{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{도시 정보
| 이름     = 토룬
| 정식표기 = {{lang|pl|Toruń}}
| 별명     = 천사의 도시
| 표어     = "나는 견뎌낼 것이다({{llang|la|Durabo}})"
| 그림     = Collage of views of Torun, Poland.jpg
| 시기     = POL Toruń flag.svg
| 휘장     = POL Toruń COA.svg
| 지도     =폴란드
| 위치지도 = 폴란드
| 위도도= 53 | 위도분= 01 | 위도초=20 | 남북= N
| 경도도=18 | 경도분=36 | 경도초=40 | 동서= E
| 나라     = {{국기나라|폴란드}}
| 자치구   =24
| 지역     =[[쿠야비포모제주]]
| 설립일   =[[10세기]]
| 인구     = 202,521명<ref>http://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/ludnosc/ludnosc/powierzchnia-i-ludnosc-w-przekroju-terytorialnym-w-2017-r-,7,14.html</ref>
| 인구년도 =2017
| 인구밀도 = 1,750명/km<sup>2</sup><ref>http://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/ludnosc/ludnosc/powierzchnia-i-ludnosc-w-przekroju-terytorialnym-w-2017-r-,7,14.html</ref>
| 면적     = 115.72 km<sup>2</sup>
| 해발     =34-95 m
| 시간대   = 중앙유럽 표준시 (UTC+1)
| 우편번호 = 87-100부터 87-120까지
| 지역번호 = +48/ 56
| 웹사이트 = http://www.torun.pl/
|그림너비=300px}}
'''토룬'''({{llang|pl|Toruń}}, {{llang|de|Thorn|토른}})은 [[폴란드]] 중부에 위치해 있는 [[중공업]] 도시이다. 1997년에 구 시가지가 [[세계유산]]에 등록되었다.

== 역사 ==
[[13세기]] 중반 [[프로이센]]의 정복과 복음 전도의 기지로 세워졌으며, [[한자 동맹]]의 일원으로서 상업의 중심지로 발달하였다.

== 지형 ==
[[비스와강]]의 중하류 지역에 위치하고 있다.

== 인구 ==
{{US Census population|align=none
|1960= 38059
|1970= 71150
|1980= 81221
|1990= 83995
|2000= 89730
|2010= 91714
|estyear=2019
|estimate=91394
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015|df=mdy}}</ref>
}}

== 기후 ==
{{Weather box
| width  = 100% <!-- 77% if there is a template or image next to it -->
| location = Toruń (St. Joseph), elevation: 69 m, 1991-2020 normals, extremes 1951–present
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 12.8
| Feb record high C = 17.1
| Mar record high C = 23.4
| Apr record high C = 31.2
| May record high C = 32.3
| Jun record high C = 36.6
| Jul record high C = 38.2
| Aug record high C = 37.5
| Sep record high C = 35.1
| Oct record high C = 28.2
| Nov record high C = 19.9
| Dec record high C = 15.6
| year record high C = 38.2
| Jan high C = 1.4
| Feb high C = 3.2
| Mar high C = 7.6
| Apr high C = 14.6
| May high C = 19.8
| Jun high C = 23.0
| Jul high C = 25.1
| Aug high C = 24.9
| Sep high C = 19.3
| Oct high C = 13.1
| Nov high C = 6.6
| Dec high C = 2.7
| year high C = 13.4
| Jan mean C = -1.1
| Feb mean C = -0.1
| Mar mean C = 3.2
| Apr mean C = 8.8
| May mean C = 13.8
| Jun mean C = 17.1
| Jul mean C = 19.3
| Aug mean C = 18.9
| Sep mean C = 13.9
| Oct mean C = 8.7
| Nov mean C = 4.0
| Dec mean C = 0.4
| year mean C = 8.9
| Jan low C = -3.8
| Feb low C = -3.1
| Mar low C = -0.9
| Apr low C = 3.1
| May low C = 7.8
| Jun low C = 11.3
| Jul low C = 13.6
| Aug low C = 13.2
| Sep low C = 9.1
| Oct low C = 5.0
| Nov low C = 1.5
| Dec low C = -2.1
| year low C = 4.6
| Jan record low C = -32.4
| Feb record low C = -29.3
| Mar record low C = -26.5
| Apr record low C = -8.6
| May record low C = -7.2
| Jun record low C = -1.4
| Jul record low C = 3.1
| Aug record low C = 1.4
| Sep record low C = -3.7
| Oct record low C = -10.1
| Nov record low C = -22.8
| Dec record low C = -24.5
| year record low C = -32.4
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 32.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 27.3
| Mar precipitation mm = 32.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 29.6
| May precipitation mm = 51.2
| Jun precipitation mm = 55.7
| Jul precipitation mm = 90.6
| Aug precipitation mm = 63.9
| Sep precipitation mm = 55.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 37.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 33.5
| Dec precipitation mm = 38.5
| year precipitation mm = 548.8
| Jan snow depth cm = 6.1
| Feb snow depth cm = 5.7
| Mar snow depth cm = 3.0
| Apr snow depth cm = 1.1
| May snow depth cm = 0.0
| Jun snow depth cm = 0.0
| Jul snow depth cm = 0.0
| Aug snow depth cm = 0.0
| Sep snow depth cm = 0.0
| Oct snow depth cm = 0.0
| Nov snow depth cm = 1.5
| Dec snow depth cm = 4.2
| year snow depth cm = 
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 16.07
| Feb precipitation days = 13.30
| Mar precipitation days = 13.33
| Apr precipitation days = 10.73
| May precipitation days = 12.83
| Jun precipitation days = 13.47
| Jul precipitation days = 13.63
| Aug precipitation days = 12.53
| Sep precipitation days = 11.63
| Oct precipitation days = 12.73
| Nov precipitation days = 14.27
| Dec precipitation days = 16.27
| year precipitation days = 160.80
| unit snow days = 0 cm
| Jan snow days = 14.8
| Feb snow days = 12.1
| Mar snow days = 5.4
| Apr snow days = 0.5
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.0
| Nov snow days = 2.3
| Dec snow days = 9.1
| year snow days = 44.2
| Jan humidity = 87.1
| Feb humidity = 83.2
| Mar humidity = 76.7
| Apr humidity = 68.3
| May humidity = 67.8
| Jun humidity = 68.9
| Jul humidity = 70.2
| Aug humidity = 70.7
| Sep humidity = 77.8
| Oct humidity = 83.1
| Nov humidity = 89.0
| Dec humidity = 88.9
| year humidity = 77.6
| Jan sun = 44.7
| Feb sun = 68.2
| Mar sun = 124.0
| Apr sun = 196.1
| May sun = 244.0
| Jun sun = 237.4
| Jul sun = 239.2
| Aug sun = 233.5
| Sep sun = 157.3
| Oct sun = 106.7
| Nov sun = 44.2
| Dec sun = 34.9
| year sun = 1730.1
|source 1 = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management<ref name=IMGWtavg>
{{웹 인용
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115527/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE
| archive-date = 3 December 2021
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE
| title = Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWtmin>
{{웹 인용
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043924/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE
| title = Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWtmax>
{{웹 인용
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044916/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE
| title = Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWprecip>
{{웹 인용
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220109045820/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA
| archive-date = 9 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA
| title = Miesięczna suma opadu
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWprecipdays>
{{웹 인용
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115051112/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01
| title = Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsnowdepth>
{{웹 인용
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054936/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB
| title = Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsnowdays>
{{웹 인용
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220121044246/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| archive-date = 21 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| title = Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsun>
{{웹 인용
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055331/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL
| title = Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)<ref name=recordhigh>
{{웹 인용
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353180250&par=tmax&max_empty=3
| title = Toruń Absolutna temperatura maksymalna
| date = 6 April 2018
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=recordlow>
{{웹 인용
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353180250&par=tmin&max_empty=3
| title = Toruń Absolutna temperatura minimalna
| date = 6 April 2018
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=relativehumidity>
{{웹 인용
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353180250&par=rh&max_empty=3
| title = Toruń Średnia wilgotność
| date = 6 April 2018
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 22 January 2022}}</ref>
}}

== 토룬 출신의 인물 ==
* [[니콜라우스 코페르니쿠스]] - 천문학자
* [[알렉산더 볼시찬]] - 천문학자

== 기타 ==
[[김광균]]의 유명한 시 〈추일서정(秋日序情)〉(1940년 작)에 '도룬 市'란 이름으로 등장한다.
 낙엽은 폴란드 망명 정부의 지폐
 포화(砲火)에 이지러진
 도룬 시의 가을 하늘을 생각케 한다.
 <이하 생략>

== 자매 도시 ==
* {{국기나라|미국}} [[필라델피아]] (1976년)
* {{국기나라|독일}} [[괴팅겐]] (1978년)
* {{국기나라|네덜란드}} [[레이던]] (1988년)
* {{국기나라|핀란드}} [[해멘린나]] (1989년)
* {{국기나라|러시아}} [[칼리닌그라드]] (1995년)
* {{국기나라|슬로바키아}} [[차트차]] (1996년)
* {{국기나라|영국}} [[스윈던]] (2003년)
* {{국기나라|슬로베니아}} [[노보메스토]] (2005년)

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
{{위키공용분류}}
* {{언어링크|pl|en|de}} [http://www.torun.pl/ 공식 홈페이지]

{{쿠야비포모제주}}
{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:토룬| ]]
[[분류:쿠야비포모제주의 도시]]
[[분류:폴란드의 주도]]
[[분류:폴란드의 세계유산]]
[[분류:한자 동맹 가맹도시]]
[[분류:서프로이센]]
[[분류:폴란드의 도시군]]