{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{민족 정보
| 너비 = 
| 민족 = 튀르키예인
| 현지어명 = Türkler
| 그림 = Turks collage.png
| 그림크기 = 300px
| 인구전체 = 약 8,000만 명
| 인구거점 = {{국기나라|튀르키예}}<br/>{{국기나라|북키프로스}}
| 지역1 =
| 지역2 = 
| 지역3 =
| 지역4 = 
| 언어 = [[튀르키예어]]
| 현지어 = 
| 종교 = '''대다수''': [[이슬람교]]([[수니파]])<br/>'''소수''': [[기독교]]([[개신교]]), [[무종교]]
| 민족계통 = [[오구즈 튀르크]]
| 기원발상 = [[오스만 튀르크]]
| 관련민족 = [[우즈벡인]], [[아제리인]], [[투르크멘인]]
}}
'''튀르키예인''' 또는 '''터키인'''({{llang|tr|Türkler|튀르클레르}}, {{llang|en|Turkish people}})은 [[튀르키예어]]의 다양한 방언을 사용하며 [[튀르키예]]와 [[북키프로스]]에서 다수를 형성하는 [[튀르크족|튀르크계 민족]]이다. 또한 [[오스만 제국]]의 다른 옛 영토에 걸쳐 수백년 된 튀르키예인 공동체가 여전히 존재하고 있다. 튀르키예 헌법 66조는 "튀르키예인"을 "시민권을 통해 튀르키예 국가에 귀속되는 모든 사람"으로 정의한다. 튀르키예 시민과 관련하여 "튀르키예인"이라는 용어의 법적 사용은 용어의 민족적 정의와 다르지만,<ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a87kwv3fzicC|제목=The minority concept in the Turkish context: practices and perceptions in Turkey, Greece, and France|성=Akgönül|이름=Samim|날짜=2013|출판사=Brill|위치=Leiden|쪽=136|isbn=978-9004222113}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_skFDAAAQBAJ|제목=Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law|성=Bayir|이름=Derya|날짜=22 April 2016|isbn=978-1317095798}}</ref> 튀르키예 인구의 대다수(70~75%)는 튀르크족이다.<ref name="CIATurkey">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey/|제목=Turkey|웹사이트=[[The World Factbook]]|출판사=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110073821/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey/|보존날짜=10 January 2021|url-status=dead|확인날짜=12 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/turkey-population|제목=Turkey Demographics|웹사이트=World Population Review|확인날짜=26 September 2022}}</ref> 대다수의 튀르키예인은 [[무슬림]]이며 [[수니파]]와 [[알레비파]]를 따른다.<ref name="Mayer2010">{{인용|출판사=[[Westview Press]]}}</ref>

따라서 투르크족은 다양한 문화적, 지역적 변종으로 구별될 수 있지만 별개의 민족으로 기능하지는 않는다.<ref name="Nyropetal1973">{{인용|출판사=[[United States Government Publishing Office]]}}</ref><ref name="Mayer2010">{{인용|출판사=[[Westview Press]]}}</ref> 특히 아나톨리아의 튀르크 문화는 [[터키 민족주의|튀르키예 국민주의]] 이념의 밑바탕이 되고 영향을 미쳤다.<ref name="Nyropetal1973" /> 다른 튀르크 집단으로는 역사적으로 [[발칸반도|발칸 반도]]에 위치한 루멜리안 튀르크인;<ref name="Mayer2010" /><ref name="Şimşir1989">{{인용|출판사=[[:tr:Basın-Yayın ve Enformasyon Genel Müdürlüğü|Directorate General of Press and Information]]}}</ref> 키프로스섬의 [[터키계 키프로스인|튀르키예계 키프로스인]], 원래 [[조지아]] [[메스헤티|메스케티]]에 기반을 둔 [[메스헤티 튀르크인|메스케티안 튀르크인]];<ref name="Cornell2005">{{인용|출판사=[[Routledge]]}}</ref> [[중동|중동 전역]]의 튀르키예인,<ref name="Mayer2010" /> [[레반트]]의 "투르크멘인"(예: [[이라크 튀르크멘|이라크 투르크멘]], [[시리아 튀르크멘|시리아 투르크멘]], [[레바논 투르크멘]] 등) 등이 포함된다.<ref name="Saatçi 2018 loc=331">{{인용|출판사=[[Harrassowitz Verlag]]}}</ref> 결과적으로 투르크족은 [[불가리아]]에서 가장 큰 소수민족이 되었으며, [[이라크]],<ref name="Triana2017">{{인용|출판사=[[Taylor & Francis]]}}</ref> [[리비아]], [[북마케도니아]], [[시리아]], [[코소보]]에서 두번째로 큰 소수민족이 되었다. 그들은 또한 [[그리스]]의 [[서트라키아]], [[루마니아]]의 [[도브루자]], [[레바논]]의 [[악카르]]에서 실질적인 공동체를 형성할뿐만 아니라 다른 오스만 제국 이후의 발칸 및 중동 국가에서도 소수 집단을 형성하고 있다. 19세기 이후 [[오스만 제국의 수축기 동안 무슬림에 대한 박해|오스만 투르크 시대의 무슬림 박해]] 이후 인종 청소를 피해 도망친 대량 이민 물결은 대량 이주로 이어졌다. 이 튀르키예인 공동체는 모두 이전 오스만 땅 밖에서의 [[터키 디아스포라|튀르키예인 디아스포라]] 형성에 기여했다. 1870년에서 1923년 사이에 약 200만 명의 투르크인이 학살되었고 그곳을 탈출한 사람들은 [[무하시르|무하키르]]로 튀르키예에 정착했다.<ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gt8SDAAAQBAJ&q=Muslims+casualties+millions+Balkans&pg=PA93|제목=The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878|성=Biondich|이름=Mark|날짜=2011-02-17|출판사=Oxford University Press|언어=en|isbn=978-0-19-929905-8|인용문=In the period between 1878 and 1912, as many as two million Muslims emigrated voluntarily or involuntarily from the Balkans. When one adds those who were killed or expelled between 1912 and 1923, the number of Muslim casualties from the Balkan far exceeds three million. By 1923 fewer than one million remained in the Balkans}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|url=http://archive.org/details/immigrationasylu00matt|제목=Immigration and Asylum: From 1900 to the Present|성=Gibney|이름=Matthew J.|성2=Hansen|이름2=Randall|날짜=2005|출판사=Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO|기타=Internet Archive|isbn=978-1-57607-796-2}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|url=http://archive.org/details/historyofturkey00doug|제목=The history of Turkey|성=Howard|이름=Douglas A. (Douglas Arthur)|날짜=2001|출판사=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|기타=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-30708-9}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_KttAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Turks+were+massacred%22|제목=The Middle East, Abstracts and Index|날짜=1999|출판사=Northumberland Press|언어=en}}</ref> 투르크인의 대량 이민은 또한 [[오스트리아]],<ref>{{인용|출판사=[[United States Government Publishing Office]]}}</ref> [[덴마크]],<ref name="Liversage2013">{{인용|출판사=[[Routledge]]}}</ref> [[독일]],<ref name="Friedrichsetal2012">{{인용|출판사=[[Policy Press]]}}</ref> 및 [[네덜란드]]에서 가장 큰 소수 민족 그룹을 형성하도록 이끌었다.<ref name="Friedrichsetal2012" /> [[유럽의 터키인|유럽의 다른 지역]]뿐만 아니라 [[북아메리카|북미]], [[오스트레일리아|호주]] 및 [[구소련 국가]]들에도 튀르키예인 공동체가 있다. 튀르키예인은 세계에서 13번째로 큰 민족이다.

11세기 [[셀주크 왕조|셀주크 투르크]]의 정복을 통해 [[중앙아시아]]의 투르크인들이 [[아나톨리아]]에 정착했다. 이로 인해 이전에 알렉산드로스 대왕에 의해 헬레니즘화된 후 주로 그리스어를 사용하는 지역이었던 지역이 튀르키예 무슬림 지역으로 변모하기 시작했다.<ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQvUAAAAQBAJ|제목=Essays in Ottoman and Turkish History, 1774–1923: The Impact of the West|성=Davison|이름=Roderic H.|날짜=2013|출판사=University of Texas Press|쪽=3–4|isbn=978-0292758940|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806173413/https://books.google.com/books?id=NQvUAAAAQBAJ|보존날짜=6 August 2018|url-status=live|확인날짜=22 September 2016|인용문=So the Seljuk sultanate was a successor state ruling part of the medieval Greek empire, and within it the process of Turkification of a previously Hellenized Anatolian population continued. That population must already have been of very mixed ancestry, deriving from ancient Hittite, Phrygian, Cappadocian, and other civilizations as well as Roman and Greek.}}</ref><ref>{{백과사전 인용|출판사=Routledge}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AbnwAAAAQBAJ|제목=Everyday life in Central Asia : past and present|성=Sahadeo|이름=Jeff|성2=Zanca|이름2=Russell|날짜=2007|출판사=Indiana University Press|위치=Bloomington|쪽=22–23|isbn=978-0253013538}}</ref> 오스만 제국은 수세기에 걸쳐 [[발칸반도|발칸 반도]], [[남캅카스]], [[중동]], [[북아프리카]]와 이란 일부 등 수많은 영토를 차지하게 되었다. 제국은 제1차 세계 대전이 끝날 때까지 지속되었으며, 그 때 [[연합국 (제1차 세계 대전)|연합군]]에 의해 패배하고 분할되었다. 연합군에게 빼앗긴 영토의 상당 부분을 [[터키 민족 운동|튀르키예 국민 운동]]이 수복하면서 [[튀르키예 독립 전쟁]]이 끝난 이후, 1922년 11월 1일 튀르키예 국민 운동이 오스만 제국을 종식시키고 1923년 10월 29일 [[튀르키예|튀르키예 공화국]]을 선포했다.

== 역사 ==

=== 선사시대, 고대, 중세 초기 ===
오늘날 튀르키예인들의 주된 거주지인 [[아나톨리아|아나톨리아 반도]]에는 [[구석기 시대|구석기]] 시대에 처음 수렵채집민이 거주하기 시작하였으며, 고대에는 아나톨리아인들이 거주했다.{{Sfn|Stokes|Gorman|2010b}}{{Cref|a}} 기원전 334년 알렉산드로스 대왕의 정복 이후, 아나톨리아 지역은 헬레니즘화되었고, 기원전 1세기에 이르러서는 토착 아나톨리아어파 언어들이 멸종되었다고 일반적으로 생각된다.<ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QDJNg5Nyef0C&pg=PA1|제목=The Elements of Hittite|성=Theo van den Hout|날짜=27 October 2011|출판사=Cambridge University Press|쪽=1|isbn=978-1-139-50178-1|확인날짜=24 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ND_CE9If3kC|제목=The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia: (10,000–323 BCE)|성=Sharon R. Steadman|성2=Gregory McMahon|날짜=15 September 2011|출판사=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-537614-2|확인날짜=23 March 2013}}</ref>
== 튀르키예인의 분포 ==
* [[튀르키예]]
* [[독일]]
* [[불가리아]]
* [[네덜란드]]
* [[프랑스]]
* [[마케도니아 공화국]]
* [[그리스]]
* [[키프로스]] ([[북키프로스]])
* [[루마니아]]
* [[러시아]]
* [[미국]]
* [[영국]]

== 튀르키예인의 국가 ==
* [[셀주크 제국]] (1037년–1194년)
* [[룸 술탄국]] (1077년–1307년)
* [[오스만 제국]] (1299년–1923년)
* [[튀르키예]] (1923년–현재)
{| align=center
|-
|style="vertical-align: top"|
[[파일:Seljuk Empire locator map.svg|섬네일|230px|가운데|1092년의 [[셀주크 제국]]([[:en:Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Empire]]: 1037–1194)의 최대 판도]]
|style="vertical-align: top"|
[[파일:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum 1190 Locator Map.svg|섬네일|250px|[[룸 술탄국]]([[:en:Sultanate of Rum|Sultanate of Rum]]: 1077–1307)]]
|style="vertical-align: top"|
[[파일:OttomanEmpireIn1683.png|섬네일|230px|가운데|[[오스만 제국]]([[:en:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]]: 1299–1923)]]
|}

== 언어 ==
거의 대부분의 튀르키예인들은 [[튀르키예어]]를 사용한다. 터키 동부 지방에는 쿠르드인들과 함께 [[쿠르드어]]를 쓰는 터키인들도 있다. 남동부, 시리아 국경 지방에는 가끔 [[아랍어]]를 사용하는 튀르키예인들도 살고 있다.

== 종교 ==
튀르키예인의 98%가 [[수니파]] [[이슬람교]]를 믿으며 [[시아파]]를 믿는 사람도 있다. 나머지 2%는 [[개신교]]이다.

== 같이 보기 ==
* {{임시링크|재독일 터키인|en|Turks in Germany}} - 터키계 독일인들도 포함
* [[튀르크족]]
* 오구즈족
== 각주 ==
=== 인용주 ===

=== 참조주 ===
{{각주}}

== 서지 ==
{{참고 자료 시작|30em}}
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* {{인용|last=Stansfield|first=Gareth R. V.|year=2007|title=Iraq: People, History, Politics|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-0-7456-3227-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/iraqpeoplehistor0000stan}}.
* {{인용|last=Stavrianos|first=Leften Stavros|year=2000|title=The Balkans Since 1453|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=978-1850655510}}.
* {{인용|last1=Stokes|first1=Jamie|last2=Gorman|first2=Anthony|year=2010a|chapter=Turkic Peoples |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East|publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1438126760}}.
* {{인용|last1=Stokes|first1=Jamie|last2=Gorman|first2=Anthony|year=2010b|chapter=Turks: nationality |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East|publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1438126760}}.
* {{인용|last=Taylor|first=Scott|year=2004|title=Among the Others: Encounters with the Forgotten Turkmen of Iraq|publisher=Esprit de Corps Books|isbn=978-1-895896-26-8}}.
* {{인용|last=Tomlinson|first=Kathryn|year=2005|chapter=Living Yesterday in Today and Tomorrow: Meskhetian Turks in Southern Russia|title=Writing History, Constructing Religion|editor1-last=Crossley |editor1-first=James G. |editor2-last=Karner|editor2-first=Christian|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0-7546-5183-3}}.
* {{인용|last1=Twigg|first1=Stephen|last2=Schaefer|first2=Sarah|last3=Austin|first3=Greg|last4=Parker|first4=Kate|year=2005|title=Turks in Europe: Why are we afraid?|url=http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/597.pdf|publisher=The Foreign Policy Centre|isbn=978-1903558799|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709223856/http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/597.pdf|archive-date=9 July 2011}}
* {{인용|last1=Uchiyama|first1=Junzo|last2=Gillam|first2=J. Christopher|last3=Savelyev|first3=Alexander|last4=Ning|first4=Chao|display-authors=1|date=21 May 2020 |title=Populations dynamics in Northern Eurasian forests: a long-term perspective from Northeast Asia |journal=Evolutionary Human Sciences |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume= 2|doi=10.1017/ehs.2020.11 |doi-access=free |ref={{harvid|Uchiyama et al.|2020}} }} [[파일:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text may have been copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016050101/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |date=16 October 2017 }}.
* {{인용|last=UNHCR|year=1999a|title=Background Paper on Refugees and Asylum Seekers from Azerbaijan|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/3ae6a6504.pdf|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}.
* {{인용|last=UNHCR|year=1999b|title=Background Paper on Refugees and Asylum Seekers from Georgia|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/3ae6a6590.pdf|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}.
* {{인용|last=Whitman|first=Lois|year=1990|title=Destroying ethnic identity: the Turks of Greece |publisher=Human Rights Watch|isbn=978-0-929692-70-8}}.
* {{인용|last=Wolf-Gazo |first=Ernest |year=1996 |title=John Dewey in Turkey: An Educational Mission |url=http://www.ake.hacettepe.edu.tr/Install/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=282&Itemid=74 |journal=Journal of American Studies of Turkey |volume=3 |pages=15–42 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427203925/http://www.ake.hacettepe.edu.tr/Install/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=282&Itemid=74 |archive-date=27 April 2014 |access-date=6 March 2006 }}
* {{인용|last1=Yardumian|first1=Aram|last2=Schurr|first2=Theodore G.|s2cid=142580885|year=2011|title=Who Are the Anatolian Turks? A Reappraisal of the Anthropological Genetic Evidence|journal=Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia|volume=50|issue=1|pages=6–42|doi=10.2753/AAE1061-1959500101|url=http://mesharpe.metapress.com/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,2,6;journal,2,191;linkingpublicationresults,1:110900,1}}{{깨진 링크|date=May 2018 |bot=GreenC |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{인용|last=Yiangou|first=Anastasia|year=2010|title=Cyprus in World War II: Politics and Conflict in the Eastern Mediterranean|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1848854369}}.
* {{인용|last1=Zeytinoğlu|first1=Güneş N.|last2=Bonnabeau|first2=Richard F.|last3=Eşkinat|first3=Rana |year=2012|chapter=Ethnopolitical Conflict in Turkey: Turkish Armenians: From Nationalism to Diaspora |title=Handbook of Ethnic Conflict: International Perspectives|editor1-last=Landis|editor1-first=Dan |editor2-last=Albert|editor2-first=Rosita D.|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1461404477}}.
{{참고 자료 끝}}

== 추가 자료 ==
{{참고 자료 시작}}
* {{인용|title=Cezayir Ülke Raporu 2008 |publisher=Algeria Embassy Trade Consultancy |url=http://www.musavirlikler.gov.tr/altdetay.cfm?AltAlanID=368&dil=TR&ulke=DZ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929205227/http://www.musavirlikler.gov.tr/altdetay.cfm?AltAlanID=368&dil=TR&ulke=DZ |archive-date=29 September 2013 }}.
* {{인용|date=8 February 2011|chapter=Community Profile: Kosovo Turks|title=Kosovo Communities Profile 2010|publisher=Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|chapter-url=http://www.osce.org/kosovo/75450}}.
* {{보도자료 인용|title=COMUNICAT DE PRESĂ – privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensământului Populaţiei şi Locuinţelor – 2011 |language=ro |trans-title=PRESS RELEASE – on the provisional results of the Population and Housing Census – 2011 |date=2 February 2012 |place=Romania |publisher=Central Commission for the Census of Population and Housing |url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Comunicat_DATE_PROVIZORII_RPL_2011.pdf |access-date=14 May 2012 |archive-date=2 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802060014/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Comunicat_DATE_PROVIZORII_RPL_2011.pdf |url-status=dead }}
* {{보고서 인용|title=Cyprus: Bridging the Property Divide |series=Europe Report N°210 |date=9 December 2010 |publisher=International Crisis Group |url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/europe/turkey-cyprus/cyprus/210%20Cyprus%20-%20Bridging%20the%20Property%20Divide.ashx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103083632/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/europe/turkey-cyprus/cyprus/210%20Cyprus%20-%20Bridging%20the%20Property%20Divide.ashx |archive-date=3 November 2011 }}
* {{보고서 인용|title=Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds: Conflict or Cooperation? |series=Middle East Report N°81 |date=13 November 2008 |publisher=International Crisis Group |url-status=dead |url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iraq%20Syria%20Lebanon/Iraq/81Turkey%20and%20Iraqi%20Kurds%20Conflict%20or%20Cooperation.ashx |archive-date=12 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112131324/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iraq%20Syria%20Lebanon/Iraq/81Turkey%20and%20Iraqi%20Kurds%20Conflict%20or%20Cooperation.ashx }}
* {{인용|year=2002|title=Population by ethnic groups, regions, counties and areas|place=Romania|publisher=National Institute of Statistics|url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/RPL2002INS/vol5/tables/t16.pdf}}
* {{인용|year=2008|title=The Report: Algeria 2008|publisher=Oxford Business Group|isbn=978-1-902339-09-2}}.
{{참고 자료 끝}}

== 외부 링크 ==
{{위키공용분류|People of Turkey}}

{{터키 주제}}
{{튀르크족}}
{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:튀르키예인| ]]
[[분류:튀르키예 사람| ]]
[[분류:튀르키예의 민족]]
[[분류:불가리아의 민족]]
[[분류:마케도니아의 민족]]
[[분류:그리스의 민족]]
[[분류:키프로스의 민족]]
[[분류:러시아의 민족]]
[[분류:루마니아의 민족]]
[[분류:캅카스의 민족]]
[[분류:중동의 민족]]