{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{Infobox chromosome
| image = Human male karyotpe high resolution - Chromosome 21 cropped.png
| caption = [[G 분염법]] 후의 사람의 21번 염색체 쌍.<br />하나는 아버지에게서, 하나는 어머니에게서 받은 것이다.
| image2 = Human male karyotpe high resolution - Chromosome 21.png
| caption2 = 사람의 남성의 [[핵형도]]에서의<br />21번 염색체 쌍.
| length_bp = 45,090,682 bp<br />(CHM13)
| genes = 215 ([[컨센서스 CDS 프로젝트|CCDS]])<ref name="CCDS">{{cite web | title=Search results - 21&#91;CHR&#93; AND "Homo sapiens"&#91;Organism&#93; AND ("has ccds"&#91;Properties&#93; AND alive&#91;prop&#93;) - Gene | website= NCBI |version = CCDS Release 24 for ''Homo sapiens'' | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=21%5BChr%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22has%20ccds%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch |date=2022-10-26 | access-date=2022-12-23}}</ref>
| type = [[상염색체]]
| centromere_position = [[동원체#아크로센트릭|아크로센트릭]]<ref name="StrachanRead2010">{{cite book|author1=Tom Strachan|author2=Andrew Read|title=Human Molecular Genetics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dSwWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45|date=2 April 2010|publisher=Garland Science|isbn=978-1-136-84407-2|page=45}}</ref><br />(12.0 Mbp<ref name="850bphs">Genome Decoration Page, NCBI.   [http://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/gdp/ideogram_9606_GCF_000001305.14_850_V1 Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3)]. Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.</ref>)
| chr = 21
| ensembl_id = 21
| entrez_id = 21
| ncbi_id = 21
| ucsc_id = 21
| refseq_id = NC_000021
| genbank_id = CM000683
}}

'''21번 염색체'''(二十一番染色體, {{llang|en|chromosome 21}})는 [[사람]]의 23쌍의 [[염색체]] 중 하나이다. 21번 염색체는 사람의 [[상염색체]]이자 염색체 중 가장 작은 것으로,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/chromosome/21|title=Chromosome 21}}</ref> 4,670만 개의 [[염기쌍]]([[DNA]]의 구성 요소)으로 구성되어 있으며, [[세포]] 내 전체 DNA의 약 1.5%를 차지한다. 대부분의 사람들은 21번 염색체를 2개 가지고 있지만, 21번 염색체를 [[삼염색체성|3개]] 가지고 있는 사람은 [[다운 증후군]]을 앓는다.

[[인간 게놈 프로젝트]]에 참여한 연구자들은 2000년 5월에 이 염색체를 구성하는 [[염기쌍]]의 서열을 결정했다고 발표했다.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1038/35012518|pmid = 10830953| title=The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21| journal=Nature| volume=405| issue=6784| pages=311–319| year=2000| last1=Hattori| first1=M.| last2=Fujiyama| first2=A.| last3=Taylor| first3=T. D.| last4=Watanabe| first4=H.| last5=Yada| first5=T.| last6=Park| first6=H.-S.| last7=Toyoda| first7=A.| last8=Ishii| first8=K.| last9=Totoki| first9=Y.| last10=Choi| first10=D.-K.| last11=Soeda| first11=E.| last12=Ohki| first12=M.| last13=Takagi| first13=T.| last14=Sakaki| first14=Y.| last15=Taudien| first15=S.| last16=Blechschmidt| first16=K.| last17=Polley| first17=A.| last18=Menzel| first18=U.| last19=Delabar| first19=J.| last20=Kumpf| first20=K.| last21=Lehmann| first21=R.| last22=Patterson| first22=D.| last23=Reichwald| first23=K.| last24=Rump| first24=A.| last25=Schillhabel| first25=M.| last26=Schudy| first26=A.| last27=Zimmermann| first27=W.| last28=Rosenthal| first28=A.| last29=Kudoh| first29=J.| last30=Shibuya| first30=K.|bibcode = 2000Natur.405..311H| display-authors=29| doi-access=free}}</ref> 21번 염색체는 [[22번 염색체]]에 이어 두 번째로 염기 서열이 완전히 분석된 사람 염색체이다.

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[20번 염색체]]
* [[22번 염색체]]

== 각주 ==
{{각주|2}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors=Antonarakis SE, Lyle R, Dermitzakis ET, Reymond A, Deutsch S | title=Chromosome 21 and down syndrome: from genomics to pathophysiology | journal=Nat Rev Genet | year=2004 | pages=725–38 | volume=5 | issue=10  | pmid=15510164 | doi=10.1038/nrg1448| s2cid=5487794 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors=Antonarakis SE, Lyle R, Deutsch S, Reymond A | title=Chromosome 21: a small land of fascinating disorders with unknown pathophysiology | journal=Int J Dev Biol | year=2002 | pages=89–96 | volume=46 | issue=1  | pmid=11902692}}
* {{cite journal | author=Antonarakis SE | title=Chromosome 21: from sequence to applications | journal=Curr Opin Genet Dev | year=2001 | pages=241–6 | volume=11 | issue=3  | pmid=11377958 | doi=10.1016/S0959-437X(00)00185-4}}
* {{cite journal | author=Gilbert F | title=Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 21 | journal=Genet Test | year=1997 | pages=301–6 | volume=1 | issue=4  | pmid=10464663 | doi=10.1089/gte.1997.1.301}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors=Hattori M, Fujiyama A, Taylor TD, Watanabe H, Yada T, Park HS, Toyoda A, Ishii K, Totoki Y, Choi DK, Groner Y, Soeda E, Ohki M, Takagi T, Sakaki Y, Taudien S, Blechschmidt K, Polley A, Menzel U, Delabar J, Kumpf K, Lehmann R, Patterson D, Reichwald K, Rump A, Schillhabel M, Schudy A, Zimmermann W, Rosenthal A, Kudoh J, Schibuya K, Kawasaki K, Asakawa S, Shintani A, Sasaki T, Nagamine K, Mitsuyama S, Antonarakis SE, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Nordsiek G, Hornischer K, Brant P, Scharfe M, Schon O, Desario A, Reichelt J, Kauer G, Blocker H, Ramser J, Beck A, Klages S, Hennig S, Riesselmann L, Dagand E, Haaf T, Wehrmeyer S, Borzym K, Gardiner K, Nizetic D, Francis F, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Yaspo ML | title=The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21 | journal=Nature | year=2000 | pages=311–9 | volume=405 | issue=6784  | pmid=10830953 | doi=10.1038/35012518| bibcode=2000Natur.405..311H | doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors=Sawinska M, Ladon D | title=Mechanism, detection and clinical significance of the reciprocal translocation t(12;21)(p12;q22) in the children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia | journal=Leuk Res | year=2004 | pages=35–42 | volume=28 | issue=1  | pmid=14630078 | doi=10.1016/S0145-2126(03)00160-7}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors= Rovelet-Lecrux A, Hannequin D, Raux G, Le Meur N, Laquerriere A, Vital A, Dumanchin C, Feuillette S, Brice A, Vercelletto M, Dubas F, Frebourg T, Campion D  | title=APP locus duplication causes autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer disease with cerebral amyloid angiopathy | journal=Nature Genetics | year=2005 | pages= 24–6| volume= 38| issue=  1| pmid=16369530 | doi=10.1038/ng1718| s2cid=559054 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Rauch |first=Anita |author2=Thiel |first2=Christian T. |author3=Schindler |first3=Detlev |author4=Wick |first4=Ursula |author5=Crow |first5=Yanick J. |author6=Ekici |first6=Arif B. |author7=van Essen |first7=Anthonie J. |author8=Goecke |first8=Timm O. |author9=Al-Gazali |first9=Lihadh |author10=Chrzanowska |first10=Krystyna H. |author11=Zweier |first11=Christiane |author12=Brunner |first12=Han G. |author13=Becker |first13=Kristin |author14=Curry |first14=Cynthia J. |author15=Dallapiccola |first15=Bruno |author16=Koenraad Devriendt |author17=Arnd Dörfler |author18=Esther Kinning |author19=André Megarbane |author20=Peter Meinecke |author21=Robert K. Semple |author22=Stephanie Spranger |author23=Annick Toutain |author24=Richard C. Trembath |author25=Egbert Voss |author26=Louise Wilson |author27=Raoul Hennekam |author28=Francis de Zegher |author29=Helmut-Günther Dörr |author30=André Reis |title=Mutations in the Pericentrin (PCNT) Gene Cause Primordial Dwarfism |journal=Science Online |year=2008 |pages=816–9 |volume=319 |issue=5864 |doi=10.1126/science.1151174 |pmid=18174396 |bibcode=2008Sci...319..816R |s2cid=23055733 |doi-access=free}}

== 외부 링크 ==
{{Commons category|Human chromosome 21}}
* {{cite web | author= National Institutes of Health | title= Chromosome 21 | work= Genetics Home Reference | url= http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/chromosome=21 | access-date= 2017-05-06 | archive-date= 2011-06-05 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110605075438/http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/chromosome=21 | url-status= dead }}
* {{Cite web|url=http://web.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/posters/chromosome/chromo21.shtml|title=Chromosome 21|website=Human Genome Project Information Archive 1990–2003|access-date=2017-05-06}}

{{염색체}}
{{염색체 유전학}}
{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:염색체 (인간)]]
[[분류:인간 21번 염색체상 유전자|*]]