{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{번역 확장 필요|en|Religious views of Adolf Hitler}}
'''아돌프 히틀러의 종교관'''(Adolf Hitler's religious beliefs)은 지금까지 논쟁 거리로 되어있다. 기독교를 해로운 [[미신]]으로 비판하는 진술들, 그가 권력을 잡은 후에 독일에서 기독교의 영향과 독립성을 감소하려는 완악한 노력들을 볼 때 일부 학술 전기작가들은 히틀러는 비 종교적이며 기독교에 적대자라는 것으로 결론을 내린다. 역사가 로렌스 리스 (Laurence Rees)는 "[[히틀러]]가 개인적인 삶에서 기독교 교회의 기본 교리에 대한 신앙을 표현했다"라는 어떠한 증거도 발견하지 못한다고 한다. [[괴벨스]] 일기 (Goebbels Diaries), [[알베르트 슈페어]] (Albert Speer)의 회고록, 그리고 히틀러의 식탁 담화(Table Talk)에서 [[마르틴 보어만]] (Martin Bormann)이 기록한 히틀러의 개인대화 사본들에 서술된대로 히틀러의 측근들에 대한 발언은 그가 비 종교적이고 반 기독교적인 신앙의 증거들이다. 이런 자료들은 히틀러가 기독교 교리를 과학적 진보와는 반대로 어리석은 것으로 비웃고 사회를 파괴적으로 보는 수많은 개인적 진술들을 기록하고 있다.<ref name="Bundle15">Joseph Goebbels (Fred Taylor Translation) The Goebbels Diaries 1939–41; Hamish Hamilton Ltd; London; 1982; {{ISBN|0-241-10893-4}}; p.76: In 1939, Goebbels wrote that the Fuhrer knew that he would "have to get around to a conflict between church and state" but that in the meantime "The best way to deal with the churches is to claim to be a 'positive Christian'."</ref> 그러나, [[히틀러]]는 정치운동과 리더쉽을 얻기위해서 독일 대중들에게 호소 할때는 종교를 지원하고 [[무신론]]을 반대한다고 선포를 하였다. 그는 무신론([[공산주의]]와 유대인들의 물질주의)를 근절했고, 1933년에는 독일 자유사상가 동맹(German Freethinkers League)을 금지시켰다.<ref>New York Times [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F03EFDB1538E333A25757C1A9639C946294D6CF&legacy=true]</ref> 히틀러는 사실 가톨릭 신자인 [[클라라 히틀러|어머니]]에게 태어나서 [[로마 가톨릭교회]]에서 세례를 받았다. 1904년 그의 어머니의 소원에 동의하여 [[린츠|오스트리아 린츠]]있는 [[로마 가톨릭교회]]에서 견진례를 받았다.<ref>Bullock (1991), p.26</ref> 히틀러는 자신의 책 [[나의 투쟁]](''[[나의 투쟁|Mein Kampf]]'' )에서와 그가 통치 초기에 앞서서 행한 그의 연설에서 그는 [[기독교인]]이라고 신앙을 확신했다.<ref name="speeches">Norman H. Baynes, ed. The Speeches of Adolf Hitler, April 1922-August 1939, Vol. 1 of 2, pp. 19–20, Oxford University Press, 1942</ref><ref name="MeinKampf">Hitler, Adolf (1999). ''Mein Kampf''. Ralph Mannheim, ed., New York: Mariner Books, pp. 65, 119, 152, 161, 214, 375, 383, 403, 436, 562, 565, 622, 632–633.</ref> 히틀러와 [[나치당]]들은 긍정적 기독교(Positive Christianity)를 발전시켰는데,<ref name="Norman H. Baynes 1969 p. 402">from Norman H. Baynes, ed. (1969). The Speeches of Adolf Hitler: April 1922-August 1939. 1. New York: Howard Fertig. p. 402.</ref>  이 운동은 [[구약]]에서 유대적 요소들 뿐만 아니라 [[예수]]의 [[신성]]과 같은 거의 대부분의 전통적인 기독교 교리들을 거부하였다.<ref name="William L. Shirer p. 234">Shirer, 1990, p. 234.</ref>

히틀러의 초기 공적 연설들은 기독교는 지지될수 있는 가치체제로 진지함을 보여준다. 그리고 그는 개인적으로 [[섭리]]로 표현되는 행동하는 [[하나님]]을 믿었다. 비록 역사학자인 Percy Ernst Schramm가 탁상담화의 기록과 사본을 분석한 것에 따르면 히틀러의 [[세계관]]에는 예수를 구세주로 볼 여백이 없으며 단지 예수의 인간적 위대함을 인정할 뿐이다. 사실상 히틀러는 예수를 권력과 [[바리새인]]들의 부패와 유대 물질주의에 대항하여 투쟁한 [[아리안]]의 전사로 높은 존경심을 표했다."<ref>Steigmann-Gall, Richard (2003). The Holy Reich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 13–50, 252</ref>
<ref name="Fred Taylor Translation p.340">Fred Taylor Translation; The Goebbels Diaries 1939–41; Hamish Hamilton Ltd; London; 1982; {{ISBN|0-241-10893-4}}; p.340</ref>

== 히틀러와 로마 가톨릭교회의 관계 ==
[[에드몽 파리]](Edmond Paris)의 《예수회의 비밀역사》라는 책과 저명한 가톨릭 신학자 [[한스 큉]]의 저서 《가톨릭의 역사》(을유문화사)에서는 히틀러를 로마 카톨릭교회와 밀접하게 연결시키고 있다.
이들과 대조적으로 이안 케샤우(Ian Kershaw)의 《Hitler 1936-1945 Nemesis》 책에서는"종교는 국가 아래에서 지배당해야 한다"라고 주장했다. 또한  알팬 블럭(Alan Bullock)의 "Hitler: A Study in Tyranny" 책에서 "[[히틀러]]는 기독교는 노예들이나 믿는 종교이며 기독교의 가르침은 적자생존에 어울리지 않다"라고 말한 것으로 보아 그는 분명히 기독교인이 아니라고 보는 견해도 있다. 알레 블럭은 성장하면서 로마 가톨릭교회에 대해 적대적으로 되었다고 주장한다.<ref>Alan Bullock; ''Hitler, a Study in Tyranny''; Harper Perennial Edition, 1991; p. 219."</ref>

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[에드몽 파리]]

== 참고 문헌 ==
* Ian Kershaw; Hitler a Biography; 2008 Edn; WW Norton & Company; London p.661
*  [[Alan Bullock]]; ''[[Hitler: A Study in Tyranny]]''; HarperPerennial Edition 1991; p 219: "Once the war was over, [Hitler] promised himself, he would root out and destroy the influence of the Christian Churches, but until then he would be circumspect"
* [[Michael Phayer]]; [http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/education/courses/life_lessons/pdfs/lesson8_4.pdf ''The Response of the German Catholic Church to National Socialism''] {{웨이백|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/education/courses/life_lessons/pdfs/lesson8_4.pdf |date=20190120033233 }}, published by [[Yad Vashem]]: "By the latter part of the decade of the Thirties church officials were well aware that the ultimate aim of Hitler and other Nazis was the total elimination of Catholicism and of the Christian religion. Since the overwhelming majority of Germans were either Catholic or Protestant this goal had to be a long-term rather than a short-term Nazi objective."
* [[William L. Shirer|Shirer, William L.]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=sY8svb-MNUwC&dq Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany], p. 240, Simon and Schuster, 1990: "under the leadership of Rosenberg, Bormann and Himmler—backed by Hitler—the Nazi regime intended to destroy [[Christianity]] in [[Germany]], if it could, and substitute the old paganism of the early tribal Germanic gods and the new paganism of the Nazi extremists.”
* [[Anton Gill|Gill, Anton]] (1994). ''An Honourable Defeat; A History of the German Resistance to Hitler''. Heinemann Mandarin. 1995 paperback {{ISBN|978-0-434-29276-9}}, pp. 14–15: "[the Nazis planned to] de-Christianise Germany after the final victory".
* [[Richard Overy]]; ‘’The Dictators Hitler's Germany Stalin's Russia’’; Allen Lane/Penguin; 2004.pp.287: “During the War [Hitler] reflected that in the long run, ‘National Socialism and religion will no longer be able to exist together. Both Stalin and Hitler wanted a neutered religion, subservient to the state, while the slow programme of scientific revelation destroyed the foundation of religious myth.”
* [[Richard J. Evans]]; ''The Third Reich at War''; Penguin Press; New York 2009, p. 547: wrote that Hitler believed that in the long run National Socialism and religion would not be able to co-exist, and stressed repeatedly that Nazism was a secular ideology, founded on modern science: "Science, he declared, would easily destroy the last remaining vestiges of superstition". Germany could not tolerate the intervention of foreign influences such as the Pope and "Priests, he said, were 'black bugs', 'abortions in black cassocks'".
* [[Roger Griffin|Griffin, Roger]] ''Fascism's relation to religion'' in Blamires, Cyprian, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nvD2rZSVau4C&dq World fascism: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1], p. 10, ABC-CLIO, 2006: "There is no doubt that in the long run Nazi leaders such as Hitler and Himmler intended to eradicate Christianity just as ruthlessly as any other rival ideology, even if in the short term they had to be content to make compromises with it."
* [[George Lachmann Mosse|Mosse, George Lachmann]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=_cyR3QyuSdIC&dq Nazi culture: intellectual, cultural and social life in the Third Reich], p. 240, Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2003: "Had the Nazis won the war their ecclesiastical policies would have gone beyond those of the German Christians, to the utter destruction of both the Protestant and the Catholic Church."
* [[Jack Fischel|Fischel, Jack R.]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=EzBZP92xwUUC&dq Historical Dictionary of the Holocaust] , p. 123, Scarecrow Press, 2010: "The objective was to either destroy Christianity and restore the German gods of antiquity or to turn Jesus into an Aryan."
* Dill, Marshall, [https://books.google.com/books?id=xRrGP7L9_hEC&dq Germany: a modern history] , p. 365, University of Michigan Press, 1970: "It seems no exaggeration to insist that the greatest challenge the Nazis had to face was their effort to eradicate Christianity in Germany or at least to subjugate it to their general world outlook."
* Wheaton, Eliot Barculo [https://books.google.com/books?ei=Nu-6TrqBLOaTiQKL5dy2Dg&ct The Nazi revolution, 1933–1935: prelude to calamity:with a background survey of the Weimar era], p. 290, 363, Doubleday 1968: The Nazis sought "to eradicate Christianity in Germany root and branch."
* Bendersky, Joseph W., [https://books.google.com/books?id=ATCXucbTYX0C&dq A concise history of Nazi Germany], p. 147, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007: "Consequently, it was Hitler's long range goal to eliminate the churches once he had consolidated control over his European empire.”
* [http://org.law.rutgers.edu/publications/law-religion/nurinst1.shtml The Nazi Master Plan: The Persecution of the Christian Churches] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926204151/http://org.law.rutgers.edu/publications/law-religion/nurinst1.shtml |date=2013-09-26 }}, Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion, Winter 2001, publishing evidence compiled by the O.S.S. for the Nuremberg war-crimes trials of 1945 and 1946
* Sharkey, [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0DB1F39F930A25752C0A9649C8B63 Word for Word/The Case Against the Nazis; How Hitler's Forces Planned To Destroy German Christianity], New York Times, 13 January 2002
* Bendersky, Joseph W., [https://books.google.com/books?id=ATCXucbTYX0C&dq A concise history of Nazi Germany], p. 147, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007: "Consequently, it was Hitler's long range goal to eliminate the churches once he had consolidated control over his European empire.”

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

{{아돌프 히틀러}}

[[분류:아돌프 히틀러|종교관]]
[[분류:반가톨릭주의]]
[[분류:가톨릭 관련 논란]]
[[분류:역사 논란]]