{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
[[파일:Douglas Haig Gw haig 03.png|섬네일]]
'''제1대 헤이그 백작 더글러스 헤이그'''({{llang|en|Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig}}, 1861년 6월 19일~ 1928년 1월 29일)는 [[영국 육군]]의 고위 [[장교]]이다. [[제1차 세계 대전]] 중에 1915년 말부터 종전까지 [[서부 전선 (제1차 세계 대전)|서부 전선]]에서 [[영국 해외 파견군]](BEF)을 지휘하였다. [[솜 전투]], [[아라스 전투 (1917년)|아라스 전투]], [[파스샹달 전투]], 독일 [[춘계 공세]], 마지막 [[100일 공세]]의 지휘관이기도 했다.<ref name="Sheffield 2002, p. 21">Sheffield 2002, p. 21.</ref><ref name="Gary Sheffield p. 263">Sheffield 2002, p. 263.</ref><ref name="Hart 2008, p. 2">Hart 2008, p. 2.</ref> 전후 수년 간 긍정적인 명성을 얻었고 그의 장례식이 [[국가 애도의 날]]이 되기도 했으나 1960년대 이후로는 제1차 세계 대전 중의 리더십에 대한 비판의 대상이 되고 있다.<ref name="Haig Biography" /><ref>J. P. Harris, ''Douglas Haig and the First World War'' (2009), p545</ref><ref name=worst>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.historynet.com/field-marshal-sir-douglas-haig-world-war-is-worst-general.htm/|title=World War I's Worst General|publisher=Military History Magazine|date=11 May 2007|accessdate=22 June 2013|archive-date=2013-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828030249/http://www.historynet.com/field-marshal-sir-douglas-haig-world-war-is-worst-general.htm|url-status=}}</ref>
그의 지휘 하에 2백 만 영국 사상자를 냈던 이유로 '버처 헤이그'(Butcher Haig)라는 별명을 얻었다.('버처'는 '잔인한 살인자'를 뜻한다)<ref name="Haig Biography">{{뉴스 인용|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/arts/books/non-fiction/article2459448.ece |title=Field Marshal Douglas Haig would have let Germany win, biography says|newspaper=The Times|date=10 November 2008|accessdate=22 June 2013}}</ref> [[캐나다 전쟁 박물관]]의 설명에는 그의 장대하지만 많은 비용이 든 솜 전투(1916)와 [[파스샹달 전투]](1917)의 공격은 1차 세계 대전의 대학살과 무익과 거의 동의어이다."로 적고 있을 정도이다.<ref>See [http://www.warmuseum.ca/firstworldwar/history/people/generals/sir-douglas-haig/ "Canada and the First World War: Sir Douglas Haig"]</ref> 한편, 일부 역사가들은 전쟁을 끝낸 [[페르디낭 포슈|포슈]]가 주도하고 특히 영국측이 기여한 1918년의 [[100일 공세]]가 영국 군사사에서 수행하였던 가장 위대한 승리들 가운데 하나로 간주한다.<ref name="Sheffield 2002, p. 21"/><ref name="Gary Sheffield p. 263"/><ref name="Hart 2008, p. 2"/>

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 참고 문헌 ==
{{div col}}
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* {{서적 인용|last=Churchill |first=Winston |title=The World Crisis |publisher=Odhams |year=1938 |isbn=978-0141442051}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Corrigan |first=Gordon |title=Mud, Blood & Poppycock |publisher=Cassell |year=2002 |isbn=978-0304366590 }}
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* {{서적 인용|last=De Groot |first=Gerard |title=Douglas Haig 1861–1928 |url=https://archive.org/details/douglashaig1861100unse |publisher=Unwin Hyman |location=London |year=1988 |isbn=978-0044401926}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Duffy |first=C. |title=Through German Eyes, The British and the Somme 1916 |publisher=Phoenix |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7538-2202-9}}
* {{서적 인용|last=French |first= David |title=Raising Churchill's Army |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=London |year=2000 |isbn=978-0199246304}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Gollin |first=Alfred |authorlink = Alfred Gollin |title=Proconsul in Politics: Lord Milner |publisher=Macmillan |year=1964 |oclc=175027}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Green |first=Andrew |title=Writing the Great War |url=https://archive.org/details/writinggreatwars0000gree |publisher=Frank Cass |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-0714684307}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Haig |first=Countess |title=The Man I Knew |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.76360 |publisher=The Moray Press |year=1936 |oclc=752595381}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Haig |first=F–M Sir Douglas |title=Sir Douglas Haig's Despatches (December 1915 – April 1919) |url=https://archive.org/details/sirdouglashaigsd00haig |editor=Lt.-Col. J. H. Boraston |publisher=Dent |year=1919 |oclc=479257}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Hart |first= Peter |title=1918: A Very British Victory |url=https://archive.org/details/1918verybritishv0000hart_i3m2 |publisher=Phoenix Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7538-2689-8}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Hoare|first=Philip|title=Noel Coward: a biography|publisher=Sinclair-Stevenson|year=1995|isbn=978-1856192651}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Mead |first=Gary |title=The Good Soldier: The Biography of Douglas Haig |url=https://archive.org/details/goodsoldierbiogr0000mead |publisher=Atlantic Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-84354-281-0}}
* {{서적 인용|first=Charles |last=Mosley |title=Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage |edition=107 |volume=2 |publisher=Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) |year= 2003 |isbn=978-0971196629}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Laffin |first=John |title=British Butchers and Bunglers of World War One |url=https://archive.org/details/britishbutchersb0000laff |publisher=Sutton |location=Stroud, Gloucs |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-7509-0179-6}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Neillands |first=Robin |title=The Death of Glory: the Western Front 1915 |url=https://archive.org/details/deathofglorywest0000neil |publisher=John Murray |location=London |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7195-6245-7}}
* {{서적 인용|last1=Prior |first1=Robin |first2=Trevor |last2=Wilson |title=Haig, Douglas, first Earl Haig (1861–1928) |publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |location=London |edition=Oxford University Press, 2004; (online edn) January 2011 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com./view/article/33633 |accessdate=19 Jan 2015}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Reid |first=Walter |title=Architect of Victory: Douglas Haig |url=https://archive.org/details/douglashaigarchi0000reid |publisher=Birlinn |year=2006 |isbn=978-1841585178}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Rowlands|first=Murray|title=Aldershot in the Great War: The Home of the British Army|publisher=Pen & Sword Military|year=2015|isbn=978-1783832026}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Russell|first=John|title=The Haigs of Bemersyde: A Family History|url=https://archive.org/details/haigsofbemersyde00russuoft|publisher= W. Blackwood & Sons|year=1881|isbn=}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Secrett |first=Sergeant T. |title=Twenty-Five Years with Earl Haig |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.80523 |publisher=Jarrods |year=1929 |oclc=758825316}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Sheffield |first=Gary |authorlink=Gary Sheffield (historian) |title=Forgotten Victory: The First World War: Myths and Realities |url=https://archive.org/details/forgottenvictory0000gary |publisher=Headline Review |year= 2002 |isbn= 978-0747264606}}
* {{서적 인용|last1=Sheffield |first1=Gary |authorlink1=Gary Sheffield (historian) |last2=Bourne |first2=John |title=Douglas Haig War Diaries and Letters 1914–18 |publisher=Phoenix |year=2005 |isbn=978-0297847021}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Sheffield |first=Gary |authorlink=Gary Sheffield (historian) |title=The Chief |url=https://archive.org/details/chiefdouglashaig0000shef |publisher=Aurum |location=London |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-84513-691-8}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Terraine |first=John |authorlink=John Terraine |title=Douglas Haig: The Educated Soldier |publisher=Hutchinson |year=1963 |isbn=978-0304353194}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Terraine |first=John |authorlink=John Terraine |title=The Road to Passchendaele: The Flanders Offensive of 1917: A Study in Inevitability |publisher=Leo Cooper |year=1977 |isbn=978-0850522297}}
* {{서적 인용|title=The Smoke and the Fire, Myths and Anti-myths of War 1861–1945 |url=https://archive.org/details/smokefiremythsan0000terr |last=Terraine |first=J. |authorlink=John Terraine |year=1992 |orig-year=1980 |publisher=Sidgwick & Jackson |location=London |edition=Leo Cooper |isbn=0-85052-330-3}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Todman |first=Dan |title=The Great War: Myth and Memory |publisher=Hambledon Continuum |year=2005 |isbn=978-1852855123}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Travers |first=Tim |title=How the War Was Won |url=https://archive.org/details/howwarwaswoncomm0000trav |publisher=Routledge |year=1992 |isbn=978-1-84415-207-0}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Winter |first=Denis |title=Haig’s Command |url=https://archive.org/details/haigscommandreas0000wint |publisher=Viking |year=1991 |isbn=978-1844152049}}
{{Div col end}}

== 외부 링크 ==
{{위키공용분류}}
* {{인터넷 아카이브 저자|sname=Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig}}
* [http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/summary/xf50-001.htm Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives]. (Retrieved 30 March 2006.)
* [http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?search=ss&sText=Douglas+Haig&LinkID=mp01964 Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig (1861–1928), Field Marshal: Sitter in 41 portraits] (National Portrait Gallery)<!--  NPG servers are rather erratic so connection may sometimes be difficult. -->
* Bob Bushaway [https://web.archive.org/web/20070620025046/http://www.js-ww1.bham.ac.uk/fetch.asp?article=issue1_Bushaway.pdf Haig and the Cavalry] ''Journal of the Centre for First World War Studies''
* [http://ssa.nls.uk/film.cfm?fid=0762A GALASHIELS WAR MEMORIAL (1925)] (archive film of Field Marshal Earl Haig from the National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120406080146/http://scotlandonscreen.org.uk/database/record.php?usi=007-000-002-197-C&searchdb=scotscreen_scran& SCOTLAND ON SCREEN] (Earl Haig Unveils Peebles War Memorial (1922) – archive film and learning resources)
* [http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH1-Fran-t1-front1-d6.html Haig's signature for a book about the New Zealand Division]
* '''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140303211250/http://www.europeana-collections-1914-1918.eu/ Europeana Collections 1914–1918]''' makes 425,000 First World War items from European libraries available online, including Haig's 'Order of the Day' and other manuscripts, official documents and photographs relating to Haig
* {{PM20|FID=pe/006959}}

{{전임후임
| 후임자=[[제2대 헤이그 백작 조지 헤이그|조지 헤이그]]
| 임기=[[1919년]] - [[1928년]]
| 직책=[[헤이그 백작]]
}}

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:1861년 출생]]
[[분류:1928년 사망]]
[[분류:영국의 백작]]
[[분류:영국 육군 원수]]
[[분류:스코틀랜드의 장군]]
[[분류:스코틀랜드의 프리메이슨]]
[[분류:마흐디 전쟁 관련자]]
[[분류:제2차 보어 전쟁 관련자]]
[[분류:영국의 제1차 세계 대전 참전 군인]]
[[분류:에든버러 출신]]
[[분류:옥스퍼드 대학교 브라스노즈 칼리지 동문]]
[[분류:스코틀랜드의 장로교도]]
[[분류:엉겅퀴 기사단]]
[[분류:메리트 훈장]]
[[분류:레지옹 도뇌르 그랑크루아 훈장 수훈자]]
[[분류:바스 훈장 대십자 기사]]
[[분류:산마우리치오이라자로 훈장 대십자 기사]]
[[분류:훈1등 욱일동화대수장 수훈자]]
[[분류:1급 용감공 미하이 훈장 수훈자]]