{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{다른 뜻 넘어옴|딱따구리|라디오 프로그램|딱따구리 (라디오 프로그램)}}
{{생물 분류
|이름=딱따구리과
|색=동물
|그림=BlackWoods.jpg
|그림_설명=[[까막딱따구리]]와 새끼
|계=[[동물|동물계]]
|문=[[척삭동물|척삭동물문]]
|강=[[새|조강]]
|목=[[딱따구리목]]
|과='''딱따구리과'''(Picidae)
|과_명명=Vigors, 1825
|하위_링크=속
|하위=
* [[개미잡이속]] (''Jynx'')
* [[까막딱따구리속]] (''Dryocopus'')
* [[오색딱따구리속]] (''Dendrocopos'')
* [[청딱따구리속]] (''Picus'')
* ''Picumnus''
* ''Sasia''
* [[앤틸리스애기딱따구리속]] (''Nesoctites'')
* ''Melanerpes''
* [[즙빨기딱따구리속]] (''Sphyrapicus'')
* [[쿠바딱따구리속]] (''Xiphidiopicus'')
* ''Campethera''
* ''Geocolaptes''
* ''Celeus''
* ''Campephilus''
* ''Dinopium''
* ''Chrysocolaptes''
* ''Gecinulus''
* ''Sapheopipo''
* ''Blythipicus''
* ''Reinwardtipicus''
* ''Meiglyptes''
* ''Hemicircus''
* ''Mulleripicus''
}}
'''딱따구리과'''(Picidae)는 [[딱따구리목]]의 한 [[과 (생물학)|과]]이다. 이 과에 속하는 딱따구리들은 [[오스트레일리아]], [[뉴기니섬]], [[뉴질랜드]], [[마다가스카르]], 극지역을 제외한 전 세계에서 볼 수 있다. 수많은 종들은 [[숲]]이나 [[소림]]에서 서식하지만 일부 종들은 [[사막]]과 같은 [[나무]]가 없는 지역에 사는 것으로 알려져 있다. [[나무]]를 쪼아서 그 안에 사는 [[곤충]]의 애벌레를 잡아먹는다.

딱따구리과는 [[딱따구리목]]의 8개의 생존 과들 가운데 하나이다. 딱따구리목의 다른 과들로는 [[자카마류]], [[뻐끔새류]], [[오색조과]], [[왕부리새류|왕부리새과]], [[벌꿀길잡이새류|벌꿀길잡이새과]] 등이며, 전통적으로 딱따구리, 꼬마딱따구리, 개미잡이, 샙서커(sapsucker)와 밀접한 관련이 있다고 간주되었다. 최근에 [[염기서열|DNA 염기 서열]] 분석이 이러한 관점을 확증해 주고 있다.<ref name=Johansson>{{저널 인용 |last1=Johansson |first1=U. S. |last2=Ericson |first2=G. P. |year=2003 |title=Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960) |journal=[[Journal of Avian Biology|J. Avian Biol.]] |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=185–197 |doi=10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x |url=http://www.nrm.se/download/18.4e32c81078a8d9249800021325/Johansson%2520%26%2520Ericson%2520-%2520Piciformes%5B1%5D.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=2017-01-30 |archive-date=2018-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004210235/http://www.nrm.se/download/18.4e32c81078a8d9249800021325/Johansson%2520%26%2520Ericson%2520-%2520Piciformes%5B1%5D.pdf |url-status= }}</ref>

이 과에는 239개의 종과 약 30개의 속이 있다. 수많은 종들이 [[서식지 단편화]]로 인해 위기나 위험에 처해있다. 대중매체 캐릭터로는 [[우디 우드페커]], [[위니 우드페커]], [[넛헤드 & 스플린터]] 등이 있다.


== 일반적인 특징 ==
딱따구리과에 속하는 것들은 [[나무]]에 구멍을 뚫기 위한 튼튼한 [[부리]]와 먹이를 추출하기 위한 기다랗고 끈적거리는 혀가 있다.<ref name="HBW">Winkler, Hans & Christie, David A. (2002), "Family Picidae (Woodpeckers)" ''in'' del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors). (2002). ''[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]. Volume 7: Jacamars to Woodpeckers.'' Lynx Edicions. {{ISBN|84-87334-37-7}}</ref> 딱따구리의 부리는 일반적으로 꼬마딱따구리, 개미잡이의 부리 보다 더 길고 더 날카롭고 더 튼튼하다. 그러나 이들의 [[형태학 (생물학)|형태]]는 매우 비슷하다.

== 분포, 서식, 이주 ==
딱따구리는 [[범존종|세계 어디에서나]] 대부분 지역에서 서식하지만 [[오스트레일리아]], [[마다가스카르]], [[남극]]에서는 살지 않는다. 전 세계 대양의 [[섬]]에서도 살지 않지만 [[대륙]]섬에서는 수많은 섬 [[종 (생물학)|종]]들이 발견된다. [[딱따구리아과]]는 딱따구리와 동일한 모든 서식지에 분포해있다. [[꼬마딱따구리]]는 범열대성 분포적 특성이 있으며 [[동남아시아]], [[아프리카]], [[신열대구]]에서 볼 수 있고 꼬마딱따구리 종 다수가 [[남아메리카]]에 위치해 있다. Nesoctitinae 아종은 Antillean piculet라는 단일종이 있으며 [[히스파니올라섬]]의 [[카리브 제도]]에 국한된다. 개미잡이는 예외적으로 [[구세계]]에 분포되어 있으며, 두 종이 [[유럽]], [[아시아]], 아프리카에서 발견된다.

딱따구리과는 한 곳에 정착해 살 수도 있고 철새일 수도 있다. 수많은 종들이 동일한 지역에 연중 머무는 것으로 알려져 있지만 다른 종들은 번식지에서 [[겨울|월동]] 지역으로 먼 거리를 이주한다. 이를테면 [[개미잡이]]는 유럽과 서아시아에서 서식하지만 겨울에는 [[아프리카]]의 [[사헬]]로 이주한다.<ref>{{저널 인용 |title=Migration patterns of Hoopoe ''Upupa epops'' and Wryneck ''Jynx torquilla'' : an analysis of European ring recoveries |journal=Journal of Ornithology |year=2008 |last1=Reichlin |first1=Thomas |last2=Schaub |first2=Michael |last3=Menz |first3=Myles H. M. |last4=Mermod |first4=Murielle |last5=Portner |first5=Patricia |last6=Arlettaz |first6=Raphaël |last7=Jenni |first7=Lukas |volume=150 |issue=2 |pages=393–400 |doi=10.1007/s10336-008-0361-3}}</ref>

== 행동 ==
딱따구리는 이 종의 다른 구성원들에게 공격적인 성향을 지니는 비사교적인 홑종들에서부터 함께 모여 생활하는 종들로까지 다양하게 걸쳐있다. 모여 생활하는 종들은 집단적으로 새끼를 낳는 종들인 경향이 있다. 딱따구리는 주행성이며 밤에는 구멍 안에서 앉아 쉰다. 대부분의 종들의 경우 번식기에는 앉아 쉬는 일은 둥지에서 이루어진다.

=== 먹이 ===
딱따구리의 먹이는 주로 살아있는 [[나무]]와 죽은 [[나무]]로부터 채취한 [[곤충]] 및 유충 및 기타 절지동물, 그리고 살아있는 [[나무]]의 열매, 견과, 수액으로 이루어진다.

== 분류 ==
* [[개미잡이속]] (''Jynx'')
** [[개미잡이]] (''Jynx torquilla'')
** ''Jynx ruficollis''

* [[까막딱따구리속]] (''Dryocopus'')
** ''Dryocopus galeatus''
** ''Dryocopus lineatus''
** ''Dryocopus pileatus''
** ''Dryocopus schulzi''
** [[크낙새]] (''Dryocopus javensis'')
** [[안다만딱따구리]] (''Dryocopus hodgei'')
** [[까막딱따구리]] (''Dryocopus martius''

* [[오색딱따구리속]] (''Dendrocopos'')
** Sulawesi Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos temminckii'')
** Philippine Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos maculatus'')
** Brown-capped Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos nanus'')
** Sunda Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos moluccensis'')
** [[아무르쇠딱따구리]] (''Dendrocopos canicapillus'')
** [[쇠딱따구리]] (''Dendrocopos kizuki'')
** [[쇠오색딱따구리]] (''Dendrocopos minor'')
** Brown-fronted Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos auriceps'')
** Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos macei'')
** Stripe-breasted Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos atratus'')
** Yellow-crowned Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos mahrattensis'')
** Arabian Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos dorae'')
** [[붉은배오색딱따구리]] (''Dendrocopos hyperythrus'')
** Darjeeling Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos darjellensis'')
** Crimson-breasted Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos cathpharius'')
** Middle Spotted Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos medius'')
** [[큰오색딱따구리]] (''Dendrocopos leucotos'')
** [[오색딱따구리]] (''Dendrocopos major'')
** Syrian Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos syriacus'')
** White-winged Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos leucopterus'')
** Sind Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos assimilis'')
** Himalayan Woodpecker (''Dendrocopos himalayensis'')

* [[청딱따구리속]] (''Picus'')
** Banded Woodpecker (''Picus mineaceus'')
** Lesser Yellownape (''Picus chlorolophus'')
** Crimson-winged Woodpecker (''Picus puniceus'')
** Greater Yellownape (''Picus flavinucha'')
** Checker-throated Woodpecker (''Picus mentalis'')
** Streak-breasted Woodpecker (''Picus viridanus'')
** Laced Woodpecker (''Picus vittatus'')
** Streak-throated Woodpecker (''Picus xanthopygaeus'')
** Scaly-bellied Woodpecker (''Picus squamatus'')
** Japanese Woodpecker (''Picus awokera'')
** [[유라시아청딱따구리]] (''Picus viridis'')
** Levaillant's Woodpecker (''Picus vaillantii'')
** Red-collared Woodpecker (''Picus rabieri'')
** Black-headed Woodpecker (''Picus erythropygius'')
** [[청딱따구리]] (''Picus canus'')

* ''Picumnus''
** Orinoco Piculet (''Picumnus pumilus'')
** Speckled Piculet (''Picumnus innominatus'')
** Bar-breasted Piculet (''Picumnus aurifrons'')
** Lafresnaye's Piculet (''Picumnus lafresnayi'')
** Golden-spangled Piculet (''Picumnus exilis'')
** Ecuadorian Piculet (''Picumnus sclateri'')
** Scaled Piculet (''Picumnus squamulatus'')
** White-bellied Piculet (''Picumnus spilogaster'')
** Guianan Piculet (''Picumnus minutissimus'')
** Spotted Piculet (''Picumnus pygmaeus'')
** Speckle-chested Piculet (''Picumnus steindachneri'')
** White-barred Piculet (''Picumnus cirratus'')
** Varzea Piculet (''Picumnus varzeae'')
** Ocellated Piculet (''Picumnus dorbygnianus'')
** Ochre-collared Piculet (''Picumnus temminckii'')
** White-wedged Piculet (''Picumnus albosquamatus'')
** Rusty-necked Piculet (''Picumnus fuscus'')
** Rufous-breasted Piculet (''Picumnus rufiventris'')
** Tawny Piculet (''Picumnus fulvescens'')
** Ochraceous Piculet (''Picumnus limae'')
** Mottled Piculet (''Picumnus nebulosus'')
** Plain-breasted Piculet (''Picumnus castelnau'')
** Fine-barred Piculet (''Picumnus subtilis'')
** Olivaceous Piculet (''Picumnus olivaceus'')
** Grayish Piculet (''Picumnus granadensis'')
** Chestnut Piculet (''Picumnus cinnamomeus'')

* ''Sasia''
** African Piculet (''Sasia africana'')
** Rufous Piculet (''Sasia abnormis'')
** White-browed Piculet (''Sasia ochracea'')

* [[앤틸리스애기딱따구리|앤틸리스애기딱따구리속]] (''Nesoctites'')
** [[앤틸리스애기딱따구리]] (''Nesoctites micromegas'')

* ''Melanerpes''
** White Woodpecker (''Melanerpes candidus'')
** Lewis' Woodpecker (''Melanerpes lewis'')
** Guadeloupe Woodpecker (''Melanerpes herminieri'')
** Puerto Rican Woodpecker (''Melanerpes portoricensis'')
** Red-headed Woodpecker (''Melanerpes erythrocephalus'')
** Acorn Woodpecker (''Melanerpes formicivorus'')
** Golden-naped Woodpecker (''Melanerpes chrysauchen'')
** Black-cheeked Woodpecker (''Melanerpes pucherani'')
** Yellow-tufted Woodpecker (''Melanerpes cruentatus'')
** Yellow-fronted Woodpecker (''Melanerpes flavifrons'')
** White-fronted Woodpecker (''Melanerpes cactorum'')
** Hispaniolan Woodpecker (''Melanerpes striatus'')
** Jamaican Woodpecker (''Melanerpes radiolatus'')
** Golden-cheeked Woodpecker (''Melanerpes chrysogenys'')
** Gray-breasted Woodpecker (''Melanerpes hypopolius'')
** Yucatan Woodpecker (''Melanerpes pygmaeus'')
** Red-crowned Woodpecker (''Melanerpes rubricapillus'')
** Hoffmann's Woodpecker (''Melanerpes hoffmannii'')
** Gila Woodpecker (''Melanerpes uropygialis'')
** Golden-fronted Woodpecker (''Melanerpes aurifrons'')
** Red-bellied Woodpecker (''Melanerpes carolinus'')
** West Indian Woodpecker (''Melanerpes superciliaris'')

* [[즙빨기딱따구리속]] (''Sphyrapicus'')
** Williamson's Sapsucker (''Sphyrapicus thyroideus'')
** Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (''Sphyrapicus varius'')
** Red-naped Sapsucker (''Sphyrapicus nuchalis'')
** Red-breasted Sapsucker (''Sphyrapicus ruber'')

* [[쿠바딱따구리|쿠바딱따구리속]] (''Xiphidiopicus'')
** [[쿠바딱따구리]] (''Xiphidiopicus percussus'')

* ''Campethera''
** Fine-spotted Woodpecker (''Campethera punctuligera'')
** Nubian Woodpecker (''Campethera nubica'')
** Bennett's Woodpecker (''Campethera bennettii'')
** Reichenow's Woodpecker (''Campethera scriptoricauda'')
** Golden-tailed Woodpecker (''Campethera abingoni'')
** Mombasa Woodpecker (''Campethera mombassica'')
** Knysna Woodpecker (''Campethera notata'')
** Little Green Woodpecker (''Campethera maculosa'')
** Green-backed Woodpecker (''Campethera cailliautii'')
** Tullberg's Woodpecker (''Campethera tullbergi'')
** Buff-spotted Woodpecker (''Campethera nivosa'')
** Brown-eared Woodpecker (''Campethera caroli'')

* ''Geocolaptes''
** Ground Woodpecker (''Geocolaptes olivaceus'')

* ''Dendropicos''
** Little Grey Woodpecker (''Dendropicos elachus'')
** Speckle-breasted Woodpecker (''Dendropicos poecilolaemus'')
** Abyssinian Woodpecker (''Dendropicos abyssinicus'')
** Cardinal Woodpecker (''Dendropicos fuscescens'')
** Gabon Woodpecker (''Dendropicos gabonensis'')
** Melancholy Woodpecker (''Dendropicos lugubris'')
** Stierling's Woodpecker (''Dendropicos stierlingi'')
** Bearded Woodpecker (''Dendropicos namaquus'')
** Fire-bellied Woodpecker (''Dendropicos pyrrhogaster'')
** Golden-crowned Woodpecker (''Dendropicos xantholophus'')
** Elliot's Woodpecker (''Dendropicos elliotii'')
** Grey Woodpecker (''Dendropicos goertae'')
** African Grey-headed Woodpecker (''Dendropicos spodocephalus'')
** Olive Woodpecker (''Dendropicos griseocephalus'')
** Brown-backed Woodpecker (''Dendropicos obsoletus'')

* ''Picoides''
** Striped Woodpecker (''Picoides lignarius'')
** Checkered Woodpecker (''Picoides mixtus'')
** Ladder-backed Woodpecker (''Picoides scalaris'')
** Nuttall's Woodpecker (''Picoides nuttallii'')
** Downy Woodpecker (''Picoides pubescens'')
** Hairy Woodpecker (''Picoides villosus'')
** Strickland's Woodpecker (''Picoides stricklandi'')
** Arizona Woodpecker (''Picoides arizonae'')
** Red-cockaded Woodpecker (''Picoides borealis'')
** White-headed Woodpecker (''Picoides albolarvatus'')
** [[세가락딱따구리]] (''Picoides tridactylus'')
** Black-backed Woodpecker (''Picoides arcticus'')

* ''Veniliornis''
** Scarlet-backed Woodpecker (''Veniliornis callonotus'')
** Yellow-vented Woodpecker (''Veniliornis dignus'')
** Bar-bellied Woodpecker (''Veniliornis nigriceps'')
** Smoky-brown Woodpecker (''Veniliornis fumigatus'')
** Little Woodpecker (''Veniliornis passerinus'')
** Dot-fronted Woodpecker (''Veniliornis frontalis'')
** White-spotted Woodpecker (''Veniliornis spilogaster'')
** Blood-colored Woodpecker (''Veniliornis sanguineus'')
** Red-rumped Woodpecker (''Veniliornis kirkii'')
** Choco Woodpecker (''Veniliornis chocoensis'')
** Golden-collared Woodpecker (''Veniliornis cassini'')
** Red-stained Woodpecker (''Veniliornis affinis'')
** Yellow-eared Woodpecker (''Veniliornis maculifrons'')

* ''Piculus''
** Rufous-winged Woodpecker (''Piculus simplex'')
** Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker (''Piculus callopterus'')
** Lita Woodpecker (''Piculus litae'')
** White-throated Woodpecker (''Piculus leucolaemus'')
** Yellow-throated Woodpecker (''Piculus flavigula'')
** Golden-green Woodpecker (''Piculus chrysochloros'')
** Yellow-browed Woodpecker (''Piculus aurulentus'')
** Golden-olive Woodpecker (''Piculus rubiginosus'')
** Gray-crowned Woodpecker (''Piculus auricularis'')
** Crimson-mantled Woodpecker (''Piculus rivolii'')

* ''Colaptes''
** Black-necked Woodpecker (''Colaptes atricollis'')
** Spot-breasted Woodpecker (''Colaptes punctigula'')
** Green-barred Woodpecker (''Colaptes melanochloros'')
** Golden-breasted Woodpecker (''Colaptes melanolaimu'')
** Northern Flicker (''Colaptes auratus'')
** Gilded Flicker (''Colaptes chrysoides'')
** Fernandina's Flicker (''Colaptes fernandinae'')
** Chilean Flicker (''Colaptes pitius'')
** Andean Flicker (''Colaptes rupicola'')
** Campo Flicker (''Colaptes campestris'')

* ''Celeus''
** Cinnamon Woodpecker (''Celeus loricatus'')
** Rufous Woodpecker (''Celeus brachyurus'')
** Scaly-breasted Woodpecker (''Celeus grammicus'')
** Waved Woodpecker (''Celeus undatus'')
** Chestnut-colored Woodpecker (''Celeus castaneus'')
** Chestnut Woodpecker (''Celeus elegans'')
** Pale-crested Woodpecker (''Celeus lugubris'')
** Blond-crested Woodpecker (''Celeus flavescens'')
** Cream-colored Woodpecker (''Celeus flavus'')
** Rufous-headed Woodpecker (''Celeus spectabilis'')
** Ringed Woodpecker (''Celeus torquatus'')

* ''Campephilus''
** Powerful Woodpecker (''Campephilus pollens'')
** Crimson-bellied Woodpecker (''Campephilus haematogaster'')
** Red-necked Woodpecker (''Campephilus rubricollis'')
** Robust Woodpecker (''Campephilus robustus'')
** Crimson-crested Woodpecker (''Campephilus melanoleucos'')
** Guayaquil Woodpecker (''Campephilus gayaquilensis'')
** Pale-billed Woodpecker (''Campephilus guatemalensis'')
** Cream-backed Woodpecker (''Campephilus leucopogon'')
** Magellanic Woodpecker (''Campephilus magellanicus'')
** Ivory-billed Woodpecker (''Campephilus principalis'') (extinct)
** Imperial Woodpecker (''Campephilus imperialis'') (extinct)

* ''Dinopium''
** Olive-backed Woodpecker (''Dinopium rafflesii'')
** Himalayan Flameback (''Dinopium shorii'')
** Common Flameback (''Dinopium javanense'')
** Black-rumped Flameback (''Dinopium benghalense'')

* ''Chrysocolaptes''
** White-naped Woodpecker (''Chrysocolaptes festivus'')
** Greater Flameback (''Chrysocolaptes lucidus'')

* ''Gecinulus''
** Pale-headed Woodpecker (''Gecinulus grantia'')
** Bamboo Woodpecker (''Gecinulus viridis'')

* ''Sapheopipo''
** Okinawa Woodpecker (''Sapheopipo noguchii'')

* ''Blythipicus''
** Maroon Woodpecker (''Blythipicus rubiginosus'')
** Bay Woodpecker (''Blythipicus pyrrhotis'')

* ''Reinwardtipicus''
** Orange-backed Woodpecker (''Reinwardtipicus validus'')

* ''Meiglyptes''
** Buff-rumped Woodpecker (''Meiglyptes tristis'')
** Black-and-buff Woodpecker (''Meiglyptes jugularis'')
** Buff-necked Woodpecker (''Meiglyptes tukki'')

* ''Hemicircus''
** Grey-and-buff Woodpecker (''Hemicircus concretus'')
** Heart-spotted Woodpecker (''Hemicircus canente'')

* ''Mulleripicus''
** Ashy Woodpecker (''Mulleripicus fulvus'')
** Sooty Woodpecker (''Mulleripicus funebris'')
** Great Slaty Woodpecker (''Mulleripicus pulverulentus'')

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
{{위키공용분류}}
* {{언어링크|en}} [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/woodpeckers-picidae Woodpecker videos, photos & sounds] {{웨이백|url=http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/woodpeckers-picidae |date=20160411193645 }} on the Internet Bird Collection
* {{뉴스 인용 |last=Chester |first=Tim |date=March 3, 2015|location=UK|work=Mashable|title=Here's a photo of a weasel riding a woodpecker|url=http://mashable.com/2015/03/03/photo-weasel-riding-woodpecker/?utm_cid=mash-com-fb-main-link}}
* {{언어링크|en}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4oEM0W6mhM Woodpecker attacks dove nest]
* {{언어링크|en}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ESV4WkLf9A Woodpecker attacks baby birds]

{{딱따구리목}}
{{분류군 식별자|from=Q25439}}
{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:딱따구리과| ]]
[[분류:올리고세의 새]]