The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-01-14 00:00:00

have long held on tl.

sentiments of the t

own,

Lamps of Learning" is the title of a
The review of the "Bishop of Exeter's
e recommend to the serious notice of all true church-
lom. The remarks on " The

The Livia.

very brilliant article
Charge

men. It is a perfect mine of w

are.eNtre:re?y appropriate. The powei'-
fill article " The Naturc and Venality of Papal Indulgences"

Anglican Litun

will be perused witii much interest. Its exposure of the sel-
fish workings of Popery is complete and triumphant. "The
Principles of Popery Developed" is another article exactly
suited to the presenc crisis in the religious history of Great
Britain. We should like to see this very seasonable paper
printed in a separate form. Its extensive circulation among
professing Protestants might be productive of much benefit.
" The Character of Bishop Hurd" is a pleasing tribute to_the
memory of a distinguished scholar and.divine. "The- Pe-
rilous State of the Nation" is a production of Which any man
might feel proud. The arguments which it embodies are
incontrovertible. The " Ecclesiastical Report" and Mis.cel-
laneous Intelligence in the Church of England Quarteilg
Review are copious, accurate, and valuable.

Tire Churchman. January, 1840. London : W. E. Painter.
The opening article in the present number on " The
Present Position of the Church," is admirably written, and
ought to be perused by every sincere Protestant. The
reflections on. the " New Year" are such as every pious
mind ought to indulge in. We partieularly recommend to
the notice. of our readers the apposite remarks on "National
EduLition and the Centralising Principle." " The Church-.
man's Christian Course," is the title of a very' excellent
paper, abounding in practical instruction. Thg' account of
" The Duchy of Saxe Coburg Gotha," will be read with
Ve greatly admire the " Brief Reasons
for an Established Church." The " Life of Bishop Wilson"

vet y great,

is replete with the most important.spe.cies of instruction—
the instruction conveyed by the force of example. The cor-

respondence, poetry, reviews, and inisceilaneons intelligence
in the Churchman are highly interesting, and breathe a truly

Catholic spirit

The Village Cla

This is a very pleasing miscellany of ecclesiastical and
theological intelligence, adapted to the capacities of the hum-
bler classes of churchmen. It Ls conducted with very gretif
ability, and embraces a. vari;ty of articles of the deepest,
interest. The remarks on " Speaking the Truth iniove,7.-
form a very suitable ':ntroduction to the yearly volume. The
" Hints on Popery" arc truly excellent.' They could not.
have been introduced at a better. period.
Churchman's Sabbath Meditations" promise. to be a very
useful series. We are glad to meet with the appropriate-
remarks on the " Church Of England Societies." The
venerable Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Fo-
reign Parts," ought to be mere generally known than it is
".Popular Mistakes respecting the Church of England,"
and " The Bible," are excellent papers. ' We cordially wish
this unobtrusive periodical an extended circulation.

The Monthly Law Magazine and Political Review. January,

de periodical continues to improve as it ad-
vances in age. Its political essays are.perfect " studies." It
is almost needies; to repeat that they are strictly constitu-
tional or conservative in th.-:ir temlency. The paper on "The
Inns of Court—Legal `tidies—the Bar" will be found highly
interesting to the legal student. The author is evidently
quite on fait on the subject. We greatly admire the paper
on " The Prospects of the Session." Its vigour of style and,
keen discrimination entitle it to the very highest recoinnien-
dation which we can bestow upon it. Our professional
friends will derive much useful information from the admira-
ble essay on " Titles depending on Voltintary,Deeds." This
difficult subject is here handled with very great ability. The
paper on " Strangulation by the Umbilical Cord," in refe-
rence to infanticide, will be found highly useful to the student
of medical jurisprudence. The cases adduced in illustration
of the subject are very interesting. The essay on, " The
Motives to Criree" deserves a very attentive !perusal. • It is
replete with sound philosophical deductions. 'The " Notes
of Cases" in Equity mid Bankruptcy, Common Law, and'in
the. Ecclesiastical and Maritinm Courts, form a very valuable
compendium of legal intelligence. No statesnim. should be
without this excellent periodical, which has obtained a merited
degree of celebrity, not only on account of the information'
which it contains, but also on account of the striCiiy con-
servative tone of its politics.

This adm

January, 1840. Londiin : W. E.'
Painter.

IS4O. -London : W. Crofts.

The British Farmer':;fagazine. January, 1840." London

J. Ridgway and Son.

We feel that we cannot speak too highly of this valuable
periodical. 'We admire the fearless. and, independent tone
which it has assumed in speaking On the antiLcorn law agita-
tion. This nuniimr contains two excellent articles on this'
subject ; one on c• The Anti-Corn Law League," and. the
other on " The Corn Laws" generally. • The.flimsy
argu-
[lents of the Anti Corn Law Cir-

merits and gross inis-sta

A with great ability. The crack-brained
coneoetors of that stupid publication arc treated with very
little ceremony by the editor. The valuable paper on !! Arne—
rican Agriculture" is very carefully compiled, and presents
us with much information of
.an on inal, character. To the
on " National Education" we shall reply in' our
next. We have derived much gratification from the perusal
of the " Introduction to Practical and Economical Geology
and Mineralogy, including Mining and :\fetalhirgy," 'by Mr.
Donbavand. The-remarks on " Saltpetre as a Manures' are
sensible and valuable. " Facts and Opinions"
will prove
of great assistance to the practical farmer. They embody
much interesting information, of the highest importance to,
the agriculturist. The essay on " The Advancement -c.l
and the English Agricultural Societyk"
Agricultural Science,
displays a practical acquaintance with the subject.* The re-.
views and miscellaneous information in the British Fanner':,
Magazine contain iimch that is valuable to the agriculturist.
No farmer or landholder should be without this ably con-
ducted periodical.

evier arc here expos

General Sir B. C. Ferguson, M.P.,is at present in delicate
health, and May not, for a time, be able to resume hia.Seat
in parliament.
THE REAL .711,4 T iir.r.,:cti,LE OF THE NEW Poon.- Loa,
Pnoposno FOR ADOPTION TO AN INCONVENIENT
—That this law of no work no recompense should first of all
be enforced on, the manual worker, and brought stringently
home to him and his numerous class, while E 0 many other
classes and persons still go loose from it, ens natural to tl)
case. Let it be enforced there, and rigidly made good. It
behoves to be enfi»Ted ererpuliere, and rigidly made good;
ales, not by so:ii simple methods as refusal of out-door re-
lief,' hut by other costlier ones; which, however, a bountiful
Providence is not unfurnished with,, nor in th6e latter gene-
rations, (if we will unuerstand their convn:sions,) too sparing
to apply. 'Woe; is the mission of man in this earth. A day
is ever struggling forward, a flex will arrive in sonic 'apprOxi-
mat e degree, when he who has work to do, by whatever name
he may be naiood, will not find it good 'to show himself in
our quarter of the solar system) ; but 7thly ro and look oat
-Isewherff, if there be a:rtY.idle-planet discoverable ! Let the
oriest working man rejoice that such law, the first of Na-
has been made good on him ; and hope that, by and by,
all else will be made. good.- It is the lyginning of all. I‘,
.define the harsh Neva Poor-law to-be withal a' protection of
the thrift.y labour& against the thriftless and dlisolute ;' a
thing ineLprcssiblv important ; a half-result, detestable, if
yolk Will, when looked upon the whole result: yet ivithdut
which the whole resnit is for eyef.t:inattainahle ' Let waste-
fulues.s idleness:, drunkenness,- improvideneeTi take the
.fate
which God Las a”-ninted them"' 'that their opposite'nta'-
, , y
have a chance f9r11,-;r I:et theoor-taw-adrainistra--
be considerM
or
iiactiOnal.*actiee there; and"
ranch contradietioL.---==eliailihn, by Mr.

tui'e,

3c/I'll.

CONTEMPORARY PR ES.%

THE REPEAL OF THE CORN LAWS,--CO M.
PENSATION •TO THE LANDLORDS.

(Froki the Morning Herald)
The exceeding self-complacency with which the op-
ponents of the corn laWs are in the habit of deciding
the question of compensation, to which, even they ad-
mit, a repeal of the corn taws would, inevitably, give'
rise, is not, at times, unamusing. An ingenious even-
ing contemporary discusses the matter in the following
strain •

.• .
I.t.is,not.the business of those who are opposed to the
fclohlaw to demand its partial repeal. Founding on prin-
ciple, they should demand the total repeal, as an act of jus-
tice. It' any persons, being advocates of the law, come for-
wai.d and. say, The abolition would inflict an injury on me ;
I gave £20,000 for an estate,- relying on the corn law being
continued, which will not be worth above £12,000 if the law
be abolished ;' we are far from saying that such a case ought
notlo be taken into consideration.. If a farmer says he took
a lease for ten years in 1837, and gave 30s. an acre for the
land on the virtual pledge of the legislature that the corn law
should be continued, his case also may be deserving com-
pensation. We must, however, have the individual injustice
substantiated before giving redress.

This promise of " redress" must he, doubtless, ex-
ceedingly consolatory to the agricultural community.
The question may, however, suggest itself to sundry
farmers and landowners—" 'Whence are to be derived
the means of supplying the . compensation so magnani-
mously guaranteed to us, in the event of our abandon-
ing the corn laws ?" And, truly, the query is a co-
gent. one' The landowners of England have invested
in the soil upwards . of two thousand millions of mo-
ney; while the amount of farming capital is computed
to exceed seen hundred and fifty millions.. The amount
of capital 'embarked in trade is, on the other hand, less
than-two hundred and. fifty millions. These propor-
tions indicate but an indifferent prospect of compensa-
tion for landowners and farmers, should landowners
and faithers ever consent to a repeal of the corn laws.

THE CORN LAWS.
(From the Evening Mail)
We left off with the proposition that Ireland may be
made ta.yield from ten to thirty million's worth of ad-
ditional agricultural produce yearly. There are in
Great Britain 34,254,000 statute acres of cultivated
land, whiCh so far back as 1310; yielded an agricultu-
ral produce of the annual value: of £150,000,000.
There are in Ireland 14,603,000 statute, acres of cilia-
vated land, yielding, in 1835, an agricultural produce
of the annual value of £36,000,000.
So then, as-to the extent cultivated in Great Britain
is to the produce yielded there, so ought the extent
cuitiVated in Ireland :be to the. *duce yielded here,
and see What is the.result.

As 3-1,254.00 acres :-14,603,000 acres : £64,000,000

The result is simply this, that Ireland which now
yields i:36,060;000 worth of agri6hltural produce only
ouaut to'yield at least 464;000,000- worth to be on a
par with what Great Britain was even so long back as
•

But, as has been seen, the increase in-the amount of
agriculturo-produetivenesS in Great Britain since 1810
has been enormous. We hiaVe shown that less foreign
grain i now imported into the kingdom at large, than
in -the 'period a ten years immediately preceding that
date; while the mouths to- be supplied haVe increased
since then at tlici.i.ate of one-and-a-halt per cent. pet'
annum.
.Bettirdn' 1831 and 1835 the mean number.
of consumers has been upwards of 25,000,000; in
1810 the number of consumers was less than 18,000,000;
whence, then, came the supplies for these seven mil-
lions of additional months ? • Not • from abroad; for
from 1831 to 1835,.we. have actually been importing
less foreign grain. than we did in 1810. : these
.supplies. came from the better tilled farms of Great
'Britain and Iretand-• ' but low muelymore from those
Of 'the formerstlian "from those of tie latter We'have'
no aecitrat,i means of'aterinining. Let us, however,
-say that each island supported,its own additional pope-
lation -by corresponding.c&rts in production, and the
£150,000.030, at which the annual value of agricultu
rat produce in Great—Britain WA's estimated in 1810,
when the,population of- GrLitl3ritain was 12,000,030,
will swell £2.0'06,000 in 1835, when. the popula-
tion had risen 16.1.7,00.0,000. • •

Arguing, then, that Ireland ought to have yielded as
great.an'agricultural produce as great Britain (lid in
The same year in proportion to the extent of cultivated
land in each island, we have the,result:—

,As 34,'2.54,000 acres: S208,01:0,600 :—14,603,600 acres: £88,673,000

;That is to say, Ireland, to yield now as well as Great
Britain did in 1835, ought to yield annually about
eighty-nine millions' worth of ag,rricultural produce, in-
Stead of the thirty-Six millions' worth at which her
produce has been estimated. In other words, the agri-
cultural energies of the country 'are not yet developed.
All these calculations, in which for greater simplicity
'we have-adopted the round numbers, are grounued on
facts disclosed in the Appendix to the Third Report of
the Commissioners for Inquiry into the condition of
the poorer classes 'in Ireland, and in •" POrter's:Pro-
gress of the Nation :" facts Which have' never' been
disputed, and .which cannot be too prominently kept
before the observation of the Irish public. In the ap-
plication of them we claim.no credit to ourselves. In-
' deed; ve bitt,rcpeat the argument advanced on a part
ioftli-E;SA.ingiata by the writer: on, the " Capabilities of
University it.Tagazine" for
Jall;•1,83r1;414,-w.,04tannot , better follow. up ,the pro.,
gresslwve!ththavetn*been• enabled In make in awak-
enin#,'O'liiii 41-i•ZulftiriSts and English manufactu
cr;' to b'6ltfit s Ivioleh both may derive
00111 a :iiippoFt....to, than by quoting the
views of thin to the Luude and meam by
which these incrCased agricultural energies are to be
•

;he set ptical Ave can only 'repeat, we have,
as jOod land as the British ; we can afford to till it better ;
w Pi?iiiitl,:tber4Ore to have at least as good a crop. . But we
If:aS good a crop in proportion to our capabilities ;
we thCranielook to double our annual. produce at least be-
fore we rest. satisfied. Ilow the improvement is to take place
is another sirkiect.of iniportilt speculation. In the first
• pkicenanY one looking at the face. of the, country must see
that in-mien-4; quantities of arable land lie -unproductive in
the nooks and corners of our misshapen enclosures ; that the
soil lost in ragncd head-ridges, gripes, and bohereens is very
-considerable ; that thousands of acres of wet, and rushy oct-
toms might easily ha made prodUctive meadoW land; and
-that almost universally a vast improvement has still to take
place in all our impleinentsmflinsbandry. Next, the intelli-
gent 'observer must be struck with the want of proper roads
for the- transport of manure and produce, but particularly
with the inaccessible condition of thousands of noble lime-
stone quarries, which only wait a practicable avenue through
which .to -pour fertility over whole. parishes and baronies.
Then, whin our fences are reduced to convenient forms—.
when all the available surface of the land is cleared and
drained, and made accessible—when our mines of manure
•are opened up, and all our Mechanical aids of labour ready
to be put in operation—the question of the most TrOfitable
rotation of crops, and the best description of seeds, will still
• remainto exercise the ingenuity of the farmer."
Unquestionably we have
.on the average a better soil
than the English or, Scotch—a sweeter, kindlier, and
more easily tilled soil. We have, also a vastly greater
amount of avail:Al* labour to bestow on it. We want,
then, nothin...hut .g.better system of farming to. doable
oar produce atleast—tnereby . enriching, ourselves,- and
a keeping ihe he country in manufacturers of, t state' of
continuous prosperity. Even England might still
greatly. increase her produce. On this subject hear
Mr. Porter : •
It would lead to a digression which might be considered
out of place in these pages, if any attempt were made to exaL
mine the question of agricultural distress, as to which so
much has been said year after year, during a very large por-
tion of the time in whichthe extension of tillage and the in-
crease of production, here 'described, have been going for-
ward ; but „we only be allowed to remark, that the parties
• who, during all, that time, have embarked their capitals in
this branch of industry, must haVe been actuated
;by motives
altogether different from those which- influence the rest of
mankind, if they.have, year after year, been content. to ac-
celerate their own ruin by increasing the extent of their ope-
rations; While die total number or families iii Great Britain.
has increased, 1-Aitweeu 1311 and 1331; from 2,544;215 to
3,411.1.*;5 or at One rate of 34 per cent., the number of fiord-
.
lies einployeri in-Agriculture has increased 'only' from 895,998
to 961,134, or at the-rate of per cent. The increased pro-
duction which is thus sceir to, have been brought about by a
comparatively small addition of labour, has in a great degree
resalted from the employment of capital in improving the
soil, in draining and ;In:lnning, in throwing down a great
part of the l'ene,:; with which our fornfathers were accustomed
to divide their farms in small patches, by the use of improved
implenienta,of husbandry, and above all, through the employ-
inerit.of 'a better system of cropping by rotation. Nor should
we omit to`nOtice among the most effective causes.of this im-
proved condition of agriculture, the help: that has been boo-
rowed'from men of ,science. In particular, the researches of
Davy, undertaieen at the ,instance of. the Board of Agricul-
ture, ni,ierrt the beginning of -the preient' century, may. be
mentioned as having prodhced the happiest-results, by show-
ing the various resources we Can, command; through the-ap-
plication' of chemical kiloWledge, 'for remedying the defects
and iiiinro;ing.the riaturalcapabilities of different soils,". *
Tikere is ever reason to- hope and to expect that the.
improvements which of late years have been begun in the
nibandrY, are very far from having reached
in England, where the advances
tPhreuicresLeis noosft husbandry,limit. Even
hitherto made have been so great as to place our farmers be-
forean y
profitablecountries,
p
practices of some-districts into the
renrainins; parts of the kingdom,
rodricin those
g
thef mand by the consolidation of
small holdings into farms of greater size, in the hands of men
o
possessed Loth of capital and intelligence, as well as by the
probable ,discovery of still superior methods of culture,
through the-labours of 'experiments and the researches of.
hien of science. It has been recently affirmed, that in Wales
the, corintiF does not produce half of what it is cap able of'
Piriauthirgr and that if all England were as well cultivated as
iiorttruthberland and Lincoln, it Would produce more than
liaiihletht,4utintity-that is now obtained."
• " 4,lY,then, food enough can be had, if the nation
Will only insist on proper steps being taken to give se-
curityto. the fiqmer. What are these steps? Simply,
these to "maintain the laws -in 1"
ge.ieral, and the.corn'
laws an particular:
meke-.lreland safe for good far-
mers as a home; and:Ermatid safe for them as a market.
Do this, And we will .11-4-tr "-
1-1 tt 0 -inure. starving • cal ers"
neglect it. and the empire goes to ruin.
A most yaluable.y-Ork lately• •
nuthslled 1 • '''
. „
LLNItEII i:A 'USED STAGE EPimet.: Tn-
a drains recently
represented on the tin-ant at Berlin the head of a victim Of
the tyrant of the pibce was to tirese.ated to hint in a dish,
min table, and covered with a napkin.' All the preparations
Nvere most ingeniously made for this awful 4eetticle. The
head was•to be a real one, and the actor, who was to perform
e decapitated person, had to thrust' head
the part or th .
the bad; -Celle, and lay • in his
through ari aperturein, .
painted so as to m
ake a ghastly anpearam,e. Tins was done'
the tyrant had ,t
raised I napkin, .and the.audience were all
bd .rehew
the dead man's head replied to
th entirxie `tirade
horrified, _W
hich his murderer :
was in the act of delivering by
t W
turned it of sneezingn.which at once the scene into
a.liulicrous farce, and ,the lMuse rang Wit-4 laughter..Sonre
wag 'who had adrilissionhebind,the. scenes
had sprinkled the
blOod;;staineil (Hat with a ciyausity..of shod; . •
• •

.A_%,
. IVnlVkait ill,
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