{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}

{{번역 확장 필요|en|Variants of SARS-CoV-2}}
[[파일:Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.jpg|섬네일]]
[[코로나바이러스감염증-19]](코로나19)를 일으키는 [[SARS-CoV-2]]는 다수의 변이가 있다. 일부는 전염성이 증가하거나, 독성이 늘거나, [[코로나19 백신|백신]]의 효과가 감소하기 때문에 특히 중요하다. 사상 최초의 코로나19 변이 바이러스는 [[2020년]] [[1월 1일]] 발생한 B.1.499 바이러스이며 코로나 바이러스는 이후에도 계속 변이하면서 세계의 여러가지의 다양한 변이 바이러스가 탄생하고 있다. 현재까지는 오미크론 이상의 파이 바이러스 종류는 아직 나오지 않고 있다.

== 개괄 ==

상대적 위험도: {{Legend inline|#faa|매우 높음}} {{Legend inline|#fc8|높음}} {{Legend inline|#fe8|보통}} {{Legend inline|#cfc|낮음}} {{Legend inline|#e0ffff|매우 낮음}} {{Legend inline|#eee|알 수 없음}}<ref name="who-variants">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.who.int/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants|title=Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants|website=who.int|publisher=World Health Organization|language=en|access-date=2021-06-01}}</ref><ref name="cdc-variants">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/variant-surveillance/variant-info.html|title=SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions|website=CDC.gov|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref><ref name="phe-voc">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-variants-genomically-confirmed-case-numbers/variants-distribution-of-cases-data|title=Variants: distribution of cases data|website=GOV.UK|publisher=[[Government Digital Service]]|agency=Public Health England}}</ref><ref name="aci-variants">{{웹 인용|url=https://aci.health.nsw.gov.au/covid-19/critical-intelligence-unit/sars-cov-2-variants|title=Living Evidence – SARS-CoV-2 variants|website=nsw.gov.au|publisher=[[Ministry of Health (New South Wales)]]|access-date=22 March 2021|department=Agency for Clinical Innovation|archive-date=2021-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416012757/https://aci.health.nsw.gov.au/covid-19/critical-intelligence-unit/sars-cov-2-variants|url-status=}}</ref><ref name="ecdc-variants">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern|title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern|website=ECDC.eu|publisher=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control|access-date=2021-06-07}}</ref><ref name="who-situation">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports|title=Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Situation Reports|website=who.int|publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref><ref name="phe-briefings">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/investigation-of-novel-sars-cov-2-variant-variant-of-concern-20201201|title=Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: technical briefings|website=GOV.UK|publisher=[[Government Digital Service]]|agency=Public Health England}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="4" |식별
! colspan="3" |출현
! colspan="4" |우한에서 처음 발견된 바이러스와의 차이
|-
![[세계 보건 기구|WHO]]<wbr /><ref name="who-variants"/>
!PANGO 계통<wbr /><ref name="pango-lineages">{{웹 인용|url=https://cov-lineages.org/lineages.html|title=Lineage descriptions|website=cov-lineages.org|publisher=[[Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages|Pango]] team}}</ref>
![[영국 공중 보건국|PHE]] 변종<wbr />{{efn-ua|The naming format was updated in March 2021, changing the year from 4 to 2 digits and the month from 2 digits to a 3-letter abbreviation. For example, VOC-'''2021'''''01''-02 became VOC-'''21'''''JAN''-02.<ref name="phe-voc" />}}
!Nextstrain clade<wbr /><ref name="nextstrain2">{{웹 인용|title=Nextstrain|url=https://nextstrain.org/|website=nextstrain.org|publisher=[[Nextstrain]]}}</ref><ref name="cdc-variants" />
!첫 발발
!초기 샘플
!WHO 등급 지정
!주요 돌연변이
![[기초감염재생산수|감염성]]
!병독성
![[항원성]]
|-
|{{sort|1|[[SARS-CoV-2 알파 변이|알파]]}}
|B.1.1.7
|VOC‑20DEC‑01<wbr />
|20I/501Y.V1{{efn-ua|name=20B|Formerly 20B/501Y.V1.}}
|[[영국]]
|{{dts|2020|09|20|format=dmy|abbr=on}}<wbr/><ref>{{웹 인용|vauthors=Rambaut A, Loman N, Pybus O, Barclay W, Barrett J, Carabelli A, Connor T, Peacock T, Robertson DL, Volz E |display-authors=6 |date=2020-12-18 |title=Preliminary genomic characterisation of an emergent SARS-CoV-2 lineage in the UK defined by a novel set of spike mutations |url=https://virological.org/t/preliminary-genomic-characterisation-of-an-emergent-sars-cov-2-lineage-in-the-uk-defined-by-a-novel-set-of-spike-mutations/563 |access-date=2021-06-14 |website=Virological}}</ref><ref name="who-update-latest"/>
|{{dts|2020|12|18|format=dmy|abbr=on}}<wbr/><ref>{{기술보고서 인용|type=Briefing |title=Investigation of novel SARS-COV-2 variant, technical briefing 1 |institution=Public Health England |date=2020-12-21 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/959438/Technical_Briefing_VOC_SH_NJL2_SH2.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref>
|69–70del, N501Y, P681H<wbr /><ref name=":33">{{웹 인용|date=2021-01-28|title=Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-and-research/scientific-brief-emerging-variants.html|access-date=2021-01-04|website=CDC.gov|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|type=Science brief}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>{{sfnp|Chand ''et al.''|2020|p=6|loc=Potential impact of spike variant N501Y}}
|{{risk|level=high|align=ml|{{Estimate|+87|43|130|unit=%|type=cri|mini=auto}}<wbr/><ref name="pmid33658326">{{저널 인용| author=Davies NG, Abbott S, Barnard RC, Jarvis CI, Kucharski AJ, Munday JD | display-authors=etal| title=Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England. | journal=Science | year= 2021 | volume= 372 | issue= 6538 | pages=  | pmid=33658326 | doi=10.1126/science.abg3055 | pmc=8128288 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33658326}}</ref>}}
|{{risk|level=high|align=ml|치사율: {{Estimate|+61|42|82|unit=%|mini=auto}}<wbr/><ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Davies G, Jarvis C, Edmunds WJ, Jewell N, Diaz-Ordaz K, Keogh R |date=2021-03-15 |title=Increased mortality in community-tested cases of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03426-1 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=593 |issue=7858 |pages=270–274 |type=Published |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03426-1 |pmid=33723411 |access-date=2021-04-29|doi-access=free }}</ref>}}{{efn-ua|Another study<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = DChallen R, Brooks-Pollock E, Read J, Dyson L, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Danon L|date=2021-03-10 |title=Risk of mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/1: matched cohort study|journal=[[The BMJ]] |volume=372 |pages=n579 |type=Published |doi=10.1136/bmj.n579  |pmid=33687922 |pmc=7941603 |doi-access=free}}</ref> has estimated that B.1.1.7 may be ~64% (32–104%) more lethal}}
|{{risk|level=low|align=ml|변화 없음<wbr/><ref name="ECDC1">{{기술보고서 인용|type=Risk assessment|title=Risk related to the spread of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the EU/EEA – first update|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/covid-19-risk-assessment-spread-new-variants-concern-eueea-first-update|institution=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control|date=2021-02-02}}</ref>}}
|-
|{{sort|2|[[SARS-CoV-2 베타 변이|베타]]}}
|B.1.351
|VOC‑20DEC‑02
|20H/501Y.V2
|[[남아프리카 공화국]]
|{{dts|2020|05|format=dmy|abbr=on}}<wbr/><ref name="who-update-latest"/>
|{{dts|2021|01|14|format=dmy|abbr=on}}<wbr/><ref>{{기술보고서 인용|type=Note |title=NERVTAG paper: brief note on SARS-CoV-2 variants |institution=Public Health England |date=2021-01-13 |last1=Horby |first1=Peter |last2=Barclay |first2=Wendy |last3=Huntley |first3=Catherine |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nervtag-brief-note-on-sars-cov-2-variants-13-january-2021 |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref>
|K417N, E484K, N501Y<wbr /><ref name=":33"/>
|{{risk|level=high|align=ml|{{Estimate|+50|20|80|unit=%|type=cri|mini=auto}}<wbr/><ref name="ECDC1"/>}}
|{{risk|level=high|align=ml|+57%}}<ref name="biotecnika">{{뉴스 인용|url=https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2021081314552057045}}</ref>
|{{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|항체에 의한 중화의 현저한 감소<wbr/><ref>{{저널 인용|vauthors=Planas D, Bruel T, Grzelak L, etal |date=2021-04-14 |title=Sensitivity of infectious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants to neutralizing antibodies |journal=Nature Medicine |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=917–924 |doi=10.1038/s41591-021-01318-5 |pmid=33772244 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3130355/coronavirus-sinovac-vaccine-gives-70-cent-less |title=Coronavirus: Sinovac vaccine gives 70 per cent less protection against South African variant, but Hongkongers urged to still get jab |website=South China Morning Post |date=20 April 2021 |access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref>}}
|-
|{{sort|3|[[SARS-CoV-2 감마 변이|감마]]}}
|P.1
|VOC‑21JAN‑02
|20J/501Y.V3
|[[브라질]]
|{{dts|2020|11|format=dmy|abbr=on}}<wbr/><ref name="who-update-latest"/>
|{{dts|2021|01|15|format=dmy|abbr=on}}<wbr/><ref>{{뉴스 인용|title=Confirmed cases of COVID-19 variants identified in UK |location=Friday 15 January |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/confirmed-cases-of-covid-19-variants-identified-in-uk |agency=Public Health England |publisher=GOV.UK |date=2021-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{기술보고서 인용|last1=Horby |first1=Peter |last2=Barclay |first2=Wendy |last3=Gupta |first3=Ravi |last4=Huntley |first4=Catherine |type=Note |title=NERVTAG paper: note on variant P.1 |institution=Public Health England |date=2021-01-27 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nervtag-note-on-variant-p1-27-january-2021 |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref>
|K417T, E484K, N501Y<wbr /><ref name=":33"/>
|{{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|{{Estimate|+161|145|176|unit=%|mini=auto}} <wbr/><ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Coutinho RM, Marquitti FM, Ferreira LS, Borges ME, da Silva RL, Canton O, Portella TP, Lyra SP, Franco C, Plucinski MM, Lessa FC |display-authors=6 |date=2021-03-23 |title=Model-based estimation of transmissibility and reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 P.1 variant |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.03.21252706v3 |journal=[[medRxiv]] |type=[[Preprint]] |doi=10.1101/2021.03.03.21252706 |page=9 |s2cid=232119656 |quote=The new variant was found to be about 2.6 times more transmissible (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.4–2.8) than previous circulating variant(s). ... Table 1: Summary of the fitted parameters and respective confidence intervals considering the entire period, November 1, 2020-January 31, 2021 maintaining the same pathogenicity of the previous variant. Parameter: Relative transmission rate for the new variant. Estimate: 2.61. 2.5%: 2.45. 97.5%: 2.76. |access-date=2021-04-29}}</ref>{{efn-ua|Another study<ref name="cadde-p1">{{저널 인용|display-authors=6|vauthors=Faria NR, Mellan TA, Whittaker C, Claro IM, Candido DS, Mishra S, Crispim MA, Sales FC, Hawryluk I, McCrone JT, Hulswit RJ, Franco LA, Ramundo MS, de Jesus JG, Andrade PS, Coletti TM, Ferreira GM, Silva CA, Manuli ER, Pereira RH, Peixoto PS, Kraemer MU, Gaburo N, Camilo CD, Hoeltgebaum H, Souza WM, Rocha EC, de Souza LM, de Pinho MC, Araujo LJ, Malta FS, de Lima AB, Silva JD, Zauli DA, Ferreira AC, Schnekenberg RP, Laydon DJ, Walker PG, Schlüter HM, Dos Santos AL, Vidal MS, Del Caro VS, Filho RM, Dos Santos HM, Aguiar RS, Modena JL, Nelson B, Hay JA, Monod M, Miscouridou X, Coupland H, Sonabend R, Vollmer M, Gandy A, Suchard MA, Bowden TA, Pond SL, Wu CH, Ratmann O, Ferguson NM, Dye C, Loman NJ, Lemey P, Rambaut A, Fraiji NA, Carvalho MD, Pybus OG, Flaxman S, Bhatt S, Sabino EC|date=2021-05-21|title=Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil|journal=Science|volume=372|issue=6544|pages=815–821|doi=10.1126/science.abh2644|issn=0036-8075|pmc=8139423|pmid=33853970|quote=Within this plausible region of parameter space, P.1 can be between 1.7 and 2.4 times more transmissible (50% BCI, 2.0 median, with a 99% posterior probability of being >1) than local non-P1 lineages and can evade 21 to 46% (50% BCI, 32% median, with a 95% posterior probability of being able to evade at least 10%) of protective immunity elicited by previous infection with non-P.1 lineages, corresponding to 54 to 79% (50% BCI, 68% median) cross-immunity ... We estimate that infections are 1.2 to 1.9 times more likely (50% BCI, median 1.5, 90% posterior probability of being >1) to result in mortality in the period after the emergence of P.1, compared with before, although posterior estimates of this relative risk are also correlated with inferred cross-immunity. More broadly, the recent epidemic in Manaus has strained the city’s health care system, leading to inadequate access to medical care. We therefore cannot determine whether the estimated increase in relative mortality risk is due to P.1 infection, stresses on the Manaus health care system, or both. Detailed clinical investigations of P.1 infections are needed.|doi-access=free}}</ref> has estimated that P.1 may be {{Estimate|100|70|140|50|unit=%|type=cri|mini=auto}} more transmissible.{{efn-ua|name=low-confidence}}}}}}
|{{risk|level=medium|align=ml|치사율: {{Estimate|+50|20|90|50|unit=%|type=cri|mini=auto}}<wbr/><ref name="cadde-p1" />}}{{efn-ua|name=low-confidence|The reported [[confidence interval|confidence]] or [[credible interval]] has a low probability, so the estimated value can only be understood as possible, not certain nor likely.}}{{efn-ua|Preliminary results from a study in the Southern Region of Brazil found P.1 much more lethal for healthy young people. In groups without pre-existing conditions, the variant was found to be {{Estimate|490|220|985|unit=%|mini=auto}} more lethal for men in the 20-39 age group, {{Estimate|465|190|1003|unit=%|mini=auto}} more lethal for women in the 20-39 age group and {{Estimate|670|401|1083|unit=%|mini=auto}} for women in the 40-59 age group.<ref>{{저널 인용|vauthors=Freitas AR, Lemos DR, Beckedorff OA, Cavalcanti LP, Siqueira AM, Mello RC, Barros EN |display-authors=6 |date=2021-04-19 |title=The increase in the risk of severity and fatality rate of covid-19 in southern Brazil after the emergence of the Variant of Concern (VOC) SARS-CoV-2 P.1 was greater among young adults without pre-existing risk conditions |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.13.21255281v1 |type=[[Preprint]] |via=medRxiv |doi=10.1101/2021.04.13.21255281 |quote=Female 20 to 39 years old, with no pre-existing risk conditions, were at risk of death 5.65 times higher in February (95% CI, 2.9-11.03; p <0.0001) and in the age group of 40 and 59 years old, this risk was 7.7 times higher (95% CI, 5.01-11.83; p <0.0001) comparing with November–December. ... The heterogeneity observed between the age groups was greater when we analyzed the subgroup of the population without preexisting risk conditions where we found that the CFR in the female sex in the second wave was 1.95 times (95% CI, 1.38-2.76) the CFR of the first wave in the population over 85 years old and was 7.7 times (95% CI, 5.01-11.83; p < 0.0001) in the population between 40 and 59 years old. In the male population without previous diseases, the CFR in the second wave was 2.18 (95% CI, 1.62-2.93) times the CFR of the first wave in the population over 85 years old and 5.9 (95% CI, 3.2-10.85; p < 0, 0001) higher in the range between 20 and 39 years old.}}</ref>}}
|{{risk|level=high|align=ml|효과적인 중화의 전반적인 감소<wbr/><ref name="ECDC1" />}}
|-
|{{sort|5|[[SARS-CoV-2 엡실론 변이|엡실론]]}}
|B.1.429, B.1.427
|style="text-align:center"|—
|20C/S:452R
|[[미국]]
|{{dts|2020|03|format=dmy|abbr=on}}<wbr/><ref name="who-update-latest"/>
|{{dts|2021|03|17|format=dmy|abbr=on}}<wbr/><ref>{{뉴스 인용|last=Azad |first=Arman |title=Coronavirus strains first detected in California are officially 'variants of concern,' CDC says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/17/health/california-variants-of-concern-cdc/index.html |work=CNN |date=2021-03-17 |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref>
|L452R<wbr /><ref name=":33" />
|{{risk|level=medium|align=ml|{{Estimate|+22|unit=%|mini=auto}} ({{val|19|-|24|u=%}})<wbr/><ref name="cdc-variants"/><ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Deng X, Garcia-Knight MA, Khalid MM, Servellita V, Wang C, Morris MK, Sotomayor-González A, Glasner DR, Reyes KR, Gliwa AS, Reddy NP, Sanchez San Martin C, Federman S, Cheng J, Balcerek J, Taylor J, Streithorst JA, Miller S, Kumar GR, Sreekumar B, Chen PY, Schulze-Gahmen U, Taha TY, Hayashi J, Simoneau CR, McMahon S, Lidsky PV, Xiao Y, Hemarajata P, Green NM, Espinosa A, Kath C, Haw M, Bell J, Hacker JK, Hanson C, Wadford DA, Anaya C, Ferguson D, Lareau LF, Frankino PA, Shivram H, Wyman SK, Ott M, Andino R, Chiu CY | display-authors = 6 | title = Transmission, infectivity, and antibody neutralization of an emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant in California carrying a L452R spike protein mutation | journal = MedRxiv | date = March 2021 | pmid = 33758899 | pmc = 7987058 | doi = 10.1101/2021.03.07.21252647 | type = [[Preprint]] }}</ref>}}
|{{risk|align=ml|''조사 중''}}
|{{risk|level=high|align=ml|중화 항체에 대한 민감도가 약간 감소<ref name="CaliNews">{{뉴스 인용| vauthors = Wadman M |date=2021-02-23 |title=California coronavirus strain may be more infectious – and lethal |url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/02/coronavirus-strain-first-identified-california-may-be-more-infectious-and-cause-more |doi=10.1126/science.abh2101 |work=[[사이언스|Science]] News |access-date=2021-03-17}}</ref>}}
|-
|{{sort|4|[[SARS-CoV-2 델타 변이|델타]]}}
|B.1.617.2, AY형
|VOC‑21APR‑02<wbr/>
|21A/S:478K<wbr/><ref name="who-update-latest"/><ref name="aci-variants"/>
|[[인도]]
|{{dts|2020|10|format=dmy|abbr=on}}<wbr/><ref name="who-update-latest"/>
|{{dts|2021|05|06|format=dmy|abbr=on}}<wbr/><ref>{{기술보고서 인용|type=Briefing |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England, technical briefing 10 |id=GOV-8226 |institution=Public Health England |date=2021-05-07 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/984274/Variants_of_Concern_VOC_Technical_Briefing_10_England.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref>
|L452R, T478K, P681R<ref name="20A_617">{{웹 인용|date=2021-05-12|title=SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/variant-surveillance/variant-info.html|access-date=2021-05-16|website=CDC.gov|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref>
|{{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|{{Estimate|+198|unit=%|mini=auto}}<wbr/>{{efn-ua|About 40% more transmissible than the Alpha variant.<ref>{{뉴스 인용|last=Walker |first=Peter |title=Covid Delta variant ‘about 40% more transmissible’, says Matt Hancock |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/06/covid-delta-variant-about-40-more-transmissible-says-matt-hancock |access-date=2021-06-06 |work=The Guardian |date=2021-06-06}}</ref>}}}}
|{{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|sortvalue=K5-185|{{Estimate|+85|39|147|unit=%|mini=auto}} <small>알파 변이와 관련</small><wbr/>{{efn-ua|1 April – 6 June 2021, Scotland.<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Sheikh A, McMenamin J, Taylor B, Robertson C | title = SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC in Scotland: demographics, risk of hospital admission, and vaccine effectiveness | journal = Lancet | volume = 397 | issue = 10293 | pages = 2461–2462 | date = June 2021 | pmid = 34139198 | pmc = 8201647 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01358-1 }}</ref> Another preliminary study in Ontario found that hospitalization by Delta increased by 120% relative to non-[[우려 변이|VOC]] lineages.{{efn-ua|name=delta-ontario|7 February – 22 June 22, 2021, Ontario. [[Case Fatality Rate|CFR]] 0.04% for <50 age group unvaccinated, 6.5% for >50 age group unvaccinated<ref name="voctech">{{웹 인용|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1012644/Technical_Briefing_21.pdf |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England Technical Briefing 21 |date=20 August 2021 |work=Public Health England |page=16 and 22 |access-date=29 August 2021 |language=English |archive-date=29 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829032842/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1012644/Technical_Briefing_21.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>}}}}{{efn-ua|name=different-conditions|Differences may be due to different policies and interventions adopted in each area studied at different times, to the capacity of the local health system, or to different variants circulating at the time and place of the study.}}}}
|{{risk|level=medium|align=ml|효과적인 중화의 약간의 감소<ref name="B.1.617 neutralization">{{저널 인용|vauthors=Yadav PD, Sapkal GN, Abraham P, Ella R, Deshpande G, Patil DY, Nyayanit DA, Gupta N, Sahay RR, Shete AM, Panda S, Bhargava B, Mohan VK |display-authors=6 |title=Neutralization of variant under investigation B.1.617 with sera of BBV152 vaccinees. |journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2021-05-07 |doi=10.1093/cid/ciab411 |pmid=33961693 |url=https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cid/ciab411/6271524 |url-access=subscription |biorxiv=10.1101/2021.04.23.441101}}</ref>}}
|-
|{{sort|10|[[SARS-CoV-2 카파 변이|카파]]}}
|B.1.617.1
|VUI‑21APR‑01
|21A/S:154K<wbr/><ref name="who-update-latest"/>
|[[인도]]
|{{dts|2020|10|format=dmy|abbr=on}}<ref name="who-update-latest"/>
|—
|L452R, E484Q, P681R<ref>{{뉴스 인용|last1=Nuki|first1=Paul|last2=Newey|first2=Sarah|date=2021-04-16|title=Arrival of India's 'double mutation' adds to variant woes, but threat posed remains unclear|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/arrival-indias-double-mutation-adds-variant-woes-threat-posed/|access-date=2021-04-17|issn=0307-1235}}</ref>
|{{risk|align=ml|''조사 중''}}
|{{risk|align=ml|''조사 중''}}
|{{risk|level=medium|align=ml|효과적인 중화의 약간의 감소<ref name="B.1.617 neutralization"/>}}
|-
|{{sort|7|[[SARS-CoV-2 에타 변이|에타]]}}
|B.1.525
|VUI‑21FEB‑03<wbr />{{efn-ua|Formerly UK1188.}}
|20A/S:484K
|[[영국]]
|{{dts|2020|12|11|format=dmy|abbr=on}}<wbr /><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://cov-lineages.org/global_report_B.1.525.html |title=B.1.525 international lineage report |website=cov-lineages.org |publisher=[[Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages|Pango]] team |access-date=2021-06-04}}</ref><ref name="qc-earliest">{{웹 인용|type=Software issue |title=Date mismatch between international report and lineage description - cov-lineages/pangolin |url=https://github.com/cov-lineages/pangolin/issues/243 |website=GitHub |date=2021-06-13 |access-date=2021-06-14}}</ref><ref name="who-update-latest"/>
|—
|E484K, F888L<ref name="Pango B.1.525">{{웹 인용|url=https://cov-lineages.org/global_report_B.1.525.html |title=B.1.525 |website=cov-lineages.org |publisher=[[Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages|Pango]] team |access-date=2021-03-22}}</ref><ref>{{뉴스 인용|date=16 February 2021|title=A coronavirus variant with a mutation that 'likely helps it escape' antibodies is already in at least 11 countries, including the US|publisher=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/virus-variant-in-11-countries-and-may-resist-antibodies-report-2021-2?r=US&IR=T|access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref>|E484K, F888L<wbr /><ref name="Pango B.1.5253">{{웹 인용|title=B.1.525|url=https://cov-lineages.org/global_report_B.1.525.html|access-date=2021-03-22|website=cov-lineages.org|publisher=[[Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages|Pango]] team}}</ref>
|{{risk|align=ml|''조사 중''}}
|{{risk|align=ml|''조사 중''}}
|{{risk|level=medium|align=ml|중화 가능성 감소 <wbr/><ref name="cdc-variants"/>}}
|-
|[[SARS-CoV-2 오미크론 변이|오미크론]]
|B.1.1.529, BA형
|VUI-21NOV-01
|21K
|[[보츠와나]]
|2021/11/9
|2021/11/26
|P681H, N440K, N501Y, S477N, E484A, Q493R, 기타
|{{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|{{Estimate|+792|396|1,188|unit=%|type=cri|mini=auto}}<wbr/><ref name="phe-omicron-risk-assessment">{{기술보고서 인용|type=Assessment |title=Risk assessment for SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron |institution=Public Health England |date=22 December 2021 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1043756/22-december-2021-risk-assessment-for-SARS_Omicron_VOC-21NOV-01_B.1.1.529.pdf |id=GOV-10869 |format=PDF |access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref>}}
|{{risk|level=verylow|align=ml|{{Estimate|-65|-75|-54|unit=%|mini=yes}} 델타 변이와 관련
<small></small><ref name="phe-omicron-risk-assessment"/><ref>{{기술보고서 인용|vauthors=Ferguson N, Ghani A, Hinsley W, Volz E |others=WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis |title=Hospitalisation risk for Omicron cases in England |number=Report 50 |institution=Imperial College London |date=22 December 2021 |doi=10.25561/93035 |url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-50-severity-omicron/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223040712/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/mrc-gida/2021-12-22-COVID19-Report-50.pdf |archive-date=23 December 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
|{{risk|level=veryhigh|align=ml|중화기능 측정불가 수준으로 현저히  감소}}
|}

== 대한민국으로의 유입 및 발생 날짜 ==

{| Class = "wikitable
!발생 국가
!이름
!발생 날짜
!보고된 전세계 총 누적 확진환자
!대한민국으로의 유입 여부
!보고된 대한민국의 총 누적 확진환자
!비고
!최대 치사율
!스파이크 단백질 돌연변이
!유입된 국가의 수
!판고 혈통
|-
| {{국기|중국}} || [[코로나바이러스감염증-19|코로나 19]] || [[2019년]] [[12월 1일]] ||  1억 7천만명 이상 || O || 15만명 이상 || 코로나19 바이러스 원형 || <span style="color:green">+0%/2.2%</span> || D614G || 198 || A, B, B.1, B.1.1
|-
| {{국기|영국}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 알파 변이|알파]] || [[2020년]] [[2월 7일]] || 127만명 이상 || O || 3,262 || WHO 지정 우려변이였으나 해제됨 || <span style="color:#ff7f00">+74%/3.83%</span> || Δ69-70, Δ144, N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, D1118H, (L452R), (E484K), (E484Q), (S494P),  || 182 || B.1.1.7
|-
| {{국기|남아프리카공화국}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 베타 변이|베타]] || [[2020년]] [[2월 15일]] || 36,272 || O || 150 || WHO 지정 우려변이였으나 해제됨 || <span style="color:#ffd400">+57%/3.45%</span> || L18F, D80A, D215G, Δ242-244, R246I, K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G, A701V || 122 || B.1.351
|-
| {{국기|브라질}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 감마 변이|감마]] || [[2020년]] [[4월 7일]] || 113,454 || O || 25 || WHO 지정 우려변이였으나 해제됨 || <span style="color:#ff7f00">+90%/4.18%</span> || L18F, T20N, P26S, D138Y, R190S, K417T, E484K, N501Y, D614G, H655Y, (K417N)|| 79 || P.1 (B.1.1.28.1)
|-
| {{국기|인도}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 델타 변이|델타]] || [[2020년]] [[3월 27일]] || 1억명 이상 || O || 50만명 이상 || WHO 지정 우려변이 || <span style="color:red">'''+230%'''/7.26%</span> || Δ157-158, T19R, E156G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N, (N501S), (E484Q), 및 9개 || 186 || B.1.617.2, AY형
|-
| {{국기|미국}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 엡실론 변이|엡실론]] || [[2020년]] [[1월 26일]] || 75,158 || O || 666 || WHO 지정 관심변이였으나 해제됨 || ? || S13I, W152C, L452R, D614G || 55 || B.1.427, B.1.429
|-
| {{국기|브라질}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 제타 변이|제타]] || [[2020년]] [[4월 13일]] || 5,546 || O || 6 || WHO 지정 관심변이였으나 해제됨 || ? || E484K, D614G, V1176F || 45 || P.2 (B.1.1.28.2)
|-
| {{국기|영국}}, {{국기|나이지리아}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 에타 변이|에타]] || [[2020년]] [[3월 25일]] || 9,777 || O || 12 || WHO 지정 관심변이였으나 해제됨 || ? || Δ69-70, Δ144, Q52R, A67V, E484K, D614G, Q677H, F888L || 87 || B.1.525
|-
| {{국기|필리핀}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 세타 변이|세타]] || [[2021년]] [[1월 8일]] || 654 || O || 9 || WHO 지정 관심변이였으나 해제됨 || ? || Δ141-143, E484K, N501Y, D714G, P681H, E1092K, H1101Y, V1176F || 20 || P.3 (B.1.1.28.3)
|-
| {{국기|미국}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 요타 변이|요타]] || [[2020년]] [[1월 28일]] || 46,600 || O || 15 || WHO 지정 관심변이였으나 해제됨 || ? || L5F, T95I, D253G, E484K, D614G, A701V || 51 || B.1.526
|-
| {{국기|인도}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 카파 변이|카파]] || [[2020년]] [[3월 3일]] || 7,959 || O || 23 || WHO 지정 관심변이였으나 해제됨 || ? || T95I, G142D, E154K, L452R, E484Q, D614G, P681R, Q1071H || 62 || B.1.617.1
|-
| {{국기|페루}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 람다 변이|람다]] || [[2020년]] [[7월 21일]] || 9,768 || X || 0 || WHO 지정 관심변이였으나 해제됨 || ? || G75V, T76I, Δ246-252, L452Q, F490S, D614G, T859N || 40 || C.37 (B.1.1.1.37)
|-
| {{국기|콜롬비아}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 뮤 변이|뮤]] || [[2020년]] [[12월 15일]] || 17,007 || O || 3 || WHO 지정 관심변이였으나 해제됨 || 높을것으로 추정 || T95I, Y144S, Y145N, R346K, E484K, N501Y, D614G, P681H, D950N || 57 || B.1.621, B.1.621.1
|-
| {{국기|보츠와나}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 오미크론 변이|오미크론]] || [[2021년]] [[11월 9일]] || 2억명 이상 || O || 1500만명 이상 || WHO 지정 우려변이 || <span style="color:blue">-54%/1.01%</span> || Δ25-27, A67V, Δ69-70, T95I, G142D, Δ143-145, N211I, Δ212, 215EPEins, G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, T547K, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, N856K, Q954H, N969K, L981F || 164 || B.1.1.529, BA형
|-
| {{국기|스페인}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 20A.EU1 변이|20A.EU1]] || [[2020년]] [[2월 2일]] || 164,084 || O || 23 || WHO 정식명칭 X || ? || A222V, D614G || 96 || B.1.177
|-
| {{국기|덴마크}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 클러스터 5 변이|클러스터 5]] || [[2020년]] [[6월 8일]] || 1,252 || X || 0 || WHO 정식명칭 X || ? || Δ69-70, N439K, Y453F, D614G, P681H || 27 || B.1.1.298
|-
| {{국기|남아프리카공화국}}, {{국기|영국}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 스텔스 오미크론 변이|스텔스 오미크론]] || [[2021년]] [[1월 1일]] || 1000만명 이상 || O || 100만명 이상 || WHO 정식명칭 X || ? || T19I, LPPA24-27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K || 119 || BA.2 (B.1.1.529.2)
|-
| {{국기|유럽}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 델타플러스 변이]] || [[2021년]] [[3월 31일]] || 3,282 || O || 7 || WHO 지정 정식명칭 X, 인도 보건당국 지정 우려변이 || ? || K417N, L452R, T478K, P681R, (T478R) || 48 || AY.1 (B.1.617.2.1)
|-
| {{국기|카메룬}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 IHU 변이|IHU]] || [[2021년]] [[10월 15일]] || 69 || X || 0 || WHO 정식명칭 X || ? || R346S, E484K, Y449N, F490S, N501Y, P681H 및 40개 || 14 || B.1.640.2
|-
| {{국기|키프로스}} || [[SARS-CoV-2 델타크론 변이|델타크론]] || [[2021년]] [[12월 21일]]~[[2022년]] [[1월 7일]] || 245 || X || 0 || 실험실 오류인줄 알았으나 실제로 존재, WHO 정식명칭 X || ? ||  A67V, Δ69-70, T95I, G142D, Δ143-145, L452R, T478K, D614G, Q954H, N969K, L981F || 10 || XD, XF, XS 및 5종
|}

== 대한민국에서 발생한 변이 ==


{| Class = "wikitable
!발생 국가
!이름
!발생 날짜
!보고된 전세계 총 누적 확진환자
!보고된 대한민국의 총 누적 확진자
!비고
!변이가 유입된 국가의 수
|-
|rowspan="10"| {{국기|대한민국}} || [[B.41]] || [[2020년]] [[2월 6일]] || 135 || 131 || [[대한민국]]에서 발생한 최초의 변이 || 3
|-
| [[A.24]] || [[2020년]] [[3월 22일]] || 14 || 9 || [[대한민국]]발 변이중 가장적은 사람이 감염된 변이 || 4
|-
| [[B.1.497]] || [[2020년]] [[5월 5일]] || 3,202 || 3,153 || || 13
|-
| [[K.1]] (B.1.1.277.1) || [[2020년]] [[5월 7일]] || 39 || 34 || || 3
|-
| [[B.1.619.1]] || [[2020년]] [[9월 14일]] || 1,579 || 1,541 || || 13
|-
| [[AY.122.5]] (델타) || [[2021년]] [[1월 28일]] || 4,173 || 4,144 || || 13
|-
| [[AY.69]] (델타) || [[2021년]] [[5월 15일]] || 11,311 || 11,231 || [[대한민국]]발 변이중 가장많은 사람이 감염된 변이 || 18
|-
| [[BA.1.1.5]] (오미크론) || [[2021년]] [[11월 15일]] || 893 || 634 || || 27
|-
| [[B.1.3.1]] || [[?|?월 ?일]] || [[?]] || [[?]] || || [[?]]
|-
| [[B.1.1.183]] || [[?|?월 ?일]] || [[?]] || [[?]] || || [[?]]
|}

== 우세종이 될 가능성이 있는 변이 ==
{| Class = "wikitable
!발생 국가
!이름
!발생 날짜
!보고된 전세계 총 누적 확진환자
!보고된 대한민국 총 누적 확진자
!비고
|-
| {{국기|미국}} || [[BA.2.12.1 변이]] (오미크론) || [[2021년]] [[12월 14일]] || 9,205 || 6 || [[SARS-CoV-2 스텔스 오미크론 변이|스텔스 오미크론]] 보다 전염성이 25% (23~27%) 높은 변이
|}

== 감염 사례가 10명 미만인 변이 ==
{| Class = "wikitable
!발생 국가
!이름
!발생 날짜
!보고된 전세계 총 누적 확진환자
!보고된 대한민국 총 누적 확진자
!전세계 최대 점유율
|-
| {{국기|탄자니아}} || [[A.30]] (A.VOI.V2) || [[2021년]] [[2월 13일]] || 4 || 0 || 0.0008%
|-
| {{국기|스페인}} || [[C.21]] (B.1.1.1.21) || [[2020년]] [[9월 15일]] || 7 || 0 || 0.0021%
|-
| {{국기|페루}} || [[C.25]] (B.1.1.1.25) || [[2020년]] [[3월 20일]] || 8 || 0 || 0.0034%
|-
| {{국기|덴마크}} || [[AQ.2]] (B.1.1.39.2) || [[2020년]] [[8월 24일]] || 9 || 0 || 0.0019%
|-
| {{국기|스웨덴}} || [[B.1.1.91]] || [[2020년]] [[4월 10일]] || 6 || 0 || 0.0011%
|-
| {{국기|포르투갈}} || [[AM.1]] (B.1.1.216.1) || [[2020년]] [[11월 9일]] || 9 || 0 || 0.0002%
|-
| {{국기|스위스}} || [[AH.1]] (B.1.1.241.1) || [[2021년]] [[1월 5일]] || 7 || 0 || 0.0004%
|-
| {{국기|미국}} || [[B.1.1.357]] || [[2020년]] [[7월 8일]] || 8 || 0 || 0.0009%
|-
| {{국기|아일랜드}} || [[B.1.1.399]] || [[2020년]] [[4월 15일]] || 9 || 0 || 0.0020%
|-
| {{국기|인도}} || [[B.1.1.414]] || [[2020년]] [[7월 14일]] || 7 || 0 || 0.0007%
|-
| {{국기|러시아}} || [[B.1.1.427]] || [[2020년]] [[7월 25일]] || 8 || 0 || 0.0004%
|-
| {{국기|남아공}} || [[B.1.1.444]] || [[2020년]] [[7월 27일]] || 7 || 0 || 0.0004%
|-
| {{국기|러시아}} || [[B.1.1.452]] || [[2020년]] [[9월 10일]] || 9 || 0 || 0.0009%
|-
| {{국기|니제르}} || [[B.1.1.484]] || [[2020년]] [[5월 31일]] || 6 || 0 || 0.0010%
|-
| {{국기|영국}} || [[B.1.110.2]] || [[2020년]] [[4월 3일]] || 6 || 0 || 0.0012%
|-
| {{국기|캐나다}} || [[B.1.316]] || [[2020년]] [[4월 29일]] || 7 || 0 || 0.0001%
|-
| {{국기|스웨덴}} || [[B.1.342]] || [[2020년]] [[5월 23일]] || 9 || 0 || 0.0030%
|-
| {{국기|영국}} || [[B.1.350.1]] || [[2020년]] [[5월 25일]] || 7 || 0 || 0.0011%
|-
| {{국기|인도}} || [[B.1.458]] || [[2020년]] [[5월 25일]] || 9 || 0 || 0.0102%
|-
| {{국기|독일}} || [[B.1.475]] || [[2020년]] [[3월 26일]] || 8 || 0 || 0.0016%
|-
| {{국기|스웨덴}} || [[B.1.488]] || [[2020년]] [[7월 13일]] || 5 || 0 || 0.0004%
|-
| {{국기|미국}} || [[B.1.496]] || [[2020년]] [[3월 15일]] || 9 || 0 || 0.0178%
|-
| {{국기|아르헨티나}} || [[B.1.499.1]] || [[2020년]] [[7월 3일]] || 9 || 0 || 0.0005%
|-
| {{국기|스웨덴}} || [[B.1.614]] || [[2020년]] [[6월 15일]] || 8 || 0 || 0.0048%
|-
| {{국기|캐나다}} || [[B.1.641]] || [[2021년]] [[12월 1일]] || 6 || 0 || 0.0008%
|-
!  ||  ||  || 총 178명 ||  ||                              
|}

== 각주 ==
;내용주
{{notelist-ua}}
;참조주
{{각주|refs=
<ref name="who-update-latest">{{기술보고서 인용|type=Situation report |title=Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 15 June 2021 |institution=World Health Organization |date=2021-06-15 |url=https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---15-june-2021 |access-date=2021-06-16}}</ref>}}

{{코로나19 범유행}}
{{SARS-CoV-2 변이}}

[[분류:SARS-CoV-2 변이주| ]]