{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{다른 뜻 넘어옴|집시}}
{{민족 정보
 | 민족명 = 롬인
 | 현지어명 = Romani
 | 기 = Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg
 | 문장 = 
 | 그림 = Gypsy wagon, Grandborough Fields - geograph.org.uk - 1256879.jpg
 | 그림설명 = 2009년 영국의 롬인 포장마차
 | 총인구 = 200만-2000만<ref>{{웹 인용|url = http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rmy |format = online |editor-last = Lewis |editor-first = M. Paul |year = 2009 |title = Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition = 16th |place = Dallas, [[Texas|TX]] |publisher = SIL |quote = [[Ian Hancock]]'s 1987 estimate for 'all Gypsies in the world' was 6 to 11 million. |accessdate = 15 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{뉴스 인용|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12977975 |work = BBC News |title = EU demands action to tackle Roma poverty |date = 5 April 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|title = The Roma |url = http://www.nationalia.info/new/8761/peoples-and-nations-today-the-roma |publisher = Nationalia |accessdate = 20 November 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url = http://www.britannica.com/topic/Rom |title = Rom |website = Encyclopædia Britannica |quote = ... estimates of the total world Roma population range from two million to five million. |accessdate = 15 September 2010 }}</ref>

 | 지역1 = {{국기|미국}} | 인구1 = 1,000,000<ref>{{서적 인용 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WwPgRtjxKJ8C&pg=PA117&lpg=PA117 |title = The Marginalization of Shadow Minorities (Roma) and Its Impact on Opportunities |page = 117 |website = Books.google.com |date =  |accessdate = 27 July 2016 |isbn = 978-1-109-78487-9 }}{{깨진 링크|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WwPgRtjxKJ8C&pg=PA117&lpg=PA117 }}</ref><ref name="time">{{뉴스 인용|author = Kayla Webley |url = http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2025316,00.html |title = Hounded in Europe, Roma in the U.S. Keep a Low Profile |agency = Time |date = 13 October 2010 |accessdate = 3 October 2015 |quote = Today, estimates put the number of Roma in the U.S. at about one million. }}</ref>
 | 지역2 = {{국기|브라질}} | 인구2 = 800,000<ref>{{웹 인용|trans-title = Lack of public policy for Romani is a challenge for the administration |url = http://noticias.r7.com/brasil/noticias/falta-de-politicas-publicas-para-ciganos-e-desafio-para-o-governo-20110524.html |language = 포르투갈어 |title = Falta de políticas públicas para ciganos é desafio para o governo |publisher = R7 |year = 2011 |accessdate = 22 January 2012 |quote = The Special Secretariat for the Promotion of Racial Equality estimates the number of "ciganos" (Romanis) in Brazil at 800,000 (2011). The 2010 [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]] Brazilian National Census encountered gypsy camps in 291 of Brazil's 5,565 municipalities. |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120111101119/http://noticias.r7.com/brasil/noticias/falta-de-politicas-publicas-para-ciganos-e-desafio-para-o-governo-20110524.html |archive-date = 11 January 2012 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }}</ref>
 | 지역3 = {{국기|스페인}} | 인구3 = 750,000–1,100,000<ref>{{웹 인용|title = Roma integration in Spain |url = https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/combatting-discrimination/roma-and-eu/roma-integration-eu-country/roma-integration-spain_en |website = European Commission – European Commission |language = 영어 }}</ref><ref name=immigration /><ref>Estimated by the [[Society for Threatened Peoples]] [http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/sinti-rom/img/n7a.jpg]</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url = http://www.eumap.org/reports/2002/eu/international/sections/spain/2002_m_spain.pdf |title = The Situation of Roma in Spain |publisher = Open Society Institute |year = 2002 |quote = The Spanish government estimates the number of ''Gitanos'' at a maximum of 650,000. |format = PDF |accessdate = 15 September 2010 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071201172552/http://www.eumap.org/reports/2002/eu/international/sections/spain/2002_m_spain.pdf |archivedate = 1 December 2007 }}</ref><ref name="Diagnostico Social de la Comunidad Gitana en Espana – CIS">{{웹 인용 |url = http://www.mscbs.gob.es/ssi/familiasInfancia/inclusionSocial/poblacionGitana/docs/diagnosticosocial_autores.pdf |title = Diagnóstico social de la comunidad gitana en España : Un análisis contrastado de la Encuesta del CIS a Hogares de Población Gitana 2007 |format = PDF |website = mscbs.gob.es |year = 2007 |quote = Tabla 1. La comunidad gitana de España en el contexto de la población romaní de la Unión Europea. Población Romaní: 750.000 [...] Por 100 habitantes: 1,87% [...] se podrían llegar a barajar cifras [...] de 1.100.000 personas |확인날짜 = 2019-03-13 |archive-date = 2019-08-08 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190808120335/http://www.mscbs.gob.es/ssi/familiasInfancia/inclusionSocial/poblacionGitana/docs/diagnosticosocial_autores.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref>
 | 지역4 = {{국기|루마니아}} | 인구4 = 619,000<ref>{{웹 인용|title = Roma integration in Romania |url = https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/combatting-discrimination/roma-and-eu/roma-integration-eu-country/roma-integration-romania_en |website = European Commission – European Commission |language = 영어 }}</ref><ref name=immigration /><ref>[[2011 Romanian Census|2011 census]] data, based on [http://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-2/ table 7 Population by ethnicity], gives a total of 621,573 Roma in Romania. This figure is disputed by other sources, because at the local level, many Roma declare a different ethnicity (mostly Romanian, but also Hungarian in Transylvania and Turkish in Dobruja). Many are not recorded at all, since they do not have ID cards [http://www.edrc.ro/docs/docs/Romii_din_Romania.pdf]. International sources give higher figures than the official census([http://europeandcis.undp.org/uploads/public/File/rbec_web/vgr/chapter1.1.pdf UNDP's Regional Bureau for Europe] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007102931/http://europeandcis.undp.org/uploads/public/File/rbec_web/vgr/chapter1.1.pdf |date=7 October 2006}}, [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/EXTROMA/0,,contentMDK:20333806~menuPK:615999~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:615987,00.html World Bank], [http://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/publications/msd/journal/issue25/25-pages154-164.pdf International Association for Official Statistics] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226202154/http://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/publications/msd/journal/issue25/25-pages154-164.pdf |date=26 February 2008}}).</ref><ref>{{웹 인용 |format = XLS |url = http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls |title = Rezultatele finale ale Recensământului din 2011 – Tab8. Populația stabilă după etnie – județe, municipii, orașe, comune |date = 5 July 2013 |accessdate = 18 December 2013 |publisher = [[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)]] |language = 루마니아어 |archive-date = 2016-01-18 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160118131243/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls |url-status = dead }} However, various organizations claim that there are 2 million Romanis in Romania. See [http://www.gandul.info/stiri/recensamant-2011-doua-treimi-dintre-romi-se-declara-romani-700-000-2-000-000-3-000-000-cati-romi-traiesc-in-romania-8883047]</ref>
 | 지역5 = {{국기|튀르키예}} | 인구5 = 500,000–2,750,000<ref name=immigration>{{웹 인용|format = PDF |url = http://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=0900001680088ea9 |title = Roma and Travellers Team. TOOLS AND TEXTS OF REFERENCE. Estimates on Roma population in European countries |postscript = Council of Europe Roma and Travellers Division }}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url = http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,4565c2253b,4677ea9b2,46ef87ab32,0.html |title = Archived copy |accessdate = 17 June 2014 |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121010211734/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,4565c2253b,4677ea9b2,46ef87ab32,0.html |archivedate = 10 October 2012 |df = }}</ref><ref name="Turkey">{{웹 인용|url = http://www.milliyet.com.tr/turkiye-deki-kurtlerin-sayisi-/yasam/magazindetay/06.06.2008/873452/default.htm |title = Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı! |trans-title = The number of Kurds in Turkey! |date = 6 June 2008 |accessdate = 2 January 2016 |language = 터키어 }}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용 |title = Türkiye'deki Çingene nüfusu tam bilinmiyor. 2, hatta 5 milyon gibi rakamlar dolaşıyor Çingenelerin arasında |url = http://webarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/2005/05/08/639714.asp |newspaper = Hurriyet |place = [[Turkey|TR]] |language = 터키어 |date = 8 May 2005 |accessdate = 2 January 2016 |archive-date = 2009-10-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091007144251/http://webarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/2005/05/08/639714.asp |url-status =  }}</ref>
 | 지역6 = {{국기|프랑스}} | 인구6 = 350,000–1,200,000<ref>{{웹 인용|url = http://www.euractiv.com/security/situation-roma-france-crisis-proportions-report/article-150507 |title = Situation of Roma in France at crisis proportions |publisher = EurActiv Network |quote = According to the report, the settled Gypsy population in France is officially estimated at around 500,000, although other estimates say that the actual figure is much closer to 1.2 million. |date = 7 December 2005 |accessdate = 21 October 2015 }}</ref><ref name="350000 en France en 2010">{{웹 인용|first = Bernard |last = Gorce |url = http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/France/Roms-gens-du-voyage-deux-realites-differentes-_NG_-2010-07-22-603910 |title = Roms, gens du voyage, deux réalités différentes |publisher = [[La Croix]] |date = 22 July 2010 |accessdate = 21 October 2016 |quote = <small>[MANUAL TRANS.]</small> The ban prevents statistics on ethnicity to give a precise figure of French Roma, but we often quote the number 350,000. For travellers, the administration counted 160,000 circulation titles in 2006 issued to people aged 16 to 80 years. Among the travellers, some have chosen to buy a family plot where they dock their caravans around a local section (authorized since the Besson Act of 1990). }}</ref>
 | 지역7 = {{국기|불가리아}} | 인구7 = 325,343–750,000<ref name="NSI">{{웹 인용 |url = http://censusresults.nsi.bg/Census/Reports/2/2/R7.aspx |script-title = bg:Население по местоживеене, възраст и етническа група |trans-title = Population by place of residence, age and ethnic group |language = 불가리아어 |website = Bulgarian National Statistical Institute |accessdate = 22 June 2015 |제목 = 보관된 사본 |보존url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120602032148/http://censusresults.nsi.bg/Census/Reports/2/2/R7.aspx |보존날짜 = 2012-06-02 |url-status = dead }} Self declared</ref><ref>{{보도자료 인용|url = http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-14-249_en.htm |title = Roma Integration – 2014 Commission Assessment: Questions and Answers |publisher = European Commission |location = Brussels |date = 4 April 2014 |accessdate = 28 April 2016 }} EU and Council of Europe estimates</ref>
 | 지역8 = {{국기|헝가리}} | 인구8 = 309,632-870,000<ref name="KSH">{{서적 인용|last=Vukovich|first=Gabriella|format=PDF|url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/mikrocenzus2016/mikrocenzus_2016_12.pdf|title=Mikrocenzus 2016 - 12. Nemzetiségi adatok|trans-title=2016 microcensus - 12. Ethnic data|language=헝가리어|work=Hungarian Central Statistical Office|location=Budapest|year=2018|accessdate=9 January 2019|isbn=978-963-235-542-9}}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용|last1 = János |first1 = Pénzes |last2 = Zoltán |first2 = István |last3 = Patrik |first3 = Tátrai |title = Changes in the Spatial Distribution of the Roma Population in Hungary During the Last Decades |journal = Területi Statisztika |doi = 10.15196/TS580101 |url = http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/terstat/2018/01/ts580101.pdf |doi-broken-date = 2018-09-22 }}</ref>
 | 지역9 = {{국기|그리스}} | 인구9 = 300,000<ref>{{웹 인용|title = Greece NGO |newspaper = Greek Helsinki Monitor |place = LV |publisher = Minelres |url = http://www.minelres.lv/reports/greece/greece_NGO.htm }}</ref>
 | 지역10 = {{국기|아르헨티나}} |인구10 = 300,000<ref name="Hazel Marsh">{{웹 인용 |first = Hazel |last = Marsh |url = http://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289 |title = The Roma Gypsies of Colombia |publisher = latinolife.co.uk |accessdate = 17 July 2017 |archive-date = 2021-04-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210423164035/https://www.latinolife.co.uk/node/289 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
 | 지역11 = {{국기|영국}} |인구11 = 225,000<ref>{{웹 인용 |title = Roma integration in the United Kingdom |url = https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/combatting-discrimination/roma-and-eu/roma-integration-eu-country/roma-integration-united-kingdom_en |website = European Commission – European Commission |language = 영어 |확인날짜 = 2019-03-13 |archive-date = 2019-06-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190604010331/https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/combatting-discrimination/roma-and-eu/roma-integration-eu-country/roma-integration-united-kingdom_en |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=immigration /><ref>{{인용|contribution = RME |contribution-url = http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rme |title = Ethnologue }}</ref>
 | 지역12 = {{국기|러시아}} |인구12 = 205,007-825,000<ref name=immigration />
 | 지역13 = {{국기|세르비아}} |인구13 = 147,604-600,000<ref>{{웹 인용 |format = PDF |url = http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/userFiles/file/Aktuelnosti/Prezentacija_Knjiga1.pdf |script-title = sr:Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији:  Национална припадност |trans-title = Census of population, households and apartments in 2011 in the Republic of Serbia: Ethnicity |language = 세르비아어 |publisher = State Statistical Service of the Republic of Serbia |page = 8 |date = 29 November 2012 |accessdate = 17 July 2017 |archive-date = 2018-07-08 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180708082957/http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/userFiles/file/Aktuelnosti/Prezentacija_Knjiga1.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|format = PDF |url = http://www.errc.org/cms/upload/file/serbia-country-profile-2011-2012.pdf |title = Serbia: Country Profile 2011–2012 |website = European Roma Rights Centre |page = 7 |accessdate = 17 July 2017 }}</ref><ref name=immigration />
 | 지역14 = {{국기|이탈리아}} |인구14 = 120,000–180,000<ref name=DiGiacomo>{{웹 인용 |url = http://www.21luglio.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Rapporto-annuale-Associazione-21-luglio.pdf |title = Giornata Internazionale dei rom e sinti: presentato il Rapporto Annuale 2014 (PDF) |확인날짜 = 2019-03-13 |보존url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170203064522/http://www.21luglio.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Rapporto-annuale-Associazione-21-luglio.pdf |보존날짜 = 2017-02-03 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=immigration />
 | 지역15 = {{국기|독일}} |인구15 = 105,000<ref name=immigration /><ref>{{인용 |contribution-url = http://www.berlin-institut.org/online-handbuchdemografie/bevoelkerungsdynamik/regionale-dynamik/roma-in-deutschland.html |publisher = Berlin-Institut für Bevölkerung und Entwicklung |title = Regionale Dynamik |contribution = Roma in Deutschland |access-date = 2019-03-13 |archive-date = 2017-04-29 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170429055947/http://www.berlin-institut.org/online-handbuchdemografie/bevoelkerungsdynamik/regionale-dynamik/roma-in-deutschland.html }}</ref>
 | 지역16 = {{국기|슬로바키아}} |인구16 = 105,738=490,000<ref>{{웹 인용|title = Roma integration in Slovakia |url = https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/combatting-discrimination/roma-and-eu/roma-integration-eu-country/roma-integration-slovakia_en |website = European Commission – European Commission |language = 영어 }}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|publisher = Statistics |place = [[Slovakia|SK]] |format = PDF |url = http://portal.statistics.sk/files/Sekcie/sek_600/Demografia/SODB/Tabulky/Tabulky_AJ_SODB/tab11.pdf |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070715152521/http://portal.statistics.sk/files/Sekcie/sek_600/Demografia/SODB/Tabulky/Tabulky_AJ_SODB/tab11.pdf |archivedate = 15 July 2007 |title = Population and Housing Census. Resident population by nationality }}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|website = SME |place = SK |url = http://romovia.sme.sk/c/6947495/po-deviatich-rokoch-spocitali-romov-na-slovensku-ich-zije-viac-ako-400-tisic.html |title = Po deviatich rokoch spočítali Rómov, na Slovensku ich žije viac ako 400-tisíc |language = 슬로바키아어 |date = 25 September 2013 |accessdate = 25 September 2013 |publisher = SITA }}</ref>
 | 지역17 = {{국기|이란}} |인구17 = 100,000–110,000<ref>{{웹 인용|url = http://www.iranian.com/SaeedTavakkol/2005/October/Gypsy/index.html |title = Gypsy |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170515170948/http://www.iranian.com/SaeedTavakkol/2005/October/Gypsy/index.html |archivedate = 15 May 2017 |df = dmy-all }}</ref>
 | 지역18 = {{국기|북마케도니아}} |인구18 = 53,879-197,000<ref name=immigration /><ref>{{웹 인용|url = http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/glavna_eng.asp?br=18 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20040621055714/http://www.stat.gov.mk/english/glavna_eng.asp?br=18 |archivedate = 21 June 2004 |title = The 2002-census reported 53,879 Roma and 3,843 'Egyptians' |publisher = Republic of Macedonia, State Statistical Office |accessdate = 17 September 2010 }}</ref>
 | 지역19 = {{국기|스웨덴}} |인구19 = 50,000-100,000<ref name=immigration /><ref>{{인용 |contribution-url = http://minoritet.prod3.imcms.net/1013 |title = Minoritet |contribution = Sametingen. Information about minorities in Sweden |language = 세르비아어 |publisher = IMCMS |access-date = 2019-03-13 |archive-date = 2017-03-26 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170326075902/http://minoritet.prod3.imcms.net/1013 }}</ref>
 | 지역20 = {{국기|우크라이나}} |인구20 = 47,587–260,000<ref name=immigration /><ref>{{웹 인용|url = http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/select_5/?botton=cens_db&box=5.1W&k_t=00&p=100&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&n_page=5 |script-title = uk:Всеукраїнський перепис населення '2001: Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою |trans-title = Ukrainian Census, 2001: Distribution of population by nationality and mother tongue |language = 우크라이나어 |publisher = State Statistics Service of Ukraine |place = [[Ukraine|UA]] |date = 2003 |accessdate = 15 September 2017 }}</ref>
 | 지역21 = {{국기|포르투갈}} |인구21 = 40,000–52,000<ref name=immigration /><ref name="minorityrights.org">[http://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/old-site-downloads/download-127-RomaGypsies-A-European-Minority.pdf Roma /Gypsies: A European Minority] {{웨이백|url=http://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/old-site-downloads/download-127-RomaGypsies-A-European-Minority.pdf |date=20200515231943 }}, Minority Rights Group International</ref>
 | 지역22 = {{국기|코소보}} |인구22 = 36,000<ref name=immigration /><ref>{{서적 인용|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tQKyAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA142 |title = Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies) |edition = 2nd |publisher = Scarecrow Press |isbn = 978-0-8108-6440-5 |last1 = Kenrick |first1 = Donald |date = 5 July 2007 |page = 142}}</ref>
 | 지역23 = {{국기|네덜란드}} |인구23 = 32,000–40,000<ref name=immigration />
 | 지역24 = {{국기|아일랜드}} |인구24 = 22,435-37,500<ref name=immigration />
 | 지역25 = {{국기|폴란드}} |인구25 = 17,049-32,500<ref name=immigration /><ref>{{웹 인용|url = http://countrystudies.us/poland/32.htm |title = Poland – Gypsies |website = Country studies |place = [[미국|US]] |accessdate = 28 August 2015 }}</ref>
 | 지역26 = {{국기|크로아티아}} |인구26 = 16,975–35,000<ref name=immigration /><ref>{{웹 인용|url = http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/e01_01_05/E01_01_05.html |title = POPULATION BY ETHNICITY – DETAILED CLASSIFICATION, 2011 CENSUS |publisher = Croatian Bureau of Statistics |accessdate = 21 June 2015 }}</ref>
 | 지역27 = {{국기|멕시코}} |인구27 = 15,850<ref>{{웹 인용|url = http://www.ipsnews.net/2010/10/gypsies-or-how-to-be-invisible-in-mexico |author = Emilio Godoy |title = Gypsies, or How to Be Invisible in Mexico |date = 12 October 2010 |publisher = Inter Press Service |accessdate = 30 July 2016 }}</ref>
 | 지역28 = {{국기|몰도바}} |인구28 = 107,100-12,778<ref name=immigration />

 | 언어 = [[롬어]], 거주지 현지어
 | 종교 = [[기독교]], [[이슬람]], [[힌두교]] [[샥티파]], [[롬 신화]] 등

 | 민족계통 = [[인도아리아인]]
 | 기원발상 = 
 | 근연민족 = [[돔인]], [[보샤인]], [[돔바인]]
}}

[[파일:Romanis-historical-distribution.png|섬네일|300px|롬의 분포]]
'''롬인'''(Rom / Romani, 복수형은 Roma / Roms 등)은 전통적으로 [[유럽의 유랑민|유랑]]하며 살아가는 [[인도아리아인|인도-아리아]] 계통의 [[민족]] 집단이다. 전세계의 넓은 지역에 걸쳐 분포하나 현대 롬인은 [[유럽]], 특히 [[발칸반도]]에 많은 인구가 거주한다.

그 기원에 관해 역사적으로 다양한 추측이 있었으나 현대에는 언어적, 유전적 증거에 의해 [[인도 아대륙]] 북부의 [[라자스탄]]에서 기원하였다는 주류설이 뒷받침되고 있다. 서기 1,000년 경에 (어쩌면 여러 차례) 서쪽으로 이주의 물결이 발생했을 것으로 추정되는데, 이들의 이름은 인도에서 대대로 유랑하며 음악을 하거나 춤을 추는 직업을 가지는 [[인도의 카스트|카스트]]인 [[돔 (카스트)|돔]](Dom, डोम) 집단에서 유래한 것이다. 이들은 이란의 [[가즈나 왕조|가즈나 제국]]을 거쳐 [[비잔틴 제국]]으로 유입되었고, 이를 통해 13~14세기에는 [[유럽 대륙]]에 도달했다.

[[영어]]를 비롯한 여러 언어에서는 '''집시'''(Gypsy)라는 이름으로 더 잘 알려져 있는데, 이는 이들이 [[이집트]]에서 왔다는 오해에서 비롯한 것이다.<ref>앙리에트 아세오 지음, 김주경 옮김, 《집시: 유럽의 운명》, 시공사, 2003, 16면 참조.</ref> '집시'라는 단어는 역사상으로 그들을 비하하는 뜻으로 자주 쓰였기에 현대에는 이것이 자신들을 모욕한다고 여기는 롬인들이 많아 쓰임이 줄어들고 있다.<ref>다만 영국 등 일부 지역에서는 기왕의 명칭을 그대로 쓰기는 한다.</ref> 그 밖에 유럽 많은 지역에서는 [[그리스어]]에서 유래한 '''치간'''(Cigan, Tsigan 등)이라는 명칭<ref>[[모리스 라벨]]의 〈[[치간]]〉의 '치간'이 여기에 들어간다.</ref>으로도 불려 왔으나 이 역시 현대에는 그들을 비하하는 이름으로 본다.

롬인이 유럽에서 당한 박해의 역사는 아주 길며, [[에밀리 브론테]]의 장편소설 《[[폭풍의 언덕]]》에서 출신 성분을 잘 알 수 없는 부랑아들로 묘사되는 등 아주 좋지 않은 평가를 받았다. 1933년부터 1945년 동안 [[나치 독일]]의 [[홀로코스트]]에는 절멸 대상으로 롬인들도 포함되어 있었으며, 학살 및 강제 노역으로 인해 약 60만 명에서 80만 명이 살해되었다.<ref>{{글로벌세계대백과2|제목=집시}}</ref>

전통적인 언어로는 [[롬어]]가 있으며 [[인도아리아어군]]에 속한다. 롬어는 여러 개의 방언으로 나뉘는데, 2백만 명 이상이 사용하고 있다. 다만 롬인들 가운데는 롬어를 쓰지 않고 다양한 현지 언어를 사용하는 경우도 많다.

== 관련 논문 ==
한국 학계에서는 대체로 롬인보다는 '집시'라는 말을 더 많이 쓴다.
* 나송주, 〈《집시 여인》과 집시의 전통과 소수성〉, 《세계문학비교연구》 12, 세계문학비교학회, 2005년
* 김규진, 〈체코 집시의 문화적 전통과 정체성〉, 《동유럽발칸연구》 31, 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 동유럽발칸연구소, 2012년
* 장세룡, 〈집시의 공화국 시민화 정책의 향방 : 프랑스에서 이주민 집시 거주지의 철거와 추방〉, 《역사와 세계》 49, 효원사학회, 2016년
* 권미란, 〈스페인 집시를 통해서 본 플라멩코 탄생에 관한 연구: 집시 정책과 법 규정을 중심으로〉, 《스페인어문학》 93, 한국스페인어문학회, 2019년

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[유럽의 유랑민]]
* [[달리트]]
* [[인도인]]
* [[로마-인도 관계]]

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* {{위키공용분류-줄}}

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:롬인| ]]
[[분류:유럽의 민족]]
[[분류:아시아의 민족]]
[[분류:소요유랑민]]