{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
'''[[칼륨]]''' ('''K''')은 <sup>32</sup>K에서 <sup>56</sup>K까지 25 종의 [[동위 원소]]가 알려져 있다. 이 중 자연적으로 산출되는 것은 안정 동위 원소인 <sup>39</sup>K (93.3%), <sup>41</sup>K (6.7%)와 방사성 동위 원소인 [[칼륨-40|<sup>40</sup>K]] (0.012%)이다.<ref>{{저널 인용|성1=Garner|이름1=E. L.|성2=Murphy|이름2=T. J.|성3=Gramlich|이름3=J. W.|성4=Paulsen|이름4=P. J.|성5=Barnes|이름5=I. L. |제목=Absolute Isotopic Abundance Ratios and the Atomic Weight of a Reference Sample of Potassium |저널=J Res Natl Bur Stand A Phys Chem. |날짜=1975년 |권=79A |호=6 |쪽=713-725 |doi=10.6028/jres.079A.028 |pmid=32184525 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6589417/}}</ref> 

== [[칼륨-아르곤 연대 측정]] ==
{{본문|칼륨-아르곤 연대 측정}}
[[칼륨-아르곤 연대 측정]]은 칼륨의 동위 원소인 <sup>40</sup>K를 이용해 암석의 절대 연령을 측정하는 방사선 연대 측정법의 일종이다. 

== 표 ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; white-space:nowrap"
! rowspan="2" | 핵종<br />기호
! Z([[양성자|p]])
! N([[중성자|n]])
! &nbsp;<br />동위 원소 질량 (u)<br />&nbsp;
! rowspan="2" | 반감기
! rowspan=2|붕괴<br />방식<ref>http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx</ref>
! rowspan=2|붕괴<br />생성물<ref group="n"> 굵은 글꼴은 안정 동위 원소, 굵은 기울임꼴은 감기가 우주의 나이보다 긴 동위 원소(거의 안정적)</ref>
! rowspan="2" | 핵<br />스핀
! rowspan="2" | 전형적<br />동위 원소<br />구성비<br />(몰 분율)
|-
! colspan="3" | 들뜬 에너지
|-
| <sup>32</sup>K
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| 32.02192(54)#
| unknown
| [[양성자 방출|p]]
| <sup>31</sup>Ar
| 1+#
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>32m</sup>K
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 950(100)# keV
| unknown
|
|
| 4+#
|
|-
| <sup>33</sup>K
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | 14
| 33.00726(21)#
| <25 ns
| p
| <sup>32</sup>Ar
| (3/2+)#
|
|-
| <sup>34</sup>K
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | 15
| 33.99841(32)#
| <25 ns
| p
| <sup>33</sup>Ar
| 1+#
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>35</sup>K
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 16
| rowspan=2|34.988010(21)
| rowspan=2|178(8) ms
| [[베타 붕괴|β<sup>+</sup>]] (99.63%)
| <sup>35</sup>Ar
| rowspan=2|3/2+
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (.37%)
| <sup>34</sup>Cl
|-
| rowspan=3|<sup>36</sup>K
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 17
| rowspan=3|35.981292(8)
| rowspan=3|342(2) ms
| β<sup>+</sup> (99.94%)
| '''<sup>36</sup>Ar'''
| rowspan=3|2+
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (.048%)
| '''<sup>35</sup>Cl'''
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>, [[알파 붕괴|α]] (.012%)
| '''<sup>32</sup>S'''
|-
| <sup>37</sup>K
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | 18
| 36.97337589(10)
| 1.226(7) s
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>37</sup>Ar
| 3/2+
|
|-
| <sup>38</sup>K
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| 37.9690812(5)
| 7.636(18) min
| β<sup>+</sup>
| '''<sup>38</sup>Ar'''
| 3+
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>38m1</sup>K
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130.50(28) keV
| 924.2(3) ms
|
|
| 0+
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>38m2</sup>K
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3458.0(2) keV
| 21.98(11) µs
|
|
| (7+),(5+)
|
|-
| <sup>39</sup>K
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | 20
| 38.96370668(20)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''안정'''
| 3/2+
| 0.932581(44)
|-
| rowspan=3|[[칼륨-40|<sup>40</sup>K]]<ref group="n"> [[칼륨-아르곤 연대 측정 ]]에 사용된다.</ref><ref group="n">[[원시 핵종|원시]] [[방사성 핵종]]</ref>
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 21
| rowspan=3|39.96399848(21)
| rowspan=3|'''1.248(3)×10<sup>9</sup> year'''
| β<sup>-</sup> (89.28%)
| '''<sup>40</sup>Ca'''
| rowspan=3|4-
| rowspan=3|1.17(1)×10<sup>−4</sup>
|-
| [[전자 포획|ε]] (10.72%)
| rowspan=2|'''<sup>40</sup>Ar'''
|-
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (0.001%)<ref>{{저널 인용
| volume = 126
| issue = 5
| pages = 1818
| last = Engelkemeir
| first = D.W.
| last2 = Flynn
| first2 = K.F.
| last3 = Glendenin
| first3 = L.E.
| title = Positron Emission in the Decay of K40
| journal = Physical Review
| date = 1962
| doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.126.1818
| url = http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.126.1818
|bibcode = 1962PhRv..126.1818E }}</ref>
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>40m</sup>K
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1643.639(11) keV
| 336(12) ns
|
|
| 0+
|
|-
| <sup>41</sup>K
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | 22
| 40.96182576(21)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''안정'''
| 3/2+
| 0.067302(44)
|-
| <sup>42</sup>K
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | 23
| 41.96240281(24)
| 12.360(12) h
| β<sup>-</sup>
| '''<sup>42</sup>Ca'''
| 2-
|
|-
| <sup>43</sup>K
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | 24
| 42.960716(10)
| 22.3(1) h
| β<sup>-</sup>
| '''<sup>43</sup>Ca'''
| 3/2+
|
|-
| <sup>44</sup>K
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | 25
| 43.96156(4)
| 22.13(19) min
| β<sup>-</sup>
| '''<sup>44</sup>Ca'''
| 2-
|
|-
| <sup>45</sup>K
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | 26
| 44.960699(11)
| 17.3(6) min
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>45</sup>Ca
| 3/2+
|
|-
| <sup>46</sup>K
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | 27
| 45.961977(17)
| 105(10) s
| β<sup>-</sup>
| '''''<sup>46</sup>Ca'''''
| 2(-)
|
|-
| <sup>47</sup>K
| style="text-align:right" | 19
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| 46.961678(9)
| 17.50(24) s
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>47</sup>Ca
| 1/2+
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>48</sup>K
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2|47.965514(26)
| rowspan=2|6.8(2) s
| β<sup>-</sup> (98.86%)
| '''''<sup>48</sup>Ca'''''
| rowspan=2|(2-)
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup>, [[중성자 방출|n]] (1.14%)
| <sup>47</sup>Ca
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>49</sup>K
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 30
| rowspan=2|48.96745(8)
| rowspan=2|1.26(5) s
| β<sup>-</sup>, n (86%)
| '''''<sup>48</sup>Ca'''''
| rowspan=2|(3/2+)
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup> (14%)
| <sup>49</sup>Ca
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>50</sup>K
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 31
| rowspan=2|49.97278(30)
| rowspan=2|472(4) ms
| β<sup>-</sup> (71%)
| <sup>50</sup>Ca
| rowspan=2|(0-,1,2-)
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup>, n (29%)
| <sup>49</sup>Ca
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>51</sup>K
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 32
| rowspan=2|50.97638(54)#
| rowspan=2|365(5) ms
| β<sup>-</sup> (53%)
| <sup>51</sup>Ca
| rowspan=2|3/2+#
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup>, n (47%)
| <sup>50</sup>Ca
|-
| rowspan=3|<sup>52</sup>K
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 33
| rowspan=3|51.98261(75)#
| rowspan=3|105(5) ms
| β<sup>-</sup>, n (64%)
| <sup>51</sup>Ca
| rowspan=3|(2-)#
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup>, 2n (21%)
| <sup>50</sup>Ca
|-
| β<sup>-</sup> (15%)
| <sup>52</sup>Ca
|-
| rowspan=3|<sup>53</sup>K
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 34
| rowspan=3|52.98712(75)#
| rowspan=3|30(5) ms
| β<sup>-</sup>, n (67%)
| <sup>52</sup>Ca
| rowspan=3|(3/2+)#
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup>, 2n (17%)
| <sup>51</sup>Ca
|-
| β<sup>-</sup> (16%)
| <sup>53</sup>Ca
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>54</sup>K
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 35
| rowspan=2|53.99420(97)#
| rowspan=2|10(5) ms
| β<sup>-</sup> (>99.9%)
| <sup>54</sup>Ca
| rowspan=2|2-#
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup>, n (<.1%)
| <sup>53</sup>Ca
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>55</sup>K
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 36
| rowspan=2|54.99971(107)#
| rowspan=2|3# ms
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>55</sup>Ca
| rowspan=2|3/2+#
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup>, n
| <sup>54</sup>Ca
|}
{{각주|group="n"}}

== 각주 ==
<references />

{{동위 원소 색인}}

[[분류:칼륨|동위 원소]]
[[분류:칼륨 동위 원소| ]]
[[분류:원소별 동위 원소 목록]]