{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{Drugbox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 459588806
| IUPAC_name = (3''S'',6''S'',9''S'',12''R'',15''S'',18''S'',21''S'',24''S'',30''S'',33''S'')-30-Ethyl-33-[(1''R'',2''R'',4''E'')-1-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl]-6,9,18,24-tetraisobutyl-3,21-diisopropyl-1,4,7,10,12,15,19,25,28-nonamethyl-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-undecaazacyclotritriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecone
| image = Ciclosporin.svg
| width = 250
| image2 = Ciclosporin-A-neutron-3D-sticks.png
| width2 = 250
| drug_name = 
<!--Clinical data-->
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˌ|s|aɪ|k|l|ə|ˈ|s|p|ɔr|ɪ|n}}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cyclosporin|title=cyclosporin|work=Dictionary.com Unabridged|publisher=[[랜덤하우스]]|date=n.d.|accessdate=2011-07-13|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118062350/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cyclosporin|archivedate=2010-11-18|df=}}</ref>
| tradename = Neoral, Sandimmune, others
| USAN=cyclosporine
| synonyms = cyclosporin, ciclosporin A,<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Laupacis A, Keown PA, Ulan RA, McKenzie N, Stiller CR | title = Cyclosporin A: a powerful immunosuppressant | journal = Canadian Medical Association Journal | volume = 126 | issue = 9 | pages = 1041–6 | date = May 1982 | pmid = 7074504 | pmc = 1863293 }}</ref> cyclosporine A, cyclosporin A (CsA)
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|cyclosporine}}
| MedlinePlus = a601207
| pregnancy_AU = C
| pregnancy_US = C
| pregnancy_category =
| licence_EU = yes
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_UK = POM
| legal_US = Rx-only
| legal_status =
| routes_of_administration = By mouth, [[수액 (의학)|IV]], eye drops
| class = [[:en:immunosuppressant]]<!--Per ATC code prefix L04A--><br />[[:en:calcineurin inhibitor]]<!--Per ATC code prefix L04AD--><br />[[안과|eye medication]]<!--Per ATC code prefix S01XA-->
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = Variable
| metabolism = [[간]] [[:en:CYP3A4]]
| elimination_half-life = Variable (about 24 hours)
| excretion = [[쓸개즙|biliary]]
<!--Identifiers-->
| IUPHAR_ligand = 1024
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 59865-13-3
| ATC_prefix = L04
| ATC_suffix = AD01
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|S01|XA18}}
| PubChem = 5284373
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00091
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 4447449
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 83HN0GTJ6D
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00184
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 160
<!--Chemical data-->
| C=62 | H=111
| N=11 | O=12
| molecular_weight = 1202.61 g/mol
| smiles = CC[C@H]1C(=O)N(CC(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N1)[C@@H]([C@H](C)C/C=C/C)O)C)C(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C(C)C)CC(C)C)C)C
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C62H111N11O12/c1-25-27-28-40(15)52(75)51-56(79)65-43(26-2)58(81)67(18)33-48(74)68(19)44(29-34(3)4)55(78)66-49(38(11)12)61(84)69(20)45(30-35(5)6)54(77)63-41(16)53(76)64-42(17)57(80)70(21)46(31-36(7)8)59(82)71(22)47(32-37(9)10)60(83)72(23)50(39(13)14)62(85)73(51)24/h25,27,34-47,49-52,75H,26,28-33H2,1-24H3,(H,63,77)(H,64,76)(H,65,79)(H,66,78)/b27-25+/t40-,41+,42-,43+,44+,45+,46+,47+,49+,50+,51+,52-/m1/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N
}}

'''시클로스포린'''({{lang|en|ciclosporin}}, {{lang|en|cyclosporine}}, {{lang|en|cyclosporin}})은 [[면역억제제]]이자 [[천연물|천연물질]]이다.<ref name=WHO2008>{{서적 인용| title = WHO Model Formulary 2008 | date = 2009 | publisher = World Health Organization | isbn = 9789241547659 | page = 221 | url = http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s16879e/s16879e.pdf | accessdate = 8 December 2016 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161213060118/http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s16879e/s16879e.pdf | archivedate = 13 December 2016 | df =  }}</ref> 구강으로 섭취하거나 [[수액 (의학)|정맥 주사]]를 통해 투여되며 [[류머티스 관절염]], [[건선]], [[크론병]], [[신증후군]], 그리고 [[이식거부반응|이식 거부]]를 예방하기 위한 [[장기 이식]]을 위해 사용된다.<ref name=WHO2008/><ref name=AHFS2016>{{웹 인용|title=Cyclosporine|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/cyclosporine.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=8 December 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017140204/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/cyclosporine.html|archivedate=17 October 2016|df=}}</ref> [[건성각결막염]](안구건조증)을 위한 [[안약]]으로 사용되기도 한다.<ref name=AHFS2016B>{{웹 인용| title = Cyclosporine eent | url = https://www.drugs.com/monograph/cyclosporine-eent.html | publisher = The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists | accessdate = 8 December 2016 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160113234854/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/cyclosporine-eent.html | archivedate = 13 January 2016 | df =  }}</ref>

일반적인 부작용으로는 고혈압, 두통, [[신부전]], 두발 성장의 증가, 구토가 포함된다.<ref name=AHFS2016/> 그 밖의 심각한 부작용으로는 감염 위험 증가, 간 질환, [[림프종]] 위험 증가가 포함된다.<ref name=AHFS2016/> 부작용의 위험을 줄이기 위해서는 약물의 혈액 수준을 검사하는 것이 좋다.<ref name=AHFS2016/> [[임신]] 중 복용하면 [[조산]]할 수 있다. 그러나 시클로스포린은 [[선천성 장애]]를 일으키지는 않는 것으로 보인다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/cyclosporine.html|title=Cyclosporine Use During Pregnancy|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914034946/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/cyclosporine.html|archivedate=14 September 2017|url-status=live|accessdate=20 December 2016|df=}}</ref>

시클로스포린은 [[림프구]]의 기능을 떨어트림으로써 동작하는 것으로 간주된다.<ref name=AHFS2016/> [[칼시뉴린]]의 [[포스파타아제]]를 차단하기 위해 [[시클로필린]] 집합체를 형성함으로써 수행되며, 다시 말해 [[T-세포|T-림프구]]에 의한 [[염증성 사이토카인]]의 생성을 줄이는 것을 의미한다.<ref name="Matsuda_2000">{{저널 인용|vauthors=Matsuda S, Koyasu S|date=May 2000|title=Mechanisms of action of cyclosporine|url=http://web.khu.ac.kr/~biochem/source1.pdf|journal=Immunopharmacology|volume=47|issue=2–3|pages=119–25|doi=10.1016/S0162-3109(00)00192-2|pmid=10878286|via=|확인날짜=2019-03-15|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811222815/http://web.khu.ac.kr/%7Ebiochem/source1.pdf|보존날짜=2017-08-11|url-status=dead}}</ref>

시클로스포린은 1971년 [[균계]] [[Tolypocladium inflatum]]으로부터 분리되었으며 1983년 의학용으로 사용되기 시작했다.<ref>{{서적 인용| last1 = Watts | first1 = Richard | last2 = Clunie | first2 = Gavin | last3 = Hall | first3 = Frances | last4 = Marshall | first4 = Tarnya | name-list-format = vanc | title = Rheumatology | date = 2009 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-922999-4 | page = 558 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1m_59s7Tt3UC&pg=PA558 | url-status = live | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171105200103/https://books.google.com/books?id=1m_59s7Tt3UC&pg=PA558 | archivedate = 2017-11-05 | df =  }}</ref> [[의료제도]]에 필수적인 가장 효과적이고 안전한 의약품 목록인 [[WHO 필수 의약품 목록]]에 등재되어 있다.<ref name=WHO19th>{{웹 인용|title=WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)|url=http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=8 December 2016|date=April 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213052708/http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|archivedate=13 December 2016|df=}}</ref> [[개발도상국]]의 도매가는 한 달 기준 대략 {{US$}}106.50이다.<ref name=ERC2014>{{웹 인용|title=Ciclosporin|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=895&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=8 December 2016|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006154830/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=895&searchYear=2014|보존날짜=2018-10-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> 영국에서의 비용은 1개월 당 대략 ([[국민 건강 서비스|NHS]]) {{GB£}}121.25에 달한다.<ref name=BNF69>{{서적 인용| title = British national formulary: BNF 69 | date = 2015 | publisher = British Medical Association | isbn = 978-0-85711-156-2 | page = 632 | edition = 69th }}</ref> 미국 내 도매가는 1개월 당 대략 {{US$}}172.95이다.<ref>{{웹 인용|title=NADAC as of 2016-12-07 {{!}} Data.Medicaid.gov|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Prices/NADAC-as-of-2016-12-07/ry9m-tx78|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|accessdate=20 December 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221003023/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Prices/NADAC-as-of-2016-12-07/ry9m-tx78|archivedate=21 December 2016|df=}}</ref> 2016년, 200만 건 이상의 처방과 더불어 미국에서 213번째로 많이 처방을 받은 약물이었다.<ref>{{웹 인용|title=The Top 300 of 2019 |url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx |website=clincalc.com |accessdate=22 December 2018}}</ref>

== 같이 보기 ==
{{위키공용분류}}
* [[피마자유]]
* [[에탄올]]

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* {{MeSH name|Cyclosporine}}
* [https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/rn/79217-60-0 U.S. National Library of Medicine: Drug Information Portal — Cyclosporine]
* [http://chemsub.online.fr/name/cyclosporin_a.html ChemSub Online : Cyclosporin A]
* [http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/neoral.pdf Neoral U.S. Prescribing Information]
* [http://www.restasis.com/ Restasis brand]
* [http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/sandimmune.pdf Sandimmune U.S. Prescribing Information]

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:IARC 1군 발암 물질]]
[[분류:세계 보건 기구 필수 의약품]]
[[분류:면역 억제제]]
[[분류:천연물]]
[[분류:애브비의 제품]]
[[분류:노바티스의 제품]]
[[분류:콩팥 독소]]