{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
'''전투종족'''(Martial race)은 [[세포이 항쟁]] 이후 [[영국령 인도]]의 군 관계자들이 만든 명칭으로 각 [[카스트]]를 '전투', '비전투'의 두 그룹으로 분류하던 것으로부터 유래하였다. 영국의 관점에서 '전투종족'은 일반적으로 용맹하고 체격이 건장한 반면 '비전투종족'은 정적인 생활 방식으로 전투에 적합하지 않다고 여겼다. 다른 가설에 의하면 [[세포이 항쟁]] 때 영국식 훈련을 받은 인도인 병사들이 포함되었던 일로 인해 이후의 모집 정책이 영국에 충성을 유지한 카스트를 선호하고 [[벵골군]] 모집 지역으로부터는 모집을 줄이거나 배제하면서 생긴 구분이라고도 한다. 개념 자체는 인도 문화 속에 이전부터 존재하던 것으로 [[힌두교]]식 사회 체계에서 4 계급 중 하나인 [[크샤트리아]](전사, 戰士)가 이에 해당한다.

== 전투종족으로 분류된 부족 및 민족 목록 ==
=== 영국 식민지 시대 ===
[[파일:Rajputs.jpg|섬네일|right|[[대영 도서관]]의 수록되어 있는 "라지푸트족" (불명, c.1860)]]

영국이 정리한 인도 아대륙의 "전투종족"<ref>Each of the following groups are mentioned in the ''Annual Class Return, 1925, pp 96-99''.</ref>
* [[아히르]]<ref>http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=r8WaTfO-McjKrAeViJHvBg&ct=result&id=WzIXHR8kVw0C&dq=jats++and+ahirs+of+pakistan&q=ahirs+</ref>
* [[아완]]족<ref>{{서적 인용|url=http://books.google.com/?id=d5ZiMV7rqWUC |title=The Garrison State: The Military, Government and Society in Colonial Punjab, 1849-1947 |first=Tai Yong |last=Tan |publisher= |accessdate=2010-09-19 |isbn=978-0-7619-3336-6 |year=2005}}</ref>
* [[브후미하르 브라민]]  (반란 이후에 제외됨)
* [[번트 (민족)|번트]]
* [[칸드라세니야 카야스타 프라브후]]
* [[단가르]]족 ([[학타르]])<ref>http://books.google.co.in/books?id=vRwS6FmS2g0C&pg=PA205</ref>
*드훈드 아바시스
* [[카트리]]
* [[도그라]]<ref name = "Mazumdar Rajit">The Indian Army and the Making of Punjab, By Rajit K. Mazumder, pp 99, 105</ref>
* [[가크하르]]족
* [[가르왈리 족]]<ref>{{웹 인용 |url=http://www.defenceindia.com/def_common/ethnic_group_recruitment.html |제목=Ethnic Group Recruitment in the Indian Army by Dr. Omar Khalidi. |확인날짜=2013년 10월 17일 |보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020114933/http://defenceindia.com/def_common/ethnic_group_recruitment.html |보존날짜=2006년 10월 20일 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[구만]]
* [[구르자르]]<ref name = "Mazumdar Rajit"/>
* [[구르카]]족<ref name="eup">{{저널 인용|last=Surridge|first=Keith|year=2007|title=Martial Races: the Military, Race and Masculinity in British Imperial Culture, 1857-1914 (review)|journal=Journal of Victorian Culture|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|location=Edinburgh|volume=12|issue=1|pages=146–150|issn=1355-5502|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/journal_of_victorian_culture/v012/12.1surridge.html|access-date=2022-01-04|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305002733/http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=%2Fjournals%2Fjournal_of_victorian_culture%2Fv012%2F12.1surridge.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[자누아]]<ref name = "Mazumdar Rajit"/>
* [[자트족]]<ref name="Britten">{{서적 인용|title=American Indians in World War I: At Home and at War |first=Thomas A. |last=Britten |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |year=1997 |page=128 |edition=illustrated, reprint |ISBN=0826320902 |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=M8mZQhVkc-kC&pg=PA128&output=text#c_top |quote=The Rajputs, Jats, Dogras, Pathans, Gorkhas, and Sikhs, for example, were considered martial races. Consequently, the British labored to ensure that members of the so-called martial castes dominated the ranks of infantry and cavalry and placed them in special "class regiments."}}</ref>
* [[캄보즈]]/[[캄보흐]].<ref>Restricted Peasants and the Restraint of Imperial Power, Indian Army and the Making of Punjab, 2003, R. K. Majumdar</ref>
* [[코크하르]]<ref name = "Mazumdar Rajit"/>
* [[코다야 족]]
* [[쿠마우니족]]s<ref>{{웹 인용 |url=http://www.defenceindia.com/def_common/ethnic_group_recruitment.html |제목=Ethnic Group Recruitment in the Indian Army by Dr. Omar Khalid. |확인날짜=2013년 10월 17일 |보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020114933/http://defenceindia.com/def_common/ethnic_group_recruitment.html |보존날짜=2006년 10월 20일 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[마하르]]족
* [[싱할라인]]
* [[마라타]]족<ref>[http://books.google.co.in/books?id=U5FdJnnDhSwC&pg=PA189 Creative Pasts: Historical Memory And Identity in Western India, 1700-1960] From book: "In the early twentieth century, the Marathas were identified as a "martial race" fit for the imperial army, and recruitment of Marathas increased after World War I."</ref>
* [[모히알족]]
* [[나이르족]]<ref>{{서적 인용| title = Asia: Asian Quarterly of Culture and Synthesis | author = American Asiatic Association | publisher = Asia Magazine | year = 1942 | page = 22}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용| title = The Mass Media and Village Life: An Indian Study | author = Paul Hartmann, B. R. Patil, Anita Dighe | publisher = Sage Publications | year = 1989 | page = 224| isbn = 0-8039-9581-4}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용| title = Many Worlds: An Autobiography | author = Kumara Padmanabha Sivasankara Menon | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1965 | page = 2}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용| title = Imprint | author = Hugh Gantzer | publisher = Business Press | date = April 1975-March 1976 | page = 80}}</ref> (반란으로 사라짐)
* [[파슈툰족]]<ref name = "Mazumdar Rajit"/>
* [[파라스하르족]]  (반란 이후에 제외됨)
* [[콰임크하니]]족
* [[로르]]족
* [[레디족]]<ref>Benjamin B. Cohen (2002). Hindu rulers in a Muslim state L: Hyderabad, 1850-1949. University of Wisconsin--Madison. p. 78. Retrieved 20 July 2011</ref>
* [[라지푸트족]]<ref name="Britten"/>
* [[사이니족]]s<ref name="Mazumdar Rajit"/><ref name="2nd Punjab">''"The chief areas for Saini recruitment were the Ambala, Hoshiarpur, and Jullundur Districts. ",'' The Golden Galley: the story of the Second Punjab Regiment, 1761-1947, pp 313, Sir Geoffrey Betham, Herbert Valentine Rupert Geary,rinted for the 2d Punjab Regiment Officers ̕Association at the University Press, by C. Batey, printer to the university, 1956</ref><ref name = "Saini recruitment 1904">Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. , Jullundur District with Maps, pp 269, 1904 , Lahore, Printed at the "Civil and Military Gazette" Press</ref>
* [[시크교|시크족]]<ref>{{뉴스 인용| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3736937.stm | work=BBC News | title=British Sikhs salute Indian success | date=21 May 2004 | accessdate=12 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용 |url=http://www.sikhmediawatch.org/pubs/smartpub8.htm |제목=보관된 사본 |확인날짜=2013-10-17 |보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821232006/http://www.sikhmediawatch.org/pubs/smartpub8.htm# |보존날짜=2012-08-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[수드한]]
* [[타놀리족]]<ref>The People of India: A Series of Photographic Illustrations, with Descriptive Letterpress, of the Races and Tribes of Hindustan, Originally Prepared Under the Authority of the Government of India, and Reproduced by Order of the Secretary of State for India in Council By John Forbes Watson, John William Kaye, Meadows Taylor, Great Britain. India Office Published by India museum, 1872 Item notes: v. 5</ref><ref>Bonarjee, P. D. (1899), A Handbook of Fighting Races of India, Calcutta: Thacker Spink  (fasc. 1975, New Delhi: Asian Publication Services)</ref>
* [[타르칸족]]
* [[야다브족]]

== 참고 서적 ==
*{{저널 인용|url=http://www.jstor.org/pss/2943173 |title=The Untouchable Soldier: Caste, Politics, and the Indian Army |first=Stephen P. |last=Cohen |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=28 |issue=3 |date=May 1969 |pages=453–468}} {{subscription required}}
*{{서적 인용|first=Stephen P. |last=Cohen |title=The Indian Army |location=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press |year=1971}}

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

[[분류:전투종족]]
[[분류:전사]]
[[분류:영국령 인도]]