{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{교전단체 정보
|이름 = 자브하트 파테 알샴
|원어이름 = <span style="line-height:1.33em;"><big>{{lang|ar|جبهة فتح الشام}}</big>{{spaces|2}}<small>{{언어링크|ar}}</small></span>
|원어이름언어 = 아랍어
|참전 = [[시리아 내전]], [[시리아 내전의 레바논 확산]]
|기 = Flag of Jabhat Fatah al-Sham.svg
|그림 = 
|활동 = [[2012년]] [[1월 23일]]<ref name=alarabiya /> ~ [[2017년]] [[1월 28일]]<ref>{{뉴스 인용|title=Syria Islamist factions, including former al Qaeda branch, join forces - statement|url=http://news.trust.org/item/20170128161652-xes7v/|accessdate=1 February 2017|work=Thomson Reuters Foundation|date=28 January 2017|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202124825/http://news.trust.org/item/20170128161652-xes7v/|url-status=}}</ref>
|이념 =
* [[살라프파]]<ref>{{웹 인용|title=The Al-Nusra Front|url=http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/Data/articles/Art_20573/E_076_13_1861409435.pdf|date=23 September 2013|accessdate=23 April 2015|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114120915/http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/Data/articles/Art_20573/E_076_13_1861409435.pdf|보존날짜=2014-11-14|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[이슬람 극단주의]]<ref>{{웹 인용|title=Al-Nusra Front|url=http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/493|year=2012|accessdate=November 2014}}</ref>
* [[종교 민족주의]]<br>반[[알라위파]]<ref>{{웹 인용| title =Jabhat al-Nusra in Syria| url =http://www.understandingwar.org/report/jabhat-al-nusra-syria| website =Institute for the Study of War| date = | accessdate = 7 April 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용| title =Syria: A gathering force| url =http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/cae1bf48-9341-11e3-b07c-00144feab7de.html#axzz3WXVEKsGO| website =Financial Times| date =February 2014| accessdate =7 April 2015| 보존url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143739/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/cae1bf48-9341-11e3-b07c-00144feab7de.html#axzz3WXVEKsGO| 보존날짜 =2015-09-24| url-status =dead}}</ref>
|지휘관 = [[아부 무함마드 알줄라니]]<ref>{{뉴스 인용|url=http://world.time.com/2012/07/26/time-exclusive-meet-the-islamist-militants-fighting-alongside-syrias-rebels//|title=TIME Exclusive: Meet the Islamist Militants Fighting Alongside Syria’s Rebels|date=26 July 2012|accessdate=29 November 2012|work=Time}}</ref>
|본부 = 
* {{국기그림|시리아}} [[데이르에조르]] <small>(2012 ~ 2014)</small><ref>{{뉴스 인용|title=ISIS losing ground in Syria to Jabhat al-Nusra|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/ar/contents/articles/security/2014/02/isis-losing-ground-deir-al-zour-jabhat.html|author=Abdallah Suleiman Ali|publisher=[[Al-Monitor]]|date=12 February 2014|accessdate=14 February 2014|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222030309/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/ar/contents/articles/security/2014/02/isis-losing-ground-deir-al-zour-jabhat.html|보존날짜=2014년 2월 22일|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{국기그림|시리아}} [[이들리브 주]] 하렘 <small>(2014년)</small><ref>{{뉴스 인용|title=Report: Airstrikes target another Islamist group in Syria|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/06/world/meast/syria-crisis/|author= Nick Paton Walsh and Laura Smith-Spark|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=6 November 2014|accessdate=November 2014}}</ref>
* {{국기그림|시리아}} [[이들리브 주]] 살친 <small>(2014 ~ 현재)</small><ref name="al-Nusra military chief killed">{{웹 인용|url=http://aranews.net/2015/03/syrias-qaeda-leader-killed-in-explosion/|title=Syria's Qaeda leader killed in explosion - ARA News|work=ARA News|확인날짜=2015년 3월 31일|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308140014/http://aranews.net/2015/03/syrias-qaeda-leader-killed-in-explosion/|보존날짜=2015년 3월 8일|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|활동지역 = {{국기나라|시리아}}<br />{{국기나라|레바논}}<ref>{{뉴스 인용|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/01/fatal-blast-lebanon-ends-lull-attacks-2015110194313121358.html|title=Al Nusra Front claims Lebanon suicide attack|date=11 January 2015|accessdate=12 January 2015|publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref>
|병력 = 8,000 ~ 100,000명<ref>{{뉴스 인용|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2015/0504/Syria-crisis-Spooked-by-rebel-gains-Jordan-doubles-down-on-Islamic-State|title=Syria crisis: Spooked by rebel gains, Jordan doubles down on Islamic State|date=4 May 2015|accessdate=4 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용| title =Jabhat Al-Nusra's Win In Idlib Highlights Al Qaeda's Strategy To Defeat President Bashar Assad| url =http://www.ibtimes.com/jabhat-al-nusras-win-idlib-highlights-al-qaedas-strategy-defeat-president-bashar-1864222| website =International Business Times| date = 31 March 2015| accessdate = 2 April 2015}}</ref>
|상위단체 = {{국기|알카에다}}
|동맹단체 = [[안샤르 알이슬람]]<ref name=iraqiupdate>{{웹 인용|title=Key Updates on Iraq's Sunni Insurgent Groups|url=http://brown-moses.blogspot.co.uk/2014/05/key-updates-on-iraqs-sunni-insurgent.html|author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi|publisher=Brown Moses Blog|date=11 May 2014|accessdate=February 2015}}</ref>
|적대단체 = {{국기나라|시리아}}<br />{{국기나라|레바논}}<br />{{국기나라 그림|Flag of Syria (1932-1958; 1961-1963).svg}} [[자유 시리아군]]<ref name="FSA">{{웹 인용 |url= http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Apr-15/294547-syria-rebels-in-south-reject-cooperation-with-nusra.ashx |title= Syria rebels in south reject cooperation with Nusra |publisher= The Daily Star |agency= AFP |last=  |first=  |date= 15 April 2015 |accessdate= 17 April 2015 |quote= Rebels fighting in southern Syria will not cooperate militarily with Al-Qaeda's Syrian affiliate, Al-Nusra Front, a spokesman said Wednesday [...] "We reject all forms of cooperation with Nusra Front because keeping silent on its excesses, its statements and its violations will only allow them to continue," Rayes told AFP. |archive-date= 2015-12-16 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151216012330/http://www.dailystar.com.lb//News/Middle-East/2015/Apr-15/294547-syria-rebels-in-south-reject-cooperation-with-nusra.ashx |url-status= dead }}</ref>
<br />{{국기나라 그림|Islamic State flag.svg}} [[이라크 레반트 이슬람 국가|IS]]<ref>{{뉴스 인용|title=Jabhat al-Nusra launches war against IS in Qalamoun|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2015/05/syira-qalamoun-jabhat-al-nusra-war-isis-kharijites.html|accessdate=15 May 2015|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=15 May 2015|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514122418/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2015/05/syira-qalamoun-jabhat-al-nusra-war-isis-kharijites.html|보존날짜=2015년 5월 14일|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|전투 = [[시리아 내전]]
* [[2015년 이들리브 주 공세]]
* [[보스라 전투 (2015년)|보스라 전투]]
[[레바논 분쟁]]
|테러지정={{국기나라 그림|Flag of the United States (Pantone).svg}} [[미국]], {{국기|캐나다}}, {{국기|일본}}, {{국기|러시아}}, {{국기|사우디아라비아}}, {{국기|튀르키예}}, {{국기|아랍에미리트}}, {{국기|영국}}, {{국기|오스트레일리아}}, {{국기|국제연합}}
|웹사이트 = https://twitter.com/SHMM_5
}}

'''자브하트 파테 알샴'''({{llang|en|Jabhat Fateh al-Sham}}, {{llang|ar|جبهة فتح الشام}}), '''알누스라 전선'''({{llang|en|al-Nusra Front}}) 또는 '''자브하트 알누스라'''({{llang|ar|جبهة النصرة لأهل الشام|Jabhat an-Nuṣrah li-Ahli ash-Shām}}{{llang|en|Jabhat al-Nusra}}, '''JN''')는 [[시리아]]<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/131108/zawahiri-disbands-main-qaeda-faction-syria-0|title=Zawahiri disbands main Qaeda faction in Syria|publisher=GlobalPost|date=8 November 2013|accessdate=15 November 2013|archive-date=2013-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109005944/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/131108/zawahiri-disbands-main-qaeda-faction-syria-0|url-status=dead}}</ref>와 [[레바논]]<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-01-21/suicide-bomber-hits-hezbollah-stronghold-in-beirut-lebanon/5211872 Al Qaeda-linked group Al Nusra Front claims deadly car bombing in Lebanese capital Beirut] [[ABC (Australia)|ABC]], 21 January 2014</ref>에서 활동하는 [[알카에다]] 분파 조직이다.

[[시리아 내전]] 중인 [[2012년]] [[1월 23일]] 형성을 발표했다.<ref name=alarabiya>{{뉴스 인용|title=Islamist group claims Syria bombs 'to avenge Sunnis'|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/03/21/202177.html|publisher=[[Al Arabiya]]|date=21 March 2012|accessdate=23 March 2012|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323034700/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/03/21/202177.html|보존날짜=2012년 3월 23일|url-status=dead}}</ref> 이후 시리아에서 "가장 공격적이고 성공적"<ref>{{뉴스 인용|title=Al-Qaeda affiliate playing larger role in Syria rebellion|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/post/al-qaeda-affiliate-playing-larger-role-in-syria-rebellion/2012/11/30/203d06f4-3b2e-11e2-9258-ac7c78d5c680_blog.html|last=Ignatius|first=David|authorlink=David Ignatius|newspaper=[[워싱턴 포스트]]|date=30 November 2012|accessdate=1 December 2012}}</ref>이고 "가장 효과적인 반군"<ref>{{뉴스 인용|last=Blanford|first=Nicholas|title=Jihadis may want to kill Assad. But is he lucky to have them?|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/2013/1010/Jihadis-may-want-to-kill-Assad.-But-is-he-lucky-to-have-them|accessdate=7 January 2014|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor|date=10 October 2013}}</ref>으로 불리며 세를 과시하고 있다.

2014년 미국의 공습으로 지휘관 중 한 명인 [[아부 유세프 알투르키]]가 사망했음을 발표했다.<ref>https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=104&oid=001&aid=0007140723{{깨진 링크|url=https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=104&oid=001&aid=0007140723 }}</ref>

[[2016년]] [[7월 27일]], 알누스라 전선은 [[알카에다]]와 분리되었고 이름을 자브하트 파테 알샴으로 바꿨다.<ref name=Rebrand>{{뉴스 인용|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-36916606|title=Syrian Nusra Front announces split from al-Qaeda|date=28 July 2016|accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref>

[[2017년]] [[2월 28일]] 알누스라 전선은 알누스라를 포함한 4개의 단체를 통합하여 [[레반트 자유인민위원회]]를 결성하여 해체되었다.

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

{{시리아 내전}}
{{알카에다}}

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:2012년 설립된 단체]]
[[분류:2017년 폐지]]
[[분류:알카에다]]
[[분류:레바논의 반군]]
[[분류:시리아의 반군]]
[[분류:사우디아라비아가 지정한 테러 단체]]
[[분류:오스트레일리아가 지정한 테러 단체]]
[[분류:일본이 지정한 테러 단체]]
[[분류:시리아의 반IS 세력]]
[[분류:시리아의 이슬람 테러리즘]]