{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
[[요한 제바스티안 바흐]]의 '''마니피캇''', [[BWV]]&nbsp;243은 성서 찬가 [[마니피캇]]의 음악적 설정이다. 5개의 보컬 파트(소프라노 2개, 알토, 테너, 베이스)와 트럼펫과 팀파니를 포함한 바로크 오케스트라로 구성되어 있다. 그것은 바흐의 라틴어 텍스트에 대한 첫 번째 주요 전례 구성이다.

1723년 [[라이프치히]] 에서 칸토르로 자리를 잡은 후 바흐는 마니피캇의 텍스트를 [[내림마장조]] 12[[악장 (악곡의 부분)|악장]] 구성으로 설정했다. [[크리스마스]] 공연을 위해 그는 그 축제와 관련된 4개의 ''찬송가''를 삽입했다. 크리스마스 보간을 포함한 이 버전은 [[BWV|바흐 작품 카탈로그]] 에서 243.1(이전에는 243a)이라는 번호를 받았다.<ref>Work {{BDW|0303}} at [[바흐 디지털|Bach Digital]] website.</ref>

== 역사 ==
라이프치히에서 마니피캇은 정기적으로 [[예수의 성전 봉헌|일요일]] 예배의 일부였으며, 평범한 일요일에는 독일어로, 성탄절, [[부활절]], [[오순절]]에는 더 정교하게 라틴어로 불렀다.{{Sfn|Jones|2013}}

그리스어와 독일어가 혼합된 본문( BWV 233a )에 대한 [[자비송]]의 초기 설정을 제외하고,<ref>Work {{BDW|0292}} at [[바흐 디지털|Bach Digital]] website</ref><ref>{{IMSLP}}</ref> 라틴어로 된 바흐의 모든 알려진 전례 작곡은 1723년부터 그가 죽을 때까지 [[라이프치히]]에서 칸토르로 재직하는 동안 작곡되었다.

== 구조 ==
바흐의 마니피캇은 누가 복음 1:46–55의 텍스트에 대한 11개의 악장으로 구성되어 있으며 12번째 [[영광송]] 악장으로 마무리된다. 찬가의 각 절은 3악장의 소프라노 솔로로 시작하여 4악장의 합창으로 끝나는 48절(Magnificat의 3절)을 제외하고는 하나의 악장으로 지정된다. 중세 후기부터 작곡가들이 사용했던 마니피카트의 전통적 구분은 12절로 되어 있는데, 바흐의 12악장과는 전통적인 구분에서 누가의 48절이 1절인 반면 송영은 2절로 구분된다는 점에서 차이가 있다. {{Sfn|Porter|2008}}

마니피캇의 연주 시간은 일반적으로 25분에서 30분 사이이며<ref>E.g. [http://www.arkivmusic.com/classical/album.jsp?album_id=11247 Hickox/Collegium Musicum 90 (1992):] {{웨이백|url=http://www.arkivmusic.com/classical/album.jsp?album_id=11247 |date=20210306001539 }} 27'14"</ref> 크리스마스 보간을 위해 5분이 추가된다.<ref>E.g. [http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/music/magnificat-including-four-christmas-interpolations-bwv-243a-johann-sebastian-bach Dudamel/LA Phil:] {{웨이백|url=http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/music/magnificat-including-four-christmas-interpolations-bwv-243a-johann-sebastian-bach |date=20180126045048 }} 32 minutes</ref> 크리스마스 찬송가가 없는 버전의 길이는 평균적인 [[바흐 칸타타]]의 길이와 비슷하다. 그러나 많은 차이점이 있다. 마니피캇에는 평균적인 칸타타보다 약 두 배 많은 악장이 포함되어 있으며 아리아에서 [[다 카포|다 카포]]를 피하고 암송이 전혀 없다. {{Sfn|Hogwood|2011}} 또한 텍스트는 라틴어(바흐 칸타타의 일반적인 언어가 아님)로 되어 있고, 일반적인 칸타타의 상당히 단순한 구조와 달리 악장의 구조는 상당히 복잡하며, 합창 작문은 5개 부분으로 구성되어 있다.{{Sfn|Jones|2013}}

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 참고 자료 ==
{{참고 자료 시작|2|indent=yes}}
* {{웹 인용|url=https://www.amazon.com/Bach-Magnificat-Buxtehude-Musicians-Gundermann/dp/B003ZJADZK|title=Bach: Magnificat – Buxtehude: Magnificat anima mea. (Sleeve)|publisher=Amazon|access-date=17 July 2014|ref={{sfnRef|Rilling}}}}
* [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach, Johann Sebastian]]. Magnificat in E-flat&nbsp;major.
** (1720–1739) Autograph: [http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalSource_source_00000859 Magnificat E-flat&nbsp;major and Christmas hymns] (Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz, D-B Mus. ms. Bach P 38, at {{url|www.bach-digital.de}}) Note: Virga Jesse incomplete
** (1811) {{서적 인용|title=Magnificat à cinque voci, due violini, due oboe, tre trombi, tamburi, basson, viola e basso continuo|year=1811|editor-last=Pölchau|editor-first=Georg|edition=1st|publisher=[[N. Simrock]]|location=Bonn|oclc=68145446|ref={{harvid|Simrock|1811}}}} First edition of the Magnificat score, E-flat&nbsp;major version, without the Christmas hymns.
** (1862) [[scores:Magnificat in E-flat major, BWV 243a (Bach, Johann Sebastian)|Von Himmel hoch (SATB) / Freut euch und jubiliert (SSAT, continuo) / Gloria (SSATB with colla parte instruments & violino obligato) / Virga Jesse (fragment – S, B, continuo)]]. Bach-Gesellschaft Ausgabe, Volume 11.1, Appendix. Edited by Wilhelm Rust. Leipzig: [[Breitkopf & Härtel]]
** (1959) ''Magnificat Es-dur: Herausgegeben von [[Alfred Dürr]]'', Taschenpartituren No. 58. Bärenreiter, 1959.
** (2014a) {{웹 인용|url=https://www.baerenreiter.com/fileadmin/Domain/User/Download_Allgemein/Werbemittel/deutsch/SPA481_Chor_2014_15_oPr_web.pdf|title=Magnificat Es-Dur BWV&nbsp;243a (mit den vier Einlagesätzen: Vom Himmel hoch / Freut euch und jubilieret / Gloria in excelsis / Virga Jesse floruit). Für Soli (SSATB), Chor (SSATB), Orchester und Orgel (lat). Nach dem Urtext der Neuen Bach-Ausgabe. Ed. A. Dürr.|year=2014a|publisher=[[Bärenreiter]]|page=3|language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015224439/https://www.baerenreiter.com/fileadmin/Domain/User/Download_Allgemein/Werbemittel/deutsch/SPA481_Chor_2014_15_oPr_web.pdf|archive-date=15 October 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=22 September 2014|ref={{sfnRef|Bärenreiter|2014a}}}}
* [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach, Johann Sebastian]]. Magnificat in D&nbsp;major.
** ({{Circa}} 1732–1735) Autograph: Berlin, [[Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin]] – Preußischer Kulturbesitz, D-B Mus. ms. Bach P 39:
*** {{웹 인용|url=http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalSource_source_00000860|title=Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz : D-B Mus. ms. Bach P 39|work=Bach digital|access-date=18 November 2014}} Manuscript of BWV&nbsp;243.2 at {{url|www.bach-digital.de}}
*** [[scores:Magnificat in D&nbsp;major, BWV 243 (Bach, Johann Sebastian)|Composer's Manuscript]] at [[IMSLP]]
** (1841) ''Magnificat in D-Dur : Klavierauszug'', edited by Robert Franz. Breslau: Leuckart.
** (1862) Bach-Gesellschaft Ausgabe, Band 11.1. ''[[scores:Magnificat in D major, BWV 243 (Bach, Johann Sebastian)|Magnificat D dur]] und vier Sanctus'', edited by Wilhelm Rust. Leipzig: [[Breitkopf & Härtel]].
** (1864) [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044040189433#view=1up;seq=86 ''Magnificat (in D-dur) bearbeitet von Robert Franz'']. Leipzig: Leuckart
** (1874) ''Magnificat in D, in vocal score with an accompaniment for the organ or pianoforte – The adaptation to English words by J. Troutbeck''. Novello's Original Octavo Edition. Novello, Ewer and Co.
** (1895) ''Magnificat in D dur: Klavierauszug von Salomon Jadassohn''. Leipzig: Breitkopf und Härtel
** {{위키인용|ref={{harvid|Schering|1924}}|reference=(1924) [[scores:Magnificat in D major, BWV 243 (Bach, Johann Sebastian)|Magnificat]], edited by [[Arnold Schering]]. Ernst Eulenburg and Edition Peters.}}
** ({{Circa}} 1956) Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Werke, Series 2: Messen, Passionen und oratorische Werke, Volume 3: ''Magnificat D-dur BWV&nbsp;243: Klavierauszug'' (Eduard Müller). Kassel (etc.): Bärenreiter.
** ({{Circa}} 1956) ''Magnificat D-Dur, BWV&nbsp;243''. Urtext of the New Bach Edition ([[Alfred Dürr]]). Foreword by the editor in German. English translation by Hans Ferdinand Redlich. For solo voices (SSATB), chorus (SSATB) and orchestra. Parts for: fl1, fl2, ob1, ob2, bsn1, tpt1, tpt2, tpt3, timp. – organ – strings (3,3,2,2). Duration: 30 min.
** (1959) ''[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015069375619 Magnificat in D&nbsp;major, BWV&nbsp;243]'' Urtext edition taken from: J.S. Bach, Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Werke, Series II, Vol. 3: Magnificat (Alfred Dürr). Preface in German with English translation by Hans Ferdinand Redlich, [[Jeremy Noble (musicologist)|Jeremy Noble]] and J. Bradford Robinson. Kassel / New York : Bärenreiter. 11th printing, 2005.
** (2014b) {{웹 인용|url=https://www.baerenreiter.com/fileadmin/Domain/User/Download_Allgemein/Werbemittel/deutsch/SPA481_Chor_2014_15_oPr_web.pdf|title=Magnificat D-Dur BWV&nbsp;243 (mit den vier Einlagesätzen aus der Es-Dur-Fassung BWV&nbsp;243a, transponiert) für Soli (SSATB), Chor (SSATB), Orchester und Orgel (lat). Nach dem Urtext der Neuen Bach-Ausgabe. Ed. A. Dürr|year=2014b|publisher=[[Bärenreiter]]|page=3|language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015224439/https://www.baerenreiter.com/fileadmin/Domain/User/Download_Allgemein/Werbemittel/deutsch/SPA481_Chor_2014_15_oPr_web.pdf|archive-date=15 October 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=22 September 2014|ref={{sfnRef|Bärenreiter|2014b}}}}
* [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach, Johann Sebastian]]. Magnificat in E-flat&nbsp;major and Magnificat in D&nbsp;major (published together)
** {{서적 인용|title=Magnificat: erste Fassung in Es-Dur BWV&nbsp;243a, zweite Fassung in D-Dur BWV&nbsp;243|last=Bach|first=Johann Sebastian|year=1955|editor=[[Alfred Dürr]]|series=Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Werke, Series 2: Messen, Passionen und oratorische Werke|volume=3|publisher=Bärenreiter|location=Kassel|author-mask=0}}
** (2000) {{웹 인용|url=http://www.neiljenkins.info/documents/magnificatind.pdf|title=Bach Magnificat in D & E flat BWV&nbsp;243 & 243a / (Novello edition ed. N. Jenkins)|last=Jenkins|first=Neil|year=2000|publisher=neiljenkins.info/|pages=1–6|access-date=23 September 2014}}
* [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach, Johann Sebastian]]. {{웹 인용|url=http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000054?lang=en|title=Brich dem Hungrigen dein Brot BWV 39; BC A 96 / Cantata|year=1967|publisher=[[Leipzig University]]|access-date=16 June 2014|ref={{sfnRef|Digital}}}}
* {{웹 인용|url=http://www.choirs.org.uk/prognotes/Rutter%20-%20Magnificat.htm|title=Magnificat – John Rutter (b. 1945)|last=Bawden|first=John|publisher=choirs.org.uk|access-date=7 September 2014}}
* {{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zi8E8bZ5ZuUC&pg=PA53|title=J. S. Bach's Concerted Ensemble Music, the Concerto|last=Butler|first=Gregory|year=2008|series=Bach perspectives|volume=7|publisher=University of Illinois Press|page=53|isbn=978-0-252-03165-6}}
* {{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_ze1USAlygC&pg=PT260|title=J.-S. Bach : Passions, messes, motets|last=Cantagrel|first=Gilles|author-link=Gilles Cantagrel|year=2011|publisher=[[Fayard]]|page=260|language=fr|isbn=978-2-213-66547-4}}
* {{웹 인용|url=http://emmanuelmusic.org/notes_translations/translations_cantata/t_bwv243a.htm|title=Bach Cantata Translations / BWV&nbsp;243a – "Magnificat" (E-flat&nbsp;Major)|last=Dellal|first=Pamela|author-link=Pamela Dellal|publisher=[[Emmanuel Music]]|확인날짜=2023-03-24|archive-date=2020-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130210546/http://www.emmanuelmusic.org/notes_translations/translations_cantata/t_bwv243a.htm|url-status=}}
* {{서적 인용|url=http://anglicanhistory.org/liturgy/clarke_evensong.html|title=Evensong Explained, with Notes on Matins and the Litany|last=Lowther Clarke|first=W.K.|year=1922|publisher=S.P.C.K.|via=[[Project Canterbury]]}}
*{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x8ahAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|title=Tonus Peregrinus: The History of a Psalm-tone and its use in Polyphonic Music|last=Lundberg|first=Mattias|year=2012|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-5507-3}}
*{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ASsWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1|title=Mittheilungen über Johann Sebastian Bach's "Magnificat"|last=Franz|first=Robert|author-link=Robert Franz|year=1863|publisher=H. Karmrodt}}
*{{저널 인용|title=Bachs Es-Dur-Magnificat BWV&nbsp;243a – eine genuine Weihnachtsmusik?|journal=Bach-Jahrbuch|last=Glöckner|first=Andreas|author-link=Andreas Glöckner|url=http://bach.rz.uni-leipzig.de/index.php?id=1246|year=2003|volume=89|pages=37–45|doi=10.13141/bjb.v20031781|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016212936/http://bach.rz.uni-leipzig.de/index.php?id=1246|archive-date=2014-10-16|url-status=dead}}
*{{서적 인용|url=https://journals.qucosa.de/ejournals/bjb/issue/view/170|title=Bach-Jahrbuch 2009|last1=Glöckner|first1=Andreas|date=2009|editor1-last=Wollny|editor1-first=Peter|editor1-link=Peter Wollny|series=[[Bach-Jahrbuch]]|volume=95|publisher=[[Evangelische Verlagsanstalt]]|location=Leipzig|pages=95–115|language=de|trans-title=Bach Yearbook 2009|chapter=Ein weiterer Kantatenjahrgang Gottfried Heinrich Stölzels in Bachs Aufführungsrepertoire?|trans-chapter=Is there another cantata cycle by Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel that belonged to Bach’s performance repertoire?|others=[[Neue Bachgesellschaft]]|doi=10.13141/bjb.v2009|isbn=978-3-374-02749-1|issn=0084-7682|chapter-url=https://journals.qucosa.de/ejournals/bjb/article/view/1861}}
* {{웹 인용|url=http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/keep-it-short|title=Keep it Short: J S Bach Magnificat|last=Hogwood|first=Christopher|author-link=Christopher Hogwood|year=2011}} [[Gresham College]] lecture.
*{{서적 인용|title=Passie in de polder: Het begin van de Nederlandse Bach-traditie in de negentiende eeuw|last=Jansen|first=Frans|date=2006|publisher=Universiteit Utrecht|trans-title=Passion on the Polder: The start of the Netherlands Bach Tradition in the nineteenth century|lang=ne}}
* {{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YwzAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|title=The Creative Development of Johann Sebastian Bach, Volume II: 1717–1750: Music to Delight the Spirit|last=Jones|first=Richard D. P.|author-link=Richard D. P. Jones|year=2013|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|pages=131–136|isbn=978-0-19-969628-4}}
*{{서적 인용|url=https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_1N05AAAAIAAJ#page/n403/mode/2up|title=Führer durch den Konzertsaal|last=Kretzschmar|first=Hermann|author-link=Hermann Kretzschmar|date=1921|edition=5th|series=Part II, Volume 1: Kirchliche Werke|publisher=[[Breitkopf & Härtel]]|trans-title=|lang=de}}
*{{서적 인용|title=Bach Studies|last=Marshall|first=Robert L.|year=1989a|editor-last=Don O.|editor-first=Franklin|volume=1|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=3–17|chapter=On the origin of Bach's ''Magnificat'': a Lutheran composer's challenge|isbn=978-0-521-34105-9|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lT09AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA3}}
* {{웹 인용|url=http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Vocal/BWV243.htm|title=Magnificats BWV&nbsp;243 & BWV&nbsp;243a – Details|last=Oron|first=Aryeh|year=2012|work=Bach Cantatas|access-date=18 November 2014}}
* {{학위논문 인용|last=Porter|first=Christopher Michael|title=Salzburg W.B. XIV: Historical Context, Liturgical Significance and Critical Edition|type=[[Doctor of Musical Arts]] thesis|year=2008|oclc=1194734574}}
* {{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Rd8CwAAQBAJ|title=Bach's Major Vocal Works: Music, Drama, Liturgy|last=Rathey|first=M.|year=2016|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-21951-7}}
* {{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oVKHZaLFUkAC|title=Thine the Amen: Essays on Lutheran Church Music in Honor of Carl Schalk|last=Rimbach|first=Evangeline|year=2005|editor2=Carlos R. Messerli|publisher=Kirk House|pages=83–110|chapter=The Sacred Vocal Music of Johann Kuhnau|isbn=978-1-932688-11-5|editor1=Carl Schalk}}
* {{저널 인용|title=One Verse, Two Settings, and Three Strange Youths|journal=Gli Spazi della Musica|last=Rizzuti|first=Alberto|url=http://www.ojs.unito.it/index.php/spazidellamusica/article/download/447/354|year=2013|volume=2|issue=2|publisher=ojs.unito.it|format=PDF|issn=2240-7944|access-date=23 September 2014}}
* {{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xgzYae1n__EC&pg=PA279|title=Choral Repertoire|last=Shrock|first=D.|year=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-971662-3}}
* {{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYei4T1CpEsC&pg=PT70|title=Johann Sebastian Bach|last=Schröder|first=Dorothea|year=2012|publisher=C.H. Beck|isbn=978-0-19-969628-4}}
* [[Philipp Spitta|Spitta, Philipp]]. "Fünftes Buch: Leipziger Jahre von 1723–1734" in ''[[Spitta's Johann Sebastian Bach|Johann Sebastian Bach]]'', Zweiter Band. [[Breitkopf & Härtel]], 1880.
** [https://archive.org/stream/johsebbach02spit#page/n20/mode/1up "Fünftes Buch: Leipziger Jahre von 1723–1734" pp. 3–479] in ''[[Spitta's Johann Sebastian Bach|Johann Sebastian Bach]]'', Zweiter Band. Dritte unveränderte Auflage, Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1921.
**{{서적 인용|title=[[Johann Sebastian Bach: his work and influence on the music of Germany, 1685–1750]]|last=Spitta|first=Philipp|year=1884|volume=II|publisher=[[Novello & Co]]|location=London|pages=181–648|chapter=Book V: Leipzig, 1723–1734|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/johannsebastia02spit#page/181/mode/1up|translator1=Clara Bell|translator1-link=Clara Bell|translator2=John Alexander Fuller Maitland|translator2-link=John Alexander Fuller Maitland}}
* {{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ex6JR8JBYisC&pg=PA31|title=Choral Masterworks: A Listener's Guide|last=Steinberg|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Steinberg (music critic)|year=2005|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|pages=31–34|isbn=0-19-802921-7}}
*{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbT1AAAAQBAJ|title=Exploring Bach's B-minor Mass|last=Stockigt|first=Janice B.|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|chapter=Bach's ''Missa'' BWV&nbsp;232<sup>I</sup> in the context of Catholic Mass settings in Dresden, 1729-1733|isbn=978-1-107-00790-1|editor-last1=Tomita|editor-first1=Yo|editor-last2=Leaver|editor-first2=Robin A.|editor-last3=Smaczny|editor-first3=Jan}}
*{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UK-BkfXmh20C&pg=PA128|title=The Liturgy of the Hours in East and West: The Origins of the Divine Office and Its Meaning for Today|last=Taft|first=Robert F.|year=1986|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0-8146-1405-1}}
* {{서적 인용|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/22793/22793-h/22793-h.htm#c05|title=The Standard Oratorios: Their Stories, Their Music, And Their Composers|last=Upton|first=George P.|author-link=George Putnam Upton|year=1886|location=Chicago|pages=49–50|chapter=The Magnificat in D.}}
*{{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KZGOV-UnY-0C&pg=PR1|title=The Magnificat and the ''St. John Passion''|last=Schweitzer|first=Albert|author-link=Albert Schweitzer|year=1966|series=J. S. Bach|volume=2|publisher=Breitkopf & Härtel|pages=1–|orig-year=1911|isbn=978-0-486-21632-4}}
* {{서적 인용|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yMoC8CpRqnUC&pg=PA234|title=Die Bach-Rezeption des späten Beethoven: zum Verhältnis von Musikhistoriographie und Rezeptionsgeschichtsschreibung der "Klassik"|last=Zenck|first=Martin|year=1986|series=[[Archiv für Musikwissenschaft]]|volume=24|publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag|page=234|isbn=978-3-515-03312-1|issn=0570-6769}}
{{참고 자료 끝}}
{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:요한 제바스티안 바흐의 작품]]