{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
'''[[니켈]]'''은 자연에서 <sup>58</sup>Ni, <sup>60</sup>Ni, <sup>61</sup>Ni, <sup>62</sup>Ni, <sup>64</sup>Ni 다섯 가지의 동위 원소로 구성되어 있으며, 이 중 <sup>58</sup>Ni이 68.077%로 가장 풍부하게 존재한다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/iso028.html|title=Isotopes of the Element Nickel|work=[http://education.jlab.org/ Science education]|publisher=[http://jlab.org/ Jefferson Lab]}}</ref> 이론적으로는 [[이중 베타 붕괴|이중 양의 베타 붕괴(β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>)]]를 통해 <sup>58</sup>[[철|Fe]]로 붕괴할 것으로 추정된다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=decay%20modes%20of%20Fe-58%20vs%20Ni-58&lk=2|title=decay modes of Fe-58 vs Ni-58|publisher=[[Wolfram Alpha]]}}</ref> 이 밖에 원자량 48~78 사이에 26가지의 [[방사성 동위 원소]]와 1가지의 [[이성질핵]]이 발견되었으며, 이들 중 가장 안정한 것은 반감기 약 76,000년의 <sup>59</sup>Ni, 반감기 100.1년의 <sup>63</sup>Ni, 반감기 6.077일의 <sup>56</sup>Ni이다. 이 밖의 동위 원소들은 모두 반감기가 60시간 미만이며, 대부분은 30초도 되지 않는다.

니켈의 표준 원자량은 58.6934(4)[[원자량 단위|u]]이다.<ref>[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic_weights4.htm Table of Standard Atomic Weights 2013 – CIAAW]</ref>


== 표 ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; white-space:nowrap"
! rowspan="2" | 핵종<br />기호
! Z([[양성자|p]])
! N([[중성자|n]])
! &nbsp;<br />동위 원소 질량 (u)<br />&nbsp;
! rowspan="2" | 반감기
! rowspan="2" | 붕괴<br />방식<ref>[http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx Nucleonica: Universal Nuclide Chart]</ref><ref group="n">약자:<br>IT: [[이성질핵 전이]]</ref>
! rowspan="2" | 붕괴<br />생성물<ref group="n">굵은 글꼴은 안정 동위 원소</ref>
! rowspan="2" | 핵<br />스핀
! rowspan="2" | 전형적<br />동위 원소<br />구성비<br />(몰 분율)
! rowspan="2" | 자연적<br />구성비<br />변동 범위<br />(몰 분율)
|-
! colspan="3" | 들뜬 에너지
|-
| <sup>48</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 20
| 48.01975(54)#
| 10# ms<br>[>500 ns]
|
|
| 0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>49</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 21
| 49.00966(43)#
| 13(4) ms<br>[12(+5-3) ms]
|
|
| 7/2-#
|
|
|-
| <sup>50</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 22
| 49.99593(28)#
| 9.1(18) ms
| [[베타 붕괴|β<sup>+</sup>]]
| <sup>50</sup>Co
| 0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>51</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 23
| 50.98772(28)#
| 30# ms<br>[>200 ns]
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>51</sup>Co
| 7/2-#
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>52</sup>Ni
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 28
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 24
| rowspan=2|51.97568(9)#
| rowspan=2|38(5) ms
| β<sup>+</sup> (83%)
| <sup>52</sup>Co
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|- 
| β<sup>+</sup>, [[양성자 방출|p]] (17%)
| <sup>51</sup>Fe
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>53</sup>Ni
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 28
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 25
| rowspan=2|52.96847(17)#
| rowspan=2|45(15) ms
| β<sup>+</sup> (55%)
| <sup>53</sup>Co
| rowspan=2|(7/2-)#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (45%)
| <sup>52</sup>Fe
|-
| <sup>54</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 26
| 53.95791(5)
| 104(7) ms
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>54</sup>Co
| 0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>55</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 27
| 54.951330(12)
| 204.7(17) ms
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>55</sup>Co
| 7/2-
|
|
|-
| <sup>56</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| 55.942132(12)
| 6.075(10) d
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>56</sup>Co
| 0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>57</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| 56.9397935(19)
| 35.60(6) h
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>57</sup>Co
| 3/2-
|
|
|-
| <sup>58</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 30
| 57.9353429(7)
| colspan=3 align=center|관찰상 안정<ref group="n">이론적으로는 최소 7×10<sup>1300</sup>년의 반감기를 거쳐 [[이중 베타 붕괴]]를 통해 '''<sup>58</sup>Fe'''로 붕괴할 것으로 추정되나 실제로 관찰된 적은 없다.</ref>
| 0+
| 0.680769(89)
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | <sup>59</sup>Ni
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 28
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 31
| rowspan=2 | 58.9343467(7)
| rowspan=2 | 7.6(5)×10<sup>4</sup> a
| [[전자 포획|ε]] (99%)
| rowspan=2 | '''<sup>59</sup>Co'''
| rowspan=2 | 3/2-
| rowspan=2 | 
| rowspan=2 | 
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (1.5x10<sup>-5</sup>%)<ref>http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1026214310645#page-2</ref>
|-
| <sup>60</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| 59.9307864(7)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''안정'''
| 0+
| 0.262231(77)
|
|-
| <sup>61</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 33
| 60.9310560(7)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''안정'''
| 3/2-
| 0.011399(6)
|
|-
| [[니켈-62|<sup>62</sup>Ni]]<ref group="n">모든 동위 원소 중 핵자의 [[결합 에너지]]가 가장 높은 동위 원소이다.</ref>
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 34
| 61.9283451(6)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''안정'''
| 0+
| 0.036345(17)
|
|-
| <sup>63</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 35
| 62.9296694(6)
| 100.1(20) a
| β<sup>-</sup>
| '''<sup>63</sup>Cu'''
| 1/2-
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>63m</sup>Ni
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 87.15(11) keV
| 1.67(3) µs
|
|
| 5/2-
|
|
|-
| <sup>64</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 36
| 63.9279660(7)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''안정'''
| 0+
| 0.009256(9)
|
|-
| <sup>65</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| 64.9300843(7)
| 2.5172(3) h
| β<sup>-</sup>
| '''<sup>65</sup>Cu'''
| 5/2-
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>65m</sup>Ni
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 63.37(5) keV
| 69(3) µs
|
|
| 1/2-
|
|
|-
| <sup>66</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 38
| 65.9291393(15)
| 54.6(3) h
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>66</sup>Cu
| 0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>67</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 39
| 66.931569(3)
| 21(1) s
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>67</sup>Cu
| 1/2-
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>67m</sup>Ni
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1007(3) keV
| rowspan=2|13.3(2) µs
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>67</sup>Cu
| rowspan=2|9/2+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| [[이성질핵 전이|IT]]
| <sup>67</sup>Ni
|-
| <sup>68</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| 67.931869(3)
| 29(2) s
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>68</sup>Cu
| 0+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>68m1</sup>Ni
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1770.0(10) keV
| 276(65) ns
|
|
| 0+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>68m2</sup>Ni
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2849.1(3) keV
| 860(50) µs
|
|
| 5-
|
|
|-
| <sup>69</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| 68.935610(4)
| 11.5(3) s
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>69</sup>Cu
| 9/2+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>69m1</sup>Ni
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 321(2) keV
| rowspan=2|3.5(4) s
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>69</sup>Cu
| rowspan=2|(1/2-)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| IT
| <sup>69</sup>Ni
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>69m2</sup>Ni
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2701(10) keV
| 439(3) ns
|
|
| (17/2-)
|
|
|-
| <sup>70</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 42
| 69.93650(37)
| 6.0(3) s
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>70</sup>Cu
| 0+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>70m</sup>Ni
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2860(2) keV
| 232(1) ns
|
|
| 8+
|
|
|-
| <sup>71</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 43
| 70.94074(40)
| 2.56(3) s
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>71</sup>Cu
| 1/2-#
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>72</sup>Ni
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 28
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 44
| rowspan=2|71.94209(47)
| rowspan=2|1.57(5) s
| β<sup>-</sup> (>99.9%)
| <sup>72</sup>Cu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup>, [[중성자 방출|n]] (<.1%)
| <sup>71</sup>Cu
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>73</sup>Ni
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 28
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 45
| rowspan=2|72.94647(32)#
| rowspan=2|0.84(3) s
| β<sup>-</sup> (>99.9%)
| <sup>73</sup>Cu
| rowspan=2|(9/2+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup>, n (<.1%)
| <sup>72</sup>Cu
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>74</sup>Ni
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 28
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46
| rowspan=2|73.94807(43)#
| rowspan=2|0.68(18) s
| β<sup>-</sup> (>99.9%)
| <sup>74</sup>Cu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup>, n (<.1%)
| <sup>73</sup>Cu
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>75</sup>Ni
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 28
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47
| rowspan=2|74.95287(43)#
| rowspan=2|0.6(2) s
| β<sup>-</sup> (98.4%)
| <sup>75</sup>Cu
| rowspan=2|(7/2+)#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup>, n (1.6%)
| <sup>74</sup>Cu
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>76</sup>Ni
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 28
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 48
| rowspan=2|75.95533(97)#
| rowspan=2|470(390) ms<br>[0.24(+55-24) s]
| β<sup>-</sup> (>99.9%)
| <sup>76</sup>Cu
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>-</sup>, n (<.1%)
| <sup>75</sup>Cu
|-
| <sup>77</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 49
| 76.96055(54)#
| 300# ms<br>[>300 ns]
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>77</sup>Cu
| 9/2+#
|
|
|-
| <sup>78</sup>Ni
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| 77.96318(118)#
| 120# ms<br>[>300 ns]
| β<sup>-</sup>
| <sup>78</sup>Cu
| 0+
|
|
|}

== 각주 ==
<references/>
; 내용주
<references group="n" />

{{동위 원소 색인}}

[[분류:니켈|동위 원소]]
[[분류:니켈 동위 원소| ]]
[[분류:원소별 동위 원소 목록]]