{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{다른 뜻}}
[[파일:Rabindranath Tagore 1886.jpg|섬네일|200px|right|서벵골 주의 브라만, [[라빈드라나트 타고르]]]]
'''브라만'''({{llang|sa|ब्राह्मण|브라마나}})은 [[크샤트리야]], [[바이샤]], [[수드라]]와 함께 힌두 사회 내의 4대 [[바르나 (힌두교)|바르나]] 중 하나로,<ref name="Wren2004">{{서적 인용| author = Benjamin Lee Wren | date = 2004 | title = Teaching World Civilization with Joy and Enthusiasm | publisher = University Press of America | pages = 77– | isbn = 978-0-7618-2747-4 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XdvfevJAsgMC&pg=PA77|quote=At the top were the Brahmins(priests), then the Kshatriyas(warriors), then the vaishya(the merchant class which only in India had a place of honor in Asia), next were the sudras(farmers), and finally the pariah(untouchables), or those who did the dirty defiling work}}</ref><ref name="Valpey2019">{{서적 인용| author = Kenneth R. Valpey | date = 2 November 2019 | title = Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics | publisher = Springer Nature | pages = 169– | isbn = 978-3-03-028408-4 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EJO7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169|quote=The four varnas are the brahmins (brahmanas—priests, teachers); kshatriyas (ksatriyas—administrators, rulers); vaishyas (vaisyas—farmers, bankers, business people); and shudras(laborers, artisans)}}</ref><ref name="BullietCrossleyHeadrick2018">{{서적 인용| author1 = Richard Bulliet | author2 = Pamela Crossley | author3 = Daniel Headrick | author4 = Steven Hirsch | author5 = Lyman Johnson | date = 11 October 2018 | title = The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History, Volume I | publisher = Cengage Learning | pages = 172– | isbn = 978-0-357-15937-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lJRUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA172|quote=Varna are the four major social divisions: the Brahmin priest class, the Kshatriya warrior/ administrator class, the Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and the Shudra laborer class.}}</ref><ref name="Iriye1979">{{서적 인용| author = Akira Iriye | date = 1979 | title = The World of Asia | publisher = Forum Press | isbn = 978-0-88273-500-9 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tM-CAAAAIAAJ|quote=The four varna groupings in descending order of their importance came to be Brahmin (priests), Kshatriya (warriors and administrators), Vaishya (cultivators and merchants), and Sudra (peasants and menial laborers)|page=106}}</ref><ref name="ludo14">{{서적 인용|author=Ludo Rocher|editor=Donald R. Davis Jr.|title=Studies in Hindu Law and Dharmaśāstra|chapter=9.Caste and occupation in classical India: The normative texts|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dziNBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA205|year=2014|publisher=Anthem Press|pages=205–206|isbn=9781783083152}}</ref> 최상위 계급에 해당한다. 브라만의 전통적인 직종은 힌두교 사원이나 사회 종교 의식에서 사제([[푸로히타|푸로히트]], [[판디트]], [[푸자리]])가 되어 찬가와 기도로 결혼식을 엄숙하게 치르는 등 통과의례 의식을 수행하는 것이다.<ref name=lochtefeld125>James Lochtefeld (2002), Brahmin, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing, {{ISBN|978-0-8239-3179-8}}, page 125</ref><ref name=ghurye15/>

전통적으로, 브라만들은 4개의 사회 계층 중 가장 높은 의식적 지위를 부여받으며,<ref name=doniger141/> 그들은 정신적인 교사([[구루]] 또는 [[아차리야]])의 역할도 했다. 실제로, 인도 문헌들은 일부 브라만들이 역사적으로 인도 아대륙에서 농부, 전사, 상인이 되었고, 또한 다른 직업들을 가지고 있었다고 암시한다.<ref name=ghurye15>GS Ghurye (1969), Caste and Race in India, Popular Prakashan, {{ISBN|978-81-7154-205-5}}, pages 15–18</ref><ref name=doniger141>{{서적 인용| last=Doniger | first=Wendy | title=Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of world religions | publisher=Merriam-Webster | location=Springfield, MA, US | year=1999 | isbn=978-0-87779-044-0 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440/page/141 141–142, 186] | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440/page/141 }}</ref><ref name="David Shulman 1989 page 111">David Shulman (1989), The King and the Clown, Princeton University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-691-00834-9}}, page 111</ref>

인도의 정치인 [[자와할랄 네루]]와 그녀의 딸인 [[인디라 간디]]는 브라만 계급이다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://premium.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2020/07/28/2020072800150.html|제목=[숨어 있는 세계사] 독립 영웅 네루의 딸… 인도 첫 여성 총리로 핵무장 주도했죠|언어=ko|확인날짜=2022-08-19}}{{깨진 링크|url=http://premium.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2020/07/28/2020072800150.html }}</ref>
== 같이 보기 ==
* [[브라만교]]
== 각주 ==
{{각주}}
{{위키공용분류}}
{{힌두교 둘러보기}}
{{전거 통제}}
{{토막글|인도}}

[[분류:브라만| ]]
[[분류:인도의 카스트]]