{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{다른 뜻}}
[[파일:Polyphemus.png|섬네일|키클롭스.]]
'''키클롭스''' 또는 '''퀴클롭스'''({{llang|grc|Κύκλωψ|Kuklōps}}, 복수형은 {{lang|grc|Κύκλωπες|Kuklōpes '''키클로페스'''}})는 [[그리스 신화]] 및 [[로마 신화]]에 등장하는 하나의 눈(single eye)을 가진 거신(巨神)으로, 이 눈은 이마 한가운데에 위치한다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 139~154행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들: 키클롭스|ps=<br>"And again, she ([[가이아]]) bare the [[:en:Cyclops|Cyclopes]] (키클롭스), overbearing in spirit,
[[:en:Brontes|Brontes]] ([[브론테스]]), and
[[:en:Steropes|Steropes]] ([[스테로페스]]) and
stubborn-hearted [[:en:Arges|Arges]] ([[아르게스]]),<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup>
who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt:
in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed [[:en:Cyclopes|Cyclopes]] (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}} 키클롭스(Kuklōps, {{llang|en|[[:en:Cyclops|<span style="color: black">Cyclops</span>]]}})의 문자 그대로의 뜻은 일반적으로 '원형의 눈을 한' 또는 {{nowrap|'둥근}} 눈을 한(circle-eyed 또는 orb-eyed)'인 것으로 해석되고 있다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 139~154행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들: 키클롭스|ps=<br>"And again, she ([[가이아]]) bare the [[:en:Cyclops|Cyclopes]] (키클롭스), overbearing in spirit,
[[:en:Brontes|Brontes]] ([[브론테스]]), and
[[:en:Steropes|Steropes]] ([[스테로페스]]) and
stubborn-hearted [[:en:Arges|Arges]] ([[아르게스]]),<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup>
who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt:
in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed [[:en:Cyclopes|Cyclopes]] (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}}<ref>As with many Greek mythic names, however, this might be a [[:en:folk etymology|folk etymology]]. Another proposal holds that the word is derived from [[:en:PIE|PIE]] ''pḱu''-''klōps'' "sheep thief". See: Paul Thieme, "Etymologische Vexierbilder", ''Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung'' 69 (1951): 177-78; Burkert (1982), p. 157; J.P.S. Beekes, Indo-European Etymological Project, ''s.v.'' Cyclops.[http://www.indo-european.nl/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=leiden&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cgreek&first=111] {{웨이백|url=http://www.indo-european.nl/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=leiden&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cgreek&first=111|date=20110724154505}} {{웹 인용|url=http://www.indo-european.nl/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=leiden&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cgreek&first=111|제목=보관된 사본|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724154505/http://www.indo-european.nl/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=leiden&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cgreek&first=111|보존날짜=2011-07-24|url-status=dead|확인날짜=2013-08-01}} Note that this would mean that the Cyclopes were regular giants, and the depictions with a singular eye, secondarily motivated by the folk etymology.</ref>

[[그리스 신화]]에는 다음과 같은 적어도 두 유형 혹은 세 유형의 키클롭스들이 있는데, 각 유형에 대한 신화상의 이야기들과 진술들에 의거할 때 이들의 성격과 역할은 확연히 구분된다.

# [[헤시오도스]]의 《[[신들의 계보]]》와 [[슈도-아폴로도로스]]의 《[[비블리오테케]]》에 나오는 '''키클롭스 삼형제'''
# [[칼리마코스]]의 《[[데메테르에게 바치는 찬가]]》와 [[베르길리우스]]의 《[[아이네이스]]》에 나오는, 불과 장인의 신 [[헤파이스토스]]의 보조자로서의 '''대장장이 키클롭스'''들<ref name="Theoi.com-Kyklopes">[http://www.theoi.com/Titan/Kyklopes.html "THE ELDER KYKLOPES"], Theoi.com. 2013년 8월 2일에 확인.</ref>
# [[호메로스]]의 《[[오디세이아]]》에 나오는 '''키클롭스 폴리페무스'''(Polyphemus)와 그의 동료 키클롭스들

키클롭스의 유형에 구분이 있다는 것에는 학자들간에 의견이 일치한다. 특히 위의 세 유형 중 첫 번째 유형과 세 번째 유형, 즉 '[[키클롭스 삼형제]]'와 '[[키클롭스 폴리페모스]]의 그룹'이 서로 확연히 다르다는 것에는 의견히 일치한다. 하지만 이들 두 유형간의 관계 그리고 위의 목록의 세 유형간의 관계는 고대의 주석가들 때부터 논란거리였으며 지금도 그러하다.<ref>Mondi, pp. 17-18: "Why is there such a discrepancy between the nature of the Homeric Cyclopes and the nature of those found in Hesiod's ''Theogony''? Ancient commentators were so exercised by this problem that they supposed there to be more than one type of Cyclops, and we must agree that, on the surface at least, these two groups could hardly have less in common."</ref> 예를 들어, 위의 세 유형 중 첫 번째 유형과 두 번째 유형을 묶어서 동일 유형으로 보는 견해도 있고,<ref name="Theoi.com-Kyklopes"/> 두 번째 유형과 세 번째 유형을 묶어 동일 유형으로 보는 견해도 있다.<ref>Chrystina Trulove-Reyes, "[http://www.helium.com/items/1252376-cyclops Greek mythology: The Cyclopes] {{웨이백|url=http://www.helium.com/items/1252376-cyclops# |date=20130603045608 }}". Helium.com. 2013년 8월 2일에 확인.<br>"The cyclops was a one eyed giant from Greek mythology, and later adapted to Roman myth after the Romans conquered Greece. There are thought to be at least three different types of cyclops, both benevolent and malevolent; most myths describe the cyclops' as being as mean as their countenance. They were also renown for their blacksmithing skills.
<br>The first cyclops' were the children of Uranus and Gaia ... Rhea raised Zeus secretly until he was old enough to free his siblings. Then, at the words of an oracle, freed the cyclops' and enlisted their aid in overthrowing Cronus and the Titans. The cyclops created weapons for the gods, including a thunderbolt which Zeus could use to cast lightning at his enemies, a helmet that Hades wore to make himself invisible, and a trident, which acted as the focus of Poseidon's power. Armed with the weapons, the titans were overthrown and then imprisoned in Tartarus.
<br>The second type of cyclops closely resembles the first, at least in the skills department. These cyclops' were also gifted smiths, but instead of being gods themselves, they were subordinates under the guidance of Hephaestus, the smith-god. The cyclops' were in charge of creating weapons and tools for the gods of Olympus, such as the thunderbolts and lightning of Zeus, and the arrows of Athena, Apollo and Demeter. As time moved on, the creatures began to inhabit the mountains of Sicily, then later they became the companions to Polyphemus, the son of Poseidon and the most famous of cyclops, and take on a more malevolent role. They became shepherds and breeders of sheep, though were cannibalistic by choice. Polyphemus was the largest, strongest and cruelest of the cyclops. ...
<br>The last of the cyclops was from Lycia. They were believed to have been the builders of the monuments around the country, because of the size of the stones used. The Grecians believed that no man could move a stone that size into place, so it had to be the cyclops. Unfortunately, not much is known about this type of cyclops except that they could have either been a prehistoric tribe of one eyed beings, or that they had been the brothers of the original cyclops. These cyclops' were thought to have hands growing out of their chests, and the brothers of Brontes, Sterops, and Arges were called the hundred-handed giants."</ref> 위의 목록에 나타난 문헌들 외의 다른 문헌들에서 언급되고 있는 키클롭스들을 포함시켜 이들 세 유형보다 더 세분된 대여섯 유형이 있는 것으로 논하기도 한다. 한편, [[그리스 신화]]를 기술하고 있는 [[서양고전학|고전]]들에서 여성 키클롭스가 등장하는 경우는 없다.

== 키클롭스 삼형제 ==

=== 이름과 계보 ===

[[헤시오도스]]의 《[[신들의 계보]]》에 나타나는 키클롭스는 세 명인데 이들은 [[우라노스]]와 [[가이아]]가 낳은 아들들로, [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]와 [[크로노스]]를 포함한 제1세대 [[티탄 (신화)|티탄들]] 12명과 형제 또는 남매 관계이다. 흔히 이들을 통칭하여 '''키클롭스 삼형제'''라고 부른다. 또는 복수형으로 '''키클로페스'''({{llang|en|[[:en:Cyclopes|<span style="color: black">Cyclopes</span>]]}})라고도 하는데, [[헤시오도스]]에 따르면 이것은 이들 삼형제에 대한 별명이다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 139~154행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들: 키클롭스|ps=<br>"And again, she ([[가이아]]) bare the [[:en:Cyclops|Cyclopes]] (키클롭스), overbearing in spirit,
[[:en:Brontes|Brontes]] ([[브론테스]]), and
[[:en:Steropes|Steropes]] ([[스테로페스]]) and
stubborn-hearted [[:en:Arges|Arges]] ([[아르게스]]),<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup>
who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt:
in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed [[:en:Cyclopes|Cyclopes]] (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}}

[[헤시오도스]]의 《[[신들의 계보]]》와 [[슈도-아폴로도로스]]의 《[[비블리오테케]]》에 따르면, [[키클롭스 삼형제]]의 이름은 다음과 같다. 아래의 이름들과 나열 순서는 《[[신들의 계보]]》에 따른 것이며, 이름의 문자 그대로의 뜻에 대한 설명은 [[헤시오도스]]의 설명이 아닌 《[[신들의 계보]]》의 영문본 번역자의 주석에 따른 것이다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 139~154행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들: 키클롭스|ps=<br>"And again, she ([[가이아]]) bare the [[:en:Cyclops|Cyclopes]] (키클롭스), overbearing in spirit,
[[:en:Brontes|Brontes]] ([[브론테스]]), and
[[:en:Steropes|Steropes]] ([[스테로페스]]) and
stubborn-hearted [[:en:Arges|Arges]] ([[아르게스]]),<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup>
who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt:
in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed [[:en:Cyclopes|Cyclopes]] (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}}

# '''브론테스'''({{lang|grc|Βρόντης|Brontes}}): 천둥을 일으키는 자(Thunderer)
# '''스테로페스'''({{lang|grc|Στερόπης|Steropes}}): 번개를 일으키는 자(Lightener)
# '''아르게스'''({{lang|grc|Ἄργης|Arges}}): 선명한 자 혹은 선명하게 빛나는 자(Vivid One)

[[헤시오도스]]의 《[[신들의 계보]]》에 따르면, [[우라노스]]와 [[가이아]]의 자녀들 중 [[크로노스]]를 비롯한 12명의 제1세대 [[티탄 (신화)|티탄]]들이 가장 먼저 태어났으며, 그 다음에 [[키클롭스 삼형제]]가, 그 다음에 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]가 태어났다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 134~163행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들|ps=<br>"But afterwards she lay with Heaven and bare deep-swirling Oceanus, Coeus and Crius and Hyperion and Iapetus, Theia and Rhea, Themis and Mnemosyne and gold-crowned Phoebe and lovely Tethys. After them was born Cronos the wily, youngest and most terrible of her children, and he hated his lusty sire.
<br>And again, she bare the Cyclopes, overbearing in spirit, Brontes, and Steropes and stubborn-hearted Arges<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup>, who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt: in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed Cyclopes (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br>And again, three other sons were born of Earth and Heaven, great and doughty beyond telling, Cottus and Briareos and Gyes, presumptuous children. From their shoulders sprang an hundred arms, not to be approached, and each had fifty heads upon his shoulders on their strong limbs, and irresistible was the stubborn strength that was in their great forms.
<br>For of all the children that were born of Earth and Heaven, these were the most terrible, and they were hated by their own father from the first. And he used to hide them all away in a secret place of Earth so soon as each was born, and would not suffer them to come up into the light: and Heaven rejoiced in his evil doing. But vast Earth groaned within, being straitened, and she made the element of grey flint and shaped a great sickle, and told her plan to her dear sons. And she spoke, cheering them, while she was vexed in her dear heart:
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}} 따라서, [[키클롭스 삼형제]]는 아버지 [[우라노스]]를 폐위시키고 '신들(특히, 티탄들)의 왕'이 된 [[크로노스]]의 동생이 된다. 그리고 아버지 [[크로노스]]를 폐위시키고 '신들과 인간들의 왕'이 된 [[제우스]]의 작은 삼촌이 된다.

이에 비해, [[슈도-아폴로도로스]]의 《[[비블리오테케]]》에 따르면, [[우라노스]]와 [[가이아]]의 자녀들 중 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]가 가장 먼저 태어났으며, 그 다음에 [[키클롭스 삼형제]]가 태어났고, 그 다음에 12명의 제1세대 [[티탄 (신화)|티탄]]들이 태어났다.{{sfn|Pseudo-Apollodorus 지음, James George Frazer 영역|1921|loc=《[http://www.theoi.com/Text/Apollodorus1.html The Library]》 1.1.1~1.1.3절. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들|ps=<br>"[1.1.1] Sky was the first who ruled over the whole world.<sup style="color: blue">1)</sup> And having wedded Earth, he begat first the Hundred-handed, as they are named: Briareus, Gyes, Cottus, who were unsurpassed in size and might, each of them having a hundred hands and fifty heads.<sup style="color: blue">2)</sup>
<br>[1.1.2] After these, Earth bore him the Cyclopes, to wit, Arges, Steropes, Brontes<sup style="color: blue">3)</sup> of whom each had one eye on his forehead. But them Sky bound and cast into Tartarus, a gloomy place in Hades as far distant from earth as earth is distant from the sky.<sup style="color: blue">4)</sup>
<br>[1.1.3] And again he begat children by Earth, to wit, the Titans as they are named: Ocean, Coeus, Hyperion, Crius, Iapetus, and, youngest of all, Cronus; also daughters, the Titanides as they are called: Tethys, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoebe, Dione, Thia.<sup style="color: blue">5)</sup>"}} 즉, 《[[신들의 계보]]》와는 태어난 순서가 반대이다. 따라서 [[키클롭스 삼형제]]는 [[크로노스]]의 형이 되고, [[제우스]]의 큰 삼촌이 된다.

=== 키클롭스 삼형제에 대한 현대의 오해 ===

현대의 그리스 신화 자료들 일부에서는 "키클롭스 삼형제는 못생긴 거인 괴물로 정수리에 눈이 하나 박혀있고 대단히 힘이 세고 난폭했으며 대장장이질에 능숙했다" 혹은 "키클롭스 삼형제는 흉측하게 생겨서 우라노스가 이들을 싫어해 태어나자마자 타르타로스에 감금하였다"는 식으로 키클롭스 삼형제에 대해 기술하기도 하는데,<ref>예를 들어, 위키백과의 "키클롭스" 문서의 [https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%ED%82%A4%ED%81%B4%EB%A1%AD%EC%8A%A4&oldid=11198879 '2013년 7월 31일 (수) 18:36 · id=11198879 판'] 에서는 키클롭스 삼형제에 대해 다음과 같이 기술하고 있다: "키클롭스는 세 명의 형제- 아르게스(‘번쩍이는 자’), 브론테스(‘천둥장이’), 스테로페스(‘번개장이’) 등 삼형제 -가 있었는데, 이들은 못생긴 거인 괴물로 정수리에 눈이 하나 박혀있고 대단히 힘이 세고 난폭했으며 대장장이질에 능숙했다고 한다. 우라노스는 이들의 흉칙한 외모와 힘이 두려워서 이들과 헤카톤케이레스, 티탄 등 자식들을 타르타로스에 감금해 버렸다."</ref><ref>"[http://navercast.naver.com/contents.nhn?rid=224&contents_id=9711 크로노스]", 《네이버캐스트》. 네이버 지식백과. 2013년 7월 31일에 확인.<br>"크로노스의 만행을 좀 더 자세히 살펴보자. 사실상 원인 제공자는 우라노스였다. 우라노스는 가이아가 줄줄이 낳은 자식들, 12명의 티탄들과 외눈박이 키클로페스 3형제, 그리고 헤카톤케이레스 3형제가 하나같이 거대하고 '''흉측하게''' 생긴 것을 보니 '''끔찍했다'''. 그리하여 이들을 어미인 가이아의 자궁 속 타르타로스로 돌려보냈다. 고통과 슬픔에 시달리던 가이아는 우라노스에게 복수해줄 것을 다음 자식들에게 명했는데, 이들 중 용기 있게 나선 이가 바로 막내 크로노스였다."</ref> 이러한 진술에 나타난 표현들 중 '''못생겼다'''(또는 흉측했다){{.cw}}'''괴물이다'''{{.cw}}'''난폭했다'''는 세 가지는, 최소한 [[헤시오도스]]의 《[[신들의 계보]]》와 [[슈도-아폴로도로스]]의 《[[비블리오테케]]》에 나타난 표현들에 따를 때, 키클롭스 삼형제에게는 해당되지 않는 사항이다. 이러한 진술들이 나오는 주된 이유는 {{nowrap|'식인}}을 하는 거신들 혹은 거인들이었고 그렇기 때문에 괴물로 분류되곤 하는' 키클롭스 [[폴리페모스]]와 그의 동료들의 그룹과 [[키클롭스 삼형제]]를 혼동하였기 때문이다. 그리고 '정수리(top of head, crown of head)에 눈이 하나 박혀있다'는 진술은 반은 맞고 반은 틀린 진술로, 정확히 진술하자면, 키클롭스 삼형제는 하나의 눈을 가진 거신이었는데 이 눈은 "이마 한가운데에(in the midst of their fore-heads)" 있었다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 139~154행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들: 키클롭스|ps=<br>"And again, she ([[가이아]]) bare the [[:en:Cyclops|Cyclopes]] (키클롭스), overbearing in spirit,
[[:en:Brontes|Brontes]] ([[브론테스]]), and
[[:en:Steropes|Steropes]] ([[스테로페스]]) and
stubborn-hearted [[:en:Arges|Arges]] ([[아르게스]]),<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup>
who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt:
in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed [[:en:Cyclopes|Cyclopes]] (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}}

<div style="margin-left: 40px">
==== 못생겼다 혹은 흉측하게 생겼다는 것에 대하여 ====

[[우라노스]]는 자신의 자녀들 중 키클롭스 삼형제와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 처음부터 싫어하여서 태어나는 대로 [[타르타로스]]에 감금하는 악행을 행하였으며, 또한 이들을 감금한 것을 크게 기뻐하였다. 반면 12명의 티탄들은 감금하거나 하지 않았다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 134~163행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들|ps=<br>"But afterwards she lay with Heaven and bare deep-swirling Oceanus, Coeus and Crius and Hyperion and Iapetus, Theia and Rhea, Themis and Mnemosyne and gold-crowned Phoebe and lovely Tethys. After them was born Cronos the wily, youngest and most terrible of her children, and he hated his lusty sire.
<br>And again, she bare the Cyclopes, overbearing in spirit, Brontes, and Steropes and stubborn-hearted Arges<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup>, who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt: in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed Cyclopes (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br>And again, three other sons were born of Earth and Heaven, great and doughty beyond telling, Cottus and Briareos and Gyes, presumptuous children. From their shoulders sprang an hundred arms, not to be approached, and each had fifty heads upon his shoulders on their strong limbs, and irresistible was the stubborn strength that was in their great forms.
<br>For of all the children that were born of Earth and Heaven, these were the most terrible, and they were hated by their own father from the first. And he used to hide them all away in a secret place of Earth so soon as each was born, and would not suffer them to come up into the light: and Heaven rejoiced in his evil doing. But vast Earth groaned within, being straitened, and she made the element of grey flint and shaped a great sickle, and told her plan to her dear sons. And she spoke, cheering them, while she was vexed in her dear heart:
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}}

[[우라노스]]가 처음부터 키클롭스 삼형제와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 싫어했다는 진술은 《[[신들의 계보]]》에 나오지만 왜 유독 이들을 싫어했는지에 대해서는 《[[신들의 계보]]》에 설명되어 있지 않다. 《[[신들의 계보]]》에 따르면 '''키클롭스 삼형제'''는 "위풍당당했고(overbearing in spirit), 이마 한가운데에 하나의 눈을 가졌다는 것 외에는 [외형상으로는] 다른 모든 점에서 [다른] 신들과 같았으며<!--(in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads)-->, [정신의] 강인함과 [신체의] 힘과 [천둥과 번개를 다루는] 장인의 능력을 가지고 있었다<!--(Strength and might and craft were in their works)-->".{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 139~154행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들: 키클롭스|ps=<br>"And again, she ([[가이아]]) bare the [[:en:Cyclops|Cyclopes]] (키클롭스), overbearing in spirit,
[[:en:Brontes|Brontes]] ([[브론테스]]), and
[[:en:Steropes|Steropes]] ([[스테로페스]]) and
stubborn-hearted [[:en:Arges|Arges]] ([[아르게스]]),<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup>
who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt:
in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed [[:en:Cyclopes|Cyclopes]] (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}} 다만, "이들(즉, '''키클롭스 삼형제와 헤카톤케이레스 삼형제''')은 가장 '''무시무시'''(terrible)하였고 [즉, 모든 신들 중에서 가장 무시무시한 힘을 가졌고], 그리고(and, 그래서?) 그들은 처음부터 자신들의 아버지의 미움을 받았다<!--(these were the most terrible, and they were hated by their own father from the first)-->"라고 되어 있어 문맥상 그 이유를 일정 정도 추정할 수 있게 한다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 134~163행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들|ps=<br>"But afterwards she lay with Heaven and bare deep-swirling Oceanus, Coeus and Crius and Hyperion and Iapetus, Theia and Rhea, Themis and Mnemosyne and gold-crowned Phoebe and lovely Tethys. After them was born Cronos the wily, youngest and most terrible of her children, and he hated his lusty sire.
<br>And again, she bare the Cyclopes, overbearing in spirit, Brontes, and Steropes and stubborn-hearted Arges<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup>, who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt: in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed Cyclopes (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br>And again, three other sons were born of Earth and Heaven, great and doughty beyond telling, Cottus and Briareos and Gyes, presumptuous children. From their shoulders sprang an hundred arms, not to be approached, and each had fifty heads upon his shoulders on their strong limbs, and irresistible was the stubborn strength that was in their great forms.
<br>For of all the children that were born of Earth and Heaven, these were the most terrible, and they were hated by their own father from the first. And he used to hide them all away in a secret place of Earth so soon as each was born, and would not suffer them to come up into the light: and Heaven rejoiced in his evil doing. But vast Earth groaned within, being straitened, and she made the element of grey flint and shaped a great sickle, and told her plan to her dear sons. And she spoke, cheering them, while she was vexed in her dear heart:
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}}

한편, 후에 [[크로노스]]가 이들을 구출한 후 다시 [[타르타로스]]에 감금하고 그런 후 [[제우스]]가 키클롭스 삼형제와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 다시 구출하는데, 이들을 재구출하는 대목에서 [[헤시오도스]]는 [[크로노스]]가 이들을 다시 감금한 이유를 진술하고 있다. [[헤시오도스]]의 진술에 따르면, [[크로노스]]가 키클롭스 삼형제를 다시 감금한 이유와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 다시 감금한 이유는 서로 다르다. 키클롭스 삼형제에 대해서는 "그리고 그(즉 제우스)는 자신의 아버지(즉 크로노스)가 어리석어서 감금하였던, 자신의 아버지의 형제들 즉 우라노스(하늘)의 아들들(즉 키클롭스 삼형제)을 그들의 지독한 속박으로부터 자유롭게 하였다<!--(And he set free from their deadly bonds the brothers of his father, sons of Heaven whom his father in his foolishness had bound)-->"라고 말함으로써, 키클롭스 삼형제를 재감금하게 된 것이 키클롭스 삼형제에게 원인이 있다기 보다는 [[크로노스]]에게 원인이 있다고 말하고 있다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 501~506행. 키클롭스의 재구출|ps=<br>"And he set free from their deadly bonds the brothers of his father, sons of Heaven whom his father in his foolishness had bound. And they remembered to be grateful to him for his kindness, and gave him thunder and the glowing thunderbolt and lightening: for before that, huge Earth had hidden these. In them he trusts and rules over mortals and immortals."}} 즉, 크로노스의 [[어리석음]], 달리 말하면, 크로노스의 [[지혜]]의 부족이 그 원인이라고 말하고 있다. 이에 비해 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 재감금하게 된 이유는 이들이 {{nowrap|"너무}} 뛰어나게 남자답고 잘생겼으며 신체가 거대하여서(exceeding manhood and comeliness and great size)" 크로노스가 이것을 질투했기 때문이라고 말하고 있다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 617-643행. 티타노마키아와 헤카톤케이레스|ps=<br>"(ll. 617-643) But when first their father was vexed in his heart with Obriareus and Cottus and Gyes, he bound them in cruel bonds, because '''he was jealous of their exceeding manhood and comeliness and great size''': and he made them live beneath the wide-pathed earth, where they were afflicted, being set to dwell under the ground, at the end of the earth, at its great borders, in bitter anguish for a long time and with great grief at heart. But the son of Cronos and the other deathless gods whom rich-haired Rhea bare from union with Cronos, '''brought them up again to the light''' at Earth's advising. For she herself recounted all things to the gods fully, how that with these they would gain victory and a glorious cause to vaunt themselves. For the Titan gods and as many as sprang from Cronos had long been fighting together in stubborn war with heart-grieving toil, the lordly Titans from high Othyrs, but the gods, givers of good, whom rich-haired Rhea bare in union with Cronos, from Olympus. So they, with bitter wrath, were fighting continually with one another at that time for ten full years, and the hard strife had no close or end for either side, and the issue of the war hung evenly balanced. But when he had provided those three with all things fitting, nectar and ambrosia which the gods themselves eat, and when their proud spirit revived within them all after they had fed on nectar and delicious ambrosia, then it was that the father of men and gods spoke amongst them:"}}

그리고, [[슈도-아폴로도로스]]는 《[[비블리오테케]]》에서 "각자는 이마에 하나의 눈을 가졌다. 그러나 우라노스(하늘)가 그들(즉, 키클롭스 삼형제)을 속박하여 타르타로스에 던졌다<!--(each had one eye on his forehead. But them Sky bound and cast into Tartarus)-->"라고 진술하고 있을 뿐, 이것 외에는 키클롭스 삼형제의 외형은 물론이고 가진 바 힘에 대해서도, 그리고 [[우라노스]]가 이들을 [[타르타로스]]에 가두게 된 이유에 대해서도 별다른 진술이 없다.{{sfn|Pseudo-Apollodorus 지음, James George Frazer 영역|1921|loc=《[http://www.theoi.com/Text/Apollodorus1.html The Library]》 1.1.1~1.1.3절. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들|ps=<br>"[1.1.1] Sky was the first who ruled over the whole world.<sup style="color: blue">1)</sup> And having wedded Earth, he begat first the Hundred-handed, as they are named: Briareus, Gyes, Cottus, who were unsurpassed in size and might, each of them having a hundred hands and fifty heads.<sup style="color: blue">2)</sup>
<br>[1.1.2] After these, Earth bore him the Cyclopes, to wit, Arges, Steropes, Brontes<sup style="color: blue">3)</sup> of whom each had one eye on his forehead. But them Sky bound and cast into Tartarus, a gloomy place in Hades as far distant from earth as earth is distant from the sky.<sup style="color: blue">4)</sup>
<br>[1.1.3] And again he begat children by Earth, to wit, the Titans as they are named: Ocean, Coeus, Hyperion, Crius, Iapetus, and, youngest of all, Cronus; also daughters, the Titanides as they are called: Tethys, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoebe, Dione, Thia.<sup style="color: blue">5)</sup>"}} 그리고 [[크로노스]]가 키클롭스 삼형제와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 [[타르타로스]]에서 구출한 후 다시 감금하는 대목에서도, "그들(즉, 티탄들)은 타르타로스로 내던져진 자신의 형제들을 구하였고 크로노스의 지배권(왕권)을 인정하였다. 그러나 그(즉 크로노스)는 다시 이들을 속박하여 타르타로스에 감금하였다<!--(they brought up their brethren who had been hurled down to Tartarus, and committed the sovereignty to Cronus. But he again bound and shut them up in Tartarus)-->"라고 말하고 있을 뿐 [[크로노스]]가 키클롭스 삼형제와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 다시 감금하게 된 이유나 이들의 외형에 대한 추가적인 언급이 없다.{{sfn|Pseudo-Apollodorus 지음, James George Frazer 영역|1921|loc=《[http://www.theoi.com/Text/Apollodorus1.html The Library]》 1.1.4~1.1.5절. 우라노스의 축출과 키클롭스 삼형제와 헤카톤케이레스 삼형제의 재감금|ps=<br>"[1.1.4] But Earth, grieved at the destruction of her children, who had been cast into Tartarus, persuaded the Titans to attack their father and gave Cronus an adamantine sickle. And they, all but Ocean, attacked him, and Cronus cut off his father's genitals and threw them into the sea; and from the drops of the flowing blood were born Furies, to wit, Alecto, Tisiphone, and Megaera.<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> And, having dethroned their father, they brought up their brethren who had been hurled down to Tartarus, and committed the sovereignty to Cronus.
<br>[1.1.5] But he again bound and shut them up in Tartarus, and wedded his sister Rhea; and since both Earth and Sky foretold him that he would be dethroned by his own son, he used to swallow his offspring at birth. His firstborn Hestia he swallowed, then Demeter and Hera, and after them Pluto and Poseidon.<sup style="color: blue">7)</sup>"}}

위의 원천 자료들에 따를 때, 현대의 그리스 신화 관련 자료들 일부에서 말하는, 키클롭스 삼형제와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]가 '''추악하고 끔찍하게'''(terrible) 혹은 '''흉측하게'''(terrible) 생겨서 [[타르타로스]]에 감금된 것이라는 진술은 근거가 없는 주장이다. 최소한 [[그리스 신화]]의 신들의 관점과 [[헤시오도스]]의 관점에서 볼 때, 감금한 자가 어리석었거나 혹은 감금된 자가 오히려 너무 잘났기 때문에 이에 대한 시기와 질투로 인해 감금된 것이다.

==== 괴물이라는 것에 대하여 ====

[[호메로스]]의 《[[오디세이아]]》 제9권에 나오는 [[키클롭스 폴리페모스]]와 그 동료들은 동굴에 살며 양떼를 들판에 풀어놓고 기르는 목축을 하는데, 대장장이 능력은 가지고 있지 않다. 즉 청동기 문명이 없는 생활을 하고 있다. 《[[오디세이아]]》 제9권에서 [[폴리페모스]]는 [[오디세우스]]를 포함한 13명의 동료들 중 6명을 식사꺼리로 잡아먹었다. [[오디세우스]]가 그로부터 빠져나가기 위한 계책의 일부로 희석되지 않은 강한 포도주를 주자 이것을 마시고 기분이 좋아진 [[폴리페모스]]는 [[오디세우스]]에게 나름 큰 은혜를 베푸는데, 그것은 단지 [[오디세우스]]가 잡아먹히는 순서를 맨 마지막으로 한다는 것일 뿐이었다.<ref>[[호메로스]] 지음, Samuel Butler 영역, 《[[오디세이아]]》 [http://www.greekmythology.com/Books/Odyssey/O_Book_IX/o_book_ix.html 제9권] {{웨이백|url=http://www.greekmythology.com/Books/Odyssey/O_Book_IX/o_book_ix.html# |date=20130830081052 }}</ref><ref>[[호메로스]] 지음, Murray, A T 영역 (1919), 《[[오디세이아]]》 [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HomerOdyssey9.html 제9권]. Loeb Classical Library Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd.</ref>

이와 같이, [[호메로스]]의 《[[오디세이아]]》 제9권에 나오는 [[키클롭스 폴리페모스]]와 그 동료들은 문명이 없는, 거대한 신체를 가진 종족 또는 부족이며, 사악하며 식인하는 집단인데, 이런 면에서 괴물들의 집단이라고 할 수 있다. [[키클롭스 삼형제]]가 언급되고 있는 《[[신들의 계보]]》나 《[[비블리오테케]]》에는 이러한 언급이 전혀 없거나 혹은 오히려 이와 반대되는 모습으로 언급되고 있다.

==== 난폭했다는 것에 대하여 ====

《[[신들의 계보]]》와 《[[비블리오테케]]》에 따르면, [[키클롭스 삼형제]]는 [[타르타로스]]에 두 번 감금된다. 한 번은 자신의 아버지 [[우라노스]]에 의해서이고, 다른 한 번은 자신의 형(《[[비블리오테케]]》에 따르면, 동생)인 [[크로노스]]에 의해서이다. 그런데, 막강한 힘을 가졌음에도 불구하고, [[타르타로스]]에 감금될 때 아버지나 형에게 반발했다는 이야기는 이 두 문헌 모두에서 전하고 있지 않다. (물론, 아버지에 의해 감금될 때는 태어나자마자 감금된 경우이므로 반발이 불가능했을 것이다.) 이런 면에서는 상당히 고분고분한 아들 또는 동생이었다고 할 수 있다. 하지만, 반발하지 않았다는 이야기도 없다. 따라서 결론적으로 [[키클롭스 삼형제]]가 난폭했는지 아닌지는 '알 수 없다'고 해야 할 것이다.

하지만, 《[[신들의 계보]]》에는, [[크로노스]]에게 다시 감금된 후 [[제우스]]의 의해 이들이 재구출되었을 때 이들이 취한 행동이 기술되어 있는데 이를 통해 이들의 성격을 어느 정도 파악할 수 있다.

{{인용문4
|1=And he set free from their deadly bonds the brothers of his father, sons of Heaven whom his father in his foolishness had bound. And they remembered to be grateful to him for his kindness, and gave him thunder and the glowing thunderbolt and lightening: for before that, huge Earth had hidden these. In them he trusts and rules over mortals and immortals.
|3=그리고 [[제우스|그]](즉 제우스)는 [[크로노스|자신의 아버지]](즉 크로노스)가 어리석어서 감금하였던, [[키클롭스 삼형제|자신의 아버지의 형제들]] 즉 [[우라노스]](하늘)의 아들들(즉 키클롭스 삼형제)을 그들의 지독한 속박으로부터 자유롭게 하였다. 그리고 [[키클롭스 삼형제|그들]](즉 키클롭스 삼형제)은 [[제우스|그]]의 친절함에 감사하는 것을 빠뜨리지 않았고 그에게 '천둥(thunder)'과 '빛나는 번개와 벼락(glowing thunderbolt and lightening)'을 주었다: 이 이전까지는 [[가이아|거대한 가이아]](땅)가 이것들(즉 천둥과 번개)을 숨겨왔다. 이것들[의 힘]을 [[제우스|그]](즉 제우스)는 믿으며 [이것들로 인해 제우스는 모든] 필멸자들과 불멸자들 위에 군림한다 [즉 모든 인간들과 신들의 왕이 된다].
|4=《[[신들의 계보]]》 501~506행. [http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm 영문본] & 한글본 편집자 번역}}

적어도 이 인용문에서 분명한 것은, [[키클롭스 삼형제]]는 '가장 나중에 잡아먹겠다는 큰 은혜'를 베푼 [[키클롭스 폴리페모스]]와는 완전히 다른 소양을 가졌다는 것이다. 구출에 대한 감사의 답례로 [[키클롭스 삼형제]]가 [[제우스]]에게 준 선물은 '모든 인간들과 신들의 아버지 또는 왕'이 되는 것을 가능하게 하는 힘인 [[천둥]]과 [[번개]]였는데, 이 날은 10년간의 [[티타노마키아]]가 시작되는 날이었다. 즉, 이 날에서야 비로소 [[제우스]]는 장차 자신을 상징하게 될 무기인 [[천둥]]과 [[번개]]를 자신의 생애에서 처음으로 가지게 되었으며, 진정한 {{nowrap|'모든}} 인간들과 신들의 아버지 또는 왕'이 되기 위한 10년간의 과정을 시작할 수 있었다. 한편, [[제우스]]의 여러 별명 가운데 하나가 "지혜로운 제우스(wise Zeus)"인데 [[지혜]]라는 측면에서 보면, [[크로노스]]는 어리석어서 [[키클롭스 삼형제]]를 가두었지만 [[제우스]]는 이들을 구출하였다. 이런 면에서는, [[키클롭스 삼형제]]와 이들이 [[제우스]]에게 준 [[천둥]]과 [[번개]]는 {{nowrap|'모든}} 인간들과 신들의 아버지 또는 왕'이 되게 하는 열쇠인 '신의 지혜'를 상징한다. 그리고 10년간의 [[티타노마키아]]의 마지막 날에 재구출되는 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]는 '신의 지혜의 완성' 즉 {{nowrap|'신의}} 권능'을 상징한다.
</div>

=== 신화에 나타난 본래의 이야기와 역할 ===
{{본문|크로노스}}

[[우라노스]]는 [[키클롭스 삼형제]]와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 처음부터 싫어하여 이들이 태어나자마자 [[타르타로스]]에 감금한다. 이에 [[가이아]]가 분노하고 [[가이아]]의 계획에 [[크로노스]]가 동참하여 [[우라노스]]를 거세하고 폐위한 후 [[키클롭스 삼형제]]와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 구하고 신들의 왕이 된다. 하지만 [[크로노스]]는 다시 이들을 [[타르타로스]]에 감금한다.

이후 [[크로노스]]와 [[레아 (신화)|레아]]가 결혼하고 이들 사이에 다섯 자녀가 태어나는데, [[크로노스]]는 자신도 자신의 자식에 의해 폐위당할 것이라는 [[가이아]]와 [[우라노스]]의 예언이 실현되는 것을 막기 위해 이들 다섯 자녀들을 태어나는대로 삼킨다. [[크로노스]]와 [[레아 (신화)|레아]]의 여섯 번째 자녀이자 막내인 [[제우스]]는 [[레아 (신화)|레아]]의 노력과 [[가이아]]의 계책에 의해 삼켜지는 것을 피하게 되며, 장성한 후 [[크로노스]]로 하여금 다섯 형제자매들을 토해내게 만들어 이들을 구출하고, [[타르타로스]]에 있는 [[키클롭스 삼형제]]도 재구출한다.

[[헤시오도스]]의 《[[신들의 계보]]》에 따르면, [[키클롭스 삼형제]]와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]의 재구출 시점은 서로 다르다. [[키클롭스 삼형제]]의 재구출은 다섯 형제자매들을 토해내게 하여 구출한 후 곧이어 이루어진 것으로 이 날은 [[크로노스]]를 주축으로 하는 [[티탄 (신화)|티탄]]들과 [[제우스]]를 주축으로 하는 [[올림포스 신]]들의 전쟁인 10년간의 [[티타노마키아]]가 시작된 날이다. [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]는 10년간의 [[티타노마키아]]의 마지막 날에 구출되었는데, 엄밀히 말하면, [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]가 구출된 바로 그 날 최후의 결전이 일어나 10년간의 [[티타노마키아]]가 [[올림포스 신]]들의 승리로 종결된다. 반면, [[슈도-아폴로도로스]]의 《[[비블리오테케]]》에 따르면, [[키클롭스 삼형제]]와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]는 모두 10년간의 [[티타노마키아]]의 마지막 날에 재구출되었다. (이상에 대한 자세한 내용과 출처는 "[[크로노스]]" 문서를 참조하시오.)

《[[신들의 계보]]》에서는 [[키클롭스 삼형제]]와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]가 감금된 [[타르타로스]]를 지키는 간수에 대해 아무런 언급이 없는데 비해, 《[[비블리오테케]]》에 따르면 [[캄페]]([[:en:Campe|<span style="color: black">Campe</span>]])라는 암컷 용이 이들을 감시하였다. 《[[비블리오테케]]》에 따르면 [[제우스]]는 [[티타노마키아]]의 마지막 날에, [[캄페]]를 죽이고 [[키클롭스 삼형제]]와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 모두 한꺼번에 구출하였다.{{sfn|Pseudo-Apollodorus 지음, James George Frazer 영역|1921|loc=《[http://www.theoi.com/Text/Apollodorus1.html The Library]》 1.2.1절. 제우스의 성장과 티타노마키아|ps=<br>"[1.2.1] But when Zeus was full-grown, he took Metis, daughter of Ocean, to help him, and she gave Cronus a drug to swallow,<sup style="color: blue">12)</sup> which forced him to disgorge first the stone and then the children whom he had swallowed, and with their aid Zeus waged the war against Cronus and the Titans.<sup style="color: blue">13)</sup> They fought for ten years, and Earth prophesied victory<sup style="color: blue">14)</sup> to Zeus if he should have as allies those who had been hurled down to Tartarus. So he slew their jailoress Campe, and loosed their bonds. And the Cyclopes then gave Zeus thunder and lightning and a thunderbolt,<sup style="color: blue">15)</sup> and on Pluto they bestowed a helmet and on Poseidon a trident. Armed with these weapons the gods overcame the Titans, shut them up in Tartarus, and appointed the Hundred-handers their guards<sup style="color: blue">16)</sup>; but they themselves cast lots for the sovereignty, and to Zeus was allotted the dominion of the sky, to Poseidon the dominion of the sea, and to Pluto the dominion in Hades.<sup style="color: blue">17)</sup>

<br><sup style="color: blue">12)</sup>&nbsp;As to the disgorging of his offspring by Cronus, see Hes. ''Th.'' 493ff., who, however, says nothing about the agency of Metis in administering an emetic, but attributes the stratagem to Earth (Gaia).
<br><sup style="color: blue">13)</sup>&nbsp;As to the war of Zeus on the Titans, see Hes. ''Th''. 617ff.; Hor. ''Carm.'' 3.4.42ff.; Hyginus, ''Fab.'' 118.
<br><sup style="color: blue">14)</sup>&nbsp;The most ancient oracle at Delphi was said to be that of Earth; in her office of prophetess the goddess was there succeeded by Themis, who was afterwards displaced by Apollo. See Aesch. ''Eum.'' 1ff.; Paus. 10.5.5ff. It is said that of old there was an oracle of Earth at Olympia, but it no longer existed in the second century of our era. See Paus. 5.14.10. At Aegira in Achaia the oracles of Earth were delivered in a subterranean cave by a priestess, who had previously drunk bull's blood as a means of inspiration. See Pliny, ''Nat. Hist.'' xxviii.147; compare Paus. 7.25.13. In the later days of antiquity the oracle of Earth at Delphi was explained by some philosophers on rationalistic principles: they supposed that the priestess was thrown into the prophetic trance by natural exhalations from the ground, and they explained the decadence of the oracle in their own time by the gradual cessation of the exhalations. The theory is scouted by Cicero. See Plut. ''De defectu oraculorum'' 40ff.; Cicero, ''De divinatione'' i.19.38, i.36.79, ii.57.117. A similar theory is still held by wizards in Loango, on the west coast of Africa; hence in order to receive the inspiration they descend into an artificial pit or natural hollow and remain there for some time, absorbing the blessed influence, just as the Greek priestesses for a similar purpose descended into the oracular caverns at Aegira and Delphi. See ''Die Loango Expedition'', iii.2, von Dr. E. Pechuel Loesche (Stuttgart, 1907), p. 441. As to the oracular cavern at Delphi and the inspiring exhalations which were supposed to emanate from it, see Diod. 16.26; Strabo 9.3.5; Paus. 10.5.7; Justin xxiv.6.6-9. That the Pythian priestess descended into the cavern to give the oracles appears from an expression of Plutarch (''De defectu oraculorum'', 51, ''katebê men eis to manteion''). As to the oracles of Earth in antiquity, see A. Bouche-Leclercq, ''Histoire de la Divination dans l'Antiquité'', ii.251ff.; L. R. Farnell, ''The Cults of the Greek States'', iii.8ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">15)</sup>&nbsp;Compare Hes. ''Th.'' 501-506ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">16)</sup>&nbsp;Compare Hes. ''Th.'' 717ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">17)</sup>&nbsp;Compare Hom. ''Il.'' 15.187ff.; Plat. ''Gorg.'' 523a."}}

《[[신들의 계보]]》에 따르면, [[키클롭스 삼형제]]는 재구출된 후 감사의 답례로, '모든 신들과 인간들의 왕'이 되게 하는 무기인 [[천둥]]과 [[번개]]를 [[제우스]]에게 "주었거나 만들어 주었다(gave or made)". 하지만 다른 신들에게도 선물을 했다는 언급은 없다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 139~154행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들: 키클롭스|ps=<br>"And again, she ([[가이아]]) bare the [[:en:Cyclops|Cyclopes]] (키클롭스), overbearing in spirit,
[[:en:Brontes|Brontes]] ([[브론테스]]), and
[[:en:Steropes|Steropes]] ([[스테로페스]]) and
stubborn-hearted [[:en:Arges|Arges]] ([[아르게스]]),<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup>
who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt:
in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed [[:en:Cyclopes|Cyclopes]] (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}}{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 492~506행. 제우스의 성장과 형제자매의 구출과 키클롭스의 재구출|ps=<br>"After that, the strength and glorious limbs of the prince increased quickly, and as the years rolled on, great Cronos the wily was beguiled by the deep suggestions of Earth, and brought up again his offspring, vanquished by the arts and might of his own son, and he vomited up first the stone which he had swallowed last. And Zeus set it fast in the wide-pathed earth at goodly Pytho under the glens of Parnassus, to be a sign thenceforth and a marvel to mortal men<sup style="color: blue">20)</sup>. And he set free from their deadly bonds the brothers of his father, sons of Heaven whom his father in his foolishness had bound. And they remembered to be grateful to him for his kindness, and gave him thunder and the glowing thunderbolt and lightening: for before that, huge Earth had hidden these. In them he trusts and rules over mortals and immortals.
<br>20) Pausanias (x. 24.6) saw near the tomb of Neoptolemus 'a stone of no great size', which the Delphians anointed every day with oil, and which he says was supposed to be the stone given to Cronos."}} 이에 비해, 《[[비블리오테케]]》에 따르면, [[키클롭스 삼형제]]는 감사의 답례로 [[제우스]]에게는 [[천둥]]{{.cw}}[[번개]]{{.cw}}[[벼락]](thunder and lightning and a thunderbolt)을, [[플루톤]](하데스의 다른 이름)에게는 [보이지 않게 하는] [[투구]](helmet)를, [[포세이돈]]에게는 [[삼지창]](trident, 트리덴트)을 "주었다(gave)".{{sfn|Pseudo-Apollodorus 지음, James George Frazer 영역|1921|loc=《[http://www.theoi.com/Text/Apollodorus1.html The Library]》 1.2.1절. 제우스의 성장과 티타노마키아|ps=<br>"[1.2.1] But when Zeus was full-grown, he took Metis, daughter of Ocean, to help him, and she gave Cronus a drug to swallow,<sup style="color: blue">12)</sup> which forced him to disgorge first the stone and then the children whom he had swallowed, and with their aid Zeus waged the war against Cronus and the Titans.<sup style="color: blue">13)</sup> They fought for ten years, and Earth prophesied victory<sup style="color: blue">14)</sup> to Zeus if he should have as allies those who had been hurled down to Tartarus. So he slew their jailoress Campe, and loosed their bonds. And the Cyclopes then gave Zeus thunder and lightning and a thunderbolt,<sup style="color: blue">15)</sup> and on Pluto they bestowed a helmet and on Poseidon a trident. Armed with these weapons the gods overcame the Titans, shut them up in Tartarus, and appointed the Hundred-handers their guards<sup style="color: blue">16)</sup>; but they themselves cast lots for the sovereignty, and to Zeus was allotted the dominion of the sky, to Poseidon the dominion of the sea, and to Pluto the dominion in Hades.<sup style="color: blue">17)</sup>

<br><sup style="color: blue">12)</sup>&nbsp;As to the disgorging of his offspring by Cronus, see Hes. ''Th.'' 493ff., who, however, says nothing about the agency of Metis in administering an emetic, but attributes the stratagem to Earth (Gaia).
<br><sup style="color: blue">13)</sup>&nbsp;As to the war of Zeus on the Titans, see Hes. ''Th''. 617ff.; Hor. ''Carm.'' 3.4.42ff.; Hyginus, ''Fab.'' 118.
<br><sup style="color: blue">14)</sup>&nbsp;The most ancient oracle at Delphi was said to be that of Earth; in her office of prophetess the goddess was there succeeded by Themis, who was afterwards displaced by Apollo. See Aesch. ''Eum.'' 1ff.; Paus. 10.5.5ff. It is said that of old there was an oracle of Earth at Olympia, but it no longer existed in the second century of our era. See Paus. 5.14.10. At Aegira in Achaia the oracles of Earth were delivered in a subterranean cave by a priestess, who had previously drunk bull's blood as a means of inspiration. See Pliny, ''Nat. Hist.'' xxviii.147; compare Paus. 7.25.13. In the later days of antiquity the oracle of Earth at Delphi was explained by some philosophers on rationalistic principles: they supposed that the priestess was thrown into the prophetic trance by natural exhalations from the ground, and they explained the decadence of the oracle in their own time by the gradual cessation of the exhalations. The theory is scouted by Cicero. See Plut. ''De defectu oraculorum'' 40ff.; Cicero, ''De divinatione'' i.19.38, i.36.79, ii.57.117. A similar theory is still held by wizards in Loango, on the west coast of Africa; hence in order to receive the inspiration they descend into an artificial pit or natural hollow and remain there for some time, absorbing the blessed influence, just as the Greek priestesses for a similar purpose descended into the oracular caverns at Aegira and Delphi. See ''Die Loango Expedition'', iii.2, von Dr. E. Pechuel Loesche (Stuttgart, 1907), p. 441. As to the oracular cavern at Delphi and the inspiring exhalations which were supposed to emanate from it, see Diod. 16.26; Strabo 9.3.5; Paus. 10.5.7; Justin xxiv.6.6-9. That the Pythian priestess descended into the cavern to give the oracles appears from an expression of Plutarch (''De defectu oraculorum'', 51, ''katebê men eis to manteion''). As to the oracles of Earth in antiquity, see A. Bouche-Leclercq, ''Histoire de la Divination dans l'Antiquité'', ii.251ff.; L. R. Farnell, ''The Cults of the Greek States'', iii.8ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">15)</sup>&nbsp;Compare Hes. ''Th.'' 501-506ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">16)</sup>&nbsp;Compare Hes. ''Th.'' 717ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">17)</sup>&nbsp;Compare Hom. ''Il.'' 15.187ff.; Plat. ''Gorg.'' 523a."}}

《[[신들의 계보]]》에 따르면, 이 선물을 받은 날은 10년간의 [[티타노마키아]]가 시작된 날이며,{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 492~506행. 제우스의 성장과 형제자매의 구출과 키클롭스의 재구출|ps=<br>"After that, the strength and glorious limbs of the prince increased quickly, and as the years rolled on, great Cronos the wily was beguiled by the deep suggestions of Earth, and brought up again his offspring, vanquished by the arts and might of his own son, and he vomited up first the stone which he had swallowed last. And Zeus set it fast in the wide-pathed earth at goodly Pytho under the glens of Parnassus, to be a sign thenceforth and a marvel to mortal men<sup style="color: blue">20)</sup>. And he set free from their deadly bonds the brothers of his father, sons of Heaven whom his father in his foolishness had bound. And they remembered to be grateful to him for his kindness, and gave him thunder and the glowing thunderbolt and lightening: for before that, huge Earth had hidden these. In them he trusts and rules over mortals and immortals.
<br>20) Pausanias (x. 24.6) saw near the tomb of Neoptolemus 'a stone of no great size', which the Delphians anointed every day with oil, and which he says was supposed to be the stone given to Cronos."}} [[제우스]]는 그가 받은 [[천둥]]과 [[번개]]를 바탕으로 점점 더 성장해 간다. 반면, 《[[비블리오테케]]》에 따르면, 이 선물을 받은 날은 10년간의 [[티타노마키아]]의 마지막 날이며, 세 신들은 자신들이 받은 무기들을 사용하여 [[티탄 (신화)|티탄]]들을 제압하고 완전한 승리를 거두며, 이로써 10년간의 [[티타노마키아]]는 [[올림포스 신]]들의 승리로 종결된다.{{sfn|Pseudo-Apollodorus 지음, James George Frazer 영역|1921|loc=《[http://www.theoi.com/Text/Apollodorus1.html The Library]》 1.2.1절. 제우스의 성장과 티타노마키아|ps=<br>"[1.2.1] But when Zeus was full-grown, he took Metis, daughter of Ocean, to help him, and she gave Cronus a drug to swallow,<sup style="color: blue">12)</sup> which forced him to disgorge first the stone and then the children whom he had swallowed, and with their aid Zeus waged the war against Cronus and the Titans.<sup style="color: blue">13)</sup> They fought for ten years, and Earth prophesied victory<sup style="color: blue">14)</sup> to Zeus if he should have as allies those who had been hurled down to Tartarus. So he slew their jailoress Campe, and loosed their bonds. And the Cyclopes then gave Zeus thunder and lightning and a thunderbolt,<sup style="color: blue">15)</sup> and on Pluto they bestowed a helmet and on Poseidon a trident. Armed with these weapons the gods overcame the Titans, shut them up in Tartarus, and appointed the Hundred-handers their guards<sup style="color: blue">16)</sup>; but they themselves cast lots for the sovereignty, and to Zeus was allotted the dominion of the sky, to Poseidon the dominion of the sea, and to Pluto the dominion in Hades.<sup style="color: blue">17)</sup>

<br><sup style="color: blue">12)</sup>&nbsp;As to the disgorging of his offspring by Cronus, see Hes. ''Th.'' 493ff., who, however, says nothing about the agency of Metis in administering an emetic, but attributes the stratagem to Earth (Gaia).
<br><sup style="color: blue">13)</sup>&nbsp;As to the war of Zeus on the Titans, see Hes. ''Th''. 617ff.; Hor. ''Carm.'' 3.4.42ff.; Hyginus, ''Fab.'' 118.
<br><sup style="color: blue">14)</sup>&nbsp;The most ancient oracle at Delphi was said to be that of Earth; in her office of prophetess the goddess was there succeeded by Themis, who was afterwards displaced by Apollo. See Aesch. ''Eum.'' 1ff.; Paus. 10.5.5ff. It is said that of old there was an oracle of Earth at Olympia, but it no longer existed in the second century of our era. See Paus. 5.14.10. At Aegira in Achaia the oracles of Earth were delivered in a subterranean cave by a priestess, who had previously drunk bull's blood as a means of inspiration. See Pliny, ''Nat. Hist.'' xxviii.147; compare Paus. 7.25.13. In the later days of antiquity the oracle of Earth at Delphi was explained by some philosophers on rationalistic principles: they supposed that the priestess was thrown into the prophetic trance by natural exhalations from the ground, and they explained the decadence of the oracle in their own time by the gradual cessation of the exhalations. The theory is scouted by Cicero. See Plut. ''De defectu oraculorum'' 40ff.; Cicero, ''De divinatione'' i.19.38, i.36.79, ii.57.117. A similar theory is still held by wizards in Loango, on the west coast of Africa; hence in order to receive the inspiration they descend into an artificial pit or natural hollow and remain there for some time, absorbing the blessed influence, just as the Greek priestesses for a similar purpose descended into the oracular caverns at Aegira and Delphi. See ''Die Loango Expedition'', iii.2, von Dr. E. Pechuel Loesche (Stuttgart, 1907), p. 441. As to the oracular cavern at Delphi and the inspiring exhalations which were supposed to emanate from it, see Diod. 16.26; Strabo 9.3.5; Paus. 10.5.7; Justin xxiv.6.6-9. That the Pythian priestess descended into the cavern to give the oracles appears from an expression of Plutarch (''De defectu oraculorum'', 51, ''katebê men eis to manteion''). As to the oracles of Earth in antiquity, see A. Bouche-Leclercq, ''Histoire de la Divination dans l'Antiquité'', ii.251ff.; L. R. Farnell, ''The Cults of the Greek States'', iii.8ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">15)</sup>&nbsp;Compare Hes. ''Th.'' 501-506ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">16)</sup>&nbsp;Compare Hes. ''Th.'' 717ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">17)</sup>&nbsp;Compare Hom. ''Il.'' 15.187ff.; Plat. ''Gorg.'' 523a."}}

[[칼리마코스]]의 《[[데메테르에게 바치는 찬가]]》와 [[베르길리우스]]의 《[[아이네이스]]》 제8권에서는 키클롭스들이 [[헤파이스토스]]의 대장간에서 불{{.cw}}기술{{.cw}}장인의 신인 [[헤파이스토스]]를 도와 일했다고 말하고 있다.<ref name="Theoi.com-Kyklopes"/>

[[에우리피데스]]의 희곡 《[[아스클레티스]]》에 의하면, [[아폴론]]의 아들 [[아스클레피오스]]가 [[제우스]]가 내려친 [[벼락]]을 맞아 죽는데 (이에 대한 자세한 내용은 "[[아스클레피오스]]" 문서를 참조하시오), 키클롭스는 그를 죽게 만든 [[벼락]]을 만들었다는 [다소 엉뚱한] 죄목으로 [[아폴론]]에게 죽임을 당한다. 이 일로 [[아폴론]]은 1년간 [[테살리아]]의 왕 [[아드메토스]]의 양치기가 되어 속죄하였고 [[제우스]]는 [[아스클레피오스]]와 키클롭스를 다시 [[타르타로스]]에서 데려왔다.

== 키클롭스 폴리페무스 ==

[[호메로스]]의 《[[오디세이아]]》에는 '''폴리페무스'''(Polyphemus))라는 키클롭스가 등장한다. 오디세우스는 [[시칠리아]] 해변에서 키클롭스 폴리페모스에게 붙잡히게 되었다. 이 폴리페모스는 양을 기르면서 사람을 잡아먹는 괴물이었는데, 오디세우스와 12명의 부하들을 동굴에 가두어 놓고 거대한 돌로 입구를 막았다. 그는 매일 끼니로 두 명의 오디세우스 부하들을 잡아먹었는데 한번은 오디세우스에게 너의 이름은 무엇인가? 하고 물었다. 오디세우스는 자신의 이름이 "아무도 아니"라고 말해주었다. 후에 오디세우스는 꾀를 내어 폴리페모스를 포도주에 취하게 하고 잠든 사이에 불타는 장작개비로 외눈을 찔러 맹인으로 만들었다.

장님이 된 폴리페모스가 소리를 지르자 동료 키클롭스들이 도와주러 달려왔다. 동료 키클롭스들은 폴리페모스에게 '누가 너를 괴롭히느냐?'고 물었다. 폴리페모스는 나를 괴롭히는 것은 "'아무도 아니'다."라고 대답했는데 그 말을 듣고 다른 키클롭스들은 돌아가 버렸다. 그 때문에 오디세우스는 폴리페모스에게 잡아먹히지 않은 부하 6명과 양의 배에 매달려 탈출할 수 있었다.

다른 설화에서 폴리페모스는 [[갈라테이아]]라는 [[네레이스]]를 짝사랑했다. 그러나 갈라테이아는 [[아키스]]라는 인간을 사랑하고 있어서 외눈박이 거인 폴리페모스 따위는 거들떠 보지도 않았다. 폴레페모스는 화가 나서 갈라테이아의 연인 아키스를 죽여 버렸고 아키스는 [[시칠리아]]의 강이 되었다고 한다.

== 대중문화 ==
* 프랑스의 화가 [[오딜롱 르동]]이 그린 〈[[키클롭스 (르동)|키클롭스]]〉에 등장한다.
* RPG 게임 [[타이탄 퀘스트]]에서도 등장하나 수는 적다. 폴리페모스도 등장한다.
== 같이 보기 ==
* [[크로노스]]
* [[헤카톤케이레스]]
* [[기간테스]]

== 참고 문헌 ==

* {{언어링크|grc|크기=9pt}} {{서적 인용|ref=harv|저자=헤시오도스 지음|연도=기원전 7세기|저자링크=헤시오도스|제목=[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0129%3Acard%3D1 신들의 계보]|출판사=페르세우스 프로젝트|위치=}}
* {{언어링크|en|크기=9pt}} {{서적 인용|ref=harv|저자=Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|연도=1914|저자링크=헤시오도스|제목=[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony (신들의 계보)]|출판사=Loeb Classical Library Volume 57. London: William Heinemann|위치=}}
* {{언어링크|en|크기=9pt}} Mondi, Robert "The Homeric Cyclopes: Folktale, Tradition, and Theme" 《Transactions of the American Philological Association》'''113''' Vol. 113 (1983), pp.&nbsp;17–38.
* {{언어링크|en|크기=9pt}} {{서적 인용|ref=harv|저자=Pseudo-Apollodorus 지음, James George Frazer 영역|연도=1921|저자링크=슈도-아폴로도로스|제목=[http://www.theoi.com/Text/Apollodorus1.html The Library (비블리오테케)]|출판사=Loeb Classical Library Volumes 121 & 122. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd.|위치=}}

== 각주 ==
<references/>

== 외부 링크 ==
{{위키공용분류}}

{{그리스 신들}}

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:그리스 신]]
[[분류:그리스 신화의 인물]]
[[분류:그리스 신화의 거인]]
[[분류:대장장이 신]]
[[분류:가이아의 자식]]
[[분류:그리스 신화의 괴물]]