The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-04-19 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STA N liAl.-Z.D. • .
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STEAM NAVIGATION. money capital of such companies being then publicly declared, MEETING OF THE GRAND ORANGE LODGE OF
_._ _ ,
Imperial 13arliament. (and their principles Of government publicly known, all the world IRELAND. ii3llports. LIVERPOOL COT EON NIAR K ET. APRIL 15.
MT"'IP.--w'RitlhC7Ao.o
elidast h
eb been
above
decline, considerably
0u our quotations
business
generallydoin ,b and
Our market opened this week with a very limited demand, and
(Concluded from the Liverpool Standard of Friday last.) are apprised of it, and regulate their dealings accordingly. ____.
• ,
eks palm oil, 7 elephants' decline of td to Id per lb in American took piace ;- but during the hilt
pthrirceees havedltys rteghearien
HOUSE OF COMMONS, WEDNESDAY. It is, however, on the principle of improving the means of ; But there is another and a forcible reason for this " limited (Rom the Dublin Evening Mail.)
Martha, Hutton, fm Africa; (Continued front the Standard of Friday.) , intercourse, expressly as contra-distinguished from trade, that liability," (as'in the case of rail-roads) and 'compelling Joint It is with mingled feelings of regret and pride—regret, that
MILITARY FLOGGING. legislative protection has hitherto been granted. In steam Stock Companies to come under the wholesome provisions, re- the exigencies of the times 'imposed such a task upon out. teeth, 10 pkgs retd goods, I 0 Bold—P Dk , similar to those of Fridity last. Speculators have taken 2,500 Amer''
At the close of the debate on Major Fancourt's motion for navigation, railroad, and canal bills, sanctioned by the legisla- strictions and protection of an Act' 'of 'Parliament. It is this : friends—pride, that in this momentous crisis they have borne EAST INDIES, CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, 8(c. can and 300 Bahias ; and exporters 700 Bengal and 100 American.
the discontinuance of punishing military offences by flogging tune, there is an express prohibitory clause, which, after pre- that it takes shareholders out of the power of interested Parties, themselves like men, with temper, discretion, fortitude, and Albion, M`Leod, fm Bombay, with 950 bales 100 hf bales cotton,; ACCOUNT OF SALES AND IMPORTS OF COTTON,
the House divided.—For Major Fancourt's motion 95.—Against cisely defining their powers, enacts, that, they "shall not be who might be enabled to exercise a more dangerous control-11 loyalty—it is with such mixed emotions, we repeat, that we 557 bags pepper, Cropper, Benson and co-22 bales 2bf bales cotton,
it 212.—Majority, 117.—Adjourned. general merchants or dealers," thus clearly distinguishing be- ' river the body, under the fear, perhaps threat, of this personal announce this day that' . . the ORANGE INSTITUTION IS DIS- ,Nicoli'Duckworth and co-30 bales cotton, Daniel and Dickinson— ;Prom the. 9th instant to this day inclusive.
'
...—.sam,...— tween the business of carriers, in promoting the trade of 3227 ps redwood, 7 chts terra japonica, I' Tobin-12 chts cardomoms,others, liability,' the alternative, internal dissensions and litigatibn; • soLven: - ' -
1886 bales 92 hf bales cotton, abt 940 ploys iron kentledge abt 8 pkgs SALES.
. This Sales - irhIPO Wlf:___.
HOUSE OF LORDS, THURSDAY. and the merchant, dealer, or manufacturer, who buys and sells Severe competition and rivalry cannot be prevented. It is The Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland, by a memorable vote,
.1.) resents order—
,.
_, against . 241 • • - ' 0-
pigs iron kentledge, C Fletcher and co—l 6 DESCRIPTIONS. ervsly This PrvslY'
RAILWAYS, , fop his own profit. (The clause prohibiting their being geueral awl/a wholesome check and a measure of sell-deience bearing date Aprir 14, 1836, have resolved on the unualified 'lll3x cents unkn, 1 bdle coffee, J Coupland— —Dk ' do, • thisYear Week of the week. •Week this
The The Dundee, the Armagh, and the Belfast railway bills were merchants or dealers is in tbe Dublin company's act.) merely ee2aileas opposition—undertaken with the view of forcing and unequivocal dissolution of the Orange Institution,' without _______
WEST INDIES AND MADEIRA. Sea Island Georgia..... 3190 400 23 fa, 30d
brought up from the House of Commons, and read a first time, The application, then, of steam power, whether on the ordi- .a sale of old vessels on other companies, or exacting a price for reserve or evasion.
Barbadian, Hutchinson fm Barbados with 326 his 31 trs 20 brls Stained Ditt0........., s9o 40 —l3 2724 111412
WA RIN SPAIN. nary road—or railroad—or. the great high road of nations, is withdrawing them; but why should the power or will to exercise ' When it is recollected that this determination has been the Barbadian, 30 bgs ginger, 4 pit' sweetmeats,' H • ty i •91 1
gs eyes, Lrtherland arid co— a and Ditto l3OOlO 7600 10 114 ' .
In answer to a question by the Alarcluis of Londonderry, here advocated on the broad principle, that it promotes Dade, it be charged ou chartered companies, or attributed to the “ li- free-will offering of this loyal body to the wishes of their pals?s 27 bxs arrowroot, G Gowling-20 bxs do, M and B Joseph-20 Alabama. Bl —ll •
Lord Melbourne admitted that that a letter recently published by promoting intercourse. tufted liability" wnich an act of parliament confers, as if , all sovereign—that, unconstrained by any law, and unterrified by brls do, F M'Cleave-1 do, 1 pkge sweetmeats, D Hutchinson-1 pkge. Mobile' 1 38010 2430
. 10 —l2 } 1903' 19901
as having been written by Lord John flay was an authentic But,after all, what i's this alarming protection which indivi- others were immaculate. Such asseitions from mere rival com- any power, they have voluntarily yielded in this act another 'tamarinds, B Gaskin-1 csk wine, A J Parker—Q Dk • ' New Orleans 98340' 7120 10 —l2 ,
document, and that he had no objection to its production. dual capitalists Seek for on becoming shareholders in comps- ponies are nothing short Of barefaced imposition on parliament, proof ;of their devoted' attachment to their lawful Monarch—
ruSup2er ie,BClciele, fmir Jamaica, with 278 hds 77 tcs 3 brls sugar, 63 pus Pernambuco .. .... • . 7 ,;;3 0 1050 13 141 i
i 1 1603 lOW MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS (IRELAND) DILL. nies for locomotion on water, and which is so freely given to under the hypocritical cant of public principle. that, in surrendering orangeism, they have given up an insti- 11Tdcoco nutsr2ciotnnr3rtoevagrcooactoai v
_mos :111, hit 1,12, ox horns,
3 tartatai WIT ear.a ... . •13 131 '
agalo .. 16550 720 11 131 8073
The Marquis of LONDONDERRY presented a petition from the those who promote it on land? ' ' The Dublin Company defy any charge, Or even suspicion, of lotion dear to their principles, and dearer to their hearts for pas 7 hds 'II ' k d B d 100 bgs • e()-9
I surr'b I M h
rum, osac an oy pimento, t ogwoo ,1 r aran am 560 131 —l4 z 11541
mayor, common council, and citizens of . Londonderry, against
y, It is this, and nothing more, that while creditors are aided in an attempt at interference with other companies. indeed their the. protection it yielded to their most cherished interests— sugar, 1 fix preserves,3 bxs arrowroot, Order-5 t ebony,-8 t ebony, J Savvginned
111 123 $
the Irish municipal corporation bill. After briefly adverting „jag companies, those companies ask in their turn to be pro- policy has ever been to avoid such, and confine themselves to when these things are considered, we may well say that the 'Hall and co-20 hds sugar, 5 pns rum, R Bagott-30 hds 63 brls sugar, 'Para 6O 0— 0
to the merits of the petition he charged the Irish government tected against personal vexatious attacks and process. ' obtaining the good will and support'of the shippidg 'Public of extent of this sacrifice, unparalleled as it is, affords a true 25 pas rum, 2 brls yams, 1 brl shaddocks; S Percival-1 kg tamarinds, Peruvian
E Rae—P Dk • 1120 10 14 0 1636
• Demerara and Berbice, '660 0— ' 0 70 547
with supineness, in net attempting to bring to justice the In practice, it is well known that 'the question of " limited' 'Liverpool,. Dublin, and the interior of lreland,lay a system of measure. of their unlimited loyalty, and proves beyond cavil
parties who had so grossly violated the law by the destruction liability," has no effect whatever on the working or management low rates, and the general efficiency of their vessels. or scruple that the alleg.iance of this calumniated and persecuted . UNITED STATES. Barbados,
of the statute of King William 111. in Dublin. 'Lord Mel- of a steam company. ' The Dublin Company have, however, sinned beyond redelnli- body knew no boundaries, save those of the British constitution Algonquin, Mercken, fm Philadelphia, with 62 lids bark, 575 brls Common Westladia 1330 110 ,104 —l2 1 '''''' ''''
La.Gua ••ra •. • 4500 0 0
turpentine, W and J _Brown and eo-273 brls rosin, 'Spreckley and co f-, • 3
bourne replied that a reward had been offered. One would have supposed that steam companies, at least tion in the eyes of seine steam companies. They have been the in the' fulness and purity of its spirit. . artnagena
—l2 t horn tips, J Goudwin-8146 railway chairs, 43 eks nails, Order '''
THE POLICE FORCE OF IRELAND, those who draw the distinction of limited and unlimited liabi- first to destroy the very principles which is alone objectionable, We shall not pause here to contrast the conduct of the —2 pkgs coats unkn, T Hodgson-3 brls black copper, 12 brls coats Smyrna . ,• • 30 0— 0
The Earl of I-I A Din NGTON moved for some returns connected iity, would have hailed this first step towards the removal of a in'joint stock companies—namely, the Working for the exclusive Prof estatits of Ireland (for in principle this term is synonymous unkn, 20 Land 102 bgs 248131.1 S copper ore, Wades, Tickersgiu and co Egyptian 13990 180 16 —'l7} 3767
with this subject, which were ordered. • ; grievance, which, the companies under act of ' padiament have profitof its own shareholders, and without regard to the interest* with orangeism) on this occasion, with that of the party which --,-P Dk ' , . Surat and Madras - 1876,
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS ACT AMENDMENT BILL. effected. One would have thoulzht, that instead of petitioning, of freight payers. They have introduced a spirit of liberality 'is now basking in the' noon-day splendour of government ' Pnticess Victoria, Paul, fm New Orleans, with 1903 bales cotton, 1 8enga1.......
Per nibl ... :••• • . i_ 1c sale this day, '
6270 880 5/ 64' 1005 5360
The LORD CHANCELLOR having moved tbat the House go in eject for its continuance, and against the, companies' who into steam navigation, land which is about to be followed by favour. We shall nut dwell unon the disaffection which, dis- .
paper parcel, T Wilson and co-1 paper pareel, Fde Lizardi and co— Sea Island
e into committee on this bill, Lord LYNDHURST moved as an opened. the door towards. a, more equitable Pretection of capital, More than 'one new company.) Thev have made common cause solvine• the then-existing Catholic Association, with the same
1 lindr w, Thomp n, fm New York, • h • 354 bales cotton, Coll- Stained 'Ditto
amndment, that the bill be referred to a select committee.— (but which only amounts to the placing them on the same foot- with the public. They have, on the
,plan .of some ins4rance breatlire-constructed it of the very same materials, and evaded mann, Lame bemand COL, 5500, Douglas, Fraser and c 122 do, Wain- Manilla, Sec ' 90 10f 0 . Agreed to, adjourned. have • • share-
inn with railroad companies,) they would rather petition- companies, let in the body of freight payers, whether Iby the addition of a single word to its title (the word New) the wright, Shells and co-27 do, 1017 lags tar, 1 cse m'dise coats unkn, -- . ------!"
,
ed the other way, and have asked parliament to continue and holders or not, to a participation of profit ; their principle being solemn act of the Three Estates of the Legislature. The Order-200 tcs flaxseed; Sands, lied on and co-2 brls turpentine, 1 ' 384540 21540 7527 284810
HOUSE (W MIT kitINTS T ~1 rvo tr. .v. " - - •

money capital of such companies being then publicly declared,
and their principles Of government publicly known, all the world
are apprised of it, and regulate their dealings accordingly.
But there is another and a forcible reason for this " limited
liability," (asin the case of rail-roads) and 'compelling Joint
Stock Companies to come under the wholesome provisions, re-
strictions and protection of an Act-of Parliament: It is this:
that it takes shareholders out of the power of interested parties,
who might be enabled to exercise a more dangerous controul
ever the body, under the fear, perhaps threat, of this personal.
liability,' or the alternative, internal dissensions and litigatibn;
Severe competition and rivalry cannot be prevented. It is
often' a wholesome "check and a measure of self'-defenCe against
merely vesations opposition—undertaken with the view of forcing
n sale of old vessels on other companies, or exacting a price, for
withdrawing them; but why should the power or will to exercise
it be charged oil chartered companies, or attributed to the "li-
mitedliability" wnich an act. of parliament confers, as if
,all
others were immaculate. Such assertions from mere rival com-
panies are nothing short of hare,faCedrimposition on parliament,
under the hypocritical cant of public principle.
The Dublin Company defy any charge, Or even suspicion, of
an attempt at interference with other companies. Indeedtheir.
policy has ever been to avoid such, and confine themselves to
.cibtaining the good will and supportnf the shipping 'public of
`Liverpool,' Dublin, and the interior of Ireland, 'by a system of
low rates, and the general efficiency of their vessels.
The Dublin Coinpany have, however, :sinned beyond redemp-
tion in the eyes of some steam companies. They have been the
first to destroy the very principles which is alone objectionable,
in`joint stock companies—namely, the working for the exclusive
profit.of its own shareholders, and without regard to the interest
of freight payers. Thev,have introduced a spirit of, liberality
into steamnavigation, (and which is about to be followed by
More than one new company.) They have made common cause
'with the public. They have, on the plan ,of some insurance
companies, let in the body of freight payers, Whether Share-
holders or not, to a participation of profit ; their principle being
that of giving all importers and exporters a direct interest in
the company's vessels, by a division of the profits amongst them,
after payment of a moderate dividend ',nth& shareholders, thus
creating a complete community of interests hetweenallshippers
or importers, apd the shareholders of the company.
Let this Irish company, then, raise among themselves, the ne-
cessary capital fox the required vessels, without excitingjealousy
among Scotch steam companies. The Dublin company have
no desire to interfere with others. All they ask is the being
permitted to supply vessels' to Meet the -extension of their own
business, without going to the Clyde for aid. Let the 900 mer-
chants end •rraders ;.(Dublin and the interior of Ireland, of
which the company consists; manage, their own steam concerns
in their own way. One of the objects of, the company, or rather
the body of shippers domposing-the'cornpany, is to give facility
for forwarding Irish produce from the-interior, to British ports,
on the lowest terms, by carrying it on the inland navigation, at
rates which barely remunerate the expense of -such inland car-
riage, and sending the impertS to. the - interior; on the same
principle. Would the owners of Scottish steamers assist in this
operation? or should it-be expected that the 'Dublin company
are to improve the inland navigation, and bring cattle and pro-
duce thus cheaply to Dublin, to enable Scotch steamers to carry
Such freights on to Liverpool?
Under such a principle, as is here described, the prosperity of
the company is but a test of its usefulness. This may not find
favour-with other steam companies, but nevertheless will entitle
it to the encouragement of the legislature and the public.
' • C: W. WILLIAMS.

It is, howevii,.on the principle of improiing the-means of
intercourse, expressly as contra-distinguished from trade, that
legislative protection has hitherto been granted. In steam
navigation, railroad, and canal bills, sanctioned by the legisla-
ture, there is an express prohibitory clause, which, after pre-
cisely defining their powers, enacts, that, they "shall not be
general merchants or dealers," thus clearly distinguishing be-
tween the business of carriers, in promoting the trade of others,
and the merchant, dealer, or manufacturer, who buys and sells
for his own profit. (The clause prohibiting their being general
merchants or dealers is in tbe Dublin company's act.)
The application, then, of steam power, whether on the ordi-
nary road—or railroad—or• the great high road of nations, is
here advocated on the broad principle, that it promotes trade,
by promoting intercourse.
But, after all, what is this alarming protection which indivi-
&tat capitalists Seek for on becoming shareholders in compa-
nies for locemotion on water, and which is so freely giVen to
those who promote it on land? "
It is this, and nothing more, that while creditors are aided in
suing companies, these companies ask in their turn to be pro-
tected against personal vexatious attacks and process.
In practice, it is well known that 'the question of " limited'
liability," has no effect whatever en the working ivr management
of a steam company. •
One would have supposed that steam companies, at least
those Who draw the distinction of limited and unlimited liabi-
lity, would have hailed this first step towards the removal of a
grievance, which, the companies under act of parliament have
effected: One would have thoulzht, that instead of petitioning,
in effect for its continuance, and against the, companies who
opened. the (loot' tOwards' a more equitable protection of capital,
(but which only amounts to the placing them on the same foot-
ing with railroad coinpanies,) they would rather have petition-
ed the other way, and have asked p.irliament to continue and
extend su h protection to all companies, bona fide. deserting of it,
by paying up their full capitals. But see to what absurdities—
what discreditable 'shifts, 'a mere jealous and temporary 'rival-
ship will lead some men. Is there not indeed ,something dis-
gracefully illiberal on the part of those companies, 'who so dis-
tort the real question at issue, 'as to deceive parliament by re-
presenting thig absence. of danger to individual shareholders, as
a grievance,' tather thin 'as a just and -necessary protection,
which theylliernselves desire to enjoy. •
Limited respensibility has been enjoyed by the Dublin 'com-
pany since 182.1. The syStem which has grown out •of it cannot
be altered, or the want it such a provision •wobld be no bar to
the farther increase of the company's capital. ''lt has, beets en-
jOyed by the London company since 1831 ; and was also given.
in 18Z, to the colonial steam navigation company.
If this alarming limitation of liability, (alarming only when
applied Le' water intercourse, but harmless as to land inter-
course) be of any value, why do iiot the companies aSk for
it, and obtain it themselVes It on' the' other hand, it be 'so
valnless, as not to be worth the asking, or the expense of an act
of parliament ;or rather,-if it does not suit their views or in-
terests; what right have these companies to deny to others, what
they reject themselves. •
Has any' effect injurious .to other or smaller steam com-
panies been the result of the limitation of liability ? The peti-
tion from Greenock directly negatives such an idea.
The absurd allegation of the petition is this :—that whereas
there has been no impediment to the employment of capital in
steam navigation ; and whet eas, no injurious result's'. have been
experienced front the privilege of limited responsibility—there-
fore the legislature should withdraw it. • • • •
As to the protection to leading to oppression, it
will not be denied, that the most determined efforts to extin-
guish competition, and put down opponentS, hwie been on those
lines where the respdctive companies were not under act of par-
liament, and where there was no restriction as to raising Capital.
Witness the ports of Londonderry, Belfast, Newry, and Dun-
dalk. In those ports the greatest efforts, not at fair compe-
tition, but at nothing short of extinguiShing rivals, and at
enormous cost too, was practised ; and, in some cases, this was
pursued at the instance of the directors or managers of those
companies, and against the wish of the shareholders whose
" entire private foirtmes" were thus placed in jeopardy,from
the want of an act of parliament,' with its salutary controul and
restrictions. Had, however, any of the "act of parliament
companies" been engaged in this' work of "competition" in
those ports, doubtless it would have all been laid to the account
of the "protectionfroM personal liability"—the "exclusive pri-
vileges"--and the " power of monopoly," Bfc. 4.c. conferred by
parliament.
But if.the legislature should make any distinction in thailen,
couragernent it gives to the investment of capital in favour Of
improved communications by land or by water, it should on-
questionably be in favour of the latter, and for the following
reasons.--First. No monopoly can be exercised on the water,
as the experience of every day proves; whereas such may be
practicable on the land, as a railroad may possibly. become the
means of absorbing all intercourse between any wren termifii.
Second. The property of steam companies for water communi- •
cation, is all available, in favour of creditors:—not so the pro-
perty of railroad companies,—Third. This property may be
:protected from loss, by the ordinary system of insurance, while
that of canals, railroads, piers, bridges, harbours, &c. cannot,
and may even become wholly unavailable, and utterly useless,
by reason of any turn in the current of trade or intercourse.
Should steam navigation companies, where the same oppor-•
tunities are open to all, absorb a larger portion of public favour,
It can only be by their being more useful or efficient; in fact,
by their deserving it. It is, indeed, absurd to suppose that any
inducement or charm which an act of parliament can possess
would lead the public to favour one establishment or one steam
vessel more than another, where the sea was open to all, except
on the grounds of merit alone.
But what, in fact, is the real motive and object of this opposi-
tion ; and we come at ance to it by inquiring who are the oppo-
nents. The opposition is neither more nor less than the natural,
though selfish, desire of some existing steam companies to check
the introduction of further capital into steam navigation, and
thus virtually limit competition. The opposition is carried on
under the pretence that parliamentary protection will destroy
competition. The reverse is the fact. it must increase it. It
purposes to introduce new capital, and the legislature cannot do
a wiser thing than encourage all parties to lend their aid, not
only by increasing the number of vessels and the number of
ports to which steam navigation shall go, but to enable com-
panies to provide those larger and more powerful steamers
which the wants of trade now require, and which the Clyde
companies so ostentatiously boast of having introduced, while
they seek to prevent the Dublin Company from being equally
efficient. When the change, therefore, that has taken place in
the construction of steam-vessels, and in their power, magni-
tude, and cost is fairly considered, the necessity for a great ac-
cession of capital will be apparent, and the impossibility of
such efforts 'being made without the aid of large joint stock
companies, Let us take as a samplathe notice of the last ves-
sel built by the company which is most prominent in endeavour-
ing to limit the capabilities of the Dublin Company, and shut
them out from the field of competition.*
Here we find a steamer, for the mere carriage of goods and
passengers, costing £27,oo6—more than double the cost of what,
but a few years back, was considered the most eligible descrip-
tion. Is it then reasonable or fair that other companies shall
be prevented supplying their own respective ports with equally
powerful vessels by means of join4,capital?
This notice may or may not be ping; but it would be a
hardship on the public if the Scotch company, who are owners
of the Eagle steamer, should, by their opposition in parliament,
succeed in preventing the Dublin company from having vessels
of equal magnitude; and the more so, as it was currently re-
ported that, when the above vessel was building, it, and others
now in progress on a similar scale, were intended for the ex-
pected government•contract for carrying the mails from Liver-
pool under the impression that the Dublin Company had not
vessels of sufficient magnitude to undertake the mail service.
Should they succeed in their present selfish object,,it is suf-
ficiently evident that the effect of it would be Co stop competition,
and leave the government and the public in a great measure at
their mercy.
As already stated, it is only such companies as are controlled
by parliament that have difficulties in increasing their capital.
In proof of thisi do they not know that a single joint stock
steam company in Liverpool, with a capital of 1200,000; (not
under act of parliament,) have at once doubled their capital
within the last few months, increasing it by deed irons £200,000
to E,100,000. Is not this conclusive that it is not the " danger-
ous Piivilege" of limited responsibility which enables companies
to add to their capitals, or obtain the power of overbearing
others?

When it is recollected that this determination has been the
free-will offering of this loyal body to the wishes of their
sovereign—that, unconstrained by any law, and unterrified by
any pOwer, they have voluntarily yielded in this act another
proof their devoted' attachment to their lawful Monarch—
that, in surrendering orangeism, they have given up,an insti-
tution dear to their principles, and dearer to their hearts for
the protection it yielded to their most cherished interests—
when these things are considered, we may well say that the
extent of this sacrifice, unparalleled as it is, affords a true
measure of their unlimited loyalty, and proves beyond cavil
or scruple that the allegiance of this calumniated and persecuted
body knew no boundaries, save those of the British constitution
in the' fulness and purity of its spirit.
We shall not pause here to contrast the conduct of the.
Protestants of Ireland (for in principle this term is synonymons
with orangeism). on this occasion, with that of the party which
'is now basking in the' noon-day splendour of government
favour. We shall not dwell unon the disaffection which, dis-
solving the then-existing Catholic Association, with the same
breath re-constructedit of the very same materials, and evaded
by the addition of a single word to its title (the word New) the
solemn act of the Three Estates of the Legislature. The
allegiance of the orangemen of Ireland wants no contrast to.
set it off in unclouded lustre. The act that the Grand Lodge
has resolved on,. Rims done in righteousness and truth, not in
compliance to expediency, but for the sake of principle : and
althoUgh its Members be convinced, that far from being restored
to ministerial confidence, or alloWed to pirticipate in the favour.
enjoyed by their tit fractory rivals,- they will continue exposed
to the distrust of ministers, and to the vindictiveness of their
enemies—they will neither repent .of the deed, nor recall it—
nay,. deserted as 'they "have been by the goVerninent whom
they faithfully' tierVed and implicitly obeyed, they will require
nothing or it bill the protection dire from the executive-to the
'common subjeCts'of the realm—and; in failure Pt .that, without
putting their trust in princes, or- relying' on the children of
men, they aie deterthined;"si:ith Gods-assisiairce, to undertake
that first of "natural rights—that.last of delegated duties—the
right and duty of self-preservation:. •
This necessity the protestants of Ireland—for there are no
longer orangemen—feel imposed upon, them by the public pro-
ceedings of the popish and pro-popery-party in parlianient, and
by the partial conduct of the executive in its admini,t ration of
affairs. ' They will not, therefore, in abandoning one fortress of
safety leave theinselves without a reheat upon wbich to fall
back' for protection.- • Nay, by removing the exclusiveness of
kecret words and passes, they will enlarge 'the beundaries of
tiieirciladel, and, laying its broad foundations' on religious con-
cord in essential, they will build its wails of snore eapacipus
extent, Of greater solidity, Of snore enduring cement, and man
them with a host invincible in its numbers and triumphant in
its spirit. _ . .

St Andrew, Thompson, fm New York, with 354 bales cotton, Coll-
mann, Lambert,and co-55 do, Douglas, Fraser and co-122 do, Wain-
wright, Shells and co-27 do, 1017 brls tar, 1 cse m'dise conts unkn,
Order-200 tes flaxseed; Sands, Hodgson and co-2 brls turpentine, 1
bx books, Sands, Hodgson and co-551 hides, Phelps,lames and co-
-5 bxs teggers tin, Hardman and Ames-1 ck m'dise conts unkn, R
Diekson-5 do, W and J Brown and co—l bx samples, .1 Judson &co
—1 bx papers, T Cardwell-2 bdls shooks, 2 bdls hoops, 1 bdle beads,
Fitzhugh and Grimshaw—P Dk

HOUSE OF COMMONS, THURSDAY.
HA ILWAYS.
The London and Norwich •(Eastern counties) railway bill
was read a second-tithe.
The Bristol and Exeter railway bill was read a third time and
passed:-
The Sheffield and Rotherham railway bill was read a third
time. anri passed. - •

LIVERPOOL EASTER SESSiONS.-.--FRIDAY!

A grand protestant confederation will be forthwith established
on grounds longsince advocated by many orthe wis4.anci best
of men of the protestant and conservative party. This institu-
tion—free from all legal objection—liable to no miscOristruction
—subject to no suspicion from its secrecy or exclusiveness-
will embrace the whole empire in its expanding arms, and'en-
gage the three portions of the realm—England, Ireland, Scot-
laud—in a common and truly united league for the protection
of the protestant reformed religion, and the constitution which
is indissolubly wedded to it.
" Principles, so called,"' says a great essayist, are no longer
tenable than while they are consistent with reason and religion."
Thus based, they are implegnable. It is on this rock of reason
and religion that the protestants of Ireland, in conjunction with
their English and Scotch brethren, are about to raise those
ramparts against which the storms of faction and the hurl icanes
of earthly power may forever beat in vain. •
And it is thus that, without the sacrifiCe of a single principle
—the compromise of a single duty—the retreat of a hair's
breadth from the post of honour—yea, without yielding an inch
cif 'vantage ground or position, that the otangemen of Ireland
have fulfilled the high behests of their calling and association,
by dutifully dissolving their body at the desire of their sovereign,
at the same time that they have provided for themselves and
their brethren securities corresponding with the exigencies of
their condition—stronger as their difficulties are augmented,
and necessarily co-existent with the dangers against Which they
'have to guard. In doing this the orangemen of Ireland have
not only. vindicated all their past piofessions, but have raised
their principles to a moral elevation which must command the
lOve of their friends, the respect of their enemies, and the admi-
ration of posterity.
We note the day as 'propitious on which the ORANGE IN-
STITUTION of IRELAND gives place to
THE PROTESTANT CONFEDERATION OF THE

(Before W. W. CURRIE, Esq., Mayor, and S. SAN DB ACH, Esq.)

Ann Parry, 36, charged with having stolen a watch' from the
person of William Robinson, his property, whilst asleep in her
houSe, was committed to the 'House of Correction for twelve
months to hard labour. • •

William Owens, 15, was charged with having stolen a coat
and a pair of boots, the property of Henry Bretteragh. Wit-
nesses deposed to the clothes ha'vnng been left at the'OtHee of the
prosecutor, and to the prisoner having been seen Coming out of
the window. The coat andliboots were there when he went in.
He was afterwards given into custody. He was sentenced to
be imprisoned one day.
James Jackson, 20, and Richard Taylor,.2o, were charge&with
having stolen a large quantity of rope, the property 'of Mr. Peter
APArdle, , , •„_ • •

The prosecutor keeps a marine store in Duke's-place, and
the prisoners were found concealed close to the store on the
evening of the 7th of March last, with the property in their pos-
session.

The jury found both the prisoners guilty, and the court sen-
tenced then► to be imprisoned in Kirkdale to hard labour for two
months.

Philip Carrol, 39, a man of colour, was charged with having
stolen a watch and jacket, the property of William Lister.
Mr. Coifingham appeared for the prosecution.
William Lister deposed to being mate of the brig Atlantic,
.and coming from Demerara in March last. The weather was
stormy, and they were obliged to batten down the forecastle.
In' consequence the sailors had to take their victuals in his
cabin. He had a watch hanging there; which he missed.- He
afterwards saw the watch in the possession of Greaves, the
constable.

Anu Taylor, a woman of colour, deposed to keeping a sailor's
boarding-house, and to the prisoner amongst others coming to
her house in March last. The prisoner took a watch from his
pocket, which he gave to her to get mended. She asked if it
was his, and he said it was, and that be had given £5 for it
abroad. In consequence of something she had heard, she gave
the watch to Greuvei; the constable. _ .

George Greaves, constable, produced,ihe watch, which was
identified by the prosecutor.
- The jury found the prisoner guilty, and he was sentenced to
be imprisoned three mouths in the Mouse of Correction.
William Brim,l9, Peter Naylor, 21, and JOhn Pickup, 20, were
charged with having stolen a silver tea-pot, two silver cream-
jugs, one silver cup, and fifty spoons from the house of Mr.
Thomas Harrison, of Maghull, on the 17th•of March last. The
circumstances attending this robbery were fully detailed in our
police reports at the time.
Mr. Cottinghara appeared for the prosecution, and Mr. Vena-
bles and Mr. Lawrence for the prisoners. _ •
The jury found the prisoners all guilty.
The RECORDER said it' was a fortunate thing for them that
the./ had not been tried for the capital offence of burglary; for,
had they been so, they must have been convicted. The sentence
of the court was, that they each be transported seven years.
William Hudson, 16, charged with having stolen a hat, coat,
&c., the property of Mr. John Driver, was remanded until next
sessions, a material witness having been sent out of the way.
John Hughes, 25, was charged with having stolen a purse con-
taining 65 sous., the property of Thomas Garland, on the 29th
of January last. The prosecutor in this case was an Irish pig-
dealer, who had come over to Liverpool. Whilst passing
through the streets, he met the prisoner, who was an old ac-
quaintance, and went with him to Owen Carney's beer-house,
in the neighbourhood of the docks. They there nad a good deal
of beer to drink, which the prosecutor paid for, and the prisoner
saw his purse. The prosecutor then went with the prisoner to
his lodgings in Key-street to sleep. The prosecutor laid down
on the prisoner's bed, having buttoned his coat, and found his
money safe. On awakening, he found his money gone. The
prisoner was afterwards •seen exhibiting the money, and boast-
ing how rich he was. He was then taken into custody.
•The particulars of this case appeared in full at the time in our
police reports.
The jury found the prisoner guilty, and the court sentenced
him to be imprisoned twelve months andy. kept to hard labour.

1 • William Brettwas charged'with having obtained, frandently,
a sum of £7 from an Irishman, names! Cosney, who came over
'fiiini.LiVerpnot with his Wife' and family, for the purpose of emi-
grating tO.NeW York. He was intreduced to the prisoner by a
gentleman named Duff, as wishing a passage to America. The•
pfriioner had'acted as a runner and commission-agent to Messrs.
Fitzhugh and Grioishawi for the purOse of procuring passen-
gers to America. The prisoner had represented-to the prose-,
cutor that he would take him for £7, by the Southerner, to sail
on the 24th of March, and that ile would give 'him a shilling
a-head for himself and family after the 24th. On the 2ltn
altered the paisage ticket for the vessel Britannia, which was
notto sail for nearly a 'fortnight afterwards, rind' the prisoner
refused to give Inn any money as he had promised: The pto-
secutor then went on board and saw the captain, who told him
that the prisoner had then no authority to make such an agree-
ment, and that the vessel was not to sail for some time.
- For the defence, it was urged that the prisoner had been en-
gaged as a commission-agent for Fitzhugh and Griitishaw, and
was at that time about entering . into arrangements for charter..
ing a vessel on his own account, and .was anxious to keepthe
emigrant to go by his own vessel, and that he gaVe him ten
shillings a-week for atteuding4iis cart unt4 he could send hiin
off.
Mr. RA INCOCK appeared for the prosecutor, and 'Mr. Rusii-
Torsi defended the prisoner. - ' "
- The Jury, after an absence of nearly three hours found the
prisoner guilty. 'He was SentencedlUpay a fine of £lO and to
be imprisoned till it was paid.
William Spence, charged with obtaining, money under false,
pretences• on account tif -Mr.- Potter; of 111ancnester, was sen-
tenced to be imprisoned six 'ealendar-mOnthS, the' lust month
solitary: , • .
Peter D onahou and James Dogherty, two lads, were charged
with • having stolen a quantity of wearing apparel, on Monday
last, the property of Mr. Thos. Story, of Summerseat,and Hurt/
Itt'Quiy.yinS with receiving the same, knowing it to be stolen.
Mr. BA tNco-cx appeared for the proSecution.' '
Ann Hughes deposed to living servant with Mr. Story, of
Suniinerseat. and to letting her master in about eight o'clock
on Monday night last. They then went down stairs into the
kitchen, and after they had been there a short time she thought
she heard a door banged to upstairs. She again heard the same
noise, and, mentioned it:- • She went u p`stairs to• see whatit was,
,and found the, door a little open. She thought she might have
left it•open in letting sir. Story in. On going up stairs to bed,
about ten o'clock, she misseilla- can from her bed. • •
Mrs. Story deposed to living in Liverpool. She remembered
her servant letting her husband in, and to her saying she tieard.
a noise: After they went to bed she saw the bed clothes sirikio'
ff. She did not ihink that there had been anybody,-'at first, in'
the house. On looking, she found the glass and the cover off
the dressing-table, and the window open. '
Ilsewit, the constable, deposed to going to M'Quigeins's
house, which is in Freemason-street, - upon another charge,
about half-past eight o'clock on the nightin'question, and to
finding the three prisoners in, and; thrown under the stairs,
he found a coat, some bed-elothes, and some other things wrap-
ped up in a silk cloak. They all said they knew nothing about
them.. On taking them to-Bridewell, the• female prisoner said
the two boys had -brought theM in. •
Mrs. Story identified the cloak, and the things produced as her's
and her husband's property. •
This was the case for the prosecution.
Donahoe, in defence, said he and the other lad saw two men
running with a bundle, and they ran after them; seeing them-
selves followed the men threw the bundle up an entry, and they
having waited till the men were out of sight, took it and carried
it to M`Quiggan's house to open it,' hut'she would not let them,
and they were going to carry it back to where they found it
when the officers entered.
rd. -

e ere, then, is a steam navigation company, not only possess-
ing an available capital of £400,000, but the power of being
traders, or land-carriers, or any thing; and even of again dou-
bling that capital, or raising it to a million, should the demand.
for steam-vessels or the progress of steam navigation hold out
any prospect of-employing it profitably. Now this could not
have been done were that company ureter the control of parlia-
ment, and what, then, becomes of the argument against giving
an increase of capital to those who are i
• Enterprizing wealthy, and ingenious as the steam ship owners
and engineers of the. Clyde are, let them restrain their jealousy
against those of other parts. Let them not attempt to mislead
the honourable member for the principal port 'if the Clyde, into
the error of calling on parliament to discourage the intrialection
of further capital into steam' navigation, on the allegation that
they have capital enough ; or that it would check competition,
while in fact, its general tendency would he to increase it. That
it is not their object to encourage competition is evident froin
the fact that, when in 1833, the Dublin eenripany obtained- their
last act, the Clyde Company, and Messrs. Bourse's Company, (the
two principal objectors to the present bill,) disinterested/re -coin-
pulled the introduction in committee, of a clause prohibitingthis
Dublin company from sending their vessels to the Clyde, or the
Thames;- but which, the good sense of Parliament instantly re-
jeetel. Soanuch for the fear ef monopoly asserted by these ob-
jectors, hut which they themselves then endeavoured to eject for
their own advantage.
But to return : it is urged against allowing the Dublin corn-
pany to increase its capital=build additional or larger, evessels,
accerding to their wants—or otherwise extend their means, like
other companies—that the liability of their shareholdersis limited
to their respectivesharesyvhile those of otherjoint stock steam com-
panies "ate liable to the entire extent of theirfortunrs," This may
he a sound reason for extending-similar protection to the latter;
gsiiltalimaactpli7anl otfhie3tfolrOtelOr'cir
but cats be none for taking
shareholders of a company 'that the
should individually eableito the " entire extent of their fors
•
tunes," and subject to the caprice of any single creditor, who,
from mere personal pique may arrest, or proceed against any
individual shareholder for claims which he has against the com-
pany, and to save himself the expence of an action at law where
those claims migh be questioned; is a slate of things which calls
for a remedy. Steam navigation having crept on from small
single boats, belonging to individuals, and basing been so rapidly
enlarged into joint stock companies with extended capitals; a
remedy for this new state of things is now peremptorily de-
manded by every inierest in the state.
Capitalists and traders and even mere travellers, demand that
those who contribute such large capitals for such useful purposes,
shall be equally protected, as though it were for a rail-road or
canal carriage. Ihe natural remedy was an act of Parliament.
In three instances this has been acceded to, and the question
naturally arises whether those precedents are in favour of the
extension of such a remedy; or has any abuse followed its
adoption. The answer unquestionably is in favour of its adop-
tion. The Scotch companies may tell us that there is capital
enough ready to be applied to steam navigation—true—but that
capital must be regulated and protected : and may be asked, is
that state of things which they describe—namely, of shareholders
being liable to the extent of their private fortunes for the claims
on the property of a.correpany; such a one as they recommend
being continued, or ought it to be perpetuated ? - •
Where capitalists are the managers of their own concerns,
and deal with the public as individuals, it is right that they
should be so liable. But, when the magnitude of the undertak-
ing compels the aid of joint stock capital, and a system of dele-
gated management becomes essential, common sense points out
the necessity of a limited tesponsibility.to those who, bona fide
and voluntarily, subscribe their respective shares of the joint
fund. This, in truth, is based on sound commercial principles,
and is the reverse of an injury • to ti e l uhlic, since the actual

•
The jury fti-taid all three prisoners Guilty.
Peter Donahou having been twice before convicted, was sen-
tenced to be transported seven years. Dogherty was sentenced
to he imprisoned twelve months, the 'last month solitary, and
111‘Quiggan to he imprisonedlix months in the borough gaol,
the last month solitary.
This was the last case on the calendar, and the Recorder dis-
charged the jury.

CAUTION TO BANKERS.—We desire to caution bankers in th
country against bad bills. Fraud has taken the direction of
imposing upon bankers by means' of forgery, and we .know of
bills being in circulation purporting to hear endorsements of
respectable country bankers, who have honoured them at fbot
by a-reference "in case of need" to their London bankers.
With such a'reference bills are freely discounted at country
bankers, however' shabllooking, ill-written, and tin-business-
like may be their' appearance. There is no security against the
fraud,-but a knowledge of the perSonal respectability of the
parties who bring bills for discount. We insert this caution,
uecause we 'know' that the
.practiee, alluded to is in extensive
operation. The trick now In vogue is to give a good endorse-
ment with a refereuce.—(From the Circular to Bankers, April 8,
1835.)

* THE EAGLE STEAM sterday aifernonn we went on
board this splendid and powerful boat, which has just recom-
menced sailing between this port:and GlasgOw. She belongs to
the Glasgow and Liverpool Shipping Company, and has been
built at the cost of £27;000: 'The grand saloon is fitted up in a
style of elegance such as, we believe, has been never equalled,
or at all events suppassed, in naval architecture.