{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = 기회감염
| synonyms        = Opportunistic infection
| image           = Chest X-ray in influenza and Haemophilus influenzae - annotated.jpg
| caption         = 먼저 [[인플루엔자]]에 걸렸다가 [[인플루엔자균]]으로 발전한 환자의 흉부 엑스레이
| pronounce       = 
| field           = 
| symptoms        = 
| complications   = 
| onset           = 
| duration        = 
| types           = 
| causes          = 
| risks           = 
| diagnosis       = 
| differential    = 
| prevention      = 
| treatment       = 
| medication      = 
| prognosis       = 
| frequency       = 
| deaths          = 
}}
'''기회감염'''(opportunistic infection)은 일반적으로는 불가능한 기회를 이용하는 [[병원체]]([[세균]], [[균계|균]], [[기생충]], [[바이러스]])에 의해 발생하는 [[감염]]이다. 이 기회들은 다양한 원천에 의해 만들어지는데, 예를 들면 [[면역결핍질환]]이라든지 [[암 치료]]의 [[면역억제제]] 치료를 받을 때<ref name=":1">{{서적 인용| vauthors = Justiz Vaillant AA, Qurie A | chapter = Immunodeficiency |date=2021 | chapter-url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500027/ | title = StatPearls |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=29763203 |access-date=2021-03-09 }}</ref>, 변형된 [[마이크로바이옴]], 파열된 [[피부계통|피부계]] 장벽을 들 수 있다. 이 병원체들 중 다수는 면역계가 튼실한 건강한 숙주에는 질병을 일으키지 않으며 면역계의 균형이 무너질 때까지 [[편리 공생]]의 역할을 하는 경우가 있기는 하다.<ref name=":2">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Schroeder MR, Stephens DS | title = Macrolide Resistance in ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' | journal = Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology | volume = 6 | pages = 98 | date = 2016-09-21 | pmid = 27709102 | pmc = 5030221 | doi = 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00098  }}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Achermann Y, Goldstein EJ, Coenye T, Shirtliff ME | title = Propionibacterium acnes: from commensal to opportunistic biofilm-associated implant pathogen | journal = Clinical Microbiology Reviews | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | pages = 419–40 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24982315 | pmc = 4135900 | doi = 10.1128/CMR.00092-13 }}</ref> 기회감염은 건강한 사람에게는 병원체가 심각하지 않은 질병을 일으킬 수 있으나 면역계가 약화된 숙주에게 기회 이용이 되면 더 심각한 질환을 일으킬 수 있다.<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Caballero MT, Polack FP | title = Respiratory syncytial virus is an "opportunistic" killer | journal = Pediatric Pulmonology | volume = 53 | issue = 5 | pages = 664–667 | date = May 2018 | pmid = 29461021 | pmc = 5947624 | doi = 10.1002/ppul.23963 }}</ref>

== 기회감염의 종류 ==
=== 세균 ===
* [[클로스트리디움 디피실]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Czepiel J, Dróżdż M, Pituch H, Kuijper EJ, Perucki W, Mielimonka A, Goldman S, Wultańska D, Garlicki A, Biesiada G | display-authors = 6 | title = Clostridium difficile infection: review | journal = European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases | volume = 38 | issue = 7 | pages = 1211–1221 | date = July 2019 | pmid = 30945014 | pmc = 6570665 | doi = 10.1007/s10096-019-03539-6 }}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Guh AY, Kutty PK | title = Clostridioides difficile Infection | journal = Annals of Internal Medicine | volume = 169 | issue = 7 | pages = ITC49–ITC64 | date = October 2018 | pmid = 30285209 | pmc = 6524133 | doi = 10.7326/AITC201810020 }}</ref>
* [[결핵균]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Gordon SV, Parish T | title = Microbe Profile: Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Humanity's deadly microbial foe | journal = Microbiology | volume = 164 | issue = 4 | pages = 437–439 | date = April 2018 | pmid = 29465344 | doi = 10.1099/mic.0.000601 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* [[살모넬라]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Lamas A, Miranda JM, Regal P, Vázquez B, Franco CM, Cepeda A | title = A comprehensive review of non-enterica subspecies of Salmonella enterica | journal = Microbiological Research | volume = 206 | pages = 60–73 | date = January 2018 | pmid = 29146261 | doi = 10.1016/j.micres.2017.09.010 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* [[황색포도상구균]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Jenul C, Horswill AR | title = Regulation of ''Staphylococcus aureus'' Virulence | journal = Microbiology Spectrum | volume = 7 | issue = 2 | date = April 2019 | pmid = 30953424 | pmc = 6452892 | doi = 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0031-2018 }}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Kong C, Neoh HM, Nathan S | title = Targeting Staphylococcus aureus Toxins: A Potential form of Anti-Virulence Therapy | journal = Toxins | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 72 | date = March 2016 | pmid = 26999200 | pmc = 4810217 | doi = 10.3390/toxins8030072 }}</ref>
* [[폐렴구균]]<ref name=":2" />
* [[화농성연쇄상구균]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Jespersen MG, Lacey JA, Tong SY, Davies MR | title = Global genomic epidemiology of Streptococcus pyogenes | journal = Infection, Genetics and Evolution | volume = 86 | pages = 104609 | date = December 2020 | pmid = 33147506 | doi = 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104609 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Brouwer S, Barnett TC, Rivera-Hernandez T, Rohde M, Walker MJ | title = Streptococcus pyogenes adhesion and colonization | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 590 | issue = 21 | pages = 3739–3757 | date = November 2016 | pmid = 27312939 | doi = 10.1002/1873-3468.12254 | hdl = 10033/619157 | s2cid = 205213711 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>

=== 균 ===
* [[미포자충류]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Stentiford GD, Becnel JJ, Weiss LM, Keeling PJ, Didier ES, Bjornson S, Freeman MA, Brown MJ, Roesel K, Sokolova Y, Snowden KF, Solter L | display-authors = 6 | title = Microsporidia - Emergent Pathogens in the Global Food Chain | journal = Trends in Parasitology | volume = 32 | issue = 4 | pages = 336–348 | date = April 2016 | pmid = 26796229 | pmc = 4818719 | doi = 10.1016/j.pt.2015.12.004 }}</ref>

=== 기생충 ===
* [[와포자충속]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Gerace E, Lo Presti VD, Biondo C | title = ''Cryptosporidium'' Infection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Differential Diagnosis | journal = European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology | volume = 9 | issue = 4 | pages = 119–123 | date = December 2019 | pmid = 31934363 | pmc = 6945992 | doi = 10.1556/1886.2019.00019 }}</ref>
* [[톡소포자충]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Mendez OA, Koshy AA | title = Toxoplasma gondii: Entry, association, and physiological influence on the central nervous system | journal = PLOS Pathogens | volume = 13 | issue = 7 | pages = e1006351 | date = July 2017 | pmid = 28727854 | pmc = 5519211 | doi = 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006351 | veditors = Gubbels MJ }}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Hunter CA, Sibley LD | title = Modulation of innate immunity by Toxoplasma gondii virulence effectors | journal = Nature Reviews. Microbiology | volume = 10 | issue = 11 | pages = 766–78 | date = November 2012 | pmid = 23070557 | pmc = 3689224 | doi = 10.1038/nrmicro2858 }}</ref>

=== 바이러스 ===
* [[거대세포바이러스]]<ref name=":3">{{저널 인용| vauthors = José RJ, Periselneris JN, Brown JS | title = Opportunistic bacterial, viral and fungal infections of the lung | journal = Medicine | volume = 48 | issue = 6 | pages = 366–372 | date = June 2020 | pmid = 32390758 | pmc = 7206443 | doi = 10.1016/j.mpmed.2020.03.006 }}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Fonseca Brito L, Brune W, Stahl FR | title = Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Pneumonitis: Cell Tropism, Inflammation, and Immunity | journal = International Journal of Molecular Sciences | volume = 20 | issue = 16 | pages = 3865 | date = August 2019 | pmid = 31398860 | pmc = 6719013 | doi = 10.3390/ijms20163865 }}</ref>
* [[사람 폴리오마바이러스 2]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Bohra C, Sokol L, Dalia S | title = Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Monoclonal Antibodies: A Review | journal = Cancer Control | volume = 24 | issue = 4 | pages = 1073274817729901 | date = 2017-11-01 | pmid = 28975841 | pmc = 5937251 | doi = 10.1177/1073274817729901 }}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Kartau M, Sipilä JO, Auvinen E, Palomäki M, Verkkoniemi-Ahola A | title = Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: Current Insights | journal = Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease | volume = 9 | pages = 109–121 | date = 2019-12-02 | pmid = 31819703 | pmc = 6896915 | doi = 10.2147/DNND.S203405 }}</ref>
* [[KSHV|사람 헤페르바이러스 8]]<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Radu O, Pantanowitz L | title = Kaposi sarcoma | journal = Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine | volume = 137 | issue = 2 | pages = 289–94 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23368874 | doi = 10.5858/arpa.2012-0101-RS | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Cesarman E, Damania B, Krown SE, Martin J, Bower M, Whitby D | title = Kaposi sarcoma | journal = Nature Reviews. Disease Primers | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 9 | date = January 2019 | pmid = 30705286 | pmc = 6685213 | doi = 10.1038/s41572-019-0060-9 }}</ref>

== 병인 ==
* [[영양실조]]
* [[피로]]
* 재발 [[감염]]
* [[장기 이식]] 환자의 [[면역억제제]]
* 진보한 [[인간면역결핍 바이러스]] 감염
* [[암]] [[화학요법]]
* [[유전학|유전성]] 소인
* [[피부]] 손상
* [[항생물질]] 치료
* 수술
* 임신
* [[노화]]
* [[백혈구 감소]]
* 화상

== 치료 ==
치료는 기회감염의 종류에 따라 달라지지만 보통은 각종 [[항생물질]]을 사용한다.

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* {{위키공용분류-줄|Opportunistic infections}}
{{Medical resources
|  DiseasesDB =  
|  ICD10 =  
|  ICD9 =  
|  ICDO =  
|  OMIM =  
|  MedlinePlus =  
|  eMedicineSubj =  
|  eMedicineTopic =  
|  MeshID = D009894
}}

{{전거 통제}}

[[분류:감염병]]
[[분류:면역학]]
[[분류:면역 질환]]