{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
'''[[토륨]]'''('''Th''')은 6 종류의 [[동위 원소]]가 자연적으로 산출되지만, 이 중 안정 동위 원소는 없다. 그 중 <sup>232</sup>Th은 반감기가 [[지구의 나이]]보다 긴 140.5억년으로 상대적으로 안정적이며, 자연적으로 산출되는 토륨의 대부분을 차지한다.

== 표 ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; white-space:nowrap"
! rowspan="2" | 핵종<br />기호
! rowspan="2" | 과거 명칭
! Z([[양성자|p]])
! N([[중성자|n]])
! &nbsp;<br />동위 원소 질량 (u)<br />&nbsp;
! rowspan="2" | 반감기<ref group="n">굵은 글꼴은 반감기가 우주의 나이보다 긴 동위 원소(거의 안정적)</ref>
! rowspan="2" | 붕괴<br />방식<ref>http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx</ref><ref group="n">약자:<br>CD: [[뭉치 붕괴]]<br>ε: [[전자 포획]]<br>IT: [[이성질핵 전이]]<br>SF: [[자발 핵분열]]</ref>
! rowspan="2" | 붕괴<br>생성물<ref group="n">굵은 글꼴은 안정 동위 원소</ref>
! rowspan="2" | 핵<br />스핀
! rowspan="2" | 전형적<br />동위 원소<br />구성비<br />(몰 분율)
! rowspan="2" | 자연적<br />구성비<br />변동 범위<br />(몰 분율)
|-
! colspan="3" | 들뜬 에너지
|-
| <sup>209</sup>Th
|
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 119
| 209.01772(11)
| 7(5) ms<br>[3.8(+69-15)]
|
|
| 5/2-#
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>210</sup>Th
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 120
| rowspan=2|210.015075(27)
| rowspan=2|17(11) ms<br>[9(+17-4) ms]
| [[알파 붕괴|α]]
| <sup>206</sup>Ra
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| [[베타 붕괴|β<sup>+</sup>]] (드묾)
| <sup>210</sup>Ac
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>211</sup>Th
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 121
| rowspan=2|211.01493(8)
| rowspan=2|48(20) ms<br>[0.04(+3-1) s]
| α
| <sup>207</sup>Ra
| rowspan=2|5/2-#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (드묾)
| <sup>211</sup>Ac
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>212</sup>Th
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 122
| rowspan=2|212.01298(2)
| rowspan=2|36(15) ms<br>[30(+20-10) ms]
| α (99.7%)
| <sup>208</sup>Ra
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (0.3%)
| <sup>212</sup>Ac
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>213</sup>Th
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 123
| rowspan=2|213.01301(8)
| rowspan=2|140(25) ms
| α
| <sup>209</sup>Ra
| rowspan=2|5/2-#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (드묾)
| <sup>213</sup>Ac
|-
| <sup>214</sup>Th
|
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 124
| 214.011500(18)
| 100(25) ms
| α
| <sup>210</sup>Ra
| 0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>215</sup>Th
|
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 125
| 215.011730(29)
| 1.2(2) s
| α
| <sup>211</sup>Ra
| (1/2-)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>216</sup>Th
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 126
| rowspan=2|216.011062(14)
| rowspan=2|26.8(3) ms
| α (99.99%)
| <sup>212</sup>Ra
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (0.006%)
| <sup>216</sup>Ac
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>216m1</sup>Th
|
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2042(13) keV
| 137(4) µs
|
|
| (8+)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>216m2</sup>Th
|
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2637(20) keV
| 615(55) ns
|
|
| (11-)
|
|
|-
| <sup>217</sup>Th
|
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 127
| 217.013114(22)
| 240(5) µs
| α
| <sup>213</sup>Ra
| (9/2+)
|
|
|-
| <sup>218</sup>Th
|
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 128
| 218.013284(14)
| 109(13) ns
| α
| <sup>214</sup>Ra
| 0+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>219</sup>Th
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 129
| rowspan=2|219.01554(5)
| rowspan=2|1.05(3) µs
| α
| <sup>215</sup>Ra
| rowspan=2|9/2+#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (10<sup>−7</sup>%)
| <sup>219</sup>Ac
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>220</sup>Th
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 130
| rowspan=2|220.015748(24)
| rowspan=2|9.7(6) µs
| α
| <sup>216</sup>Ra
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| [[전자 포획|ε]] (2&times;10<sup>−7</sup>%)
| <sup>220</sup>Ac
|-
| <sup>221</sup>Th
|
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 131
| 221.018184(10)
| 1.73(3) ms
| α
| <sup>217</sup>Ra
| (7/2+)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>222</sup>Th
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 132
| rowspan=2|222.018468(13)
| rowspan=2|2.237(13) ms
| α
| <sup>218</sup>Ra
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| ε (1.3&times;10<sup>−8</sup>%)
| <sup>222</sup>Ac
|-
| <sup>223</sup>Th
|
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 133
| 223.020811(10)
| 0.60(2) s
| α
| <sup>219</sup>Ra
| (5/2)+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>224</sup>Th
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 134
| rowspan=2|224.021467(12)
| rowspan=2|1.05(2) s
| α
| <sup>220</sup>Ra
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup> (드묾)
| <sup>224</sup>Ra
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>225</sup>Th
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 135
| rowspan=2|225.023951(5)
| rowspan=2|8.72(4) min
| α (90%)
| <sup>221</sup>Ra
| rowspan=2|(3/2)+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| ε (10%)
| <sup>225</sup>Ac
|-
| <sup>226</sup>Th
|
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 136
| 226.024903(5)
| 30.57(10) min
| α
| <sup>222</sup>Ra
| 0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>227</sup>Th
| 방사성 악티늄
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 137
| 227.0277041(27)
| 18.68(9) d
| α
| <sup>223</sup>Ra
| 1/2+
| 미량<ref group="n" name="as">[[우라늄-235|<sup>235</sup>U]]의 중간 [[붕괴 생성물]]</ref>
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>228</sup>Th
| rowspan=2|방사성 토륨
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 138
| rowspan=2|228.0287411(24)
| rowspan=2|1.9116(16) a
| α
| <sup>224</sup>Ra
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|미량<ref group="n"><sup>232</sup>Th의 중간 붕괴 생성물</ref>
| rowspan=2|
|-
| [[뭉치 붕괴|CD]] (1.3&times;10<sup>−11</sup>%)
| '''<sup>208</sup>Pb'''<br><sup>20</sup>O
|-
| <sup>229</sup>Th
|
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 139
| 229.031762(3)
| 7.34(16)&times;10<sup>3</sup> a
| α
| <sup>225</sup>Ra
| 5/2+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>229m</sup>Th
|
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0.0076(5) keV
| 70(50) h
| [[이성질핵 전이|IT]]
| <sup>229</sup>Th
| 3/2+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=3|<sup>230</sup>Th<ref group="n">[[우라늄-토륨 연대 측정]]에 사용된다</ref>
| rowspan=3|이오늄
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 140
| rowspan=3|230.0331338(19)
| rowspan=3|7.538(30)&times;10<sup>4</sup> a
| α
| <sup>226</sup>Ra
| rowspan=3|0+
| rowspan=3|미량<ref group="n" name="us">[[우라늄-238|<sup>238</sup>U]]의 중간 붕괴 생성물</ref>
| rowspan=3|
|-
| CD (5.6&times;10<sup>−11</sup>%)
| <sup>206</sup>Hg<br><sup>24</sup>Ne
|-
| [[자발 핵분열|SF]] (5&times;10<sup>−11</sup>%)
| 다양함
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>231</sup>Th
| rowspan=2|우라늄 Y
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 141
| rowspan=2|231.0363043(19)
| rowspan=2|25.52(1) h
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>231</sup>Pa
| rowspan=2|5/2+
| rowspan=2|미량<ref group="n" name="as" />
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (10<sup>−8</sup>%)
| <sup>227</sup>Ra
|-
| rowspan=4|<sup>232</sup>Th<ref group="n">[[원시 핵종|원시]] [[방사성 핵종]]</ref>
| rowspan=4|토륨
| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 90
| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 142
| rowspan=4|232.0380553(21)
| rowspan=4|'''1.405(6)&times;10<sup>10</sup> a'''
| α
| <sup>228</sup>Ra
| rowspan=4|0+
| rowspan=4|1.0000
| rowspan=4|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup>β<sup>-</sup> (드묾)
| <sup>232</sup>U
|-
| SF (1.1&times;10<sup>−9</sup>%)
| 다양
|-
| CD (2.78&times;10<sup>−10</sup>%)
| <sup>182</sup>Yb<br><sup>26</sup>Ne<br><sup>24</sup>Ne
|-
| <sup>233</sup>Th
|
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 143
| 233.0415818(21)
| 21.83(4) min
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>233</sup>Pa
| 1/2+
|
|
|-
| <sup>234</sup>Th
| 우라늄 X1
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 144
| 234.043601(4)
| 24.10(3) d
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>234m</sup>Pa
| 0+
| 미량<ref group="n" name="us" />
|
|-
| <sup>235</sup>Th
|
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 145
| 235.04751(5)
| 7.2(1) min
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>235</sup>Pa
| (1/2+)#
|
|
|-
| <sup>236</sup>Th
|
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 146
| 236.04987(21)#
| 37.5(2) min
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>236</sup>Pa
| 0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>237</sup>Th
|
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 147
| 237.05389(39)#
| 4.8(5) min
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>237</sup>Pa
| 5/2+#
|
|
|-
| <sup>238</sup>Th
|
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| style="text-align:right" | 148
| 238.0565(3)#
| 9.4(20) min
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>238</sup>Pa
| 0+
|
|
|}

== 각주 ==
<references group="n" />

{{동위 원소 색인}}

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:토륨|동위 원소]]
[[분류:토륨 동위 원소| ]]
[[분류:원소별 동위 원소 목록]]