{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
[[파일:Marcha Mas Grande De Chile 2019 Plaza Baquedano Drone.jpg|섬네일|300px]]
'''2019년 칠레 시위'''({{llang|es|Protestas en Chile de 2019}})는 2019년 10월 14일부터 현재까지 [[칠레 공화국]]에서 진행 중인 대규모 시민[[항의]]행동이다. [[산티아고 도시철도]]의 지하철 요금을 인상한 것이 계기가 되어 그동안 누적되어온 경제적 불평등에 대한 불만이 폭발했다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-50119649|website=BBC News|date=21 October 2019|title=Chile protests: Cost of living protests take deadly toll|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021010614/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-50119649|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="aljazeera">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/chile-protests-prompted-unrest-191022160029869.html|title=Chile protests: What prompted the unrest?|author=Charis McGowan|date=22 October 2019|website=Al Jazeera|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026072339/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/chile-protests-prompted-unrest-191022160029869.html|archive-date=26 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/22/americas/chile-protests-inequality-curfew-intl-hnk/index.html|title=Chile extends curfew again as violent unrest paralyzes one of Latin America's biggest cities|website=CNN|author=Helen Regan|author2=Christopher Ulloa|date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025024135/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/22/americas/chile-protests-inequality-curfew-intl-hnk/index.html|archive-date=25 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="rinter">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chile-protests-explainer/explainer-chiles-inequality-challenge-what-went-wrong-and-can-it-be-fixed-idUSKBN1X22RK|title=Explainer: Chile's inequality challenge: What went wrong and can it be fixed?|website=Reuters|author=Aislinn Laing|author2=Dave Sherwood|author3=Fabian Cambero|date=23 October 2019|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024201143/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chile-protests-explainer/explainer-chiles-inequality-challenge-what-went-wrong-and-can-it-be-fixed-idUSKBN1X22RK|archive-date=24 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|title=Chile protests: More than one million bring Santiago to a halt|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/chile-protests-million-bring-santiago-halt-191025223542333.html|author=Naomi Larsson|website=Al Jazeera|date=26 October 2019}}</ref>

수도 [[산티아고]]에서 처음 시위가 시작되었다. 10월 18일부터 시위자들이 조직적이 되어 도시 전역에서 봉기, 사건의 발단이 된 산티아고 도시철도의 시설들을 파괴하면서 사태는 격화되기 시작했다. 81개 역이 완파되었고 17개가 전소했다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.bnamericas.com/es/noticias/metro-de-santiago-80-estaciones-danadas-o-destruidas-durante-protestas|title=BNamericas - Metro de Santiago: 80 estaciones dañadas o d...|website=BNamericas.com|access-date=2019-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025183130/https://www.bnamericas.com/es/noticias/metro-de-santiago-80-estaciones-danadas-o-destruidas-durante-protestas|archive-date=25 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.radioagricultura.cl/nacional/2019/10/23/usuarios-reportan-nuevo-incendio-en-la-estacion-de-metro-plaza-de-maipu.html|title=Usuarios reportan nuevo incendio en la Estación de Metro Plaza de Maipú|website=www.radioagricultura.cl|access-date=2019-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026043927/https://www.radioagricultura.cl/nacional/2019/10/23/usuarios-reportan-nuevo-incendio-en-la-estacion-de-metro-plaza-de-maipu.html|archive-date=26 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> 같은 날 [[칠레 대통령]] [[세바스티안 피녜라]]는 [[비상사태]]를 선포하여 [[칠레 육군]] 병력을 배치할 수 있게 했다. 10월 19일에는 산티아고 수도권에 [[통금]]이 발령되었다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-metropolitana/2019/10/19/general-iturriaga-anuncia-toque-de-queda-en-santiago-para-afrontar-graves-disturbios.shtml|title=General Iturriaga decreta toque de queda en Santiago para afrontar graves disturbios|date=19 October 2019|website=BioBioChile - La Red de Prensa Más Grande de Chile|access-date=20 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019225339/https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-metropolitana/2019/10/19/general-iturriaga-anuncia-toque-de-queda-en-santiago-para-afrontar-graves-disturbios.shtml|archive-date=19 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/2019/10/19/decretan-inedito-toque-de-queda-en-santiago-tras-fracaso-del-gobierno-en-contener-ola-de-protestas/|title=Decretan inédito toque de queda en Santiago tras fracaso del gobierno en contener ola de protestas|last=|first=|date=|website=El Desconcierto|language=스페인어|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020002030/https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/2019/10/19/decretan-inedito-toque-de-queda-en-santiago-tras-fracaso-del-gobierno-en-contener-ola-de-protestas/|archive-date=20 October 2019|access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref>

[[폭동]] 수준으로 격화된 시위는 [[콘셉시온]], [[산안토니오]], [[발파라이소]] 등 다른 도시들로 확산되었다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-de-valparaiso/2019/10/19/protestas-y-destruccion-se-registran-en-san-antonio-y-valparaiso-tras-caso-en-el-gran-santiago.shtml|title=Protestas y destrucción se registran en San Antonio y Valparaíso tras caos en el Gran Santiago|date=19 October 2019|website=BioBioChile - La Red de Prensa Más Grande de Chile|access-date=20 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019223252/https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-de-valparaiso/2019/10/19/protestas-y-destruccion-se-registran-en-san-antonio-y-valparaiso-tras-caso-en-el-gran-santiago.shtml|archive-date=19 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> 비상사태 발효지역도 [[콘셉시온 현]], [[발파라이소주]] 전체([[이스터섬]]과 [[후안페르난데스 제도]]를 제외), [[안토파가스타]], [[코큄보]], [[이퀴퀘]], [[라세레나]], [[란카구아]], [[발디비아]], [[오소르노]], [[푸에르토몬트]]로 확대되었다. 거대한 시위대 규모, 발생한 재산피해량, 그리고 정부가 대처하는 작태가 맞물려 본 시위는 [[아우구스토 피노체트]]의 군부독재가 종식된 이래로 최악의 소요사태로 여겨지고 있다.<ref name="Bloom">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/dia/2019/10/19/bloomberg-santiago-despierta-en-la-devastacion/|title=Bloomberg: "Santiago despierta en la devastación"|access-date=2019-10-20|date=2019-10-19|website=El Mostrador|language=스페인어|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020042309/https://www.elmostrador.cl/dia/2019/10/19/bloomberg-santiago-despierta-en-la-devastacion/|archive-date=20 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

10월 25일이 되자 칠레 전역에서 100만 명 이상이 거리로 나와 대통령 피녜라의 사퇴를 요구하고 있다.<ref name="ElPais">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.elpais.com.uy/mundo/personas-protestan-santiago-chile-medio-estallido-social.html|title=Al menos un millón de personas protestan en Santiago contra Piñera y la desigualdad social|last=ElPais|website=Diario EL PAIS Uruguay|language=스페인어|access-date=2019-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026031030/https://www.elpais.com.uy/mundo/personas-protestan-santiago-chile-medio-estallido-social.html|archive-date=26 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nlaj2610">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/chile-protests-million-bring-santiago-halt-191025223542333.html|title=Chile protests: More than one million bring Santiago to a halt|website=Al Jazeera|date=26 October 2019|author=Naoim Larsson|access-date=26 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026165551/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/chile-protests-million-bring-santiago-halt-191025223542333.html|archive-date=26 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> 10월 26일까지 19명이 죽었고, 2,500여명이 다쳤으며, 2,840명이 체포되었다.<ref name="nlaj2610" /><ref name="deathtoll">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/chile-news-santiago-at-least-18-dead-and-thousands-arrested-in-chile-protests-2019-10-24/|work=CBS News|date=24 October 2019|title=At least 18 dead and thousands arrested in Chile protests|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025191352/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/chile-news-santiago-at-least-18-dead-and-thousands-arrested-in-chile-protests-2019-10-24/|archive-date=25 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> 인권감시기구들은 군경이 시위대를 상대로 고문, 성추행, 강간 등 인권침해를 저질렀다는 보고를 여러 건 접수했다.<ref name="amnesty">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/10/chile-investigacion-para-documentar-violaciones-derechos-humanos/|title=Chile: Amnesty International announces research mission to document grave human rights violations|website=Amnesty International|date=24 October 2019|access-date=26 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026125722/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/10/chile-investigacion-para-documentar-violaciones-derechos-humanos/|archive-date=26 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bbc2410">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-50166538|website=BBC|title=Chile protests: Social reform pledges fail to quell unrest|date=24 October 2019|access-date=26 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026184516/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-50166538|archive-date=26 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="time2510">{{웹 인용|url=https://time.com/5710268/chile-protests/|title=18 Killed as Hundreds of Thousands of Protestors Take to the Streets in Chile. Here's What to Know|author=Rachel Bunyan|website=Time|date=25 October 2019}}</ref>

10월 28일, 피녜라는 내각에서 내무장관 [[안드레스 채드윅]]을 비롯한 각료 8명을 교체했다.<ref name=":1">{{뉴스 인용|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/28/chile-president-sebastian-pinera-replaces-cabinet-protests|title=Chile: protesters light bonfires and clash with police despite cabinet reshuffle|last=Franklin|first=Jonathan|date=2019-10-28|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-10-28|language=영어|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029011220/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/28/chile-president-sebastian-pinera-replaces-cabinet-protests|archive-date=29 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bbc071119">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-50315106|title=Chile protests: Concerns grow over human rights abuses|website=BBC|author=Katy Watson|date=7 November 2019}}</ref> 11월 15일, 국민회의 원내정당 대부분이 시위대의 요구에 따라 신헌법을 제정할 것에 관한 [[2020년 칠레 전국국민투표|전국국민투표]]를 할 것에 합의했다.

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

[[분류:2019년 칠레]]
[[분류:2019년 시위]]
[[분류:2020년 시위]]
[[분류:2021년 시위]]