{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{Drugbox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 443634166
| IUPAC_name = 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3''H''-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
| image = Diazepam structure.svg
| width = 222
| image2 = Diazepam ball-and-stick model.png

<!--Clinical data-->
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|d|aɪ|ˈ|æ|z|ᵻ|p|æ|m}}

| tradename = Valium and many others
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|diazepam}}
| MedlinePlus = a682047
| pregnancy_AU = C
| pregnancy_US = D
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_CA = Schedule IV
| legal_DE = Anlage III
| legal_NZ = Class C
| legal_UK = Class C
| legal_US = Schedule IV
| legal_UN = Psychotropic schedule IV
| legal_status = Rx-only
| licence_US = Diazepam
| dependency_liability = Moderate
| addiction_liability = Moderate<ref>{{서적 인용|title=Clinical Addiction Psychiatry|date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139491693|page=156|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=xD-R7Z27UBEC&pg=PA156}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|last1=Ries|first1=Richard K.|title=Principles of addiction medicine.|date=2009|publisher=Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9780781774772|page=106|edition=4|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=j6GGBud8DXcC&pg=PA106}}</ref>
| routes_of_administration = by mouth, [[근육 주사|IM]], [[수액 (의학)|IV]], [[좌약]]

<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = 76% (64-97%) oral, 81% (62-98%) rectal; [[모집단|n]]=6<ref>{{저널 인용|last1=Dhillon|first1=S|last2=Oxley|first2=J|last3=Richens|first3=A|title=Bioavailability of diazepam after intravenous, oral and rectal administration in adult epileptic patients.|journal=British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology|date=1 March 1982|volume=13|issue=3|pages=427-432|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1402110/|accessdate=4 May 2017|issn=0306-5251}}</ref>
| metabolism = [[간]]-[[:en:CYP2B6]] (minor route) to [[:en:desmethyldiazepam]], [[:en:CYP2C19]] (major route) to inactive metabolites, [[:en:CYP3A4]] (major route) to desmethyldiazepam
| elimination_half-life = 20-100 hours (36-200 hours for main active metabolite desmethyldiazepam)
| excretion = [[콩팥]]

<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 439-14-5
| ATC_prefix = N05
| ATC_suffix = BA01
| ATC_supplemental =
| PubChem = 3016
| IUPHAR_ligand = 3364
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00829
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 2908
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = Q3JTX2Q7TU
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00293
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 49575
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 12

<!--Chemical data-->
| C=16 | H=13 | Cl=1 | N=2 | O=1
| molecular_weight = 284.7 g/mol
| smiles = CN1C2=C(C(C3=CC=CC=C3)=NCC1=O)C=C(Cl)C=C2
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C16H13ClN2O/c1-19-14-8-7-12(17)9-13(14)16(18-10-15(19)20)11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-9H,10H2,1H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
'''디아제팜'''({{lang|en|Diazepam}}, 제품 상의 첫 표기: Valium 발륨)은 스위스 로슈(Roche)사가 개발한 [[벤조디아제핀]]계 신경 안정제이다. 통상적으로 [[불안장애|불안 장애]], [[알코올 금단 증후군]], [[벤조디아제핀 금단 증후군]], [[경련]], [[뇌전증 발작|발작]], [[불면증]], [[하지불안 증후군]]을 포함한 다양한 질병 치료에 사용되므로, 의존성 등 오남용의 우려가 있는 '''향정신성의약품'''으로 엄연히 분류된다.<ref name=Cal2014>{{저널 인용|last1=Calcaterra|first1=NE|last2=Barrow|first2=JC|title=Classics in chemical neuroscience: diazepam (valium).|journal=ACS Chemical Neuroscience|date=16 April 2014|volume=5|issue=4|pages=253–60|pmid=24552479|doi=10.1021/cn5000056|pmc=3990949}}</ref>

디아제팜은 [[레오 스턴바크]]가 처음 합성하였고, [[호프만 라 로슈]]에 의해 처음 제조되었다. 1963년 출시 이후로 세계에서 가장 흔히 처방되는 약물들 가운데 하나가 되었다. 디아제팜은 [[의료제도]]에 필수적인, 가장 효과적이고 안전한 약물이 나열된 [[WHO 필수 의약품 목록|WHO 필수 약물 목록]]에 등재되어 있다.<ref name=WHO19th>{{웹 인용|title=WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)|url=http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=8 December 2016|date=April 2015}}</ref>

== 적응증 ==
* 신경증에서의 긴장을 동반한 불안 장애
* 정신신체장애에서의 불안, 긴장, 우울
* 마취전 투약
* 알코올 금단증상
* 골격근경련 또는 소발작 간질의 부가 요법제

== 동물에서의 이용 ==
디아제팜은 고양이와 개를 위한 [[항불안제]]로 사용되며<ref name="Merck vet diazepam">{{웹 인용 | url = http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/190302.htm | title = Drugs Affecting Appetite (Monogastric) | publisher = The Merck Veterinary Manual | accessdate = 2014-01-04 | 보존url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121028205743/http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm%2Fbc%2F190302.htm | 보존날짜 = 2012-10-28 | url-status = dead }}</ref> 식욕자극제로 이용되기도 한다.<ref name="Merck vet diazepam" /><ref>{{저널 인용|vauthors=Rahminiwati M, Nishimura M | title = Effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and diazepam on feeding behavior in mice | journal = The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science | volume = 61 | issue = 4 | pages = 351-5 | date = April 1999 | pmid = 10342284 | doi = 10.1292/jvms.61.351 }}</ref> 개와 고양이의 발작을 중지시키는데 사용될 수도 있다.<ref>{{웹 인용 | title = Anticonvulsants Used to Stop Ongoing Seizure Activity | url = http://www.merckmanuals.com/vet/pharmacology/systemic_pharmacotherapeutics_of_the_nervous_system/anticonvulsants_used_to_stop_ongoing_seizure_activity.html#v3331734 | accessdate = 10 January 2014 | author = Linda Shell | date = March 2012 | quote = Dogs and Cats:<br />A variety of drugs can be used to stop seizures in dogs and cats.<br />Benzodiazepines:<br />Diazepam is the most common benzodiazepine used in dogs and cats to reduce motor activity and permit placement of an IV catheter. | archive-date = 2014-01-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140110200807/http://www.merckmanuals.com/vet/pharmacology/systemic_pharmacotherapeutics_of_the_nervous_system/anticonvulsants_used_to_stop_ongoing_seizure_activity.html#v3331734 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="Pet seizures">{{웹 인용| last = Hines | first = Ron DVM PhD | date = 2006-01-14 | url = http://www.2ndchance.info/epilepsy.htm | title = Epilepsy in Your Dog Or Cat | publisher = Second Chance Sanctuary Pet Health Center | accessdate = May 18, 2006}}</ref>

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
{{위키공용분류}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140110191909/http://www.roche-australia.com/fmfiles/re7229005/downloads/central-nervous-agents/valium-pi.pdf Roche Pharmaceuticals (AUS) - Valium Product Information]
* [http://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/dpdirect.jsp?name=Diazepam US National Library of Medicine: Drug Information Portal - Diazepam]

{{항경련제}}
{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:벤조디아제핀]]
[[분류:호프만 라 로슈]]
[[분류:락탐]]
[[분류:세계 보건 기구 필수 의약품]]
[[분류:GABAA 양성 알로스테릭 조절자]]
[[분류:글라이신 수용체 대항제]]
[[분류:클로로아렌]]
[[분류:응급용 화학 물질]]