{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{옛 나라 정보
|나라이름=웨일스
|현지이름=귀네드 왕국
|다른표기={{llang|cy|Teyrnas Gwynedd}}
|존속기간_시작=401년
|존속기간_끝=1216년
| p1                         = 후로만 브리튼
| flag_p1                = Simple Labarum.svg
| border_p1              = no
| s1                         = 웨일스 공국
| flag_s1                = Banner of Llywelyn.svg
| 국기_그림          = Y Ddraig Goch in Flag of Wales.svg
| 국기_이름              = [[:en:Cadwaladr|카드왈라드르]] 대략 {{nowrap|7세기}}, 귀네드 및 [[웨일스]]의 국기
| 국기_경계선         = no
| 국기_크기           = 135px
| 문장_그림          = Arms of Llywelyn.svg
| 문장_이름            = [[애버프로가]]의 리웰린 깃발
| 문장_크기               = 85px
| 국가              = [[:en:Unbennaeth Prydain|브리튼 독재]]<br/>"영국의 군주국"<ref name=wade>[[Arthur Wade-Evans|Wade-Evans, Arthur]]. ''[[s:Page:Welsh Medieval Law.djvu/451|Welsh Medieval Law]]''. Oxford Univ., 1909. Retrieved 1 February 2013.</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|last=Bradley|first= A.G.| url=https://archive.org/stream/owenglyndwrlasts00bradrich#page/24/mode/2up|title= Owen Glyndwr and the Last Struggle for Welsh Independence|publisher= [[G. P. Putnam's Sons]]|location= New York city |orig-date=1901|date= 1 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|last=Jenkins|first= John|website=archive.org|url=https://archive.org/details/thepoetryofwales18523gut|title= Poetry of Wales|publisher=Houlston & Sons|location=London|orig-date= 1873|date= 1 February 2013}}</ref>
| 지도_그림              = Medieval_Wales.JPG
| 지도_설명      = 웨일즈의 중세 왕국.
| 정부형태             = [[군주제]]<ref>{{웹 인용| url=http://ardal-wales.co.uk/english/local-history/the-kingdom-gwynedd/| website=ardal-wales.co.uk| title=THE KINGDOM OF GWYNEDD| 확인날짜=2023-04-16| archive-date=2022-10-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020085934/http://ardal-wales.co.uk/english/local-history/the-kingdom-gwynedd/| url-status=}}</ref>
| 수도                = [[체스터]]?<br/>[[데간위]] (6세기)<ref name="deganwy">{{웹 인용| url=http://www.castlesfortsbattles.co.uk/north_wales/deganwy_castle.html| website=castlesfortsbattles.co.uk| title=Deganwy castle| 확인날짜=2023-04-18| archive-date=2022-05-16| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516105654/http://www.castlesfortsbattles.co.uk/north_wales/deganwy_castle.html| url-status=}}</ref><br/>[[랜패에스]] (9세기){{sfn|Lloyd|1911|p=232}}<br/>[[애버프로]] (9세기 ~ 13세기){{sfn|Davies|1994}}{{sfn|Llwyd|1832|pages=112–113}}<br/> [[루들란]] (11세기){{sfn|Lloyd|1911}}<br/> [[아베르귄그레긴]] (12세기 ~ 13세기)<ref name="woodbury">{{웹 인용| url=https://www.sarahwoodbury.com/better-know-a-castle-aber-garth-celyn/| website=sarahwoodbury.co.uk| title= Aber Castle (Garth Celyn)| date=26 July 2017}}</ref>
| 공용어       = [[웨일스어]], [[라틴어]]<ref name=Bell/>{{efn|[[고대 웨일스어]] (12세기 까지)<br/>[[중세 웨일스어]] (12세기 ~ 14세기)}}{{efn|[[영국 라틴어]] 8세기까지 사용. [[중세 라틴어]] 이후 법적 및 전례 목적으로 사용됨.}}
| 민족 = [[웨일스인]]
| 종교 = [[켈트 기독교]]<ref>{{웹 인용| url=https://orthochristian.com/112514.html| website=orthochristian.com| title=THE CHURCH IN SEVENTH CENTURY CELTIC BRITAIN| author=Archpriest Vladislav Tsypin}}</ref>
|지도자_칭호=[[터워소그]]<br>450년 ~ 460년<br>844년 ~ 878년<br>1282년 ~ 1283년
|지도자_이름=<br>[[쿠네다 압 에데른]](초대)<br>[[로드리 마우르]]<br>[[다버드 압 그리퍼드]](말대)
|입법부 =
|사건제목 = 
|사건 =
|사건날짜 =
|면적어림년도 =
|면적 =
|내수면_비율 =
|인구어림년도 =
|어림인구수 =
|인구조사년도 =
|조사인구수 =
|인구_순위 =
|인구밀도 =
|인구밀도_순위 =
|통화 = [[페니]] 법<ref name=wade/>
|통화기호 =
|보충설명 ={{Note|1}} 라틴어로 Gwynedd는 공식 중세 헌장 및 13세기 법령에서 'Principatus Norwallia'(북웨일스 공국)로 자주 언급되었다.
}}

'''귀네드 왕국'''({{small|[[중세 라틴어]]}}: {{lang|la|Venedotia / Norwallia}}; {{small|[[:en:Middle Welsh|중세 웨일스어]]}}: {{lang|cy|Guynet}}){{Ref|1}}<ref>{{웹 인용|last=Lewis|first= Timothy|url=https://archive.org/stream/glossaryofmediae00lewi#page/182/mode/2up|title= A glossary of mediaeval Welsh law, based upon the Black book of Chirk|publisher=[[Manchester University Press]]|year= 1913}}</ref>은 5세기에 [[:en:sub-Roman Britain|후로마 브리튼]]의 [[앵글로색슨인의 브리타니아 정착]] 과정에 등장한 [[:en:Wales in the Early Middle Ages|웨일스 왕국]]이자 [[로마 제국]]의 [[:en:Succession of states|후계국]]이다.<ref name=Wales_online>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/the-lost-kingdoms-of-wales-13721585| website=walesonline.co.uk| title=The lost kingdoms of Wales| date=5 October 2017}}</ref>

웨일스 북서부에 기반을 둔 귀네드의 통치자들은 내전이나 침략으로 권력을 잃기 전에 반복적으로 지배적인 지위에 올랐고 "브리튼인들의 왕"으로 칭송받았다. 1055년부터 1063년까지 웨일스의 왕이었던 그리퍼드 압 리웰린 왕국은 노르만족의 웨일스 침공 직전인 1063년 색슨족의 침공으로 산산조각이 났다, 그러나 그리퍼드 압 키넌에 의해 복원된 애버프라 가문은 서서히 회복되었고, 귀네드 대제 리웰린은 1216년 애버디피에서 웨일스 공국을 선포할 수 있었다. 1277년 잉글랜드의 에드워드 1세와 러웨일린의 손자인 러웨일린 압 그루퍼드가 맺은 애버콘위 조약은 둘 사이에 평화를 주었지만, 러웨일린의 죽음으로 웨일스의 자치권이 끝나게 될 것을 보장했고, 따라서 에드워드 1세가 웨일스 정복의 첫 단계를 완료했다.

웨일스의 전통에 따르면 귀네드의 건국은 5세기에 데캉글리, 오르도비체, 간가니의 브리튼인 정치의 영토를 침입한 로디언 출신의 브리튼인 정치인 고도딘(옛 웨일스 구오토딘, 브리튼인 형태의 보타디니) 덕분이라고 한다. 그들의 지도자 쿠네다의 아들들은 디 강과 테이피 강 사이의 땅을 소유했다고 전해진다. 왕국의 실제 국경은 시간이 지남에 따라 다양했지만, 귀네드는 일반적으로 스노도니아의 산악 지역에 있는 애버프로우, 세마이스, 칸트레프 로시슨 앵글시, 아를렉웨드, 아르폰, 뒤노딩, 다이프린 클뤼위드, 엘른, 로스, 루포니포그, 테겔을 포함하는 것으로 생각되었다.

== 유산 ==
에드워드의 정복 이후 귀네드는 잉글랜드의 앵글리시, 케너폰셔, 메리오네스셔, 덴비셔, 플린트셔로 분할되었다. 1972년 지방 정부법은 이들을 개혁하여 본토의 앵글리시와 릴린, 아르폰, 두노딩, 메이리오니드를 포함하는 귀네드의 새로운 군(현재의 "보존된 군")을 만들었다. 1994년 지방정부(웨일스)법에 의해 설립된 귀네드의 현대 주요 지역은 더 이상 앵글리시를 포함하지 않는다.

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[:en:List of rulers of Gwynedd|귀네드의 통치자 목록]]
* [[:en:House of Aberffraw|애버프로가]]
* [[웨일스 국왕]]
* [[:en:Family tree of Welsh monarchs|웨일스 군주의 가계도]]
* [[:en:King of the Britons|영국인의 왕]]
* [[:en:List of legendary kings of Britain|영국의 전설적인 왕 목록]]

== 각주 ==
{{각주|refs=
<ref name=Bell>{{harvnb|Bell|1955}}</ref>
}}

=== 내용주 ===
{{각주|group=lower-alpha}}

== 일반 출처 ==
=== 서적 ===
==== 주요 자료 ====
*{{서적 인용|last = Barlow |first = Frank |title = William Rufus |author-link = Frank Barlow (historian) |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2000 |isbn = 0-300-08291-6}}
*{{서적 인용|last = Bartlett |first = Robert |title = England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings: 1075–1225|publisher = Clarendon Press |location = Oxford |year = 2000 |isbn = 0-19-822741-8 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/englandundernorm00bart_0 }}
*{{서적 인용|first=John|last=Davies|title=A History of Wales|publisher= [[Penguin Group]]|year=1994|isbn=0140284753}}
*{{서적 인용|last=Lloyd|first= J. E. |title = A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest |author-link=John Edward Lloyd |publisher= Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. |location=New York |year=2004 |isbn=0-7607-5241-9}}
*{{서적 인용|first=Angharad| last=Llwyd|year=1832|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vHA_AQAAMAAJ |title=A history of the island of Anglesey}}
*{{서적 인용|title=The Heart of Northern Wales|volume=1| first=Walter Bezant| last=Lowe| year=1912}} –  {{google book|title=The Heart of Northern Wales|id=93I_AQAAMAAJ}}
*{{서적 인용|title=Gwynedd (A Guide to Ancient and Historic Wales) |last=Lynch |first=Frances M. B. |year=1995 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-11-701574-6}}
*{{서적 인용|title=The Welsh Kings: Warriors, Warlords, and Princes|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/4502235|website=searchworks.stanford.edu |last=Maund |first=Kari L. |year=2006 |edition=3rd |publisher=Tempus Publishing |isbn=978-0-7524-2973-1}}
*{{서적 인용|title=The Welsh Wars of Independence |last=Moore |first=David |year=2005 |publisher=Tempus Publishing |isbn=978-0-7524-3321-9}}
*{{웹 인용|author-link1=Thomas Parry (author)|last1=Parry|first1= Thomas|year=1955|title=A History of Welsh Literature|first2=H. Idris|last2= Bell|author-link2=Idris Bell| website=archive.org| publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofwelshli0000parr|ref={{harvid|Bell|1955}}}}
*{{서적 인용|last=Walker|first=David|title=Medieval Wales|date=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=[[Cambridge]], England|isbn=9780521311533|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lrKKiREQ_kYC}}
*{{서적 인용|last = Warner |first = Philip |title = Famous Welsh Battles |publisher=Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. |location=New York |year=1997 |isbn=0-7607-0466-X }}
*{{서적 인용|last=Williams|first=W. Llewelyn|title=Giraldus Cambrensis, The Itinerary Through Wales and the Description of Wales|url=https://archive.org/details/itinerarythrough00giraiala|year=1908}}

==== 보조 출처 ====
*{{서적 인용|url=https://archive.org/details/ageofowaingwyned00barbuoft| website=archive.org| title=The age of Owain Gwynedd.|year=1908| location=[[Newport, Wales|Newport]], Wales| first=Paul| last= Barbier}}
*{{서적 인용| url=https://archive.org/details/statuteswales01bowegoog| website=archive.org| title=Statutes of Wales | first=Ivor|last= Bown| author-link=Ivor Bowen| publisher=[[T. Fisher Unwin]]| location= Adelphi Terrace, London| year=1908}}
*{{서적 인용|last =Davies|first = John |title = The Celts |author-link = John Davies (historian) |publisher=Cassell Illustrated |location=New York |year=2002|isbn = 1-84188-188-0 }}
*{{서적 인용|title=Conquest, Coexistence, and Change: Wales 1063–1415 |last=Davies |first=Rees R. |author-link=Rees Davies |year=1987 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-821732-9}}
*{{서적 인용|last = Evans |first = Gwynfor |trans-title=Welsh are still here|title = Cymru O Hud |author-link = Gwynfor Evans |publisher= Y Lolfa |location=Abergwyngregyn |year=2004 |isbn=0-86243-545-5 }}
*{{서적 인용|first=Simon|last= Evans|title=A Mediaeval Prince of Wales: the Life of Gruffudd Ap Cynan|publisher=Llanerch Enterprises|year=1990|isbn=0-947992-58-8}}
*{{서적 인용|url=https://archive.org/details/b29339364 |title=The works of Gildas and Nennius |year=1841 |first=John Allen |last=Giles |author-link=John Allen Giles |location=London |publisher=James Bohn}}
*{{서적 인용|last=Hudson |first=Benjamin T.|author-link=Benjamin Hudson|title=Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic|edition=Illustrated|year=2005|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=United States|isbn=0195162374|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fH0mL0m95fsC}}
*{{서적 인용|website=archive.org| url=https://archive.org/details/statuteswales01bowegoog|title=The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales: collected out of ancient manuscripts| publisher=Thomas Gee| location=[[Denbigh]]| year=1801|author-link=John Gwenogvryn Evans|first1=Owen|last1=Jones| first2=Edward| last2=Williams| first3=William Owen| last3=Pughe|quote=[[The Myvyrian Archaiology]]}}
*{{서적 인용|last = Koch |first =  John |title = Celtic Culture: a historical encyclopedia |location=Santa Barbara |publisher=[[ABC-Clio]] |year=2005}}
*{{서적 인용|title=A History of Wales, from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest |volume=II |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |author-link=John Edward Lloyd |year=1911|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofwalesfr01lloyuoft| website=archive.org |publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|isbn=978-1-334-06136-3|edition=Reprint Vol. 2 of 2}}
*{{서적 인용|last=Llwyd|first=Humphrey|author-link=Humphrey Llwyd|title=Cronica Walliae|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2FnAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=[[University of Wales Press]]|isbn=978-0-7083-1638-2}}
*{{서적 인용|first= K. L.|last= Maund|title=Gruffudd ap Cynan: a collaborative biography|website=searchworks.stanford.edu|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/3443258  |publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer]]|year=1996|isbn=0-85115-389-5}}
*{{서적 인용|last = Morris |first =  John E. |title = The Welsh Wars of Edward I |publisher=Combined Books |location=Conshohocken, PA. |year=1996 |isbn=0-938289-67-5 }}
*{{서적 인용| title=The Brothers of Gwynedd| first=Edith| last=Pargeter| year=1989| author-link = Edith Pargeter| isbn=9780747232674| publisher=[[Headline Publishing Group]]}}
*{{서적 인용| title=The Welsh Trilogy |first=Sharon Kay| last=Penman| author-link = Sharon Kay Penman| url=https://sharonkaypenman.com/books-by-sharon-kay-penman/welsh-trilogy-books/| website=sharonkaypenman.com| publisher=[[Ballantine Books]]}}
*{{서적 인용| url=https://www.library.wales/discover/digital-gallery/pictures/a-tour-in-wales/| website=library.wales| first=Thomas| last=Pennant| title=A Tour of Wales| volume=1–8}}
*{{서적 인용|title=The Acts of Welsh Rulers 1120–1283 |last1=Pryce |first1=Huw |last2=Insley |first2=Charles|year=2005 |publisher=University of Wales Press |isbn=0708318975  |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YnNnAAAAMAAJ}}
*{{서적 인용|last=Smith |first=Beverley J. |title = Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales |year=2001 |publisher=University of Wales Press |isbn=978-0-7083-1474-6}}
*{{서적 인용|title=The Governance of Gwynedd|url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL22379507M/The_governance_of_Gwynedd|last=Stephenson |first=David |year=1984 |publisher=[[University of Wales Press]] |isbn=978-0-7083-0850-9|ol=22379507M}}
*{{서적 인용| chapter=Conflict or Coexistence: Marchia Wallie and Pura Wallia| chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781315840802-3/conflict-coexistence-marchia-wallie-pura-wallia-roger-turveywebsite| author=Roger Turvey| title=The Welsh Princes|year=2002| pages=39–64| isbn=9781315840802| publisher=[[Routledge]]| doi=10.4324/9781315840802-3}}
*{{서적 인용|quote=[[Caradoc of Llancarfan]] |last=Williams |first=John |editor-link=John Williams (Ab Ithel) |title=Brut y Tywysogion; or, The Chronicle of the Princes |edition=Reprint|year=1860 |location=London |publisher=Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts |url=https://archive.org/details/brutytywysogiono00cara/page/n9/mode/2up }}

=== 웨일스 전기 자료 사전 ===
{{참고 자료 시작}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-CUNE-WLE-0380 | title= Cunedda Wledig, flourished 450, British prince| first=John Edward | author-link=John Edward Lloyd|last=Lloyd | year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Lloyd1|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-MAEL-GWY-0547 | title=Maelgwn Gwynedd,(died c. 547) king of Gwynedd and monk | first=William Hopkin | last=Davies | year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Davies1|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=/s-RHUN-APM-0550 |title=Rhun Ap Maelgwn Gwynedd, (fl. 550), ruler of north-west Wales |first=William Hopkin |last=Davies| year=1959|ref={{harvid|Davies2|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-CADF-API-0569 | title=Cadfan (fl. 620), prince | first=John Edward | last=Lloyd |author-link=John Edward Lloyd| year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Lloyd2|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-CADW-APC-0591 |title=Cadwallon (died 633), prince|first=John Edward |author-link=John Edward Lloyd|last=Lloyd |year=1959|ref={{harvid|Lloyd3|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-CADW-APC-0615? |title=Cadwaladr (died 664), prince |first=John Edward |author-link=John Edward Lloyd|last=Lloyd |year=1959|ref={{harvid|Lloyd4|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-MERF-FRY-0844 |title=Merfyn Frych (died 844), king of Gwynedd |first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce |year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce1|1959}} }}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-RHOD-MAW-0877 | title=Rhodri Mawr ('the Great') (died 877), king of Gwynedd, Powys, and Deheubarth| first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce| year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce2|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-ANAR-APR-0857 |title=Anarawd ap Rhodri  (died 916), prince |first=John Edward | last=Lloyd |year= 1959}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-IDWA-FOE-0942 | title=Idwal Foel ('the Bald '; died 942), king of Gwynedd |first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce | year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce3|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-IAGO-API-0942 | title=Iago Ab Idwal Foel (fl. 942–979), king of Gwynedd| first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce | year= 1959}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-HYWE-DDA-0950 |title=Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good) (died 950), king and legislator  |first=Stephan Joseph| last=Williams |year= 1959}}
*{{cite DWB| id=HYWE-API-0985 | title=Hywel ap Ieuaf (died 985), king of Gwynedd |first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce | year= 1959}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-IEUA-API-098 | title=Ieuaf (or Idwal) ab Idwal Foel (died 985), joint king of Gwynedd |first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce| year= 1959}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-MEUR-ABI-0986 | title= Meurif Ab Idwal Foel (died 986), nobleman of Gwynedd| first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce | year= 1959}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-IDWA-APM-0996 | title=Idwal Ap Meurig(died 996), prince of Gwynedd | first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce | year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce4|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-LLYW-APS-1023 |title=Llywelyn Ap Seisyll (died 1023), king of Deheubarth and Gwynedd |first=Thomas Jones |last=Pierce| year=1959}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-IAGO-ABI-1039 |title=Iago ab Idwal Foel (died 1039), king of Gwynedd |first=Thomas Jones |last=Pierce| year=1959}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-GRUF-APC-1055 | title=Gruffudd ap Cynan (c. 1055 – 1137), king of Gwynedd | first=Thomas | last=Parry | year= 1959}}
*{{cite DWB |id=s12-GRUF-APL-1063 |title=Gruffudd ap Llywelyn (died 1064), king of Gwynedd 1039–1064 and overlord of all the Welsh 1055–1064 |first=Benjamin |last=Hudson |year=1959}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-TRAH-APC-1081 | title=Trahaern Ap Caradog (died 1081), king of Gwynedd |first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce| year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce7|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id= s-IORW-DRW-1174| title=Iorwerth Drwyndwn (The Flat-nosed) (died probably c. 1174), prince of Gwynedd| first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce| year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce10|year=1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-OWAI-GWY-1100 | title=Owain Gwynedd (c. 1100 – 1170), king of Gwynedd| first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce |year= 1959 |ref={{harvid|Pierce5|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-HYWE-ABO-1170 | title=Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd (died 1170), soldier and poet |first=Arthur James | last=Roderick |year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Roderick|year=1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-CADW-APG-1096 | title=Cadwaladr(died 1172), prince |first=John Edward |author-link=John Edward Lloyd|last=Lloyd |year=1959}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-MAEL-ABO-1173 | title=Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd (died after 1173), prince of Anglesey| first=Thomas Jones| last=Pierce| year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce6|year=1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-CYNA-ABO-1174 | title=Cynan ab Owain (died 1174), prince| first= John Edward|last= Lloyd| year=1959|ref={{harvid|Lloyd6|year=1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-RHOD-ABO-1195 | title= Rhodri ab Owain (died 1195), a prince of Gwynedd| first=Thomas Jones | last=Pierce | year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce8|year=1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-DAFY-ABO-1203 | title=Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (David I, died 1203), king of Gwynedd | first=John Edward |author-link=John Edward Lloyd| last=Lloyd | year= 1959|ref={{harvid|Lloyd5|year=1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-LLYW-API-1173 |title=Llywelyn ap Iorwerth ('Llywelyn the Great', often styled 'Llywelyn I', prince of Gwynedd) |first=Thomas Jones |last=Pierce| year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce9|year=1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s12-GRUF-APL-1063 | title=Gruffudd ap Llywelyn (died 1064), king of Gwynedd 1039–1064 and overlord of all the Welsh 1055–1064| first=Thomas Jones| last= Pierce| year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce11|1959}} }}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-GRUF-APL-1244| title=Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (died 1244), prince|first=Thomas Jones| last=Pierce|year=1959}}
*{{cite DWB|id=s-MARE-APC-1212|title=Maredudd ap Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd (died 1212), lord of Eifionydd, part of Ardudwy, and Merioneth and co-founder of the Cistercian house of Cymmer|author=Thomas Jones Pierce|year=1959}}
*{{cite DWB|id=s-LLYW-FAW-1200| title=Llywelyn Fawr and Llywelyn Fychan (fl. early 13th century). lords of Merioneth|first=Thomas Jones| last=Pierce|year=1959}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-DAFY-APL-1246 |title=Dafydd ap Llywelyn (David II, died 1246), Prince |first=John Edward |author-link=John Edward Lloyd|last=Lloyd |year=1959|ref={{harvid|Lloyd7|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB|id=s-OWAI-APG-1260| title=Owain ap Gruffydd, or Owain Goch, (fl. 1260), a prince of Gwynedd|first=Thomas Jones| last=Pierce|year=1959 |ref={{harvid|Pierce13|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-LLYW-APG-1200 |title=Llywelyn ap Gruffydd ('Llywelyn the Last,' or Llywelyn II), Prince of Wales (died 1282) |first=Thomas Jones |last=Pierce |year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce12|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-DAFY-APG-1283 |title=Dafydd ap Gruffydd (David III, died 1283), prince of Gwynedd |first= Thomas Jones|last=Pierce |year=1959| ref={{harvid|Pierce14|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-RHOD-APG-1315| title=Rhodri ap Gruffydd (died c. 1315), prince of Gwynedd|first=Thomas Jones| last=Pierce|year=1959}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-MADO-APL-1294 |title=Madog ap Llywelyn, rebel of 1294 |first=Thomas Jones |last=Pierce| year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce15|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB|id=s-OWAI-APT-1378| title=Owain ap Thomas ap Rhodri (' Owain Lawgoch '; died 1378), a soldier of fortune and pretender to the principality of Wales|first=Thomas Jones| last=Pierce|year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce16|1959}}}}
*{{cite DWB| id=s-OWAI-GLY-1354 |title=Owain Glyndŵr (c. 1354 – 1416), 'Prince of Wales' |first=Thomas Jones |last=Pierce | year=1959|ref={{harvid|Pierce17|1959}}}}

=== 위키 출처 – 국가 전기 문학 및 백과사전 ===
{{위키문헌|Six Old English Chronicles}}
{{위키문헌|The Mabinogion}}
{{위키문헌|The Laws of Howel the Good}}
{{위키문헌|The Annals of Wales}}
{{위키문헌|A Short History of Wales}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Kingsford |first=Charles Lethbridge |wstitle=Nennius |volume=40 |pages=217-221}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Rhys ap Gruffydd|volume=48| page=89 |ref={{harvid|Lloyd|1896b}} }}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Gruffydd ab Llewelyn (d.1063) |volume=23 |page=305-307 |ref={{harvid|Tout|1890a}} }}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Gruffydd ab Cynan |volume=23 |pages=301-304 |ref={{harvid|Leslie|1890}}}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Gruffydd ab Llywelyn (d.1244) |volume=23 |pages=307-308 |ref={{harvid|Lee7|1890}}}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Glendower, Owen |volume=21|pages=427-434}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Howel Vychan |volume=28 |page=105}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Howel Dda |volume=28 |pages=105-107 |ref={{harvid|Lee2|1891}}}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Idwal Voel |volume=28 |page=412 |ref={{harvid|Lee3|1891}}}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Thomas |first=Daniel Lleufer |wstitle=Iago ab Idwal Voel |volume=28 |pages=407-408}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Howel ab Ieuav |volume=28 |page=107}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Thomas |first=Daniel Lleufer |wstitle=Idwal ab Meirig |volume=28 |page=412}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Thomas |first=Daniel Lleufer |wstitle=Iago ab Idwal ab Meirig |volume=28 |page=408 |ref={{harvid|Lee4|1891}}}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Maelgwn Gwynedd |volume=35 |pages=305-306 |ref={{harvid|Lloyd|1893a}} }}
*{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Maredudd ab Owain |volume=36 |page=130}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Llywelyn ab Gruffydd |volume=34 |pages=13-21}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Merfyn Frych |volume=37 |page=277 |ref={{harvid|Lee0|1894}}}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Miller |first=Arthur |wstitle=Anarawd |volume=1 |page=370}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Stephens |first=William Richard Wood |wstitle=Cædwalla (d.634) |volume=8 |page=201 |ref={{harvid|Leslie0|1886}}}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Cadvan (d.617? or 634?) |volume=8 |page=190 |ref={{harvid|Tout|1901}}}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Cadwaladr (d.1172) |volume=8 |pages=190-191}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Davydd I |volume=14 |pages=199-200 |ref={{harvid|Leslie1|year=1888}}}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Davydd III |volume=14 |pages=202-205 |ref={{harvid|Leslie2|1888}}}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Llywelyn ab Iorwerth |volume=34 |pages=7-13 |ref={{harvid|Lee6|year=1893}}}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Llywelyn ab Seisyll |volume=34 |pages=6-7}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Tout |first=Thomas Frederick |wstitle=Owain Gwynedd |volume=41 |pages=391-395 |ref={{harvid|Lee5|1895}}}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Rhun ap Maelgwn |volume=48 |page=86}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Rhodri Mawr |volume=48 |page=85 |ref={{harvid|Lee1|1896}}}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Rhodri ab Owain |volume=48 |pages=85-86}}
*{{cite DNB |last=Lloyd |first=John Edward |wstitle=Trahaearn ap Caradog |volume=57 |page=147}}
*{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=David (Welsh princes) |volume=7 |page=860 |ref={{harvid|Chisholm0|1911}}}}
*{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Llewelyn |volume=16 |page=831 |ref={{harvid|Chisholm1|year=1911}}}}
{{참고 자료 끝}}

== 외부 링크 ==
*{{웹 인용| url=http://ardal-wales.co.uk/english/local-history/the-kingdom-gwynedd/| website=ardal-wales.co.uk| title=The Kingdom of Gwynedd| 확인날짜=2023-04-16| archive-date=2022-10-20| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020085934/http://ardal-wales.co.uk/english/local-history/the-kingdom-gwynedd/| url-status=}}
*{{웹 인용| url=https://www.welshicons.org/wici/html/kingdom_of_gwynedd.php| website=welshicons.org| title=Kingdom of Gwynedd}}
*{{웹 인용| url=https://www.library.wales/discover/digital-gallery/manuscripts/the-middle-ages| website=library.wales| title=The Middle Ages}}
*{{웹 인용| url=https://www.library.wales/collections/learn-more/manuscripts/the-peniarth-manuscripts| website=library.wales| title=The Peniarth Manuscripts}}
*{{웹 인용| url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/brut-y-tywysogion/826C6C8FCE5254AD7054D6E65388164A| website=cambridge.org| title=Brut Y Tywysogion}}
*{{웹 인용| url=https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/files/18962391/2017_Early_Medieval_Wales.pdf| website=research.bangor.ac.uk| title=Early Medieval Wales: material evidence and identity| author=Nancy Edwards}}

{{귀네드 국왕}}
{{웨일스 소왕국}}
{{웨일스 신화}}

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[[분류:유럽의 옛 군주국]]