{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
 |name          = 후각상실
 |synonym       = 무후각, loss of smell, smell blindness,<ref name=Coon2014/> odor blindness
 |image         = Anosmia.jpg
 |image_size    = 
 |alt           = 
 |caption       = 
 |pronounce     = {{IPAc-en|æ|n|ˈ|ɒ|z|m|i|ə|}}
 |specialty     = [[이비인후과]]
 |symptoms      = 
 |complications = 
 |onset         = 
 |duration      = 
 |types         = 부분적, 전체<ref name=Jon2010/>
 |causes        = 
 |risks         = 
 |diagnosis     = 
 |differential  = 
 |prevention    = 
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 |prognosis     = 
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 |deaths        = 
}}

'''후각상실'''<ref>대한의협 의학용어 사전, 옛 대한의협 의학용어 사전 https://www.kmle.co.kr/search.php?Search=anosmia&EbookTerminology=YES&DictAll=YES&DictAbbreviationAll=YES&DictDefAll=YES&DictNownuri=YES&DictWordNet=YES</ref>(嗅覺 喪失, anosmia, smell blindness, 후각상실증, 후각없음증, 무후각증)은 하나 이상의 [[냄새]]를 감별하지 못하는 능력 상실이다.<ref name="Coon2014">{{서적 인용|last1=Coon|first1=Dennis|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-4jCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA136|title=Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior|last2=Mitterer|first2=John|date=2014|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-305-09187-0|location=Boston|page=136|language=en|chapter=4. Sensation and perception|lccn=2014942026|name-list-style=vanc}}</ref><ref name="Jon2010">{{서적 인용|last1=Jones|first1=Nicholas|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=arSSpm-OgjYC&pg=PA25|title=Practical Rhinology|date=2010|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4441-0861-3|editor-last=Jones|editor-first=Nicholas|page=24-25|language=en|chapter=2. Making sense of symptoms}}</ref> 후각상실은 일시적이거나 영구적일 수 있다.<ref name=Li2020>{{인용|last1=Li|first1=Xi|title=Anosmia|date=6 July 2020|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482152/|work=StatPearls|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=29489163|access-date=1 December 2020|last2=Lui|first2=Forshing}}</ref> 일부 또는 모든 냄새의 감별 능력이 감소된 [[신체발육저하]](신체발육부전)과는 구별한다.<ref name=Jon2010/>

후각상실은 콧구멍의 염증, 비강 차단, [[측두엽]] 파괴 등 수많은 요인에 기인할 수 있다.

== 병인 목록 ==
* 상기도감염 (예: [[부비동염]], [[감기]])<ref name="Doty2001">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Doty RL, Mishra A | title = Olfaction and its alteration by nasal obstruction, rhinitis, and rhinosinusitis | journal = The Laryngoscope | volume = 111 | issue = 3 | pages = 409–23 | date = March 2001 | pmid = 11224769 | pmc = 7165948 | doi = 10.1097/00005537-200103000-00008 }}</ref>
* [[코로나바이러스감염증-19]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Grant MC, Geoghegan L, Arbyn M, Mohammed Z, McGuinness L, Clarke EL, Wade RG | title = The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 15 | issue = 6 | pages = e0234765 | date = 23 June 2020 | pmid = 32574165 | pmc = 7310678 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0234765 | bibcode = 2020PLoSO..1534765G | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Symptoms |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=14 May 2020 |language=en-us |date=13 May 2020}}</ref>
* [[비용종]]<ref name="Ta2010">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Ta NH | title = Will we ever cure nasal polyps? | journal = Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England | volume = 101 | issue = 1 | pages = 35–39 | date = January 2019 | pmid = 30286644 | pmc = 6303820 | doi = 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0149 }}</ref>
* [[갑상샘저하증]]
* [[벌집뼈]] 외상<ref name="Doty1997">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Doty RL, Yousem DM, Pham LT, Kreshak AA, Geckle R, Lee WW | title = Olfactory dysfunction in patients with head trauma | journal = Archives of Neurology | volume = 54 | issue = 9 | pages = 1131–40 | date = September 1997 | pmid = 9311357 | doi = 10.1001/archneur.1997.00550210061014 }}</ref>
* [[전두엽]] [[신생물]]
* [[항생물질]]
* [[섬유근육통]]
* [[다발성 경화증]]
* [[황화 수소]]({{chem|H|2|S}})에 노출<ref>{{서적 인용|last=Contaminants|first=National Research Council (US) Committee on Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK219913/|title=Hydrogen Sulfide|date=2009|publisher=National Academies Press (US)|language=en}}</ref>
* [[저혈당증]]
* [[당뇨병]]
* [[천식]] 또는 [[알레르기]]
* [[알레르기 비염]]
* [[만성 폐쇄성 폐질환]] (COPD)
* 장기간 [[알코올 의존증]]
* [[쿠싱 증후군]]
* 코 안에 타오르는 화학물질 노출
* [[뇌졸중]]
* [[뇌전증]]
* 머리, 목의 방사선 치료
* [[신장병]]
* [[파킨슨병]]<ref name="Doty1988">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Doty RL, Deems DA, Stellar S | title = Olfactory dysfunction in parkinsonism: a general deficit unrelated to neurologic signs, disease stage, or disease duration | journal = Neurology | volume = 38 | issue = 8 | pages = 1237–44 | date = August 1988 | pmid = 3399075 | doi = 10.1212/WNL.38.8.1237 | s2cid = 3009692 }}</ref>
* [[알츠하이머병]]<ref name="Murphy1988">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Murphy C | title = Loss of olfactory function in dementing disease | journal = Physiology & Behavior | volume = 66 | issue = 2 | pages = 177–82 | date = April 1999 | pmid = 10336141 | doi = 10.1016/S0031-9384(98)00262-5 | s2cid = 26110446 }}</ref>
* 독성 (특히 [[아크릴산염]], [[메타크릴산염]]<ref name="Schwartz">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Schwartz BS, Doty RL, Monroe C, Frye R, Barker S | title = Olfactory function in chemical workers exposed to acrylate and methacrylate vapors | journal = American Journal of Public Health | volume = 79 | issue = 5 | pages = 613–8 | date = May 1989 | pmid = 2784947 | pmc = 1349504 | doi = 10.2105/AJPH.79.5.613 }}</ref>, [[카드뮴]]<ref name="Rose1992">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Rose CS, Heywood PG, Costanzo RM | title = Olfactory impairment after chronic occupational cadmium exposure | journal = Journal of Occupational Medicine. | volume = 34 | issue = 6 | pages = 600–5 | date = June 1992 | pmid = 1619490 }}</ref><ref name="Rydzewski1998">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Rydzewski B, Sułkowski W, Miarzyńska M | title = Olfactory disorders induced by cadmium exposure: a clinical study | journal = International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 235–45 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9844306 }}</ref>)
* 노년<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Doty RL, Shaman P, Applebaum SL, Giberson R, Siksorski L, Rosenberg L | title = Smell identification ability: changes with age | journal = Science | volume = 226 | issue = 4681 | pages = 1441–3 | date = December 1984 | pmid = 6505700 | doi = 10.1126/science.6505700 | bibcode = 1984Sci...226.1441D }}</ref>
* [[칼만 증후군]]
* [[카드뮴 중독]]
* [[조현병]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Rupp CI, Fleischhacker WW, Kemmler G, Kremser C, Bilder RM, Mechtcheriakov S, Szeszko PR, Walch T, Scholtz AW, Klimbacher M, Maier C, Albrecht G, Lechner-Schoner T, Felber S, Hinterhuber H | display-authors = 6 | title = Olfactory functions and volumetric measures of orbitofrontal and limbic regions in schizophrenia | journal = Schizophrenia Research | volume = 74 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 149–61 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15721995 | doi = 10.1016/j.schres.2004.07.010 | s2cid = 11026266 }}</ref>
* [[레프숨병]]
* [[유육종증]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Kieff DA, Boey H, Schaefer PW, Goodman M, Joseph MP | title = Isolated neurosarcoidosis presenting as anosmia and visual changes | journal = Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery | volume = 117 | issue = 6 | pages = S183-6 | date = December 1997 | pmid = 9419143 | doi = 10.1016/S0194-5998(97)70097-4 }}</ref>
* [[뇌동맥류]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Eriksen KD, Bøge-Rasmussen T, Kruse-Larsen C | title = Anosmia following operation for cerebral aneurysms in the anterior circulation | journal = Journal of Neurosurgery | volume = 72 | issue = 6 | pages = 864–5 | date = June 1990 | pmid = 2338570 | doi = 10.3171/jns.1990.72.6.0864 }}</ref>
* [[다발성 맥관염 동반 육아종]]
* [[원발성 아메바성 수막뇌염]]
* [[중증 근무력증]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Leon-Sarmiento FE, Bayona EA, Bayona-Prieto J, Osman A, Doty RL | title = Profound olfactory dysfunction in myasthenia gravis | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 10 | pages = e45544 | year = 2012 | pmid = 23082113 | pmc = 3474814 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0045544 | bibcode = 2012PLoSO...745544L }}</ref>
* [[사교상]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Churchman A, O'Leary MA, Buckley NA, Page CB, Tankel A, Gavaghan C, Holdgate A, Brown SG, Isbister GK | display-authors = 6 | title = Clinical effects of red-bellied black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) envenoming and correlation with venom concentrations: Australian Snakebite Project (ASP-11) | journal = The Medical Journal of Australia | volume = 193 | issue = 11–12 | pages = 696–700 | date = December 2010 | pmid = 21143062 | doi = 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb04108.x | s2cid = 15915175 | url = https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2010/193/11/clinical-effects-red-bellied-black-snake-pseudechis-porphyriacus-envenoming-and }}</ref>

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[무미각증]]

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
{{Medical resources
| Field = [[신경학]]
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|43|0|r|40}}
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|781.1}}
| MeshID = D000857
}}

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:신경계 질환]]
[[분류:후각계]]