{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 443825627
| Name = 폼산<br>Formic acid
| ImageFile2 = formic acid 85 percent.jpg
| ImageSize2 = 120px
| ImageFileL1 = Formic_acid.svg
| ImageNameL1 = Skeletal structure of formic acid
| ImageFileR1 = Formic-acid-CRC-MW-3D-balls.png
| ImageNameR1 = 3D model of formic acid
| PIN = Formic acid<ref name=iupac2013>{{서적 인용| title =  Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book) | publisher = [[Royal Society of Chemistry|The Royal Society of Chemistry]] | date = 2014 | location = Cambridge | page = 745 | doi = 10.1039/9781849733069 | isbn = 978-0-85404-182-4}}</ref>
| SystematicName = Methanoic acid<ref name=iupac2013 />
| OtherNames = Carbonous acid; Formylic acid; Hydrogen carboxylic acid; Hydroxy(oxo)methane; Metacarbonoic acid; Oxocarbinic acid; Oxomethanol
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB01942
| SMILES = O=CO
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 0YIW783RG1
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C00058
| InChI = 1/HCOOH/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)
| InChIKey = BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYAT
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 116736
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/HCOOH/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 64-18-6
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 30751
| PubChem = 284
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 278
| RTECS = LQ4900000
| EINECS = 200-579-1
 }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=1 | H=2 | O=2
| Appearance = Colorless fuming liquid
| Odor = Pungent, penetrating
| Density = 1.220{{nbsp}}g/mL
| Solubility = [[혼화성]]
| SolubleOther = [[다이에틸 에터]], [[아세톤]], [[아세트산 에틸]], [[글리세롤]], [[메탄올]], [[에탄올]]과 [[혼화성]]이 있음 <br/> [[벤젠]], [[톨루엔]], [[자일렌]]에 부분적으로 용해 가능
| MeltingPtC = 8.4
| BoilingPtC = 100.8
| pKa = 3.745<ref>{{서적 인용|last1=Smith |first1=Robert M. |last2=Martell |first2=Arthur E. |title=Critical Stability Constants Volume 6: Second Supplement |date=1989 |publisher=Plenum Press |location=New York |isbn=0-306-43104-1 |page=299}}</ref>
| ConjugateBase = [[Formate]]
| Viscosity = 1.57{{nbsp}}c[[푸아즈|P]] at 268&nbsp;°C
| LogP = −0.54
| RefractIndex = 1.3714 (20&nbsp;°C)
| MagSus = −19.90·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
| VaporPressure = 35{{nbsp}}mmHg (20&nbsp;°C)<ref name=PGCH/>
 }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = [[Wiktionary:planar|Planar]]
| Dipole = 1.41{{nbsp}}[[디바이|D]] (gas)}}
|Section5={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −425.0{{nbsp}}kJ/mol
| DeltaHc = −254.6{{nbsp}}kJ/mol
| Entropy = 131.8{{nbsp}}J/mol&nbsp;K
 }}
|Section6={{Chembox Pharmacology
| ATCvet = yes
| ATCCode_prefix = P53
| ATCCode_suffix = AG01
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/f5956.htm MSDS from JT Baker]
| MainHazards = Corrosive; irritant;<br />sensitizer
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 2
| NFPA-R = 1
| FlashPtC = 69
| AutoignitionPtC = 601
| ExploLimits = 14{{ndash}}34%<br/> 18{{ndash}}57% (90% solution)<ref name=PGCH/>
| RPhrases = {{R10}} {{R35}}
| SPhrases = {{S1/2}} {{S23}} {{S26}} {{S45}}
| LD50 = 700{{nbsp}}mg/kg (mouse, oral), 1100{{nbsp}}mg/kg (rat, oral), 4000{{nbsp}}mg/kg (dog, oral)<ref name=IDLH>{{웹 인용|url = https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/64186.html |title = Formic acid |work = Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH) |publisher = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |date = 4 December 2014 |accessdate = 26 March 2015}}</ref>
| PEL = TWA 5{{nbsp}}ppm (9{{nbsp}}mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0296}}</ref>
| IDLH = 30{{nbsp}}ppm<ref name=PGCH/>
| REL = TWA 5{{nbsp}}ppm (9{{nbsp}}mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH/>
| LC50 = 7853{{nbsp}}ppm (rat, 15{{nbsp}}min)<br/>3246{{nbsp}}ppm (mouse, 15{{nbsp}}min)<ref name=IDLH/>
 }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label = [[카복실산]]
| OtherFunction = [[아세트산]]<br/>[[프로피온산]]
| OtherCompounds = [[폼알데하이드]]<br/>[[메탄올]]}}
}}
'''폼산'''({{llang|en|formic acid}}, {{표준어|'''포름산'''}}), '''메탄산'''({{llang|en|methanoic acid}}), 또는 '''개미산'''은 가장 단순한 [[카복실산]]이다. 이것의 공식은 [[수소|H]][[탄소|C]][[산소|O]]OH 또는 CH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>이다. 화학 합성에 있어서 중요한 매개체이며 자연적으로 만들어지고 [[벌 (곤충)|벌]]과 [[개미]]의 침의 독극물 안에 있는 것으로 잘 알려져 있다. 본래 폼산은 영국에서 흔한 개미 [[홍개미]](Formica Rufa)를 증류하는 과정에서 얻어진 것이라고 한다.<ref>웅진백과-포름산은 본래 포르미카루파를 증류하는 과정에서 얻어졌다.</ref>

자연적으로, [[막시류]]순의 많은 곤충들(특히 [[개미]])의 침과 입질(입으로 물림)에서 찾을 수 있으며, [[쐐기풀]]의 잎과 줄기에도 포함되어 있다.

== 성질 ==
폼산은 [[카복시기]]를 가지기 때문에 산성을 나타내며, 산도가 [[아세트산]]보다 강하고 피부에 닿으면 극심한 통증을 유발할 수 있다.

한편, 폼산은 카복시기를 가지는 동시에 [[포밀기]]를 가지기 때문에 포밀기에 의하여 환원력을 가져 [[알데하이드]]의 특징인 [[은거울반응]]을 일으키기도 한다.

폼산을 진한 [[황산]] 등 탈수제로 탈수시키면 [[일산화 탄소]]가 생성된다.
* HCOOH → H<sub>2</sub>O + CO

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
{{위키공용|Formic acid}}
* {{언어링크|en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20050501143635/http://etd.rau.ac.za/theses/available/etd-09082004-124908/ Carbon monoxide as reagent in the formylation of aromatic compounds].
* {{언어링크|en}} [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0485.htm International Chemical Safety Card 0485].
* {{언어링크|en}} [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0296.html NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards].
* {{언어링크|en}} [http://chemsub.online.fr/name/Formic_acid.html ChemSub Online (Formic acid)].
* {{언어링크|en}} [http://www.educatedearth.net/video.php?id=3587 Ants shooting formic acid (video)].
* {{언어링크|en}} [http://www.mitegone.com/media.asp#combhandbook FORMIC ACID USE in BEEKEEPING: Handbook and Manual of Treatments].

{{전거 통제}}
{{토막글|화학}}

[[분류:카복실산]]
[[분류:용매]]
[[분류:1개의 탄소 원자를 가진 유기 화합물]]