{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
'''[[탄탈럼]]'''(Ta)의 안정 동위 원소는 <sup>181</sup>Ta(99.988%)와 <sup>180m</sup>Ta(0.012%)의 두 종류이다.

<sup>180m</sup>Ta(m은 [[준안정]] 상태를 나타냄)은 세가지 방식으로 붕괴한다. 첫째는 [[이성질핵 전이]]를 통해 [[바닥 상태]]의 <sup>180</sup>Ta 핵종으로 천이하거나, [[베타 붕괴]]를 통해 [[텅스텐-180|<sup>180</sup>W]]이 되거나, [[전자 포획]]을 통해 [[하프늄-180|<sup>180</sup>Hf]]이 된다. 하지마 이 핵종에서의 방사선은 관측된 바가 없으며, 반감기는 4.82<sup>16</sup>년 이상일 것으로 예상되고 있다.

이는 매우 특이한 현상으로, <sup>180m</sup>Ta의 바닥 상태인 <sup>180</sup>Ta의 반감기가 8시간 밖에 되지 않기 때문이다.  <sup>180m</sup>Ta은 자연적으로 산출되는 (방사성 붕괴나 우주선 등에 의해 생기는 반감기가 짮은 핵종을 제외하면) 유일한 [[이성질핵]]이다. 또한 원시 핵종 중에 가장 드문 핵종이기도 하다.

35 종류의 인공 방사성 동위 원소가 알려져 있으며, 그 중에서 반감기가 가장 긴 것은 1.82년의 <sup>179</sup>Ta와 반감기 5.1일의 <sup>183</sup>Ta, 반감기 56.56 시간의 <sup>177</sup>Ta이다. 다른 동위 원소의 반감기는 1시간 이하이다. 또한 다양한 이성질핵이 알려져 있는데, <sup>180m</sup>Ta을 제외하고는 <sup>178m1</sup>Ta이 반감기 2.36 시간으로 가장 안정적이다.

탄탈럼의 표준 원자 질량은 180.94788(2) [[원자 질량 단위|u]]이다.

== 표 ==

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; white-space:nowrap"
! rowspan="2" | 핵종<br />기호
! Z([[양성자|p]])
! N([[중성자|n]])
! &nbsp;<br />동위 원소 질량 (u)<br />&nbsp;
! rowspan="2" | 반감기
! rowspan="2" | 붕괴<br />방식<ref>http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx</ref><ref group="n">약자:<br>ε: [[전자 포획]]<br>IT: [[이성질핵 전이]]</ref>
! rowspan="2" | 붕괴<br />생성물<ref group="n">굵은 글꼴은 안정 동위 원소, 굵은 기울임꼴은 감기가 우주의 나이보다 긴 동위 원소(거의 안정적)</ref>
! rowspan="2" | 핵<br />스핀
! rowspan="2" | 전형적<br />동위 원소<br />구성비<br />(몰 분율)
! rowspan="2" | 자연적<br />구성비<br />변동 범위<br />(몰 분율)
|-
! colspan="3" | 들뜬 에너지
|-
| <sup>155</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 82
| 154.97459(54)#
| 13(4) µs<br>[12(+4−3) µs]
|
|
| (11/2−)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>156</sup>Ta
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 73
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83
| rowspan=2|155.97230(43)#
| rowspan=2|144(24) ms
| [[베타 붕괴|β<sup>+</sup>]] (95.8%)
| <sup>156</sup>Hf
| rowspan=2|(2−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| [[양성자 방출|p]] (4.2%)
| <sup>155</sup>Hf
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>156m</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 102(7) keV
| 0.36(4) s
| p
| <sup>155</sup>Hf
| 9+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>157</sup>Ta
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 73
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 84
| rowspan=2|156.96819(22)
| rowspan=2|10.1(4) ms
| [[알파 붕괴|α]] (91%)
| <sup>153</sup>Lu
| rowspan=2|1/2+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (9%)
| <sup>157</sup>Hf
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>157m1</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 22(5) keV
| 4.3(1) ms
|
|
| 11/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>157m2</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1593(9) keV
| 1.7(1) ms
| α
| <sup>153</sup>Lu
| (25/2−)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>158</sup>Ta
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 73
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85
| rowspan=2|157.96670(22)#
| rowspan=2|49(8) ms
| α (96%)
| <sup>154</sup>Lu
| rowspan=2|(2−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (4%)
| <sup>158</sup>Hf
|-
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>158m</sup>Ta
| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 141(9) keV
| rowspan=3|36.0(8) ms
| α (93%)
| <sup>154</sup>Lu
| rowspan=3|(9+)
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| [[이성질핵 전이|IT]]
| <sup>158</sup>Ta
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>158</sup>Hf
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>159</sup>Ta
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 73
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86
| rowspan=2|158.963018(22)
| rowspan=2|1.04(9) s
| β<sup>+</sup> (66%)
| <sup>159</sup>Hf
| rowspan=2|(1/2+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (34%)
| <sup>155</sup>Lu
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>159m</sup>Ta
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 64(5) keV
| rowspan=2|514(9) ms
| α (56%)
| <sup>155</sup>Lu
| rowspan=2|(11/2−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (44%)
| <sup>159</sup>Hf
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>160</sup>Ta
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 73
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87
| rowspan=2|159.96149(10)
| rowspan=2|1.70(20) s
| α
| <sup>156</sup>Lu
| rowspan=2|(2#)−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>160</sup>Hf
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>160m</sup>Ta
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 310(90)# keV
| rowspan=2|1.55(4) s
| β<sup>+</sup> (66%)
| <sup>160</sup>Hf
| rowspan=2|(9)+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (34%)
| <sup>156</sup>Lu
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>161</sup>Ta
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 73
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88
| rowspan=2|160.95842(6)#
| rowspan=2|3# s
| β<sup>+</sup> (95%)
| <sup>161</sup>Hf
| rowspan=2|1/2+#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (5%)
| <sup>157</sup>Lu
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>161m</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 50(50)# keV
| 2.89(12) s
|
|
| 11/2−#
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>162</sup>Ta
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 73
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 89
| rowspan=2|161.95729(6)
| rowspan=2|3.57(12) s
| β<sup>+</sup> (99.92%)
| <sup>162</sup>Hf
| rowspan=2|3+#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (0.073%)
| <sup>158</sup>Lu
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>163</sup>Ta
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 73
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2|162.95433(4)
| rowspan=2|10.6(18) s
| β<sup>+</sup> (99.8%)
| <sup>163</sup>Hf
| rowspan=2|1/2+#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (0.2%)
| <sup>159</sup>Lu
|-
| <sup>164</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 91
| 163.95353(3)
| 14.2(3) s
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>164</sup>Hf
| (3+)
|
|
|-
| <sup>165</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 92
| 164.950773(19)
| 31.0(15) s
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>165</sup>Hf
| 5/2−#
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>165m</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 60(30) keV
|
|
|
| 9/2−#
|
|
|-
| <sup>166</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 93
| 165.95051(3)
| 34.4(5) s
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>166</sup>Hf
| (2)+
|
|
|-
| <sup>167</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 94
| 166.94809(3)
| 1.33(7) min
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>167</sup>Hf
| (3/2+)
|
|
|-
| <sup>168</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 95
| 167.94805(3)
| 2.0(1) min
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>168</sup>Hf
| (2−,3+)
|
|
|-
| <sup>169</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 96
| 168.94601(3)
| 4.9(4) min
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>169</sup>Hf
| (5/2+)
|
|
|-
| <sup>170</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 97
| 169.94618(3)
| 6.76(6) min
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>170</sup>Hf
| (3)(+#)
|
|
|-
| <sup>171</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 98
| 170.94448(3)
| 23.3(3) min
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>171</sup>Hf
| (5/2−)
|
|
|-
| <sup>172</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 99
| 171.94490(3)
| 36.8(3) min
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>172</sup>Hf
| (3+)
|
|
|-
| <sup>173</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 100
| 172.94375(3)
| 3.14(13) h
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>173</sup>Hf
| 5/2−
|
|
|-
| <sup>174</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 101
| 173.94445(3)
| 1.14(8) h
| β<sup>+</sup>
| '''''<sup>174</sup>Hf'''''
| 3+
|
|
|-
| <sup>175</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 102
| 174.94374(3)
| 10.5(2) h
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>175</sup>Hf
| 7/2+
|
|
|-
| <sup>176</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 103
| 175.94486(3)
| 8.09(5) h
| β<sup>+</sup>
| '''<sup>176</sup>Hf'''
| (1)−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>176m1</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 103.0(10) keV
| 1.1(1) ms
| IT
| <sup>176</sup>Ta
| (+)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>176m2</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1372.6(11)+X keV
| 3.8(4) µs
|
|
| (14−)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>176m3</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2820(50) keV
| 0.97(7) ms
|
|
| (20−)
|
|
|-
| <sup>177</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 104
| 176.944472(4)
| 56.56(6) h
| β<sup>+</sup>
| '''<sup>177</sup>Hf'''
| 7/2+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>177m1</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 73.36(15) keV
| 410(7) ns
|
|
| 9/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>177m2</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 186.15(6) keV
| 3.62(10) µs
|
|
| 5/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>177m3</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1355.01(19) keV
| 5.31(25) µs
|
|
| 21/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>177m4</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4656.3(5) keV
| 133(4) µs
|
|
| 49/2−
|
|
|-
| <sup>178</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 105
| 177.945778(16)
| 9.31(3) min
| β<sup>+</sup>
| '''<sup>178</sup>Hf'''
| 1+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>178m1</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(50)# keV
| 2.36(8) h
| β<sup>+</sup>
| '''<sup>178</sup>Hf'''
| (7)−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>178m2</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1570(50)# keV
| 59(3) ms
|
|
| (15−)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>178m3</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3000(50)# keV
| 290(12) ms
|
|
| (21−)
|
|
|-
| <sup>179</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 106
| 178.9459295(23)
| 1.82(3) a
| [[전자 포획|ε]]
| '''<sup>179</sup>Hf'''
| 7/2+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>179m1</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 30.7(1) keV
| 1.42(8) µs
|
|
| (9/2)−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>179m2</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 520.23(18) keV
| 335(45) ns
|
|
| (1/2)+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>179m3</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1252.61(23) keV
| 322(16) ns
|
|
| (21/2−)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>179m4</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1317.3(4) keV
| 9.0(2) ms
| IT
| <sup>179</sup>Ta
| (25/2+)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>179m5</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1327.9(4) keV
| 1.6(4) µs
|
|
| (23/2−)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>179m6</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2639.3(5) keV
| 54.1(17) ms
|
|
| (37/2+)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>180</sup>Ta
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 73
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 107
| rowspan=2|179.9474648(24)
| rowspan=2|8.152(6) h
| ε (86%)
| '''<sup>180</sup>Hf'''
| rowspan=2|1+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup> (14%)
| '''''<sup>180</sup>W'''''
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>180m1</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 77.1(8) keV
| colspan=3 align=center|'''[[관측상 안정]]'''<ref group="n">유일하게 알려진 관측상 안정적인 [[이성질핵]]이다. 이성질핵 전이를 통해 <sup>180</sup>Ta, β<sup>-</sup> 붕괴를 통해 '''''<sup>180</sup>W''''', 또는 전자 포획을 통해 '''<sup>180</sup>Hf'''로 4.82×10<sup>16</sup>년 이상의 반감기를 거쳐 붕괴할 것으로 예상된다</ref>
| 9−
| 1.2(2)×10<sup>−4</sup>
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>180m2</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1452.40(18) keV
| 31.2(14) µs
|
|
| 15−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>180m3</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3679.0(11) keV
| 2.0(5) µs
|
|
| (22−)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>180m4</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4171.0+X keV
| 17(5) µs
|
|
| (23,24,25)
|
|
|-
| <sup>181</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 108
| 180.9479958(20)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''관측상 안정'''<ref group="n"><sup>177</sup>Lu로 붕괴할 것으로 예상된다.</ref>
| 7/2+
| 0.99988(2)
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>181m1</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 6.238(20) keV
| 6.05(12) µs
|
|
| 9/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>181m2</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 615.21(3) keV
| 18(1) µs
|
|
| 1/2+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>181m3</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1485(3) keV
| 25(2) µs
|
|
| 21/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>181m4</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2230(3) keV
| 210(20) µs
|
|
| 29/2−
|
|
|-
| <sup>182</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 109
| 181.9501518(19)
| 114.43(3) d
| β<sup>-</sup>
| '''<sup>182</sup>W'''
| 3−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>182m1</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 16.263(3) keV
| 283(3) ms
| IT
| <sup>182</sup>Ta
| 5+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>182m2</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 519.572(18) keV
| 15.84(10) min
|
|
| 10−
|
|
|-
| <sup>183</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 110
| 182.9513726(19)
| 5.1(1) d
| β<sup>-</sup>
| '''<sup>183</sup>W'''
| 7/2+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>183m</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 73.174(12) keV
| 107(11) ns
|
|
| 9/2−
|
|
|-
| <sup>184</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 111
| 183.954008(28)
| 8.7(1) h
| β<sup>-</sup>
| '''<sup>184</sup>W'''
| (5−)
|
|
|-
| <sup>185</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 112
| 184.955559(15)
| 49.4(15) min
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>185</sup>W
| (7/2+)#
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>185m</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1308(29) keV
| >1 ms
|
|
| (21/2−)
|
|
|-
| <sup>186</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 113
| 185.95855(6)
| 10.5(3) min
| β<sup>-</sup>
| '''<sup>186</sup>W'''
| (2−,3−)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>186m</sup>Ta
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" |
| 1.54(5) min
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| <sup>187</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 114
| 186.96053(21)#
| 2# min<br>[>300 ns]
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>187</sup>W
| 7/2+#
|
|
|-
| <sup>188</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 115
| 187.96370(21)#
| 20# s<br>[>300 ns]
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>188</sup>W
|
|
|
|-
| <sup>189</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 116
| 188.96583(32)#
| 3# s<br>[>300 ns]
|
|
| 7/2+#
|
|
|-
| <sup>190</sup>Ta
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| style="text-align:right" | 117
| 189.96923(43)#
| 0.3# s
|
|
|
|
|
|}
<references group="n" />

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