The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-05-14 00:00:00

John Stewart, aged 22, was charged with bavinb,
vember last, assaulted John Arkwright, with the intention
of robbing him.

in No-

It was stated, that the prisoner was one of the most daring
and desperate thieves in the town of Liverpool, and he was
now brought up from fears being entertained lest he should
make his escape. He was to have been tried at the last as-
sizes. but he contrived to make his escape out of the dock,
and he was since re-taken at Warwick.

The prisoner was sentenced to fifteen years' tr
tion.

The Grand Jury were discharged at half-past three o'clock.
They did not make any presentment.
The court adjourned at half-past five o'clock to nine
o'clock this morning.

THURSDAY.
CASE OF ASSAULT

Mr. Frederick Smith was tried, by indictment, on a
charge of having, on the 15th of March last, violently as-
saulted an old woman named Catherine Brannon, " without
any lawful cause or provocation, whereby her life was endan-
gered." The principal circumstances of the case have, for
the most part, been already before the public, through the
police reports in the newspapers; and as a full denouement
of the " interesting" affair (which involved a love matter be-
tween the accused and the noted Mrs. Beale, late of Union•
street) did not even take'place on the trial, a brief notice of
the facts, as adduced in evidence, will suffice.—Mr. Holland
conducted the prosecution, and Mr. Murphy the defence.
—Mrs. Lee, the principal witness, who was close by when
the old woman fell down the stone steps at the entrance to
the office where the defendant was employed, in Union-
street, spoke to the assault so far as seeing the prosecutrix
held by the wrists by the defendant and pushed back by km,
after which she fell down back foremost:, and sustained the
injury—a double fracture of her leg. The push was on the
landing, on a level with the first or upper step, and her foot
tripped her on the .step below. She was carried to a house
opposite. The witness was told by Mrs. Beale, who now
lodged with her, that she would be paid her rent when the
action for damages to be brought against the prisoner was
settled. Hannah Beale, daughter of Mrs. Beale, admitted
that the prosecutrix had gone across the street to the de-
fendant, and said, " You villain ; you have been the ruin of
that (Mrs. Beale's) family." He said if she had anvtbiag
to say to come into his office and say it. She followed him
as he went into his office, and took hold of the handle of
the door. When he came out he pushed her down the steps.
The witness denied, in cross-examination, that she had seen
any drink in the house that day, or that the prosecutrix was
drunk. The prisoner had been a great annoyance to her
" mamma." " She did not like him on account of his wick-
edness, in destroying people's characters." Mr. Smith had
not addressed Mrs. Brennan before she called him a villain
Mrs. Beale spoke to seeing the defendant push the prosecu
trix backwards. On severe cross-examination witness sai
she could not say she was a widow; but that Mr. :-,nit
might have fancied that he was paying his addresses to Ir
as such. From the further cross-examination of this
ness, it appeared that she had quarrelled with Mr.
behalf of another Adonis, Captain Curtis, who I,
turned Smith out of the house ; and that she bad purchased
goods from a Mr. Lynn, representing herself (as she s'••'
neither as a married nor a single woman ; but
defending an action at law, when the money was de.
as the plea that she was married. She denied that
told Mr. Smith, while he paid his addresses, that her
band had died in America, or produced any certificate
him to that effect. Dr. Cripps stated that the prosccutr
appeared to be sober when he was called in to see leer, 1)4
tween ten and eleven o'clock, on the night after her fall-
which it appeared occurred at four o'clock in the afterj,;(l,or,),er.
Mr. Murphy addressed the jury at some length for the '63
fence. The whole prosecution was instigated, I
on the spirito,ore
tnhaeteße rival.ales ,
uw heorehmadardkiesdcasrtdreodngAllyr. Smith fora neiiveeiro-eaelodrtbn;
than those parties to his client, who had u
abused him and followed him
neces-
sary violence to eject the prosecutrtixos,edhaf:stoer
and not by any
osrfilicee.hadTghreostsali‘i
was occasioned by her own intoxication,
violence on his part—for he had
blow, He- said that the
present
jto- pave the way, if possible, for
an action for damages in at
astitoruncki n hera
criminal a si
court was brought expressly Y .
civil court against his client, and
.
He was about to call several wit-
nessesand amongst others a professional
m
defence,preoia eve ithat the prosecutrix was blind drank
at the time
case
theto recorderhe,
that
whateverinterfered.
injuryll e t
snwho ought to
for be
would ohe urledP
ex-
pressed
his.
ehieew
he
proseentra had received had been brought on by her ewr
m
isconduct and imprudence, as she had followed the
tlctfeed-
sfeolfi, the whe
ant and abused him at his awn office. The jury concurred,
and a verdict of acquittal was immediately returned.
The
recorder, addressing the prisoner, said—" Dont you live i,
future in the same street with the Beaks." Mr. Murnl-
" Aye, dont follow the widow again."
Mr. Smith was then discharged from We bar.

imptnal tiaritanunt.

F LORDS.—MONDAY.
titions were presented for and against
orn laws. one of which gave rise to.a

sound in its proper place.
ormed the house that he had

self and his compa-

As in Syria,

bill went through com-

OF COMMONS

'MONDAY

sere presented for and against

%PS
to on Lord Sandon's amendment with
ties was resumed by Mr. EWART, who
any reason to expect the large supply

s in the course of the en-

nember entered into calculations in
apply of sugar would not exceed that
ile the population of these countries

osed any alteration of the corn laws.
ort of compromise upon the subject,
that even the noble lord (J. Russell)
the proposition of a fixed duty of 8s
Believing the question of the alte-
re intimately connected with the
Ise, and that both rested on the
le against the proposition of her

e his concurrence to the proposi-
though he thought that ministers
ng them forward without having

through parliament

that all classes of the community
dvantages from the adoption of the
proposed by the government. The
was not whether there should or

tection in favour of our colonies, but
be a greater protection than a differen-
t. It did seem strange to him that any
be so unreasonable as to claim a greater
he expense of the consumer. He was of

duty of the house to protect the con-
sacrificed to any pi ivate interest what-
.t if sugars were allowed to come into
•ms proposed, London would become

ions on the Continent, to an extent
►e case. Much of the business tran-
nd Antwerp would take place in Eng-
f British instead of foreign shipping.
eman concluded by 'eying his entire,

rence to the propositions of the

contended that the effect of the pro-
be to destroy our West India colonies,
r more flourishing than ever, by the en-

mild be thus given to its prOchice. The
he noble lord (J. Russell) on Friday
s than a defence of slavery, for all his
ely the same as were formerly used by

)pposed to negro emancipation.
upon it that neither that house nor
3uld ever accept the proposition of
at the expense of grinding down the
1 of Cuba—they would not tolerate the
__lining sugar cheapened at the price of
ufacturing interests of this country would
ord that the best ,thing that could be done
be, to preserve to them the markets they
)ssession of. Na*, from the returns quoted
it appeared thatthe exports of British ma-
West Indies had increased, within a short
m 40 per cent., and to British North Ame-
The increase in foreign markets was not
our colonies ; and yet the noble lord by his
levelling a joint blow at two of the most
;ets—the West Indies and Canada,
declaring that he was doing so for
icturer.

f England

i the propositions of the govern-
d a,great deal of pleasure, con-
ht would prove, if carried out,
11 classes. He bad hoped that the landed
iroposition was made to abate all mono-
aimated a willingness to mitigate their
iimself mistaken, and regretted that class
prevail over those of the public.
d that the government appeared to pro-
-3f increasing the revenue, and, at the
prices—two things almost incompatible.
a great many experienced mercantile
at they had no confidence in the linan-
d by the Chancellor of the Exchequer,
that one relating to the introduction
. respect to the corn laws, he was in
.ion in them, but the amount of fixed
.ould support would greatly depend upon
done with the poor bill. It was thought that
n which he had been recently engaged, might
me influence on the measures of government;

A they

takii‘g its circumstances into consi-
well indeed if it should produce some

Les of the house

thought the relief to the consumer in
ouch higher interest than the conse-
!last or West Indies, but the noble lord
ere would be any appreciable benefit to
!suit of his proposition. On the con-
k;the reduction in the price of sugar as
`fl per cwt, which, attbe average rate of
d make a difference to the poor operative
ole year. The noble loid contended that;
itsuce, England would fall from the high
ptcl ttc-estimation of nations, and the value
,s,lWlfaZe,hitherto exhibited with respect to the

kndered wholly nugatory. It would
to rein , slave traamonce more legal, and to
ship trfrom Liverpool under proper and hu-
thaby this measure to give encourage-

,ne regnlatini

Irriir shrirbiyiia iiAjtjrs where it existed in its nmostie-
:haracW .: noble lord concluded $X expressing
ation 'to Atbitii, lOr the resolution: of his rrble 'friend

.x, k. 444.. he looked with anxiety to the de-
b,lo7Anlight come to duly bethatseite•saw

fgc-wiqithought their own monopolies in
nrinciple should be applied to themselves
i •
4 7 04v4.0 ',lit to be applied to the protection duties
.aril to defeat a measure calculated to
iti i e lAsperity of the country. The hon.
Ail' the house of the enthusiastic support
luskis4on by his political opponents when he
-(1 his principles of free trade, and contrasted
ception which gentlemen on the opposition
> the present Government when trying to carry
les which Mr. Huskisson promulgated. He
party man, and wished to see his party in power,
ntlemen on the opposition benches would carry
nciples of free trade, so important did he deem
to those gentlemen he would give as warm and as
port as he was that moment giving to his right
-.....5. The right hon. gentleman then defended the
ment from the charge of having taken either Parlia-
,r the colonies by surprise in the proposition which
..ad made, and contended that it would be better to
I a fair protection only to the colonies, instead of de-
g them with a monopoly which had never been found to
rmanently beneficial. There was, in his opinion, very
weight in the arguments that the contemplated measure
I encourage slavery or the slave trade. At present this
try sent manufactured goods to Brazil in large quantities,

t the p

rich goods were paid for in sugar which was rehired in Eng-
id in bond, and exported to foreign countries. Surely this
ig encouragement to slavery quite as effectually as if
e-grown sugar was consumed in England. In fact,
question was, whether the trade should be carried
rect or circuitous means. It was to be recollected
the existing treaty with Brazil, the highest duty
ould be placed on British goods was 15 per cent. ;
ty would expire in 1841. It was supposed in. Brazil
ould expire in 1842, and much irritation prevailed
the prohibitory duties imposed by Great Britain on
produce, and unless some alteration in those pro-
duties should be made, it was unlikely that the corn-
ith that country should be continued on terms so fa-
to British manufactures. Ministers might not,
riumph in the decision of the house upon that oc-
e was so much of soundness in the proposi-
, that they must ultimately be adopted by the

GLADTONE said that the house was not called upon
:hat occasion to decide upon the principles of free trade,
ause the resolution before the house was that the import
ies on sugar were to be governed by higher principles than
connected with trade or commerce. The real question
whether they were to abandon an experiment for the
lition of slavery to which they had hitherto steadily ad-
ed, and towards the success of which the people of this
ntry had made very large sacrifices. As to the benefit to
consumer, it would be a poor consolation to the poor
rative of Bolton to tell him that in order to relieve his
:ressed condition there should be a reduction in the price
ugar of is Gd in the cwt, a redaction which could never,
possibility, reach the quantity required by the poor opera-
It was worthy of remark as to the expected supply for
ensuing' year from our colonies that all the estimates of
probable supply of sugar far exceeded the greatest con-
aption that had ever hitherto taken place in Great Britain
Lily one year, The hon. gentleman contended that there
; a great difference between coffee and sugar, because of
former article there was not a sufficient supply; the pro-
e of free labour and coffee was not the cause of slavery,
it required but little labour of any kind, while to the ne-
sity for great labour in the production of sugar might be
ibuted tee origin and continuance of the slave trade. The
pct of the goVernment was to increase the supply of sugar,
if the supply of foreign sugar was to be increased, so
st the number of hands to produce it, and so must an ad-
onal number of Africans be torn from their families. The
Led of inducing the Brazils to mitigate the evils
1 to take steps towards its ultimate extinction,
lord at the very same moment was proposing
only inducement we could hold out to them to
Jf admitting their sugars to our market. This
ad paid twenty millions towards the abolition of
I twenty more millions in the shape of gifts to
ers and in armaments to suppress the slave trade.
des, paid something like ten millions in the price
aking fifty millions altogether. Besides all this,
great sacrifices in human life in our settlements
he coast of Africa, and, after all this, they were
port to stimulate that lust of gain which had
p up slavery and the slave trade, notwithstand-
ons which had been made to put it down.
i. gentleman sat down, several members rose
mrnment of the debate, which immediately

to defeat. It was impossible to lay down the principal that
we ought not to consume in these countries the produce of
slave labour ; for if so we must exclude the slave-grown cotton
of the United States. Still further, in order to be consistent,
we should prohibit the consumption of slave-grown sugar in
Newfoundland, Canada, the Cape, and in the West Inies ;
for where was the principle of allowing it to be consumed
there, while prohibiting it in Yorkshire. Yet he was well
convinced that if a proposition was made to exclude slave-
- 1 A

grown cotton from British consumption, not only Sir Robert
Peel and Mr. Qladstone, but even Dr. Lushington himself,
would scout the proposition as an emanation of madness.
He quite appproved of the principle of endeavouring to put
down the slave trade by means of British cruizers, but he
was by no means prepared to go the length of prohibiting all
intercourse with those states in which slavery existed. It
was very doubtful whether the exclusion of cotton would
benefit the slaves in America, but a certain effect of such a
proceeding would be to plunge thousands of Englishmen in
ruin and destruction, and—a probable one—the transfer of
our manufactures to other countries. The right hon. gentle-

man denied that the budget had been brought forward with-
out great confidence on the part of the government that they
would be able to carry its chief propositions. At all events
the good seed was sown, and before long the proposed reforms
would become the law of the land. It might be true that the
present ministry might not occupy their present place, but
they would remain true to the principles of their party, and
it would not be the first instance in which that great party
had willingly yielded the harvest to parties who had taken no
share in sowing the seed.
Mr. WARD said that t e proposition of the noble lord
(Sandon) was very skilful, s was very clear from the ease
with which the right hon. en4ber for the Tower Hamlets
(Dr. Lushington) had falle into the trap laid for him. The
hon. member contrasted th condition of our manufacturing
population with that of thePWest Indian negroes, and said
that the prosperity of the latter would be far more gratifying
if it was the result of labour finding its own level in the Eu-
ropean markets • but, unfortunately, it was the result of
an indirect tax which' pressed heavily on the poor of Eng-
land. He was of opinion that the corn-laws might be
altogether repealed if corresponding changes were made in
our fiscal regulations. This question, they might rest
assured, whether understood in that house or the contrary,
was perfectly well understood by people out of doors, and
would not be readily abandoned.

Sir R. INGLIs said the question before the house was not
whether the budget of the Chancellor of the Exchequer was
to be agreed to, or the contrary, but whether the house was
prepared to place the slave owner in a better position than in
which he now stood. He hoped that neither that house nor
the people of this country would ever consent, for the sake
of getting their sugar a penny a pound cheaper than it now
cost them, to offer such a direct premium for persevering in
the traffic in slaves. _ _

Sir G. CLERK said he was astonished that any person of
the name of the tight hon. gentleman should have said that
it wag quixotic and absurd to put a stop to slavery by dis-
couraging the produce of slave labour. No one would deny
those principles of free trade which might be considered as
axioms in the abstract. No one would contend against the
principle that we should not force our poor lands to produce
what we might get cheaper from more genial climates. In
the abstract there was no denying the principle, but then
there were disturbing causes, such as the national debt and
others, which so raised the value of money, that it was
hopeless to enter into competition with foreign countries
without adequate protection. He believed it would be ad-
mitted that, in respect to articles of food, it was deMrable
to render this country as far as possible, independent of
foreign supply, but this could not be accomplished if the
protection afforded by the corn laws were withdrawn. The
right. hon. gentleman contended that this country in bring-
ing sugar from Brazil to be refined here, and re-exported,
did not add to the evils of the slave trade, because Brazil
was already in possession of the European markets, and
what was thus brought did not supply the place of sugar the
produce of free labour, which would be the case if it was
admitted for consumption in the home market. The right
hon. gentleman concluded by declaring his intention to op-
pose the proposition of government as calculated to disturb
our commercial relations, without at all benefitting the con-
sumer, while it would be injurious to the West Indies, and
would afford great encouragement to the slave trade.
Mr. C. Woon regretted that so little solicitude for the
suffering people of this country had been displayed by those
who supported the resolution of the noble lord, the member
for Liverpool (Lord Sandon). The hon. member for Not-
tingham (Mr. Walter) had certainly called upon the house
to take into consideration the condition of the labouring
classes ; but he had, notwithstanding, concluded by announ-
cing his intention to vote against a measure calculated to df-
ford them some relief. The hon. gentleman read some let-
ters, giving a most gloomy description of the state of our
manufacturing population, and then said he was ready to ad-
mit that some of the protective interests might suffer from
the government proposition, and that landlords might find
in many instances that it had caused a diminution of their
rentals ; but, for his own part, he was ready to forego a por-
tion of the protection he had hitherto enjoyed, in order to
carry out a great financial and commercial meaekire, calcu-
lated to benefit all classes of society. The hon. gentleman
then contended, that if the measure proposed by government
was to be rejected by gentlemen on the other side of the
house, they ought to give some hint of the measures whieh,
in their opinion, ought to be adopted. The hon. member
entered into a description of the various modes by which the
financial difficulties of the country could be met, and having
deprecated anything in the shape of direct taxation, as being
oppressive to the industry of the country, and repudiated the
principle of meeting a falling revenue by raising loans, con-
cluded by declaring his opinion that every view of the ques-
tion showed that the only true policy was to meet the de-
mands upon the country by promoting its trade and com.
merce, by an alteration of those regulations which gave mo-
nopolies to the few, to the injury of the many.
Mr. GOULBURN contended that, under the circumstances
attending the concession of emancipation to the negroes, it
was impossible the house could agree to the proposition of
the Chancellor of the Exchequer. It was evident, from the
returns which had been read, that the supply of sugar calcu-
lated upon for the present year was many thousand tons
greater than had been imported for a series of years, so that
the right hon. gentlemen might safely rely upon an increased
revenue from sugar, without passing his proposed measure,
—that, in fact, the revenue would be this year largely in-
creased by simply leaving things alone. The arguments in
support of the measure as one of commerce were as futile as
were those which had been advanced in support of it in a fi-
nancial point of view. He admitted that dissatisfaction pre-
vailed in the Brazils against this country, but not on the

ground of its protective duties, but because of its strenuous
exertions to put down the slave trade; but he could see no
difference in principle between their doing so and offering an
open encouragement to slavery by admitting slave-grown
sugar. With respect to the admission of slave-grown cotton
the case was not in point, for in the case of sugar they were
about to open a new market to slave-grown sugar, which was
not open to it before. This was an argument which could
not be applied to the slave-grown cotton and tobacco im-
ported from America. The right hon. gentleman then ad-
verted to the boasts made by the Whigs that they were the
parties who had advocated the interests of the slave,
and who had passed the Act of Emancipation, and said that
he was unwilling to deprive them of the credit which was due
to them upon that account ; but he must, at the same time,
remind the house, thatrat the Congress of Vienna, a conser-
vative negotiator, acting under the instructions of a conser-
vative Administration, had forced upon the powers of Europe
a conviction of the propriety of recognising the principle of
an abolition of the slave trade.
Sir G. GREY said that the government had been, during
the three nights' discussion which had taken place, most
anxious to get at what was likely to be the policy of the hon,
and right hon. gentleman on the other side of the house, but
in vain-until the right hon. gentleman at length informed
them that their policy would be to leave things alone. This
announcement would not be received, he believed, with very
great favour by the commercial portion of the community.
The right hon. gentleman intimated that the real opposition
to this measure respecting sugar was, that it was regarded by
the opposition in the same light that it was regarded by the
hon. member for Lincoln, as the outwork defences of the
corn-laws. He then adverted to the inconsistency of admit-
ting slave-grown cotton for the interest of our manufactu-
rers, and excluding slave-grown sugar which would be so
nseful to our manufacturers, and contended that in principle
nothing could be so absurd as to advocate the propriety of
maintaining that both propositions were reconcileable. The
question was not as to the amount of duty proposed by the
Government, but as to whether the j would adopt a protect-
ive instead of a prohibitive system. The more the subject
was discussed the better it would be understood by the peo-
ple, who would see the unwillingness of hon. gentlemen on
the other side to grapple with the details of the question.
Mr. GOULBURN, in explanation, said that his expression
of leaving things alone applied only to the opinion that the
revenue from sugar would be this year increased by doing

nothing.
After some observations from Mr. IRVINE the debate was
adjourned until to-morrow.

HOUSE OF LORDS—WEDNESDAY
The lords did not sit to-night.

HOUSE OF COMMONS7NYEDNESDAY

Mr. MUNTZ altered the form of his notice relative to the
Earl of Cardigan, and gave notice that he would move an
address to the crown, praying that an inquiry might be insti-
tuted into the conduct of the Earl of Cardigan, while in com-
mand of the llth hussars.

Mr. CHOLMONDELEY resumed the adjourned debate on
the sugar duties, and argued that the proposed reductions
would in no way benefit the consumer, for the saving, what-
ever it might be, would find its way into the pocket of the
merchant. _

Lord Howicit said he entirely dissented from the hon.
member for the Tower Hamlets, as to the opinion that the
admission of foreign sugar would tend to the encouragement
of the slave trade. He could not admit that there was any
'reason to suppose that sugar, the produce of free labour,
could not compete with that which was the result of slave
labour,—on the contrary, he believed that free labour, if
properly stimulated, was more than equal to a competition
with slavery. Our sugar estates in the colonies had hitherto
been conducted in the most barbarous manner, being con-
ducted entirely by agents for proprietors resident in England.
Ifa farm in England was to be similarly conducted by an
agent for a proprietor resident in Jamaica, the result, he
believed, would be very much the same. If, however, those
estates in the West Indies should be conducted by those im-
mediately interested in their success, who would also be inte-
rested in introducing an improved system of agriculture, he
had no doubt but the free labour sugar would undersell the
slave grown sugar in the European markets. On the other
hand, while a monopoly was given to our colonies, it was
hopeless to expect anything like an improved system of agri-
culture. He was of opinion that the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer might have gone still further, and proposed a reduc-
tion of duty on colonial sugar, trusting for an increased re-
venue to increased consumption ; but the proposition as it
stood would be attended with much advantage to the public,
not so much by the decrease in the price of sugar, as by the
opening fresh fields for the industry of the country. The
house would recollect that if the measures of the government
were rejected, they must resort to fresh taxation, the result
of which would be to convert a vast number of rate-payers
into receivers of relief from those rates to which they now
contributed. _ _ _ _ _

Mr. C. W. WYNN contended that the proposal of Mi-
nisters would be, if acceded to, a direct encouragement of
the slave trade. He denied that the whigs had a right to
assume to themselves the credit of carrying the Slave Eman-
cipation Act. That act was not fairly to be claimed by any
party, for it was the result of the irresistible voice of the
nation raised against the accursed traffic.
Mr. NV. EVANS advocated the measure proposed by go-
vernment, and expressed a hope that the country would not
relax in its exertions to put down thelslave trade, though he
did not think that in order to do so they should impose very
great additional burdens on the people, when the object
might be otherwise attained.

Lord
L WORSLEY opposed the measure proposed by the
Government, and condemned the projected interference with
the corn-laws.

Sir A. GRANT insisted on the right of the West Indian
proprietors to protection, more particularly when it was re-
collected that the £20,000,000 which had been given by par-
liament as compensation to the slave owners was scarcely a
third of the value of the emancipated slaves. The proprie-
tors had as valid a property in their slaves as in their lands,
and when their right of property was interfered with, the
full value should have been paid. That had not, however,
been done, and in addition to the wrong thus inflicted, they
were now to be deprived of the protection which they had
hitherto enjoyed.

Mr. J. CrCoNNELL supported the Government proposi-
tion, and said, that though an Irish member, he must de-
clare that he could not see any benefit that the corn-laws

•
conferred upon the country. He would, however, in com-
mittee vote for the exclusion of all foreign sugar, the produce
of sive labour. ,
Si?U. -R. REID said that a more reckless, injudicious, and
inconsiderate Government than the present he had never
heard of. He hoped the house would very quickly come to
a decision, for since the proposition of Government, trade
was almost necessarily at a stand.
Mr. GISBORNE opposed the resolution of the noble lord
the member for Liverpool, and contended that the fate of
the corn-laws and of the present duties on sugar was sealed,
inasmuch as these alterations had been proposed to the house
by the ministers of the crown. This opinion was not his
own, for he quoted it from a speech of Sir R. Peel's, who
declared that no existing regulations could be maintained in
their integrity after being once condemned by a minister of
the crown, supported by the authority of the crown itself.
Mr. S. HERBERT said that no one would dispute the
theory of free trade, buf there were circumstances of mode
and time which should be taken into consideration in con-
nexion with it, for otherwise any counting-house would sup-
ply from amongst its clerks chancellors of the exchequer and
statesmen quite as efficient as any which could be found in
that house. Admitting the correctness of the doctrines of
free trade, he, notwithstanding, contended not only that the
mode of alteration proposed by the government was injudi-
cious, but that it also was imprudently timed. It was not
just that, because hon. gentlemen on his side of the house en-
tertained this opinion with respect to the mode and time of
the introduction of these measures, they should be therefore
taunted with acting under hypocritical pretences.
Mr. V. SMITH opposed the resolution of Lord Sandon, on
the ground that it advanced a proposition not founded in fact.
It assumed that the people of England had advanced the
£20,000,000 for some purpose to be yet effected, instead of
advancing it for a purpose already accomplished—that of
abolishing slavery in our own dominions. The bargain was
completed, and the West Indian colonies had no right to
claim the continuation of a tax on the people of this country
for the purpose of increasing their own prosperity, which, by
every account, was already very great—indeed, far greater
than before the passing of the emancipation act. They had
the choice of relieving the distresses of our own population,
with the chance of injuring the population of some other
country ; and for his part, he thought they ought to confer a
great and certain good upon our own labours when it was ex-
tremely doubtful whether by so doing we should inflict any
injury whatever upon any other people.
Lord STANLEY said he gave his cordial concurrence to the
resolution proposed by Lord Sandon, and was decidedly op-
posed•to the measures proposed by her Majesty's ministers.
It was contended that these propositions were to be supported
in accordance with the principles of free trade ; and it was
asserted that on both sides of the house the principles of
free trade were admitted. Now, as he understood, the
principles of free trade were these, that there should be uo
protective duties—that we should buy when we could, and
any duties levied for the purposes of revenue should be as
low as possible, and levied equally upon all, and that, if
possible, no duties should be levied upon articles of general
consumption. Those were the true principles of free trade ;
and he was happy to say that, in the present state of the
country, no gentleman, on either side of the house, had been
guilty of the absurdity of saying they should be adopted.
The question, therefore, was not a question between mono-
poly and competition, for the discriminative duties, which
the government still left unreduced, were still in prippiple a
monopoly, and directly at variance with the doctrines'd free
trade. The noble lord denied that the propositions now
brought forward were the same as those brought forward by
Lord Althorp's government. The material difference was
this, that when the alteration of the timber duties was no
longer necessary for the purposes of revenue Lord Althorp
proposed to make a larger reduction of the duties on Baltic
timber without adding to those on Canadian produce. With
respect to sugar it was an article which should be exempted
from the ordinary rules of commercial policy. and in
dealing with it prohibition should be the object and not pro-
tection. He then argued that as regarded the revenue there
must be an increase to a large amount from sugar, not in
consequence of the proposition of the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, but rather, notwithstanding that proposition, for
the vast quantity which it was estimated would be imported
from the colonies this year must, of necessity, increase the
revenue without the aid of the introduction of any foreign
sugar. Every one knew that the Emancipation Act would,
at first, make sugar dear; and it was said by the hon. and
learned member for Dublin last year that the question was
not to be considered upon any ground of price; for if put
fairly to the people of England, whether they would have
sugar one penny, or more, per pound cheaper, the produce
of free labour, he had no fear of the reply. Neither had he
(Lord Stanley) any fear of the reply. That was the question
now put to the people of England, and he had not a doubt
as to the reply ; but he must express his astonishment that,
after such a speech last year, upon a motion similar to the
present, then broudat forward by the hon. member for Wigan,
and opposed by the government, the hon. and learned gentle-
man should now take the course of supporting the measure
'proposed be her Majesty's ministers, opposed as it was to his
strongly-expressed opinions upon the subject. The noble
lord then said that it would ill become him, who had
been the person selected by the government of Eaii
Grey to bring forward the great measure of emanci-
pation, and who had called upon the West' Indian pro-
prietors to make the sacrifice they had done—it would
ill become him to assent to any proposition calculated
to render that measure nugatory. He denied that the im-
portation of Brazilian sugar for the purpose of refining gave
any encouragement to slavery, because, as the sugar was re-
exported, no new market was opened for its consumption.
He did not mean to deny the financial and also the mercan-
tile difficulties of the country, but be thought our commercial
affairs, though at present somewhat languid and desponding,
had still sufficient elasticity to recover, for its present con-
dition was rather owing to the distracted state of American
affairs, than to any want or failure of national resources at
home. The noble lord concluded by condemning Ministers
for throwing loose upon the country a crude and undigested
scheme just at the moment when they were about losing
office, as they had long lost power, when they must have
known that they never could carry it into operation ; a scheme
which caused, in the commercial world, a panic, which was
only calmed by the subsequent conviction that it would never
meet with the sanction of Parliament.:
At the conclusion of the noble lord's speech, the debate
was adjourned.

PETITIONS FOR CHURCH EXTENSION.—We are glad to
find that petitions are in course of signature in many parts
of the neighbourhood in favour of a parliamentary grant for
church extension. We surely need not urge the claims of
our country, paramount as they seem to us, to be provided
with public means of worship at the national expense. Need-
less, however, as such arguments may be to those who look
with Christian feelings upon the wants of the country, we
sorrow to say that our legislators have not the moral courage
to act upon such principles ; and it is nothing but an inces-
sant demand that will ever convince the House of Commons
they have anything to do with the spiritual interests of the
people whom they represent. We entreat every parish to
take its place in this effort, and to increase its exertions in
proportion to the necessities of the case.—Doncaster Chro-
nicle.

DEATH OF A CHILD BY FALLING INTO A CELLAR
AREA.—An inquest was held, qn Saturday last, before Mr.
Chapman, the borough coroner, on the body of Mary Wain-
wright, an infant 14 months old, daughter of Mr. Wain-
wright, of Murray-street.—lt appeared from the evidence of
Ann Davis, a neighbour, that about twelve o'clock the pre-
ceding Wednesday, the deceased, who could just walk, was
standing near a cellar in Murray-street, when she slipped
into the cellar, by which her head was so injured that she
died on Friday.—The mother of the child stated, that the
area was protected only by two horizontal bars of iron, and
three upright ones ; that this was the sixth accident at the
same place within the last four years ; and that four of them
had been attended with fatal results.—The jury returned a
verdict of accidental death : and, by their desire, the coro-
ner wrote to the owner of the property, informing him of the
accident, and requiring him to put up a better protection to
the area.—Manchester Guardian.
WESLEYAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY.—The anniversary
meeting of this society was held on Monday at Exeter-hall,
upon which occasion Mr. J. Emerson Tennent, M.P., took
the chair. The meeting was crowded to excess, the fair sex
forming the majority of the audience. Amongst those on
the platform we noticed Sir George Murray, Sir G. Rose,
Col. Conolly, Mr. Sergeant Jackson, Mr. Plumutre, Sir R.
Bateson, Mr. C. Hindley. &c. The Rev. Dr. Bunting read
the report, from which it appeared that the receipts of the
society during the past year had amounted to £90.182 8s Bd,
whilst the expenditure had been £109,225 15s 10d, thereby
leaving, together with the debt before existing, a balance of
£39,916 6s lid against the society. To meet that sum there
was a set off of £12,332 19s 2d, due from various foreign
stations to which temporary aid had been granted. Nume-
rous speeches were delivered, and a series of resolutions
were passed in furtherance of the objects of the society.
CHURCH PASTORAL AID SOCIETY.—The sixth anniversary
meeting of this society was held on Tuesday, in the large
room, Exeter Hall, Strand, London, and was very nume-
rously attended. The Right Hon. Lord Ashley, M.P. took
the chair, and called upon the secretary to read the report.
It appeared from that statement, that in consequence of the
augmentation of the finances, and the extension of their
operations, many churches, chapels, and schools had been
erected. During the past year the society had made addi-
tional grants to 57 incumbents, having the care of 219,171
souls, and providing stipends for 48 clergymen and 12 lay
assistants, at a charge to the society of £3947. Two grants
of £125 had been made towards the building of school-rooms
in places where the local resources were exhausted. The
society's grants, up to the present date, were stated to be in
aid of 277 incumbents, having an aggregate population of
1,991,375 souls, while the average amount of their incomes
was only £163. Of these incumbents 139 were without par-
sonage houses. Previous to the aid of the society only 314
clergymen were engaged in the pastoral care of the above-
stated population ; at present 225 clergymen and 35 lay
assistants are supported by the society at a charge of £20,340
per annum. The income of the society had considerably
increased during the past year, being £3489 9s. 7d. above the
receipts of the preceding. The total income was £39,655
16s. 5d., and the expenditure £21,769 13s. Bd. Several
addresses were delivered and resolutions passed, after which
thanks were voted to the noble lord in the chair, and the
meeting broke up.
INTREPIDITY OF A POLICE CONSTABLE.—The magis-
trates sitting at the Town Hall, Croydon, last week, had to
dispose of a charge against two notorious poachers, named
Nicholson and Page, and a third man named Denham, of
being in Sanderstead Park for an illegal purpose, and also
with committing a violent assault upon Thomas Tappin, one
of the police constables of the P division. It appeared from
the evidence of Tappin, who had his head much cut in the
affray, that while on duty, about halt-past two o'clock in the
morning, at Sanderstead, he saw the defendants, and two
other men, get over the hedge into Sanderstead Park, and,
suspecting. they were about committing some offence, he
shortly afterwards followed them ; on his going into the
rookery he found that some iron chains had been fixed to
one of the trees, and two of the men had ascended, and Page
was about following them when the constable seized him by
the leg and pulled him down, when a struggle took place be-
tween them, and, on Page calling on his comrades to assist
him, they did so, and they all attacked the constable. The
latter, however, being a very powerful man, would not re-
linquish his hold of Page, and he actually succeeded in
getting the other two men down, and they all struggled to-
gether, as afterwards appeared by the state of the ground for
a distance of 30 yards, and during the time the constable was
kicked and struck on the face, and very much hurt. By
this time an alarm had in some way been given, and a pri-
vate watchman, who sleeps at the residence of Mr. Hill, the
tenant of Sanderstead. Park, got up, and armed himself with
a gun, and, accompanied by a blood-hound, proceeded to the
spot, where he found the three prisoners and the constable
struggling on the ground. The dog immediately seized one
of the men, and dragged him off, and with the assistance of
the private watchman the three prisoners were eventually
grn oks
was e were w
no also sdoo
a foundbt
to
secured, and placed in safe custody, but the other two made
their escape. Upon an examination being made the ground
presented a very plain appearance of the desperate struggle
lyingthat hdaeclatda,keson
tpillaict the prisoners
s
d
on, when the
x you?
object
plunder the rookery. The next day the prisoners were taken
Croy
before Messrs. Sutherland and Currie at
above facts were deposed to ; and the constable, in addition,
stated that he did not draw his staff in the affray, because he
was afraid they might get it away from him and use it about
his person. The magistrates ultimately committed the de-
fendants for three months to the House of Correction. The
prisoners are notorious characters, and one of them some
time back underwent an imprisonment of 12 months for a
violent assault upon a gamekeeper. It is said that the com-
missioners of police have directed a gratuity to be given. to
the constable Tappin for his intrepid conduct.—Morning
Herald.

BURSTING OF A STEAM-BOILER AND Loss OF LIFE.—
On Monday morning about half-past five the inhabitants on
either side of the Thames near Blackfriars-bridge were
aroused from their slumbers by a loud report, which sensibly
shook the houses, and. in an instant after three men were
seen straggling in the water, amidst large pieces of floating
wood. It appears that the steam-boiler of a ballast-barge,
used for cleansing the river off the south-west of Blackfriars-
bridge, had burst. Several boats instantly put off to their
assistance, and they were rescued from a watery grave ; one
man, however, named Constable, who was asleep below at
the time, was not at first found, and has been brought ashore
for an inquest. The barge, which was the property of Mr.
Scholey, was in the employ of the city authorities.
APPEARANCE OF THE COUNTRY.—The late genial wea-
ther has brought the young crops and herbage to a state of
forwardness scarcely remembered, and pastures are at present
better than was ever known at so early a period. Within a
few days the country has assumed a most vernal and luxu-
riant appearance, and, to use the expression of a rustic,
" things may be almost seen to grow." May-day was a
splendid day ; in the evening, however, there was consider-
able thunder and lightning, but without any fall of rain. On
Sunday there was a continued fall of wet, accompanied with
a cold north-east wind, and since then there has been a suc-
cession of unfavourable weather up to Sunday last, when the
sky assumed a brightened appearance, since which it has
been fine and more seasonable.—Hull Times.
DEATH OF THOMAS BARNES, ESQ., PRINCIPAL EDITOR
OF THE TIMES.—We announce with extreme regret the death
of the above eminent gentleman, which took place on Friday
last, at his house in Soho-square, London. Mr. Barnes had
been for some time labouring under a disease of the bladder,
and he sank under an operation performed that morning, in
the presence of Messrs. Liston and Lawrence.
A very curious document has, within these few days, been
discovered amongst the ancient records at Guildhall. It is
a contract made between Charles I. and his privy council on
the one part, and the corporation of the city of London on
the other, in which the king makes over in mortgage to the
corporation several large tracts of crown lands in the coun-
ties of Northumberland, Durham, York, &c. for certain
loans of money to him, amounting to more than £300,000 of
the then currency. But the unfortunate monarch never
having had the power of redeeming these lands, they became
legally part of the city estates ; and several years afterwards,
finding that from their remoteness, and the rough unpro-
ductive nature of the ?oil, they were not very productive or
profitable, the corporation disposed of the city interest in
them to the ancestors of the present great coal-field propri-
etors, not, of course, having the slightest idea that they
were throwing out of their hands the richest and most pro-
fitable soil in England, which would long since have pro-
duced them a net profit of above £400,000 per annum. The
document is quite perfect, and is very well written. The
king's signature, " Charles R," is in a fine free hand, and
the signature of the members of his council at the foot of
the deed are easily deciphered, but are remarkable for the
diversity of the handwriting. That of Buckingham's is
quite different from the others ; it is very free, but in good
taste. The royal seal is affixed to the deed, and the seals of
the signing privy councillors are appended likewise.

CORNS.—There is no better relief for corns than the appli-
cation of shoemaker's wax spread as a plaster, after the corn
has been soaked in warm water and pretty closely cut, this
gives immediate ease, and will ultimately cure if any thing
will.

At a public-house near Grantham, in Lincolnshire, where
London porter is sold, the landlord has for his sign-post a
figure of Britannia in a reclining posture, as if greatly fa-
tigued ; underneath is the following inscription :—" Pray
stop and sup-porter."
PRUDENT CHOlCE.—Shortly after the battle of Waterloo,
it was proposed to make some changes in the uniform of the
Life Guards, and George IV. ordered one of the soldiers to
be sent for, who was said to have slain six or seven French
officers in single combat. He was asked a variety of ques-
tions, to each of which he assented, until the king, perceiving
that the soldier's opinion was biassed by the presence of roy-
alty and his own officers, said to him, " Well, if you were
going to have such another day's work as at Waterloo, how
would you like to be dressed " Please your majesty," he
replied, " in that case I had rather be in my shirt sleeves."
—Sporting Review.
RECOVERY FROM INTOXICATION.—Dr. Petier, a German
Physician, states that he has found the spirit of hartshorn
(in the dose of a tea-spoonful in a-glass of water,) to count-
eract the inebriating effects of strong fermented liquors and
spirits, and to recover a person from an apparently lifeless
state, from an excess of wine, in an hour or two.
A DUTCHMAN'S TESTIMONY TO SHAKSPEARE.—" I
will tell you, such is the powers of de Shakspeer, that I vunce
saw de plays arcted in Anglish languish, in Holland, where
dere was not vun persons in all de house but myself could
understand it ; yet dere was not a persons in all dat house
but vat vas in tears, dat is, all crying, blowing de nose, and
veep very mouth—could n't onderstond vun vord of de play,
yet all veeping. Such was de powers of de Shakspeer."—
Mrs. Bray's Switzerland.

SELF-AVINDING-lIP CLOCKS.—A. collection of very curious
clocks, upon a principle entirely new, is to be seen in a room
appropriated for the purpose at the Royal Polytechnic Insti-
tution. The inventor, M. Moineau, a French mechanician,
has approximated them, in their construction, as nearly as
possible, to the solution of the perpetual-motion problem.
The means by which they are made " to go" are altogether
of a novel kind. Thus, fire (in a fire-place,) water (in a cis-
tern,) air (in a chimney,) the opening of a door, or any con-
stantly occurring motion, is made use of by the inventor as
a primum mobile, and the results are truly extraordinary.
On the present occasion we must confine ourselves to a de-
scription of one of these time-pieces ; it may possibly serve
as a key to the others ; at all events the clocks, on examina-
tion, will speak for themselves. The first object is to fix the
time-piece in its intended locality—say on a bracket in the
hall of a house. Behind the clock a simple piece of machinery
is attached to the wall, having affixed thereto a wire conduc-
tor with a spring catch at the street door. As often as the
door is opened the wire winds up a weight ; should it pre-
viously be fully wound up, no effect is produced, but if not
the reverse is the case. The whole of this machinery is hid
from view in the wall, and between it and the clock there is
a secret connection. Motion is communicated to the time-
piece by a compensation lever, loaded at one end with aweight,
and regulated by a pendulum. When this weight has drawn
down the lever to its limit, a mechanical arrangement permits
the lever to be acted upon by the powers husbanded in the
wall, the operation of which is instantly to restore the lever
(weight and all) to its original starting place, whence it again
proceeds on its work. A primary motive power, sufficient
for twenty-four hours, is obtained by opening the street door
in that time. Wherever this is the case a clock will go cor-
rectly as long as the materials last of which it is composed.
The other varieties are equally as curious and ingenious as
the one described.

THE CHANCELLOR'S VISITATION.—The triennial visita-
tion of the worshipful the Chancellor of the Diocese took
place on Tuesday last, at three o'clock, in St. Peter's Church,
to receive the declaration (now substituted for the oath for-
merly taken) of the churchwardens chosed for the present
year for the various parish churches and chapels of the sur-
rounding district. At the conclusion of the business men-
tioned, the chancellor delivered an excellent address to the
wards, which occupied three-quarters of an hour.
COPYRIGHT IN SERMONS.—A practice has recently arisen
of taking down, in short-hand, the sermons of first-rate
preachers, and forthwith printing and publishing them for
the pecuniary benefit of the person by whom the shorthand-
writer is employed. We see nothing in the relation of the
preacher to his congregation that can sanction such a step.
His duty is to teach and to instruct, to point out religious
duty, and to persuade his congregation to be zealous in dis-
charge of it ; but not to make them a present of an essay
which they may publish with a profit.—Law Magazine.
HORRIBLE STORY.—About two years ago, the wife of a
farming man at Bercu, in the Nord, on seeing her son brought
home bleeding, from a wound occasioned by an accidental
fall, lost her reason, and ever since continued a lunatic. She
was, however,• mild and gentle, and inspired pity without
exciting fear of evil consequences either to herself or others.
One day last week, however, she got up into a loft, and
wrapping herself closely round with straw, set fire to it, and
was in a moment enveloped in the flames. Her son, hearing
her screams, hastened to her assistance, and was almost at
once on fire himself. Still he would not abandon his mother,
but continued his endeavours to save her, till the floor, which
was formed of loose branches of trees, gave way, and they
fell together down into the stable below, where there was
more straw, which immediately ignited. The father, at this
moment, rushed in, followed by his daughter, and both of
them fell senseless upon the burning heap, being suffocated
by the smoke. Soon afterwards the neighbours, aware of
the fire, arrived at the horrible scene. They were met by
the son, bearing out the almost charred body of his mother,
which he carried in his arms to a ditch filled with water near
at hand, and plunged in, hoping still to save her life as well
as his own ; but his filial resolution was of no avail ; they
were both so severely burnt, that they expired a few minutes
afterwards. The father and daughter also, revived by the
tortures they suffered, made their way out ; but it was only
to follow the fate of the other two sufferers, as they both.
shortly afterwards died in the severest agonies.—Galignant's
Messenger.
CASE OF HYDROPHOBIA AT WHITCHURCH.—A case of
a most melancholy description took place in this town on
Friday last, and the sensation it produced has rarely, if ever,
been equalled,—a young man, named Humphrey Hughes,
being attacked with that most distressing disease, hydropho-
bia, on that morning. Eight weeks had elapsed since he
received a bite from his own dog, and he continued to enjoy
his usual health until Thursday last, when he complained of
pain in his back and one arm. Little notice was taken of
him, and he went to bed after taking his tea, suffering from
what his employer thought to be rheumatism. The following
morning he was much worse, and desired that a medical man
should be sent for, who, on visiting him, immediately de-
tected the dreadful malady, and hastened to acquaint his
medical brethren of the circumstance, all of whom attended
the wretched patient at different intervals during the day.
He had the greatest aversion to fluids of every description,
a severe paroxysm being proditeed when water or any other
liquid was offered him. The symptoms increased rapidly,
and in the evening he was desperate, frequently leaping out
of bed, and exclaiming, " Oh! what can I do ?" and exhibit-
ing one of the most anxious countenances ever beheld, and
sufferings beyond all description. He became tranquil about
ten o'clock, and expired at eleven, apparently from ex-
haustion.

PACKET BOATS.—FALMOUTH STATION
GENERAL POST-OFFICE, May 11.

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