{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
[[파일:Tea plantation in Ciwidey, Bandung 2014-08-21.jpg|섬네일|220px|[[인도네시아]] [[반둥]] 찌위데이의 차 플랜테이션]]

'''차의 역사'''({{llang|en|history of tea}})는 수천 년 전부터 시작되었으며, 차 문화는 여러 [[문화권]]에 분포되어 있다. [[차나무]](''Camellia sinensis'')는 [[동아시아]]가 원산지이며, 아마도 [[중국 남서부]] 및 [[미얀마의 지리|미얀마 북부]]의 국경 지대에서 유래한 것으로 추정된다.<ref name="Yamamotop4">{{Harvnb|Yamamoto|Kim|Juneja|1997|p=4}} "For a long time, botanists have asserted the dualism of tea origin from their observations that there exist distinct differences in the morphological characteristics between Assamese varieties and Chinese varieties. Hashimoto and Shimura report that the differences in the morphological characteristics in tea plants are not necessarily the evidence of the dualism hypothesis from the researches using the statistical cluster analysis method. In recent investigations, it has also been made clear that both varieties have the same chromosome number (2n=30) and can be easily hybridized with each other. In addition, various types of intermediate hybrids or spontaneous polyploids of tea plants have been found in a wide area extending over the regions mentioned above. These facts may prove that the place of origin of ''Camellia sinensis'' is in the area including Yunnan, and Sichuan districts of China, and the northern part of the Burma."</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|author1=Mary Lou Heiss|author2=Robert J. Heiss|title=The Story of Tea: A Cultural History and Drinking Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/storyofteacultur0000heis|quote=Camellia sinensis originated in southeast Asia, specifically around the intersection of 29th parallel and 98th meridian, the point of confluence of the lands of southwest China and Tibet|url-access=registration}}, north Myanmar, and northeast India, citing Mondal (2007) p. 519</ref>{{sfn|Heiss|Heiss|2007|pp=6–7}} 최초로 차를 음용한 것은 차를 약용 음료로 소비했던 중국 [[상나라]] 시대까지 거슬러 올라간다.<ref name="storyoftea">{{서적 인용|author1=Mary Lou Heiss|author2=Robert J. Heiss|title=The Story of Tea: A Cultural History and Drinking Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxCBfNmnvFEC&pg=PT31|date=23 March 2011|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-60774-172-5|page=31|quote=By the time of the Shang dynasty (1766–1050 BC), tea was being consumed in Yunnan Province for its medicinal properties}}</ref> 차를 마시는 것에 대한 신뢰할 수 있는 초기 기록은 중국 [[후한]] 말의 의사인 [[화타]]가 3세기에 쓴 의학 문헌이다.<ref name="laura3">[[#Martin|Martin]], p. 29: "beginning in the third century CE, references to tea seem more credible, in particular those dating to the time of Hua T'o, a highly respected physician and surgeon"</ref> 차는 16세기 초에 중국과 왕래한 [[포르투갈]]의 [[성직자]]와 [[상인]]들을 통해서 [[서구 세계]]에 처음으로 알려지게 되었다.<ref name="caff">{{서적 인용|author1=Bennett Alan Weinberg|author2=Bonnie K. Bealer|title=The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YdpL2YCGLVYC&pg=PA63|year=2001|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-92722-2|page=63|quote=The Portuguese traders and the Portuguese Jesuit priests, who like Jesuits of every nation busied themselves with the affairs of caffeine, wrote frequently and favorably to compatriots in Europe about tea.}}</ref> 차를 마시는 것은 17세기 [[영국]]에서 [[대중화]]되었다. 영국은 차에 대한 중국의 독점과 경쟁하기 위해 [[영국령 인도|영국의 인도 식민지]]에 상업적인 차를 재배하기 시작했다.<ref name="Sen">{{서적 인용|author=Colleen Taylor Sen|title=Food Culture in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YIyV_5wrplMC&pg=PA26|year=2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32487-1|page=26}}</ref>

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[차 (음료)|차]]
* [[차나무]]

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

{{차}}

{{전거 통제}}
[[분류:차]]
[[분류:차의 역사]]