The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-12-08 00:00:00

SUGAR.—Sugar is one of the most ancient productions of
India; Its Sanscrit name, sukkhar, is obviously the origin of
its European designation, as sukkhar kund is of sugar candy.
The cultivation of the vine was introduced into the south of
Europe by the Saracens ; it was extended to the Canaries by
the Portuguese, and from thence it was taken to Hispanolia
by the Spaniards in the year 1506. Nowhere have the ef-
fects of the introduction of new vegetables into favourable
localities been more remarkable than in the coffee and cane
plantations of the West Indies ; and nowhere has the import-
ance of selecting the best species for cultivation been more
fully manifested. The introduction of the Bourbon and
Otaheite canes, instead of those descended from the original
stock imported from the Canaries, produced a complete re-
volution in West India property about the close of the last
century. It was not until lately that this cane was intro-
duced into the West Indies ; but it has spread rapidly, and
the climate all over India seems adapted to it. A com-
parison between the sugars of the East and West Indies is an
excellent illustration of the great importance of culture.
Indeed, it will generally be found that acclimated plants at-
tain greater perfection in the country where they have been
adopted, than in that of which they were originally the na-
tives; as, for instance, pulse, potatoes, garden fruits, &c. ;
and the reason is sufficiently plain : in their new country
great attention is paid to their culture—in their native land
too much confidence is reposed in spontaneous production.
—Athencelon.

WHY WON'T THE WHIGS BUILD SHIPS?-It seems to us
a most extraordinary thing, that whilst every one admits the
necessity of England's maintaining a navy on a scale more
extensive and efficient than any other country in the world;
and whilst all parties exclaim that they would be delighted if
more money were expended on repairing and extending the
wooden walls of “ld England, the ministry should neverthe-
less exhibit such downright reluctance to comply with the
national wish. They cannot deny its expediency, and they
know full well that no House of Commons would hesitate to
furnish supplies, if demanded for such a patriotic purpose ;
nay, we even think they would become popular by adopting
such a course. Their paid scribes and underlings exhibit
such delight when they point out the repairing of some
rotten guard-ship, and their opponents so clamorously insist
on our navy being rendered more efficient, that we really
think the most popular act the ministry could do, would be
to add at once ten new line-of-battle ships to our fleet.
None would object to this augmentation of our truly national
force, or to the founding various establishments for the edu-

cation and schooling Of seamen, or at least adopting some
improved system for manning our navy. It is folly to say
we have all that we want; circumstances might arise to-
morrow such as to render ten ships a most acceptable addi-
tion to our force; whilst, as we are at present situated, even
though we were to be suddenly presented with such a force,
we could not find men sufficient to man three of them effi-

ciently.—From Fraser's Magazine for December.

How TO GET A TIGHT RING OFF A FlNGER.—Thread a
needle flat in the eye with a strong thread, pass the head of
the needle, with care, under the ring, and pull the thread
through a few inches towards the hand; wrap the long end
of the thread tightly round the finger, regularly, all down to
the nail, to reduce its size. Then lay hold of the short end
of the thread, and unwind it. The thread pressing against
the ring will gradually remove it from the finger. This
never-failing method will remove the tightest ring without
difficulty, however much swollen the finger may be.
A WlFE.—When a man of sense comes to marry, it is a
companion that he wants, not an artist. It is not merely a
creature who can paint or play, and sing and dance ; it is a
being who can comfort and judge, discourse and discriminate;
one who can assist him in his affairs, lighten his sorrows,
purify his joys, strengthen his principles, and educate his
children. Such is the woman who is fit for a mother and
the mistress of a family. A woman of the former description
occasionally figures in the drawing-room, and attracts the
admiration of company, but she is entirely unfit for a help-
mate to a man, and to "train up a child in the way he should
go."

SAGACITY OF THE ARAB HORSE.—Nothing can exceed
the attachment that exists between the poor Arab and his
horse, often his whole stock of wealth. The mare and her
foal inhabit the same tent with his family, and are caressed
by all. The body of a mare is often the pillow of her mas-
ter, and more frequently of his children, who roll about
upon her and the foal without the least risk. The kindness
thus engendered is returned by the mare in many of those
situations when the life of the child of the desert depends
only on the sagacity and swiftness of his faithful courser.
When the Arab falls wounded from his mare, she will imme-
diately stand still, and neigh until assistance arrives. Should
fatigue compel him to lie down to sleep in the desert, she
watches over him, and arouses him on the approach of man
or beast.—Whyte's History of the Turf.
- -

NEW MODE OF EXTINGUISHING FIRES.—At a lecture
on combustion, delivered at the Mechanics' Institution at
Cheltenham, on Monday, Mr. E. W. Wells, chemist of that
town, brought forward two plans which he suggested for ex-
tinguishing the largest fires in a very short time. After ex-
plaining that a common combustion could not be supported
without a supply of oxygen, he stated that his first plan of ex-
tinguishing consisted in shutting out the supply of oxygen in
the following manner :—" For instance, iron plates with a
wet incombustible compressible substance projecting from
the edges, might NI erected against the windows and doors,
and sustained by inclined poles ; the oxygen of the interior of
the house being only one-fifth of the whole air, would be im-
mediately absorbed, and none in addition being admitted, the
combustion would inevitably cease." The lecturer by means
of lighted candles placed in large glass vessels, proved the
correctness of this theory. The next plan was to suffocate
the flames by carbonic gas. He recommended the construc-
tion of a large machine, capable of containing one ton of car-
bonate of lime, a proportion of water, and about half-a-ton

(Jr atilt-A.4/h. at.iti , the utnitatA or thCbe bcitig ici
lated by valves and tubes, an immense quantity of carbo

gas could be generated and conveyed by its own pressure to
the interior of the house; combustion conld not for a moment
exist. Mr. Wells announced that he intended to lay his plans
before the government, and if he could get no assistance from
that quarter, to form a joint-stock company to construct the
machines described.—lnventor's Advocate.

A new discovery is said by the. Industriel Alsacien to have
been made; which, if the experiments which are now mak-
ing prove it to be correct, is very important. It is said that
by a certain chemical preparation or process, indigo can be
obtained from the saw-dust of the oak tree ; and that the
indigo thus obtained, presents upon analysis, all the proper-
ties of the indigo from the tropics. The experiments are
carried on in a village in the neighbourhood of Alskirch.
OPERATION FOR THE CURE OF WRY NECK.—The Lancet
contains a report of a recent operation by Dr. F. Snaith, of
Boston, for the cure of wry neck. The doctor first passed
the operating knife underneath, and then cut, in an outward
direction, the tendinous portion of the sterno—eleide-mastoid-
muscle. The patient described the sound produced to him,
in cutting the tenden, like that of breaking sticks across the
knee, and at the moment of dividing it, he felt excruciating
pain. The operation occupied scarcely a quarter of a minute,
and not more than two or three drops of blood followed. The
side, which had previously been depressed upon the shoulder,
bobbed up, like an automaton ffgure suddenly set in motion.
The wound caused by the introduction of the knife healed the
next day, and in three days the patient was enabled to resume
his usual employment. He has now the natural position of
the head without any effort, and the defect is perfectly cured.
WONDERFUL CLOCKS.—Two very extraordinary clocks
were, some time since, presented by the East India Com-
pany to the Emperor of China, being entirely manufactured
by English artists. They were in the form of chariots, each
of which contained a lady seated, leaning her right hand on
a part of the chariot, under which was a clock little larger
than a shilling, that struck, repeated, and went for eight
days without winding up. . A bird was on the lady's finger,
finely modelled, and set with diamonds and rubies, with its
wings expanded as if to fly, and which was made to flutter
for a considerable time on touching a diamond button. The
body of this curious bird, in which were the wheels that ani-
mated it, was less than the sixteenth part of an inch. In
the lady's left hand was a golden tube, with a small round
box on the top, to which was fixed a circular ornament set
in diamonds, which went round in three hours. A double
umbrella was over the lady's head, supported by a small
fluted pillar, and under which was. a bell that struck the
hour, though apparently unconnected with the clock ; and at
the lady's feet was a golden dog, before which were two birds,
set with precious stones, and apparently flying away with the
chariot, which, from another secret motion, is contrived to
run in any direction, while a boy appears to push it forward.
There were also flowers, ornaments, and a flying dragon, all
set with precious stoner, or formed of them, and the rest was
made of gold most curiously executed, and presenting a won-
derful specimen of ingenuity and talent.

MEETINGS OF CREDITORS FOR LIVERPOOL.
DECEMBER. HOUR
8, William Baines, Ist
8, Holdforth, Bald & Co. (proaf)
8, Thomas Tomlin, 2nd
9, William Farrell, (special)
9, S. S. Jackson
g, John Lloyd, (c"
g, Golborne & Do
10, Thomas Haw:

1, Sarnl. Dumbell
1, Catherine Char
1, Wm. Farrell, (p
1,• Joseph Crouch,
4, James Tatlock.
8, Mathew J. Seal

8, Parke and Ken
9, Warden and W

)bbs, (special)
)son, Ist
1. (proof and final div
rd, 2nd

goof and div
,2nd

Clarendon Rooms,
Ditto,
Ditto,
R. Frodsham's....
Clarendon Rooms,
Ditto,
Ditto,
Ditto,
Ditto,
Ditto,
Ditto,
Ditto,
Ditto,

g,-re, (proof and final div.)
Commissioners' Rooms, Manchester,
rick, Ist Clarendon Rooms,
anostrocht, ('roof and div.) Ditto,

PACKET B
GENER

DATS.—FALMOUTH STATION.
AL POST-OFFICE, December 4.

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