The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-12-14 00:00:00

THE LIV/RPOOL STANDARD.

Notes issued
Seven day and other bills

£24,366,085
885,717

£28,269,105
895,483

Total issued .
Deduct notes in the bank-
ing department ..

25,251,802
5,583,020

29,164,588
8,402,300

Total in circulation
Total amount of specie held}
in both departments of
the bank

19,668,782

20,762,288

£11,032,594

£15,002,873

The above exhibits a decrease in the circulation of
£1,023,506, and in the bullion of £2,970,279. Comparing
the present with last week there is a decrease in the cir-
culation of £191,872, and an increase in the bullion of
£429,651.
Consols for the January account left off on Saturday at
85i to 851, ex dividend.

ADELPHI THEATRE, CHRISTIAN;STREET.---The corn-
qined exertions of Mr. Batty and Mr. Cooke have cer-
tainly had the effect of producing for the public an enter-
tainment worthy appreciation. Never at any prior time
have the public had the opportunity of viewing, in scenic
action, more daring of more talented feats than those that
now result from the competition existing between the
British and the French equestrians. So great is the ri-
valry, that Mr. Batty has spared nothing of the strength
of the London company, Astley's, that could tend to at-
tract in Liverpool ; and those who do not now avail ther►-
selves of the opportunity afforded will omit, at least, a
treat. The Egyptian dragon carriage (the departure of
which from London is noticed elsewhere), arrived in town
on Friday, and has since been driven through the principal-
streets of the town, drawn by four beautiful camels, it is
really a stupendous and magnificent machine, and being
followed by the splendid stud of piebaled horses and dimi-
nutive poneys, and the strength of the company, presented
a splendid spectacle. The body of the .car was occupied
by the excellent band of the establishment, and the effect
was most imposing. Last night, "The Demon Horse-
man, or the Camels of the Desert," was produced under
the direction of Mr. T. Thompson. The plece is not only
adapted for stage representation, but is well suited for dis-
play. The camels, which are most happily introduced,
shew a sagacity astounding. The scenes in the circle were
most creditable—more particularly the performance of the
lady on a side saddle, which was passing excellent. The
bottle concluded the entertainment. The house was
crowded.

The arrivals of apples from the United States of Ame-
rica are beyond precedent in extent, and the quality is re-
markably fine. In several instances, vessels arriving from
New York have brought as many as nearly one thousand
paekages'of this fruit, of the excellent description known
as the American New Town Pippin.
A HINT.—The risk the country now runs is the ten-
dency towards an over degree of caution, the legitimate
offspring of discredit, and not from a leaning towards
commercial speculation. The first intelligible evidence
of this will be found in the last return of the Bank of
England. from which it will be seen that whilst the rate of
interest had been reduced to six per cent., and the reserve
increased to upwards of £6,000,000., the " other than
Government securities had materially decreased." In
other words, as the means of the Bank to afford accom-
modation to the trade of the country had increased the
demandfor money had diminished, for there is no reason
to believe that the directors had become more stringent in
their discounts. Another corroborating evidence of the
testimony to collapse, is the turn in the current of the
private deposits, which are now on the increase, at a
mpearniodd. wThehne,
poinpuolrar divniaerwy
otifmtehse,
ms
uobjeecyt is,is t muchhat mattin de
er
s
are rapidly getting sound, because the position of the
Bank of England is now so much strengthened that there
will be no difficulty in making any advance that may be
required on deficiency bills to pay the January dividends.
Nearly £3.000,000 of bullion has been received by the
bank since the lowest point of depression ; but it must
not be lost sight of, that it has been obtained at a much
greater sacrifice of the property of the country than all the
capital of the bank, and at the expense of paralysing our
industrial energies for some time to come. That the
country had a severe crisis to pass through, with the best
management, all reasonable men will admit, but that the
evil has been greatly aggravated by the manner in which
the bank directors have exercised their enormous poiver
under the bank charter and other banking laws is equally
indisputable, and calls for the strictest scrutiny for future
guidance.
MOVEMENTS OF POPERY.—In the House of Lords,
last week, the Bishop of Ely presented a petition from the
master (the Rev. G. S. Faber) and brethren of Sherburn
Hospital, in the county of Durham, on the state of Ire-
land. The petitioners alleged that hey were credibly in-
formed that the bull in ctena Domini is now in force in
that country, and that persons are denounced by Roman
Catholic priests from the altar ; and they prayed that
these matters might be inquired into, and the severest pe-
allte
force,
pe-
nalties inflicted upon the offending parties. The bishop,
after reading the petition, made some observations on its
contents. With regard to the bull in ccena Dotnini, he
stated the opinion of it held by Dr. Doyle, when examined
by a committee of the House of Lords, on the 21st April,
1825. Dr. Doyle, when asked, "Is this bull now in
force ?" replied, " It is not in force, nor ever was
y in
countries of do
nEnudrolpi nes: ifb etehna t rmeieereetei in force, therenenrl fa scarcely
anything would be at rest among the Catholic States of
Europe, and they have been as solemn and as earnest in
protesting against it as we have been at any period in Eng-
land or Ireland." Now, he (the Bishop of Ely) did not
know, he had not the means of knowing, whether the bull
in question was in force—the petitioners had reasons for
believing that it was ; but he must say, that if a bull so
spoken of by Dr. Doyle—so full of mischief t o any cour.-
try that admitted it—was countenanced by the Roman
Catholic clergy of Ireland—if it were connived at—if it
were not denounced by the whole weight of their authority
—they were deserving of the severest reprehension. He
then dwelt upon the enormity of priests at the altar mark-
ing out individuals for destruction—supposing the state-
ments of such proceedings to be true. He prayed their
lordships to bear in mind where it was written—" The
voice of thy brother's blood crieth unto me from the
ground ;" and to be assured that the voice of innocent
blood was at this time crying aloud for retribution.
• THE MURDER OF CHARLES I.—My apprehension of
this sin overbears my expression, and I know not how to
set it off, for black receives no other colour.—.Poynder.

SOUTH LANCASHIRE SPECIAL COMMISSION

The winter gaol delivery for the Southern Division of
this county was opened on Saturday last, before Sir E. H.
Alderson, one of the Barons of the Exchequer, and Sir
Thos. Coltman, one of the Justices of the Queen's Bench.
On Sunday forenoon Baron Alderson attended divine
service at St. George's Church, acompanied by William
Gale, Esq., the High-Sheriff, the Mayor, &c., when an
excellent discourse was delivered by the Rev. Mr. Raw-
son, the Sheriff's chaplain, from the 19th chapter of the
Ist Book of Kings, 11th and 12th verses.

CROWN COURT—YESTERDAY.
(Before Mr. Baron ALDERSON.)

His Lordship took his seat, in the Crown Court, at
eleven o'clock. The calendar contains 104 prisoners, of
whom only seven are set down as being able to read and
write well; and twenty-five can do neither. After the
names of the justices had been called over by Starkies
Shuttleworth, Esq., Clerk of the Crown, the following
were sworn of

THE GRAND JURY.
Wm. Blundell, Esq., Crosby Hall, Foreman.
Henry Ashton, Esq., Wootton Wood.
Elkanah Armitage, Esq., Manchester.
Thos. Ashton Hodgson, Esq., The Grange.
Hardman Earle, Esq.. Brook Farm. •
John Fell, Esq., Broughton Tower.
Wm. Fletcher, Esq., Liverpool.
Robertson Gladstone, Esq., Court Hey.
Michael Hughes, Esq., Shirdley Hall.
Hugh Hornby. Esq., Sandown.
Thos. Berry Horsfall, ( Mayor of Liverpool,) West Derby.
Alex. Fowden Halliburton, Esq., Whitley Hall, Wigan.
Thos. Haigh, Esq., Elm Hall.
Wm. Jenkinson, Esq., Salford.
Daniel Neilson, Esq., Liverpool.
James Rigby, Esq. Moss House.
Francis Shand, Esq., Everton.
John Sawrey, Esq., Broughton Tower.
George Henry Carleton Sunderland, Esq., Lund Hall.
Samuel Henry Thompson, Esq., Thingwell Hall.
Samuel Taylor, Esq., Eccleston Hall.
Henry Woodcock, Esq. Bank House, Wigan.
Joseph Need Walker, Esq., Calderstone.
The proclamation against vice, profaneness, and immo-
rality was then read, after which his Lordship proceeded
to deliver THE CHARGE.

His LORDSHIP commenced by observing that he was
glad to find so full an attendance of gentlemen of the
county on the grand jury at this inclement and unusual
season of the year, though he was afraid he must not
consider their attendance as unusual, because it had con-
tinued so long that it might almost be considered part of
the usual course of justice in the county of Lancaster.
Indeed, he could not see how it could well be otherwise
than that in a populous district like this there should not
be a discharge of the gaol within a certain number of
months, :for if there were not, the spring assizes could
never be concluded within any reasonable time. He
thought, therefore, as this was a populous neighbourhood,
they must consider the present arrangement as a perma-
nent part of the criminal judicatory of the county, though
the same would not apply to any place where the popula-
tion was not so. numerous. He did not know if the pri-
soners had their option whether they would be desirous
of a more speedy trial than the usual course would afford
them ; still it was desirable that not more than a reason-
able time should be appropriated to their imprisonment
previous to trial. He believed, however, that the pri-
soners might be tried as much too quickly as too slowly,
and it was necessary that the course of justice should not
be conducted in unseemly haste, that prisoners should be,
tried in as decent and respectable a manner as possible,
that time should be afforded to parties getting up the
prosecutions to prepare all the evidence which would be
produced, and also that prisoners who were generally of
the lower classes, and had not always the means at hand
for conducting their defence, should be allowed time to
collect the means, and such evidence as they were able to
do, to meet the charges preferred against them. He
thought, therefore, that too much precipitation was
as great an evil as too much haste. As a general
principle, however, his Lordship was of opinion
that a more frequent gaol delivery would be of advantage
to the country if it could be accomplished; but then it
would require a much larger staff of officers than there
were at present. People must not expect grapes from
thorns or figs from thistles. They must look to both sides
of the question, consider it in all its bearings, see which
was the best, and if it could be done, he (the Learned
Judge) wished theirs all possible success. His Lordship
then proceeded to observe that with respect to the
calendar into which they were about to enquire, it
was one of very great aggravation and calculated to
excite considerable anxiety; and, what was very lamen-
table, was that it contained so great a number of prisoners
charged with offences against the person. There were
nine charged with the crime of murder, twelve with that
of stabbing, nine or ten for manslaughter, some under
circumstances of considerable aggravation ; besides, in ad-
dition to which, there were the usual number of robberies
and burglaries, so that, if they looked through the calen-
dar, they would find that there were but few offences
against property, whilst against persons and property,
and persons alone, there were many. How such a
state of things was to be remedied, God only knew.
He (the learned judge) hoped the grand jury would take
the matter into their serious consideration, with a view of
suggesting some remedy. Some suggested education as
a remedy, and undoubtedly education might do something,
but it would not do much, because he believed the present
cause of crime was not the want of education, but the
want of good principle, the want of being trained
in the way they should go he believed it was the
being exposed to temptation without sufficiently
good principles having been inculcated, to enable
them to resist it. He did not know whether want
might not have contributed to the increase, for
he found when that prevailed there was generally an in-
crease of crime, and perhaps that might be one occasion
of it, as no doubt there had been considerable distress in
this county. They would, however, endeavour not merely
to educate the people, but also to be charitable and kind,
and endeavour to prevent them falling into that tempta-
tion which it appeared they had not good principle enough
to resist—to assist them not merely by teaching them to
read and write but also in obtaining good principles—in
fact, to do what he ( the learned Judge) called real, sound
education, namely,—to teach them the way they should
go. Education, no doubt, consisted in reading, and
writing, and arithmetic, but that was not all; true educa-
tion was teaching them the way they should go ; in other
words, implanting in their minds good principles, to assist
them to resist temptations, to submit to privations if they
should unfortunately be subject to them, and in times
of difficulty to look to God and the world to come.
With regard to the crimes in the calendar, there were
two classes on which his lordship thong st it necessary to
offer a few observations—those were the crime of murder
and the crime of manslaughter. The crime of murder,
they knew, consisted of killing a person with what the
law called malice or forethought, that is to say, there
must be the intention to kill without any provocation,
which would amount to a justification, but if there were
such circumstances, which would not amount to a justifi-
cation of taking away life, yet, if a struggle or a fight
took place which would produce hot blood, the law looked
upon the provocation not as a palliation of the offence
but as reducing it, if there was a reasonable ground to
suppose the violence was inflicted in hot blood, to the
crime of manslaughter. It must, however, be borne in
mind, that language, however strong, was not sufficient
to justify personal violence, and would not reduce it from
murder to manslaughter. The law would not permit
that, however opprobrious the language might be. Nor
would a small blow, such as a tap on the cheek,
(he, the learned judge, used this by way of illustration) if
avenged by a blow which produced death, reduce the
the crime from murder to manslaughter, because it
would not be reasonable that violence should be met
with violence so much greater in degree. So again,
suppose a man said to another, " Come on, strike me,"
and the person did so, and then the blow was resented by
violence which deprived the party of life, that would not
be manslaughter, but murder, for it would be what Shaks-
peare called,
" Getting on the windy side of the law,"
i
nnniurl
cdil
nemuoehrnsrsneednda.o.le r to accomplish that which he intended to do. In
sc
t
tftatloceolanai
mtfdes
eaotepahl
amtl
ebti
towhol
form,horeri
aforethought.
thaeohwwo uacui
tan., t
ogi
spchfie wouldprovocation,
ehhvt they
whether
nataom
ciddhtonuen:
s:n,allowetva hhlinboteeedolnoadki tottfhthdatseeoteogn
:topptphi
taaihuterreeswtt.tiyl
ea
seaf
istt
,oeadsdi
umda,
woulda
substance,ivnhnaoai
w
t
d
one of the parties used a weapon which produced death,
that would not be murder but an aggravated case of
manslaughter. There was one case which occurred only
a few days ago in this Borough to which they would apply
what he had said, as on it would depend the question
whether the bill should be one for murder or manslaughter
only. So again with respect to another case in the calen-
der, and which arose in this Borough. It was the case of
a woman who was accused of having murdered an infant
child, by exposing it to the weather. The Grand Jury
would have first fo inquire whether the exposure of the
child was really the cause of its death. The' child did
not die immediately, but if the evidence of the surgeon
fully satisfied them that the exposure was the cause of
death, then they would enquire whether the accused
had exposed the child with a view of causing its
death. If the Grand Jury found that it was exposed
in a place where it was likely soon to be picked up, and
that it was probably placed there for the purpose of get-
ting rid of the change of it ; then, although it was very
wicked on the part, of the accused, still it would not
amount to the crime of murder, and the grand jury ought
to find, a bill for manslaughter only; because, although
she did not intend to kill the child, but merely to get rid
of the charge of it by exposure, she would at least be guilty
of manslaughter. If, however, she exposed the child
with intent to kill, she would be guilty of murder.
There was a charge of embezzlement on which he
thought it necessary to say a few words. It was
a case where a merchant's clerk had been entrusted to fill
up a check his master had signed in blank and left him to
obtain the money. No doubt this was a very imprudent
and negligent way of doing business, because, although he
told the clerk not to fill up the check for more than a cer-
tain amount, yet they knew very well a mere verbal direc-
tion was, in reality, no limitation of the man's authority.
He had, by the act of the check being signed in blank,
the power of filling it up for any amount he chose, and
they must trust to his honour and honesty not to go be-
yond that amount. Then it appeared that the accused,
instead of filling up the check as directed, as was to be
supposed, he filled it up 'for a much larger sum. The
proper course appeared to him ( the learned Judge) to
tfeat such a case as one of receiving money from the
debtor (for the banker he considered the debtor of the
merchant) for the master, as in truth it was receiving a
debt of his master's, and if he appropriates that to his
own use it is a case of embezzlement. He ( the learned
Judge) did not think that lie could be indicted for
larceny, because the money never was in the possession
of his master. Then there were some cases of forgery
in which a man goes and borrows money from clubs
formed for the puipose of lending money to young
tradesmen, representing himself as the borrower. lie
must say he thought the directors and secretaries of such

clubs would do well to know the identity of the persons to
whom they lend money. In the cases he alluded to, he
(the learned judge,) thought there had been very great
carelessness on their part, but he had generally found
that people were not so careful with the money of other
people as of their own. If it was found that the accused
had assumed the person, and signed the name, not of
himself, but of a third party, it was a case very like one
which occurred some years ago in the county of Cumber-
land—he meant the case of the husband of the celebrated
beauty of Buttermere, who signed his name, pretending
that it was his own. He was, however, held to he guilty
of forgery, and as the offence was then capital, he not be-
ing pardoned, was ultimately executed. That was not
now capital, but the law as to the nature of the offence
still remained the same. He did not know there
were any other cases requiring particular directions
from him. There were, however, cases which would re-
quire the careful attention of the grand jury—cases of
poison, in which they would have to inquire whether the
party actually administered the poison; and though that
was a very serious question in point of fact, there was no
difficulty in point of law; for if the administration was
proved to be wilful, no doubt the parties were guilty of
murder where death ensued. Then, there was a case
where a man was charged with the murder of his wife.
His lordship called the attention of the grand jury to that
case. It appeared from the depositions that a weapon of
a very dangerous nature had been used—a large poker,
that two blows had been inflicted, and the witness then
left the deceased lying on the floor. Whether a third
blow was or was not given was a material question for the
grand jury to consider. He would recommend them to
attend to the wounds on the head as described by the
surgeon, and if more than two blows were given, he was
afraid it would turn out that the third blow was inflicted,
for which, according to the depositions, there was no pre-
tence for alleging any mitigating circumstances. With
these observations and directions his lordship committed
the various cases in the calendar to the consideration of
tiic grand jury, feeling satisfied they would do their duty,
both to the satisfaction of the court and the public, and
what was much more, to the satisfaction of their own
consciences.

The Grand Jury then retired.
BUP.GLARY

Joseph Hughes, aged 27, was placed at the bar charged
with having broken into the house of Mr. Austin, at
Manchester, on the 13th September last, with intent to
steal.

Mr. Milne appeared for the prosecution, and Mr.
Whigham for the prisoner.
It appeared from the evidence, that about two o'clock
on the morning in question, the police-officer on duty in
passing the house of the prosecutor found the guard of
the coal-cellar removed. He alarmed the inmates, when
the prisoner was found lying on the coals, having removed
some soda, soap, and clothes from the front cellar to near
the spot where he was found. The defence was that the
prisoner was drunk, and had fallen by accident into the
cellar.
The Jury found the prisoner guilty.—Sentence deferred.

STABBING CASES.
William Bridge, 20, was indicted for maliciously stab-
bing his brother, Richard Bridge, with intent to disable
or do him some grievous bodily harm.
Mr. Cross appeared for the prosecution. The prisoner
wat not defended.

It appeared from the evidence that on the 7th Septem-
ber, the prisoner, his brother, •and father were drinking
together at a public-house at Wardle, near Rochdale.
The prisoner quarrelled with his father, the prosecutor
interfered, and the prisoner was turned out of the house.
On their moving home, the prisorrer ran after his brother,
and stabbed him with a pocket knife in the left side.
The jury found the prisoner guilty of a common assault.
His lordship, after a severe reprimand for getting intoxi-
cated, sentenced the prisoner to three months' imprison-
ment.

Thomas Parkinson, 32, was charged with stabbing
George Hall, at.Westhoughton, with intent to disable or
to do some grievous bodily harm.
Mr. CRoss appeared for the prosecution. The prisoner
was not defended. .

The brief facts of the case were these :—The prisoner
was a hawker of fish, and on the 7th of October last, was
at Westhoughton in a state of intoxication. The prose-
cutor and another person went up to the prisoner's cart.
He accused them of stealing his cockles, which they de-
nied. He then ordered the prosecutor to march off,
and the order being disobeyed, the prisoner stabbed him
in the chest, inflicting a wound, but not of a dangerous
character. He was found guilty of stabbing, with intent
to do grievous bodily harm. His lordship sentenced him
to nine months' imprisonment, and hard labour.
William Shewell, 20, a respectable looking young man,
surrendered in discharge of his bail, on a charge of stab-
bing Jeremiah Pooley, at Much Woolton, with intent to
maim, to disable, or to do some grievous bodily harm.
Mr. MONK appeared for the prosecution, and Mr. Jo-
BEM POLLOCK for the prisoner.
The prisoner is the son of a retired Liverpool trades-
man, and the prisoner the conductor of an omnibus. On
Tuesday, the 2nd November last, the prisoner was at the
house of Mr. Warburton, publican at Woolton, in a state
of intoxication. He became quarrelsome, mid was turned
out of the house by Warburton. Shortly after the pri-
soner returned with the prosecutor. whom he had asked
to have a glass along with him. The person in attend-
ance refused to supply him with any liquor, and he was
again turned out. The prisoner again attempted to enter
the public-house, when the prosecutor took him by the
arm to persuade him not to go into the house. The pri-
soner told the prosecutor to let go, and immediately
stabbed him.

His LORDSHIP said the jury would hardly find the pri-
soner guilty of the felony, as there did not appear to be
the slightest motive for stabbing the prosecutor. There
had been no quarrel between them : but, on the con-
trary, they were on friendly terms. He therefore recom-
mended the jury to take the most lenient view of the case.
The jury thereupon found the prisoner guilty of a com-
mon assault only.

His LORDSHIP admonished the prisoner to refrain for
the future from exceeding the bounds of moderation, and
sentenced him to six weeks solitary imprisonment.

HIGHWAY ROBBERY.

William Beckett, 21, Charles Lee, 23, Gerard 11.1' Der-
molt, 21, Joseph Green, 18, and John Marmon, 19, were
indicted for robbing James Edwards on the highway, at
Manchester, and putting him in bodily fear.
Mr. Monk appeared for the prosecution, and Mr.
Joseph Pollock for the prisoner Beckett. The rest were
undefended.

It appeared from the evidence of the prosecutor that on
the night of the 19th August, about half-past twelve
o'clock, he was on his way home, when the prisoner Green
stopped him and asked him for sixpence. He told him
he had no money. One of the other prisoners then
knocked him down with a spade, and the rest rifled his
pockets, but all they could find was a knife and comb.
He identified all the prisoners as being present at the
time, but some doubt was thrown on the evidence as to
presence of M'Dermott, by a witness who admitted he
was present, but swore M'Dermott was not.
The Jury acquitted M'Dermott, and found the others
guilty. His Lordship sentenced Beckett and Green, who
had been previously convicted, to be transported for 10
years, and Lee and Marmon to 7 years' transportation.