{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
[[파일:Virgin_Galactic_SpaceShipTwo_%22Unity%22_rollout_19Feb2016,_FAITH_hangar,_Mojave,_California.jpg|섬네일]]
'''스페이스십투'''(SpaceShipTwo, 전체 이름: Scaled Composites Model 339 SpaceShipTwo, '''SS2''')는 [[우주여행|우주 관광]]을 위해 설계된 공중 발사형 [[준궤도 우주 비행|준궤도]] [[스페이스플레인]]이었다. 이 제품은 [[버진 갤럭틱]]이 소유한 캘리포니아 소재 회사인 [[더 스페이스십 컴퍼니]](The Spaceship Company)에서 제조했다.

스페이스십투는 [[스케일드 컴포지츠 화이트 나이트 투]](Scaled Composites White Knight Two)에 의해 발사 고도로 운반된 후 로켓 엔진으로 구동되는 상층 대기로 비행하기 위해 방출되었다. 그런 다음 지구로 다시 활공하여 일반적인 활주로 착륙을 수행했다.<ref name=nasa20110310>{{웹 인용|title=sRLV platforms compared |url=https://c3.ndc.nasa.gov/flightopportunities/platforms/compare/ |publisher=NASA |access-date=10 March 2011 |date=7 March 2011 |quote=SpaceShipTwo: Type: HTHL/Piloted |archive-date=20 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220015430/https://flightopportunities.nasa.gov/technologies/ |url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> 우주선은 2009년 12월 7일 캘리포니아의 모하비 항공우주항에서 대중에게 공식적으로 공개되었다.<ref>{{뉴스 인용|last=Amos |first=Jonathan |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8400353.stm |title=Richard Branson unveils Virgin Galactic spaceplane |publisher=BBC News |date=8 December 2009 |access-date=23 March 2010 }}</ref> 거의 3년 간의 무동력 테스트 끝에 2013년 4월 29일, 최초로 제작된 SS2가 첫 번째 동력 테스트 비행을 성공적으로 수행했다.<ref name=EnginesIgnited>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22344398 |title=Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Galactic spaceship ignites engine in flight |publisher=BBC News |date=29 April 2013 |access-date=29 April 2013 }}</ref>

버진 갤럭틱은 개인 승객 수송 서비스<ref name=April2013Test>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.hispanicbusiness.com/2013/4/4/space_ship_completes_24th_test_flight.htm |title=Space Ship Completes 24th Test Flight in Mojave |publisher=Hispanic Business |date=4 April 2013 |access-date=5 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230231853/http://www.hispanicbusiness.com/2013/4/4/space_ship_completes_24th_test_flight.htm |archive-date=30 December 2013 }}</ref><ref name=SpaceCom2013>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.space.com/16057-virgin-galactic-spaceshiptwo-launches-2013.html|title=Virgin Galactic to Launch Passengers on Private Spaceship in 2013|publisher=SPACE.com|date=8 June 2012|access-date=11 June 2012}}</ref><ref name=Start2013>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-15460935|title="Virgin Galactic space tourism could begin in 2013"|publisher=BBC News|date=26 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/23/science/space/23cnd-spaceship.html?hp|title=New Tourist Spacecraft Unveiled|access-date=23 January 2008|author=John Schwartz |newspaper=The New York Times|date=23 January 2008}}</ref>에서 스페이스십투 우주선 5대를 운영할 계획을 세우고 한동안 예약을 받았는데, 2015년에 미화 250,000달러의 티켓 가격을 지닌 준궤도 비행을 했다.<ref>[http://www.virgingalactic.com/human-spaceflight/fly-with-us/ Fly With Us] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112065252/http://www.virgingalactic.com/human-spaceflight/fly-with-us/|date=12 November 2015}} Virgin Galactic Retrieved 5 November 2015</ref> 우주선은 NASA 및 다른 조직의 과학 탑재물을 운반하는 데에도 사용되었다.<ref name=DoingScience>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20500194|title=Virgin spaceship aims to be science lab|publisher=BBC News|date=4 December 2012|access-date=4 December 2012}}</ref>

2014년 10월 31일, 테스트 비행 중 첫 번째 스페이스십투 VSS 엔터프라이즈가 비행 중에 파손되어 모하비 사막에 추락했다.<ref name="NYT-20141031-KC">{{뉴스 인용|last1=Chang |first1=Kenneth |last2=Schwartz |first2=John |title=Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Crashes in New Setback for Commercial Spaceflight |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/01/science/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-crashes-during-test-flight.html |date=31 October 2014 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=1 November 2014 }}</ref><ref name=sn20141031>{{뉴스 인용|last1=Foust|first1=Jeff |title=SpaceShipTwo Destroyed in Fatal Test Flight Accident|url=http://www.spacenews.com/article/launch-report/42391spaceshiptwo-destroyed-in-fatal-test-flight-accident|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141031195325/http://www.spacenews.com/article/launch-report/42391spaceshiptwo-destroyed-in-fatal-test-flight-accident|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 October 2014|access-date=31 October 2014 |publisher=SpaceNews|date=31 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|title=Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Crashes During Flight Test|website=[[NBC News]]|date=31 October 2014|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/virgin-voyage/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-crashes-during-flight-test-n238376}}</ref><ref name="Durden310Oct14">{{뉴스 인용|url=http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Virgin-Galactics-SpaceShipTwo-Crashes223025-1.html|title=Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Crashes|access-date=31 October 2014|last=Durden|first=Rick|date=31 October 2014|publisher=AVweb|archive-date=2020-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414031911/https://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Virgin-Galactics-SpaceShipTwo-Crashes223025-1.html|url-status=}}</ref> 조사 결과 우주선의 하강 장치가 너무 일찍 배치된 것으로 나타났다.<ref name="NYT-20141103-KC">{{뉴스 인용|last=Chang|first=Kenneth|title=Investigators Focus on Tail Booms in Crash of Space Plane |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/04/business/international/virgin-galactic-plane-tail-booms-focus-of-investigation.html|date=3 November 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=3 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="APN-20141103-BM">{{뉴스 인용|last=Melley|first=Brian|title=Spaceship's descent device deployed prematurely|url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20141103/us--space_tourism-e62024cd1f.html|date=3 November 2014|agency=Associated Press|access-date=3 November 2014}}</ref> 조종사 마이클 알스버리 한 명이 사망했다. 다른 한 명은 피해를 입은 우주선에서 낙하산을 내린 후 심각한 어깨 부상을 입어 치료를 받았다.<ref name=dn20141103>{{뉴스 인용|last1=Klotz |first1=Irene |title=SpaceShipTwo's Rocket Engine Did Not Cause Fatal Crash |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/private-spaceflight/spaceshiptwos-rocket-engine-did-not-cause-fatal-crash-141103.htm |access-date=3 November 2014 |publisher=Discovery News |date=3 November 2014 |archive-date=16 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216114303/http://news.discovery.com/space/private-spaceflight/spaceshiptwos-rocket-engine-did-not-cause-fatal-crash-141103.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="spaceflightnow.com">{{웹 인용|title=Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo rocket plane crashes|date=31 October 2014|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2014/10/31/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-suffers-anomaly-during-test-flight/}}</ref>

두 번째 스페이스십투 우주선인 [[VSS 유니티]]는 2016년 2월 19일에 공개되었다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/New-SpaceShipTwo-Rollout-Friday-225723-1.html|title=New SpaceShipTwo Rollout Friday|date=18 February 2016|publisher=AVweb|access-date=19 February 2016|archive-date=2016-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322112641/http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/New-SpaceShipTwo-Rollout-Friday-225723-1.html|url-status=}}</ref><ref>{{뉴스 인용|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/virgin-galactic-new-spaceship-1.3399865|title=Virgin Galactic unveils new space tourism rocket plane|date=19 February 2016|publisher=CBC News|access-date=20 February 2016}}</ref> 차량은 2016~2023년에 비행 테스트를 거쳤다.<ref name="csm20161205">{{웹 인용|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Technology/2016/1205/Space-tourism-Virgin-Galactic-makes-successful-glide-test|title=Space tourism: Virgin Galactic makes successful glide test|date=5 December 2016|access-date=5 December 2015|author=Weston Williams|newspaper=Christian Science Monitor}}</ref><ref name="vg20160310">{{웹 인용|url=http://www.virgingalactic.com/update-from-mojave-testing-testing-1-2-3/ |title=Update from Mojave: Testing Testing 1-2-3|publisher=Virgin Galactic|date=10 March 2016|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315120901/http://www.virgingalactic.com/update-from-mojave-testing-testing-1-2-3/|archive-date=15 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="VG20160909">{{뉴스 인용|title=Update from Mojave: VSS Unity's First Flight Test Completed - Virgin Galactic|url=http://www.virgingalactic.com/update-from-mojave-vss-unitys-first-flight-test-completed/ |access-date=12 September 2016|website=virgingalactic.com|date=9 September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912061403/http://www.virgingalactic.com/update-from-mojave-vss-unitys-first-flight-test-completed/|archive-date=12 September 2016}}</ref> 우주로의 첫 비행(고도 50마일 이상)인 VSS 유니티 VP03은 2018년 12월 13일에 이루어졌다.<ref name="cnn20181213">{{웹 인용|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/13/tech/virgin-galactic-reaches-50-mile-space/index.html|title=Virgin Galactic reaches 50-mile space|last=Wattles|first=Jackie|date=14 December 2018|website=edition.cnn}}</ref><ref name=verge20181213>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/13/18138279/virgin-galactic-vss-unity-spaceshiptwo-space-tourism|first=Lauren|last=Grush |title=Virgin Galactic's spaceplane finally makes it to space for the first time|publisher=The Verge|date=13 December 2018|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> 유니티의 첫 번째 운항 비행(버진 갤럭틱 직원이 아닌 첫 비행 승객으로 정의됨)은 6월 29일 갤럭틱 01이었다. 2023년. 유니티의 마지막 비행은 2024년 6월 8일 갤럭틱 07이었다.

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[뉴 셰퍼드]]
* [[드림 체이서]]
* [[유인 우주선 목록]]
* [[노스 아메리칸 X-15]]
* [[민간 우주 비행]]
* [[스페이스십원]]
* [[스페이스 라이더]]
* [[우주왕복선 계획]]

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* [http://www.virgingalactic.com/ Official Virgin Galactic website]
* [http://www.scaled.com/ Official Scaled Composites website]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4l_TBxlgkc#t=37 Virgin Galactic], [[National Geographic Channel]] documentary, 2012
* [http://www.space.com/news/050727_branson_rutan.html Formation of The Spaceship Company] — SPACE.com (2005)
* [http://www.spacedaily.com/news/tourism-04g.html The Birth of SpaceShipTwo] — SpaceDaily (2004)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060920140112/http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/97 Space or Bust: Feature article on space tourism] — Cosmos Magazine (2005)
* [http://spacelawprobe.blogspot.com/2006/03/space-law-in-paris.html Space Law in Paris] — Space Law Probe (2006)
* [https://www.zdnet.com/pictures/images-spaceshiptwo-your-ticket-to-space/ Images of SS2 mockups] — ZDNet (2007)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1GiAOzKz4k "VG Powered Flight Updated Drop BRoll"] Virgin Galactic via YouTube 29 April 2013  Shows all 16 seconds of the first-flight rocket firing from three views, and most of the sequence from a fourth view

[[분류:유인 우주선]]
[[분류:재사용 가능 발사 시스템]]
[[분류:로켓 비행기]]
[[분류:스페이스플레인]]
[[분류:우주 여행]]
[[분류:우주 사고로 죽은 사람]]
[[분류:2013년 도입된 탈것]]
[[분류:미국의 우주선]]