{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{Drugbox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 456683223
| image = Amantadine.svg
| width = 125
| alt               =
| image2 = Amantadine ball-and-stick model.png
| width2 = 175
| alt2              =
| caption           =

<!-- Clinical data -->
| pronounce         =
| tradename = Gocovri, Symadine, Symmetrel 등
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|amantadine-hydrochloride}}
| MedlinePlus = a682064
| DailyMedID = Amantadine
| pregnancy_AU = B3
| pregnancy_AU_comment =<ref name="TGA"/>
| pregnancy_category=
| routes_of_administration = [[경구 투여]]
| class             =
| ATC_prefix = N04
| ATC_suffix = BB01
| ATC_supplemental  =

<!-- Legal status -->
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_AU_comment =<ref name="TGA" />
| legal_BR = C1
| legal_BR_comment =<ref>{{웹 인용|author=Anvisa |author-link=Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency |date=2023-03-31 |title=RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial |trans-title=Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control|url=https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803143925/https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992 |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-16 |publisher=[[Diário Oficial da União]] |language=pt-BR |publication-date=2023-04-04}}</ref>
| legal_CA = Rx-only
| legal_CA_comment =
| legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled-->
| legal_DE_comment =
| legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C -->
| legal_NZ_comment =
| legal_UK = POM
| legal_UK_comment =<ref>{{웹 인용| title=Trilasym 50 mg/ 5 ml Oral Solution – Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) | website=(emc) | date=24 September 2019 | url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/10262/smpc | access-date=26 March 2020 | archive-date=26 March 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326213007/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/10262/smpc | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| legal_US = Rx-only
| legal_US_comment =<ref name="Gocovri FDA label">{{웹 인용| title=Gocovri- amantadine capsule, coated pellets | website=DailyMed | date=26 December 2019 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=82ff865f-78f3-4c94-b6a9-727a54944b28 | access-date=22 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gocovri FDA label2" />
| legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV-->
| legal_UN_comment =
| legal_status      = Rx-only

<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->
| bioavailability = 86~90%<ref name="TGA">{{웹 인용|title=Symmetrel (amantadine hydrochloride)|work=TGA eBusiness Services|publisher=Novartis Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Limited|date=29 June 2011|access-date=24 February 2014|url=https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2010-PI-04197-3|format=PDF}}</ref>
| protein_bound = 67%<ref name="TGA"/>
| metabolism = 극소량 (대부분 아세틸 대사산물로 대사됨)<ref name="TGA"/>
| metabolites       =
| onset             =
| elimination_half-life = 10~31시간<ref name="TGA"/>
| duration_of_action =
| excretion = 소변<ref name="TGA"/>

<!-- Identifiers -->
| index2_label = as HCl
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 768-94-5
| CAS_number2 = 665-66-7
| CAS_supplemental  =
| PubChem = 2130
| PubChem2 = 64150
| IUPHAR_ligand = 4128
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00915
| DrugBank2 = DBSALT000203
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 2045
| ChemSpiderID2 = 57724
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = BF4C9Z1J53
| UNII2 = M6Q1EO9TD0
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D07441
| KEGG2_Ref         = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG2             = D00777
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 2618
| ChEBI2 = 2619
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 660
| ChEMBL2 = 1569
| NIAID_ChemDB      =
| PDB_ligand        =
| synonyms = 1-Adamantylamine
<!-- | Beilstein = 2204333 -->
<!-- | Gmelin = 27066 -->
<!-- | HMDB = HMDB0015051 -->
<!-- | EINECS = 212-201-2 -->

<!-- Chemical and physical data -->
| IUPAC_name = Adamantan-1-amine
| C=10 | H=17 | N=1
| SMILES = C1C2CC3CC1CC(C2)(C3)N
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C10H17N/c11-10-4-7-1-8(5-10)3-9(2-7)6-10/h7-9H,1-6,11H2
| StdInChI_comment  =
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = DKNWSYNQZKUICI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| density           =
| density_notes     =
| melting_point     =180
| melting_high      =
| melting_notes     =<ref name=r1>{{서적 인용| editor= Haynes, William M. | date = 2016| title = [[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]] | edition = 97th | publisher = [[CRC Press]] | isbn = 9781498754293|page=3.524}}</ref>
| boiling_point     =
| boiling_notes     =
| solubility        =
| sol_units         =
| specific_rotation =
}}

'''아만타딘'''(Amantadine)은 '''고코브리'''(Gocovri) 등의 상품명으로 판매되는 약물로, [[파킨슨병]]이나 A형 [[인플루엔자]]로 인한 독감 관련 [[운동이상증]]에 쓰이는 약물이다. 그러나 후자의 경우 [[약물 내성]]이 널리 퍼져 더 이상 사용이 권고되지 않는다.<ref name="CDC_2019">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/summary-clinicians.htm|title=Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians |date=17 April 2019|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=14 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="WHO_2011">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.who.int/influenza/gisrs_laboratory/updates/antiviral_susceptibility/en/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727081143/http://www.who.int/influenza/gisrs_laboratory/updates/antiviral_susceptibility/en/|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 July 2017|title=Summary of influenza antiviral susceptibility surveillance findings|date=September 2010 – March 2011|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=19 July 2019}}</ref> [[니코틴 길항제]], [[도파민 작용제]], 비경쟁적 [[NMDA 길항제]]로 작용한다.<ref name="Golan_2017">{{서적 인용|title=Principles of pharmacology: the pathophysiologic basis of drug therapy|vauthors=Golan DE, Armstrong EJ, Armstrong AW|publisher=Wolters Kluwer|year=2017|isbn=9781451191004|edition=4th|location=Philadelphia|pages=142, 199, 205t, 224t, 608, 698–700|oclc=914593652}}</ref><ref name="TGA" /> 항바이러스 활성은 [[인플루엔자바이러스 A]]의 [[M2 양성자 통로]]를 길항하여, 숙주의 세포질로 바이러스 유전 물질이 방출되도록 하는 [[엔도솜]] 탈출 과정을 방해한다.<ref>{{서적 인용|vauthors=James SH, Whitley RJ | chapter = Influenza Viruses|date=2017 |title=Infectious Diseases |pages=1465–1471.e1 |publisher=Elsevier |doi=10.1016/b978-0-7020-6285-8.00172-6 |isbn=978-0-7020-6285-8}}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용|vauthors=Balgi AD, Wang J, Cheng DY, Ma C, Pfeifer TA, Shimizu Y, Anderson HJ, Pinto LH, Lamb RA, DeGrado WF, Roberge M  |title=Inhibitors of the influenza A virus M2 proton channel discovered using a high-throughput yeast growth restoration assay |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=e55271 |date=1 February 2013 |pmid=23383318 |pmc=3562233 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0055271 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...855271B |veditors=Bouvier NM |doi-access=free}}</ref>

아만타딘은 처음에는 [[A형 인플루엔자]] 치료에 쓰였다. 항바이러스 활성이 처음 보고된 것은 1963년으로, 1976년에는 아만타딘은 A형 인플루엔자의 [[예방]] 목적으로 사용이 승인되었다.<ref name="Hubsher_2012">{{저널 인용|vauthors=Hubsher G, Haider M, Okun MS|date=April 2012|title=Amantadine: the journey from fighting flu to treating Parkinson disease|journal=Neurology|volume=78|issue=14|pages=1096–9|doi=10.1212/WNL.0b013e31824e8f0d|pmid=22474298|s2cid=21515610}}</ref> 1973년, [[미국 식품의약국]](FDA)은 아만타딘을 [[파킨슨병]] 치료 목적으로 사용 승인했다. 2017년에는 아만타딘 [[서방형 제제]]가 [[레보도파 유발 운동이상증]]의 치료 목적으로 사용 승인을 받았다.<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Hauser RA, Lytle J, Formella AE, Tanner CM | title = Amantadine delayed release/extended release capsules significantly reduce OFF time in Parkinson's disease | journal = npj Parkinson's Disease | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 29 | date = March 2022 | pmid = 35304480 | pmc = 8933492 | doi = 10.1038/s41531-022-00291-1 }}</ref>

부작용은 가벼운 편이다. 흔한 신경계 부작용에는 졸림, 아찔함, [[어지러움]], [[혼란]] 등이 있다.<ref name="Chang_2020">{{서적 인용| vauthors = Chang C, Ramphul K  | chapter = Amantadine |date=2020 | chapter-url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499953/ | title = StatPearls|place=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=29763128|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref> [[중추신경계]]에 영향을 미치므로, 다른 중추신경계 자극제가 [[항콜린제]]와 병용 시 주의를 요한다. 또한 [[콩팥]]으로 배설되므로 말기 신부전 환자에서는 사용하지 않는다.<ref name="Gocovri FDA label2">{{웹 인용|date=26 December 2019|title=Gocovri- amantadine capsule, coated pellets|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=82ff865f-78f3-4c94-b6a9-727a54944b28|access-date=22 January 2020|website=DailyMed}}</ref> 항콜린 활성이 있으므로 [[전립샘비대증]]이나 [[녹내장]] 환자에서는 주의하여 사용한다.<ref name="FDA_2019">{{웹 인용|title=Symmetrel (Amantadine Hydrochloride, USP) fact sheet|url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/016023s041,018101s016lbl.pdf|access-date=28 July 2019|website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) }}</ref>

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

[[분류:아다만탄]]
[[분류:아민]]
[[분류:항인플루엔자제]]
[[분류:항RNA바이러스제]]
[[분류:항파킨슨병제]]
[[분류:해리성 마취제]]
[[분류:도파민 재흡수 억제제]]
[[분류:니코틴 대항제]]
[[분류:NMDA 수용체 대항제]]
[[분류:양성자 통로 차단제]]
[[분류:누트로픽]]
[[분류:시그마 작용제]]
[[분류:자극제]]