{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{다른 뜻}}
<div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:163px;overflow:hidden">[[파일:Vajrayogini_from_Thangka.jpg|대체글=Vajrayogini|164x164픽셀]]</img></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:197px;max-width:197px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:163px;overflow:hidden">[[파일:A_Yantra_with_Tamil_Om_symbol_in_center,_at_a_Mariamman_Temple.jpg|대체글=Sri Yantra|195x195픽셀]]</img></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:168px;max-width:168px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:192px;overflow:hidden">[[파일:Mandala_Depicting_Kalachakra_and_Vishvamata,_Tibet.jpg|대체글=Chakra|193x193픽셀]]</img></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:192px;overflow:hidden">[[파일:Crown_Brow_Throat_Chakras,_Rajasthan_18th_Century.jpg|대체글=Kalacakra|192x192픽셀]]</img></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:310px;max-width:310px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:463px;overflow:hidden">[[파일:Vajradhara_L2012.81_03.jpg|대체글=Yab Yum|464x464픽셀]]</img></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"> 탄트라 예술. 왼쪽 위부터 시계 방향으로: 바즈라요기니 (불교), 스리 얀트라 (힌두), [[Chakra|차크라]] 일러스트레이션, 찰라차크라 만다라, 다키니</div></div></div></div>

{{힌두교}}
'''탄트라'''({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|æ|n|t|r|ə}} ; {{Lang-sa|तन्त्र|lit=loom, weave, warp}})는 [[힌두교]]와 [[불교]] 모두에서 CE 1천년 중반부터 [[인도 아대륙]]에서 발전한 난해한 [[요가 학파|요가]] 전통을 의미한다.{{Sfnp|Gray|2016}} [[인도 문화권|인도]] 전통에서 탄트라라는 용어는 체계적으로 광범위하게 적용할 수 있는 "문헌, 이론, 체계, 방법, 도구, 기술 또는 관행"을 의미하기도 하다.<ref name="Barrett2008p12">{{괄호 없는 하버드 인용|Barrett|2008|p=12}}</ref>{{Sfnp|Flood|2006}} 이러한 전통의 주요 특징은 [[만트라]]를 사용하는 것이므로 일반적으로 힌두교에서는 '''만트라마르가'''("만트라의 길")라고 하며 불교에서는 '''만트라야나'''("만트라 차량") 및 '''구야만트라'''("비밀 만트라")라고 한다.{{Sfnp|Bisschop|2020}}{{Sfnp|Kongtrul|2005}}

공통 시대의 초기 세기부터 [[비슈누]], [[시바]] 또는 [[샤크티]]를 중심으로 새롭게 드러난 탄트라가 등장했다.{{Sfnp|Flood|2006}} [[샤이바 싯단타|시바 싯단타]] 전통, [[슈리 비드야|스리 비드야]]의 [[샤크티파]], [[카울라(힌두교)|카울라]] 및 [[카슈미르 샤이비즘|카슈미르 시바파]]와 같은 현대 힌두교의 모든 주요 형태에는 탄트라 계보가 있다.

불교에서 [[밀교 (불교)|밀교]] 전통은 인도 [[탄트라(불교)|탄트라 불경]]에 기반을 둔 탄트라 사상과 관행으로 알려져 있다.{{Sfnp|Flood|2006}} {{Sfnp|Gyatso|2000}} 그들은 [[티베트 불교|인도-티베트 불교]], [[중국 밀교]], 일본 [[진언종]] 및 네팔 [[네와르 불교]]를 포함한다. [[남부 밀교|남방 밀교]]는 탄트라를 직접적으로 언급하지는 않지만 그 수행과 사상은 탄트라와 유사하다.

탄트라 힌두교와 불교 전통은 [[자이나교]], 티베트 [[뵌교]] 전통, [[도교]], 일본 [[신토]] 전통과 같은 다른 [[동양 종교|동양 종교 전통]]에도 영향을 미쳤다.{{Sfnp|Gray|2016}}

[[푸자]]와 같은 비[[베다]] 숭배의 특정 방식은 개념과 의식에서 탄트라로 간주된다. [[만디르|힌두 사원]] 건물도 일반적으로 탄트라의 도상학을 따른다.{{Sfnp|Padoux|2013}}{{Sfnp|Flood|2006}} 이러한 주제를 설명하는 힌두교 텍스트를 탄트라, [[아가마]] 또는 [[삼히타]]라고 한다.{{Sfnp|Padoux|2013}}{{Sfnp|Lorenzen|2002}} 불교에서 탄트라는 인도의 역사적인 동굴 사원과 동남아시아의 예술뿐만 아니라 티베트와 [[동남아시아|동아시아]] 불교의 예술과 도상학에 영향을 미쳤다.{{Sfnp|Beer|2003}}{{Sfnp|Berkson|1986}}{{Sfnp|Fraser-Lu|Stadtner|2015}}

== 각주 ==

=== 인용주 ===
{{각주|40em|group=note}}

=== 참조주 ===
{{각주}}

=== 참고 문헌 ===
 {{참고 자료 시작|30em}}
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* {{서적 인용|title=Tantra Illuminated|last=Wallis|first=Christopher|year=2012|publisher=Anusara Press|isbn=978-1937104016}}
* {{서적 인용|title=Lotus Sutra|last=Watson|first=Burton (trans)|year=1994|publisher=Columbia University Press|chapter=Chapter Twenty-six: Dharani|isbn=978-0231081610|archive-url=https://archive.today/20030325001524/http://lotus.nichirenshu.org/lotus/sutra/english/watson/lsw_chap26.htm|archive-date=25 March 2003|url-status=dead|chapter-url=http://lotus.nichirenshu.org/lotus/sutra/english/watson/lsw_chap26.htm}}
* {{서적 인용|title=Making Sense of Tantric Buddhism: History, Semiology, and Transgression in the Indian Traditions|last=Wedemeyer|first=Christian K.|year=2013|publisher=Columbia University Press|pages=155, 252}}
* {{저널 인용|title=Yoga and the Ṛg Veda: An Interpretation of the Keśin Hymn (RV 10, 136)|journal=Religious Studies|last=Werner|first=Karel|author-link=Karel Werner|date=1977|volume=13|issue=3|pages=289–302|doi=10.1017/S0034412500010076|s2cid=170592174}}
* {{서적 인용|title=Tantra in Practice|year=2000|editor-last=White|editor-first=David Gordon|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-05779-8}}
* {{서적 인용|title=Kiss of the Yogini: "Tantric Sex" in its South Asian Contexts|last=White|first=David Gordon|year=2003|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-02783-8}}
* {{서적 인용|title=MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religion|last=White|first=David Gordon|year=2005|editor-last=Jones|editor-first=Lindsay|publisher=MacMillan|chapter=Tantrism: An Overview}}
* {{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZGrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA188|title=The "Yoga Sutra of Patanjali": A Biography|last=White|first=David Gordon|year=2014|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-5005-1}}
* {{서적 인용|title=Buddhist Thought|last1=Williams|first1=Paul|last2=Tribe|first2=Anthony|year=2000|publisher=Routledge}}

{{참고 자료 끝}}

== 추가 자료 ==
 {{참고 자료 시작|2|indent=yes}}
* {{서적 인용|title=History of the Tantric Religion|last=Bhattacharyya|first=N. N.|year=1999|publisher=Manohar|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7304-025-2|ref=none}} Second Revised Edition
* {{서적 인용|title=Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement|last=Davidson|first=Ronald M.|year=2003|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-81-208-1991-7|ref=none}}
* {{서적 인용|title=Tantric Yoga and the Wisdom Goddesses: Spiritual Secrets of Ayurveda|last=Frawley|first=David|year=1994|publisher=Lotus Press|isbn=978-0910261395}}
* {{서적 인용|title=Inner Tantric Yoga: Working with the Universal Shakti|last=Frawley|first=David|year=2008|publisher=Lotus Press|place=Twin Lakes, WI|isbn=978-0-9406-7650-3}}
* {{서적 인용|title=Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls: Popular Goddess Worship in West Bengal|last=McDaniel|first=June|year=2004|publisher=New York: Oxford University Press|ref=none}}
* {{서적 인용|title=The Tantric Way: Art, Science, Ritual|last=Mookerji|first=Ajit|year=1997|publisher=Thames & Hudson|location=London|ref=none}}
* {{서적 인용|title=The Crystal and The Way of Light: Sutra, Tantra and Dzogchen|last=Norbu|first=Chögyal Namkhai|year=1999|publisher=Snow Lion Publications|isbn=978-1-55939-135-1|ref=none}}
* {{서적 인용|title=The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India|last=White|first=David Gordon|author-link=David Gordon White|year=1998|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|ref=none}}
* {{서적 인용|title=Introduction to Tantra:The Transformation of Desire|last=Yeshe|first=Lama Thubten|year=1987|edition=2001, revised|publisher=Wisdom Publications|location=Boston|isbn=0-86171-162-9|ref=none}}
{{참고 자료 끝}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* [https://www.britishmuseum.org/exhibitions/tantra-enlightenment-revolution "Tantra: Enlightenment to Revolution"], [[대영박물관|대영 박물관]], 2021
* {{위키공용분류-줄}}</img>
* {{위키인용집-줄}}</img>
{{요가}}{{명상}}
{{전거 통제}}

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