{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
[[파일:Scanning the cliffs near Logan Pass for mountain goats (Citizen Science) (4427399123).jpg|섬네일|[[로간 패스]] 주변의 낭떠러지를 촬영하는 모습.]]
'''시민과학'''(市民科學, {{lang|en|citizen science}}, CS, community science, crowd science, crowd-sourced science, civic science, volunteer monitoring, online citizen science<ref name=":3">{{웹 인용|url=https://osf.io/n953p/|title=Using the Web for Science in the Classroom: Online Citizen Science Participation in Teaching and Learning|last=Doyle,C., David, R., Li, Y., Luczak-Roesch, M., Anderson, D., Pierson, C.M.|first=|date=2019|website=osf.io|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-04-12}}</ref>)은 [[아마추어]](전문가가 아닌) [[과학자]]들에 의해 완전히, 또는 부분적으로 수행되는 [[과학 연구]]이다.<ref>{{저널 인용|author=Gura, Trisha|title=Citizen science: amateur experts|journal=Nature|volume=496|issue=7444|year=2013|pages=259–261|doi=10.1038/nj7444-259a}}</ref>

== 정의 ==
시민과학(CS)이라는 용어는 여러 기원이 있으며 각기 다른 개념을 갖고 있다.<ref name="Re&Po">{{저널 인용|title=Citizen science as seen by scientists: Methodological, epistemological and ethical dimensions|author1=H. Riesch|author2=C. Potter|date=2014|pages=107–120|doi=10.1177/0963662513497324|pmid=23982281|journal=Public Understanding of Science|volume=23|issue=1}}</ref> 1990년대 중순 Rick Bonney와 영국의 Alan Irwin에 의해 독립적으로 정의되었다.<ref name=Re&Po/><ref name=A.I.>{{서적 인용|author=Alan Irwin|title=Citizen Science: A Study of People, Expertise and Sustainable Development|publisher=Routledge|date=1995|pages=}}</ref><ref name=R.Bonney>{{저널 인용|author1=R. Bonney|author2=H. Ballard|author3=R. Jordan|author4=E. McCallie|author5=T. Phillips|author6=J. Shirk|author7=C. C. Wilderman|title=Bonney et al. 2009 CAISE Report on Public Participation in Scientific Research. A CAISE Inquiry Group Report|journal=Washington, D.C.: Center for Advancement of Informal Science Education (CAISE)|date=2009}}</ref>
Alan Irwin은 시민과학에 대해 "대중에게 과학과 과학 정책 과정을 터놓는 필요성을 중시하는 과학 시민권의 발전적 개념"으로 정의하였다.<ref name=Re&Po/> Rick Bonney는 시민과학을 아마추어 조류 관찰자와 같은 자발적으로 과학자들이 기여하는 과학 데이터를 기여하는 프로젝트로 정의하였다. 이는 Irwin의 용어 개념보다 과학 연구의 시민의 역할을 더 축소시킨 것이다.<ref name=":2">{{서적 인용|title=The Rightful Place of Science: Citizen Science|last=Cavalier|first=Darlene|last2=Kennedy|first2=Eric|publisher=Consortium for Science, Policy & Outcomes|year=2016|isbn=9780692694831|location=Tempe, AZ|page=54|quote=|via=}}</ref>

== 지역 포털 ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!'''국가 또는 지역'''
!'''포털'''
|-
| 오스트레일리아
| [https://citizenscience.org.au/ Australian Citizen Science Association]
|-
| 오스트레일리아
| [https://biocollect.ala.org.au/ Australian Citizen Science Project Finder]
|-
| 오스트리아
| [https://www.citizen-science.at/ Österreich Forscht]
|-
| 벨기에 (플랑드르)
| [https://www.scivil.be/ Citizen Science Vlaanderen]
|-
| 캐나다
| [http://science.gc.ca/eic/site/063.nsf/eng/h_97169.html/ Citizen science portal]
|- 
| 덴마크
| [http://www.citizenscience.dk/ Citizen Science Portalen]
|-
| 프랑스
| [http://www.open-sciences-participatives.org/ Open]
|-
| 독일
| [https://www.buergerschaffenwissen.de/en/ Bürger schaffen Wissen]
|-
| 전 세계
| [https://scistarter.com/ Scistarter]
|-
| 전 세계
| [https://www.zooniverse.org/ Zooniverse: People-powered research]
|-
| 아일랜드
| [http://www.epa.ie/irelandsenvironment/getinvolved/citizenscience/ Environmental  Protection Agency]
|-
| 네덜란드, 플랑드르
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20190430022015/https://www.iedereenwetenschapper.be/ EOS Wetenschap]
|-
| 스코틀랜드
| [http://www.tcv.org.uk/scotland/discover/citizen-science/ Citizen Science with TCV].
|-
| 스페인
| [http://ciencia-ciudadana.es/category/listado-de-proyectos/ Observatorio De La Ciencia Ciudadana] {{웨이백|url=http://ciencia-ciudadana.es/category/listado-de-proyectos/ |date=20180927204242 }}
|-
| 스웨덴
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180221075837/https://medborgarforskning.se/ Arenas for co-operation through citizen science]
|-
| 스위스
| [https://www.schweiz-forscht.ch/ Schweiz Forscht]
|-
| 영국
| [https://catalogue.ukeof.org.uk/ UK Environment Observation Framework]
|-
| 미국
| [https://www.citizenscience.gov/ USA Government Official Website]
|-
|한국
|[https://www.naturing.net/ NATURING] 
|}

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* [http://med.stanford.edu/ourvoice.html/ Stanford Our Voice Initiative: Citizen Science for Health Equity]
* [https://www.nasa.gov/solve/index.html NASA Solve: Citizen Science, Challenges and Prizes at NASA.]
* [http://www.citizensciencecenter.com/ Citizen Science Center]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181223023620/http://geotagx.org/ GeoTag-X] run by [http://www.unitar.org/unosat/ UNITAR-UNOSAT]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190729054110/http://www.ibercivis.com/ Ibercivis Foundation]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191919/http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/sar_cse-sar_esc/ Search and Rescue Citizen Science Experiment] by [http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/index.html National Research Council Canada]
* [http://birdlife.org.au/projects/atlas-and-birdata/ Atlas] {{웨이백|url=http://birdlife.org.au/projects/atlas-and-birdata/ |date=20160325095353 }}. [[Australia]]'s voice for birds since 1901.
* [http://www.indigovexpeditions.org/ Indigo V Expeditions] {{웨이백|url=http://www.indigovexpeditions.org/ |date=20180318201207 }}. Dedicated to the advancement of citizen oceanography.

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:시민과학| ]]
[[분류:크라우드소싱]]
[[분류:인간 기반 연산]]
[[분류:오픈 사이언스]]