{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{다른 뜻|산화 칼슘||'생석회'라 불리는 화합물}}
{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 476998783
| Name = 수산화 칼슘
| ImageFile1 = Calcium hydroxide.jpg
| ImageSize1 = 
| ImageName1 = Calcium hydroxide
| ImageFile2 = Mg(OH)2Xray.jpg
| IUPACName = Calcium hydroxide
| OtherNames = {{ubl
 | Slaked lime
 | Milk of lime
 | Calcium(II) hydroxide
 | Pickling lime
 | Hydrated lime
 | Portlandite
 | Calcium hydrate
 | Calcium dihydroxide
 }}
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 14094
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = PF5DZW74VN
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D01083
| InChI = 1/Ca.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 31341
| SMILES = [Ca+2].[OH-].[OH-]
| InChIKey = AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-NUQVWONBAD
| SMILES1 = [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2]
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/Ca.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L
| CASNo = 1305-62-0
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 14777
| EINECS = 215-13
| RTECS = EW2800000
| Gmelin = 846915
 }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>
| MolarMass = 74.093{{nbsp}}g/mol
| Appearance = White powder
| Odor = Odorless
| Density = 2.211{{nbsp}}g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid
| Solubility = {{ubl
 | 1.89{{nbsp}}g/L (0{{nbsp}}°C)
 | 1.73{{nbsp}}g/L (20{{nbsp}}°C)
 | 0.66{{nbsp}}g/L (100{{nbsp}}°C)
 }}
| SolubilityProduct = 5.5{{e|−6}}
| SolubleOther = {{ubl
 | Soluble in [[glycerol]] and [[acid]]s.
 | Insoluble in [[에탄올|alcohol]].
 }}
| MeltingPtC = 580
| MeltingPt_notes = (loses water, decomposes)
| pKb = 1.37 (first OH<sup>−</sup>), 2.43 (second OH<sup>−</sup>)<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.periodensystem-online.de/index.php?show=list&id=acid&prop=pKb-Werte&sel=oz&el=92|title=Sortierte Liste: pKb-Werte, nach Ordnungszahl sortiert. – Das Periodensystem online}}</ref><ref>[http://www.chembuddy.com/?left=BATE&right=dissociation_constants ChemBuddy dissociation constants pK<sub>a</sub> and pK<sub>b</sub>]</ref>
| RefractIndex = 1.574
| MagSus = −22.0·10<sup>−6</sup>{{nbsp}}cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
 }}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −987&nbsp;kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><ref name=b1>{{서적 인용| author = Zumdahl, Steven S.|title =Chemical Principles 6th Ed.| publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company| year = 2009| isbn = 978-0-618-94690-7|page=A21}}</ref>
| Entropy = 83&nbsp;J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup><ref name=b1 />
 }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = Hexagonal, [[Pearson symbol|hP3]]<ref>{{저널 인용|doi=10.1107/S0365110X61002771|title=The hydrogen positions in portlandite, Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, as indicated by the electron distribution|journal=Acta Crystallographica|volume=14|issue=9|pages=950–957|year=1961|last1=Petch|first1=H. E.}}</ref>
| SpaceGroup = P{{overline|3}}m1 No. 164
| Coordination =
| LattConst_a = 0.35853{{nbsp}}nm
| LattConst_b =
| LattConst_c = 0.4895{{nbsp}}nm
| LattConst_alpha =
| LattConst_beta =
| LattConst_gamma =
| MolShape =
| OrbitalHybridisation =
| Dipole = 
 }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS =<ref name="avantormaterials">{{웹 인용| url = http://www.avantormaterials.com/documents/MSDS/usa/English/C0407_msds_us_Default.pdf| title = MSDS Calcium hydroxide| accessdate = 2011-06-21| url-status = dead| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120325005938/http://www.avantormaterials.com/documents/MSDS/usa/English/C0407_msds_us_Default.pdf| archivedate = 25 March 2012}}</ref>
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}} {{GHS07}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|314|318|335|402}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|280|305+351+338}}
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-S =
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
| LD50 = 7340{{nbsp}}mg/kg (oral, rat) <br>7300{{nbsp}}mg/kg (mouse)
| PEL = TWA 15{{nbsp}}mg/m<sup>3</sup> (total) 5{{nbsp}}mg/m<sup>3</sup> (resp.)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0092}}</ref>
| IDLH = N.D.<ref name=PGCH/>
| REL = TWA 5{{nbsp}}mg/m<sup>3</sup><ref name=PGCH/>
 }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions =
| OtherCations = [[Magnesium hydroxide]]<br/>[[Strontium hydroxide]]<br/>[[Barium hydroxide]]
| OtherFunction_label = [[base (chemistry)|base]]s
| OtherFunction = [[Calcium oxide]]
 }}
}}
'''수산화 칼슘'''({{llang|en|Calcium hydroxide}})은 Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>의 화학식을 가진 화합물이다. '''소석회''', '''가성석회'''라고 불린다. [[수산화기]]를 포함하고 있기 때문에 수용액 상에서 [[염기성]]을 띤다. 물에 잘 녹지는 않지만 [[이온화도]](해리성)가 높은 특성이 있기 때문에 물에 녹은 수산화 칼슘은 강한 염기성을 나타낸다.

강한 염기성을 이용하여 소석회. 즉, 수산화 칼슘이 들어간 비료를 사용하여 [[산성화]]된 토양을 중화시키는데 사용한다.

== 제조법 ==
=== 탄화 칼슘 가수분해법 ===
[[탄화 칼슘]](CaC<sub>2</sub>)를 [[가수분해]]시키면 [[아세틸렌]](C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>)과 수산화 칼슘(Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>)이 생성된다.
::[[탄화 칼슘|CaC<sub>2</sub>]] + 2 [[물|H<sub>2</sub>O]] → [[아세틸렌|C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>]] + Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> + 33.07[[칼로리|kcal]]/[[몰 (단위)|mole]]

=== 산화 칼슘 용해법 ===
[[산화 칼슘]](CaO)을 물과 반응시키면 물 분자 하나(H<sub>2</sub>O)와 반응하여 수산화 칼슘(Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>)이 생성된다.
::[[산화 칼슘|CaO]] + [[물|H<sub>2</sub>O]] → Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[시멘트]]
* [[플라스터]]
* [[수산화 마그네슘]]
== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* {{위키공용분류-줄}}

{{수산화물}}
{{전거 통제}}
{{토막글|화학}}

[[분류:칼슘 화합물]]
[[분류:수산화물]]
[[분류:무기 화합물]]
[[분류:건축재료]]
[[분류:치과재료학]]
[[분류:E 번호 첨가제]]