The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-07-07 00:00:00

f support, by Benjai
ng, together with the

ing the wife, to the sum of £22. for which sum " his lord-
ship" gave his promissory note. He stayed about three
weeks at the house of his new father-in-law, and then pro-
ceeded with his wife; after often trying to get away from her,
to Hetton, where he was seen by Superintendent Ingo of the
rural police, taken into custody, and from thence he was
committed to take his trial for the charge on which he was
now placed in the dock. These are the outlines of the nar-
rative in the learned counsel's speech,-after delivering which,
with much good humour, he proceeded to call the following
witnesses, whose evidence we shall not give at great length,
as it contains only a repetition of the statements made by the
learned gentleman in the course of his speech.
John Wood called.—ls a waggoner, living ii
in which town.he first met the prisoner in Ju
represented himself as the son of the late 7
and entitled to receive, on coming of aP-,
He represented L.'

n Birmingham,
1838, who

ird Kennec

entitled to .£60,000.

LITERARY NOTICES.

The Church of England Quarterly Review. July, 1840.

London : W. E. Painter, 342, Strand

Under its new editorial management this admirable review
is rapidly rising in popular favour. The articles in the pre-
sent number are of a very high order. " The Office of a
Bishop" is an excellent review of four episcopal charges,
severally delivered by the Bishops of London, Chester, Lin-
coln, and Salisbury. The writer has felt it necessary to

comment with some severity on the opinions set forth on
the subject of the article by the Oxford Traitorians. The
splendid article on "National Education" is calculated to
effect much good. It is replete with sound argument and
apposite illustrations. The paper on " Canon and Statute
Simony" is very important, and embraces a complete view
of the subject. The critique on " Lord Brougham's De-
mosthenes" does ample justice to that singularly ignorant
production. The comparison of the eloquence of " Bourda-
loue, Barrow, and Massillon," is exceedingly interesting.
The facts and statements adduced to show the " Spiritual
Destitution of New South Wales," are of a very melancholy
character. " The State and Prospects of the Jews" are

treated of in an article of great ability. " The Documentary
Annals of the Anglican Church"—" The Present Position of
Naval and Military Chaplains," and
the " Ecclesiastical Report," will amply repay a careful

the Scottish Kirk

perusal

Blackwood's Magazine. July, 1840. Edinburgh
W. Blackwood and Sons.

This is an admirable number. The continuation of " Ten
Thousand a Year" was the first article to which we turned,
and amply were we gratified by its perusal. It is decidedly
one of the best tales that we have read for many years past.
If brought out in numbers, with suitable illustrations, it
would, we feel confident, command a very large circulation.
The article on " Style" is exceedingly well written, and con-
tains some capital specimens by way of illustration. " A
Chapter of Turkish History" is a highly interesting sketch.
The essay on " Personification" is a truly philosophical pro-
duction. The author is evidently a man of deep thought and
great powers of discrimination. The review of Alison's
History of Europe" is very happily executed, and supplies
some important statistical details. The notice of

us wit'

" Germany, by Charles Julius Weber," explains some curious
traits in the character of our continental neighbours. The
only political article in the present number of Blackwood is
that on " Lord Stanley's Irish Registration' Bill." It con-
tains a sweeping exposure of the miserable, shuffling, and
hypocritical policy of the present degraded administration.

Fraser's Magazine. July, 1840. London : James Fraser,

215, Regent-street

The first article in this number is a curious disquisition on
" Occult Science," in which we are furnished with a detailed
account of " The Elixir of Life, or, the Universal Remedy."

The writer has, however, brought the essay to a somewhat
abrupt conclusion. " Il Bondocani" is a powerfully written
tale. " Here or there" is an agreeable melange, written in a

position" will be found of great value to the practical farmer.
The " Interesting Experiment on the Vegetative Power of
Sea Sand in Morecambe Bay" merits attention on account
of its singular results. The account of the " Progress of
Agricultural Improvement," from the pen of Mr. Towers,
is an elaborate production. Much good would arise from a
strict observance of the suggestions offered in the short
paper " On Correctly Reporting Experiments with artificial
Manures." The essay on " The necessity of studying the
Science of Field Entomology" treats of a subject of great
importance, and one which has been hitherto too much
neglected. The " Observations on the Excretory Powers of
Plants," &c. are very curious. The remarks on " Geology
and Agriculture" show the intimate connexion of these sub-
jects. The paper on " The Arrangement of Country Seats"
offers some valuable suggestions. Under the head of " Facts
and Opinions" we find some important practical directions
on agricultural topics. The continuation of Mr. Donbavand's
" Introduction to Practical and Economic Geology" will be
read with interest.

The Churchman. July, 1840. London : W. E. Painter

The contents of this excellent magazine are of a very high
character. The number before us has several original arti-
cles of great interest. The paper on the " Ministry of An-
gels" shows deep reflection, and breathes a spirit of fervent
piety. The " Observations on Bishop Burnett's Characters
of Edward the Sixth and of Queen Mary" display consider-
able historical research. The continuation of the essay on
" Popular Superstitions"• is extremely curious. The ac-
count of " Christianity in China" is, at the present moment,
deeply interesting, as is also the history of " The Syrian
Church in Malabar." The elaborate critique on the writings
of Lamartine, uader the head of " Sketches of Continental
Literature," will amply repay the trouble of an attentive pe-
rusal. There are some striking facts adduced in the " Testi-
mony relating to the Early English Church." The answer
to the Earl of Fitzwilliam's letter on the Corn Laws is a
masterly composition.

The Village Churchman. July, 1840. London: W. E

Painter

This cheap little periodical is an excellent ally to the more
learned and expensive productions which emanate from Mr.
Painter's press. It is calculated to be of great service to the
labouring classes. This number contains much interesting
matter. " The Pious Churchman's Sunday"—" Church
Bells"—" Popular Objections against the Church of Eng-
land"—" Hints on Popery"—," Churoh of England Socie-
ties"—" The Bible," and " The Liturgy," are some of the
most prominent and instructive articles.

The Hand-Book of Health, or How to attain Old .Age,
being sure and simple Remedies for the Preservation of
Health and the Prevention of Disease. London : C.
Mitchell, Red Lion-court, Fleet-street.

This is an excellent little manual, explaining the grand
and primary laws of nature and medical philosophy for the
preservation of health and the prevention of disease.—
It abounds in salutary advice on the subjects of temperance,
cleanliness, air, exercise, change of scene, occupation or
amusement, dress or clothing, and the incipient symptoms of
disease. Its maxims of diet and regimen will be found of
great value.

BANKING

TO THE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN

EDINBURGH, JUNE 18, 1840.—1 have lately addressed you
on the subject of the protection of agriculture, and I believe
with approbation.
I now to speak of what is termed Banking ; and my reason
is, that after patiently reading the vast variety of essays upon
this subject, and considering the various hints given of the
proceedings of the secret committee of parliament, I have
come to the conclusion, that the subject is not understood,
not in the slightest degree understood ' • and that every fresh
layer of speculation, is only burying it deeper.

What i; wanted in this case is, first, A PRACTICAL KNOW-
LEDGE OF THE SUBJECT; second, a habit of thinking upon
political subjects generally, and above all, of writing, which
is the test of thought ; and lastly, some clearness of head,
and faculty of expression. I happen to possess the two first
requisites from accidental circumstances. The parties I now
address will speedily be enabled to judge whether I possess
the last.

BANKING, as it is called, is nothing mysterious ; but
strange to say, the name is as absurd as any opinion that has
ever been broached about it: Money-changing is its origin,
and money-changers must have been coeval with the first
trading of one state with the other. In Judea the money-
changers seem to have sitten even in the porches of the
temples. They are a caste in India still, and still at little
benches. In Italy the same custom prevailed at first, and in
Italy a bench is called a bane; and hence the origin of the
term banking ; that is to say, doing business at a bench.
LENDING MONEY upon PLEDGES was evidently soon com-
bined with money-changing ; and this is another step in what
is termed banking. That as a public business seems to have
come from Lombardy to Lombard-street ; as the blue or gilt
pills still borne in the arms of the MEDICI, the great Florence
Physicians, and afterwards money-lenders, are still seen over
the doors of all pawn-brokers, or money-lenders upon pledges.
Up to this point, the issues of the money-lenders, were always
in coin.

It was in Holland tliat the circulation of paper first arose,
and this from accident. The people finding it dangerous to
keep specie in their private dwellings, deposited it in the
town-houses, under the care of burgo-masters or magistrates,
taking their receipts for the amount. These receipts soon
began to pass from hand to hand, and even to. be transmitted
to a distance. They were found so much more safe and
portable than money, that they speedily began to bear a pre-
mium ; the difference, namely, began the expense of trans-
mitting them from one quarter to another, and bullion. This
is the third step in banking; issuing and transmitting an
accredited obligation in place of money, and this obligation
deriving its credit, from being an acknowledgment for
money.

The fourth and last step in banking was, issuing the obli-
gations of persons of CREDIT, without the intervention of
money ; that is to say, obligations for which no money had
been deposited, but proceeding from persons who were sup-
posed capable of judging that those to whom they lent their
obligations were solvent, and that through their solvency the
banks (as places for transacting money matters were now
termed), would be solvent also. This is the fourth and last
step in banking, and it is evidently a great one ; in so far as
it economises the use of actual currency or bullion in the
carrying on on of transactions, and makes a bill of exchange
(as bank-notes are), equal to the gold or silver token ; and
this bill of exchange often testifying only an exchange of
credits, instead of commodities.