{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
{{옛 나라 정보
|나라이름= 인도
|현지이름= 카마루파
|다른표기= 
|s1=아홈 왕국
|s2=카마타 왕국
|s3=카차리 왕국
|s4=추티아 왕국
|s5=바르 부얀
|존속기간_시작=350년
|존속기간_끝=1140년
|지도_그림=Kamarupa_map.png
|지도_설명=인도 아대륙의 동쪽 지역에 위치한 카마루파 왕국의 7~8세기 강역으로 오늘날의 아삼, 벵골, 부탄에 해당한다.<ref name="acharya_map">{{harvcol|Dutta|2008|p=281}}, reproduced from {{harvcol|Acharya|1968}}.</ref> 전성기의 카마루파는 브라마푸트라 계곡, 북벵골, 부탄 및 방글라데시의 북부 전역과 때로는 서벵골과 비하르의 일부를 차지했다.{{sfnp|Sircar|1990a|pp=63–68}}
|수도= [[프라그죠티샤푸라]]<br />[[테즈푸르|하룻페슈와라]]<br />[[두르자야]]
|수도위치= 
|공통어=[[산스크리트어]], [[카마루파 프라크리트어]], [[카시어]], [[보로가로어]]<ref>"... (it shows) that in Ancient Assam there were three languages viz. (1) Sanskrit as the official language and the language of the learned few, (2) Non-Aryan tribal languages of the Austric and Tibeto-Burman families, and (3) a local variety of Prakrit (ie a MIA) wherefrom, in course of time, the modern Assamese language as a MIL, emerged." {{harv|Sharma|1978|pp=0.24-0.28}}</ref>
|종교= [[힌두교]], [[애니미즘]]<ref>(A)ccording to the Yogina Tantra—a product of seventeenth-century Assam—the entire religion of Kamarupa is itself described as kirata dharma, that is, the religion of the northeast hill tribes"{{harvcol|Urban|2011|p=237}}</ref>
|정부형태= [[전제군주제]]<ref>"The government of Kamarupa state was absolute monarchy in nature with the king at the top of the political structure." {{harvcol|Boruah|2005|p=1465}}</ref>
|지도자_칭호= 
|지도자_이름= 
|왕조=
|민족=[[인도아리아인]]
|입법부 =
|사건 = 건국
|사건날짜 = 350년
|사건1= 멸망
|사건날짜1= 1140년
|면적 =  
|면적어림년도 = 
|면적_순위 = 
|내수면_비율 = 
|현재국가 = {{국기나라|인도}}<br>{{국기나라|방글라데시}}<br>{{국기나라|부탄}}<br>{{국기나라|네팔}}
}}
'''카마루파'''({{Llang|sa|कामरूपा}})는 [[인도 중왕국|고전기]] [[인도 아대륙]]의 초기 국가로,<ref>"Pragjyotisa-Kamarupa had emerged as an 'early state' by covering a large part of present north-east India, part of neighbouring west-Bengal and Bangladesh in the period between the 4th to the 12th century." {{Harvcol|Boruah|2005}}</ref> [[다바카 왕국|다바카]]와 함께 [[아삼주|아삼]] 최초의 역사적 왕국이다.<ref>Suresh Kant Sharma, Usha Sharma - 2005,"Discovery of North-East India: Geography, History, Culture, ... - Volume 3", Page 248, Davaka (Nowgong) and Kamarupa as separate and submissive friendly kingdoms.</ref>

카마루파는 서기 350년부터 1140년까지 존재했으며 다바카는 서기 5세기에 카마루파에 흡수되었다.<ref name="Choudhury 1959 47">"As regards the eastern limits of the kingdom, Davaka was absorbed within Kamarupa under Kalyanavarman and the outlying regions were brought under subjugation by Mahendravarman." {{하버드 인용|Choudhury|1959}}</ref><ref>"It is presumed that (Kalyanavarman) conquered Davaka, incorporating it within the kingdom of Kamarupa" {{하버드 인용|Puri|1968}}</ref> 현재의 [[구와하티]], [[북부 구와하티|북구와하티]], [[테즈푸르]]의 수도에서 세 왕조가 다스렸던 카마루파는 전성기에 브라마푸트라 계곡 전체, 북벵골,<ref>"According to the ''Kalika Purana'' and the ''Yogonitantra'', the ancient Kamarupa included, besides the districts of modern Assam, Cooch-Behar, Rang-pura, Jalpaiguri and Dinajpur within its territory." {{하버드 인용|Saikia|1997}}</ref> 부탄과 [[부탄|방글라데시]] 북부, 그리고 때때로 오늘날의 [[서벵골주]], [[비하르주]], [[실렛주]]의 일부를 통치했다.{{Sfnp|Sircar|1990a}}<ref>"Before (the 10th century), copper plate inscriptions indicate that land around the Kushiara was more densely populated, because Kamarupa kings had granted large tracts of land to immigrant brahmans and their supporting castes, to make this region part of Assam (Khanda Kamarupa). {{Harvcol|Ludden|2003}}</ref>

역사적인 왕국은 12세기에 사라지고 더 작은 정치적 실체로 대체되었지만 카마루파의 개념은 지속되었고 고대 및 중세 연대기 작가들은 계속해서 이 왕국의 일부를 카마루프라고 불렀다. 16세기에 [[아홈 왕국]]이 두각을 나타내면서 고대 카마루파 왕국의 유산을 이어받아 [[카라토야강]]까지 왕국을 확장하고자 했다.<ref>"They also looked upon themselves as the heirs of the glory that was ancient Kamarupa by right of conquest, and they long cherished infructuously their unfulfilled hopes of expanding up to that frontier." {{Harvcol|Guha|1983}}. 'An Ahom force reached the banks of the Karatoya in hot pursuit of an invading Turko-Afghan army in the 1530s. Since then "the washing of the sword in the Karatoya" became a symbol of the Assamese aspirations, repeatedly evoked in the ''Bar-Mels'' and mentioned in the chronicles." {{Harvcol|Guha|1983}}</ref>

== 어원 ==
왕국을 나타내기 위해 카마루파라는 이름이 가장 먼저 사용된 것은 사무드라굽타의 기둥에 새겨진 글에서 왕국을 변경지역 왕국으로 언급한 4세기부터이다.<ref>{{harvcol|Sircar|1990a|p=57}}</ref> 카마루파는 [[마하바라타]] 또는 [[라마야나]] 서사시에서 아무런 언급도 찾을 수 없으며 초기와 후기의 [[베다]], [[불교]], [[자이나교]] 문학에서 카마루파에 대한 언급은 왕국에 관한 것이 아니다.<ref>"There is no definite reference to Kamarupa in the early/later Vedic literature and the early Buddhist/Jain canonical works. The two Epics are also silent on Kamarupa, despite mentioning Pragjyotisha." {{harvcol|Shin|2018|p=28}}</ref> 카마루파라는 이름이 처음 사용된 지 6세기 후인 10세기 [[칼리카 푸라나]]에서 [[카마데바]]가 그의 형태(루파)를 되찾은 왕국이라는 설명이 처음 등정한다.<ref>{{서적 인용|title=A cultural history of Assam - Volume 1|last1=Barua|first1=Birinchi Kumar |last2=Kakati |first2=Banikanta |year=1969 |pages=15}}</ref>

한편 서사시에는 프라그죠티샤라는 이름이 등장하지만, 7세기가 되어서야 [[바스카라바르만]]이 자신의 왕국과 서사시의 프라그죠티샤를 연결하고, 그의 왕조 혈통을 바가닷타와 나라카로 추적하면서 카마루파 왕국과 연결되었다.<ref>"Considering the historical context of the seventh century Kamarupa, especially during the reign of Bhaskaravarman when the Varmans was ascending to one of the important powers in north India, it appears that they projected Kamarupa on a larger geopolitical map by combining it with Pragjyotisha, the Epic kingdom." {{harvcol|Shin|2018|p=38}}</ref> 9세기에 나라카가 카마루파를 정복한 후 통치했던 전설적인 도시로 프라그죠티쉬푸라가 이름을 올렸다.<ref>"The earliest name of Assam is Pragjyotisha, i.e. the territory of around the city of that name, while Kamarupa, later used as the name of the country, (was a) synonym of Pragjyotisha." {{harvcol|Sircar|1990a|p=57}}</ref><ref>"Pragjyotisha was, however, redefined in the Uttar Barbil and the Nowgong plates dated to the last quarter of the ninth century. Both record that Naraka, the conqueror of Kamarupa (''jitakamarupa''), used to live in a city (pura) named Pragjyotisha in Kamarupa." {{harvcol|Shin|2018|p=39}}</ref>
== 각주 ==
{{아삼주의 역사}}
{{각주|2}}

== 참고 문헌 ==
{{참고 자료 시작}}
* {{인용| last = Acharya| first = N. N.| title = ''Asama Aitihashik Bhuchitravali'' (Maps of Ancient Assam)| publisher = Bina Library, Gauhati, Assam | year = 1968}}
*{{인용|last=Baruah |first=S L |title=A Comprehensive History of Assam |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd |place=New Delhi |year=1995}}
*{{저널 인용|last=Boruah |first=Nirode |title='Early State' Formation in the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam |journal=Proceedings of the Indian Historical Congress |volume=66 |year=2005 |pages=1464–1465 |jstor=44145968}}
* {{저널 인용| last = Boruah| first=Nirode| title = Kamarupa to Kamata: The political Transition and the New Geopolitical Trends and Spaces | journal= Proceedings of the Indian History Congress| volume=72 | year=2011| pages= 78–86| jstor=44146698}}
*{{인용|last=Boruah |first=Nirode |title=Early Assam |publisher=Spectrum Publications |year=2007 |place=Guwahati, Delhi}}
*{{서적 인용|last=Casson |first=Lionel |author-link=Lionel Casson |title=The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text With Introduction, Translation, and Commentary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qQWYkSs51rEC |year=1989 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-04060-8 |access-date=26 February 2018 |archive-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819203201/https://books.google.com/books?id=qQWYkSs51rEC |url-status=live }}
* {{인용| last = Choudhury| first = P. C.| title = The History of Civilization of the People of Assam to the Twelfth Century AD| publisher = Department of History and Antiquarian Studies, Gauhati, Assam | year = 1959}}
* {{학위논문 인용|type=PhD |last=Dutta |first=Anima |date=2008 |title=Political geography of Pragjyotisa Kamarupa |publisher=Gauhati University |hdl=10603/68309 |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/68309 |access-date=25 April 2017 |archive-date=26 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426151727/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/68309 |url-status=live }}
* {{인용| last = Guha| first = Amalendu| title = The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228–1714)| journal = Social Scientist| volume = 11| number = 12| pages = 3–34| date = December 1983| doi = 10.2307/3516963| jstor = 3516963| url = https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/123456789/3259/1/OP_64_The_ahom_political_system.pdf| access-date = 24 September 2019| archive-date = 27 September 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220927081945/https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/20.500.12413/3259/OP_64_The_ahom_political_system.pdf;jsessionid=DFAD7BF728B5F9CEF60E5432E146CD27?sequence=1| url-status = live}}
* {{저널 인용|last1=Guha |first1=Amalendu |year=1984 |title=Pre-Ahom Roots and the Medieval State in Assam: A Reply |journal=Social Scientist |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=70–77 |doi= 10.2307/3517005|jstor=3517005}}
*{{저널 인용|last=Jacquesson |first=François |date=2008 |title=Discovering Boro-Garo |url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ebhr/pdf/EBHR_32_02.pdf |journal=History of an Analytical and Descriptive Linguistic Category |volume=32 |pages=14-49 |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803001248/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ebhr/pdf/EBHR_32_02.pdf |url-status=live}}
* {{인용| last = Lahiri| first = Nayanjot| title = Pre-Ahom Assam: Studies in the Inscriptions of Assam between the Fifth and the Thirteenth Centuries AD| publisher = Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd
| year = 1991}}
* {{저널 인용|last=Ludden |first=David |title=Investing in Nature around Sylhet: An Excursion into Geographical History |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=38 |number=48 |year=2003 |pages=5080–5088 |jstor=4414346}}
* {{인용| last = Puri| first = Baij Nath | title = Studies in Early History and Administration in Assam| publisher = Gauhati University| year = 1968}}
* {{인용| last = Puri| first = B N| contribution = Polity and Administration| year = 1990| title = The Comprehensive History of Assam| editor-last = Barpujari| editor-first = H K| volume = I| pages = 172–194| place = Guwahati| publisher = Publication Board, Assam}}
* {{서적 인용|last=Saikia |first=Nagen |editor1-last=Ayyappa Panicker |editor1-first=K |chapter=Medieval Assamese Literature |title=Medieval Indian Literature: Assamese, Bengali and Dogri |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA3 |volume=1 |pages=3–20 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |place=New Delhi |year=1997 |isbn=9788126003655 |access-date=14 November 2020 |archive-date=27 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927081944/https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA3 |url-status=live }}
* {{인용| last = Sarkar| first = J N| contribution = Koch Bihar, Kamrup and the Mughals, 1576–1613| year = 1990| title = The Comprehensive History of Assam: Mediebal Period, Political| editor-last = Barpujari| editor-first = H K| volume = II| pages = 92–103| place = Guwahati| publisher = Publication Board, Assam}}
* {{인용|last=Sarkar |first=J. N. |contribution=Chapter II The Turko-Afghan Invasions |editor-last=Barpujari |editor-first=H. K. |title=The Comprehensive History of Assam |volume=2 |pages=35–48 |publisher=Assam Publication Board |place=Guwahati |year=1992}}
* {{인용| last = Shin| first = Jae-Eun| contribution = Region Formed and Imagined: Reconsidering temporal, spatial and social context of Kamarupa| year = 2018| title = Modern Practices in North East India: History, Culture, Representation| editor-last = Dzüvichü| editor-first = Lipokmar |editor2-last=Baruah |editor2-first=Manjeet |pages = 23–55| place = London & New York| publisher = Routledge}}
* {{저널 인용|last=Shin |first=Jae-Eun | title=Changing Dynasties, Enduring Genealogy: A Critical Study on the Political Legitimation in Early Medieval Kamarupa| year = 2010 |journal=Journal of Ancient Indian History |volume=27 |pages=173–187 |publisher=University of Calcutta | place = Kolkata}}
* {{인용| last = Sircar| first = D C| contribution = Pragjyotisha-Kamarupa| year = 1990a| title = The Comprehensive History of Assam| editor-last = Barpujari| editor-first = H K| volume = I| pages = 59–78| place = Guwahati| publisher = Publication Board, Assam}}
* {{인용| last = Sircar| first = D C| contribution = Political History| year = 1990b| title = The Comprehensive History of Assam| editor-last = Barpujari| editor-first = H K| volume = I| pages = 94–171| place = Guwahati| publisher = Publication Board, Assam}}
* {{인용| last = Sharma| first = Mukunda Madhava| title = Inscriptions of Ancient Assam
| publisher = Gauhati University, Assam| year = 1978}}
* {{저널 인용|last1=Urban |first1=Hugh B. |year=2011 |title=The Womb of Tantra: Goddesses, Tribals, and Kings in Assam |journal=The Journal of Hindu Studies |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=231–247 |doi=10.1093/jhs/hir034 }}
{{참고 자료 끝}}
{{인도 중왕국}}
{{전거 통제}}
[[분류:카마루파| ]]
[[분류:인도의 역사적 지역]]
[[분류:아삼주의 옛 왕국]]
[[분류:아삼주의 역사]]