{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{VG 역사}}
[[비디오 게임의 역사]]에서 ''' 1세대 비디오 게임기'''({{lang|en|first generation of video game consoles}})는 1972년부터 1983년까지 존재한 [[비디오 게임]], [[비디오 게임기]] 및 [[휴대용 게임기]]들을 가리킨다. 이 시대에 등장한 대표적인 제품들로 [[오디세이 시리즈]]([[마그나복스 오디세이 2]] 제외), [[퐁 (비디오 게임)|아타리 홈 퐁]], [[콜레코 텔스타]]와 [[컬러 TV 게임]]가 있다. 이 세대는 1977년부터 시장축소로 많은 제조사들이 이탈하면서 1980년 [[컬러 TV 게임|컴퓨터 TV 게임]]을 마지막으로 종료했으며, 이후 [[2세대 비디오 게임기]] 시대로 이어졌다.

이 세대에 개발된 게임들은 콘솔에 종속된 형태로 발매된 것이 특징으로, 이후 세대 게임들과는 달리 기기 내의 게임을 교체할 수 없었다. 당시 게임기는 화면에 점, 줄, 사각형 등만 표시할 수 있는 원시적인 그래픽 사양을 갖추었기 때문에 주로 게임경험을 향상하는 주변기기와 카트리지가 같이 판매됐다. 1세대 게임기들은 세대 끝자락에 이르기 전까지는 2색 이상의 그래픽을 발색할 수 없었으며, 소리의 경우 단순한 형태만을 제공하고 일부의 경우 아예 사운드를 재생할 수 없었다.

1972년에 이후 가정용 비디오 게임 시장의 미래에 지대한 영향을 끼친 두 사건이 있었다. 1972년 6월, [[놀런 부슈널]]와 [[테드 대브니]]가 [[아타리]]를 창립했으며, 이는 이후 역사에 이름을 남긴 초거대 비디오 게임 기업으로 성장해 초기 세대 게임기들의 방향을 주도했다. 1972년 7월, 제조사 [[마그나복스]]가 [[마그나복스 오디세이]]를 출시했다. 오디세이는 미래의 게임기들과 비교했을 때 열악한 사양만을 갖췄으며 결과적으로 상업적 실패였으나, 이후 탈착형 카트리지나 2인용 컨트롤러같이 산업의 표준이 되는 기능들을 처음 도입한 역할을 했다. 아타리는 오디세이의 핑퐁 게임을 말미암아 훗날 아케이드 및 가정용 게임 《[[퐁 (비디오 게임)|퐁]]》을 출시했다. 한편 일본의 오락기업 [[닌텐도]]는 당시 여러 가지 상품들을 시도했으며 1977년에 [[컬러 TV 게임]]를 출시해 기업역사 최초로 비디오 게임 산업에 진출했다.

== 개요 ==
=== 역사 ===
1951년, [[랠프 베어]]는 뉴욕 [[브롱크스]]의 [[로랠 코퍼레이션]]에서 텔레비전을 설계하는 중 [[쌍방향 텔레비전]]을 고안했다.<ref name="Rowman and Littlefield Publishers">{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZD1AAAAQBAJ|title=Virtual Ascendance: Video Games and the Remaking of Reality|last1=Griffiths|first1=Devin C.|date=2013|publisher=Rowman and Littlefield Publishers|isbn=9781442216952|location=[[Lanham, Maryland]]|pages=14–15}}</ref>

== 가정용 게임기 ==
=== 비교 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ 1세대 가정용 비디오 게임기 비교
|-
!style="width: 10%"  | 이름
!style="width: 30%;" | [[마그나복스 오디세이]]
!style="width: 30%;" | [[오디세이 시리즈]]<br><small>(콘솔 11종)</small>{{Efn|오디세이 100/200/300/400/500/2000/3000/4000 및 필립스 오디세이 200/2001/2100<ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IxNDAQAAIAAJ|title=Computer and Video Game Law: Cases, Statutes, Forms, Problems & Materials|last1=Lipson|first1=Ashley S.|last2=Brain|first2=Robert D.|date=2009|publisher=Carolina Academic Press|isbn=9781594604881|pages=25|language=en|access-date=November 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316105609/http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IxNDAQAAIAAJ|archive-date=March 16, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=kaplan78>{{저널 인용|date=Winter 1978 |editor-last=Kaplan| editor-first=Deeny|title= The Video Games |journal= Video (Buyer's Guide)|publisher= Reese Communications|volume= 1|issue= 1|pages=34|issn= 0147-8907}}</ref><ref name=kaplan79>{{저널 인용|date=Winter 1979 |editor-last=Kaplan| editor-first=Deeny|title= Video Games |journal= Video (Buyer's Guide)|publisher= Reese Communications|volume= 2|issue= 1|pages=42|issn= 0147-8907}}</ref><ref name="theoryReader_Wolf">{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4cpEAQAAQBAJ&q=binatone&pg=PA305|title=The Video Game Theory Reader|last1=Wolf|first1=Mark J. P.|last2=Perron|first2=Bernard|date=October 8, 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135205195|language=en|access-date=October 25, 2020|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209134138/https://books.google.com/books?id=4cpEAQAAQBAJ&q=binatone&pg=PA305|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|309–310}}<ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dycXAQAAMAAJ|title=Vision; the European Business Magazine|date=1977|pages=65|language=en|access-date=September 23, 2020|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209134102/https://books.google.com/books?id=dycXAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
!style="width: 30%;" |[[텔레비테니스]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
! 제조사
| [[마그나복스]]
| 마그나복스, [[필립스]]
| [[에폭 사]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
!사진
| style="background:white;" | [[파일:Magnavox-Odyssey-Console-Set.jpg|140px]]
| style="background:white;" | [[파일:Odyssey-300.jpg|140px]]
| style="background:white;" | [[파일:TV Tennis Electrotennis.jpg|140px]]
|-
!출시 가격
| 미화 $100<ref name=":4">{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVWNBAAAQBAJ|title=Sex, Bombs, and Burgers: How War, Pornography, and Fast Food Have Shaped Modern Technology|last=Nowak|first=Peter|date=December 20, 2011|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780762776108|pages=132|language=en|access-date=September 23, 2020|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209134103/https://books.google.com/books?id=OVWNBAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 미화 $100–230
| ¥19,500<ref name=":3">{{서적 인용|url=https://archive.org/details/atsukashiFC/page/n99/mode/2up|title=Perfect Guide of Nostalgic Family Computer|last=M.B. Mook|year=2016|isbn=9784906735891|language=ja|publisher=Magazine Box|location=Tokyo|pages=99–100}}</ref>
|-
!발매일
| {{비디오 게임 출시 확장|NA|1972년 8월<ref name=":4" />|EU|1973–1974<ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=deBFx7QAwsQC|title=Encyclopedia of Video Games: The Culture, Technology, and Art of Gaming|last=Wolf|first=Mark J. P.|date=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313379369|pages=201|language=en|access-date=September 23, 2020|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209134105/https://books.google.com/books?id=deBFx7QAwsQC|url-status=live}}</ref>|JP|1974<ref name=pong-clones/>}}
| {{비디오 게임 출시 확장|NA|1975–1977}}
| {{비디오 게임 출시 확장|JP|1975년 9월 12일<ref name=picard/>}}
|-
!매체
| [[인쇄 회로 기판]]
| [[집적 회로|내부 칩]]
| 내부 칩
|-
!주변기기<br />(소매)
|[[라이트 건]] (별도 판매)<ref>{{서적 인용|last1=Voorhees|first1=Gerald A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIh1Tir2gyYC|title=Guns, Grenades, and Grunts: First-Person Shooter Games|last2=Call|first2=Joshua|last3=Whitlock|first3=Katie|date=November 2, 2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=9781441191441|language=en|chapter=''BattleZone'' and the Origins of First-Person Shooting Games|access-date=September 23, 2020|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209134120/https://books.google.com/books?id=AIh1Tir2gyYC|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 없음
| 없음
|-
!판매량
| 350,000<ref name=BtC-EVGH/>{{rp|58}}
| 미상
| 20,000<ref name=":5">{{저널 인용|last=Fujita|first=Naoki|date=March 1999|script-title=ja:「ファミコン」登場前の日本ビデオ・ゲーム産業 ―現代ビデオ・ゲーム産業の形成過程(2)―|trans-title=Japanese Video Game Industry Before the "Famicom": The Rise of the Modern Video Game Industry (2)|url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/45271|journal=經濟論叢|language=ja|volume=163|issue=3|pages=69|doi=10.14989/45271|issn=0013-0273|via=Kurenai|access-date=September 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922124743/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/45271|archive-date=September 22, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="width: 10%"|이름
!style="width: 30%;" |[[퐁 (비디오 게임)|홈 퐁]]
!style="width: 30%;" |[[콜레코 텔스타]]<br><small>(모델 14종)</small>{{Efn|콜레코 텔스타, 클래식, 디럭스, 레인저, 알파, 컬러매틱, 리젠트, 스포츠맨, 컬러트론, 마크스맨, 갤럭시, 제미니, 아케이드<ref name="CHVG" />{{Rp|272}}<ref name=vgTextbook />{{rp|15–16}}<ref name=kaplan78 /><ref name=kaplan79 />}}
!style="width: 30%;" |[[컬러 TV 게임]]<br><small>(콘솔 5종)</small>{{Efn|컬러 TV 게임 6, 15, 레이싱 112, 블록브레이커, 컴퓨터 TV 게임<ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZb5CAAAQBAJ|title=Video Games Around the World|last=Wolf|first=Mark J. P.|date=May 2015|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=9780262527163|language=en|pages=322|access-date=September 23, 2020|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209134104/https://books.google.com/books?id=pZb5CAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! 제조사
| [[아타리]], [[시어스]]
| [[콜레코]]
| [[닌텐도]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
!사진
| style="background:white;" | [[파일:TeleGames-Atari-Pong.jpg|140px]]
| style="background:white;" | [[파일:Coleco-Telstar-Colortron.jpg|140px]]
| style="background:white;" | [[파일:Nintendo-Color-TV-Game-Blockbreaker-FL.jpg|140px]]
|-
!출시 가격
| US$98.95<ref>{{서적 인용|url=http://www.wishbookweb.com/FB/1975_Sears_Wishbook/index.html#412|title=Wish Book for the 1975 Christmas Season|publisher=Sears|year=1975|pages=412|url-status=live|access-date=September 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428140002/http://www.wishbookweb.com/FB/1975_Sears_Wishbook/index.html#412|archive-date=April 28, 2019}}</ref> <br> JP¥24,800<ref name=":3" />
| US$50
| JP¥9800–48,000<ref name=2014-12/>
|-
!발매일
| {{비디오 게임 출시 확장|NA|1975년 말|JP|1975년 말<ref name=":3"/>}}
| {{비디오 게임 출시 확장|NA|1976–1978}}
| {{비디오 게임 출시 확장|JP|1977–1980<ref name="highscore">{{서적 인용|title=High Score! The Illustrated History of Electronic Games|last1=DeMaria|first1=Rusel|last2=Wilson|first2=Johnny L.|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill]]|year=2003|isbn=978-0-07-223172-4|edition=2|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=HJNvZLvpCEQC&q=%22color+tv+game%22&pg=PT5 363], [https://books.google.com/books?id=HJNvZLvpCEQC&q=%22color+tv+game%22&pg=PT20 378]}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://uk.pcmag.com/gaming-1/87482/the-lost-world-of-early-nintendo-consoles|title=The Lost World of Early Nintendo Consoles|last1=Edwards|first1=Benj|last2=26 January 2017|date=January 26, 2017|website=PCMag UK|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503140428/https://uk.pcmag.com/gaming-1/87482/the-lost-world-of-early-nintendo-consoles|archive-date=May 3, 2019|access-date=September 14, 2019}}</ref>}}
|-
!매체
| 내부 칩
| 내부 칩 (모델 대부분)<br />카트리지 (텔스타 아케이드, 1977)<ref name=CHVG/>{{rp|15}}
| 내부 칩
|-
!주변기기 (소매)
| 없음
| 컨트롤러 형태
| 없음
|-
!판매량
| 150,000<ref name="PriceGuide-2">{{서적 인용| title = Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games| first = David| last = Ellis| chapter = Dedicated Consoles| publisher = Random House| isbn = 0-375-72038-3| year = 2004| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/officialpricegui00davi}}</ref>{{rp|33–36}}<ref name="Ultimate-Home3">{{서적 인용| title = Ultimate History of Video Games| url = https://archive.org/details/ultimatehistoryo0000kent| first = Steven| last = Kent| pages = [https://archive.org/details/ultimatehistoryo0000kent/page/94 94]–95| chapter = Strange Bedfellows| publisher = Three Rivers Press| isbn = 0-7615-3643-4| year = 2001}}</ref>
| 1백만<ref name=phoenix/>
| 3백만<ref name="CTGsales">{{서적 인용|last1=Sheff|first1=David|title=[[Game Over: How Nintendo Zapped an American Industry, Captured Your Dollars, and Enslaved Your Children]]|last2=Eddy|first2=Andy|publisher=GamePress|year=1999|isbn=978-0-9669617-0-6|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0dK2AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Color+TV+Game%22 27]|quote=Nintendo entered the home market in Japan with the dramatic unveiling of Color TV-Game 6, which played six versions of light tennis. It was followed by a more powerful sequel, Color TV-Game 15. A million units of each were sold. The engineering team also came up with systems that played a more complex game, called "Blockbuster," as well as a racing game. Half a million units of these were sold.|author-link=David Sheff}}</ref>
|}
== 같이 보기 ==
* [[가정용 컴퓨터]]
== 참조 ==
=== 주해 ===
{{내용주}}
=== 각주 ===
{{각주|refs=

<!-- 콘솔 비교 -->

<ref name=pong-clones>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fU-fDwAAQBAJ|title=Vintage Games 2.0: An Insider Look at the Most Influential Games of All Time|last=Barton|first=Matt|date=May 8, 2019|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781000000924|pages=18|language=en|access-date=September 23, 2020|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209134120/https://books.google.com/books?id=fU-fDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="picard">{{웹 인용|url=http://gamestudies.org/1302/articles/picard|title=The Foundation of Geemu: A Brief History of Early Japanese video games|last=Picard|first=Martin|publisher=International Journal of Computer Game Research|date=June 24, 2015|access-date=September 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624050100/http://gamestudies.org/1302/articles/picard|archive-date=June 24, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name=BtC-EVGH>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oK3D4i5ldKgC&q=pong|title=Before the Crash: Early Video Game History|last=Wolf|first=Mark J. P.|date=June 15, 2012|publisher=Wayne State University Press|isbn=9780814337226|language=en|access-date=February 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227061837/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oK3D4i5ldKgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=video+game+console+odyssey&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiJmL3Yt9rgAhVHRxUIHTn4Aa8Q6AEIQDAE#v=onepage&q=pong&f=false|archive-date=February 27, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name=CHVG>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BzxTtml8Jq4C|title=Classic Home Video Games, 1972–1984: A Complete Reference Guide|last=Weiss|first=Brett|date=December 20, 2011|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786487554|language=en|access-date=September 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122195622/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BzxTtml8Jq4C|archive-date=January 22, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="vgTextbook">{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IExnDwAAQBAJ|title=The Video Games Textbook: History • Business • Technology|last=Wardyga|first=Brian J.|date=August 3, 2018|publisher=[[CRC Press]]|isbn=9780815390916|access-date=October 30, 2019|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209134054/https://books.google.com/books?id=IExnDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name=2014-12>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55tjDwAAQBAJ|script-title=ja:任天堂コンプリートガイド −玩具編−|trans-title=Complete Guide to Nintendo: Toy Edition|last=Yamazaki|first=Isao|date=December 5, 2014|publisher=主婦の友社|isbn=9784072947579|page=93|language=ja|access-date=September 23, 2020|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209134117/https://books.google.com/books?id=55tjDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name=phoenix>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=duITAQAAIAAJ|title=Phoenix: the fall & rise of videogames|last=Herman|first=Leonard|publisher=Rolenta Press|year=1997|isbn=0-9643848-2-5|edition=2nd|location=Union, NJ|page=20|quote=Like Pong, Telstar could only play video tennis but it retailed at an inexpensive $50 that made it attractive to most families that were on a budget. Coleco managed to sell over a million units that year.|access-date=February 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231151918/http://books.google.com/books?id=duITAQAAIAAJ|archive-date=December 31, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

}}

== 참고 문헌 ==
* [http://www.ralphbaer.com/how_video_games.htm How Video Games Invaded the Home TV Set] by Ralph Baer
* {{웹 인용|url=http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=378141 |title=A History of Home Video Game Consoles |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226012027/http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=378141 |archive-date=December 26, 2007}} by Michael Miller

{{비디오 게임의 역사}}

[[분류:1세대 게임기]]
[[분류:비디오 게임의 역사]]
[[분류:세대별 게임기]]