{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
'''[[중화인민공화국]]의 [[후천면역결핍증후군]]'''은 [[1989년]] 첫 감염자가 발생한 이후 전염이 계속되었다.{{sfn|Xiao et al.|2007|p=667}}{{sfn|He|Detels|2005|pp=825-826}} [[2018년]] 말 [[유엔 에이즈 합동 계획]]이 추정한 [[중화인민공화국]]의 [[후천면역결핍증후군]] 감염자는 125만명이다. [[중화인민공화국]]은 [[후천면역결핍증후군]] 발병률이 낮지만,{{sfn|National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC|2015|p=8}} 감염자가 꾸준히 증가할 것이라고 평가 받는다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201811/29/WS5bffe9a5a310eff30328be38.html|제목=Still a tough battle to win fight against HIV: China Daily editorial|성=刘小卓|확인날짜=2021-10-08}}</ref>

대부분의 [[후천면역결핍증후군]]은 성관계를 통해 감염되지만,{{sfn|Sharp|Hahn|2011|p=1}} [[중화인민공화국]]에서는 대부분 비성적으로 감염되었다.{{sfn|Kaufman|Kleinman|Saich|2006|p=3-5}} 비성적에는 약물 사용자의 주삿바늘 공유 등이 있다. 성관계 감염은 50%에도 미치지 못했지만,{{sfn|Wu et al.|2007|p=682}} [[2000년]] 이후 [[중화인민공화국]]에서도 성관계를 통한 감염이 늘어났다.{{sfn|Zhang et al.|2006|p=2075|ps=: "However, our finding of a large number of sexually transmitted CRF01_AE viruses in Yunnan among non-IDUs is new. In particular, the rapid increase of HIV-1 prevalence among non-IDU populations has emerged as an alarming trend. IDU dominance in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s has now been gradually replaced by those infected through heterosexual contact or other routes.”}} 또 [[2006년]] 이후 [[남성과 성교하는 남성|동성애자 남성]] 감염도 증가했으며,{{sfn|National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC|2015|p=9-10}} [[중화인민공화국]]의 시골의 헌혈자 감염도 증가했다.{{sfn|He|Detels|2005|p=827|ps=: "At some local government-run blood banks and in many private underground blood banks operated in the early and middle 1990s in central China, blood was often collected from several villagers at the same time, and mixed together in a container or a centrifuge from which the plasma was collected. ... Such procedures, as well as recycling of used needles and inadequately sterilized equipment, allowed HIV to be rapidly transmitted among these donors, generating a large number of HIV-infected farmers and peasants.”}}

== 역사 ==
=== 배경 ===
{{본문|HIV/AIDS의 역사}}

HIV는 [[서아프리카]]와 [[중앙아프리카]]의 [[영장류]]가 가지고 있던 [[원숭이 면역 결핍 바이러스]]가 [[콩고 민주 공화국]] [[킨샤사]]에서 [[1920년]]에 인간에게 감염된 것이 시초이다.<ref name=":0">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.avert.org/professionals/history-hiv-aids/overview|제목=History of HIV and AIDS overview|날짜=2015-07-20|언어=en|확인날짜=2021-10-10}}</ref>{{sfn|Sharp|Hahn|2011|p=15}} [[1967년]] [[카리브해]]로, [[1971년]]에 [[미국]]의 주요 도시까지 전염되었다.{{sfn|Worobey et al.|2016|p=99}}

[[미국 질병통제예방센터]]는 [[1981년]] 이 바이러스가 [[게이|게이 남성]]에게서 많이 감염되었다는 사실은 확인했으며,{{sfn|Sharp|Hahn|2011}}{{sfn|Curran|Jaffe|2011}} 바이러스는 게이 관련 결핍증으로 명명되었지만, 후에 이성애자도 감염되는 사실이 밝혀지고 [[인간면역결핍 바이러스]]로 변경되었다.{{sfn|Marx|1982}} [[1984년]] 말까지 [[미국]]에는 7,699명의 에이즈 환자와 3,665명의 사망자가 보고되었으며 유럽에서는 762명의 추가 환자가 발생했다. 다음 해 전 세계에서 2만건이 넘는 사람이 감염되었다.<ref name=":0" />

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[후자 (활동가)]]
== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 참고 문헌 ==

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* {{저널 인용|title=The growing threat of China's HIV epidemic|journal=The Lancet Public Health|last1=Zheng|first1=Sifan|date=July 2018|volume=3|issue=7|pages=e311|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30098-7|pmid=29976325}}

{{HIV와 AIDS}}

[[분류:나라별 HIV/AIDS]]
[[분류:범유행]]
[[분류:아시아의 의료]]
[[분류:중국의 의료]]