{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 476994711
| Reference =<ref name="GETIS">{{GESTIS|Name=Potassium nitrate|ZVG=3630|CAS=7757-79-1|Date=2007-03-09}}</ref>
| Name = 질산 칼륨
| ImageFile = Potassium nitrate.jpg
| ImageName = Potassium nitrate
| ImageFileL1 = potassium nitrate structure.svg
| ImageFileR1 = Potassium nitrate ball-and-stick.png
| IUPACName = Potassium nitrate
| OtherNames = Saltpeter<br />Saltpetre<br />Nitrate of potash<ref>{{서적 인용|last1=Gustafson|first1=A. F.|title=Handbook of Fertilizers - Their Sources, Make-Up, Effects, And Use|date=1949|page=25|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_V9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT25|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217085145/https://books.google.com/books?id=-_V9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT25|archivedate=2017-02-17|isbn=9781473384521}}</ref>
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = RU45X2JN0Z
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D02051
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 1644029
| InChI = 1/K.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1
| InChIKey = FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYAM
| SMILES = [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/K.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 7757-79-1
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 24434
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 22843
| UNNumber = 1486
| RTECS = TT3700000
| EINECS = 231-818-8
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = KNO<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 101.1032 g/mol
| Appearance = 백색 고체
| Odor = 무취
| Solubility = 133 g/L (0 °C)<br /> 316 g/L (20 °C)<br /> 383 g/L (25 °C)<br /> 2439 g/L (100 °C)<ref name=b1>{{서적 인용|pages=5–6 |chapter=2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1yJNr92-YcC&pg=PA5 |title=Pyrotechnic Chemistry |author1=B. J. Kosanke |author2=B. Sturman |author3=K. Kosanke |author4=I. von Maltitz |author5=T. Shimizu |author6=M. A. Wilson |author7=N. Kubota |author8=C. Jennings-White |author9=D. Chapman |publisher=Journal of Pyrotechnics |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-889526-15-7 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505033849/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1yJNr92-YcC&pg=PA5 |archivedate=2016-05-05 }}</ref>
| SolubleOther = slightly soluble in [[에탄올]]<br /> soluble in [[글리세롤]], [[암모니아]]
| Density = 2.109 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (16&nbsp;°C)
| MeltingPtC = 334
| BoilingPtC = 400
| BoilingPt_notes = (decomposes)
| pKb = 15.3<ref>Kolthoff, Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, New York, Interscience Encyclopedia, Inc., 1959.</ref>
| RefractIndex = 1.335, 1.5056, 1.5604
| MagSus = &minus;33.7·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Coordination =
| CrystalStruct = [[사방정계]], [[:en:Aragonite]]
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = -494.00 kJ/mol
| HeatCapacity = 95.06 J/mol K
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0184.htm ICSC 0184]
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS03}} {{GHS exclamation mark}}
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|272|315|319|335}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|102|210|220|221|280}}
| MainHazards = Oxidant, harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed on skin. Causes irritation to skin and eye area.
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-S = OX
| FlashPt = non-flammable (oxidizer)
| LD50 = 1901 mg/kg (oral, rabbit)<br/>3750 mg/kg (oral, rat)<ref>[http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/7757-79-1 chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812203740/http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/7757-79-1 |date=2014-08-12 }}</ref>
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[:en:Potassium nitrite]]
| OtherCations = [[:en:Lithium nitrate]]<br />[[질산 나트륨]]<br />[[:en:Rubidium nitrate]]<br />[[:en:Caesium nitrate]]
| OtherCompounds = [[:en:Potassium sulfate]]<br />[[염화 칼륨]]
}}
}}

'''질산 칼륨'''(Potassium nitrate)은 화학식이 KNO<sub>3</sub>인 [[무기 화합물]]로, [[칼륨]]이온 K<sup>+</sup>과 [[질산염]]이온 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>으로 만들어진 [[염]]이다. '''초석'''(硝石)이라고도 한다.

흡입 및 피부 접촉 시 유해하며 눈에 접촉 시 다량의 [[붕산]]과 물로 씻어야 한다.

== 이용 ==
질산 칼륨은 [[치약]] 및 [[화약]]을 만드는데 쓰인다. 질산 칼륨과 설탕, 그리고 베이킹 소다([[탄산수소 나트륨]])를 섞어 불을 붙이면 연기가 난다. 이는 '스모크 밤(Smoke bomb)'으로 이용된다.

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[화약의 역사]]
* [[초석]]
* [[나이트로셀룰로스]]
* [[과염소산 칼륨]]
== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
{{위키공용분류}}
* {{언어링크|en}} [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0184.htm International Chemical Safety Card 018402216]

{{칼륨 화합물}}
{{전거 통제}}
{{토막글|화학}}

[[분류:질산염]]
[[분류:무기 화합물]]
[[분류:칼륨 화합물]]
[[분류:보존제]]
[[분류:무기 비료]]