{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{VG 역사}}
'''아케이드 비디오 게임의 황금기'''({{lang|en|golden age of arcade video games}})는 1970년대 후반부터 1980년대 초반까지, [[아케이드 비디오 게임]]의 기술적 성취, 문화적 영향 및 급격한 시장 성장을 이룬 기간을 가리킨다. 이 시기는 1978년 《[[스페이스 인베이더]]》의 발매로 출발해, 1979년 이에 영향을 받은 《[[갤럭시안]]》이나 [[벡터 모니터]] 사용 게임 《[[아스테로이즈 (비디오 게임)|아스테로이즈]]》 등 저비용·고성능 신 컴퓨터 기술로 무장한 [[진행형 슈팅 게임]]들이 등장했다. 이후 아케이드 비디오 게임은 흑백화면에서 벗어난 화려한 미감의 그래픽을 이용한 《[[프로거]]》와 《[[센티피드]]》같은 작품들로 진화했다.

이 시기에 비디오 게임 전용 [[전자 오락실]]은 대중 문화의 주축으로 자리잡았으며 신종 게임들의 무대로 변신됐다. 아직 구분이 희미했던 [[비디오 게임 장르]]이 서서히 윤곽이 잡히기 시작해, 우주 배경 슈팅 게임 《[[디펜더]]》와 《[[갤러가]]》, [[미로 게임]]의 기틀을 잡은 《[[팩맨]]》, 3D 시점을 이용한 운전 및 [[경주 게임]], 그리고 《[[동키콩 (1981년 비디오 게임)|동키콩]]》을 위시한 초창기 [[플랫폼 게임]] 등이 나타났다. 이 당시 게임들은 팩맨, [[마리오]], [[큐버트]] 등 이름이 있는 캐릭터를 내세워 음악, 애니메이션, 영화 등 다른 매체로 진출했다.

== 최다 판매 아케이드 게임 목록 ==
아케이드 게임의 경우 오락실 운영자에게 판매한 [[아케이드 캐비넷]] 수량, 주입된 [[미국 쿼터 주화|미화 쿼터]]나 [[100엔 동전]]들을 합친 발생총수익, 혹은 하드웨어 판매수익으로 성공여부를 결정했다.<ref>{{인용|title=The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to PlayStation and Beyond|author=Mark J. P. Wolf|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0-313-33868-7|page=275|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XiM0ntMybNwC&pg=PA275|quote=What are the best-selling video games? There are a number of factors to consider when attempting to answer this question. First, there are several different types of video games, which makes comparisons difficult, or perhaps unfair. Arcade games are played for a quarter a play (although some are 50 cents, or even more), while home games are bought outright, and their systems must be purchased as well.}}</ref> 다음은 하드웨어 판매량이 1만 대 이상인 게임만을 수록한다.
* 《[[스페이스 인베이더]]》 (750,000대)<ref name="invaders_sales">{{잡지 인용|title=After ''Pong'' |magazine=[[ACE (magazine)|ACE]] |date=4 February 1988 |issue=6 (March 1988) |pages=29–32 (29) |url=https://archive.org/details/ACE_Issue_06_1988-03_Future_Publishing_GB/page/n28/mode/1up}}</ref>
* 《[[팩맨]]》 (400,000대)<ref name="Kao 1989 45">{{서적 인용|last=Kao|first=John J.|title=Entrepreneurship, creativity & organization: text, cases & readings|year=1989|publisher=[[Prentice Hall]]|location=Englewood Cliffs, NJ|isbn=0-13-283011-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-MJAQAAMAAJ|author-link=John Kao|access-date=February 12, 2012|page=45|quote=Estimates counted 7 billion coins that by 1982 had been inserted into some 400,000 Pac Man machines worldwide, equal to one game of Pac Man for every person on earth. US domestic revenues from games and licensing of the Pac Man image for T-shirts, pop songs, to wastepaper baskets, etc. exceeded $1 billion.}}</ref>
* 《[[동키콩 (1981년 비디오 게임)|동키콩]]》 (132,000대)<ref name="dk_sales">''Donkey Kong'' sales:
* Japan: 65,000 of ''[[Donkey Kong (video game)|Donkey Kong]]''
** {{서적 인용|author=Brian Ashcraft ; with Jean Snow. ; forewords by Kevin Williams|title=Arcade Mania: The Turbo-charged World of Japan's Game Centers|year=2008|publisher=[[Kodansha|Kodansha International]]|location=Tokyo|isbn=978-4-7700-3078-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wX8kAQAAIAAJ&q="sixty-five+thousand"|edition=1st|author2=Crecente, Brian |access-date=February 12, 2012|quote=Jumpman hopped over barrels, climbed ladders, and jumped from suspended platform to suspended platform as he tried to rescue a damsel from his pissed-off pet gorilla. The game was a smash, and sixty-five thousand cabinets were sold in Japan, propping up the then-struggling Nintendo and laying the groundwork for Nintendo and ''Donkey Kong'' creator Shigeru Miyamoto to dominate gaming throughout the 1980s and beyond.}}
* United States: 67,000 of ''Donkey Kong''
** {{웹 인용|last=Bienaimé|first=Pierre|title=Square Roots: Donkey Kong (NES)|url=http://www.nintendojo.com/features/columns/square-roots/square-roots-donkey-kong-nes|publisher=Nintendojo|access-date=April 8, 2012|date=January 13, 2012|quote=Donkey Kong sold some 67,000 arcade cabinets in two years, making two of its American distributors sudden millionaires thanks to paid commission. As a barometer of success, know that Pac-Man and Ms. Pac-Man are the only arcade games to have sold over 100,000 units in the United States.}}
* United States: 30,000 of ''[[Donkey Kong Jr.]]''
** {{인용|author=Steven L. Kent|year=2001|title=The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story behind the Craze that Touched Our Lives and Changed the World|publisher=[[Prima Games|Prima]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C2MH05ogU9oC|page=352|isbn=9780761536437|quote=With more than 60,000 units sold in the United States, ''Donkey Kong'' was Nintendo's biggest arcade hit. The arcade industry began its long collapse the year after Donkey Kong was released, and Nintendo's arcade fortunes eroded quickly. Nintendo released ''Donkey Kong Junior'' in 1982 and sold only 30,000 machines, 20,000 ''Popeye'' machines (also 1982), and a mere 5000 copies of ''Donkey Kong 3'' (1983).}}</ref>
* 《[[미스 팩맨]]》 (125,000대)<ref name="mspac_sales">{{뉴스 인용|title=Bally Will Quit Making Pinball, Video Machines|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4FtQAAAAIBAJ&pg=6893,2823984|newspaper=[[Toledo Blade]]|date=11 July 1988|page=22}}</ref>
* 《[[아스테로이즈 (비디오 게임)|아스테로이즈]]》 (100,000대)<ref name="kent_asteroids">{{인용|title=The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world|author=Steve L. Kent|publisher=[[Prima Games|Prima]]|year=2001|isbn=0-7615-3643-4|page=132|quote=Atari sold more than 70,000 Asteroids machines in the United States. The game did not do as well in Europe and Asia, however. Only about 30,000 units were sold overseas.}}</ref>
* 《[[디펜더]]》 (70,000대)<ref name="defender_sales">{{서적 인용|last1=Horowitz |first1=Ken |title=Beyond Donkey Kong: A History of Nintendo Arcade Games |date=6 August 2020 |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |isbn=978-1-4766-8420-8 |page=200 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y3D0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200}}</ref>
* 《[[센티피드]]》 (55,988대)<ref name="atari_production">{{웹 인용|title=Atari Production Numbers Memo |url=http://www.atarigames.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=47:atari-production-numbers-memo&catid=5:atari-inter-office-memos&Itemid=5 |publisher=[[Atari Games]] |access-date=March 18, 2012 |date=January 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120084806/http://www.atarigames.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=47%3Aatari-production-numbers-memo&catid=5%3Aatari-inter-office-memos&Itemid=5 |archive-date=January 20, 2013 }}</ref>
* 《[[갤럭시안]]》 (미국 기준 50,000대)<ref name="galaxian1">{{서적 인용|last1=Bloom |first1=Steve |title=Video Invaders |publisher=Arco Publishing |year=1982 |isbn=978-0-668-05520-8 |page=24 |url=https://archive.org/details/book_video_invaders/page/n44}}</ref>
* 《[[하이퍼 올림픽]]》 (일본 기준 38,000대)<ref>{{서적 인용|title=RePlay |date=January 1984}}</ref>
* 《[[동키콩 Jr.]]》 (미국 기준 30,000대)<ref name="dk_sales"/>
* 《[[가라데 챔프]]》 (미국 기준 30,000대)<ref name="GM259">{{잡지 인용|title=Overseas Readers Column|magazine=[[:ja:ゲームマシン|Game Machine]]|issue=259|publisher=[[:ja:アミューズメント通信社|Amusement Press, Inc.]]|date=1 May 1985|page=22|lang=ja|url=https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19850501p.pdf#page=12}}</ref>
* 《[[미스터 도]]》 (미국 기준 30,000대)<ref name="Steve L. Kent 2001 352">{{인용|title=The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world|author=Steve L. Kent|publisher=[[Prima Games|Prima]]|year=2001|isbn=0-7615-3643-4|page=352|quote=In 1982, Universal Sales made arcade history with a game called Mr Do! Instead of selling dedicated Mr Do! machines, Universal sold the game as a kit. The kit came with a customized control panel, a computer board with Mr Do! read-only memory (ROM) chips, stickers that could be placed on the side of stand-up arcade machines for art, and a plastic marquee. It was the first game ever sold as a conversion only. According to former Universal Sales western regional sales manager Joe Morici, the company sold approximately 30,000 copies of the game in the United States alone.}}</ref>
* 《[[템페스트]]》 (29,000대)<ref name="atari_memo2">{{웹 인용|last=Fujihara|first=Mary|title=Inter Office Memo|url=http://www.atarigames.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49:atari-sales-estimates-for-other-manufactures-2&catid=5:atari-inter-office-memos&Itemid=5|publisher=[[Atari]]|access-date=March 18, 2012|date=November 2, 1983|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006081923/http://www.atarigames.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49:atari-sales-estimates-for-other-manufactures-2&catid=5:atari-inter-office-memos&Itemid=5|url-status=}}</ref>
* 《[[큐버트]]》 (25,000대)<ref>{{서적 인용|title=The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world|url=https://archive.org/details/ultimatehistoryo0000kent|author=Steve L. Kent|publisher=[[Prima Games|Prima]]|year=2001|isbn=0-7615-3643-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/ultimatehistoryo0000kent/page/224 224]|quote=Gottlieb sold approximately 25,000 Q*Bert arcade machines.}}</ref>
* 《[[로보트론: 2084]]》 (23,000대)<ref name="atari_memo2"/>
* 《[[디그 더그]]》 (미국 기준 22,228대)<ref name="atari_production"/>
* 《[[폴 포지션 (비디오 게임)|폴 포지션]]》 (미국 기준 21,000대)<ref name="atari_memo2"/>
* 《[[뽀빠이 (비디오 게임)|뽀빠이]]》 (미국 기준 20,000대)<ref name="Kent-352">{{인용|author=Steven L. Kent|year=2001|title=The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story behind the Craze that Touched Our Lives and Changed the World|publisher=[[Prima Games|Prima]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C2MH05ogU9oC|page=352|isbn=9780761536437|quote=With more than 60,000 units sold in the United States, Donkey Kong was Nintendo's biggest arcade hit. ... Nintendo released Donkey Kong Junior in 1982 and sold only 30,000 machines, 20,000 Popeye machines (also 1982), and a mere 5000 copies of Donkey J (1983).}}</ref>
* 《[[미사일 커맨드]]》 (20,000대)<ref>{{서적 인용|title=The essential guide to Flash games : building interactive entertainment with ActionScript 3.0|year=2010|publisher=Friends of ED|location=[Berkeley, Calif.]|isbn=978-1-4302-2614-7|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VCR7XYUncEsC&pg=PA138|author=Jeff Fulton|edition=New|author2=Steve Fulton|access-date=February 7, 2012|page=138|chapter=A short history of Missile Command|quote=While certainly not the size of Asteroids, the game was still a huge hit with almost 20,000 units sold.}}</ref>
* 《[[정글 헌트]]》 (미국 기준 18,000대)<ref name="atari_memo1">{{웹 인용|last=Fujihara|first=Mary|title=Inter Office Memo|url=http://www.atarigames.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48:atari-sales-estimates-for-other-manufactures-games&catid=5:atari-inter-office-memos&Itemid=5|publisher=[[Atari]]|access-date=March 18, 2012|date=July 25, 1983|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006092027/http://www.atarigames.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48:atari-sales-estimates-for-other-manufactures-games&catid=5:atari-inter-office-memos&Itemid=5|url-status=}}</ref>
* 《[[드래곤즈 레어]]》 (16,000대)<ref name="kent_lair">{{인용|title=The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world|author=Steve L. Kent|publisher=[[Prima Games|Prima]]|year=2001|isbn=0-7615-3643-4|page=225|quote=Cinematronics sold more than 16,000 Dragon's Lair machines in 1983, for an average price of $4300. Coleco purchased the home rights to the game, giving Cinematronics an additional $2 million.}}</ref>
* 《[[버저크]]》 (15,780대)<ref name="stern_production_numbers">{{웹 인용|title=Stern Production Numbers and More CCI Photos|url=http://www.tokensonly.com/2012/05/misc/stern-production-numbers-and-more-cci-photos/|access-date=21 July 2013|date=1 May 2012}}</ref>
* 《[[스크램블]]》 (미국 기준 15,136대)<ref name="stern_production_numbers"/>
* 《[[배틀존]]》 (15,122대)<ref name="atari_production99">{{웹 인용 |title=Production Numbers |url=http://www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf |publisher=[[Atari]] |year=1999 |access-date=September 12, 2013 |archive-date=2013-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120084729/http://www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 《[[챔피언 베이스볼]]》 (일본 기준 15,000대)<ref name="CB">{{잡지 인용|title=#1 Game In Japan: Sega Electronics To Bring 'Champion Baseball' Vid to U.S. |magazine=[[Cash Box]] |date=June 16, 1983 |pages=33–4 |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1983/CB-1983-06-18.pdf#page=33}}</ref>
* 《[[스타게이트]]》 (15,000대)<ref name="atari_memo2"/>
* 《[[스타워즈]]》 (12,695대)<ref name="atari_production"/>
* 《[[슈퍼 코브라]]》 (미국 기준 12,337대)<ref name="stern_production_numbers"/>
* 《[[스페이스 듀얼]]》 (12,038대)<ref name="atari_production"/>
* 《[[아타리 풋볼]]》 (11,306대)<ref name="atari_production99"/>
* 《[[지 비]]》 (10,000대)<ref name="4Gamer">{{웹 인용|last1=Kurokawa |first1=Fumio |title=ビデオゲームの語り部たち 第4部：石村繁一氏が語るナムコの歴史と創業者・中村雅哉氏の魅力 |url=https://www.4gamer.net/games/999/G999905/20180313040/ |language=ja |website=[[4Gamer]] |publisher=Aetas |access-date=2 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801205701/https://www.4gamer.net/games/999/G999905/20180313040/ |archive-date=1 August 2019 |date=17 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[아케이드 캐비넷]]
* [[아케이드 비디오 게임 목록]]
== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

[[분류:비디오 게임의 역사]]
[[분류:아케이드 비디오 게임| ]]