{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477163394
| Name = 염화 칼슘
| ImageFile = File:Kristallstruktur Calciumchlorid.png
| ImageSize = 160px
| ImageName = Structure of calcium chloride, (chlorine is green, calcium is gray)
| ImageFile1 = Calcium chloride CaCl2.jpg
| ImageName1 = Sample of calcium chloride
| IUPACName = Calcium chloride
| OtherNames = Neutral calcium chloride; calcium(II) chloride, calcium dichloride, E509
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID = 23237
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| UNII = OFM21057LP
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| ChEMBL = 1200668
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|??}}
| ChEBI = 3312
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|??}}
| DrugBank = DB01164
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|??}}
| SMILES = [Ca+2].[Cl-].[Cl-]
| InChI = 1/Ca.2ClH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
| InChIKey = UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-NUQVWONBAG
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/Ca.2ClH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 10043-52-4
| CASNo_Comment = 
| CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CASNo1 = 22691-02-7
| CASNo1_Comment = (monohydrate)
| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CASNo2 = 10035-04-8
| CASNo2_Comment = (dihydrate)
| CASNo3_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CASNo3 = 25094-02-4
| CASNo3_Comment = (tetrahydrate)
| CASNo4_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CASNo4 = 7774-34-7
| CASNo4_Comment = (hexahydrate)
| PubChem = 24854
| RTECS = EV9800000
| EC_number = 233-140-8
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Ca=1 | Cl=2
| Appearance = White powder, [[hygroscopic]]
| Odor = Odorless
| Density = {{ubl
 | 2.15{{nbsp}}g/cm<sup>3</sup> (anhydrous)
 | 2.24{{nbsp}}g/cm<sup>3</sup> (monohydrate)
 | 1.85{{nbsp}}g/cm<sup>3</sup> (dihydrate)
 | 1.83{{nbsp}}g/cm<sup>3</sup> (tetrahydrate)
 | 1.71{{nbsp}}g/cm<sup>3</sup> (hexahydrate)<ref name=crc>{{CRC90}}</ref>
 }}
| MeltingPtC = 772–775
| MeltingPt_notes = <br> anhydrous<ref name=pphoic /><br><!--
 -->{{convert|260|C|F K}}<br> monohydrate, decomposes<br><!--
 -->{{convert|175|C|F K}}<br> dihydrate, decomposes<br><!--
 -->{{convert|45.5|C|F K}}<br> tetrahydrate, decomposes<ref name=pphoic>
   {{서적 인용
    | last = Pradyot | first = Patnaik
    | year = 2019

    | title = Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals
    | publisher = The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
    | isbn = 978-0-07-049439-8
    | page = 162
    }}</ref><br><!--
 -->{{convert|30|C|F K}}<br> hexahydrate, decomposes<ref name=crc />
| BoilingPtC = 1935
| BoilingPt_notes = anhydrous<ref name=crc />
| Solubility = Anhydrous: <br><!--
  -->74.5{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}mL (20&nbsp;°C)<ref name=ISCS>
  {{웹 인용
   |title=Calcium chloride (anhydrous)
   |url=http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1184.htm
   |website=ICSC
   |publisher=International Programme on Chemical Safety and the European Commission
   }}</ref><br><!--
 -->Hexahydrate:<br><!--
  -->49.4{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}mL (−25&nbsp;°C)<br><!--
  -->59.5{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}mL (0&nbsp;°C)<br><!--
  -->65{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}mL (10&nbsp;°C)<br><!--
  -->81.1{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}mL (25&nbsp;°C)<ref name=crc /><br><!--
  -->102.2{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}mL (30.2&nbsp;°C)<br><!--
 -->α-Tetrahydrate:<br><!--
  -->90.8{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}mL (20&nbsp;°C)<br><!--
  -->114.4{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}mL (40&nbsp;°C)<br><!--
 -->Dihydrate:<br><!--
  -->134.5{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}mL (60&nbsp;°C)<br><!--
  -->152.4{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}mL (100&nbsp;°C)<ref name=sioc>
  {{서적 인용
   |last1 = Seidell|first1 = Atherton
   |last2 = Linke|first2 = William F.
   |year = 1919
   |title = Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds
   |url = https://archive.org/details/solubilitiesino01seidgoog|publisher = D. Van Nostrand Company
   |place = New York
   |edition = 2nd
   |page = [https://archive.org/details/solubilitiesino01seidgoog/page/n224 196]
   }}</ref>
| SolubleOther = {{ubl
 | Soluble in [[acetic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>COOH]], [[alcohol]]s
 | Insoluble in liquid [[ammonia|NH<sub>3</sub>]], [[dimethyl sulfoxide|DMSO]], [[ethyl acetate|CH<sub>3</sub>COOC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>]]<ref name=chemister />
 }}
| Solubility1 = {{ubl
 | 18.3{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}g (0&nbsp;°C)
 | 25.8{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}g (20&nbsp;°C)
 | 35.3{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}g (40&nbsp;°C)
 | 56.2{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}g (70&nbsp;°C)<ref name=chemister>
   {{웹 인용
    | last = Anatolievich | first = Kiper Ruslan
    | work=chemister.ru
    | url = http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=558
    | title = Properties of substance: calcium chloride
    | accessdate = 2014-07-07
    }}</ref>
 }}
| Solvent1 = ethanol
| Solubility2 = {{ubl
 | 21.8{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}g (0&nbsp;°C)
 | 29.2{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}g (20&nbsp;°C)
 | 38.5{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}g (40&nbsp;°C)<ref name=chemister />
 }}
| Solvent2 = methanol
| Solubility3 = 0.1{{nbsp}}g/kg (20&nbsp;°C)<ref name=chemister />
| Solvent3 = acetone
| Solubility4 = 16.6{{nbsp}}g/kg<ref name=chemister />
| Solvent4 = pyridine
| Viscosity = {{ubl
 | 3.34{{nbsp}}cP (787&nbsp;°C)
 | 1.44{{nbsp}}cP (967&nbsp;°C)<ref name=chemister />
 }}
| MagSus = −5.47·10<sup>−5</sup>{{nbsp}}cm<sup>3</sup>/mol<ref name=crc />
| pKa = {{ubl
 | 8–9 (anhydrous)
 | 6.5–8.0 (hexahydrate)
 }}
| RefractIndex = 1.52
 }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Coordination = [[Octahedral]] (Ca<sup>2+</sup>, anhydrous)
| CrystalStruct = {{ubl
 | [[orthorhombic crystal system|Orthorhombic]] ([[rutile]], anhydrous), [[Pearson symbol|oP6]]
 | [[tetragonal crystal system|Tetragonal]] (anhydrous, > 217&nbsp;°C), [[Pearson symbol|oP6]]<ref name=isc>
  {{서적 인용
   | title = Inorganic Structural Chemistry
   | first = Ulrich | last = Müller
   | edition = 2nd
   | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=s3KlfXCY11sC&pg=PA33
   | work= wiley.com
   | year = 2006
   | publisher = John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
   | place = England
   | isbn = 978-0-470-01864-4
   | page = 33
   }}</ref>
 | [[trigonal crystal system|Trigonal]] (hexahydrate)
 }}
| SpaceGroup = {{ubl
 | Pnnm, No. 58 (anhydrous)
 | P4<sub>2</sub>/mnm, No. 136 (anhydrous, >217&nbsp;°C)<ref name=isc />
 }}
| PointGroup = {{ubl
 | 2/m 2/m 2/m (anhydrous)
 | 4/m 2/m 2/m (anhydrous, >217&nbsp;°C)<ref name=isc />
 }}
| LattConst_a = 6.259&nbsp;Å
| LattConst_b = 6.444&nbsp;Å
| LattConst_c = 4.17&nbsp;Å (anhydrous, 17&nbsp;°C)<ref name=isc />
| LattConst_alpha = 90
  }}
|Section5={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| HeatCapacity = {{ubl
 | 72.89{{nbsp}}J/mol·K (anhydrous)<ref name=crc />
 | 106.23{{nbsp}}J/mol·K (monohydrate)
 | 172.92{{nbsp}}J/mol·K (dihydrate)
 | 251.17{{nbsp}}J/mol·K (tetrahydrate)
 | 300.7{{nbsp}}J/mol·K (hexahydrate)<ref name=pphoic />
 }}
| Entropy = 108.4{{nbsp}}J/mol·K<ref name=crc /><ref name=pphoic />
| DeltaHf = {{ubl
 | −795.42{{nbsp}}kJ/mol (anhydrous)<ref name=crc />
 | −1110.98{{nbsp}}kJ/mol (monohydrate)
 | −1403.98{{nbsp}}kJ/mol (dihydrate)
 | −2009.99{{nbsp}}kJ/mol (tetrahydrate)
 | −2608.01{{nbsp}}kJ/mol (hexahydrate)<ref name=pphoic />
 }}
| DeltaGf = −748.81{{nbsp}}kJ/mol<ref name=crc /><ref name=pphoic />
| DeltaHc =
  }}
|Section6={{Chembox Pharmacology
| ATCCode_prefix = A12
| ATCCode_suffix = AA07
| ATC_Supplemental = {{ATC|B05|XA07}}, {{ATC|G04|BA03}}
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = Irritant
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}<ref name="sigma">{{Sigma-Aldrich|id=499609|name=Calcium chloride|accessdate=2014-07-07}}</ref>
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|319}}<ref name="sigma" />
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|305+351+338}}<ref name="sigma" />
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 1
| NFPA_ref =<ref name=fca>{{웹 인용|title= MSDS of Calcium chloride |url = https://www.fishersci.ca/viewmsds.do?catNo=C6143 |work= fishersci.ca |publisher= Fisher Scientific |accessdate= 2014-07-07}}</ref>
| LD50 = 1,000-1,400{{nbsp}}mg/kg (rats, oral)<ref name="natcc">{{서적 인용|title= Handbook of Lithium and Natural Calcium Chloride |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Ua2SVcUBHZgC&q=lethal+dose+of+%22calcium+chloride%22+ld50&pg=PA379 |isbn= 978-0080472904 |author= Donald E. Garrett |page= 379 |quote= Its toxicity upon ingestion, is indicated by the test on rats: oral LD50 (rat) is 1.0–1.4 g/kg (the lethal dose for half of the test animals, in this case rats...) |date= 2004 |accessdate= 2018-08-29 }}</ref>
  }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = {{ubl
  | [[Calcium fluoride]]
  | [[Calcium bromide]]
  | [[Calcium iodide]]
  }}
| OtherCations = {{ubl
  | [[Beryllium chloride]]
  | [[Magnesium chloride]]
  | [[Strontium chloride]]
  | [[Barium chloride]]
  | [[Radium chloride]]
  }}
 }}
}}
'''염화 칼슘'''(塩化칼슘, {{문화어| 염화칼시움}}, CaCl<sub>2</sub>, Calcium chloride)은 [[칼슘]]과 [[염소 (원소)|염소]]로 이루어진 흰 빛깔의 [[결정 구조]]를 지닌 [[염]]이다. [[제빙]]할 때의 냉각 매제, 또 눈이 어는 것을 방지할 때 제설제로 쓰인다.

== 생성 ==
[[탄산 칼슘]], [[산화 칼슘]], [[수산화 칼슘]]에 [[염산]]을 섞어 가열한 뒤 [[증발]], 농축시켜서 만든다.

== 이용 ==
* [[인산염]] 추출: 3 CaCl<sub>2</sub> (aq) + 2 K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (aq) → Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (s) + 6 KCl (aq)
* [[전기분해]]: CaCl<sub>2</sub> (l) → Ca (s) + Cl<sub>2</sub> (g) - [[칼슘]] 금속과 [[염소 (원소)|염소]] 기체가 생성된다.

콘크리트 경화촉진제<ref>{{서적 인용|제목=토목기사 실기|성=박영태|이름=|날짜=2019|판=|출판사=|쪽=424|장=}}</ref>, [[기초]] 공사 터파기 토질이 붕괴성 토질인 경우 지반의 화학적 안정화에 쓰인다.

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[염화 칼슘(I)]](CaCl)
* [[염화 칼륨]](KCl)
* [[염화 마그네슘]](MgCl<sub>2</sub>)

== 각주 ==
<references />

== 외부 링크 ==
{{위키공용분류}}
* {{언어링크|en}} [http://www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc11/icsc1184.htm International Chemical Safety Card 1184] {{웹아카이브|url=https://archive.today/20130415003211/http://www.ilo.org/legacy/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc11/icsc1184.htm |날짜=2013-04-15 }}

{{염화물}}
{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:건조제]]
[[분류:소금]]
[[분류:염화물]]
[[분류:칼슘 화합물]]