{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{Infobox drug
| Verifiedfields     = changed
| Watchedfields      = changed
| verifiedrevid      = 394534793
| drug_name          =
| type               =
| image              = Minoxidil structure.svg
| width              = 150
| alt                = A space filling model of the molecule.
| caption            =
| image2             = Minoxidil-from-xtal-3D-balls.png
| width2             = 135
| alt2 =

<!-- Clinical data -->
| pronounce          =
| tradename          = Loniten, Rogaine, others
| Drugs.com          = {{drugs.com|monograph|minoxidil}}
| MedlinePlus        = a682608
| licence_EU         =
| DailyMedID         = Minoxidil
| licence_US         =
| pregnancy_AU       = C
| pregnancy_AU_comment =<ref name="AU Loniten PI">{{웹 인용| title=Loniten Product Information | website=[[Therapeutic Goods Administration]] (TGA) | url=https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2010-PI-05481-3 | access-date=August 15, 2021 | archive-date=August 16, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816001526/https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2010-PI-05481-3 | url-status=live }}</ref>
| pregnancy_category =
| routes_of_administration = [[경구 투여]], [[국소 투여]]
| class              =
| ATC_prefix         = C02
| ATC_suffix         = DC01
| ATC_supplemental   = {{ATC|D11|AX01}}

<!-- Legal status -->
| legal_AU          = S4
| legal_AU_comment  = /&nbsp;S2<ref name="AU Loniten PI" /><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/servlet/xmlmillr6?dbid=ebs/PublicHTML/pdfStore.nsf&docid=59445&agid=%28PrintDetailsPublic%29&actionid=1|title=59445 WOMEN'S REGAINE EXTRA STRENGTH Minoxidil 5% application bottle|website=Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) / Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care|access-date=February 15, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://tga-search.clients.funnelback.com/s/search.html?collection=tga-artg&profile=record&meta_i=79914|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816001523/https://tga-search.clients.funnelback.com/s/search.html?collection=tga-artg&profile=record&meta_i=79914|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 16, 2021|title=Search the TGA website|website=Tga-search.clients.funnelback.com}}</ref>
| legal_BR          = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F -->
| legal_BR_comment  =
| legal_CA          = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->
| legal_CA_comment  =
| legal_DE          = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled -->
| legal_DE_comment  =
| legal_NZ          = <!-- Class A, B, C -->
| legal_NZ_comment  =
| legal_UK          = GSL
| legal_UK_comment  = /&nbsp;POM<ref name="Loniten SmPC">{{웹 인용| title=Loniten Tablets 5mg - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) | website=Medicines.org.uk | date=November 24, 2020 | url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4296/smpc | access-date=August 15, 2021 | archive-date=August 16, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816001526/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4296/smpc | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Regaine for Men SmPC">{{웹 인용| title=Regaine for Men Extra Strength Scalp Foam 5% w/w Cutaneous Foam (GSL) - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) | website=(emc) | date=April 27, 2021 | url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5781/smpc | access-date=August 15, 2021 | archive-date=August 16, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816001521/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5781/smpc | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Regaine for Women SmPC">{{웹 인용| title=Regaine for Women Once a Day Scalp Foam 5% w/w Cutaneous Foam - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) | website=Medicines.org.uk | date=October 28, 2020 | url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5082/smpc | access-date=August 15, 2021 | archive-date=August 16, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816001521/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5082/smpc | url-status=live }}</ref>
| legal_US          = OTC
| legal_US_comment  = /&nbsp;Rx-only<ref name="Minoxidil tablet FDA label" /><ref name="Minoxidil aerosol FDA label" />
| legal_EU          =
| legal_EU_comment  =
| legal_UN          = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV -->
| legal_UN_comment  =
| legal_status      = <!-- For countries not listed above -->

<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->
| bioavailability    =
| protein_bound      =
| metabolism         = 주로 [[간]]
| metabolites        =
| onset              =
| elimination_half-life = 4.2시간
| duration_of_action =
| excretion          = [[콩팥]]

<!-- Identifiers -->
| CAS_number_Ref     = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number         = 38304-91-5
| CAS_supplemental   =
| PubChem            = 4201
| IUPHAR_ligand      = 4254
| DrugBank_Ref       = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}
| DrugBank           = DB00350
| ChemSpiderID_Ref   = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID       = 10438564
| UNII_Ref           = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII               = 5965120SH1
| KEGG_Ref           = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
| KEGG               = D00418
| ChEBI_Ref          = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI              = 6942
| ChEMBL_Ref         = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL             = 802
| NIAID_ChemDB       =
| PDB_ligand         = MXD
| synonyms           = 2,4-Diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine 3-oxide

<!-- Chemical and physical data -->
| IUPAC_name         = 3-hydroxy-2-imino-6-piperidin-1-ylpyrimidin-4-amine
| C                  = 9
| H                  = 15
| N                  = 5
| O                  = 1
| SMILES             = Nc1cc(nc(N)[n+]1[O-])N2CCCCC2
| StdInChI_Ref       = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI           = 1S/C9H15N5O/c10-7-6-8(12-9(11)14(7)15)13-4-2-1-3-5-13/h6H,1-5,10H2,(H2,11,12)
| StdInChI_comment   =
| StdInChIKey_Ref    = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey        = ZFMITUMMTDLWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| density            =
| density_notes      =
| melting_point      = 248
| melting_high       =
| melting_notes      =
| boiling_point      =
| boiling_notes      =
| solubility         = <1
| sol_units          =
| specific_rotation  =
}}
'''미녹시딜'''(Minoxidil)은 [[고혈압약|항고혈압]] [[혈관확장|혈관확장제]]로 개발된 [[남성형 탈모증]] 치료제이다.<ref name="Loniten SmPC" /><ref name="Regaine for Men SmPC" /><ref name="Regaine for Women SmPC" /><ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-blood-pressure-medication/HI00057 |title=Vasodilators |website=mayoclinic.com |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110309092157/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-blood-pressure-medication/hi00057 |archive-date=March 9, 2011 }}</ref> 그러나 [[원형 탈모증]]에 대해서는 효과가 입증되지 않았다. [[경구 투여]]용 캡슐은 전문의약품으로 처방이 필요하며, 액제나 겔제 같이 국소 도포하는 제형은 [[일반의약품]]으로 판매된다.<ref name="Minoxidil tablet FDA label">{{웹 인용| title=Minoxidil tablet | website=DailyMed | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ab30461c-f8c8-409d-9e24-d58ed8a34873 | access-date=August 15, 2021 | archive-date=August 16, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816001529/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ab30461c-f8c8-409d-9e24-d58ed8a34873 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Minoxidil aerosol FDA label">{{웹 인용| title=Minoxidil aerosol, foam | website=DailyMed | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=390aa2c9-de7f-4365-a03c-cbbf8e662b7c | access-date=August 15, 2021 | archive-date=August 16, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816001531/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=390aa2c9-de7f-4365-a03c-cbbf8e662b7c | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용| title=Mens Rogaine Extra Strength Unscented- minoxidil solution | website=DailyMed | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ccaecec5-5348-4b24-9190-5464c50f6d80 | access-date=August 15, 2021 | archive-date=August 16, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816001527/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ccaecec5-5348-4b24-9190-5464c50f6d80 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용| title=Womens Rogaine Unscented- minoxidil solution | website=DailyMed | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=8bf0000c-95f3-4a4d-830b-f5ac1539823d | access-date=August 15, 2021 | archive-date=August 16, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816001523/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=8bf0000c-95f3-4a4d-830b-f5ac1539823d | url-status=live }}</ref>

== 의학적 사용 ==
미녹시딜을 [[고혈압]]에 사용하는 경우, 다른 두 가지 [[고혈압약]]과 [[이뇨제]]에도 치료 반응이 없는 중증 고혈압 환자에게 사용하기 위해 처음에는 사용하지 않는 것이 일반적이다.<ref name="pmid15133413">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Sica DA | title = Minoxidil: an underused vasodilator for resistant or severe hypertension | journal = Journal of Clinical Hypertension | volume = 6 | issue = 5 | pages = 283–287 | date = May 2004 | pmid = 15133413 | pmc = 8109604 | doi = 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2004.03585.x | s2cid = 21366804 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref> 나트륨과 칼륨 축적([[고나트륨혈증]], [[고칼륨혈증]])을 예방하기 위해 [[고리 이뇨제]]와 대개 함께 투여한다.<ref name="pmid15133413" /> 또한 [[반사성 빈맥]]을 일으킬 수 있으므로 [[베타 차단제]]와 병용한다.<ref name="pmid15133413" />

=== 탈모 ===
미녹시딜 국소 도포제는 [[탈모]] 치료에 사용한다.<ref name="Var2014" /> 성별에 관계없이, [[안드로겐성 탈모]] 환자의 모발 성장 보조에 효과적이다.<ref name="Var2014">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Varothai S, Bergfeld WF | title = Androgenetic alopecia: an evidence-based treatment update | journal = American Journal of Clinical Dermatology | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 217–230 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24848508 | doi = 10.1007/s40257-014-0077-5 | s2cid = 31245042 }}</ref> 남은 [[모낭]]을 계속 지지하고 재성장하는 모발을 유지하기 위해 미녹시딜 사용은 무기한 지속한다.<ref name="Regaine for Men SmPC" /><ref name="Regaine for Women SmPC" />

모발 손실을 줄이고 모발 재성장을 촉진하기 위해 저용량 경구 미녹시딜(low-dose oral minoxidil, LDOM)을 [[오프라벨]]로 사용한다.<ref name=":0">{{뉴스 인용|date=August 18, 2022 |title=An Old Medicine Grows New Hair for Pennies a Day, Doctors Say |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/18/health/minoxidil-hair-loss-pills.html |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819190113/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/18/health/minoxidil-hair-loss-pills.html |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |vauthors=Kolata G}}</ref> 경구 미녹시딜은 국소 제형 사용에 어려움을 겪는 환자에게 효과적이면서도 내약성 좋은 치료 대안으로 밝혀져 있다.<ref name=":1">{{저널 인용|vauthors=Randolph M, Tosti A |date=March 2021 |title=Oral minoxidil treatment for hair loss: A review of efficacy and safety |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology |language=English |volume=84 |issue=3 |pages=737–746 |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.1009 |pmid=32622136 |s2cid=220348503}}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용|vauthors=Jimenez-Cauhe J, Saceda-Corralo D, Rodrigues-Barata R, Moreno-Arrones OM, Ortega-Quijano D, Fernandez-Nieto D, Jaen-Olasolo P, Vaño-Galvan S |date=November 2020 |title=Safety of low-dose oral minoxidil treatment for hair loss. A systematic review and pooled-analysis of individual patient data |journal=Dermatologic Therapy |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=e14106 |doi=10.1111/dth.14106 |pmid=32757405|s2cid=221017080 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용|vauthors=Sharma AN, Michelle L, Juhasz M, Muller Ramos P, Atanaskova Mesinkovska N |date=August 2020 |title=Low-dose oral minoxidil as treatment for non-scarring alopecia: a systematic review |journal=International Journal of Dermatology |volume=59 |issue=8 |pages=1013–1019 |doi=10.1111/ijd.14933 |pmid=32516434|s2cid=219561573 }}</ref>

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}



[[분류:산화 아민]]
[[분류:피페리딘]]
[[분류:혈관확장제]]
[[분류:칼륨 통로 개방제]]
[[분류:아미노피리미딘]]