{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
'''프레드릭 페비 브루스'''(Frederick Fyvie Bruce, 1910년 10월 12일 - 1990년 9월 11일)는 F. F. 브루스 (Bruce)라고도 불리며, 신약성경의 역사적 신뢰성을 지지한 성서학자였다.
[[파일:Ffbruce1.gif|섬네일]]

== 어린 시절 ==
브루스는 스코틀랜드 머리주 엘긴(Elgin) 출신이다. 크리스천 브레들린(플리머스 형제교회) 소속으로 아버딘(Aberdeen) 대학교, 곤빌앤키스칼리지(Gonville and Caius College), 캠브릿지 대학교와 인도-유럽 언어학자인 폴 크레츠머(Paul Kretschmer)와 함께 비엔나 대학교에서 교육받았다.<ref>Hippenhammer, Craighton T., "F.F. Bruce: A Life, by Tim Grass" (2013). Faculty Scholarship – Library Science. Paper 15.  http://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/lsci_facp/15 {{웨이백|url=http://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/lsci_facp/15 |date=20181120092208 }}.</ref>

==커리어==
Edinburgh 대학교와 Leeds 대학교에서 수년간 헬라어를 가르친 후에, 그는 1947년 Sheffield 대학교의 성서역사문학부 학장이 되었다. 아버딘 대학교는 1957년 그에게 명예 신학박사 학위를 수여했다.<ref>W.W. Gasque, "Bruce, F(rederick) F(yvie)", ''Historical Handbook of Major Bible Interpreters'', ed. Donald K. McKim, InterVarsity Press, 1998, p. 444.</ref> 1959년, 그는 맨체스터의 빅토리아 대학교로 옮겼다. 그곳에서 그는 성경 비평 및 주석 교수로 활동했다.<ref name=GosCoalFF>{{웹 인용|title=F.&nbsp;F. Bruce a life |work=The Gospel Coalition|url=http://themelios.thegospelcoalition.org/review/f.-f.-bruce-a-life|access-date=2015-12-17}}</ref>  그는 40권 이상의 책을 저술했으며 The Evangelical Quarterly와 Palestine Exploration Quarterly의 편집자로 일했다. 그는 1978년 교수직에서 은퇴했다.

F.F. 브루스는 사도 바울의 생애와 사역에 대해 연구했고 몇몇 저술을 남겼다. 가장 잘 알려진 것이 '바울(Paul: Apostle of the Free Spirit)'이다. 로버트 모간(Robert Morgan)은 The Journal of Theological Studies에서 다음과 같이 썼다. "1,391개의 각주는 대부분 독일 학술 문헌의 흐름에 대한 깊은 조예와 고전 작품들에 대한 깊은 지식을 반영하고 있다." 그러나 그는 "바울의 사상에 대해 우리에게 전해지는 것들에는 별 논란의 여지가 없는 단조로움이 있다."고 주장했다. 이와 같이 모간은 그 저서가 "동료나 다른 신학자들을 자극하기 보다는 교양 있는 일반 독자와 보수적인 학생들을 대상으로 한다"고 말했다.<ref>{{저널 인용|last=Morgan|first=Robert|date=1979|title=Review of Paul. Apostle of the Free Spirit|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23961706|journal=The Journal of Theological Studies|volume=30|issue=1|pages=274|jstor=23961706|issn=0022-5185|via=JSTOR}}</ref>

F.F. 브루스는 또한 하박국, 요한복음, 사도행전, 로마서, 고린도전후서, 갈라디아서, 에베소서, 골로새서, 빌레몬서, 데살로니가전후서, 빌립보서, 히브리서 요한서신 등의 많은 성경주석을 썼다.

F.F.브루스의 대부분의 저술들은 학술적이었지만, 그는 또한 성경에 관한 많은 대중적인 저술들도 썼다. 그는 신약성서가 역사적으로 신뢰할만하며, 기독교가 주장하는 진리는 그에 의존한다고 보았다. F.F브루스에게 이것은 성경이 항상 정확하다고 의미하는 것은 아니었으며, 그렇다고 해서 불명확성이 혼란을 야기하는 것은 아니었다. 그는 어떤 성경구절들은 여전히 논쟁의 여지가 있지만 그것들이 기독교 신학과 사상에 본질적인 영향을 주지는 않는다고 믿었다. 맨체스터 대학의 동료였던 제임스 바르(James Barr)는 F.F.브루스를 “보수적 자유주의자”로 보았다.<ref>[[Iain Murray (author)|Iain Murray]], ''Evangelicalism Divided'', Edinburgh: Banner of Truth (2000), p. 181; [[John Wenham]], ''Facing Hell: An Autobiography,'' Carlisle: Paternoster Press (1999), p. 195.</ref>

브루스는 H.L. 엘리슨(Ellison)의 친구이자 동료였다.

==개인적인 관점들==
브루스는 처음에 개방적인 형제교회(Open Brethren)에서 자라서 헌신했지만 다양한 곳에서 크리스천 교제에 참여했다.<ref>Arnold Pickering, [http://www.theologicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/cbr/elder_pickering.pdf "F.F. Bruce as a Fellow-Elder"], ''Christian Brethren Research Fellowship Journal'' 22 (Nov. 1971), p. 15f.</ref> 그는 형제교회의 교제와 수용을 기쁘게 받아들였으나, 자신의 개인적인 신념에 대해서는 매우 독특한 입장을 취했다. 그는 형제교회에서 일반적으로 받아들인 세대주의를 결코 수용하지 않았지만<ref>F.F. Bruce, [http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/eq/1st-gospel_bruce.pdf "The End of the First Gospel"] {{웨이백|url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/eq/1st-gospel_bruce.pdf |date=20230224152815 }}, ''The Evangelical Quarterly'' 12 (1940), pp. 203–214.</ref>, 조지 엘던 래드(George Eldon Ladd)와 유사한<ref name="FFBALife37-38">{{서적 인용|title=F.&nbsp;F. Bruce: A Life|last=Grass|first=Tim|year=2012|publisher=Paternoster|location=Milton Keynes|pages=37–38|isbn=978-0-8028-6723-0}}</ref> 역사적 전천년설<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.geocities.com/lasttrumpet_2000/2thess2.html|title=AntiChrist Comes First|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050216165745/http://www.geocities.com/lasttrumpet_2000/2thess2.html|archive-date=16 February 2005|url-status=bot: unknown|access-date=2015-12-25|df=dmy-all}}</ref>을 지지했을 수도 있다.

==영예==
브루스는 그의 동료들과 학생들로부터 두 번의 학술작품을 받았다. 하나는 그의 60번째 생일을 기념하기 위한 것이고, 다른 하나는 그의 70번째 생일을 기념하기 위한 것이었다. 1970년에 출간된 "Apostolic History and the Gospel: F.F.브루스의 60번째 생일을 기념하여 바친 성경 역사 에세이"에는 E. M. Blaiklock, E. Earle Ellis, I. Howard Marshall, Bruce M. Metzger, William Barclay, G. E. Ladd, A. R. Millard, Leon Morris, Bo Reicke, 그리고 Donald Guthrie 등의 기여가 포함되어 있다. 1980년에 출간된 "Pauline Studies: F.F.브루스 70번째 생일을 기념하여 바친 에세이"에는 Peter T. O'Brien, David Wenham, Ronald E. Clements, 그리고 Moisés Silva의 기여가 포함되어 있다. C. F. D. Moule과 Robert H. Gundry는 두 권 모두에 기여했다.

브루스는 영국 학회(British Academy)의 회원으로 선출되었으며, 1965년에는 구약학회와,<ref>{{서적 인용|title=F.&nbsp;F. Bruce: A Life|last=Grass|first=Tim|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2011|isbn=9780802867230|location=Grand Rapids|pages=229}}</ref> 신약학회의 회장도 역임했다.

== 선별된 작품 ==

===책===
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |title=Are the New Testament Documents Reliable? |location=Downers Grove, IL |publisher=InterVarsity Press |date=1943 |oclc=558247493 }} - republished as ''New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable?''
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Hittites and the Old Testament |series=Tyndale Old Testament Lecture, 1947 |location=London |publisher=The Tyndale Press |date=1948 |oclc=18294175 }}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/hittites_bruce.pdf |title=The Hittites and the Old Testament |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809130656/https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/hittites_bruce.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Books and the Parchments |location=London |publisher=Pickering & Inglis |date=1950 |oclc=767902467 }})
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Acts of the Apostles: The Greek Text With Introduction and Commentary |location=London |publisher=Tyndale Press |edition=1st |date=1951 |oclc=555539952 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Acts of the Apostles: The Greek Text With Introduction and Commentary |location=London |publisher=Tyndale Press |edition=2nd |date=1952 |oclc=555539952 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Book of the Acts |series=New International Commentary on the New Testament |location=Grand Rapids, MI |publisher=Eerdmans |date=1955 |oclc=36238079 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Second Thoughts on the Dead Sea Scrolls |location=London |publisher=Paternoster Press |date=1956 |oclc=458914633 }}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/book_dss_bruce.html |title=Second Thoughts on the Dead Sea Scrolls |access-date=11 April 2019 |archive-date=29 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629201028/https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/book_dss_bruce.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |author2-last=Simpson |author2-first=Edmund K. |author2-link=Edmund K. Simpson |title=The Epistles to the Colossians and the Ephesians |series=New International Commentary on the New Testament |location=Grand Rapids, MI |publisher=Eerdmans |date=1957 |oclc=814437503 }} - Bruce wrote the Colossians commentary, and Edmund K. Simpson wrote the Ephesians commentary; see the 1984 replacement below entirely by Bruce.
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Teacher of Righteousness in the Qumran Texts |series=Tyndale lecture in biblical archaeology, 1956 |location=London |publisher=The Tyndale Press |date=1957 |oclc=316107722 }}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/qumran_bruce.pdf |title=The Teacher of Righteousness in the Qumran Texts |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185458/http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/qumran_bruce.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Apostolic Defence of the Gospel |location=London |publisher=Inter-Varsity Press |date=1959 |oclc=752714965 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Biblical Exegesis in the Qumran Texts |location=London |publisher=The Tyndale Press |date=1960 |oclc=717014079 }}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/qumran-exegesis_bruce.pdf |title=Biblical Exegesis in the Qumran Texts |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191450/http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/qumran-exegesis_bruce.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Paul and his Converts: 1 and 2 Thessalonians, 1 and 2 Corinthians |series=Bible guides |volume=17 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Lutterworth Press |date=1962 |oclc=1070713 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The English Bible: a history of translations from the earliest English versions to the new English bible |location=London |publisher=Methuen |date=1963 |oclc=247461547 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Epistle of Paul to the Romans: an introduction and commentary |series=[[Tyndale New Testament Commentaries]] |location=London |publisher=The Tyndale Press |date=1963 |oclc=923307860 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Israel and the Nations: from the Exodus to the fall of the Second Temple |location=Exeter |publisher=Paternoster Press |date=1963 |isbn=9780853641506 |oclc=803956125 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Epistle to the Hebrews |series=[[New International Commentary on the New Testament]] |location=Grand Rapids, MI |publisher=Eerdmans |date=1964 |isbn=9780802823168 |oclc=21194883 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=An Expanded Paraphrase of the Epistles Of Paul |location=Exeter |publisher=Paternoster Press |date=1965 |oclc=557807782 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Spreading Flame |series=The Paternoster Church History |volume=1 |location=Exeter |publisher=Paternoster Press |date=1966 |oclc=251857737 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=This is That: The New Testament development of some Old Testament themes |location=Exeter |publisher=Paternoster Press |date=1968 |isbn=9780853640868 |oclc=839915326 }} - (published in the US as ''New Testament Development of Old Testament Themes'')
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=New Testament History |location=London |publisher=Oliphants |date=1969 |isbn=9780551005112 |oclc=613833907 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Epistles of John |location=London |publisher=Pickering & Inglis |date=1970 |isbn=9780720800524 |oclc=148762 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=I & II Corinthians |series=New Century Bible |location=London |publisher=Oliphants |date=1971 |isbn=9780802818393 |oclc=865488780 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Answers to Questions |location=Exeter |publisher=Paternoster Press |date=1972 |isbn=0-85364-101-3 |oclc=468662165 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Message of the New Testament |series=The Christian Student's Library |volume=10 |location=Exeter, UK |publisher=Paternoster |date=1972 |isbn=9780853641285 |oclc=751551126 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The 'Secret' Gospel of Mark: The Ethel M. Wood lecture delivered before the University of London on 11 February 1974 |location=London |publisher=The Athlone Press  |date=1974 |isbn=9780485143188 |oclc=847236667 }}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/mark_bruce.pdf |title=The 'Secret' Gospel of Mark |access-date=15 March 2019 |archive-date=20 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120092622/https://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/mark_bruce.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Jesus and Christian Origins Outside the New Testament |location=London |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |date=1974 |isbn=9780340158685 |oclc=301397862 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Paul: Apostle of The Free Spirit |location=Exeter |publisher=Paternoster Press |date=1977 |isbn=9780853642091 |oclc=807386375 }} Published in the US as ''Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free''. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans {{ISBN|9780802835017}}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=History of the Bible in English |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=1978 |isbn=9780195200874 |oclc=1080679374 }} - (3rd edition of "The English Bible", 1963)
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Men and Movements in the Primitive Church |location=Exeter |publisher=Paternoster Press |date=1979 |isbn=9780853642794 |oclc=230045030 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Epistle of Paul to the Galatians: a commentary on the Greek text |series=New International Greek Testament Commentary |location=Grand Rapids, MI |publisher=Eerdmans |date=1981 |isbn=9780802823878 |oclc=824666199 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Places they knew: Jesus and Paul |location=London |publisher=Ark |date=1981 |isbn=9780862011109 |oclc=778704466 }} - now known as ''Jesus and Paul: Places They Knew''
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Bible History Atlas |location=New York |publisher=Crossroad |date=1982 |isbn=9780824504182 |oclc=8610749 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=1 & 2 Thessalonians |series=[[Word Biblical Commentary]] |volume=45 |location=Waco, TX |publisher=Word Books |date=1982 |isbn=9780849902444 |oclc=8808232 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Hard Sayings of Jesus |series=Jesus library |location=London |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |date=1983 |isbn=9780340270448 |oclc=869192514 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Gospel of John |location=Grand Rapids, MI |publisher=Eerdmans |date=1983 |isbn=9780802834072 |oclc=10923759 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn00bruc_0 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Philippians |series=New International Biblical Commentary |location=Peabody, MA |publisher=Hendrickson |date=1983 |isbn=9780943575155 |oclc=808517296 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Places Abraham knew; Places David knew |series=Places they knew |location=London |publisher=Scripture Union |date=1984 |isbn=9780862011116 |oclc=12509992 }} - now known as ''Abraham and David: Places They Knew''
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Epistles to the Colossians, to Philemon, and to the Ephesians |series=New International Commentary on the New Testament |location=Grand Rapids, MI |publisher=Eerdmans |date=1984 |isbn=9780802824011 |oclc=11043370 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/epistlestocoloss00bruc_0 }} [This is Bruce's new commentary on Ephesians and [[Epistle to Philemon|Philemon]] along with a revision of his 1957 commentary from the Simpson and Bruce volume above]
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Jesus: Lord & Savior |location=Downers Grove, IL |publisher=InterVarsity Press |date=1986 |isbn=9780877849322 |oclc=1056613843 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Epistle of Paul to the Romans: an introduction and commentary |series=[[Tyndale New Testament Commentaries]] |volume=6 |location=Grand Rapids, MI |publisher=Eerdmans |date=1986 |isbn=9780802800626 |oclc=895415117 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/letterofpaultoro00bruc }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Canon of Scripture |location=Downers Grove, IL |publisher=InterVarsity Press |date=1988 |isbn=9780830812585 |oclc=690640649 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Book of the Acts |series=New International Commentary on the New Testament |location=Grand Rapids, MI |publisher=Eerdmans |date=1988 |isbn=9780802824189 |oclc=17620016 |edition=Revised |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/bookofacts00bruc }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Epistle to the Hebrews |series=[[New International Commentary on the New Testament]] |location=Grand Rapids, MI |publisher=Eerdmans |date=1990 |isbn=9780802825148 |oclc=494366569 |edition=Revised }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Acts of the Apostles: The Greek Text With Introduction and Commentary |location=London |publisher=Apollos |edition=3rd revised & expanded |date=1990 |isbn=9780851117645 |oclc=277179500 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=A Mind For What Matters: collected essays of F.F. Bruce |location=Grand Rapids, MI |publisher=Eerdmans |date=1990 |isbn=9780802804464 |oclc=21974720 }}
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |author2-last=Kaiser, Jr. |author2-first=Walter C. |author2-link=Walter Kaiser Jr. |author3-last=Davids |author3-first=Peter H. |author3-link=Peter H. Davids  |author4-last=Brauch |author4-first=Manfred T. |author4-link=Manfred T. Brauch |title=Hard Sayings of the Bible |location=Downers Grove, IL |publisher=InterVarsity Press |date=1996 |isbn=9780830814237 |oclc=35084532 }}

=== 챕터 ===
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |chapter=The Speeches In Acts: Thirty Years After |editor1-last=Banks |editor1-first=Robert |editor1-link=Robert J. Banks (theologian) |title=Reconciliation and Hope. New Testament Essays on Atonement and Eschatology Presented to L. L. Morris on his 60th Birthday |location=Carlisle, UK |publisher=The Paternoster Press |date=1974 |pages=53–68 |isbn=9780853641650 |oclc=642659439 }}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/rh/acts_bruce.pdf |title=The Speeches In Acts: Thirty Years After |access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref>
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |chapter=The Background to the Son of Man Sayings  |editor1-last=Rowdon |editor1-first=Harold Hamlyn |editor1-link=Harold Hamlyn Rowdon |title=Christ The Lord, Studies in Christology presented to Donald Guthrie |location=Leicester, UK |publisher=Inter-Varsity Press |date=1982 |isbn=9780877849551 |oclc=924929617 |pages=50–70 }}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/sonofman_bruce.pdf |title=The Background to the Son of Man Sayings |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194906/http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/sonofman_bruce.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{서적 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |chapter=The Curse of the Law |editor1-last=Hooker |editor1-first=Morna Dorothy |editor1-link=Morna Hooker |editor2-last=Wilson |editor2-first=S. G. |editor2-link=S. G. Wilson |title=Paul and Paulinism: Essays in Honour of C. K. Barrett |year=1982 |location=London |publisher=SPCK |isbn=9780281038350 |oclc=925051010 |pages=27–36}}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/law_bruce.pdf |title=The Curse of the Law |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170814/http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/law_bruce.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== 저널 기사 ===
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Chester Beatty Papyri |journal=The Harvester |volume=11 |date=1934 |pages=163, 164 }}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/papyri_bruce.pdf |title=The Chester Beatty Papyri |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-date=16 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516095559/http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/papyri_bruce.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=What Do We Mean By Biblical Inspiration? |journal=[[Science and Christian Belief|Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute]] |volume=78 |date=1946 |pages=121–139 }}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/jtvi/inspiration_bruce.pdf  |title=What Do We Mean By Biblical Inspiration? |access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref>
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Colossian Problems: Part 1: Jews and Christians in the Lycus Valley |journal=[[Bibliotheca Sacra]] |volume=141 |issue=561 |date=1984 |pages=3–13 }}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/BSac-NT/Bruce-ColossianHeresy-Pt1-BS.htm |title=Colossian Problems: Part 1: Jews and Christians in the Lycus Valley |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-date=4 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604105542/http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/ted_hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/BSac-NT/Bruce-ColossianHeresy-Pt1-BS.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Colossian Problems: Part 2: The 'Christ Hymn' of Colossians 1:15–20 |journal=Bibliotheca Sacra |volume=141 |issue=562 |date=1984 |pages=99–112 }}<ref>{{웹 인용 |url=http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/BSac-NT/Bruce-ColossianHeresy-Pt2-BS.htm |title=Colossian Problems: Part 2: The 'Christ Hymn' of Colossians 1:15–20 |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-date=2021-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921180209/http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/ted_hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/BSac-NT/Bruce-ColossianHeresy-Pt2-BS.htm |url-status= }}</ref>
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Colossian Problems: Part 3: The Colossian Heresy |journal=Bibliotheca Sacra |volume=141 |issue=563 |date=1984 |pages=195–206 }}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/BSac-NT/Bruce-ColossianHeresy-Pt3-BS.htm |title=Colossian Problems: Part 3: The Colossian Heresy |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-date=3 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603051037/http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/ted_hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/BSac-NT/Bruce-ColossianHeresy-Pt3-BS.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Colossian Problems: Part 4: Christ as Conqueror and Reconciler |journal=Bibliotheca Sacra |volume=141 |issue=564 |date=1984 |pages=291–301 }}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/BSac-NT/Bruce-ColossianHeresy-Pt4-BS.htm |title=Colossian Problems: Part 4: Christ as Conqueror and Reconciler |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-date=4 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604124154/http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/ted_hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/BSac-NT/Bruce-ColossianHeresy-Pt4-BS.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Luke's Presentation of the Spirit in Acts |journal=[[Criswell Theological Review]] |volume=5 |issue=1 |date=1990 |pages=15–29 }}<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/CTR-NT/Bruce-SpiritInActs-CTR.htm |title=Luke's Presentation of the Spirit in Acts |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-date=16 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816170054/http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/CTR-NT/Bruce-SpiritInActs-CTR.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Book of Zechariah and the Passion Narrative |journal=[[Bulletin of the John Rylands Library]] |volume=43 |issue=2 |date=March 1961 |pages=336–353 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.43.2.4 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Christianity Under Claudius |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=44 |issue=1 |date=March 1962 |pages=309–26 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.44.2.3 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=When is a Gospel not a Gospel? |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=45 |issue=1 |date=March 1963 |pages=319–39 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.45.2.5 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=St. Paul in Rome. 1. |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=46 |issue=2 |date=March 1964 |pages=326–45 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.46.2.4 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=St. Paul in Rome. 2. The Epistle to Philemon |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=48 |issue=1 |date=Autumn 1965 |pages=81–97 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.48.1.5 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=St Paul in Rome. 3. The Epistle to the Colossians |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=48 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1966 |pages=268–285 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.48.2.3 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=St. Paul in Rome. 4. The Epistle to the Ephesians |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=49 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1967 |pages=303–322 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=St, Paul in Rome. 5. Concluding Observations |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=50 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1968 |pages=262–279 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.50.2.3 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Galatian Problems. 1. Autobiographical Data |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=51 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1969 |pages=292–309 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.51.2.3 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Galatian Problems. 2. North or South Galatians? |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=52 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1970 |pages=243–266 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.52.2.2 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Galatian Problems. 3. The 'Other' Gospel |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=53 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1971 |pages=253–271 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.53.2.2 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Galatian Problems. 4. The Date of the Epistle |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=54 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1972 |pages=250–267 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.54.2.2 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Galatian Problems. 5. Galatians and Christian Origins |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=55 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1973 |pages=264–284 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Paul and the Historical Jesus |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=56 |date=1974 |issue=2 |pages=317–335 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.56.2.4 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Paul and the Law of Moses |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=57 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1975 |pages=259–279 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.57.2.2 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Is the Paul of Acts the Real Paul? |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=58 |date=1975–76 |pages=282–305 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Christ and Spirit in Paul |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=59 |issue=1 |date=Autumn 1977 |pages=259–285 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.59.2.2 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=St. John At Ephesus |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=60 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1978 |pages=339–361 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.60.2.4 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=St. Paul in Macedonia |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=61 |issue=2 |date=1979 |pages=337–354 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.61.2.5 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=St. Paul In Macedonia: 2. The Thessalonian Correspondence |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=62 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1980 |pages=328–345 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.62.2.5 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=St. Paul in Macedonia: 3. The Philippian Correspondence |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=63 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1981 |pages=260–284 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.63.2.2 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Acts of the Apostles To-Day |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=65 |issue=1 |date=Autumn 1982 |pages=36–56 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.65.1.3 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Some Thoughts on the Beginning of the New Testament Canon |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=65 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1983 |pages=37–60 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.65.2.3 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Paul and 'The Powers That Be' |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=66 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1984 |pages=78–96 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.66.2.4 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=The Church of Jerusalem in the Acts of the Apostles |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=67 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1985 |pages=641–661 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.67.2.5 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Chronological Questions in the Acts of the Apostles |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=68 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1986 |pages=273–295 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.68.2.2 }}
* {{저널 인용|author1-last=Bruce |author1-first=F. F. |author1-mask=3 |title=Paul's Apologetic and the Purpose of Acts |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |volume=69 |issue=2 |date=Spring 1987 |pages=379–393 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.69.2.4 }}

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 추가 문헌 ==
* W. Ward Gasque & [[Ralph P. Martin]] (eds). ''Apostolic History and the Gospel: Biblical and Historical Essays Presented to F.&nbsp;F. Bruce on his 60th Birthday.'' Exeter: Paternoster; Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1970. {{ISBN|0-85364-098-X}}
* D. A. Hagner & M. J. Harris (eds). ''Pauline Studies: Essays Presented to F.&nbsp;F. Bruce.'' Exeter: Paternoster; Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1980. {{ISBN|0-8028-3531-7}}
* F.&nbsp;F. Bruce. ''In Retrospect: Remembrance of Things Past.'' Revised edition. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1993. {{ISBN|0-8010-1055-1}}
* Tim Grass. ''F.&nbsp;F. Bruce. A Life.'' Milton Keynes: Paternoster, 2012. {{ISBN|978-1-84227-737-9}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* [http://www.theologicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/cbr/elder_pickering.pdf FF Bruce as a Fellow-Elder by Arnold Pickering]
* [https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/manchesteruniversity/data/gb133-ffb F.&nbsp;F. Bruce Papers] at the [[University of Manchester Library]]

{{s-start}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Thomas Walter Manson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Rylands Professor of Biblical Criticism]]|years=1959–1978}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Barnabas Lindars]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{전거 통제}}
{{기본정렬:브룻, 프레드릭 페비}}

[[분류:1910년 출생]]
[[분류:1990년 사망]]
[[분류:에든버러 대학교 교수]]
[[분류:리즈 대학교 교수]]
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[[분류:신약 신학자]]
[[분류:스코틀랜드의 복음주의자]]
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