{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{인물 정보
|이름 = 압둘라 외잘란
|원어명 = 
|그림 = 
|그림설명 = 
|본명 = 
|로마자 표기 = Abdullah Öcalan
|출생일 = 약 1947년
|출생지 = 
|사망일 = 
|사망지 = 
|국적 = 
|학력 = 
|경력 = 쿠르디스탄 노동자당(PKK) 창립 인원
|직업 = 정치가, 혁명가
|병역 = 
|활동기간 = 
|소속 = 쿠르디스탄 노동자당(PKK)
|종교 = 
|배우자 = 
|상훈 = 
|웹사이트 = 
|서명 = 
}}

[[파일:Abdullah Öcalan.png|thumb]]
'''압둘라 외잘란'''<ref name="US State Dept">{{서적 인용|title=Political Violence against Americans 1999|publisher=[[:en:Bureau of Diplomatic Security]]|isbn=978-1-4289-6562-1|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B6aqciIXBdQC&pg=PA123&dq=Abdullah+%C3%96calan+Apo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FfrhUajbHcW34AOvv4CYCQ&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Abdullah%20%C3%96calan%20Apo&f=false 123]|date=December 2000}}</ref>({{llang|tr|Abdullah Öcalan}}, 약 1947년~ ) 또는 '''아포'''(Apo<ref name="US State Dept" /><ref>{{웹 인용|title=Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325238/Kurdistan-Workers-Party-PKK#ref1106877|publisher=[[브리태니커 백과사전]]|accessdate=25 July 2013}}</ref>←"압둘라"와 쿠르드어 "삼촌"의 준말<ref>{{서적 인용|last=Mango|first=Andrew|title=Turkey and the War on Terror: 'For Forty Years We Fought Alone'|year=2005|publisher=London|location=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-68718-5|page=32|quote=The most ruthless among them was Abdullah Öcalan, known as Apo (a diminutive for Abdullah; the word also means 'uncle' in Kurdish).}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|last=Jongerden|first=Joost|title=The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatical Policies, Modernity and War|year=2007|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden, the Netherlands|isbn=9789004155572|page=57|quote=In 1975 the group settled on a name, the Kurdistan Revolutionaries (Kurdistan Devrimcileri), but others knew them as Apocu, followers of Apo, the nickname of Abdullah Öcalan (apo is also Kurdish for uncle).}}</ref>)은 [[쿠르디스탄 노동자당]](PKK)의 창립 인원 가운데 하나이자 쿠르디스탄의 지도자이다.<ref name="USTerrorList2">{{웹 인용| url=https://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2006/82738.htm| work=Country Reports on Terrorism|title=Chapter 6—Terrorist Groups| date=27 April 2005| publisher=[[미국 국무부]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050526080545/http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/45394.htm| archivedate=26 May 2005 | accessdate=23 July 2008}}</ref><ref name="DoS">{{웹 인용|last=Powell |first=Colin |title=2001 Report on Foreign Terrorist Organizations |url=https://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/rpt/fto/2001/5258.htm |work=Foreign Terrorist Organizations |publisher=Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. State Department |location=Washington, DC |date=5 October 2001 |access-date=24 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730230520/https://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/rpt/fto/2001/5258.htm |archive-date=30 July 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

외잘란은 1999년 [[나이로비]]의 [[중앙정보국]]의 지원과 함께 [[터키 국가정보부]](MIT)에 의해 체포되었고 터키로 이송된 이후 그는 무장 단체의 설립에 관련한 터키의 형법전 125항을 근거로 사형에 처해졌다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol53no1/fiasco-in-nairobi.html|title=Fiasco in Nairobi|publisher=|accessdate=24 May 2016|archive-date=2009-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506033648/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol53no1/fiasco-in-nairobi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/abdullah-ocalan-famed-kurdish-leader-double-agent-working-turkish-intelligence-against-his-own-party|title=Abdullah Ocalan: Is The Famed Kurdish Leader A Double Agent Working For Turkish Intelligence Against His Own Party, The PKK?|work=International Business Times|accessdate=24 May 2016|date=2013-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.gazetevatan.com/abdullah-ocalan-i-kim-yakaladi--188558-gundem/|title=Abdullah Öcalan'ı kim yakaladı?|date=10 July 2008|publisher=|accessdate=24 May 2016|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625140404/http://www.gazetevatan.com/abdullah-ocalan-i-kim-yakaladi--188558-gundem/|보존날짜=2016-06-25|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용 |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol53no1/pdfs/U-%20Varouhakis-The%20Case%20of%20Ocalan.pdf |제목=보관된 사본 |확인날짜=2018-12-28 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080848/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol53no1/pdfs/U-%20Varouhakis-The%20Case%20of%20Ocalan.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.belgenet.com/dava/gerekce19.html|title=Belgenet Öcalan Davası Gerekçeli Karar|publisher=}}</ref> 그러나 외잘란은 사형집행의 부당함을 알리며 [[유럽인권법원]]에 제소하였다. 유럽인권법원은 터키에 사형집행 보류를 요청했고, EU에 가입하여 애쓰던 터키정부는 이를 수용하여 압둘라 외잘란의 형량을 종신형으로 감형했다. 압둘라 외잘란은 터키의 임랄리 섬에서 독방에 갇혀 무기징역을 복역중이다.<ref>{{서적 인용|제목=중동은 왜 싸우는가|성=박정욱|날짜=2020년 5월 19일|출판사=지식프레임|쪽=434|장=19}}</ref>

감옥에서 외잘란은 여러 책을 출판했으며, 가장 최근 것은 여성과학으로 알려진 2015년에 출판된 [[Jineology]]이며, 외잘란의 지지를 받는 [[여성주의]] 형태를 지니며<ref name="reuters-argentieri">{{뉴스 인용 | url = http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2015/02/03/the-pro-woman-ideology-battling-islamic-state/ | date = 3 February 2015 | accessdate = 24 November 2016 | first = Benedetta | last = Argentieri | publisher = [[로이터]] | title = One group battling Islamic State has a secret weapon – female fighters | 보존url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190822043827/http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2015/02/03/the-pro-woman-ideology-battling-islamic-state/ | 보존날짜 = 2019-08-22 | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[쿠르디스탄 민족주의]]의 본질적인 교리를 담고 있다.<ref name="opendemocracy">{{웹 인용 | url = https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/anna-lau-erdelan-baran-melanie-sirinathsingh/kurdish-response-to-climate-change | date = 18 November 2016 | accessdate = 24 November 2016 | first1 = Anna | last1 = Lau | first2 = Erdelan | last2 = Baran | first3 = Melanie | last3 = Sirinathsingh | publisher = [[:en:openDemocracy]] | title = A Kurdish response to climate change | archive-date = 2017-11-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171112190014/https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/anna-lau-erdelan-baran-melanie-sirinathsingh/kurdish-response-to-climate-change | url-status =  }}</ref>

== 출판 ==
{{위키공용분류}}
오잘란은 40권 이상의 책의 저자이며 그 중 네 권은 감옥에서 썼다. 그의 법률가와의 격주 만남에서 취득한 노트들 중 다수가 편집된 다음 출판되었다.

* ''Interviews and Speeches.'' London: Kurdistan Solidarity Committee; Kurdistan Information Centre, 1991. 46 p.<!-- No ISBN -->
* {{웹 인용 |url=http://www.geocities.com/kurdifi/ocelan.html |제목=Translation of his 1999 defense in court |확인날짜=2018-12-28 |보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020183517/http://www.geocities.com/kurdifi/ocelan.html |보존날짜=2007-10-20 |url-status=dead }}
* ''Prison Writings: The Roots of Civilisation'' London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto, 2007. {{ISBN|9780745326160}}.
* ''Prison Writings Volume II: The PKK and the Kurdish Question in the 21st Century.'' London: Transmedia, 2011. {{ISBN|9780956751409}}.
* ''[http://www.freeocalan.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Ocalan-Democratic-Confederalism.pdf Democratic Confederalism].'' London: Transmedia, 2011. {{ISBN|978-3941012479}}.<ref name="Ocalan 2011. p. 21">Ocalan, Abdullah.[http://www.freeocalan.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Ocalan-Democratic-Confederalism.pdf "Democratic Confederalism'']. Transmedia Publishing Ltd., 2011. p. 21.</ref>
* ''Prison Writings III: The Road Map to Negotiations.'' Cologne: International Initiative, 2012. {{ISBN|9783941012431}}.
* ''Liberating life: Women’s Revolution.'' Cologne, Germany: International Initiative Edition, 2013. {{ISBN|978-3-941012-82-0}}.<ref group="notes">A PDF of the book is available [http://www.freeocalan.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/liberating-Lifefinal.pdf here at the International Initiative website]</ref>
* ''Manifesto for a Democratic Civilization, Volume 1.'' Porsgrunn, Norway: New Compass, 2015. {{ISBN|9788293064428}}.
* ''Defending a Civilisation.''{{언제|날짜=2018-12-28}}
* ''The Political Thought of Abdullah Öcalan'' London; UK: Pluto Press, 2017. {{ISBN|9780745399768}}.

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[쿠르디스탄 자유생명당]]

== 내용주 ==
{{각주|group=notes}}

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 추가 문헌 ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171010112034/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323293704578333533405433110 ''Kurd Locked in Solitary Cell Holds Key to Turkish Peace''] 15 March 2013 [[월스트리트 저널]]
* Özcan, Ali Kemal (2005). ''Turkey's Kurds: A Theoretical Analysis of the PKK and Abdullah Ocalan''. London & New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-415-36687-9}}.
* "Greece and the Middle East" Spiros Ch. Kaminaris, Middle East Review of International Affairs, Volume 3, Number 2 (June 1999).

== 외부 링크 ==
{{위키인용집|Abdullah Öcalan}}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/280453.stm Special report: The Ocalan file], ''[[BBC 뉴스]]'', 26 November 1999.

{{전거 통제}}

{{기본정렬:외잘란, 압둘라}}

[[분류:1946년 출생]]
[[분류:살아있는 사람]]
[[분류:튀르키예의 테러리스트]]
[[분류:자유지상주의적 사회주의자]]
[[분류:사회주의적 여성주의자]]
[[분류:샨르우르파주 출신]]
[[분류:쿠르드계 튀르키예인]]