{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
'''무기 금수 조치'''(Arms embargo)란 무기 혹은 [[이중 용도 기술]]에 적용되는 제한 또는 일련의 제재 조치를 뜻한다. 무기 금수 조치는 아래의 한 가지 이상 목적을 달성하기 위해 활용한다.

* 특정 세력의 행동에 대한 반대 의사 표시
* 진행 중인 분쟁에서 중립 의사 표시
* 무력 분쟁을 해결하기 위한 [[평화 과정]]의 한 부분인 평화 체계 구축<ref name="UNSMIL_July19_peaceplan">{{웹 인용| title =Remarks of SRSG Ghassan Salamé to the United Nations Security Council on the situation in Libya 29 July 2019 | website= [[United Nations Support Mission in Libya|UNSMIL]] |date =2019-07-29 | url = https://unsmil.unmissions.org/remarks-srsg-ghassan-salam%C3%A9-united-nations-security-council-situation-libya-29-july-2019 | access-date = 2019-09-09 |archive-url= http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20190909232646/http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https://unsmil.unmissions.org/remarks-srsg-ghassan-salam%25C3%25A9-united-nations-security-council-situation-libya-29-july-2019 |archive-date= 2019-09-09 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* 특정 세력이 타인에게 가하는 폭력 능력을 제한
* 외국의 개입 전에 한 국가의 군사 능력 약화

== 역사적 예시 ==
=== 아르헨티나 ===
미국의 대통령 [[지미 카터]]는 1997년 아르헨티나의 [[인권]] 침해에 대응해 [[국가재편성과정|아르헨티나 군부정권]]에 금수 조치를 가했다.<ref name=carter>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-21-mn-274-story.html |title=WORLD : U.S. Ends Argentine Arms Embargo - Los Angeles Times |newspaper=Los Angelete Times|date=21 February 1989  |author=<!--not stated-->}}</ref>

1982년 아르헨티나가 남[[대서양]]의 영국령 제도 두 곳인 [[1982년 포클랜드 제도 침공|포클랜드 제도를 침공]]하자 일주일 만에 [[유럽 경제 공동체]](EEC)가 여러 경제 제재와 함께 무기 금수 조치를 시행했다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/11/world/europeans-ending-argentine-imports-in-falkland-crisis.html |title=EUROPEANS ENDING ARGENTINE IMPORTS IN FALKLAND CRISIS |newspaper=The New York Times |date=11 April 1982  |author=R.W. Apple Jr.}}</ref> 유럽 국가는 [[포클랜드 전쟁]]이 끝나자 금수 조치를 해제했으며, 아르헨티나는 1989년 미국의 금수 조치가 해제될 때까지 서유럽과 이스라엘에 무기 공급을 요청했다.<ref name=carter/>

=== 중화인민공화국 ===
미국과 [[유럽연합]]은 1989년 [[1989년 천안문 사건|천안문 사태의 폭력 진압]] 이후 무기 금수 조치를 시행했다. 2004년과 2005년에는 유럽 내에서 중국 무기 금수 조치 해제에 관한 논쟁이 있었다.<ref>http://www.sldinfo.com/the-eu-arms-embargo-repeal-debate/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607212559/http://www.sldinfo.com/the-eu-arms-embargo-repeal-debate/ |date=2015-06-07}} The EU Arms Embargo Repeal Debate</ref>
<ref>https://www.academia.edu/5475879/The_EU_Arms_Embargo_on_China_a_Swedish_Perspective_2010_/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928124416/http://www.academia.edu/5475879/The_EU_Arms_Embargo_on_China_a_Swedish_Perspective_2010_ |date=2018-09-28}} Hellström, Jerker (2010) "The EU Arms Embargo on China: a Swedish Perspective", Swedish Defence Research Agency</ref>

== 시행된 무기 금수 조치 목록 ==
아래 목록에 포함된 국가로는 유엔 또는 기타 국제기구([[유럽연합]], [[유럽 안보 협력 기구]](OSCE) 등), 기타 국가가 취하고 있는 무기 금수 조치이다. 경우에 따라 무기 금수 조치를 일반적인 무역 금수 조치, 기타 [[경제 제재]]나 특정인에 대한 [[페르소나 논 그라타|여행 금지 조치]]로 보완한다. 무기 금수 조치는 보통 해당 국가에 거주하거나 설립된 모든 단체 혹은 개인에 적용되지만 인정된 정부군이나 평화유지군에 대해서는 금수 조치를 제외하는 부분 무기 금수 조치도 있다.

=== 유엔의 금수 조치 ===
* [[중앙아프리카 공화국]] (UN, EU 발효<ref>[https://www.un.org/sc/committees/2127/ Security Council arms embargo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704151700/http://www.un.org/sc/committees/2127/ |date=July 4, 2014 }}</ref>), 2013년~현재
* [[콩고 민주 공화국]] ([[유엔 안전 보장 이사회 결의 제1807호|UN]], EU가 [[비국가 폭력조직]]에 발효<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/dem-repub-congo/index.html DR Congo arms embargo] [[Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform]]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118012729/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/dem-repub-congo/index.html|date=January 18, 2010}}</ref>), 2003년/1993년~현재
* [[아이티]] (UN 발효<ref name=":0">{{웹 인용|title=Arms embargoes {{!}} SIPRI |url=https://www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=www.sipri.org}}</ref>), 2022년~현재
* [[이라크]] ([[유엔 안전 보장 이사회 결의 제1483호|UN]] 및 EU가 비정부군에 발효<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/iraq/index.html Iraq embargo] [[Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform]]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609173225/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/iraq/index.html|date=June 9, 2009}}</ref>), 2004년~현재
* [[리비아]] ([[유엔 안전 보장 이사회 결의 제1973호|UN]], EU 발효<ref>{{뉴스 인용|url = http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/03/security-council-libya-arms-embargo-place-150328111924635.html|title = UN Security Council keeps Libya arms embargo in place|date = March 28, 2015|work = [[Al Jazeera English]]|access-date = August 5, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150709115216/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/03/security-council-libya-arms-embargo-place-150328111924635.html|archive-date = July 9, 2015|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="UNSMIL_July19_peaceplan" />), 2011년~현재
* [[북한]] ([[유엔 안전 보장 이사회 결의 제1874호|UN]], EU가 무기 및 [[사치품]]에 발효<ref>{{웹 인용|url = https://www.gov.uk/guidance/arms-embargo-on-democratic-peoples-republic-of-korea-north-korea |title = Embargoes and sanctions on Democratic People's Republic of Korea |date = 4 June 2013 |website = GOV.UK |access-date = 25 March 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190325162018/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/arms-embargo-on-democratic-peoples-republic-of-korea-north-korea |archive-date = 25 March 2019 |url-status = live }}</ref>), 2006년~현재
* [[레바논]] ([[유엔 안전 보장 이사회 결의 제1701호|UN]], EU가 비정부군에 발효<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/Lebanon/index.html Lebanon embargo] [[Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform]]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214082425/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/Lebanon/index.html|date=February 14, 2010}}</ref>), 2006년~현재
* [[남수단]] (UN 발효), 2018년~현재
* [[수단]] ([[유엔 안전 보장 이사회 결의 제1591호|UN]], EU 발효<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/sudan/index.html Sudan embargo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118095802/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/sudan/index.html |date=January 18, 2010 }}</ref>), 2004년/1994년~현재
* [[예멘]] (UN, EU 발효<ref name=":0" />), 2015년~현재

==== 과거의 금수 조치 ====
* [[에리트레아]] ([[유엔 안전 보장 이사회 결의 제1907호|UN]], EU 발효<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/cfsp/sanctions/docs/measures_en.pdf EU Sanctions measures] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331172836/http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/cfsp/sanctions/docs/measures_en.pdf |date=March 31, 2010 }}</ref>), 2010년~2018년
* [[기니]] (EU 발훂<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/guinea/index.html EU Guinea embargo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118095142/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/guinea/index.html |date=January 18, 2010 }}</ref>), 2009년~2014년<ref name=":0" />
* [[이란]] ([[유엔 안전 보장 이사회 결의 제1747호|UN]], EU 발효<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/iran/index.html Iran embargo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125132713/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/iran/index.html |date=November 25, 2009 }}</ref>), 2006년~2020년<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-says-un-arms-embargo-lifted-allowing-it-to-buy-weapons/a-55313874|title=Iran says UN arms embargo lifted, allowing it to buy weapons|access-date=18 October 2020|website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref>
* [[코트디부아르]] ([[유엔 안전 보장 이사회 결의 제1572호|UN]], EU 발효<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/Ivory-Coast/index.html Ivory Coast embargo] [[Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform]]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508075209/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/Ivory-Coast/index.html|date=May 8, 2009}}</ref>), 2004년~2016년<ref>{{웹 인용|title=S/RES/2283(2016) - E - S/RES/2283(2016) -Desktop|url=https://undocs.org/S/RES/2283(2016)|access-date=2022-01-07|website=undocs.org}}</ref>
* [[르완다]] ([[유엔 안전 보장 이사회 결의 제918호|UN]], EU 발효<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/rwanda/index.html Rwanda embargo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218050713/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/rwanda/index.html |date=February 18, 2010 }}</ref>), 1994년~2008년
* [[시에라리온]] (UN, EU 발효<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/sierraleone/index.html|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100304144721/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/sierraleone/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2010|title=Export Controls: Sanctions and Embargoes: Sierra Leone|first=Edwina|last=Wontner|date=3 March 2010|website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk|access-date=11 April 2018}}</ref>), 1997년~2010년<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2010/09/29/lifts-arms-embargo-sierra-leone/|title=UN lifts arms embargo on Sierra Leone|date=29 September 2010|website=foxnews.com|access-date=11 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924180610/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2010/09/29/lifts-arms-embargo-sierra-leone/|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[소말리아]] ([[유엔 안전 보장 이사회 결의 제1744호|UN]], EU 발효<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/somalia/index.html Somalia embargo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118100058/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/somalia/index.html|date=January 18, 2010}}</ref>), 1992년/2002년~2023년<ref>{{웹 인용|title=Security Council Lifts Arms Embargo on Federal Government of Somalia, Unanimously Adopting Resolution 2714 (2023) {{!}} UN Press |url=https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15511.doc.htm |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=press.un.org}}</ref>
* [[유고슬라비아]] ([[유엔 안전 보장 이사회 결의 제713호|UN]], EU 발효<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes/eu_arms_embargoes/bosnia|title=EU arms embargo on the former SFR of Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina) {{!}} SIPRI|website=www.sipri.org|date=12 November 2012 |language=en|access-date=2018-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831174935/https://www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes/eu_arms_embargoes/bosnia|archive-date=2018-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes/eu_arms_embargoes/bosnia|title=EU arms embargo on the former SFR of Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina) - SIPRI|website=www.sipri.org|date=12 November 2012 |access-date=2018-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831174935/https://www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes/eu_arms_embargoes/bosnia|archive-date=2018-08-31|url-status=live}}</ref>), 1991년 9월

=== 기타 국가의 금수 조치 ===
* [[아르헨티나]] ([[영국]] 발효<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/uk-shoots-down-argentine-fa-50-deal/140925.article|title=UK shoots down Argentine FA-50 deal}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/export-licensing-policy-for-argentina|title = Export licensing policy for Argentina}}</ref>), 1982년~현재
* [[아르메니아]] (OSCE 발효<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/armenia/index.html OSCE Nagorno Karabakh arms embargo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604042651/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/armenia/index.html |date=June 4, 2009 }}</ref>), 1992년~현재
* [[아제르바이잔]] (OSCE 발효<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/armenia/index.html OSCE Nagorno Karabakh arms embargo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604042651/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/armenia/index.html |date=June 4, 2009 }}</ref>), 1992년~현재
* [[벨라루스]] (EU 발효<ref name=":0" />), 2011년~현재
* [[쿠바]] ([[미국]] 발효<ref>[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuban-rebels/4-3-58-embargo.htm US Cuba arms embargo]</ref>), 1958년~현재
* [[이집트]] (EU 발효<ref name=":0" />), 2013년~현재
* [[미얀마]] (EU 발효<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/burma/index.html EU Myanmar arms embargo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118100103/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/burma/index.html |date=January 18, 2010 }}</ref>), 1990년~현재
* [[중화인민공화국]] (EU, 미국 발효<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/china/index.html EU China arms embargo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118101217/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/china/index.html |date=January 18, 2010 }}</ref><ref>[http://useu.usmission.gov/Dossiers/Chinese_Arms_Embargo/default.asp US China arms embargo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023155440/http://useu.usmission.gov/Dossiers/Chinese_Arms_Embargo/default.asp |date=October 23, 2008 }}</ref>), 1989년~현재
* [[베네수엘라]] (EU 발효<ref name=":0" />), 2017년~현재
* [[시리아]] ([[아랍 연맹]] 발효<ref name=":0" />), 2011년~현재
* [[짐바브웨]] (EU 발효<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/zimbabwe/index.html EU Zimbabwe embargo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604170131/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/zimbabwe/index.html |date=June 4, 2009 }}</ref>), 2002년~현재

==== 과거의 금수 조치 ====
* 시리아 (EU 발효<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/09/syria-european-union-arms-embargo|title=EU imposes arms embargo on Syria|first=Associated Press in|last=Brussels|date=9 May 2011|website=the Guardian|access-date=11 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314101819/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/09/syria-european-union-arms-embargo|archive-date=14 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>), 2011년~2013년<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/28/uk-forced-eu-embargo-syria-rebel-arms|title=UK forces EU to lift embargo on Syria rebel arms|first=Ian|last=Traynor|date=28 May 2013|website=the Guardian|access-date=11 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005823/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/28/uk-forced-eu-embargo-syria-rebel-arms|archive-date=24 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[튀르키예]] (미국 발효<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://sam.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/MuratKaragoz1.pdf|title=US Arms Embargo against Turkey – after 30 Years, An Institutional Approach towards US Policy Making|website=sam.gov.tr|access-date=11 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124135636/http://sam.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/MuratKaragoz1.pdf|archive-date=24 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>), 1975년~1978년
* [[우즈베키스탄]] (EU 발효<ref>[http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/uzbekistan/index.html EU Uzbekistan embargo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213192308/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/uzbekistan/index.html |date=December 13, 2009 }}</ref>), 2005년~2009년<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes/eu_arms_embargoes/uzbekistan |title=EU arms embargo on Uzbekistan — www.sipri.org |access-date=2015-11-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507054520/http://www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes/eu_arms_embargoes/uzbekistan |archive-date=2016-05-07 }}</ref>
* [[베트남]] (미국 발효), 1984년~1995년

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[암스 컨트롤]]
* [[무기수출통제법]]
* [[군수산업]]

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* [https://www.academia.edu/5475879/The_EU_Arms_Embargo_on_China_a_Swedish_Perspective_2010_ Hellström, Jerker (2010) "The EU Arms Embargo on China: a Swedish Perspective", Swedish Defence Research Agency]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190319191520/https://www.bis.doc.gov/ US Bureau of Industry and Security]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100228062658/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/europeandtrade/strategic-export-control/sanctions-embargoes/by-country/index.html UK Current Arms Embargoes and Other Restrictions]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100403000924/http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/cfsp/sanctions/index_en.htm European Commission CFSP Sanctions]
* [https://www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes SIPRI database of multilateral arms embargoes since 1950]

[[분류:군축]]
[[분류:엠바고]]