{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
[[파일:Peru-demography.svg|섬네일|354x354픽셀|1950-2017 페루의 인구. 단위는 백만 명.]]
[[파일:Peru_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png|대체글=|섬네일|350x350픽셀|2020년 페루의 인구 피라미드]]

== 인구학적 동향 ==
유엔에 따르면, 2019년 기준 [[페루]]의 인구는 3250만 명이다. 페루의 인구는 1950년 777.7만 명에서 2021년까지 줄 곧 성장해왔으며, 연간 평균 인구 성장률은 1965-1970년 2.8%에서 2015-2020년 1.6%로 낮아졌다. 연간 평균 합계출산율은 1950-1955년 6.95명으로 매우 높았으나, 다른 주변국들처럼 출산율이 점차 낮아졌으며, 2015-2020년 기준으로는 2.27명이다. 2019년 2.00명, 2020년 1.90명으로 대체출산율 2.1을 밑돌아, 저출산 현상이 나타나기 시작했다.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="7" |연도별 페루의 인구<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?q=peru&d=PopDiv&f=variableID%3a12%3bcrID%3a604|제목=Total population, both sexes combined (thousands)|성=United Nations Population Division|날짜=2019-06-17|확인날짜=2021-07-21}}</ref>
|-
!1950
!1970
!1990
!2000
!2005
!2010
!2015
|-
|777.7만 명
|↗1346만 명
|↗2207.1만 명
|↗2646만 명
|↗2786만 명
|↗2902.8만 명
|↗3047.1만 명
|}
'''2019년 유엔 인구 통계'''

총인구: 3250만 명

15세 미만 인구: 25.3%

15~24세 인구: 15.9%

25~64세 인구: 50.4%

65세 이상 인구: 8.4%

노인 부양 가능 인구(65세 이상 노인 1명당 25~64세 노동 인구): 6.0명

인구 성장률: 1.5%

조출생률(인구 1000명당): 17.8명

합계출산율: 2.23명

조사망률(인구 1000명당): 5.6명

영아사망률(1살 미만 1000명당): 12명

유아사망률(5세 미만 1000명당): 15명

출생시 기대수명: 76.7세

== 인구 통계 ==
[[파일:Peru_-_Population_by_region_or_department_(2007).svg|오른쪽|섬네일|427x427픽셀|페루의 지역별 인구분포]]
{{Historical populations|1940|15=2018 (예측치)|type=|24=40373420|23=2050 (예측치)|22=36530592|21=2030 (예측치)|20=34817495|19=2025 (예측치)|18=32950901|17=2020 (예측치)|16=32162184|14=31237385|7023111|13=2017|12=28220764|11=2007|10=22639443|9=1993|8=17762231|7=1981|6=14121564|5=1972|4=10420357|1961|footnote=출처:<ref>{{웹 인용|title=Población y Vivienda|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/estadisticas/indice-tematico/poblacion-y-vivienda/|website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática INEI|access-date=27 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="INEI est">{{웹 인용|title=El Perú tiene una población de 31 millones 488 mil 625 habitantes|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/prensa/noticias/el-peru-tiene-una-poblacion-de-31-millones-488-mil-625-habitantes-9196/|website=www.inei.gob.pe|publisher=INEI|language=es|date=11 July 2016}}</ref>}}

=== 1950-2015 유엔의 연간 출생 및 사망 추계 ===
연간 평균 기준. 출처는 유엔.<ref name="WPP 2015">{{웹 인용|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/|title=World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations|website=esa.un.org|access-date=October 4, 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! width="70pt" |기간
! width="70pt" |출생아 수
! width="70pt" |사망자 수
! width="70pt" |자연 증감
! width="70pt" |조출생률
! width="70pt" |조사망률
! width="70pt" |자연 증감률
! width="70pt" |합계출산율
! width="70pt" |영아 사망률
|-
|1950–1955
|{{val|394000}}
|{{val|179000}}
|{{val|215000}}
|47.8
|21.7
|26.1
|6.95
|164
|-
|1955–1960
|{{val|446000}}
|{{val|187000}}
|{{val|259000}}
|47.3
|19.8
|27.5
|6.95
|152
|-
|1960–1965
|{{val|506000}}
|{{val|191000}}
|{{val|315000}}
|46.7
|17.6
|29.1
|6.95
|138
|-
|1965–1970
|{{val|552000}}
|{{val|195000}}
|{{val|357000}}
|44.3
|15.7
|28.6
|6.70
|128
|-
|1970–1975
|{{val|577000}}
|{{val|182000}}
|{{val|395000}}
|40.4
|12.7
|27.7
|6.00
|111
|-
|1975–1980
|{{val|623000}}
|{{val|177000}}
|{{val|446000}}
|38.3
|10.9
|27.4
|5.40
|99
|-
|1980–1985
|{{val|628000}}
|{{val|167000}}
|{{val|461000}}
|34.0
|9.1
|24.9
|4.65
|82
|-
|1985–1990
|{{val|654000}}
|{{val|161000}}
|{{val|493000}}
|31.6
|7.8
|23.8
|4.10
|68
|-
|1990–1995
|{{val|658000}}
|{{val|157000}}
|{{val|501000}}
|28.7
|6.9
|21.8
|3.57
|48
|-
|1995–2000
|{{val|635000}}
|{{val|152000}}
|{{val|483000}}
|25.4
|6.1
|19.3
|3.10
|39
|-
|2000–2005
|{{val|615000}}
|{{val|150000}}
|{{val|465000}}
|22.4
|5.4
|17.0
|2.72
|30
|-
|2005–2010
|{{val|608000}}
|{{val|158000}}
|{{val|450000}}
|21.9
|5.3
|16.6
|2.68
|21
|-
|2010–2015
|{{val|619000}}
|{{val|171000}}
|{{val|448000}}
|19.2
|5.3
|13.9
|2.40
|16
|}

=== 1999-현재 출생 및 사망 통계<ref>https://www.inei.gob.pe/estadisticas/indice-tematico/poblacion-y-vivienda/</ref> ===
{| class="wikitable"
! width="70" |연도
! width="70" |인구
! width="70" |출생아 수
! width="70" |사망자 수
! width="70" |자연 증감
! width="70" |조출생률
! width="70" |조사망률
! width="70" |자연 증감률
! width="70" |합계출산율
|-
| align="right" |1999
| align="right" |
| align="right" |642,874
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" |2000
| align="right" |25,983,588
| align="right" |636,064
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.90</span>
|-
| align="right" |2001
| align="right" |26,366,533
| align="right" |630,947
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" |2002
| align="right" |26,739,379
| align="right" |626,714
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" |2003
| align="right" |27,103,457
| align="right" |623,521
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" |2004
| align="right" |27,460,073
| align="right" |620,991
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.56</span>
|-
| align="right" |2005
| align="right" |27,810,540
| align="right" |611,459
| align="right" |103,207
| align="right" |508,252
| align="right" |22.0
| align="right" |3.7
| align="right" |18.3
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.56</span>
|-
| align="right" |2006
| align="right" |28,151,443
| align="right" |637,974
| align="right" |105,074
| align="right" |532,900
| align="right" |22.7
| align="right" |3.7
| align="right" |18.9
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.56</span>
|-
| align="right" |2007
| align="right" |28,481,901
| align="right" |663,056
| align="right" |107,249
| align="right" |555,807
| align="right" |23.3
| align="right" |3.8
| align="right" |19.5
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.56</span>
|-
| align="right" |2008
| align="right" |28,807,034
| align="right" |679,122
| align="right" |108,100
| align="right" |571,022
| align="right" |23.6
| align="right" |3.8
| align="right" |19.8
| align="right" |
|-
| align="right" |2009
| align="right" |29,132,013
| align="right" |660,716
| align="right" |110,811
| align="right" |549,905
| align="right" |22.7
| align="right" |3.8
| align="right" |18.9
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.60</span>
|-
| align="right" |2010
| align="right" |29,461,933
| align="right" |637,902
| align="right" |108,178
| align="right" |529,724
| align="right" |21.7
| align="right" |3.7
| align="right" |18.0
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.50</span>
|-
| align="right" |2011
| align="right" |29,797,694
| align="right" |794,040
| align="right" |118,456
| align="right" |675,584
| align="right" |26.6
| align="right" |4.0
| align="right" |22.7
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.60</span>
|-
| align="right" |2012
| align="right" |30,135,875
| align="right" |698,954
| align="right" |119,652
| align="right" |579,302
| align="right" |23.2
| align="right" |4.0
| align="right" |19.2
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.60</span>
|-
| align="right" |2013
| align="right" |30,475,144
| align="right" |666,999
| align="right" |125,581
| align="right" |541,418
| align="right" |21.9
| align="right" |4.1
| align="right" |17.8
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.40</span>
|-
| align="right" |2014
| align="right" |30,814,175
| align="right" |668,220
| align="right" |132,830
| align="right" |535,390
| align="right" |21.7
| align="right" |4.3
| align="right" |17.4
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.50</span>
|-
| align="right" |2015
| align="right" |31,151,643
| align="right" |652,075
| align="right" |134,858
| align="right" |517,217
| align="right" |20.9
| align="right" |4.3
| align="right" |16.6
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.50</span>
|-
| align="right" |2016
| align="right" |31,488,625
| align="right" |626,259
| align="right" |145,521
| align="right" |480,738
| align="right" |19.9
| align="right" |4.6
| align="right" |15.3
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.50</span>
|-
| align="right" |2017
| align="right" |31,826,018
| align="right" |610,316
| align="right" |150,032
| align="right" |460,284
| align="right" |19.2
| align="right" |4.7
| align="right" |14.5
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.40</span>
|-
| align="right" |2018
| align="right" |32,162,184
| align="right" |601,781
| align="right" |151,690
| align="right" |450,091
| align="right" |18.7
| align="right" |4.7
| align="right" |14.0
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:#0000FF">2.20</span>
|-
| align="right" |2019
| align="right" |32,495,510
| align="right" |581,022
| align="right" |157,680
| align="right" |423,342
| align="right" |17.9
| align="right" |4.9
| align="right" |13.0
| align="right" |2.00
|-
| align="right" |2020
| align="right" |32,824,358
| align="right" |
| align="right" |212,289
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |6.5
| align="right" |
| align="right" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:red">1.90</span>
|}

=== 출산율과 출생률 ===
[[합계출산율]]과 [[출생률|조출생률]]:<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/dhs#_r=&collection=&country=&dtype=&from=1890&page=13&ps=&sk=&sort_by=nation&sort_order=&to=2014&topic=&view=s&vk=|title=MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys|website=microdata.worldbank.org|access-date=October 4, 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:70pt;" |연도
! style="width:50pt;" |조출생률(종합)
! style="width:50pt;" |합계출산율 (종합)
! style="width:50pt;" |조출생률 (도시)
! style="width:50pt;" |합계출산율 (도시)
! style="width:50pt;" |조출생률 (시골)
! style="width:50pt;" |합계출산율 (시골)
|-
|1950–55
| style="text-align:right;" |47.1
| style="text-align:right;" |6.9
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
|1955–60
| style="text-align:right;" |48.8
| style="text-align:right;" |6.9
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
|1960–1965
| style="text-align:right;" |46.3
| style="text-align:right;" |6.9
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
|1965–70
| style="text-align:right;" |43.6
| style="text-align:right;" |6.6
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
|1970–1975
| style="text-align:right;" |40.5
| style="text-align:right;" |6.0
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
|1975–1980
| style="text-align:right;" |38.0
| style="text-align:right;" |5.4
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
|1980–1985
| style="text-align:right;" |36.7
| style="text-align:right;" |5.0
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
|1985–1990
| style="text-align:right;" |34.3
| style="text-align:right;" |4.5
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
|1986
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |4.12
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |6.34
|-
|1991–1992
| style="text-align:right;" |27.8
| style="text-align:right;" |3.5
| style="text-align:right;" |23.5
| style="text-align:right;" |2.8
| style="text-align:right;" |38.7
| style="text-align:right;" |6.2
|-
|1996
| style="text-align:right;" |27.4
| style="text-align:right;" |3.5
| style="text-align:right;" |24.2
| style="text-align:right;" |2.8
| style="text-align:right;" |33.5
| style="text-align:right;" |5.6
|-
|2000
| style="text-align:right;" |22
| style="text-align:right;" |2.9
| style="text-align:right;" |19
| style="text-align:right;" |2.2
| style="text-align:right;" |27
| style="text-align:right;" |4.3
|-
|2004–2006
| style="text-align:right;" |19.2
| style="text-align:right;" |2.6
| style="text-align:right;" |17.3
| style="text-align:right;" |2.1
| style="text-align:right;" |22.6
| style="text-align:right;" |3.7
|-
|2007–2008
| style="text-align:right;" |18.6
| style="text-align:right;" |2.5
| style="text-align:right;" |16.8
| style="text-align:right;" |2.1
| style="text-align:right;" |22.2
| style="text-align:right;" |3.7
|-
|2009
| style="text-align:right;" |19.9
| style="text-align:right;" |2.6
| style="text-align:right;" |18.7
| style="text-align:right;" |2.3
| style="text-align:right;" |22.8
| style="text-align:right;" |3.6
|-
|2010
| style="text-align:right;" |19.0
| style="text-align:right;" |2.5
| style="text-align:right;" |17.6
| style="text-align:right;" |2.2
| style="text-align:right;" |22.3
| style="text-align:right;" |3.5
|-
|2011
| style="text-align:right;" |19.7
| style="text-align:right;" |2.6
| style="text-align:right;" |18.5
| style="text-align:right;" |2.3
| style="text-align:right;" |22.5
| style="text-align:right;" |3.5
|-
|2012
| style="text-align:right;" |19.6
| style="text-align:right;" |2.6
| style="text-align:right;" |18.5
| style="text-align:right;" |2.3
| style="text-align:right;" |22.3
| style="text-align:right;" |3.5
|-
|2013
| style="text-align:right;" |18.4
| style="text-align:right;" |2.4
| style="text-align:right;" |17.1
| style="text-align:right;" |2.1
| style="text-align:right;" |22.3
| style="text-align:right;" |3.4
|-
|2014
| style="text-align:right;" |19.1
| style="text-align:right;" |2.5
| style="text-align:right;" |18.3
| style="text-align:right;" |2.3
| style="text-align:right;" |21.7
| style="text-align:right;" |3.3
|-
|2017-2018
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |2.2
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |2.0
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |3.1
|}

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

[[분류:페루의 인구| ]]