{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
'''핵 전자파 펄스'''({{lang|en|nuclear electromagnetic pulse}}, nuclear EMP, NEMP)는 [[핵폭발]]로 인해 발생하는 [[전자기파]] 파열이다. 그 결과로 생기는 빠르게 변화하는 [[전기장]]과 [[자기장]]은 해로운 전류와 [[전압 스파이크|전압 급등]]을 일으키는 전기적, 전자적 시스템과 결부될 수 있다. 핵 EMP 사건의 특징은 여러 요인에 따라 다양한데, 그 요인 가운데 가장 중요한 것은 폭파 [[고도 (높이)|고도]]이다.

"전자파 펄스"라는 용어는 일반적으로 광선(적외선, 가시광선, 자외선)과 전이선(예: 엑스레이, 감마선)은 제외된다.

== 역사 ==
전자파 펄스가 핵폭발에 의해 발생된다는 사실은 핵무기 시험 초기에 알려졌다. 그러나 EMP의 등급과 그 영향의 중대함은 그 즉시 식별되지 못했다.<ref name="science">Broad, William J. "Nuclear Pulse (I): Awakening to the Chaos Factor", ''Science''. 29 May 1981 212: 1009–1012</ref>

1945년 7월 16일 [[트리니티 (핵 실험)|미국의 첫 핵실험]] 중 전자장비는 차폐되었는데 그 이유는 [[엔리코 페르미]]가 전자파 펄스를 예측하였기 때문이다. 최초 핵 실험의 공식 기술적 기록에 따르면 "모든 신호선은 완전히 차폐되었으며 다수의 경우 두 번 차폐되었다. 기록 장비를 마비시킨 폭발 당시 거짓된 개선으로 인해 기록 중 상당수가 소실되었다."<ref>Bainbridge, K.T., (Report LA-6300-H), Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. May 1976. p. 53 [https://fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00317133.pdf ''Trinity'']</ref>

== 같이 보기 ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

* [[지향성 에너지 무기]] (DEW)
* [[전자파 적합성]] (EMC)
* [[전자기학]]
* [[전자전]]
* [[패러데이 전자기 유도 법칙]]
* [[감마선 폭발]]
* [[지자기폭풍]]
* [[지향성 에너지 무기]]
* [[스타피시 프라임]]
* [[핵테러]]
}}

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 출처 ==
* {{FS1037C MS188}}
* Vladimir Gurevich "Cyber and Electromagnetic Threats in Modern Relay Protection" - CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group), Boca Raton – New York – London, 2014, 222 p.
* Vladimir Gurevich "Protection of Substation Critical Equipment Against Intentional Electromagnetic Threats" - Wiley, London, 2016, 300 p.
* Vladimir Gurevich "Protecting Electrical Equipment: Good Practices for Preventing High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Impacts" - De Gruyter, Berlin, 2019, 400 p.

== 추가 문헌 ==
* {{웹 인용 |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1051492.pdf |title=Assessing the Threat From EMP Attack - Executive Report |last=COMMISSION TO ASSESS THE THREAT TO THE UNITED STATES FROM ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE (EMP) ATTACK |date=July 2017 |website=www.dtic.mil |확인날짜=2020-02-15 |archive-date=2019-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210011936/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1051492.pdf |url-status=dead }}
* {{ISBN|978-1-59-248389-1}} A 21st Century Complete Guide to Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack Threats, Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic ... High-Altitude Nuclear Weapon EMP Attacks (CD-ROM)
* {{ISBN|978-0-16-056127-6}} Threat posed by electromagnetic pulse (EMP) to U.S. military systems and civil infrastructure: Hearing before the Military Research and Development Subcommittee - first session, hearing held July 16, 1997 (Unknown Binding)
* {{ISBN|978-0-471-01403-4}} Electromagnetic Pulse Radiation and Protective Techniques
* {{ISBN|978-0-16-080927-9}} Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack

== 외부 링크 ==
{{위키공용분류|Electromagnetic pulse}}
* {{저널 인용|last1=Glasstone |first1=Samuel |last2=Dolan |first2=Philip J. |url=http://www.princeton.edu/sgs/publications/articles/effects/ |title=The Effects of Nuclear Weapons |publisher=United States Department of Defense |year=1977 |ref=harv |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821200512/http://www.princeton.edu/sgs/publications/articles/effects/ |archivedate=2009-08-21 }}
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/report/1988/CM2.htm GlobalSecurity.org – Electromagnetic Pulse: From chaos to a manageable solution]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19961213134039/http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/eng-pamphlets/ep.htm Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) and Tempest Protection for Facilities] – [[미국 육군 공병대]]
* [http://glasstone.blogspot.com/2006/03/emp-radiation-from-nuclear-space.html EMP data from ''Starfish'' nuclear test measured by Richard Wakefield of LANL, and review of evidence pertaining to the effects 1,300&nbsp;km away in Hawaii, also review of Russian EMP tests of 1962]
* [https://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/permalink/meta-crs-6028 Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding HEMP]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125084016/http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/basic_profile.cfm?ident_number=204459 MIL-STD-188-125-1]
* [http://science.howstuffworks.com/e-bomb.htm How E-Bombs Work]
* [http://www.empcommission.org Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070113/http://economicsnewspaper.com/economics/are-nuclear-power-plants-would-survive-a-nuclear-electromagnetic-pulse-or-a-solar-storm-5181.html NEMP and Nuclear plant]
* [https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-coordinating-national-resilience-electromagnetic-pulses/ U.S. Presidential Executive Order concerning EMP] {{웨이백|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-coordinating-national-resilience-electromagnetic-pulses/ |date=20190328011208 }}
* [https://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/517702?rskey=FnjCu8&result=2/ Protecting Electrical Equipment: good practice for preventing high altitude electromagnetic pulse impacts, De Gruyter, 2019]{{깨진 링크|url=https://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/517702?rskey=FnjCu8&result=2%2F }}

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:전자기파]]
[[분류:에너지 무기]]
[[분류:핵무기]]
[[분류:폭탄]]
[[분류:전자전]]