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[[파일:Joseph Butler.png|섬네일]]
'''조셉 버틀러'''(Joseph Butler, 1692년 5월 18일 – 1752년 6월 16일)는 [[잉글랜드인|영국]]의 [[주교]], [[기독교 신학|신학자]], [[변증론|변증학자]] 및 [[철학자]]이다. 그는 [[잉글랜드|영국]] [[버크셔주|버크셔]] (현재 [[옥스퍼드셔주]] )의 완타그에서 태어났다. 그는 무엇보다도 [[이신론]], [[토머스 홉스|토마스 홉스]]의 이기주의, 그리고 [[존 로크]]의 [[정체성|개인의 정체성]] 이론에 대한 비판으로 잘 알려져 있다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/butler/|제목=Joseph Butler (1692–1752)}}</ref> 버틀러는 [[데이비드 흄]], [[토머스 리드|토마스 리드 (Thomas Reid)]], [[애덤 스미스|아담 스미스 (Adam Smith)]],<ref>White (2006), §8.</ref> [[헨리 시즈윅|헨리 시지 윅 (Henry Sidgwick)]],<ref>J. B. Schneewind, ''Sidgwick's Ethics and Victorian Moral Philosophy''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978, p. 47.</ref> [[존 헨리 뉴먼|존 헨리 뉴먼 (John Henry Newman)]],<ref>John Henry Cardinal Newman, ''Apologia Pro Vita Sua''. New York: Modern Library, 1950, p. 41. Originally published in 1946.</ref>, 그리고 CD 브로드를<ref>C. D. Broad, ''Five Types of Ethical Theory''. Paterson, NJ: Littlefield, Adams, and Co., 1959, p. 83. Originally published in 1930.</ref> 비롯한 많은 철학자와 종교 사상가들에게 영향을 미쳤다, 그는 저명한 도덕론자로 인정받고 있다. "<ref>James C. Livingston, ''Modern Christian Thought''. New York: Macmillan, 1971, p. 47.</ref> 그는 18 세기 경제 담론의 발전에 있어 중요한 역할을 했고, 글로스터 학장이며 정치 경제학자인 조시아 터커에게 큰 영향을 미쳤다.<ref>Peter Xavier Price, 'LIBERTY, POVERTY AND CHARITY IN THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF JOSIAH TUCKER AND JOSEPH BUTLER', ''Modern Intellectual History'' (2017), 1–30. doi:10.1017/S1479244317000518. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-intellectual-history/article/liberty-poverty-and-charity-in-the-political-economy-of-josiah-tucker-and-joseph-butler/E3B56A0D455E3AD634E53901B95C3318#fndtn-information</ref>
== 출판물 ==
* [https://archive.org/details/worksofjosephbut00butluoft ''Several letters to the Reverend Dr. Clarke''], 1716, 1719, 1725 – reprinted in Volume 1 of Gladstone's edition of Butler's works
* [https://archive.org/stream/fifteensermonspr00butluoft#page/n3/mode/2up ''Fifteen sermons preached at the Rolls Chapel''], 1726, 1729, 1736, 1749, 1759, 1765, 1769, 1774, 1792
* [https://archive.org/details/worksofjosephbut00butluoft ''The Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, to the Constitution and Course of Nature''], 1736, [https://archive.org/details/analogyreligion16butlgoog 1740], 1750, 1754, 1764, 1765, 1771, 1775, 1785, 1788, 1791, 1793, 1796, 1798
* ''A sermon preached before the Incorporated Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts'', 1739
* ''A sermon preached before the Right Honourable the Lord-Mayor'', 1740
* ''A sermon preached before the House of Lords'', 1741, 1747
* ''A sermon preached in the parish-church of Christ-Church'', London, 1745
* ''A sermon, preached before His Grace Charles Duke of Richmond, Lenox, and Aubigny, president'', 1748, 1751
* [https://archive.org/details/butlerssixsermo00butlgoog ''Six sermons preached upon publick occasions''], 1749
* ''A catalogue of the libraries [...]'', 1753
* [https://archive.org/details/worksofjosephbut02butluoft ''A charge delivered to the clergy at the primary visitation of the diocese of Durham''], 1751, 1786 – reprinted in Volume 2 of Gladstone's edition of Butler's works

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[이타주의]]
* [[기독교 철학]]
* [[이신론]]

== 참고 문헌 ==
* [[William Lucas Collins]] [https://archive.org/details/collinsonbutler00colluoft ''Butler''] Philosophical Classics for English Readers, Blackwood 1881
* "Butler, Joseph." ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 1911 edition
* [[Austin Duncan-Jones]] ''Butler's Moral Philosophy'' Penguin 1952
* Ramm, Bernard "Joseph Butler," ''Varieties of Christian Apologetics: An Introduction to the Christian Philosophy of Religion'', Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, 1962 pp.&nbsp;107–124.
* Rurak, James "Butler's ''Analogy'': A Still Interesting Synthesis of Reason and Revelation," ''Anglican Theological Review'' 62 (October) 1980 pp.&nbsp;365–381.
* Brown, Colin ''Miracles and the Critical Mind'', Paternoster, Exeter UK/William B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids 1984
* Craig, William Lane ''The Historical Argument for the Resurrection of Jesus During the Deist Controversy'', Texts and Studies in Religion, Volume 23. Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston, New York & Queenston, Ontario 1985
* Garrett, Aaron [http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2012/entries/butler-moral/ ''Joseph Butler's Moral Philosophy''], [[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] 2012
* Penelhum, Terence. ''Butler''. New York: Routledge, 1985.
* White, David E. "[http://www.iep.utm.edu/b/butler.htm Joseph Butler]," [[Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]], J. Fieser & B. Dowden (eds.) 2006

== 외부 링크 ==
{{EB1911 poster|Butler, Joseph}}
* {{wikisource author-inline}}
* {{위키공용분류-줄}}
* [http://www.earlymoderntexts.com Contains Correspondence with Clarke, three episodes from Analogy of Religion, and five of the Fifteen Sermons, all lightly edited for easier reading]
* {{cite IEP |url-id=butler |title=Joseph Butler}}
* {{구텐베르크 저자|id=Butler,+Joseph | name=Joseph Butler}}
* {{리브리복스 저자|id=11839}}
* {{인터넷 아카이브 저자|sname=Joseph Butler}}

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:경험론자]]
[[분류:잉글랜드의 철학자]]
[[분류:성공회 성인]]
[[분류:18세기 철학자]]
[[분류:옥스퍼드 대학교 오리엘 칼리지 동문]]
[[분류:1752년 사망]]
[[분류:1692년 출생]]
[[분류:기독교 변증학자]]