{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
[[파일:Messianic symbols.png|섬네일|메시아 유대교의 상징]]
'''메시아 유대교'''({{llang|he|יהדות משיחית|야하두트 메시히트}})는 1960년대와 70년대 사이에 일어난 종교운동으로 생긴 종파로 보는 견해가 있다. 그러나 이는 신학의 정립에 있어 종교적 형태가 완성된 시점을 의미하며 [[복음주의 기독교]]와 [[유대교]]에서 파생된 것으로 여겨진다.<ref name=Kessler2005p292 />{{refn|name=List2|Please see references:<ref name =Meltonp373a/><ref name=Ariel2006p191a/><ref name=Ariel2006p194b/><ref name = "Sherbok_179" /><ref name=Ariel2000p223/>}} 메시아 유대교는 일반적으로 [[예수]]를 유대교의 [[메시아]]와 [[삼위일체]]의 [[성자]]로 인정하지만{{refn|name=List3|Please see references:<ref name = "Sherbok_170" /><ref name = "UMJC-3" /><ref name = "BritChadasha" />}} 카톨릭에서 이야기하는 삼위일체는 세명의 신의 인격은 다신교를 연상시키므로 거부한다.<ref name = "Trinitarianism" /> 또한 거의 대부분의 메시아 유대교도가 [[히브리 성서]]와 [[신약성경]] 둘다를 아도나이(주)에 의해 쓰여진 권위적인 성서라고 믿는다.

메시아 유대교는 예수를 자신의 [[구원자]]로 받아들여야 [[구원]]이 이루어진다고 말한다.<ref name = "JeC3">{{웹 인용
| url = http://jerusalemcouncil.org/articles/faqs/do-i-need-to-be-circumcised/
| title = Do I need to be Circumcised?
| accessdate = August 18, 2010
| date = Feb 10, 2009
| publisher = JerusalemCouncil.org
| quote = To convert to the Jewish sect of HaDerech, accepting Yeshua as your King is the first act after one’s heart turns toward HaShem and His Torah – as one can not obey a commandment of God if they first do not love God, and we love God by following his Messiah. Without first accepting Yeshua as the King and thus obeying Him, then getting circumcised for the purpose of Jewish conversion only gains you access to the Jewish community. It means nothing when it comes to inheriting a place in the World to Come.…Getting circumcised apart from desiring to be obedient to HaShem, and apart from accepting Yeshua as your King, is nothing but a surgical procedure, or worse, could lead to you believe that Jewish identity grants you a portion in the World to Come – at which point, what good is Messiah Yeshua, the Word of HaShem to you? He would have died for nothing!…As a convert from the nations, part of your obligation in keeping the Covenant, if you are a male, is to get circumcised in fulfillment of the commandment regarding circumcision. Circumcision is not an absolute requirement of being a Covenant member (that is, being made righteous before HaShem, and thus obtaining eternal life), but it is a requirement of obedience to God’s commandments, because circumcision is commanded for those who are of the seed of Abraham, whether born into the family, adopted, or converted.…If after reading all of this you understand what circumcision is, and that is an act of obedience, rather than an act of gaining favor before HaShem for the purpose of receiving eternal life, then if you are male believer in Yeshua the Messiah for the redemption from death, the consequence of your sin of rebellion against Him, then pursue circumcision, and thus conversion into Judaism, as an act of obedience to the Messiah.
| 보존url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100806194736/http://jerusalemcouncil.org/articles/faqs/do-i-need-to-be-circumcised/
| 보존날짜 = 2010-08-06
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> 또한 모든 죄가 예수의 죽음과 부활로 속죄되었다고 믿으며 [[유대법]]과 유대 관습은 단지 문화적인 것일 뿐 구원에 도움을 주는 것은 아니라고 말한다.<ref name=Ariel2006p191a/> 주류 기독교 교파들은 메시아 유대교를 기독교의 한 종파로 받아들인다.<ref name = "Christians" />

메시아 유대교의 몇몇 지지자들은 민족적으로 [[유대인]]이며,<ref name = Kessler2005p292293/> 그들 중 많은 이들이 메시아 유대교가 유대교의 한 종파라고 입장을 유지한다.<ref name = "MJSelfID" /> 이들은 자신들을 여전히 유대교를 믿고 있는, 개종하지 않은 유대인이며 기독교인이 아니라고 말한다. 이들은 스스로를 크리스천이라고 하지는 않는다.<ref name="University2008">{{서적 인용|last=Spector|first=Stephen |title=Evangelicals and Israel|date=5 November 2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-970979-3|page=116}}</ref> 유대인 단체들과 [[이스라엘 최고 법원]]은 이러한 주장이 [[귀환법]]과 관련된 문제를 야기할 것으로 보고 메시아 유대교가 유대교의 일부라는 이들의 주장을 거부했으며, 대신 메시아 유대교를 기독교의 한 종류로 정의내렸다. 그러나 메시아닉 유대인들, 메시아닉 Jew는 스스로를 유대인으로 여기며 모든 절기를 지킨다.<ref name = "Denominations" /><ref name = "Berman" /> 2003년에서 2007년까지 메시아 유대교는 예배당이 [[미국]]에서 150개에서 438개로, [[이스라엘]]에서 100개 이상으로, 전세계에선 그보다 더 많이 늘어났으며 많은 신자들이 규모가 큰 메시아 유대교 단체나 연합체들에 소속되게 되었다.<ref name="Schoeman" /><ref name = "Yeoman" /> 또한 2008년에 메시아 유대교는 최소 6,000여명에서 많게는 15,000여명 정도의 신자들을 이스라엘에서,<ref name = "Time-IMJUA" /> 250,000여명의 신자들을 미국에서 거느리고 있는 것으로 알려졌다.<ref name = "Wagner" />

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[에비온파]]
* [[유대-기독교]]
== 각주 ==
{{각주|30em|refs=
<!-- A -->
<ref name =Ariel2000p223>{{서적 인용
|last= Ariel
|first= Yaakov S.
|title= Evangelizing the chosen people: missions to the Jews in America, 1880–2000
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=r3hCgIZB790C&printsec=frontcover&vq=advocated+offspring+rhetoric+Shalom#v=onepage&q=advocated%20offspring%20rhetoric%20Shalom&f=false
|format= [[Google Books]]
|accessdate= August 10, 2010
|year= 2000
|publisher= [[University of North Carolina Press]]
|location= [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]]
|isbn= 978-0-8078-4880-7
|oclc= 43708450
|page= 223
|chapter= Chapter 20: The Rise of Messianic Judaism
|chapterurl=
}}
</ref>
<ref name=Ariel2006p191a>{{서적 인용
|last = Ariel
|first = Yaakov<!--NOT the Yaakov Ariel with a Wikipedia entry-->
|editor1-last=Gallagher
|editor1-first=Eugene V.
|editor2-last=Ashcraft
|editor2-first=W. Michael
|title= Jewish and Christian Traditions
|accessdate=
|series= Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America
|volume= 2
|year= 2006
|publisher= [[Greenwood Publishing Group]]
|location= [[Westport, Connecticut|Westport, Conn]]
|isbn= 978-0-275-98714-5
|oclc= 315689134
|page= 191
|chapter= Judaism and Christianity Unite! The Unique Culture of Messianic Judaism
|chapterurl= http://books.google.com/books?id=ClaySHbUEogC&pg=RA1-PA191&dq=While+Christianity+started+in+the+first+century+of+the+Common+Era&hl=en&ei=o-9aTNSsKoL58AbC1tWMAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=While%20Christianity%20started%20in%20the%20first%20century%20of%20the%20Common%20Era&f=false
|lccn = 2006022954}}
</ref>


<ref name=Ariel2006p194b>{{서적 인용
|last = Ariel
|first = Yaakov<!--NOT the Yaakov Ariel with a Wikipedia entry-->
|editor1-last=Gallagher
|editor1-first=Eugene V.
|editor2-last=Ashcraft
|editor2-first=W. Michael
|title= Jewish and Christian Traditions
|accessdate=
|series= Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America
|volume= 2
|year= 2006
|publisher= [[Greenwood Publishing Group]]
|location= [[Westport, Connecticut|Westport, Conn]]
|isbn= 978-0-275-98714-5
|oclc= 315689134
|pages= 194–195
|chapter= Judaism and Christianity Unite! The Unique Culture of Messianic Judaism
|chapterurl= http://books.google.com/books?id=oZiScvbS6-cC&pg=RA1-PA194&dq=When+the+term+resurfaced+in+Israel&hl=en&ei=ee9aTLToE8L-8AbUz_WyAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=When%20the%20term%20resurfaced%20in%20Israel&f=false
|lccn = 2006022954}}
</ref>
<!-- B -->
<ref name="Berman">{{웹 인용
 |url          = http://www.wwrn.org/article.php?idd=21820&sec=59&con=35
 |title        = Aliyah with a cat, a dog and Jesus
 |accessdate   = August 9, 2010
 |last         = Berman
 |first        = Daphna
 |date         = June 10, 2006
 |publisher    = [[Haaretz]]
 |quote        = In rejecting their petition, Supreme Court Justice [[Menachem Elon]] cited their belief in Jesus. ‘In the last two thousand years of history…the Jewish people have decided that messianic Jews do not belong to the Jewish nation…and have no right to force themselves on it,’ he wrote, concluding that ‘those who believe in Jesus, are, in fact Christians.’
 |보존url    = https://web.archive.org/web/20080117214825/http://www.wwrn.org/article.php?idd=21820&sec=59&con=35
 |보존날짜 = 2008년 1월 17일
 |url-status = dead
}}
</ref>
<ref name="BritChadasha">{{웹 인용
 |url          = http://www.brithadasha.org/brit/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=62
 |title        = Our Beliefs
 |year         = 2005
 |publisher    = B'rit Hadasha Messianic Jewish Synagogue
 |location     = [[Memphis, Tennessee]]
 |accessdate   = October 20, 2010
 |quote        = WE BELIEVE:…<br /> *There is one God as declared in the Shema [Deuteronomy 6:4], who is “Echad,” a compound unity, eternally existent in three persons: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit [Isaiah 48:16-17; Ephesians 4:4-6]. *In the Deity of our Lord, Messiah Yeshua, in His virgin birth, in His sinless life, in His miracles, in His vicarious atoning death, in His bodily resurrection, in His ascension to the right hand of the Father, in His personal future return to this earth in power and glory to rule.
 |보존url    = https://web.archive.org/web/20120808021303/http://www.brithadasha.org/brit/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=62#
 |보존날짜 = 2012-08-08
 |url-status = dead
}}</ref>
<!-- C -->
<ref name="Christians">
*{{서적 인용
 | last = Harries
 | first = Richard
 | authorlink = Richard Harries, Baron Harries of Pentregarth
 | title = After the evil: Christianity and Judaism in the shadow of the Holocaust
 |date=August 2003
 | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
 | location = New York, New York
 | isbn = 978-0-19-926313-4
 | pages = g. 119
 | chapter = Should Christians Try to Convert Jews?
 | quote = Thirdly, there is Jews for Jesus or, more generally, Messianic Judaism. This is a movement of people often of Jewish background who have come to believe Jesus is the expected Jewish messiah.…They often have congregations independent of other churches and specifically target Jews for conversion to their form of Christianity.
 | lccn = 2003273342
}}
*{{서적 인용
 | last = Harris-Shapiro
 | first = Carol
 | authorlink = Carol Harris-Shapiro
 | title = Messianic Judaism: A Rabbi’s Journey Through Religious Change in America
 | url =
 | format = [[Google Book Search|GoogleBooks]]
 | accessdate =
 | year = 1999
 | publisher = [[Beacon Press]]
 | location =  [[Boston, Massachusetts]]
 | isbn = 978-0-8070-1040-2
 | oclc = 45729039
 | pages = g. 3
 | chapter = Studying the Messianic Jews
 | chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?id=72QTLABTllwC&dq=Christian+relationship+to+Messianic+Judaism&pg=PA118&ots=_dgSGLSsiN&sig=TvJd9lZ2017PPZG5TkYy1xrJAfg&prev=https://www.google.com/search%3Fq%3DChristian%2Brelationship%2Bto%2BMessianic%2BJudaism%26btnG%3DSearch%26hl%3Den&sa=X&oi=print&ct=result&cd=1&cad=legacy#PPA3,M1
 | quote = And while many evangelical Churches are openly supportive of Messianic Judaism, they treat it as an ethnic church squarely within evangelical Christianity, rather than as a separate entity.
 | lccn = 98054864
 }}
* [[Ed Stetzer|Stetzer, Ed]] (October 13, 2005). [http://www.christianindex.org/1657.article "A Missional Church"] {{웨이백|url=http://www.christianindex.org/1657.article |date=20110723215712 }}, ''The Christian Index''. "Missional churches are indigenous. Churches that are indigenous have taken root in the soil and reflect, to some degree, the culture of their community...  The messianic congregation (is)... in this case indigenous to Jewish culture."
</ref>

<!-- D -->
<ref name="Denominations">
;[[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]]
:{{웹 인용
 |url        = http://www.aish.com/jw/s/48892792.html
 |title      = Why Jews Don't Believe in Jesus
 |accessdate = July 28, 2010
 |last       = Simmons
 |first      = Shraga
 |publisher  = [[Aish HaTorah]]
 |quote      = Jews do not accept Jesus as the messiah because:
#Jesus did not fulfill the messianic prophecies.
#Jesus did not embody the personal qualifications of the Messiah.
#Biblical verses "referring" to Jesus are mistranslations.
#Jewish belief is based on national revelation.
}}
;[[Conservative Judaism|Conservative]]:{{웹 인용
 |url         = http://www.uscj.org/Messianic_Jews_Not_J5480.html
 |title       = Messianic Jews Are Not Jews
 |accessdate  = 2007-02-14
 |last        = Waxman
 |first       = Jonathan
 |year        = 2006
 |publisher   = [[United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism]]
 |quote       = Hebrew Christian, Jewish Christian, Jew for Jesus, Messianic Jew, Fulfilled Jew. The name may have changed over the course of time, but all of the names reflect the same phenomenon: one who asserts that s/he is straddling the theological fence between Christianity and Judaism, but in truth is firmly on the Christian side.…we must affirm as did the Israeli Supreme Court in the well-known Brother Daniel case that to adopt Christianity is to have crossed the line out of the Jewish community.
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20060628033541/http://www.uscj.org/Messianic_Jews_Not_J5480.html
 |archivedate = June 28, 2006
}}
;[[Reform Judaism|Reform]]:{{웹 인용
 |url          = http://www.huc.edu/news/mi.html
 |title        = Missionary Impossible
 |accessdate   = 2007-02-14
 |date         = August 9, 1999
 |publisher    = [[Hebrew Union College]]
 |quote        = Missionary Impossible, an imaginative video and curriculum guide for teachers, educators, and rabbis to teach Jewish youth how to recognize and respond to "Jews-for-Jesus," "Messianic Jews," and other Christian proselytizers, has been produced by six rabbinic students at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion's Cincinnati School. The students created the video as a tool for teaching why Jewish college and high school youth and Jews in intermarried couples are primary targets of Christian missionaries.
 |보존url    = https://web.archive.org/web/20060928080259/http://www.huc.edu/news/mi.html
 |보존날짜 = 2006-09-28
 |url-status = dead
}}
;[[Reconstructionist Judaism|Reconstructionist]]/[[Jewish Renewal|Renewal]]:{{웹 인용
 |url          = https://www.aleph.org/faq.htm
 |title        = FAQ's About Jewish Renewal
 |accessdate   = 2007-12-20
 |year         = 2007
 |publisher    = [https://www.aleph.org/start.taf Aleph.org]
 |quote        = '''''What is ALEPH's position on so called messianic Judaism?''''' ALEPH has a policy of respect for other spiritual traditions, but objects to deceptive practices and will not collaborate with denominations which actively target Jews for recruitment. Our position on so-called "Messianic Judaism" is that it is Christianity and its proponents would be more honest to call it that.
 |보존url    = https://web.archive.org/web/20141023183108/https://www.aleph.org/faq.htm
 |보존날짜 = 2014-10-23
 |url-status = dead
}}
</ref>
<!-- F -->

<!-- H -->
<!-- I -->
<!-- J -->
<!-- K -->
<ref name = Kessler2005p292>{{백과사전 인용
 | last          = Kessler
 | first         = Edward
 | authorlink    = Edward Kessler
 | editor1-last  = Kessler
 | editor1-first = Edward
 | editor1-link  = Edward Kessler
 | editor2-last  = Wenborn
 | editor2-first = Neil
 | encyclopedia  = A Dictionary Of Jewish-Christian Relations
 | title         = Messianic Jews
 | year          = 2005
 | publisher     = [[Cambridge University Press]]
 | location      = [[Cambridge]], [[England]]
 | isbn          = 978-0-521-82692-1
 | lccn          = 2005012923
 | page          = 292
 | quote         = [Messianic Judaism's] syncretism confuses Christians and Jews…
}}
</ref>

<ref name = Kessler2005p292293>{{백과사전 인용
 | last          = Kessler
 | first         = Edward
 | authorlink    = Edward Kessler
 | editor1-last  = Kessler
 | editor1-first = Edward
 | editor1-link  = Edward Kessler
 | editor2-last  = Wenborn
 | editor2-first = Neil
 | encyclopedia  = A Dictionary Of Jewish-Christian Relations
 | title         = Messianic Jews
 | year          = 2005
 | publisher     = [[Cambridge University Press]]
 | location      = [[Cambridge]], [[England]]
 | isbn          = 978-0-521-82692-1
 | lccn          = 2005012923
 | oclc = 60340826
 | format = [[Google Book Search|GoogleBooks]]
 | accessdate = November 2, 2011
 | pages = 292–293
 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=QkI_JNv3rIwC&dq=Christian+view+of+Messianic+Judaism&pg=PA292&ots=9ZztiEufQr&sig=EU4ZB9r4mLBUJ80WydjeNuq05X0&prev=https://www.google.com/search%3Fhl%3Den%26q%3DChristian%2Bview%2Bof%2BMessianic%2BJudaism%26btnG%3DSearch&sa=X&oi=print&ct=result&cd=3&cad=legacy#PPA292,M1
 | quote = Messianic Judaism is proactive in seeking Jewish converts and is condemned by the vast majority of the Jewish community. Although a Jewish convert to Christianity may still be categorised a Jew according to a strict interpretation of the '''''halakhah''''' (Jewish law), most Jews are adamantly opposed to the idea that one can convert to Christianity and still remain a Jew or be considered part of Jewish life. From a mainstream Christian perspective Messianic Judaisms can also provoke hostility for misrepresenting Christianity.
}}
</ref>

<!-- L -->

<!-- M -->
<ref name =Meltonp373a>[[J. Gordon Melton|Melton, J. Gordon]]. ''Encyclopedia of Protestantism''. Infobase Publishing, 2005,
{{ISBN|978-0-8160-5456-5}}, p. 373. "Messianic Judaism is a Protestant movement that emerged in the last half of the 20th century among believers who were ethnically Jewish but had adopted an Evangelical Christian faith... By the 1960s, a new effort to create a culturally Jewish Protestant Christianity emerged among individuals who began to call themselves Messianic Jews."</ref>
<ref name = "MJSelfID"><br />
*{{웹 인용
| url = http://jerusalemcouncil.org/halacha/giyur/jewish-conversion/
| title = Jewish Conversion – Giyur
| accessdate = 2009-02-05
| year = 2009
| work = JerusalemCouncil.org
| publisher = JerusalemCouncil.org
| quote = We recognize the desire of people from the nations to convert to Judaism, through HaDerech (The Way)(Messianic Judaism), a sect of Judaism.
}}
*{{웹 인용
|url= http://www.religioustolerance.org/mess_jud1.htm
|title= Messianic Judaism
|accessdate= 2008-04-29
|last= Robinson
|first= B.
|year= 2006
|publisher= [[Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance]]
}}{{깨진 링크|url=http://www.religioustolerance.org/mess_jud1.htm }}
*{{웹 인용
|url= http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/967870.html
|title= Recent incidents suggest rise in violence between Haredi, messianic Jews
|accessdate= 2008-04-29
|year= 2006
|publisher= Haaretz.com
}}
*{{뉴스 인용
|url= http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE0DC163CF932A25751C0A965958260
|title= Jews Who Call Jesus Messiah: Get Out, Says Israel
|accessdate= 2008-04-29
|last= Haberman
|first= Clyde
|publisher= New York Times
|date= 1993-02-11
}}</ref>
<!-- N-->
<!-- O -->
<!-- P -->

<!-- S -->
<ref name="Schoeman">{{서적 인용
 | last = Schoeman
 | first = Roy H.
 | title = Salvation is from the Jews: the role of Judaism in salvation history from Abraham to the Second Coming
 | year = 2003
 | publisher = [[Ignatius Press]]
 | location = [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], California
 | page = 351
 | isbn = 978-0-89870-975-9
 | quote = By the mid 1970s, ''Time'' magazine placed the number of Messianic Jews in the U.S. at over 50,000; by 1993 this number had grown to 160,000 in the U.S. and about 350,000 worldwide (1989 estimate).…There are currently over 400 Messianic synagogues worldwide, with at least 150 in the U.S.
 | lccn = 2003105176
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Sherbok_170">{{서적 인용
|last= Cohn-Sherbok
|first= Dan
|authorlink= Dan Cohn-Sherbok
|title= Messianic Judaism
|accessdate= August 10, 2010
|url= http://books.google.com/?id=5aOOlWdLpNwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
|year= 2000
|publisher= [[Continuum International Publishing Group]]
|location= [[London]]
|isbn= 978-0-8264-5458-4
|oclc= 42719687
|page= 170
|chapter= Messianic Jewish theology
|chapterurl= http://books.google.com/books?id=5aOOlWdLpNwC&pg=PA170&lpg=PA170&dq=messianic+judaism+trinity+belief&source=bl&ots=WVrxZ1F7nS&sig=lyRnZ7SYuXEahyDZtj89zBKcZqg&hl=en&ei=2P--TK_oF4H-8Aa2vO27Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCQQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=messianic%20judaism%20trinity%20belief&f=false
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Sherbok_179">{{서적 인용
|last= Cohn-Sherbok
|first= Dan
|authorlink= Dan Cohn-Sherbok
|title= Messianic Judaism
|accessdate= August 10, 2010
|url= http://books.google.com/?id=5aOOlWdLpNwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
|year= 2000
|publisher= [[Continuum International Publishing Group]]
|location= [[London]]
|isbn= 978-0-8264-5458-4
|oclc= 42719687
|page= 179
|chapter= Messianic Jewish mission
|chapterurl= http://books.google.com/books?id=5aOOlWdLpNwC&pg=PA169&dq=%22Messianic+Judaism%22+Christian+Jewish&hl=en&ei=IkthTJaKMMT48Aax_dDaCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Evangelism%20Jewish%20people%20heart%20movement&f=false
}}
</ref>
<!-- T -->
<ref name = "Time-IMJUA">{{저널 인용
 |last         = McGirk
 |first        = Tim
 |date         = June 6, 2008
 |title        = Israel's Messianic Jews Under Attack
 |journal      = [[타임 (잡지)|Time]]
 |pages        = 
 |url          = http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1812430,00.html
 |accessdate   = August 4, 2010
 |archive-date = 2008-10-11
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20081011054932/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1812430,00.html
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref>
<ref name = "Trinitarianism">{{웹 인용
 | url = http://jerusalemcouncil.org/articles/apologetics/trinitarianism/
 | author = Israel b. Betzalel
 | title = Trinitarianism
 | accessdate = 2009-07-03
 | year = 2009
 | publisher = JerusalemCouncil.org
 | quote = This then is who Yeshua is: He is not just a man, and as a man, he is not from Adam, but from God. He is the Word of HaShem, the Memra, the Davar, the Righteous One, he didn’t become righteous, he is righteous. He is called God’s Son, he is the agent of HaShem called HaShem, and he is “HaShem” who we interact with and not die.
 | 보존url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090427102320/http://jerusalemcouncil.org/articles/apologetics/trinitarianism/
 | 보존날짜 = 2009-04-27
 | url-status = dead
 }}</ref>
<!-- U -->
<ref name="UMJC-3">{{웹 인용
 |url          = http://www.umjc.net/home-mainmenu-1/faqs-mainmenu-58/14-umjc-faq/19-what-are-the-standards-of-the-umjc
 |title        = What are the Standards of the UMJC?
 |accessdate   = September 13, 2010
 |date         = June 2004
 |work         = FAQ
 |publisher    = [[Union of Messianic Jewish Congregations]]
 |quote        = 1. We believe that there is one G-d, eternally existent in three persons, Father, Son and Holy Spirit.<br />2. We believe in the deity of the L-RD Yeshua, the Messiah, in His virgin birth, in His sinless life, in His miracles, in His vicarious and atoning death through His shed blood, in His bodily resurrection, in His ascension to the right hand of the Father, and in His personal return in power and glory.
 |보존url    = https://web.archive.org/web/20110724115111/http://www.umjc.net/home-mainmenu-1/faqs-mainmenu-58/14-umjc-faq/19-what-are-the-standards-of-the-umjc
 |보존날짜 = 2011년 7월 24일
 |url-status = dead
}}
</ref>
<!-- W -->
<ref name = "Wagner">{{웹 인용
| url         = http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1214132688698
| title       = Messianic Jews to protest 'discrimination'
| first       = Matthew
| last        = Wagner
| date        = June 26, 2006
| publisher   = [[The Jerusalem Post]]
| archiveurl  = http://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=105551
| archivedate = 2008
| accessdate  = August 9, 2010
| quote       = There are an estimated 12,000 Messianic Jews living in Israel, most of whom made aliya under the Law of Return. There are about a quarter of a million Messianic Jews living in the US.
}}
</ref>
<!-- X -->
<!-- Y -->
<ref name="Yeoman">{{웹 인용
 |url          = http://jta.org/news/article/2007/11/15/104639/evangelicalpartI
 |title        = Evangelical movement on the rise
 |first        = Barry
 |last         = Yeoman
 |date         = November 15, 2007
 |publisher    = [[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]
 |archiveurl   = https://web.archive.org/web/20120527180214/http://www.jta.org/news/article/2007/11/15/104639/evangelicalpartI
 |archivedate  = 2012년 5월 27일
 |accessdate   = March 30, 2011
 |url-status = dead
}}
</ref>
<!-- Closing tag for Ref list-->
}}

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