{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{다른 뜻|국수주의 (일본)||일본의 국수주의}}
{{내셔널리즘 사이드바}}
'''국수주의'''(國粹主義, {{llang|en|Ultranationalism}})란 "자민족의 전통, 문화, 역사만이 다른 민족들보다도 월등히 우월하며 다른 나라의 문화와 문물들을 배척하고 파괴하는 것을 무엇보다도 중시하는 극단적인 [[내셔널리즘]]" 혹은 더욱 단순하게 "자신의 민족국가에게 극단적으로 헌신하고 희생할 것을 강조"하는 사상을 의미한다.<ref>[https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/ultranationalism Ultranationalism] {{웨이백|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/ultranationalism |date=20190512054437 }}. Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 29 June 2017.</ref><ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ultranationalism Ultranationalism]. Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 29 June 2017.</ref>

국수주의가 국가적 재탄생에 대한 개념과 결합될 경우 [[파시즘]]으로 발전하는 초석이 될 수 있다.<ref>Roger Griffin, "Nationalism" in  Cyprian Blamires, ed., ''World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia'', vol. 2 (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006), pp. 451–53.</ref>

야누슈 부가이스카(Janusz Bugajski)에 따르면 "가장 극단적인 혹은 가장 발달된 형태의 국수주의는 파시즘과 유사하다. [[전체주의]]로 기우는 권위주의 정치를 지지하며, 카리스마있는 지도자와 유기적으로 무정형한 운동형태로 존재하는 당과 민족 사이의 신화적인 "유기적 단결"을 강조한다."<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xeFNV40_EUAC&pg=PA65&dq=ultranationalism+authoritarian&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi20tfP0rnaAhWLOsAKHQhhB7wQ6AEIWDAI#v=onepage&q&f=false ''The Politics of National Minority Participation in Post-communist Europe'']. ''EastWest Institute''. p.65. Section author - Janusz Bugajski. Book edited by Johnathan P.Stein. Published by M.E. Sharpe. Published in New York in 2000. Retrieved via Google Books.</ref>

로저 그리핀(Roger Griffin)은 국수주의는 본질적으로 인종차별적이며 "과거의 문화 혹은 역사적으로 위대했던 정치적 시기 혹은 적과 대항해 싸워왔던 고도로 신화화된 서사"를 통해 자신을 정당화 한다고 한다. 이것은 "민족적 우월성과 운명, 퇴행과 비인간성을 정당화 하기 위한 자연 인류학, 유전학 및 우생학의 저속한 형태"<ref>{{서적 인용|title=World fascism: a historical encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDYRAQAAMAAJ&q=%22%22through+deeply+mythicized+narratives+of+past+cultural+or+political+periods%22&dq=%22%22through+deeply+mythicized+narratives+of+past+cultural+or+political+periods%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLpMWk1efZAhWF7lMKHSJqCZoQ6AEIKTAA|year=2006|page=452}}</ref>로 묘사될 수도 있다.

== 정당 ==
* {{국기나라|그리스}}: [[황금새벽]],<ref>{{인용|first=Emmanouil |last=Tsatsanis |title=Hellenism under siege: the national-populist logic of antiglobalization rhetoric in Greece |journal=Journal of Political Ideologies |volume=16 |issue=1 |year=2011 |pages=11–31 |doi=10.1080/13569317.2011.540939 |quote=...and far right-wing newspapers such as Alpha Ena, Eleytheros Kosmos, Eleytheri Ora and Stohos (the mouthpiece of ultra-nationalist group ''Chrysi Avgi'').}}</ref> [[그리스 방안당]]<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/07/greeks-choose-between-beach-and-ballot-in-first-post-debt-bailout-poll|title=Greek elections: landslide victory for centre-right New Democracy party|quote=Smaller parties, such as the ultra-nationalist Greek Solution and leftist MeRA25, headed by Yanis Varoufakis, the former finance minister, were targeting younger Greeks.|work=The Guardian|date=7 July 2019}}</ref>
* {{국기나라|덴마크}}: [[덴마크 인민당]]<ref>{{서적 인용|author=Karl Duffek, Johannes Kandel|url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=iMLZAAAAMAAJ&hl=ko&source=gbs_slider_cls_metadata_9_mylibrary|title=The Challenge of Diversity: European Social Democracy Facing Migration, Integration, and Multiculturalism|page=201|publisher=StudienVerlag|date=2003|isbn=3706519100}}</ref>
* {{국기나라|독일}}: [[독일을 위한 대안]]<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/|title=The 1619 Project and the far-right fear of history|quote=A leader of Germany's ultranationalist AfD party in 2017 bemoaned how the country's focus on atoning ...|work=Washington Post|date=20 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/frankenstein-pact-puts-afd-in-coalition-rcs0bp2lw|title=Frankenstein pact puts AfD in coalition|quote=A married couple have run into trouble for forging the first local pact between Angela Merkel’s party and the ultranationalist Alternative for Germany (AfD) in defiance of the chancellor.|work=The Times|date=23 July 2019}}</ref>
* {{국기나라|러시아}}: [[러시아 자유민주당]]<ref>{{웹 인용|url=http://en.ria.ru/russia/20130221/179612948/Ultranationalists-Move-to-Slap-Fines-on-Use-of-Foreign-Words.html|title=Ultranationalists Move to Slap Fines on Use of Foreign Words|date=21 February 2013}}</ref>
* {{국기나라|불가리아}}: [[아타카]]<ref>{{저널 인용|first=Stefanos |last=Katsikas |title=Negotiating Diplomacy in the New Europe: Foreign Policy in Post-Communist Bulgaria |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2011 |page=64}}</ref>
* {{국기나라|세르비아}}: [[세르비아 급진당]]<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2003/1230/p07s01-woeu.html|title=Serbian Radical Party surge may complicate reform|website=Christian Science Monitor|first=Peter|last=Ford|year=2018|accessdate=17 December 2018}}</ref>
* {{국기나라|스페인}}: [[Vox (정당)|Vox]]<ref name=acha20190106>{{저널 인용|first=Beatriz|last=Acha|title=No, no es un partido (neo)fascista|date=6 January 2019|journal=Agenda Pública|url=http://agendapublica.elpais.com/no-no-es-un-partido-neofascista/|access-date=2019-08-25|archive-date=2019-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711235730/http://agendapublica.elpais.com/no-no-es-un-partido-neofascista/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=mellon>{{저널 인용|journal=Agenda Pública|url=http://agendapublica.elpais.com/vox-del-nacional-catolicismo-al-ultranacionalismo-neoliberal/|title=Vox. Del nacional-catolicismo al ultranacionalismo neoliberal|first=Joan|last=Antón-Mellón|date=29 April 2019|확인날짜=2019-08-25|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503115247/http://agendapublica.elpais.com/vox-del-nacional-catolicismo-al-ultranacionalismo-neoliberal/|보존날짜=2019-05-03|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* {{국기나라|슬로바키아}}: [[국민정당 우리의 슬로바키아]]<ref>{{뉴스 인용|work=[[New York Times]]|date=17 December 2016|title=Not Even a Prosperous Slovakia Is Immune to Doubts About the E.U.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/17/world/europe/slovakia-european-union-populists-migrants.html}}</ref>
* {{국기나라|우크라이나}}: [[스보보다]]<ref>{{뉴스 인용|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20824693 |title=Svoboda: The rise of Ukraine's ultra-nationalists |work=BBC |date=25 December 2012 |accessdate=1 March 2015}}</ref>
* {{국기나라|이스라엘}}: [[트쿠마|국민연합-트쿠마]]<ref>{{뉴스 인용|work=[[Times of Israel]]|date=30 December 2018|title=Election Polls: 6-14 Seats for Bennett and Shaked's New Right-wing Party, Labor Party Crashes|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/.premium-israel-elections-far-right-parties-mull-next-steps-after-bennett-s-bombshell-1.6789549}}</ref>
* {{국기나라|인도}}: [[시브 세나]]<ref>{{웹 인용|date=8 March 2012 |author=Mark Magnier |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/mar/08/world/la-fg-india-temple-20120309 |title=In India, battle continues over Hindu temple's riches - latimes |publisher=Articles.latimes.com |accessdate=2015-12-02}}</ref>
* {{국기나라|일본}}: [[자유민주당 (일본)|자유민주당]]<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/16072019-beautiful-harmony-political-project-behind-japans-new-era-name-analysis/|title=Beautiful Harmony: Political Project Behind Japan’s New Era Name – Analysis|quote=The shifting dynamics around the new era name (gengō 元号) offers an opportunity to understand how the domestic politics of the LDP’s project of ultranationalism is shaping a new Japan and a new form of nationalism.|date=16 July 2019|work=eurasia review|확인날짜=2019-08-25|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813053041/https://www.eurasiareview.com/16072019-beautiful-harmony-political-project-behind-japans-new-era-name-analysis/|보존날짜=2019-08-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> (분파)
* {{국기나라|튀르키예}}: [[민족운동당]],<ref>{{저널 인용|author=Arman, Murat Necip|title=The Sources Of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism|journal= CEU Political Science Journal| issue=2|date= 2007 |pp= 133–151}}</ref><ref>{{콘퍼런스 인용|author=Eissenstat, Howard. |title=Anatolianism: The History of a Failed Metaphor of Turkish Nationalism|conference=Middle East Studies Association Conference|location=Washington, D.C.|date= November 2002}}</ref> [[대통합당]]<ref>{{서적 인용|title=Denial of Violence|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=402|first=Fatma Muge|last=Gocek}}</ref>
* {{국기나라|폴란드}}: [[국민운동 (폴란드)|국민운동]]<ref>{{뉴스 인용|work=[[The Algemeiner]]|title=Polish Interior Minister Issues Last-Minute Ban on Neo-Fascist Show of Force Outside Israeli Embassy in Warsaw|date=31 January 2018|url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2018/01/31/polish-interior-minister-issues-last-minute-ban-on-neo-fascist-show-of-force-outside-israeli-embassy-in-warsaw/}}</ref>
* {{국기나라|핀란드}}: [[핀인당]]<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-14/finland-leans-left-in-early-vote-count-of-general-election|title=Finns Kick Out Austerity Government as Leftists Win Election|quote=But he faces a tough set of coalition talks, after the ultra nationalist Finns Party came in second, beating the conservative National Coalition for the first time.|work=Bloomberg|date=15 April 2019}}</ref>

== 같이 보기 ==
* [[파시즘]]


== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

[[분류:내셔널리즘]]