{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{drugbox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 699169263
| IUPAC_name = 2-(2-Methyl-5-nitro-1''H''-imidazol-1-yl)ethanol
| image = Metronidazol.svg
| width = 160
| image2 = Metronidazole 3D 1w3r.png
| width2 = 160

<!--Clinical data-->
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|m|ɛ|t|r|ə|ˈ|n|aɪ|d|ə|z|oʊ|l}}
| tradename = Flagyl, Metro 등
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|metronidazole}}
| pregnancy_US = B
| pregnancy_AU = B2
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_CA = Rx-only
| legal_UK = POM
| legal_US = Rx-only
| licence_US = Metronidazole
| routes_of_administration = [[경구 투여]], [[국소 투여]], [[좌약]], [[정맥 주사|IV]], [[질]]

<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = 80% (경구), 60–80% (좌약), 20–25% (질)<ref name=MSR>{{웹 인용|title=Flagyl, Flagyl ER (metronidazole) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more|work=Medscape Reference|publisher=WebMD|accessdate=3 April 2014|url=http://reference.medscape.com/drug/flagyl-metronidazole-342566#showall|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080028/http://reference.medscape.com/drug/flagyl-metronidazole-342566#showall|archivedate=7 April 2014|df=}}</ref><ref name = MD>{{웹 인용|title=Metronidazole|work=Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|date=14 January 2014|accessdate=3 April 2014|url=http://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/martindale/current/ms-16893-c.htm|editor=Brayfield, A}}</ref>
| protein_bound = 20%<ref name = MSR/><ref name = MD/>
| metabolism = [[간]]<ref name = MSR/><ref name = MD/>
| elimination_half-life = 8시간<ref name = MSR/><ref name = MD/>
| excretion = 소변 (77%), 대변 (14%)<ref name = MSR/><ref name = MD/>

<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 443-48-1
| ATC_prefix = A01
| ATC_suffix = AB17
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|D06|BX01}}, {{ATC|G01|AF01}}, {{ATC|J01|XD01}}, {{ATC|P01|AB01}}, {{ATCvet|P51|AA01}}
| PubChem = 4173
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00916
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 4029
| NIAID_ChemDB = 007953
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 140QMO216E
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00409
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 6909
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 137
| PDB_ligand = 2MN

<!--Chemical data-->
| C=6 | H=9 | N=3 | O=3
| SMILES = OCCn1c(C)ncc1[N+](=O)[O-]
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C6H9N3O3/c1-5-7-4-6(9(11)12)8(5)2-3-10/h4,10H,2-3H2,1H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| melting_point = 159
| melting_high = 163
}}

'''메트로니다졸'''({{lang|en|metronidazole}}, 그 중 브랜드명은 '''Flagyl''')은 [[항생물질]]이자 [[항원충제]]이다.<ref name=AHFS2015/> 단독으로 사용되거나 [[골반염]], [[심내막염]], [[세균성 질염]] 치료를 위해 다른 항생물질과 함께 사용된다.<ref name=AHFS2015/> [[메디나충증]], [[편모충증]], [[질편모충증]], [[아메바성 감염]]에 효과적이다.<ref name=AHFS2015/> 낮은 정도의 [[클로스트리디움 디피실 감염증]]의 최초 단계의 경우 [[반코마이신]]이나 [[피닥소마이신]]을 사용할 수 없을 때 선택사항이다.<ref name=AHFS2015/><ref name=IDSA2017>{{저널 인용|last1=McDonald|first1=LC|last2=Gerding|first2=DN|last3=Johnson|first3=S|last4=Bakken|first4=JS|last5=Carroll|first5=KC|last6=Coffin|first6=SE|last7=Dubberke|first7=ER|last8=Garey|first8=KW|last9=Gould|first9=CV|last10=Kelly|first10=C|last11=Loo|first11=V|last12=Shaklee Sammons|first12=J|last13=Sandora|first13=TJ|last14=Wilcox|first14=MH|title=Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA).|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|date=15 February 2018|doi=10.1093/cid/cix1085|pmid=29462280}}</ref> 메트로니다졸은 구강으로, 크림으로, 또는 정맥 주사를 통해 복용할 수 있다.<ref name=AHFS2015>{{웹 인용|title=Metronidazole|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/metronidazole.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|accessdate=July 31, 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906002140/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/metronidazole.html|archivedate=September 6, 2015|df=}}</ref>

일반적인 부작용으로는 [[구역질]], 철맛, 식욕 부진, 두통이 포함된다.<ref name=AHFS2015/> 이따금씩 [[뇌전증 발작]], 약물에 대한 알레르기가 발생할 수 있다.<ref name=AHFS2015/> 임신 초기에 메트로니다졸을 사용하지 않는 것이 좋다는 의견이 있는 반면, 질편모충증의 경우는 안전하다는 견해가 있다.<ref name=Preg2017/> [[모유 수유]] 중에는 사용하지 않는 것이 좋다.<ref name=Preg2017>{{웹 인용|title=Metronidazole Use During Pregnancy {{!}} Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/metronidazole.html|website=www.drugs.com|accessdate=1 January 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101163010/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/metronidazole.html|archivedate=1 January 2017|df=}}</ref>

메트로니다졸은 1960년에 프랑스에서 상용화되기 시작했다.<ref>{{서적 인용|last1=Corey|first1=E.J.|title=Drug discovery practices, processes, and perspectives|date=2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken, N.J.|isbn=9781118354469|page=27|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6Dv5XsXU-IC&pg=PA27|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908135757/https://books.google.com/books?id=E6Dv5XsXU-IC&pg=PA27|archivedate=2017-09-08|df=}}</ref> [[의료제도]]에서 필수적인 가장 효과적이고 안전한 약물 목록인 [[WHO 필수 의약품 목록]]에 등재되어 있다.<ref name=WHO19th>{{웹 인용|title=WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)|url=http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=8 December 2016|date=April 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213052708/http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|archivedate=13 December 2016|df=}}</ref> 전 세계 대부분의 지역에서 구매할 수 있다.<ref>{{웹 인용|author1=Schmid G|title=Trichomoniasis treatment in women|url=http://apps.who.int/rhl/rti_sti/gscom/en/|accessdate=1 August 2015|date=28 July 2003|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801004047/http://apps.who.int/rhl/rti_sti/gscom/en/|archivedate=1 August 2015|df=}}</ref> 알약은 상대적으로 저렴한 편으로, 개별적으로 0.01~0.10 USD의 비용이 소요된다.<ref>{{웹 인용|title=Sources and Prices of Selected Medicines and Diagnostics for People Living with HIV/AIDS|url=http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js8112e/6.html|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=1 August 2015|date=2005|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129200151/http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js8112e/6.html|archivedate=29 January 2016|df=}}</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|title=Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323263733|page=2753|edition= 8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73pYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2753|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908135757/https://books.google.com/books?id=73pYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2753|archivedate=2017-09-08|df=}}</ref> 미국에서는 10일 간의 치료 기준으로 대략 26 USD가 소요된다.<ref name=AHFS2015/>

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* {{웹 인용| url = https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search2/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+443-48-1 | title = Metronidazole Human Health Effects: Evidence for Carcinogenicity| publisher = TOXNET}}
* {{웹 인용| url = http://www.merck.com/mmpe/lexicomp/metronidazole.html| work = Merck manuals| title = Metronidazole}}
* {{웹 인용| url = http://patient.info/medicine/metronidazole-for-infection-flagyl| title = Metronidazole| publisher = patient.info }}
* {{웹 인용| url = http://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/dpdirect.jsp?name=Metronidazole | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine| work = Drug Information Portal| title = Metronidazole}}

[[분류:항원충제]]
[[분류:세계 보건 기구 필수 의약품]]
[[분류:IARC 2B군 발암 물질]]
[[분류:화이자의 제품]]
[[분류:애브비의 제품]]
[[분류:디설피람 유사 약물]]