{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{Infobox drug
| drug_name         =
| INN               =
| type              =<!-- empty -->
| IUPAC_name        = (2''E'',4''E'',6''E'',8''E'')-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol
| image             = All-trans-Retinol2.svg
| width             = 
| alt               = 
| image2            = Retinol 3D balls.png
| width2            = 
| alt2              = 
| imageL            =
| widthL            =
| altL              = 
| imageR            = 
| widthR            = 
| altR              = 
| caption           = Retinol
<!-- Clinical data -->
| pronounce         =
| tradename         = 
| Drugs.com         = {{Drugs.com|monograph|vitamin-a}}
| MedlinePlus       = 
| licence_EU        = <!-- EMA requires brand name -->
| licence_US        = <!-- FDA may use generic name -->
| DailyMedID        = <!-- preference to licence_US -->
| pregnancy_AU      = <!-- A/B1/B2/B3/C/D/X -->
| pregnancy_AU_comment =      
| pregnancy_US      = X
| pregnancy_US_comment =<ref name=AHFS2016/>
| pregnancy_category= 
| dependency_liability = 
| addiction_liability = 
| routes_of_administration = by mouth, IM<ref name=AHFS2016/>
| legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled-->
| legal_AU_comment = 
| legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->
| legal_CA_comment = 
| legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled-->
| legal_DE_comment = 
| legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C -->
| legal_NZ_comment = 
| legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C -->
| legal_UK_comment = 
| legal_US = OTC 
| legal_US_comment = 
| legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV-->
| legal_UN_comment = 
| legal_status      = <!--For countries not listed above-->
<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->
| bioavailability   = 
| protein_bound     = 
| metabolism        = 
| metabolites       =
| onset             = 
| elimination_half-life = 
| duration_of_action =
| excretion         =
<!-- Identifiers -->
| CAS_number        = 68-26-8
| CAS_supplemental  = 
| class             = [[vitamin]]
| ATCvet            = 
| ATC_prefix        = A11
| ATC_suffix        = CA01
| ATC_supplemental  = {{ATC|D10|AD02}}, {{ATC|R01|AX02}}, {{ATC|S01|XA02}}
| PubChem           = 1071
| PubChemSubstance  = 
| IUPHAR_ligand     = 4053
| DrugBank          = 
| ChemSpiderID      = 393012
| UNII              = 81G40H8B0T
| KEGG              = 
| ChEBI             = 17336
| ChEMBL            = 986
| NIAID_ChemDB      =
| synonyms          = 
<!-- Chemical and physical data -->
| chemical_formula  = 
| C=20  
| H=30  
| O=1
| molecular_weight  = 286.4516
| SMILES            = OC/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)/CCCC1(C)C
| Jmol              = 
| StdInChI          = 1S/C20H30O/c1-16(8-6-9-17(2)13-15-21)11-12-19-18(3)10-7-14-20(19,4)5/h6,8-9,11-13,21H,7,10,14-15H2,1-5H3/b9-6+,12-11+,16-8+,17-13+
| StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey       = FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N
| density           = 
| density_notes     = 
| melting_point     = 62-64
| melting_high      = 
| melting_notes     = 
| boiling_point     = 137-138
| boiling_notes     = ({{val|e=-6|u=mm Hg}})
| solubility        = 
| specific_rotation = 
}}
'''비타민 A<sub>1</sub>'''(Vitamin A<sub>1</sub>)으로 알려진 '''레티놀'''(retinol)은 음식에서 발견되고 [[건강 보조 식품]]으로 사용되는 [[비타민]]의 하나이다.<ref name=NIH2016/> 보조 식품으로서 특히 [[안구건조증]]을 유발하는 [[비타민 A 결핍]]을 치료하고 예방하는데 쓰인다.<ref name=AHFS2016/> 결핍이 일상화된 지역에서 한 해에 두 차례 고위험에 처한 환자에게는 한 차례 다량의 투여가 권장된다.<ref name=WHO2008/> [[홍역]]을 앓는 사람들의 추가적인 문제를 예방하기 위해서도 사용된다.<ref name=WHO2008>{{서적 인용|title=WHO Model Formulary 2008|date=2009|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=9789241547659|page=500|url=http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s16879e/s16879e.pdf|accessdate=8 December 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213060118/http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s16879e/s16879e.pdf|archivedate=13 December 2016|df=}}</ref> 구강 투여 또는 [[근육 주사]]를 통해 복용된다.<ref name=AHFS2016/>

적당한 양의 레티놀은 큰 문제를 일으키지 않는다.<ref name=AHFS2016/> 다량을 투여하면 [[간 비대]], [[피부]] 건조증, [[과비타민A증]](비타민A과잉증)을 유발할 수 있다.<ref name=AHFS2016/><ref name=BNF69>{{서적 인용|title=British national formulary : BNF 69|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|page=701|edition=69}}</ref> [[임신]] 중에 다량 투여할 경우 태아에게 위험을 초래할 수 있다.<ref name=AHFS2016/> 레티놀은 [[비타민 A]] 계열에 속한다.<ref name=AHFS2016/> 시력, 피부 관리, [[인체]] 발달을 위해서는 레티놀 또는 다른 유형의 비타민 A가 필수적이다.<ref name=AHFS2016/> 체내에는 활동 시 [[레티날]]과 [[레티노산]]으로 변환된다.<ref name=NIH2016/> 레티놀이 함유된 원천으로는 생선, [[유제품]], 고기가 포함된다.<ref name=NIH2016>{{웹 인용|title=Office of Dietary Supplements - Vitamin A|url=https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/|website=ods.od.nih.gov|accessdate=30 December 2016|date=31 August 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212224704/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/|archivedate=12 December 2016|df=}}</ref>

레티놀은 1909년에 발견되었고 1931년 분리되었으며 1947년 최초로 만드는데 성공했다.<ref>{{서적 인용|last1=Squires|first1=Victor R.|title=The Role of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Human Nutrition - Volume IV|date=2011|publisher=EOLSS Publications|isbn=9781848261952|page=121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VJWoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105201706/https://books.google.com/books?id=VJWoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121|archivedate=2017-11-05|df=}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|title=Ullmann's Food and Feed, 3 Volume Set|date=2016|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527695522|page=Chapter 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1O9DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA2034|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105201730/https://books.google.com/books?id=w1O9DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA2034|archivedate=2017-11-05|df=}}</ref> [[의료 체계]]에 가장 효과적이고 안전한 의약 목록인 [[WHO 필수 의약품 목록]]에 등재되어 있다.<ref name=WHO19th>{{웹 인용|title=WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)|url=http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=8 December 2016|date=April 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213052708/http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|archivedate=13 December 2016|df=}}</ref> 레티놀은 [[제네릭 의약품]], [[일반의약품]]으로 구매할 수 있다.<ref name=AHFS2016>{{웹 인용|title=Vitamin A|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/vitamin-a.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=8 December 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230232204/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/vitamin-a.html|archivedate=30 December 2016|df=}}</ref> [[개발도상국]]의 도매가는 50,000개 당 약 US$0.02–0.30이다.<ref name=ERC2014>{{웹 인용|title=Vitamin A|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=812&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=8 December 2016|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027232010/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=812&searchYear=2014|보존날짜=2018-10-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> 미국에서 그렇게 비싸지 않다.<ref name=Ric2015>{{서적 인용|last1=Hamilton|first1=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=230}}</ref>

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* [http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/cc/vita.html NIH Office of Dietary Supplements – Vitamin A]
* [http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section1/chapter3/3b.jsp Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy: Vitamin A Deficiency]
* [http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/vitamin_a_pub/en/index.html WHO publications on Vitamin A Deficiency]

{{비타민}}
{{카로티노이드}}

[[분류:비타민 A]]
[[분류:일차 알코올]]
[[분류:다이터펜]]
[[분류:사이클로헥센]]
[[분류:아포카로티노이드]]
[[분류:산화 방지제]]
[[분류:세계 보건 기구 필수 의약품]]