{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
[[파일:Flag of the Orange Order.svg|섬네일|300px]]
'''충의 오렌지단'''({{lang|en|Loyal Orange Institution}})은 [[북아일랜드]]에 본부를 둔 국제 [[개신교]] 남성친목단체다. [[저지 스코틀랜드]]와 [[영연방]] 곳곳에 지회를 두고 영향력을 행사하고 있으며 [[미국]]과 [[토고]]에도 지회가 있다. 흔히 '''오렌지단'''(Orange Order)이라고 부른다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-34088527|title=Orange Order on the equator: Keeping the faith in Ghana|last=Page|first=Chris|date=30 August 2015|publisher=BBC|language=영어|accessdate=16 May 2017|quote=It is perhaps unsurprising that the order has outposts in countries like Australia and Canada where ex-pats from Northern Ireland have emigrated. But that is not how the order took root in the West African countries Ghana and Togo. The first Orange lodge in what is now Ghana was founded in 1918.}}</ref><ref name="BenedettoMcKim2009">{{서적 인용|last1=Benedetto|first1=Robert|last2=McKim|first2=Donald K.|title=Historical Dictionary of the Reformed Churches|date=6 October 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7023-9|page=353|quote=Most of the organization's lodges are located in Northern Ireland, England, and Scotland, although others can be found throughout the British Commonwealth, including Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Africa. The lodges of every country are independent, but the Orange Order meets in a triennial world council.}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용 |url=http://www.grandorangelodge.co.uk/what-is-the-orange-order#.UZO8UcqyEsw |accessdate=15 May 2013 |title=Welcome to the Grand Orange Lodge |publisher=Orange Order |quote=We are a Protestant fraternity with members throughout the world. Autonomous Grand Lodges are found in Scotland, England, the United States of America, West Africa, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. |이탤릭체=예 |보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006071605/http://www.grandorangelodge.co.uk/what-is-the-orange-order#.UZO8UcqyEsw |보존날짜=2014-10-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

오렌지단은 [[아마 소요|신구교간 종파갈등]]이 극에 달했던 1795년 [[아마주]]에서 창단되었다. 그 형식은 [[프리메이슨]]과 유사하되 [[개신교]]에 충실하기로 했다.

오렌지단이라는 이름은 [[재커바이트의 난]]에서 천주교 군주인 [[제임스 2세 (잉글랜드)|제임스 2세]]를 무찔렀던 개신교도 왕 [[윌리엄 3세]]가 [[오라녜 공|오렌지 공]]의 작위를 가지고 있었음에서 유래했다. 단원들은 오렌지색 [[현장 (표장)|현장(懸章)]]을 패용하고 '''오렌지멘'''(Orangemen)이라고 칭한다. 매년 7월 12일에 [[오렌지 행진]]이라는 가두행진을 벌이는 것으로 유명하다.

오렌지단은 기본적으로 [[영국의 연합주의]]를 따르는 보수단체로,<ref>[http://www.grandorangelodge.co.uk/news.aspx?id=99829# Unionist Forum statement]. Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland. 9 January 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.grandorangelodge.co.uk/twelfthresolutions.aspx# Twelfth Resolutions 2013] {{웨이백|url=http://www.grandorangelodge.co.uk/twelfthresolutions.aspx |date=20141028164322 }}. Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland. Retrieved 12 July 2014.</ref> [[얼스터 충성주의]]와도 연관이 있다. 2014년에는 [[스코틀랜드의 독립]]에 반대하는 운동을 펼쳤다.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-28020183 "Scottish independence: Orange Lodge registers to campaign for a 'No' vote"]. BBC News. 25 June 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2014.</ref> 오렌지단은 자기들이 개신교도의 민권과 종교자유를 방어한다고 보고 있는 반면 비판자들은 이들이 [[종파주의]]적이고 [[개선주의]]적이라고 주장한다.<ref>{{뉴스 인용|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10592915 |title=Orangemen take part in Twelfth of July parades |date=12 July 2010 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=25 August 2010 |quote=Some marches have been a source of tension between nationalists who see the parades as triumphalist and intimidating, and Orangemen who believe it is their right to walk on public roads.}}</ref><ref>{{뉴스 인용 |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE54T1LP20090530 |title=Protestant fraternity returns to spiritual home |date=30 May 2009 |work=[[Reuters]] |accessdate=25 August 2010 |quote=The Orange Order's parades, with their distinctive soundtrack of thunderous drums and pipes, are seen by many Catholics in Northern Ireland as a triumphalist display. |archive-date=2020-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920200359/https://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE54T1LP20090530 |url-status= }}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.anphoblacht.com/news/detail/33821 |title=Ormeau Road frustration |date=27 April 2000 |work=[[An Phoblacht]] |accessdate=25 August 2010 |quote=The overwhelming majority of nationalists view Orange parades as triumphalist coat trailing exercises.}}</ref><ref name="irishcentral">{{웹 인용|url=http://www.irishcentral.com/opinion/Kinder-gentler-or-same-old-Orange-50952382.html?page=1 |title=Kinder, gentler or same old Orange? |date=23 July 2009 |work=[[IrishCentral|Irish Central]] |accessdate=25 August 2010 |quote=The annual Orange marches have passed relatively peacefully in Northern Ireland this year, and it seems a good faith effort is underway to try and reorient the day from one of triumphalism to one of community outreach and a potential tourist attraction&nbsp;... The 12th may well have been a celebration of a long ago battle at the Boyne in 1690, but it came to symbolize for generations of Catholics the "croppie lie down" mentality on the Orange side. The thunderous beat of the huge drums was just a small way of instilling fear into the Nationalist communities, while the insistence on marching wherever they liked through Nationalist neighborhoods was also a statement of supremacy and contempt for the feelings of the other community.}}</ref> 북아일랜드의 왕당파 [[준군사조직]]들과의 연관성 역시 비난거리다. 기본적으로 개신교 단체이기에 비개신교도는 개종하지 않으면 단원으로 받아들이지 않으며, 천주교도와 결혼한 개신교도도 받아주지 않는다.<ref name="auto">"...&nbsp;No catholic and no-one whose close relatives are catholic may be a member." Northern Ireland The Orange State, Michael Farrell</ref><ref name=ExplainingNI>{{서적 인용|author1=McGarry, John  |author2=O'Leary, Brendan  |lastauthoramp=yes | title = Explaining Northern Ireland: Broken Images | publisher = Blackwell Publishers |year=1995 | doi = | isbn = 978-0-631-18349-5 | page = 180}}</ref><ref name=TOM>{{웹 인용|last=Lynch |first=Paul |url=http://www.abc.net.au/rn/perspective/stories/2006/1776931.htm|title=Perspective – The Orange Marches |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Commission|date=31 October 2005|accessdate=28 May 2013}}</ref> 이들의 연례 행사인 오렌지 행진은 주변의 천주교도 및 아일랜드 민족주의자들을 쉽게 자극하며, 폭력사태로 이어지는 경우도 적지 않다.<ref>{{서적 인용|last=Curtis |first=Jennifer |title=Human Rights as War by Other Means: Peace Politics in Northern Ireland |date=2014 |page=122 |url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=oyw6BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA122#v=onepage&q&f=false |quote= Loyal (Protestant) orders, the largest being the Orange Order, hold the most well-known and controversial parades.}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|last=Reardon |first=Lawrence C. |title=The Catholic Church and the Nation-State: Comparative Perspectives |date=2006 |page=126 |url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=-8gqfwcbTaAC&pg=PA126#v=onepage&q&f=false |quote=The 'Marching Days' beginning on July 12 each year&nbsp;... are considered highlights of the Protestant calendar. Unfortunately, the 'Marches wind their way through Catholic enclaves, a provocative move that ensures resistance, trouble, and often violence.}}</ref>

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[반가톨릭주의]]
== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

[[분류:1795년 설립된 단체]]
[[분류:오렌지단| ]]
[[분류:아일랜드의 반가톨릭주의]]
[[분류:영국의 반가톨릭주의]]
[[분류:반가톨릭주의 단체]]
[[분류:얼스터 연합주의]]
[[분류:윌리엄 3세]]
[[분류:장로교 단체]]
[[분류:우애공제조합]]