + HCl
::CH<sub>3</sub>Cl + Cl<sub>2</sub> → CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> + HCl
::CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> → CHCl<sub>3</sub> + HCl

클로로포름이 다음 과정을 거치면 CCl<sub>4</sub>가 된다.:
::CHCl<sub>3</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> → CCl<sub>4</sub> + HCl

이 과정에서는 모두 [[:en:Chloromethane|클로로 메탄(염화메틸)]], [[염화에틸렌]], 클로로포름, [[사염화탄소]]가 만들어지고 이 화합물들은 [[증류]]로 분리된다.<ref name="Ullmann"/>

== 각주 ==
<references/>

== 외부 링크 ==
* {{위키공용분류-줄}}

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:탄소 화합물]]
[[분류:염화물]]
[[분류:IARC 2B군 발암 물질]]
[[분류:할로메테인]]
[[분류:전신 마취제]]
[[분류:GABAA 양성 알로스테릭 조절자]]
[[분류:글라이신 수용체 작용제]]
[[분류:클로로알케인]]
[[분류:할로젠화 용매]]
[[분류:달콤한 냄새가 나는 화학 물질]]