{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
[[파일:ARMN 761511 20050529 IL Rochelle.jpg|섬네일|현대의 냉장차]]
'''냉장차'''(Refrigerator car) 또는 '''냉동차''', 또는 간단히 '''리퍼'''(reefer)는 특정 온도에서 부패하기 쉬운 화물을 운반하도록 설계된 철도 차량인 [[냉장]] [[박스카]]이다. 냉장차는 단순 단열 유개화차 및 통풍 유개화차(과일 운반에 일반적으로 사용됨)와 다르며 둘 다 냉각 장치가 장착되어 있지 않다. 냉장차는 얼음으로 냉각되거나, 다양한 기계식 냉동 시스템 중 하나를 갖추고 있거나, [[이산화 탄소]]([[드라이아이스]] 또는 액체 형태)를 냉각제로 활용할 수 있다. [[밀크카]](및 기타 유형의 "익스프레스" 냉장차)에는 냉각 시스템이 포함될 수도 있고 포함되지 않을 수도 있지만 고속 트럭과 여객 열차로 이동할 수 있는 기타 개조 장치가 장착되어 있다.

== AAR 분류 ==
{| class="toccolours"
|-
|+ 냉장차의 [[:en:Association of American Railroads|AAR]] 분류<ref>''The Great Yellow Fleet'', p 126.</ref>
|-
! bgcolor=#cc9966 | 등급
! bgcolor=#cc9966 | 설명
! bgcolor=#cc9966 | 등급
! bgcolor=#cc9966 | 설명
|-
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RA'''
|align=left | Brine-tank ice bunkers
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RPB'''
|align=left | Mechanical refrigerator with electro-mechanical axle drive &nbsp;
|-
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RAM'''
|align=left | Brine-tank ice bunkers with beef rails
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RPL'''
|align=left | Mechanical refrigerator with loading devices
|-
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RAMH &nbsp;'''
|align=left | Brine-tank with beef rails and heaters
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RPM'''
|align=left | Mechanical refrigerator with beef rails
|-
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RB'''
|align=left | No ice bunkers&nbsp;— heavy insulation
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RS'''
|align=left | Bunker refrigerator&nbsp;— common ice bunker car
|-
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RBL'''
|align=left | No ice bunkers and loading devices
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RSB'''
|align=left | Bunker refrigerator&nbsp;— air fans and loading devices
|-
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RBH'''
|align=left | No ice bunkers&nbsp;— gas heaters
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RSM'''
|align=left | Bunker refrigerator with beef rails
|-
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RBLH'''
|align=left | No ice bunkers&nbsp;— loading devices and heaters
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RSMH &nbsp;'''
|align=left | Bunker refrigerator with beef rails and heaters
|-
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RCD'''
|align=left | Solid carbon-dioxide refrigerator
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RSTC'''
|align=left | Bunker refrigerator&nbsp;— electric air fans
|-
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RLO'''
|align=left | Special car type&nbsp;— permanently enclosed (covered hopper type) &nbsp; &nbsp;
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RSTM'''
|align=left | Bunker refrigerator&nbsp;— electric air fans and beef rails
|-
|align=left | &nbsp; '''RP'''
|align=left | Mechanical refrigerator
|}

* Note: '''Class B''' refrigerator cars are those designed for passenger service; insulated boxcars are designated '''Class L'''.

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[저온 유통]]
* [[냉장]]

== 출처 ==
{{참고 자료 시작}}
* Boyle, Elizabeth and Rodolfo Estrada. (1994) [https://web.archive.org/web/20041222193800/http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/meatscience/column/industry.htm "Development of the U.S. Meat Industry"]&nbsp;— [[Kansas State University]] Department of Animal Sciences and Industry.
* Hendrickson, Richard and Richard E. Scholz. (1986). "Reefer car 13000: a postmortem." ''The Santa Fé Route'' '''IV''' (2) 8.
* {{서적 인용|author=Hendrickson, Richard H.|year=1998|title=Santa Fe Railway Painting and Lettering Guide for Model Railroaders, Volume 1: Rolling Stock|publisher=The Santa Fe Railway Historical and Modeling Society, Inc. |location=[[Highlands Ranch, CO]]}}
* Pearce, Bill. (2005). "Express Reefer from troop sleeper in N." ''Model Railroader'' '''72''' (12) 62–65.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051117084206/http://users2.ev1.net/~jssand/SFHMS/Sand/SFRD/5.htm Reefer Operations on Model Railroads with an emphasis on the ATSF] April 15, 2005 article at [http://www.atsfrr.net/ The Santa Fe Railway Historical & Modeling Society] official website&nbsp;— accessed on November 7, 2005.
* Thompson, Anthony W. et al. (1992). ''Pacific Fruit Express''. Signature Press, [[Wilton, CA]]. {{ISBN|1-930013-03-5}}.
* White, John H. (1986). ''The Great Yellow Fleet''. [[Golden West Books]], [[San Marino, CA]]. {{ISBN|0-87095-091-6}}.
* {{White - American railroad freight car}}
{{참고 자료 끝}}

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111007195551/http://worldtraderef.com/WTR_site/Rail_Cars/Guide_to_Rail_Cars.asp Guide to Rail Cars]
{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:미국의 발명품]]
[[분류:냉각 기술]]
[[분류:식품 보존]]
[[분류:화차]]