{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
'''비교역사학'''은 같은 시대에 존재했거나 비슷한 문화적 조건을 공유했던 여러 사회를 비교하는 것이다.

사회비교역사학은 [[몽테스키외]], [[볼테르]], [[애덤 스미스]] 등으로 대표되는 18세기 계몽주의 지식인들 사이에서 중요한 전문분야로 등장했다. 19세기 사회학자와 경제학자들은 [[알렉시 드 토크빌|드 토크빌]], [[카를 마르크스|마르크스]], [[막스 베버|베버]]가 예시하는 것처럼 종종 비교역사학을 탐구했다.<ref>Stephen Kalberg, ''Max Weber's Comparative-Historical Sociology'' (University of Arizona Press, 1994)</ref>

20세기 전반에는 (독일인) [[오스발트 슈펭글러]],<ref>Spengler (1918)</ref> (러시아계 미국인) [[피티림 소로킨]],<ref>Sorokin (1950); Sorokin (1959)</ref> 그리고 (영국인) [[아널드 J. 토인비]]의 비교사를 따라가는 대규모 독서 대중이 있었다.<ref>Toynbee (1934-61)</ref> 그러나 1950년대 이후 비교사는 대중의 시야에서 사라지고 이제는 전문학자들의 독립적인 영역이 되었다.<ref>Barraclough (1979), chapter 1.</ref>

[[배링턴 무어 주니어|배링턴 무어]], [[세이무어 마틴 립셋]], [[찰스 틸리]], [[마이클 만 (사회학자)|마이클 만]]을 비롯한 몇몇 사회학자들도 이 분야에서 유명하다.<ref>Mann (1993)</ref>

역사가들은 일반적으로 서로 다른 사회의 특정 제도(은행, 여성의 권리, 인종적 정체성)를 비교하는 것을 받아들인다. 그러나 1950년대 토인비에 대한 적대적인 반응 이후로 일반적으로 전 세계의 광범위한 범위를 포괄하는 포괄적인 비교 연구에는 별로 관심을 두지 않는다.<ref>William H. McNeill, ''Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life'' (1989) ch 1</ref>

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 참고 자료 ==

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[[분류:사학사]]
[[분류:역사적 분야]]