{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{Drugbox| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 451415669
| IUPAC_name = ''N''-[(7''S'')-1,2,3,10-Tetramethoxy-9-oxo-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[''a'']heptalen-7-yl]acetamide
| image = Colchicin.svg
| alt = Skeletal formula of colchicine
| width = 200px
| image2 = Colchicine-3D-balls.png
| alt2 = Ball-and-stick model of the colchicine molecule
| width2 = 200px

<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = Colcrys, Mitigare, others
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|colchicine}}
| MedlinePlus = a682711
| pregnancy_AU = D
| pregnancy_US = C
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_CA = Rx-only
| legal_UK = POM
| legal_US = Rx-only
| routes_of_administration = [[:en:Oral administration|Oral]]

<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = 45%
| protein_bound = 35-44%
| metabolism = Metabolism, partly by [[:en:CYP3A4]]
| elimination_half-life = 26.6-31.2 hours
| excretion = Faeces (65%)

<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 64-86-8
| ATC_prefix = M04
| ATC_suffix = AC01
| PubChem = 6167
| IUPHAR_ligand = 2367
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB01394
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 5933
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = SML2Y3J35T
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00570
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 27882
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 107

<!--Chemical data-->
| C=22 | H=25 | N=1 | O=6
| molecular_weight = 399.437
| smiles = O=C(N[C@@H]3C\1=C\C(=O)C(\OC)=C/C=C/1c2c(cc(OC)c(OC)c2OC)CC3)C
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C22H25NO6/c1-12(24)23-16-8-6-13-10-19(27-3)21(28-4)22(29-5)20(13)14-7-9-18(26-2)17(25)11-15(14)16/h7,9-11,16H,6,8H2,1-5H3,(H,23,24)/t16-/m0/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N
}}
'''콜히친'''({{lang|en|colchicine}}, 판매되는 브랜드명: '''Colcrys''' 또는 '''Mitigare''')은 [[통풍]] 치료에 주로 사용되는 약물이다.<ref name="annals">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Shekelle PG, Newberry SJ, FitzGerald JD, Motala A, O'Hanlon CE, Tariq A, Okunogbe A, Han D, Shanman R | display-authors = 6 | title = Management of Gout: A Systematic Review in Support of an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline | journal = Annals of Internal Medicine | volume = 166 | issue = 1 | pages = 37–51 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 27802478 | doi = 10.7326/M16-0461 }}</ref><ref name="fda-dap">{{웹 인용|title=Colcrys (colchicine, USP) tablets 0.6 mg. Drug Approval Package |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2009/022352_colcrys_toc.cfm |publisher=US Food and Drug Administration |access-date=19 August 2018 |date=17 February 2010}}</ref><ref name="dalbeth">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Dalbeth N, Lauterio TJ, Wolfe HR | title = Mechanism of action of colchicine in the treatment of gout | journal = Clinical Therapeutics | volume = 36 | issue = 10 | pages = 1465–79 | date = October 2014 | pmid = 25151572 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.07.017 | url = https://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/article/S0149-2918(14)00457-3/fulltext }}</ref> 통풍 외에도, 콜히친은 [[가족성 지중해열]], [[심낭염]], [[베체트 병]]의 치료에도 사용된다.<ref name=fda-dap/> 다량 복용 시 위장장애의 부작용이 있다.<ref name="nps1">{{웹 인용 |publisher=National Prescribing Service, Australia |url=http://www.nps.org.au/health_professionals/publications/nps_radar/2010/may_2010/brief_item_colchicine |date=14 May 2010 |title=Colchicine for acute gout: updated information about dosing and drug interactions |access-date=14 May 2010 |보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630173701/http://www.nps.org.au/health_professionals/publications/nps_radar/2010/may_2010/brief_item_colchicine |보존날짜=2012-06-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

독성 [[알칼로이드]]이자 [[이차대사산물]]이며 원래 [[콜키쿰]](Colchicum)속 식물에서 추출된 것이다.<ref name=fda-dap/><ref name="cder">{{웹 인용|title=Colcrys (colchicine). Summary review for regulatory action |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2009/022351s000_SumR.pdf |publisher=Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration |access-date=19 August 2018 |date=30 July 2009}}</ref><ref name="drugs">{{웹 인용|title=Colchicine |url=https://www.drugs.com/pro/colchicine.html |publisher=Drugs.com |access-date=19 August 2018 |date=1 January 2017}}</ref>

== 의학적 이용 ==
=== 통풍 ===
콜히친은 [[비스테로이드 항염증제]]가 통풍에 효력이 잘 들지 않을 때 대안이 된다.<ref name="Review08">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Chen LX, Schumacher HR | title = Gout: an evidence-based review | journal = Journal of Clinical Rheumatology | volume = 14 | issue = 5 Suppl | pages = S55-62 | date = October 2008 | pmid = 18830092 | doi = 10.1097/RHU.0b013e3181896921 }}</ref> 다량 복용 시 부작용이 있으므로(주로 위장장애) 사용이 제한된다.<ref name=fda-dap/><ref name="FDA Warning">{{웹 인용| title=Information for Healthcare Professionals: New Safety Information for Colchicine (marketed as Colcrys) | url=http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals/ucm174315.htm | publisher= [[미국 식품의약국]]}}</ref> 적은 양을 복용하면 내성이 좋은 편이다.<ref name=fda-dap/><ref name=CFP09>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Laubscher T, Dumont Z, Regier L, Jensen B | title = Taking the stress out of managing gout | journal = Canadian Family Physician | volume = 55 | issue = 12 | pages = 1209–12 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 20008601 | pmc = 2793228 }}</ref><ref name="coch14">{{저널 인용| vauthors = van Echteld I, Wechalekar MD, Schlesinger N, Buchbinder R, Aletaha D | title = Colchicine for acute gout | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 8 | issue = 8 | pages = CD006190 | date = August 2014 | pmid = 25123076 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD006190.pub2|url= https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006190.pub2/full}}</ref><ref name="Terkeltaub 2010">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Terkeltaub RA, Furst DE, Bennett K, Kook KA, Crockett RS, Davis MW | title = High versus low dosing of oral colchicine for early acute gout flare: Twenty-four-hour outcome of the first multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-comparison colchicine study | journal = Arthritis and Rheumatism | volume = 62 | issue = 4 | pages = 1060–8 | date = April 2010 | pmid = 20131255 | doi = 10.1002/art.27327 }}</ref> 적은 량의 콜히친(1.8&nbsp;mg/1시간 또는 1.2&nbsp;mg/일)은 통풍 증세와 통증을 완화시키는 반면 다량의 콜히친(4.8&nbsp;mg/6시간 이상)은 통증에 효과적이지만 더 심각한 부작용(설사, 구역질, 구토 등)을 일으킨다는 리뷰가 있다.<ref name=coch14/>

증상이 처음 나타나면 통풍 증상의 치료를 위해 콜히친은 구강으로 또는 음식 없이 섭취한다.<ref name=drugs/> 증상이 악화되는 경우 추가 복용이 필요할 수 있다.<ref name=drugs/><ref name=coch14/> 장기간의 [[예방의학|예방책]]으로, 알로퓨리놀과 함께 날마다 콜히친을 복용하는 것이 효과적(날마다 0.6&nbsp;mg만큼 두 차례)이라는 예비적 증거가 있으며 요산 수치 증가, 급성 통풍 발생의 위험을 줄여주지만<ref name="shekelle">{{저널 인용| last=Shekelle | first=Paul G. | last2=Newberry | first2=Sydne J. | last3=FitzGerald | first3=John D. | last4=Motala | first4=Aneesa | last5=O'Hanlon | first5=Claire E. | last6=Tariq | first6=Abdul | last7=Okunogbe | first7=Adeyemi | last8=Han | first8=Dan | last9=Shanman | first9=Roberta | title=Management of gout: A systematic review in support of an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline | journal=Annals of Internal Medicine | volume=166 | issue=1 | year=2017 | issn=0003-4819 | doi=10.7326/M16-0461 | pages=37–51 | url=http://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2578526/management-gout-systematic-review-support-american-college-physicians-clinical-practice}}</ref> [[부작용|위장장애 부작용]]이 발생할 수 있다.<ref name="qaseem">{{저널 인용| last=Qaseem | first=Amir | last2=Harris | first2=Russell P. | last3=Forciea | first3=Mary Ann | title=Management of acute and recurrent gout: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians | journal=Annals of Internal Medicine | volume=166 | issue=1 | year=2017 | issn=0003-4819 | doi=10.7326/M16-0570 | pages=58–68 | url=http://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2578528/management-acute-recurrent-gout-clinical-practice-guideline-from-american-college}}</ref>

=== 다른 질병 ===
콜히친은 [[베체트 병]]의 장기적인 치료를 위한 소염제로 사용되기도 한다.<ref name="Cocco">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Cocco G, Chu DC, Pandolfi S | title = Colchicine in clinical medicine. A guide for internists | journal = European Journal of Internal Medicine | volume = 21 | issue = 6 | pages = 503–8 | date = December 2010 | pmid = 21111934 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.09.010 }}</ref> [[재발성 다발 연골염]]에는 제한된 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 이는 연골염과 정도가 약한 피부 증상의 치료에만 유용할 수 있음을 보여준다.<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Puéchal X, Terrier B, Mouthon L, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Guillevin L, Le Jeunne C | title = Relapsing polychondritis | journal = Joint, Bone, Spine | volume = 81 | issue = 2 | pages = 118–24 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24556284 | doi = 10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.01.001 }}</ref>

콜히친은 심낭염 치료에 부가적으로 사용되기도 한다.<ref name=Cocco/><ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Alabed S, Cabello JB, Irving GJ, Qintar M, Burls A | title = Colchicine for pericarditis | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 8 | issue = 8 | pages = CD010652 | date = August 2014 | pmid = 25164988 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD010652.pub2 }}</ref>

콜히친은 [[가족성 지중해열]]의 치료에도 널리 사용되며,<ref name=Cocco/> [[유전분증]]의 장기적인 위험도를 낮춰준다.<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Portincasa P | title = Colchicine, Biologic Agents and More for the Treatment of Familial Mediterranean Fever. The Old, the New, and the Rare | journal = Current Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 23 | issue = 1 | pages = 60–86 | date = 2016 | pmid = 26572612 }}</ref>

== 역사 ==
콜히친의 식물 원료(Colchicum autumnale)는 기원전 1500년 경 [[이집트]]의 의학 파피루스인 [[에베르스 파피루스]]에서 [[류머티즘]]과 [[염증]]의 치료를 위해 기술되었다.<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Graham W, Roberts JB | title = Intravenous colchicine in the management of gouty arthritis | journal = Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 16–9 | date = March 1953 | pmid = 13031443 | pmc = 1030428 | doi = 10.1136/ard.12.1.16 | url = http://ard.bmj.com/content/12/1/16.full.pdf }}</ref> 콜키쿰 추출물은 기원후 1세기 [[디오스코리데스]]에 의해 De Materia Medica에서 통증 치료로 처음 기술되었다.

콜히친은 1820년 프랑스의 화학자 P. S. 펠레티어와 J. B. [[카벤토우]]에 의해 처음 분리되었다.<ref>Pelletier and Caventou (1820) [https://books.google.com/books?id=zUqF1EcR8NMC&pg=PA69#v=onepage&q&f=false "Examen chimique des plusieurs végétaux de la famille des colchicées, et du principe actif qu'ils renferment. &#91;Cévadille (veratrum sabadilla) ; hellébore blanc (veratrum album) ; colchique commun (colchicum autumnale)&#93;"] (Chemical examination of several plants of the meadow saffron family, and of the active principle that they contain.) ''Annales de Chimie et de Physique'', '''14''' : 69-81.</ref>

== 식물학적 이용 ==
식물의 [[세포분열]]을 방해해 [[배수체]]를 만드는데 쓰인다. [[씨 없는 수박]]을 만들 때도 쓰였다.

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
{{위키공용분류}}
* {{웹 인용|url=http://www.pharmacy.vcu.edu/medchem/articles/colchicine/index.html |first=Matthew J. |last=Dowd |publisher=Virginia Commonwealth University |title=Colchicine |date=April 30, 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610160235/http://www.pharmacy.vcu.edu/medchem/articles/colchicine/index.html |archive-date=2010-06-10}}
* [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/EmergencyResponseCard_29750016.html NIOSH Emergency Response Database]

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:알칼로이드]]
[[분류:페놀 에터]]
[[분류:케톤]]
[[분류:아세트아마이드]]
[[분류:트로폰]]
[[분류:희귀약]]
[[분류:글라이신 수용체 대항제]]
[[분류:항통풍제]]