{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{신학자 정보
| 이름 = 토마스 포시스 토렌스
| 원어이름 = Thomas&nbsp; Forsyth Torrance
| 그림 = 
| 그림설명 = 
| 출생일 = {{출생일과 나이|1913|8|30}}
| 출생지 = [[중화민국 (1912년~1949년)|중화민국]] [[쓰촨성]] [[청두시]]
| 사망일 = {{사망일과 나이|2007|12|2|1913|8|30}}
| 사망지 = [[스코틀랜드]] [[애든버러]]
| 국적 = 
| 학력 = [[에든버러 대학교]], [[옥스퍼드 대학교]], [[바젤 대학교]]
| 경력 = 
| 직업 = [[신학자]]
| 병역 = 
| 활동기간 = 
| 소속 = 
| 종교 = 
| 배우자 = 
| 상훈 = 
| 웹사이트 = 
}}
'''토마스 포시스 토렌스'''(Thomas&nbsp; Forsyth Torrance, 1913년 8월 30일~2007년 12월 2일)는 [[스코틀랜드]]의 개신교 신학자였다.

T. F. 토렌스라고 일반적으로 언급한다. 그는 유명한 [[토마스 토렌스]]의 아들로 27년 동안 에딘버그 뉴 컬러지와 [[에든버러 대학교|에딘버그 대학]]에서 기독교 교리사를 강의하였다.
교회의 신학 이해에 끼친 토렌스의 공헌은 [[카를 바르트|칼 바르트]]를 영어권 세계에 소개했고, 무엇보다도 초대 교부들의 연구의 중요성을 서구교회 에 알린 것이다. 그의 중요한 신학적 기여는 다른 신학자들은 물론 [[장 칼뱅|칼빈]]의 17세기 계승자들조차 깨 닫지 못한 칼빈의 신학적 천재성을 인식하고 이해했다는 것이다. 그러나 무엇보다 토렌스의 가장 중요한 업적은 바로 과학분야에 있다. [[인문과학]]과 [[신학]]에 정통한 토렌스는 과학적 논리와 현대 물리학 분야에 15년이상을 연구하면서 신학과 과학의 통합적 사고에 삶을 바쳤다.<ref>{{웹 인용 |url=https://www.lifebook.co.kr/final/book/writer01_new_search02.asp?W=12486 |제목=토렌스 |확인날짜=2017-10-13 |보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014033923/https://www.lifebook.co.kr/final/book/writer01_new_search02.asp?W=12486 |보존날짜=2017-10-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 칼빈신학뿐만 아니라 [[칼빈의 해석학]]에서도 중요한 공헌을 하였다. 토마스 [[토렌스 가문]]의 장남이며 제임스 토랜스의 형이다. 그의 아들은 프린스턴 신학교의 교장이었던  [[이안 토렌스]]이다

== 신학 ==
그는 [[웨스트민스터 신앙고백]]에 대한 비판을 가한 대표적인 신학자이다.  그는 이 신앙고백이 [[구원의 순서]]라는 중세신학적인 면을 도입하였기 때문에 [[존 칼빈]]과 정반대의 길을 가게 되었가고 주장하였다.  또한 신앙고백이 연방신학([[언약신학]])을 도입하였기 때문에 매우 율법적이며, 헌법적인 성격을 갖게 되었다고 비판하였다.  그는 그리스도와의 연합교리가 신앙고백에 빠져 있는 것이 [[구원의 순서]]를 도입한 결과라고 주장하였다.<ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/858901073|제목=The theology of the Westminster standards : historical context and theological insights|성=Fesko, J. V., 1970-|이름=|날짜=|판=|출판사=|위치=Wheaton, Illinois|쪽=249|장=|isbn=978-1-4335-3311-2}}</ref>

== 저서들 ==

* ''The Doctrine of Grace in the Apostolic Fathers''. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1948
* ''Calvin’s Doctrine of Man''. London: Lutterworth Press, 1949.
* ''Kingdom and Church: A Study in the Theology of the Reformation'', Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1956.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, ''Church Dogmatics'' I/2 ''The Doctrine of the Word of God. Prolegomena'', Part 2, translated by G.T. Thomson and H. Knight. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1956.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, ''Church Dogmatics'' IV/1 ''The Doctrine of Reconciliation'', Part I, translated by G.W. Bromiley. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1956.
* ''When Christ Comes and Comes Again''. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1957.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, ''Church Dogmatics'' II/1, ''The Doctrine of God'', translated by T.H.L. Parker, W.B. Johnston, H.Knight and J.L.M. Haire. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1957.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, ''Church Dogmatics'' II/2, ''The Doctrine of God'', translated by G.W. Bromiley, J.C. Campbell, I. Wilson, J. Strathern McNab, H. Knight and R.A. Stewart. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1957.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, ''Church Dogmatics'' III/1, ''The Doctrine of Creation'', Part 1, translated by J.W. Edwards, O. Bussey and H. Knight. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1958.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, ''Church Dogmatics'' IV/2, Part 2, ''The Doctrine of Reconciliation'', translated by G.W. Bromiley. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1958.
* ''The Apocalypse Today''. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1959.
* ''Conflict and Agreement in the Church, I: Order and Disorder''. London: Lutterworth Press, 1959.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, ''Church Dogmatics'' III/2. ''The Doctrine of Creation'', Part 2, Translated by H. Knight, J.K.S. Reid, G.W. Bromiley and R.H. Fuller. Edinburgh, T&T Clark, 1960.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, ''Church Dogmatics'' III/3. ''The Doctrine of Creation'', Part 3, Translated by G.W. Bromiley and R. Ehrlich. Edinburgh, T&T Clark, 1960.
* "Justification: Its Radical Nature and Place in Reformed Doctrine and Life," SJT 13 (1960) 240.
* ''Conflict and Agreement in the Church, II: The Ministry and Sacraments of the Gospel''. London: Lutterworth Press, 1960.
* ''Karl Barth: an Introduction to his Early Theology, 1910-1931''. London: SCM Press; New York: Harper & Row, 1962.
* "Scientific Hermeneutics according to St. Thomas Aquinas." The Journal of Theological Studies XIII.2 (October, 1962): 259-89.
* Coedited with D.W. Torrance, ''Calvin's Commentaries, The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians'', translated by T.A. Smail. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1964.
* ''Theology in Reconstruction''. London: SCM Press Ltd, 1965.
* Coedited with D.W. Torrance, ''Calvin's Commentaries, The Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians and Colossians'', translated by T.H.L Parker. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1965.
* Coedited with D.W. Torrance, ''Calvin's Commentaries, The Acts of the Apostles 14-26'', translated by J.W. Fraser. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1966.
* Coedited with D.W. Torrance, ''Calvin's Commentaries, A Harmony of the Gospels: Matthew, Mark and Luke'', 3 vols. Vols 1 and 3 translated by A.W. Morrison and vol. 2 translated by T.H.L. Parker. Edinburgh: Saint Andrew Press, 1972; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1968.
* ''Space, Time and Incarnation''. London: Oxford University Press, 1969
* ''Theological Science''. London: Oxford University Press, 1969.
* "The Problem of Natural Theology in the Thought of Karl Barth." ''[[Religious Studies (journal)|Religious Studies]]'' 6 (1970): 121-35.
* ''God and Rationality''. London: Oxford University Press, 1971.
* "The Relation of the Incarnation to Space in Nicene Theology," ''The Ecumenical World of Orthodox Civilization: Russia and Orthodoxy''. vol. 3. (''Essays in Honor of Georges Florovsky'') ed. Andrew Blane. Paris: Mouton, 1974.
* ''Theology in Reconciliation: Essays towards Evangelical and Catholic Unity in East and West''. London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1975.
* "Toward Ecumenical Consensus on the Trinity," ''Theologische Zeitschrift'' 31 (1975) 337-50.
* ''Space, Time and Resurrection''. Edinburgh: Handsel Press, 1976
* ''The Ground and Grammar of Theology''. Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia, 1980.
* ''Christian Theology and Scientific Culture,'' vol. 1 of series, ''Theology and Scientific Culture,'' edited with General Forward by Torrance. New Edition. Belfast: Christian Journals; New York: Oxford University Press, 1981
* ''Divine and Contingent Order''. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.
* ''The Incarnation: Ecumenical Studies in the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed''. Edinburgh: The Handsel Press, 1981.
* ''Reality and Evangelical Theology''. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1982.
* ''A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field'', [[James Clerk Maxwell]], edited by Torrance, [[Scottish Academic Press]], February 1983, {{ISBN|0-7073-0324-9}}
* "The Deposit of Faith." The Scottish Journal of Theology 36.1 (1983): 1-28.
* ''Transformation & Convergence in the Frame of Knowledge: Explorations in the Interrelations of Scientific and Theological Enterprise''. Belfast: Christian Journals; Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1984.
* ''The Christian Frame of Mind''. Edinburgh: Handsel Press, 1985
* ''Reality and Scientific Theology'' . The Margaret Harris Lectures, Dundee, 1970 (''Theology and Science at the Frontiers of Knowledge, vol 1''). Edinburgh: Scottish University Press, 1985
* "My Interaction with Karl Barth." In ''How Karl Barth Changed My Mind'', edited by Donald K. McKim, 52-64. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1986.
* "Karl Barth and Patristic Theology," in ''Theology Beyond Christendom: Essays on the Centenary of the Birth of Karl Barth May 10, 1986''. ed. John Thompson. Allison Park, PA: Pickwich, 1986, 215-39.
* "Theological Realism." In ''The Philosophical Frontiers of Christian Theology: Essays Presented to D. M. MacKinnon''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, 169-96.
* ''The Hermeneutics of John Calvin''. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1988.
* ''The Trinitarian Faith: The Evangelical Theology of the Ancient Catholic Church''. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1988.
* ''Karl Barth, Biblical and Evangelical Theologian''. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1990.
* ''The Mediation of Christ''. Colorado Springs: Helmers & Howard, 1992.
* ''Royal Priesthood: A Theology of Ordained Ministry''. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1993.
* Ed. Theological Dialogue Between Orthodox and Reformed Churches, 2 Vols. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1985-1993.
* ''Trinitarian Perspectives: Toward Doctrinal Agreement''. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1994.
* ''Preaching Christ Today: The Gospel and Scientific Thinking''. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1994.
* ''Divine Meaning: Studies in Patristic Hermeneutics''. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1995.
* "The Uniqueness of Divine Revelation and the Authority of the Scriptures: The Creed Associations's Statement." ''[[Scottish Bulletin of Evangelical Theology]]'' 13 (Aut. 1995): 97-101.
* ''The Christian Doctrine of God, One Being Three Persons''. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1996.
* ''Kingdom and Church: A Study in the Theology of the Reformation''. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock, 1996.
* [https://www.amazon.com/Scottish-Theology-John-McLeod-Campbell/dp/0567085325/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=scottish+theology+Torrance&qid=1593450463&sr=8-1 ''Scottish Theology: From John Knox to John McLeod Campbell''. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1996.]
* ''Theological and Natural Science''. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock, 2002.
* ''The Doctrine of Jesus Christ''. Eugene Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2002.
* ''Incarnation: The Person and Life of Christ''. Edited by Robert T. Walker. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 2008.
* ''Atonement: The Person and Work of Christ''. Edited by Robert T. Walker. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 2009.
* [[iarchive:schooloffaithcat00torr/page/n17/mode/2up|''The School of Faith : the Catechisms of the Reformed Church.'' 1959.]]

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[토렌스 가문]]

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

{{전거 통제}}


[[분류:1913년 출생]]
[[분류:2007년 사망]]
[[분류:스코틀랜드의 성직자]]
[[분류:에든버러 대학교 교수]]
[[분류:조직신학자]]
[[분류:템플턴상 수상자]]
[[분류:에든버러 대학교 동문]]
[[분류:옥스퍼드 대학교 동문]]
[[분류:바젤 대학교 동문]]
[[분류:대영제국 훈장 구성원]]
[[분류:에든버러 왕립학회 석학회원]]