{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
과학계는 수십 년 동안 '''기후변화의 원인'''을 조사해 왔다. 수천 번의 연구 끝에 "산업화 이전 시대부터 인간의 영향이 대기, 해양 및 육지를 따뜻하게 했다는 것은 명백하다"는 [[기후변화에 대한 과학적 합의|합의]]에 이르렀다.<ref name="AR6WG1CH3">{{서적 인용|last1=Eyring |first1=Veronika |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}} |last2=Gillett |first2=Nathan P. |last3=Achutarao |first3=Krishna M. |last4=Barimalala |first4=Rondrotiana |last5=Barreiro Parrillo |first5=Marcelo |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |year=2021 |chapter=Chapter 3: Human influence on the climate system |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch3|2021}} |display-authors=4 |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter_03.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|3}} 이러한 기후변화는 화석 연료 연소로 인한 이산화탄소의 직접적인 배출로 인해 발생했다.<ref name="opr list of scientific organizations">{{인용|date=n.d. |author=OPR |title=Office of Planning and Research (OPR) List of Organizations |url=http://opr.ca.gov/s_listoforganizations.php |publisher=OPR, Office of the Governor, State of California |access-date=30 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401120753/http://opr.ca.gov/s_listoforganizations.php |archive-date=1 April 2014 }}. Archived page: The source appears to incorrectly list the Society of Biology (UK) twice.</ref> 토지 이용 변화로 인한 간접적인 CO2 배출과 메탄, 아산화질소 및 기타 온실가스 배출이 주요 지원 역할을 한다.<ref name="AR6WG1CH3" />

[[온실 효과]]로 인한 온난화는 온실가스 농도와 대수 관계를 갖는다. 이는 대기 중 {{CO2}} 및 기타 온실가스의 모든 추가 부분이 전체 농도가 증가함에 따라 그 이전 부분보다 약간 더 작은 온난화 효과를 갖는다는 것을 의미한다. 그러나 {{CO2}} 배출량의 약 절반만이 대기 중에 지속적으로 존재하며, 나머지 절반은 육지와 해양의 [[탄소흡수원]]에 의해 빠르게 흡수된다.<ref name=":0">Bindoff, N.L., W.W.L. Cheung, J.G. Kairo, J. Arístegui, V.A. Guinder, R. Hallberg, N. Hilmi, N. Jiao, M.S. Karim, L. Levin, S. O’Donoghue, S.R. Purca Cuicapusa, B. Rinkevich, T. Suga, A. Tagliabue, and P. Williamson, 2019: [https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2022/03/07_SROCC_Ch05_FINAL.pdf Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/ IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, N.M. Weyer (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 447–587. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157964.007</nowiki>.</ref>{{rp|450}} 또한 온실가스 단위당 온난화는 수증기 농도나 지구의 알베도([[반사율]]) 변화와 같은 피드백의 영향을 받는다.<ref name="AR6_Glossary">IPCC, 2021: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_AnnexVII.pdf Annex VII: Glossary] [Matthews, J.B.R., V. Möller, R. van Diemen, J.S. Fuglestvedt, V. Masson-Delmotte, C.  Méndez, S. Semenov, A. Reisinger (eds.)]. In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2215–2256, [[doi:10.1017/9781009157896.022]].</ref>{{rp|2233}}

{{CO2}}로 인한 온난화가 증가함에 따라 탄소흡수원은 총 배출량의 더 적은 부분을 흡수하는 반면, "빠른" 기후 변화 피드백은 온실가스 온난화를 증폭시킨다. 따라서 두 가지 효과는 서로 고려되며 인간이 배출하는 각 {{CO2}} 단위의 온난화는 총 배출량에 선형 비례하여 온도를 증가시킨다.<ref name="AR6WG1CH5">{{서적 인용|last1=Canadell |first1=J. G. |last2=Monteiro |first2=P. M. S. |last3=Costa |first3=M. H. |last4=Cotrim da Cunha |first4=L. |last5=Ishii |first5=M. |last6=Jaccard |first6=S. |last7=Cox |first7=P. M. |last8=Eliseev |first8=A. V. |last9=Henson |first9=S. |last10=Koven |first10=C. |last11=Lohila |first11=A. |last12=Patra |first12=P. K. |last13=Piao |first13=S. |last14=Rogelj |first14=J. |last15=Syampungani |first15=S. |last16=Zaehle |first16=S. |last17=Zickfeld |first17=K. |year=2021 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}} |chapter=Global Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles and Feedbacks |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021}} |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter_05.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|746}} 더욱이, 온실 온난화의 일부는 냉각 효과가 있는 에어로졸을 형성하는 인간에 의한 [[이산화 황]] 배출로 인해 "가려졌다". 그러나 이러한 마스킹은 [[산성비]]와 황산염으로 인한 [[대기 오염]]을 방지하기 위한 조치로 인해 최근 몇 년 동안 줄어들고 있다.<ref name="Quaas2022">{{저널 인용|last1=Quaas |first1=Johannes |last2=Jia |first2=Hailing |last3=Smith |first3=Chris |last4=Albright |first4=Anna Lea |last5=Aas |first5=Wenche |last6=Bellouin |first6=Nicolas |last7=Boucher |first7=Olivier |last8=Doutriaux-Boucher |first8=Marie |last9=Forster |first9=Piers M. |last10=Grosvenor |first10=Daniel |last11=Jenkins |first11=Stuart |last12=Klimont |first12=Zbigniew |last13=Loeb |first13=Norman G. |last14=Ma |first14=Xiaoyan |last15=Naik |first15=Vaishali |last16=Paulot |first16=Fabien |last17=Stier |first17=Philip |last18=Wild |first18=Martin |last19=Myhre |first19=Gunnar |last20=Schulz |first20=Michael |date=21 September 2022 |title=Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing |url=https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/12221/2022/ |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=12221–12239 |language=en |doi=10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022 |s2cid=252446168 |hdl=20.500.11850/572791 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ACP....2212221Q }}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용|last1=Cao |first1=Yang |last2=Zhu |first2=Yannian |last3=Wang |first3=Minghuai |last4=Rosenfeld |first4=Daniel |last5=Liang |first5=Yuan |last6=Liu |first6=Jihu |last7=Liu |first7=Zhoukun |last8=Bai |first8=Heming |date=7 January 2023 | title=Emission Reductions Significantly Reduce the Hemispheric Contrast in Cloud Droplet Number Concentration in Recent Two Decades |journal=  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres| volume=128 |issue=2 |page=e2022JD037417 |doi=10.1029/2022JD037417 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023JGRD..12837417C }}</ref>

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 |editor-last4=Dokken|editor4-first=D. J.
 |editor-last5=Stewart|editor5-first=B. C.
 |editor-last6=Maycock|editor6-first=T. K.
 |display-editors=4
 |location=Washington, D.C.
 |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program
 |doi=10.7930/J0J964J6
}}
* {{저널 인용
 |last1=Wild |first1=M.
 |last2=Gilgen |first2=Hans
 |last3=Roesch |first3=Andreas
 |last4=Ohmura |first4=Atsumu
 |last5=Long |first5=Charles
 |s2cid=13124021
 |display-authors=4
 |year=2005
 |title=From Dimming to Brightening: Decadal Changes in Solar Radiation at Earth's Surface
 |journal=Science |volume=308 |issue=5723
 |doi=10.1126/science.1103215 |pages=847–850 |pmid=15879214 |bibcode=2005Sci...308..847W
}}
* {{서적 인용
 |ref={{harvid|WMO|2021}}
 |publisher=[[World Meteorological Organization]]
 |title=WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2020
 |url=https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=10618
 |year=2021
 |location=Geneva
 |series=WMO-No. 1264
 |isbn=978-92-63-11264-4
 |access-date=1 April 2024
 |archive-date=19 April 2021
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162743/https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=10618
 |url-status=dead
 }}
* {{저널 인용
 |last1=Wolff |first1=Eric W.
 |last2=Shepherd |first2=John G.
 |last3=Shuckburgh |first3=Emily
 |last4=Watson |first4=Andrew J.
 |title=Feedbacks on climate in the Earth system: introduction
 |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
 |pmid=26438277 |pmc=4608041 |doi=10.1098/rsta.2014.0428 |date=2015
 |volume=373 |issue=2054 |page=20140428|bibcode=2015RSPTA.37340428W
 }}

==== IPCC reports ====
{{참고 자료 시작}}

=====Fourth Assessment Report=====
<!--     Short-cite {{harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} links to this citation. -->
* {{서적 인용|ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}}
 |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
 |year =2007
 |title=Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
 |series=Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|Fourth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
 |display-editors=4
 |editor-first1=S. |editor-last1=Solomon
 |editor-first2=D. |editor-last2=Qin
 |editor-first3=M. |editor-last3=Manning
 |editor-first4=Z. |editor-last4=Chen
 |editor-first5=M. |editor-last5=Marquis
 |editor-first6=K. B. |editor-last6=Averyt
 |editor-first7=M. |editor-last7=Tignor
 |editor-first8=H. L. |editor-last8=Miller
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html
 |isbn=978-0-521-88009-1
}}

** {{서적 인용|ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007}}
 |chapter=Chapter 9: Understanding and Attributing Climate Change
 |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter9.pdf
 |year=2007
 |display-authors=4
 |first1=G. C. |last1=Hegerl
 |first2=F. W. |last2=Zwiers
 |first3=P. |last3=Braconnot |author-link3=Pascale Braconnot
 |first4=N. P. |last4=Gillett
 |first5=Y. |last5=Luo
 |first6=J. A. |last6=Marengo Orsini
 |first7=N. |last7=Nicholls
 |first8=J. E. |last8=Penner
 |first9=P. A. |last9=Stott
 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}}
 |pages=663–745
}}

=====Fifth Assessment report=====
* {{서적 인용|ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}<!-- ipcc:20200215 -->
 |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
 |year=2013
 |title=Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis
 |series=Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
 |display-editors=4
 |editor1-first=T. F. |editor1-last=Stocker
 |editor2-first=D. |editor2-last=Qin
 |editor3-first=G.-K. |editor3-last=Plattner
 |editor4-first=M. |editor4-last=Tignor
 |editor5-first=S. K. |editor5-last=Allen
 |editor6-first=J. |editor6-last=Boschung
 |editor7-first=A. |editor7-last=Nauels
 |editor8-first=Y. |editor8-last=Xia
 |editor9-first=V. |editor9-last=Bex
 |editor10-first=P. M. |editor10-last=Midgley
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |place=Cambridge, UK & New York
 |isbn=978-1-107-05799-9 <!-- ISBN in printed source is incorrect. -->
 |url=http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_ALL_FINAL.pdf <!-- Same file, new url per IPCC. -->
}}. [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis – IPCC]
** {{서적 인용|ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013}}
 |chapter=Chapter 2: Observations: Atmosphere and Surface
 |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2017/09/WG1AR5_Chapter02_FINAL.pdf
 |year=2013
 |display-authors=4
 |first1=D. L. |last1=Hartmann
 |first2=A. M. G. |last2=Klein Tank
 |first3=M. |last3=Rusticucci
 |first4=L. V. |last4=Alexander
 |first5=S. |last5=Brönnimann
 |first6=Y. |last6=Charabi
 |first7=F. J. |last7=Dentener
 |first8=E. J. |last8=Dlugokencky
 |first9=D. R. |last9=Easterling
 |first10=A. |last10=Kaplan
 |first11=B. J. |last11=Soden
 |first12=P. W. |last12=Thorne
 |first13=M. |last13=Wild
 |first14=P. M. |last14=Zhai
 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}
 |pages=159–254
}}
* {{서적 인용
 |author=IPCC AR5 SYR |author-link=IPCC
 |year=2014
 |title=Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report
 |series=Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
 |editor1=The Core Writing Team
 |editor-first2=R. K. |editor-last2=Pachauri
 |editor-first3=L. A. |editor-last3=Meyer
 |publisher=IPCC
 |place=Geneva, Switzerland
 |isbn=<!-- no isbn -->
 |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/
}}
** {{서적 인용|ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014}}
 |chapter=Annex II: Glossary
 |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_Annexes.pdf
 |year=2014
 |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014}}
}}
=====Special Report: Climate change and Land=====
* {{서적 인용|ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 -->
 |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
 |display-editors=4
 |editor-first1=P. R. |editor-last1=Shukla
 |editor-first2=J. |editor-last2=Skea
 |editor-first3=E. |editor-last3=Calvo Buendia
 |editor-first4=V. |editor-last4=Masson-Delmotte
 |editor-first5=H.-O. |editor-last5=Pörtner
 |editor-first6=D. |editor-last6=C. Roberts
 |editor-first7=P. |editor-last7=Zhai
 |editor-first8=R. |editor-last8=Slade
 |editor-first9=S. |editor-last9=Connors
 |editor-first10=R. |editor-last10=van Diemen
 |editor-first11=M. |editor-last11=Ferrat
 |editor-first12=E. |editor-last12=Haughey
 |editor-first13=S. |editor-last13=Luz
 |editor-first14=S. |editor-last14=Neogi
 |editor-first15=M. |editor-last15=Pathak
 |editor-first16=J. |editor-last16=Petzold
 |editor-first17=J. |editor-last17=Portugal Pereira
 |editor-first18=P. |editor-last18=Vyas
 |editor-first19=E. |editor-last19=Huntley
 |editor-first20=K. |editor-last20=Kissick
 |editor-first21=M. |editor-last21=Belkacemi
 |editor-first22=J. |editor-last22=Malley
 |year=2019
 |title=IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse gas fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems
 |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/SRCCL-Full-Report-Compiled-191128.pdf
 |publisher=In press
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{서적 인용|ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 -->
 |chapter=Summary for Policymakers
 |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2019/12/02_Summary-for-Policymakers_SPM.pdf
 |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC
 |year=2019
 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019}}
 |pages=3–34
}}
<!-- ## -->
** {{서적 인용|ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 -->
 |chapter=Chapter 2: Land-Climate Interactions
 |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/05_Chapter-2.pdf
 |display-authors=4
 |first1=G. |last1=Jia
 |first2=E. |last2=Shevliakova
 |first3=P. E. |last3=Artaxo<!-- 'Artaxo-Netto'? -->
 |first4=N. |last4=De Noblet-Ducoudré
 |first5=R. |last5=Houghton
 |first6=J. |last6=House
 |first7=K. |last7=Kitajima
 |first8=C. |last8=Lennard
 |first9=A. |last9=Popp
 |first10=A. |last10=Sirin
 |first11=R. |last11=Sukumar
 |first12=L. |last12=Verchot
 |year=2019
 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019}}
 |pages=131–247
}}
<!-- ## -->

=====Sixth Assessment Report=====
* {{서적 인용|ref= {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}}
 |author= IPCC |author-link= IPCC
 |year= 2021
 |title= Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis
 |series= Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report|Sixth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
 |display-editors= 4
 |editor1-first=V. |editor1-last=Masson-Delmotte
 |editor2-first=P. |editor2-last=Zhai
 |editor3-first=A. |editor3-last=Pirani
 |editor4-first=S. L. |editor4-last=Connors
 |editor5-first=C. |editor5-last=Péan
 |editor6-first=S. |editor6-last=Berger
 |editor7-first=N. |editor7-last=Caud
 |editor8-first=Y. |editor8-last=Chen
 |editor9-first=L. |editor9-last=Goldfarb
 |editor10-first=M. I. |editor10-last=Gomis
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] (In Press)
 |place=Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US
 |isbn=
 |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf
}}
** {{서적 인용|ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021}}
 |chapter=Technical Summary
 |last1=Arias |first1=Paola A.
 |last2=Bellouin |first2=Nicolas
 |last3=Coppola |first3=Erika
 |last4=Jones |first4=Richard G.
 |last5=Krinner |first5=Gerhard
 |display-authors=4
 |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_TS.pdf
 |year=2021
 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}}
 |pages=
}}

{{참고 자료 끝}}

===Attribution===
*{{Include-USGov
 | agency=US EPA
 | source={{인용|year=2009 |title=Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act. EPA's Response to Public Comments |publisher=US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |author=EPA |url=http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/endangerment/#comments |access-date=23 June 2011 |archive-date=14 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814230051/http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/endangerment/#comments |url-status=live }}.
}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* [https://www.ipcc.ch/ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]
* [http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-guide UK Met Office: Climate Guide]
* [https://www.noaa.gov/climate NOAA Climate website] – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the United States

{{기후 변화}}

[[분류:기후 변화]]
[[분류:기후변동변화사]]
[[분류:전지구적 환경문제]]
[[분류:인간이 환경에 미치는 영향]]
[[분류:에너지 산업이 환경에 미치는 영향]]
[[분류:기후학]]