{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields  = changed
| verifiedrevid  = 450796811
| Name           = 삼염화 인
| ImageFile      = Phosphorus-trichloride-2D-dimensions.png
| ImageName      = Phosphorus trichloride
| ImageFile1     = Phosphorus-trichloride-3D-vdW.png
| ImageName1     = Phosphorus trichloride
| ImageFile2     = Phosphorus trichloride 25ml.jpg
| ImageSize2     = 250px
| IUPACName      = Phosphorus trichloride
| SystematicName = Trichlorophosphane
| OtherNames     = Phosphorus(III) chloride<br/>Phosphorous chloride
| Section1       = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 7719-12-2
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII = M97C0A6S8U
| EINECS = 231-749-3
| PubChem = 24387
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 22798
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 30334
| SMILES = ClP(Cl)Cl
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI=1S/Cl3P/c1-4(2)3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| RTECS = TH3675000
| UNNumber = 1809
  }}
| Section2       = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = PCl<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 137.33 g/mol
| Appearance = Colorless to yellow fuming liquid<ref name=PGCH/>
| Odor = unpleasant, acrid, like [[hydrochloric acid]]<ref name=PGCH/>
| Solubility = [[Hydrolysis reaction|hydrolyzes]]
| Solvent = other solvents
| SolubleOther = soluble{{vague|date=February 2013}} in [[benzene]], [[carbon disulfide|CS<sub>2</sub>]], [[diethyl ether|ether]], [[chloroform]], [[carbon tetrachloride|CCl<sub>4</sub>]], halogenated [[organic solvents]] <br/> reacts with [[ethanol]]
| MeltingPtC = -93.6
| BoilingPtC = 76.1
| Density = 1.574 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| Dipole = 0.97 [[Debye|D]]
| RefractIndex = 1.5122 (21 °C)
| Viscosity = 0.65 cP (0 °C) <br/> 0.438 cP (50 °C)
| VaporPressure = 13.3 kPa
| MagSus = &minus;63.4·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
  }}
| Section4       = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = &minus;319.7 kJ/mol
  }}
| Section7       = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = Highly toxic,<ref>Phosphorus trichloride toxicity</ref> corrosive
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc06/icsc0696.htm ICSC 0696]
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS06}} {{GHS08}} {{GHS05}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| GHS_ref  =<ref name ="Sigma">{{Sigma-Aldrich|id=310115|name=Phosphorus trichloride|access-date=28/1/2020}}</ref>
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|300|301|330|314|373}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|273|284|305+351+338|304+340+310|303+361+353}}
| NFPA-H = 4
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 2
| NFPA-S = W
| FlashPt =
| LD50 = 18 mg/kg (rat, oral)<ref name=IDLH>{{IDLH|7719122|Phosphorus trichloride}}</ref>
| IDLH = 25 ppm<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0511}}</ref>
| LC50 = 104 ppm (rat, 4 hr)<br/>50 ppm (guinea pig, 4 hr)<ref name=IDLH/>
| REL = TWA 0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) ST 0.5 ppm (3 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH/>
| PEL = TWA 0.5 ppm (3 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH/>
  }}
| Section8       = {{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label = phosphorus chlorides
| OtherFunction = [[Phosphorus pentachloride]]<br/>[[Phosphorus oxychloride]]<br/>[[Diphosphorus tetrachloride]]
| OtherCompounds = [[Phosphorus trifluoride]]<br/>[[Phosphorus tribromide]]<br/>[[Phosphorus triiodide]]
  }}
}}
'''삼염화 인'''(Phosphorus trichloride)은 [[화학식]] PCl<sub>3</sub>을 갖는 [[무기 화합물]]이다. 순수할 때 무색의 액체이며 [[아인산 에스터]]와 기타 [[유기 인 화합물]]들을 제조하기 위해 사용되는 중요한 [[화학공업|산업화학물]]이다. 독성이 있으며 물과 쉽게 반응하여 [[염화 수소]]를 만들어 낸다.

== 역사 ==
삼염화 인은 1808년 프랑스의 화학자 [[조제프 루이 게이뤼삭]]과 [[루이 자크 테나르]]가 [[칼로멜]]을 [[인]]과 함께 가열함으로써 처음 만들었다.<ref>{{저널 인용|last1=Gay-Lussac|last2=Thénard|title=Extrait de plusieurs notes sur les métaux de la potasse et de la soude, lues à l'Institut depuis le 12 janvier jusqu'au 16 mai|journal=Gazette Nationale, Ou le Moniteur Universel|date=27 May 1808|volume=40|issue=148|pages=581–582|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRROAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA581|trans-title=Extracts from several notes on the metals potassium and sodium, read at the Institute from the 12th of January to the 16th of May|language=fr}} From p. 582:  ''"Seulement ils ont rapporté qu'en traitant le mercure doux par le phosphure, dans l'espérance d'avoir de l'acide muriatique bien sec, il ont trouvé une liqueur nouvelle très limpide, sans couleur, répandant de fortes vapeurs, s'enflammant spontanément lorsqu'on en imbibe le papier joseph; laquelle ne paraît être qu'une combinaison de phosphore, d'oxigène et d'acide muriatique, et par conséquent analogue à cette qu'on obtient en traitant le soufre par le gas acide muriatique oxigèné."'' (Only they reported that by treating calomel with phosphorus, in the hope of obtaining very dry hydrogen chloride, they found a new, very clear liquid, colorless, giving off strong vapors, spontaneously igniting when one soaks filter paper in it; which seems to be only a compound of phosphorus, oxygen, and hydrochloric acid, and thus analogous to what one obtains by treating sulfur with chlorine gas.)</ref>

== 준비 ==
:P<sub>4</sub> + 6 Cl<sub>2</sub> → 4 PCl<sub>3</sub>

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[오염화 인]]
== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

{{인 화합물}}
{{염화물}}
{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:염화물]]
[[분류:인(III) 화합물]]