{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
'''흑체 방사''', '''흑체 복사'''(black Body Radiation)는 [[흑체]](이상화된 불투명, 무반사체)에서 방출되는 환경과 [[열역학적 평형]] 상태에 있는 물체 내부 또는 주변의 [[열복사|열]][[전자기파|전자기 복사]]이다. 이것은 계산과 이론을 위해 균일하고 일정하다고 가정되는 신체 온도에만 의존하는 강도와 반비례하는 특정하고 연속적인 파장 스펙트럼을 가지고 있다.<ref>{{harvnb|Loudon|2000}}, Chapter 1.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mandel|Wolf|1995}}, Chapter 13.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kondepudi|Prigogine|1998}}, Chapter 11.</ref><ref name=Landsberg>{{harvnb|Landsberg|1990}}, Chapter 13.</ref>

내부적으로 열 평형 상태에 있는 완벽하게 절연된 인클로저는 흑체 복사를 포함하고 있으며 평형에 무시할 수 있는 영향을 미칠 만큼 작은 구멍이 있는 경우 벽에 만들어진 구멍을 통해 흑체 복사를 방출한다. 많은 일반 물체에서 자연적으로 방출되는 열 복사는 흑체 복사로 근사화될 수 있다.

특히 중요한 점은 행성과 별([[지구]]와 [[태양]] 포함)이 주변 환경과 열평형을 이루지도 않고 완벽한 흑체도 아니지만 흑체 복사는 여전히 이것들이 방출하는 에너지에 대한 좋은 첫 번째 근사치라는 점이다.<ref name=Morison>{{서적 인용|title=Introduction to Astronomy and Cosmology |author=Ian Morison |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yrV8vvJzgWkC&pg=PA48 |page=48 |isbn=978-0-470-03333-3 |year=2008 |publisher=J Wiley & Sons}}</ref>

흑체라는 용어는 1860년 [[구스타프 키르히호프]](Gustav Kirchhoff)에 의해 선보였다.<ref>From (Kirchhoff, 1860) (''Annalen der Physik und Chemie''), p. 277:  ''"Der Beweis, welcher für die ausgesprochene Behauptung hier gegeben werden soll, … ''vollkommen schwarze'', oder kürzer ''schwarze'', nennen."''  (The proof, which shall be given here for the proposition stated [above], rests on the assumption that bodies are conceivable which in the case of infinitely small thicknesses, completely absorb all rays that fall on them, thus [they] neither reflect nor transmit rays.  I will call such bodies "completely black [bodies]" or more briefly "black [bodies]".)  See also (Kirchhoff, 1860) (''Philosophical Magazine''), p. 2.</ref> 흑체 복사는 [[열복사]], 공동 복사, 완전 복사 또는 온도 복사라고도 한다.

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[볼로미터]]
* [[색온도]]
* [[플랑크 법칙]]
* [[고온계]]
* [[테라헤르츠파]]

== 각주 ==
<references />

=== 참고 문헌 ===
{{참고 자료 시작}}
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*{{서적 인용
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*{{저널 인용
 |last1=Kirchhoff |first1=G.
 |author1-link=Gustav Kirchhoff
 |last2=[27 October 1859]
 |year=1860a
 |title=Über die Fraunhofer'schen Linien
 |trans-title=On Fraunhofer's lines
 |journal=[[Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin]]
 |pages=662–665
 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049219333;view=1up;seq=684
 |ref={{harvid|Kirchhoff|1860a}}
}}
*{{저널 인용
 |last1=Kirchhoff |first1=G.
 |author1-link=Gustav Kirchhoff
 |last2=[11 December 1859]
 |date= 1860b
 |title=Über den Zusammenhang zwischen Emission und Absorption von Licht und Wärme
 |trans-title=On the relation between emission and absorption of light and heat
 |journal=[[Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin]]
 |pages=783–787
 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049219333;view=1up;seq=811
 |ref={{harvid|Kirchhoff|1860b}}
}}
*{{저널 인용
 |last1=Kirchhoff |first1=G.
 |author1-link=Gustav Kirchhoff
 |year=1860c
 |title=Ueber das Verhältniss zwischen dem Emissionsvermögen und dem Absorptionsvermögen der Körper für Wärme and Licht
 |trans-title=On the relation between bodies' emission capacity and absorption capacity for heat and light
 |journal=[[Annalen der Physik und Chemie]]
 |volume=109
 |issue=2
 |pages=275–301
 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d00326548g;view=1up;seq=291
 |doi=10.1002/andp.18601850205
|bibcode = 1860AnP...185..275K |doi-access=free
 }} Translated by Guthrie, F. as {{저널 인용
 |last1=Kirchhoff |first1=G.
 |year=1860
 |title=On the relation between the radiating and absorbing powers of different bodies for light and heat
 |journal=[[Philosophical Magazine]]
 |volume=Series 4, volume 20 |pages=1–21
 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000068485634;view=1up;seq=19
}}
*{{인용
  | last = Kirchhoff
  | first = G.
  | author-link = Gustav Kirchhoff
  | title = Gessamelte Abhandlungen
  | place = Leipzig
  | publisher = Johann Ambrosius Barth
  | orig-year = 1862
  | year = 1882
  | chapter = Ueber das Verhältniss zwischen dem Emissionsvermögen und dem Absorptionsvermögen der Körper für Wärme und Licht
  | pages = 571–598
  | ref = {{harvid|Kirchhoff|1862/1882}}
}}
*{{서적 인용
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*{{서적 인용
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 |year=1990
 |title=Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics
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}}
*{{서적 인용
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 |year=1991
 |title=Statistical Physics: A Probabilistic Approach
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*{{서적 인용
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 |author1-link=Rodney Loudon
 |year=2000
 |orig-year=1973
 |title=The Quantum Theory of Light
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}}
*{{서적 인용
 |last1=Mandel |first1=L.
 |author1-link=Leonard Mandel
 |last2=Wolf |first2=E.
 |author2-link=Emil Wolf
 |year=1995
 |title=Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics
 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
 |isbn=0-521-41711-2
}}
*{{서적 인용
 |last1=Mehra |first1=J.
 |author1-link=Jagdish Mehra
 |last2=Rechenberg |first2=H.
 |author2-link=Helmut Rechenberg
 |year=1982
 |title=The Historical Development of Quantum Theory
 |volume=1, part 1
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}}
*{{서적 인용
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 |author1-link=Dimitri Mihalas
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 |year=1984
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*{{저널 인용
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 |author1-link=Edward Arthur Milne
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 |title=Thermodynamics of the Stars
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}}
*{{서적 인용
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 |year=2013
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 |title= Basics of Statistical Physics
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*{{서적 인용
 |last1=Partington |first1=J.R.
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 |year=1949
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}}
*{{서적 인용
 |last1=Planck |first1=M.
 |author1-link=Max Planck
 |others=translated by Masius, M.
 |orig-year= 1912
 |year=1914
 |title=The Theory of Heat Radiation
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*{{서적 인용
 |last1=Rybicki |first1=G. B.
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 |author2-link=Alan Lightman
 |year=1979
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*{{서적 인용
 |last1=Schirrmacher |first1=A.
 |author1-link=Arne Schirrmacher
 |year=2001
 |title=Experimenting theory: the proofs of Kirchhoff's radiation law before and after Planck
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}}
*{{저널 인용
 |last1=Siegel |first1=D.M.
 |year=1976
 |title=Balfour Stewart and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff: two independent approaches to "Kirchhoff's radiation law"
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 |volume=67 |issue=4
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|s2cid=37368520
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*{{저널 인용
 |last1=Stewart |first1=B.
 |author1-link=Balfour Stewart
 |year=1858
 |title=An account of some experiments on radiant heat
 |journal=[[Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]
 |volume=22 |pages=1–20
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|s2cid=122316368
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*{{저널 인용
 |last1=Wien |first1=W.
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 |year=1894
 |title=Temperatur und Entropie der Strahlung
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 |journal=[[Annalen der Physik]]
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|bibcode = 1894AnP...288..132W }}
{{참고 자료 끝}}

== 더 읽기 ==
* {{서적 인용|author1=Kroemer, Herbert |author2=Kittel, Charles |title=Thermal Physics |edition=2nd|publisher=W. H. Freeman Company|year=1980
|isbn=0-7167-1088-9}}
* {{서적 인용|author1=Tipler, Paul |author2=Llewellyn, Ralph |title=Modern Physics |edition=4th|publisher=W. H. Freeman|year=2002|isbn=0-7167-4345-0}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* [http://iwant2study.org/ospsg/index.php//605 Blackbody radiation JavaScript Interactives] Blackbody radiation by Fu-Kwun Hwang and Loo Kang Wee
* [http://www.spectralcalc.com/blackbody/blackbody.html Calculating Blackbody Radiation] Interactive calculator with Doppler Effect. Includes most systems of units.
* [http://academo.org/demos/colour-temperature-relationship/ Color-to-Temperature demonstration] at Academo.org
* [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/thermo/coobod.html#c1 Cooling Mechanisms for Human Body] – From Hyperphysics
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120103021555/http://www.x20.org/library/thermal/blackbody.htm Descriptions of radiation emitted by many different objects]
* [http://webphysics.davidson.edu/Applets/java11_Archive.html Blackbody Emission Applet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609050537/http://webphysics.davidson.edu/Applets/java11_Archive.html |date=2010-06-09 }}
* [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/BlackbodySpectrum/ "Blackbody Spectrum"] by Jeff Bryant, [[Wolfram Demonstrations Project]], 2007.

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:적외선]]
[[분류:전열]]
[[분류:전자기파]]