{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
[[파일:Bat Creek Exam 5-28-10.JPG|오른쪽|섬네일|300px|배트 크리크 비문.]]

'''배트 크리크 비문''' ('''배트 크리크 돌'''이나 '''배트 크리크 정제'''라고도 한다)은 [[곤충학]]자 [[사이러스 토마스]]가 감독한 [[미국 민족학국]]에 의해 1889년 [[루동군]]에 있는 [[아메리카 원주민]] [[봉분]] 발굴의 일환으로 수집된, 새겨진 돌이다. 비문은 처음 체로키로 설명됐으나, 2004년, 프리메이슨 책에서 순환 된 비문에 유사성이 발견되었다. 날조 전문가 [[케네스 페더]]는 동료 메리 L. 크와스와 로버트 메인포트가 돌의 진위에 대한 주장을 "철회했다고" 밝혔다.<ref name="Feder2010">{{서적 인용|last=Feder|first=Kenneth L.|title=Encyclopedia of Dubious Archaeology: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RlRz2symkAsC&pg=PA39|accessdate=5 March 2013|date=2010-10-11|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313379192|pages=39–}}</ref> 메인포트 및 크와스 자신은 "뱃 크릭 비석은 사기다"라고 말했다.<ref name="FinalStatement">{{웹 인용|url=http://www.ramtops.co.uk/bat2.html|title=The Bat Creek Fraud: A Final Statement|first=Robert C. |last= Mainfort, Jr. |first2= Mary L. |last2= Kwas|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref>

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[콜럼버스 이전 과대양 접촉]]
* [[미국 민족학국]] (Smithsonian Bureau of Ethnology until 1897)
* [[페니키아인 아메리카 발견론]]
* [[예후드 동전]]

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 참고 자료 ==
* Chapman, Jefferson. ''Tellico Archaeology: 12,000 Years of Native American History'' Norris, Tenn.: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1985
* Faulker, Charles H. ''The Bat Creek Stone''. Tennessee Anthropological Association, Miscellaneous Paper No. 15, 1992. Reprints pp.&nbsp;391–3 of Thomas (1894), McCulloch (1988), and Mainfort and Kwas (1991), with introduction by Faulkner.
* Feder, Kenneth L. ''Frauds, Myths and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology'', 3rd ed. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Co., 1999.
* Gordon, Cyrus H. ''Before Columbus: Links Between the Old World and Ancient America''. New York: Crown Publishers, 1971.
* Hudson, Charles. ''The Juan Pardo Expeditions: Explorations of the Carolinas and Tennessee, 1566-1568.'' Tuscaloosa, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 2005.
* Mainfort, Robert C., Jr. and Mary L. Kwas. [http://www.ramtops.co.uk/bat1.html "The Bat Creek Stone: Judeans in Tennessee?"] ''Tennessee Anthropologist'' '''16''' (Spring 1991): 1-19. Reprinted in Faulkner (1992).
* Mainfort, Robert C., Jr. and Mary L. Kwas. [http://www.ramtops.co.uk/bat2.html "The Bat Creek Fraud: A Final Statement,"] ''Tennessee Anthropologist'' '''18''' (Fall 1993): 87-93.
* Macoy, Robert, ''General History, Cyclopedia and Dictionary of Freemasonry'', Masonic Publishing Co., New York, 3rd ed., 1868, p.&nbsp;134. (Same illustration appears on p.&nbsp;169 of 1870 ed. and 1989 reprint ed., but not in 1867 ed.)
* McCarter, P. Kyle, Jr. "Let's be Serious About the Bat Creek Stone," ''Biblical Archaeology Review'' '''19''' (July/Aug. 1993): 54-55, 83.
* McCulloch, J. Huston. "[http://econ.ohio-state.edu/jhm/arch/BatCrk/TA1988.pdf The Bat Creek Inscription: Cherokee or Hebrew?] {{웨이백|url=http://econ.ohio-state.edu/jhm/arch/BatCrk/TA1988.pdf |date=20160304091649 }}" ''Tennessee Anthropologist'' '''13''' (Fall 1988): 79-123. Reprinted in Faulkner (1992).
* McCulloch, J. Huston (1993a). "[http://econ.ohio-state.edu/jhm/arch/BatCrk/TA1993.pdf The Bat Creek Stone: A Reply to Mainfort and Kwas] {{웨이백|url=http://econ.ohio-state.edu/jhm/arch/BatCrk/TA1993.pdf |date=20160304104702 }}," ''Tennessee Anthropologist'' '''18''' (Spring 1993): 1-26.
* McCulloch, J. Huston (1993b). "Did Judean Refugees Escape to Tennessee?" ''Biblical Archaeology Review'' '''19''' (July/Aug. 1993): 46-53, 82-83.
* McKusick, Marshall. "Canaanites in America: A New Scripture in Stone?" ''Biblical Archaeologist'', Summer 1979, pp.&nbsp;137–40.
* McKusick, Marshall. "The Cherokee Solution to the Bat Creek Enigma," ''Biblical Archaeology Review'', '''20''' (Jan./Feb. 1994): 83-84, 86.
* Mertz, Henriette. ''The Wine Dark Sea: Homer's Heroic Epic of the North Atlantic''. Chicago: Mertz, 1964. [[ASIN]] B0006CHG68.
* Schroedl, Gerald F. ''Archaeological Investigations at the Harrison Branch and Bat Creek Sites''. University of Tennessee, Department of Anthropology, Report of Investigations No. 10, 1975.
* Smithsonian Institution Archives. [http://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_598?back=%2Fcollections%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3D%2522Thomas%252C%2BCyrus%252C%2B1825-1910%2522%26facets%3DEXP_All%26page%3D1%26perpage%3D10%26sort%3Drelevancy%26view%3Dlist "Funds for Ethnology and Mound Survey"], dated March 3, 1881.
* Thomas, Cyrus H. ''The Cherokees in Pre-Columbian Times'' N.D.C. Hodges, New York, 1890.
* Thomas, Cyrus H. [http://archive.org/details/annualreportofbu1218901891smit "Report on the Mound Explorations of the Bureau of Ethnology"], in ''Twelfth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1890-91,'' 1894. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. pp.&nbsp;391–3 reprinted in Faulkner (1992).

== 외부 링크 ==
* [http://collections.nmnh.si.edu/search/anth/?irn=8013771 Catalogue No. A134902-0 in the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.]
* [https://www.cherokeemuseum.org/ Museum of the Cherokee Indian]

[[분류:스미스소니언 협회 소장품]]
[[분류:테네시주의 유적]]
[[분류:금석문]]
[[분류:유물]]
[[분류:총 (고고학)]]
[[분류:콜럼버스 이전의 아메리카 이주의 역사]]
[[분류:오파츠]]
[[분류:위조]]
[[분류:고고학적 날조]]
[[분류:역사 논란]]
[[분류:미국의 날조]]
[[분류:19세기 작품]]
[[분류:1889년 발굴]]
[[분류:19세기 금석문]]