{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{철학자 정보|image=Charles Hartshorne.png|caption=Portrait of Charles Hartshorne circa 1990|name=Charles Hartshorne|birth_date={{Birth date|1897|6|5}}|birth_place=[[Kittanning, Pennsylvania]]|death_date={{death date and age|2000|10|9|1897|6|5}}|death_place=[[Austin, Texas]]|era=[[20th-century philosophy]]|region=[[Western philosophy]]|school_tradition=[[Process philosophy]]|main_interests=[[Metaphysics]], [[Philosophy of religion]]|notable_ideas=[[Process theology]]<br>[[modal logic|Modal]] [[Arguments for the existence of God|proof of the existence of God]]|influences=[[Alfred North Whitehead]], [[Charles Sanders Peirce]], [[William Ernest Hocking]], [[Josiah Royce]], [[Jules Lequier]]|influenced=[[John B. Cobb]], [[David Ray Griffin]]}}

'''찰스 하츠혼'''(Charles Hartshorne, 1897년 6월 5일 ~ 2000년 10월 9일)는 [[종교 철학]]과 [[형이상학]]으로 유명한 미국의 [[철학자]]였다. 그는 신에 관한 신 고전주의적 개념(neoclassical idea)을 발전 시켰고 성 [[캔터베리의 안셈|안셀무스의]] [[존재론적 논증]]을 발전시킨 [[신의 존재]]의 도덕적 논증을 제시했다. 찰스 하츠혼은 또한 [[알프레드 노스 화이트헤드]]의 [[과정 철학|과정철학]]을 [[과정신학]]으로 발전시키는 데 유명하다.'''  '''그는 1915–17년에 하버포드 칼리지(Haverford College)에서 공부하였고 후에 [[하버드 대학교]]에서 B.A. (1921), M.A. (1922) and Ph.D. (1923)를 취득하고 하버드 대학교, [[시카고 대학교]], [[에모리 대학교]], 그리고 [[텍사스 대학교]]에서 98세까지 강의를 하였다. 그의 신학의 모티브는 [[경험주의]], [[상대주의]], [[과정]], 그리고 사건들이다.

== 지적인 영향을 받은 학자들 ==
그가 영향받은 인물로는
* [[매슈 아널드]]
* [[랠프 월도 에머슨]]
* [[찰스 샌더스 퍼스]]
* [[알프레드 노스 화이트헤드]].
* Rufus Jones
* [[조사이어 로이스]]
* [[윌리엄 제임스]]
* [[앙리 베르그송]]
* [[니콜라이 베르댜예프]]그리고 [[앙리 베르그송|Henri Bergson]], Ralph Barton Perry and [[니콜라이 베르댜예프|Nikolai Berdyaev]], Edgar S. Brightman가 있다.

== 작품 ==
* ''The Philosophy and Psychology of Sensation'', Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1934, reprint Kennikat Press 1968
* ''Beyond Humanism: Essays in the New Philosophy of Nature'', Chicago/New York: Willett, Clark & Co, 1937 (also published as ''Beyond Humanism: Essays in the Philosophy of Nature'' by University of Nebraska Press, 1968)
* ''Man's Vision of God and the Logic of Theism'', Willett, Clark & company, 1941, reprint Hamden: Archon, 1964, {{ISBN|0-208-00498-X}}
* ''The Divine Relativity: A Social Conception of God'', ([[Terry Lectures]]), New Haven: Yale University Press, 1948, reprint ed. 1983, {{ISBN|0-300-02880-6}}
* ''The Logic of Perfection and other essays in neoclassical metaphysics'', La Salle: Open Court, 1962, reprint ed. 1973, {{ISBN|0-87548-037-3}}
* ''Philosophers Speak of God'', edited with William L. Reese, University of Chicago Press, 1963, Amherst: Humanity Books, reprint ed. 2000, {{ISBN|1-57392-815-1}} (fifty selections spanning the breadth of both eastern and western thought)
* ''Anselm's Discovery'', La Salle: Open Court, 1965
* ''A Natural Theology for our Time'', La Salle: Open Court, 1967, reprint ed. 1992, {{ISBN|0-87548-239-2}}
* ''Creative Synthesis and Philosophic Method'', S.C.M. Press, 1970, {{ISBN|0-334-00269-9}}
* ''Reality as Social Process'', New York: Hafner, 1971
* ''Whitehead's Philosophy: Selected Essays, 1935-1970'', University of Nebraska Press, 1972, {{ISBN|0-8032-0806-5}}
* ''Aquinas to Whitehead: Seven Centuries of Metaphysics of Religion'', Marquette University Publications, 1976, {{ISBN|0-87462-141-0}}
* ''Whitehead's View of Reality'', with Creighton Peden, New York: Pilgrim Press, rev. ed. 1981, {{ISBN|0-8298-0381-5}}
* ''Insights and Oversights of Great Thinkers: : An Evaluation of Western Philosophy'', Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983, {{ISBN|0-87395-682-6}}
* ''Creativity in American Philosophy'', Albany: State University of New York Press, 1984, {{ISBN|0-87395-817-9}}
* ''Omnipotence and Other Theological Mistakes'', Albany: State University of New York Press, 1984, {{ISBN|0-87395-771-7}}
* ''Wisdom as Moderation'', Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987, {{ISBN|0-88706-473-6}}
* ''The Darkness and The Light: A Philosopher Reflects upon His Fortunate Career and Those Who Made It Possible'', Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990, {{ISBN|0-7914-0337-8}}
* ''Born to Sing: An Interpretation and World Survey of Bird Song'', Indiana Univ Press, 1992, {{ISBN|0-253-20743-6}}
* ''The Zero Fallacy: And Other Essays in Neoclassical Philosophy'', edited with Mohammad Valady, Open Court, 1997, {{ISBN|0-8126-9324-8}}

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[미국 철학]]
== 참고 문헌 ==
* Randall E. Auxier and Mark Y. A. Davies, eds. ''Hartshorne and Brightman on God, Process, and Persons: The Correspondence 1922-1945'' (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2001).
* John B. Cobb and Franklin I. Gamwell, eds. ''Existence and Actuality: Conversations with Charles Hartshorne'' (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), {{ISBN|0-226-11123-7}}, [https://web.archive.org/web/20051126191029/http://www.religion-online.org/showbook.asp?title=2072 online edition]
* William L. Reese and Eugene Freeman, eds. ''Process and Divinity: The Hartshorne Festschrift'' (La Salle: Open Court, 1964).

=== 해석과 영향들 ===
* William A. Beardslee, "Hope in Biblical Eschatology and in Process Theology," ''Journal of the American Academy of Religion'', 38 (September 1970), pp.&nbsp;227–239.
* Charles Birch, "Participatory Evolution: The Drive of Creation," ''Journal of the American Academy of Religion'', 40 (June 1972), pp.&nbsp;147–163.
* Charles Birch, ''On Purpose'' (Kensington: New South Wales University Press, 1990).
* Delwin Brown, Ralph E. James and Gene Reeves, eds. ''Process Philosophy and Christian Thought'' (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971).
* John B. Cobb, ''God and the World'' (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1969).
* Carol P. Christ, ''She Who Changes: Re-imagining the Divine in the World'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, {{ISBN|1-4039-6083-6}}
* George L. Goodwin, ''Ontological Argument of Charles Hartshorne'', Scholars Press, 1978, {{ISBN|0-89130-228-X}}, published dissertation
* Schubert Ogden, ''The Reality of God and Other Essays'' (New York: Harper & Row, 1966).
* Norman Pittenger, ''Christology Reconsidered'' (London: SCM Press, 1970).
* Donald W. Viney, ''Charles Hartshorne and the Existence of God'', forward by Charles Hartshorne, State University of New York Press, 1985, {{ISBN|0-87395-907-8}} (hardcover), {{ISBN|0-87395-908-6}} (paperback)
* Santiago Sia, editor, ''Charles Hartshorne's Concept of God: Philosophical and Theological Responses'', Springer, 1989, {{ISBN|0-7923-0290-7}}
* Santiago Sia, ''Religion, Reason, and God: Essays in the Philosophies of Charles Hartshorne and A.N. Whitehead'', Peter Lang Publisher, 2004, {{ISBN|3-631-50855-7}}
* Barry L. Whitney, ''Evil and the Process God'', Toronto: Edwin Mellen Press, 1985

=== 비평적인 글들 ===
* Gregory A. Boyd, ''Trinity and Process: A Critical Evaluation and Reconstruction of Hartshorne's di-polar theism towards a Trinitarian Metaphysic'' (New York: P. Lang, 1992).
* Robert J. Connelly, ''Whitehead vs. Hartshorne: Basic Metaphysical Issues'' (Washington D.C.: University Press of America, 1981).
* Daniel A. Dombrowski, ''Hartshorne and the Metaphysics of Animal Rights'' (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988).
* Daniel A. Dombrowski, ''Analytic Theism, Hartshorne, and the Concept of God'' (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996).
* Langdon Gilkey, ''Naming the Whirlwind'' (Indianapolis:Bobbs-Merrill, 1969).
* Alan Gragg, ''Charles Hartshorne'' (Waco: Word Publishing, 1973).
* Royce G. Gruenler, ''The Inexhaustible God: Biblical Faith and the Challenge of Process Theism'' (Grand rapids: Baker, 1983).
* Colin Gunton, ''Becoming and Being: The Doctrine of God in Charles Hartshorne and Karl Barth'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978).
* Lewis Edwin Hahn, ed. ''The Philosophy of Charles Hartshorne'' (La Salle: Open Court, 1991).
* Bernard M. Loomer, "Process Theology: Origins, Strengths, Weaknesses," ''Process Studies'', 16 (Winter 1987), pp.&nbsp;245–254.
* Ronald H. Nash, ed. ''Process Theology'' (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1987).
* Douglas Pratt, ''Relational Deity: Hartshorne and Macquarrie on God'' (Lanham: University Press of America, 2002).
* Edgar A. Towne, ''Two Types of Theism: Knowledge of God in the thought of Paul Tillich and Charles Hartshorne'' (New York: P. Lang, 1997).
* Michel Weber and Will Desmond (eds.). ''[https://www.academia.edu/279955/Handbook_of_Whiteheadian_Process_Thought Handbook of Whiteheadian Process Thought]'', Frankfurt / Lancaster, Ontos Verlag, Process Thought X1 & X2, 2008.

== 외부 링크 ==
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hartshorne/ Charles Hartshorne] by Dan Dombrowski, from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
* Hartshorne's collected papers are archived at the [http://www.ctr4process.org/programs/Archives.shtml Center for Process Studies] {{웨이백|url=http://www.ctr4process.org/programs/Archives.shtml |date=20150604172032 }}
* Hartshorne's ornithological works are housed at [http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/ Florida Museum of Natural History]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070420043457/http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/Hartshorne/Viney/index.html Online biography of Hartshorne from ''American Philosophers Before 1950'', Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 270]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060803235501/http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/unitarians/hartshorne.html Charles Hartshorne: The Einstein of Religious Thought] with a short biography, photos and sayings
* [http://www.anthonyflood.com/hartshorne.htm Charles Hartshorne Archive] at AnthonyFlood.com
* [http://www.ctr4process.org/publications/ProcessPerspectives/archive/PP-20.3-Spring1997.pdf Special Hartshorne Edition] {{웨이백|url=http://www.ctr4process.org/publications/ProcessPerspectives/archive/PP-20.3-Spring1997.pdf |date=20131011222202 }} (PDF), ''Process Perspectives'' (newsletter of the Center for Process Studies), v. 20, n. 3, spring 1997. Includes reminiscences by Hartshorne.
* Special Hartshorne tribute, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110114101318/http://www.ctr4process.org/publications/ProcessStudies/ Process Studies]'' 25 (1996), (includes 2 new Hartshorne articles)
* Special Focus on Hartshorne, Ed. Barry Whitney and Don Viney,'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20110114101318/http://www.ctr4process.org/publications/ProcessStudies/ Process Studies]'' 30.2 (2001), (4 Hartshorne articles and discussion)

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:1897년 출생]]
[[분류:2000년 사망]]
[[분류:미국의 백세인]]
[[분류:미국의 제1차 세계 대전 참전 군인]]
[[분류:미국의 신학자]]
[[분류:미국 예술과학 아카데미 석학회원]]
[[분류:하버드 대학교 동문]]
[[분류:형이상학자]]
[[분류:종교철학자]]
[[분류:과정신학자]]
[[분류:과정철학]]
[[분류:도덕철학자]]