{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{왕족 정보
|이름 = 무함마드 바흐티야르 할지
|원어이름 = 
|그림 = File:The end of Buddhist Monks, A.D. 1193.jpg
|그림설명 = 불교의 승려를 학살하는 무함마드
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|작위 = 벵골의 [[아미르 알무미닌]]
|재위 = 1203년~1206년
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|전임자 = 신설
|후임자 = [[무하마드 시란 할지]]
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|출생일 = 1150년
|출생지 = [[가르름시르]]
|사망일 = 1206년
|사망지 = [[방가르]]
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|왕조 = [[벵골 할지 왕조|할지 왕조]]
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|종교 = [[이슬람교]]

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'''이흐티야르 알딘 무함마드 바흐티야르 할지'''({{llang|ps|اختیارالدین محمد بختیار غلجي}}, {{llang|bn|ইখতিয়ারউদ্দীন মুহাম্মাদ বখতিয়ার খলজী}})<ref>{{백과사전 인용|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ikhtiyar-al-Din-Muhammad-Bakhtiyar-Khalji |title=Ikhtiyār al-Dīn Muḥammad Bakhtiyār Khiljī {{!}} Muslim general |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref> 또는 '''바흐티야르 할지'''<ref>{{저널 인용|last=Faruqui |first=Munis D. |year=2005 |title=Review of The Bengal Sultanate: Politics, Economy and Coins (AD 1205–1576) |journal=The Sixteenth Century Journal |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=246–248 |doi=10.2307/20477310 |issn=0361-0160 |quote=Hussain argues ... was actually named Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji and not the broadly used Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji |jstor=20477310|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|title=The Bengal Sultanate: Politics, Economy and Coins (AD 1205–1576) |last=Hussain |first=Syed Ejaz |publisher=Manohar |year=2003 |page=27 |isbn=9788173044823 |location=New Delhi}}</ref>는 [[고르 제국]]의 통치자 무함마드<ref>{{서적 인용|title=Turkish History and Culture in India: Identity, Art and Transregional Connections |date=17 August 2020 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-43736-4 |page=237 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ml75DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA237 |language=en}}</ref>의 투르크-아프간<ref>{{서적 인용|last=|first=|title=Know Your State West Bengal|publisher=Arihant Experts|year=2019|isbn=|location=|pages=15|quote=Turk-Afghan Rule: Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji's invasion to Bengal marked the advent of Turk-Afghan rule in Bengal.}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|last=Chandra|first=Satish|title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526)|publisher=|year=2004|isbn=|location=|pages=226|quote=Although the Afghans formed a large group in the army of the Delhi Sultanat, only few Afghan nobles had been accorded important positions. That is why Bakhtiyar Khalji who was part - Afghan had to seek his fortune in Bihar and Bengal.}}</ref> 군 장군으로, 동인도의 벵골과 비하르 지역의 이슬람 정복을 이끌고 통치자로 자리잡았다.<ref>{{서적 인용|last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |year=1973 |title=History of Mediaeval Bengal |location=Calcutta |publisher=G. Bharadwaj & Co. |oclc=1031074 |pages=1–2 |quote=Tradition gives him credit for the conquest of Bengal but as a matter of fact he could not subjugate the greater part of Bengal ... All that Bakhtyār can justly take credit for is that by his conquest of Western and a part of Northern Bengal he laid the foundation of the Muslim State in Bengal. The historians of the 13th century never attributed the conquest of the whole of Bengal to Bakhtyār.}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|last1=Mehta |first1=Jaswant Lal |year=1986 |orig-year=First published 1979 |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUk5k5AN54sC&pg=PA81 |volume=I |edition=2nd |publisher=Sterling Publishers |isbn=978-81-207-0617-0 |oclc=883279992 |pages=81–82 |quote=The Turkish arms penetrated into Bihar and Bengal through the enterprising efforts of Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji ... he started plundering raids into Bihar and, within four or five years, occupied a large part of it ... Nadia was sacked by the Turks and a few districts of Bengal (Malda, Dinajpur, Murshidabad and Birbhum) were occupied by them ... Bathtiyar Khalji could not retain his hold over Nadia and made Lakhnauti or Gaur as his capital.}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DnZuAAAAMAAJ&q=Bakhtiyar+Khalji+bengal+and+bihar|title=India and the Afghans: A study of a neglected region, 1370–1576 A.D |isbn=9788185078687 |last1=Thakur |first1=Amrendra Kumar | year=1992| page=148|publisher=Janaki Prakashan }}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Szfqq7ruqWgC&pg=PA59|title=Bangladesh: Past and Present |isbn=9788176484695 |last1=Ahmed |first1=Salahuddin |year=2004 |page=59|publisher=APH }}</ref> 그는 1203년부터 1227년까지 짧은 기간 동안 벵골을 통치했던 [[벵골 할지 왕조]]의 창시자였다.

서기 1197년과 1206년 사이에 인도 아대륙에 대한 할지의 침입은 대량 이주와 불교 승려들의 대량 학살에 이르게 했고, 북인도의 전통적인 고등 교육 기관에 손상을 입혔다.<ref name="Hartmut_2002">{{서적 인용|author=Hartmut Scharfe |title=Handbook of Oriental Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7s19sZFRxCUC&pg=PA150 |year=2002 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=90-04-12556-6 |page=150 |quote=Nalanda, together with the colleges at Vikramasila and Odantapuri, suffered gravely during the conquest of Bihar by the Muslim general Muhammad Bhakhtiyar Khalji between A.D. 1197 and 1206, and many monks were killed or forced to flee.}}</ref> 벵골에서, 할지의 통치는 불교의 쇠퇴에 큰 영향을 끼쳤다.<ref name="Arnold1896">{{서적 인용|last=Arnold |first=Sir Thomas Walker |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_O45CAAAAIAAJ/page/n245 |title=The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith |publisher=Archibald Constable and Co |year=1896 |pages=227–228}}</ref><ref>Hindu-Muslim Relations in Bengal, 1905–1947: Study in Cultural Confrontation, Page 11, Nachiketa Publications, 1974, Hossainur Rahman</ref> 그의 통치는 [[벵골 술탄국]]과 [[벵골 수바]]의 통치로 이어지는 이슬람의 벵골 통치의 시작이라고 말해진다.<ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKhChF3yAOUC |title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760 |first=Richard Maxwell |last=Eaton |pages=28–34 |year=1996 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520205079}}</ref>

바흐티야르는 1206년 불운한 티베트 원정을 시작해 알리 마르단과 미르자 하이데르 고니 파하드가 벵골로 돌아오자 암살당했다.<ref name="Sengupta2011">{{서적 인용|author=Nitish K. Sengupta |title=Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVSh_TyJ0YoC&pg=PA63 |date=1 January 2011 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341678-4 |pages=63–64}}</ref><ref name="GillYule2010">{{서적 인용|author1=William John Gill |author2=Henry Yule |title=The River of Golden Sand: The Narrative of a Journey Through China and Eastern Tibet to Burmah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uuk2OQeMwsMC&pg=PA43 |year=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-01953-8 |pages=43}}</ref> 그의 뒤를 이어 무함마드 시란 할지가 벵골을 다스렸다.

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[마흐무드 (가즈나 왕조)]]
== 각주 ==
{{각주}}
{{토막글|군주}}

[[분류:1150년 출생]]
[[분류:1206년 사망]]
[[분류:벵골의 통치자]]
[[분류:13세기 인도의 군주]]