{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 443714534
| ImageFile=Dulcin.svg
| ImageSize=200px
| IUPACName=(4-Ethoxyphenyl)urea
| OtherNames=Sucrol; Valzin; Dulcine
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CASNo=150-69-6
| PubChem=9013
| EINECS = 205-767-7
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 8663
| InChI = 1/C9H12N2O2/c1-2-13-8-5-3-7(4-6-8)11-9(10)12/h3-6H,2H2,1H3,(H3,10,11,12)
|  InChIKey = GGLIEWRLXDLBBF-UHFFFAOYAA
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C9H12N2O2/c1-2-13-8-5-3-7(4-6-8)11-9(10)12/h3-6H,2H2,1H3,(H3,10,11,12)
|  StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = GGLIEWRLXDLBBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C19415
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 8U78KF577Z
| SMILES=CCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)NC(=O)N
| RTECS = YT2275000
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=9 | H=12 | N=2 | O=2
| Appearance= White needles
| Density=
| MeltingPtC= 173.5
| BoilingPt= decomposes
| Solubility= 1.25 g/L (25 °C)
| SolubleOther = Soluble in alcohol
| LogP = 1.28
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards=
| FlashPt=
| AutoignitionPt =
| LD50 = 1900 mg/kg (rat, oral)
  }}
}}
'''둘신'''(Dulcin)은 [[설탕]]보다 약 250배 더 단맛을 내는 인공 감미료이며, 1883년 폴란드의 화학자 조제프(Józef Berlinerblau, 1859년 8월 27일 ~ 1935년)에 의해 발견되었다.<ref>{{저널 인용|last1=Berlinerblau|first1=Joseph|title=Ueber die Einwirkung von Chlorcyan auf Ortho- und auf Para-Amidophenetol|journal=Journal für praktische Chemie|date=1884|volume=30|pages=97–115|series=2nd series|doi=10.1002/prac.18840300110|trans-title=On the reaction of cyanogen chloride with ortho- and para-ethoxyaniline|language=German|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101076786597;view=1up;seq=115}} ; see pp. 103–105.  From p. 104:  ''"Der Para-Aethoxyphenylharnstoff hat einen sehr süssen Geschmack."'' (Para-ethoxyphenylurea has a very sweet taste.)</ref><ref>{{서적 인용|last1=Hess|first1=Ludwig|title=Über den Süßstoff Dulcin: seine Darstellung und Eigenschaften|date=1921|publisher=Springer Verlag|location=Berlin & Heidelberg, Germany|pages=5–6|isbn=9783642993923|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmrSBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA5|language=German|trans-title=On the sweetener Dulcin: its preparation and properties}}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용|  doi = 10.1021/ed064p954|  author = Goldsmith, R.H. | year = 1987 | title = A tale of two sweeteners | journal = Journal of Chemical Education | volume = 64|  issue = 11 | pages = 954–955| bibcode = 1987JChEd..64..954G }}</ref><ref>For a biography of Joseph Berlinerblau (with photographs), see:
*  {{저널 인용|last1=Balasiewicz|first1=Michał S.|title=Józef Berlinerblau i Jan Prot-Berlinerblau – współtwórcy polskiego przemysłu Polski niepodległej|journal=Przemysł Chemiczny (Chemical Industry)|date=2013|volume=92|issue=9|pages=1692–1700|trans-title=Józef Berlinerblau and Jan Prot-Berlinerblau – co-founders of Polish industry in independent Poland [i.e., the [[Second Polish Republic]] (1918–1939)]|language=Polish}}
*  Reprinted in:  [https://ewamaria2013texts.wordpress.com/2014/08/15/berlinerblau-raz-jeszcze/ "Józef Berlinerblau" in ewamaria2013 (2014) (in Polish)]
*  Reprinted in:  [https://dzismis.com/2014/05/14/josef-berlinerblau/ "Josef Berlinerblau" in Reunion 69 (2014) (in Polish)]</ref> 약 7년 뒤 처음으로 대량 생산되었다. [[사카린]] 이후 단지 5년 뒤에 발견되었으나 후자의 화합물의 시장적 성공을 맛보지는 못했다. 그럼에도 불구하고 20세기 초의 중요한 감미료였으며 끝의 쓴 맛을 내지 않았다는 점에서 사카린보다 우위에 있는 점이 있었다.

초기 의학 시험에서 이 물질이 인간 소비에 안전하다는 것이 입증되었고 [[당뇨병]]에 이상적인 것으로 간주되었다. 그러나 [[미국 식품의약국]](FDA)의 1951년 연구에 따르면 안전에 관한 수많은 질문이 있었고 동물 시험에서 [[만성 독성]]이 발견된 이후 1954년 시장에서 제외되었다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/archives.federalregister.gov/issue_slice/1950/1/19/317-324.pdf#page=5 |title=15FR321 Title 21 |date=January 18, 1950|website=FDA Federal Register |publisher=FDA |access-date=January 11, 2021| quote=...&nbsp;Notice to manufacturers and distributors of foods and drugs containing artificial sweeteners. Chronic-toxicity studies conducted by the Food and Drug Administration show/ that the artificial sweeteners dulcin (also known as sucrol, or 4-ethoxy-phenylurea, or paraphenetolcarbamide) and P-4000 (also known as l-n-propoxy amino4-nitrobenzene) cause injury to rats when fed at relatively low levels for approximately 2 years&nbsp;...'}}</ref>

== 독성 ==
둘신은 식단의 0.1% 이상에서 쥐에게 독성이 있다. 0.1%에서 약간의 성장 속도의 감퇴를 준다. 1.0%에서 치명도가 높아지며 간, 장기, 심장 등에 눈에 띄는 조직적 변화를 보인다.<ref>{{저널 인용|last1=Ikeda |first1=Yoshio |last2=Omori |first2=Yoshihito |last3=Oka |first3=Shigenori |last4=Shinoda |first4=Mitsuo |last5=Tsuzi |first5=Kiyo |title=Studies on Chronic Toxicity of Dulcin |journal=Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) |date=1960 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=62–69 |doi=10.3358/shokueishi.1.62 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

== 각주 ==
{{각주}}

== 외부 링크 ==
* {{위키공용분류-줄}}

[[분류:감미료]]
[[분류:요소 (화학)]]