The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-08-03 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

THE ELECTIONS, 4-c

LIVERPOOL.
THE NOMINATION

On Wednesday forenoon, the nomination of the can-
didates for the representation of our borough in Parlia-
anent, took place at the hustings erected in front of the
Town-hall. The attendance was large in and about the
temporary erection, but not so -very numerous outside as
on former occasions. The 'usual preliminaries having
been gone through, the Mayor stated the object, and
Mr. W. EARLE appeared to propose Sir Thomas
Birch. By this time the electors must be tired of speech-
making, and there was the .less means for him to de-
tain them long, as he had a good man to propose, one
who was advantageously known to them. The two can-
didates to whom he was most opposed were strangers to ,
us. (No, no.) One of them was an avowed protec-
tionist, and could the electorswate for him ? Free-trade
was not a theory, but a matter of positive experiment.
He wanted protection from unjust laws that interfered
with the comforts of life. The gallant baronet claimed
their votes as a Protestant, but this did not qualify him
for the representation of such a town, for he knew nothing
of commerce, and scarcely knew the difference between a
truss and a bale. He admitted that both these men were
of excellent character, but this did not qualify them to
represent this town. He greatly admired Sir Thomas
Birch. He had never blinked a question put to him, but
had answered plainly and straightforwardly. He stated
that 'his opinions were honest, and he would maintain
them. He did not come to bamboozle the people—saying
he would do this sind that, when it was utterly out of his
power. After speaking in terms of respect to Mr. Card-
well, he proposed his friend Sir T. Birch. (Cheers.)
Mr. HORNBY seconded the nomination, expressing his
concurrence in what had been said by Mr. Earle. Some
questions had been put during-the canvas, of importance
in themselves, but little affecting the interests of Liver-
pool. The question of the endowment of the Roman
Catholic clergy would not be brought forward at all. As
plain sensible men of business they ought to look to the
fitness of the candidates, whose duties were snore arduous
than those who represented most other towns. He re-
ferred to the free-trade measures of last session, and
trusted they would not so far stultify themselves as to
elicit the most dangerous enemies of any measures of im-
provement. He trusted that hy electing Sir T. B. Birch
they would proclaim to the world that the first commer-
cial city in the world gave its sanction to the principles of
free-trade.
Mr. T. B. 11c......„
ate Sir D. Mackworth. Cold must that man be who did
not feel the great loss they had sustained in the retirement
of their old members. He (in reply to Mr. Earle) would
nay that he supported Sir D. Mackworth because he would
legislate upon principle and not upon expediency. He
(Sir D. Mackworth) would oppose the system of expedi-
ency which would turn the national wealth into national
poverty, and our great national religion into national infi-
delity. (Some uproar.) He supported bim because he
would do justice to the ships and commerce of the country,
and ably support the great principles of commercial legis-
lation. (Great applause.)
Mr. SAMUEL HOLME seconded the nomination of Sir
Digby. The worthy baronet would maintain the rights
and liberties of the people. Two antagonistic principles
were now developing themselves and struggling for ascen-
dency, and it remained with the electors of England t
_ _

mil forward to nomin-

say whether the British constitution should remain in all
its integrity, in all its elements, and in all its moral gran-
deur; or whether a system of sapping and mining should
go on, destroying the roots of the constitution, and de-
priving the tree of all its boasted glories? The great and
essential basis of the navigation laws must be sustained,
otherwise thousands of industrious artisans would be
thrown out of employment, and the shock would be felt
by the whole country. He dissented from Peel's currency
bill, and said that the sunniest spots on the globe were
those where Protestantis mmost flourished. (Loud cheers.)
Mr

NAYLOR briefly proposed Lord J. MANNERS, but
was not well heard by the reporters, from his being dis-

Cant from them

Mr. W. POTTER, in a long and eloquent speech, se-
conded the nomination. The shipping interests, he was
confident, would require the best support that could be
given to them, for he was firmly convinced that there
would be an onslaught on the navigation laws in the next

greatest importance to the country, and the sustenance of
those laws in all their pristine power should have their
most decided support (hear.) But it was not on this
ground alone that he was anxious to see Lord John Man-
ners returned. It was his high moral and mental qualifi-
cation—(cheers)—for he endeavoured, as far as in him
lay, to promote the improvement of the intellectual con-
dition of the people, and to raise them in the scale of so-
ciety, socially and physically, by the spread of more gene-
ral education founded on Christian principles. (Loud

cheers.)

Sir T. BRANCKER then proposed Mr. Cardwell. It was
their duty to return such men only as understood the
great mercantile interests of the town. The candidate he
proposed was in every respect, he believed, a fit successor
to Lord Sandon. and the noble lord himself had told him
(Sir T. B.) that he would prove himself a most able repre-
sentative. If the opportunity were afforded to him (Mr.
Cardwell) he would soon prove himself the most rising
statesman of the present day, and he did not despair of
seeing him the prime minister of the country. (Cheers.)
Alderman BRAMLEY-MOORS, in an excellent speech
seconded the nomination of Mr. Cardwell. /age had no
fear on his own part of Mr. Cardwell's doingMlything to
-affect the usefulness of theaavigatiort laws4•vfhieh -consti-
tuted the glory and prosperity of the nation. As a ship-
owner, he gave them the assurance that he firmly believed

Mr. Cardwell would never do anything to oppose the in-
terests of the great body of the electors of Liverpool on
that score. With regard to another very important ques-
tion—he alluded to the poor laws—Mr. Cardwell had
voted manfully against the oppressive clauses of that bill,
and had supported, in connexion with it, the most lenient
measures. Our local interests required great and vigilant
attention. We could depend on Mr. Cardwell, for in him
we had a man of energy and alacrity, one who would do
all that man could do to protect our rights and advance
our interests. Mr. Cardwell was, he believed, the man
most likely to tread in Lord Sandon's steps—(hear, hear,
and cheers)—so as to advance the interests of the town of
Liverpool.
No other candidates being proposed,
. .

. .
Sir Taos. BIRCH proceeded to address the electors.
He looked with confidence to the result of the coming
election, in placing him in the proud position to which he
aspired. He belonged to what was called the liberal party,
whose object was to extend commercial intercourse, to
reduce taxation, to ameliorate the criminal code, to effect
a reform in Parliament, and to introduce a good system of
education amongst the people. (Applause). No one
could visit our docks and witness the foreign intercourse
which was going on, and the employment given to our
artizans, from distant climes, without acknowledgment of
the policy of the .measures which had been adopted, and
without acknowledging that the opening of trade had been
of the greatest possible advantage to all, and been product-
ive of great, signal, and progressive advantage to the whole
community. ,Cheers.) He next alluded to the system
of taxation, mentioning many obnoxious duties which he
wished to see repealed, or altered. He objected to the
excise laws, as harassing, vexatious, and embarrassing
the ingenuity, enterprise, and ability of the people. He
would support a property in preference to an income tax,
though it would injure him personally. He did not ad-
mire the cry of no-Popery at election times, gave his
former opinion on the question of Roman Catholic endow-
ment, and on the navigation laws, and retired amidst con-
siderable applause.
Sir D. MACKWORTH next stood forward, was received
with very much approbation. With allusion to the
extension of our trade, he said he should favour the
making of a railway through the centre of all India, which
excited cheers and laughter. Notwithstanding what had
been said of his not being versed in commercial transac-
tions, he would not have presented himself had he not had
some knowledge of such pursuits ; and though he put
religion in the van, he would not put commerce in the
rear. With regard to the Roman Catholics, they had not
a more firm friend than himself. He wished to see them
educated in a proper manner, but he denounced the es-
tablishment of popery in this kingdom. (Great cheering.)
Lord J. MANNERS then spoke amidst considerable
cheering, mingled with uproar. The bill-stickers of
Liverpool had given his demerits some notoriety. He
was said to have published bad poems, and that he had

not passed the grand climacteric,. which was perhaps true.
Older men had written indifferent poetry. He came to
vindicate great public principles, and wished them to
decide upon public interests alone. (Cheers.) Were they
prepared to support the national party of England, and a
national policy, or to adhere to a policy that knew not a
distinction between Prussia and England ? Would they
support a system of legislation which has promoted the
social, physical, and intellectual improvement of the people
of England, or would they give in their adhesion to the sys-
tem which is founded on the dogmas of an experimental
philosophy ? He was for a reduction of duties on tea and
tobacco, and for repealing those anomalous laws which
obliged 2d. a pot more for beer to be paid than ought to
be paid. There was in the vast assemblage he then ad-
dressed none more attached to the Church of England,
her formularies, doctrines, and disciplines, than himself.
(Cheers and disapprobation.) He would not endow the
Roman Catholic Church out of the funds of the Church
of Ireland, or out of the consolidated fund, or out of a
compulsory tax o I the land of Ireland, He contested
Liverpool not to gratify personal feeling, but if the electors
thought the system he had submitted was the best, and if
they were not disposed to place everything at the feet of
a set of political economists, then, though he admitted his
deficiency, he hoped to receive their suffrages. (Loud

tr. CARDWELL next presented himself, and was re-
xd with great applanse. They had now come to the
of the canvas, and no word had fallen to wound the
delicate feeling of any one present. They had been
to a beautiful picture, in which they were told
of Ohio was on the one side of the water, and
,ster on the other, rejoicing in the
e and the manufactures of each
3 less truly than of mercy, it
blessed--its quality was not
aid him who re-

vrative ofMancl

Of commerce

ith him who gay

lie thought

er, the picture was not eonr-
,
it in this part of the world,
tird person of considerable im-
-y would have placed the farmer
.uu the operative of Manchester on
--- merchant, the shipowner, the ship-
xrtisan of Liverpool in the centre,—they
mns of transferring the corn of Ohio to
)perativc of Manchester, and who trans-
ce of Manchester to the families of Ohio,
maintenance and wealth by reasonable
aso (a nclause). We laboured under an

If they hac

there wot

of Ohio on one side
the other, with the

who w
the in(
(erred

lustria

payment tor (.1

unprecedented scarcity of corn and of cotton—two of the
direst visitations to which a country like ours could be
aabjected• Yet much as we had suffered, no other
country had been so greatly blessed in commanding the

graniries of the western world (hear, hear, and applause).
Our exports had indeed fallen off, but only very slightly,;
and most-of the falling-off was due to the impoverish-
ment 'df other countries like ourselves. The case was.
conclusive—to substitute the cloth of England for the
coned Ammica. He meditated -no change in the Navi;
gation Laws prejudicial to their interests. Would they
be blinded by a cry, or be led by facts.? He reposed in,
their judgment with the most perfect confidence ; and
felt assured they would look with pleasure upon the adep...
tion of the measures which bad tended to increase their
commercial prosperity (hear, and applause). He would
ask them plainly whether they were for going backwards
or forwards ?—(Cries of " Forwardsl") Gentlemen (said
Mr. Cardwell), the vessel of the state rides upon a stormy
.element, and has to conflict with much danger ; by the
blesslog di Cod upon the skill that guides her, and the
energetic-hands that man her, give her sea room, and
she must be safe (loud applause). There are 'two things
she must not 110, she must not be allowed to make stern-
wav—(hear, hear and great applausel—or suffered to take
ground upon any of the shoals of prejudice (hear, hear,
and applause).
In reply to a question from Mr. Hardy, Sir D. MACK-
WORTH said he would not vote for the removal of the re-
maining:disabilities under which the Romanists laboured.

Mr. CARDWELL, in reply to the same question, said he
had already voted, and should again vote for the removal
of obsolete and offensive penalties.
Many other questions were put, but neither these nor
the-replies-were very distinctly heard. Sir Digby Mack-
worth said emphatically that he should vote for the repeal
of the Roman Catholic emancipation bill. The show of
hands•was declared to be in favor of Sir T. B. Birth and
Sir Digby Mackworth, and, a poll being demanded, the
meeting adjourned. _ _

THE'' Pi;LLING.—The polling commenced at eight
o'clock on Thursday morning, and was carried en with
considerable.animation until the close, four in the ,after-
noon. The town was divided into five districts—Evertou,
Kirkdale, Lwerpool, Toxteth Park, and West Derby.
Liverpool had twelve polling booths, Toxteth Park two,
and the others one each. The dividing of the voters•
tended greatly to reduce the excitement that might other-
wise have been manifested by antagonist parties. 'Coin-
paratively few recorded their votes during the first hour.
'Mr. Cardwell took the lead from the beginning, Sir T.
Birch second, Sir D. Mackworth third, and Lord John
Manners. rather far behind. At one o'clock the numbers
(according to Mr. Cardwell's committee) were, for Mr.
.Cardwell, 2309,; Sir Thos Birch, 2100; Sir Digby Mack-
worth, 1601; and for Lord John Manners, 1076. This

relative position the parties maintained during the day,
and, as four o'clock approached, Mr. Cardwell and Sir
Thomas Birch gradually increased their majorities.

No music, flags, or processions, being allowed, and
the voting places being at different points, there was little
of the stir and commotion of a general election some
years ago. There suss, however, considerable bye-play
and fun in the background, though general good humour
prevailed. The number of voters who polled was, and
still is variously stated, on account of the difficulty of
ascertaining it owing to the split votes, and a large num-
ber of plumpers. The votes as declared by the Mayor as
the result of the election,, (declared by the Mayor on Fri-
day) were as follows :
Mr. Cardwell 5581
Sir Thomas Birch
Sir Digby Mackworth

It is generally calculated that about 9,000 to 9 ,500
electors polled. There are on the register about 14,000

ares, especial.

.y near tht

3ecame

much thronged, and great was the anxiety to see the re-
turns hourly sent out from the respective committee-

rooms and newspaper offices. Shortly after one o'clock,
or at least by two, it became quite clear that Lord J.
Mappers had little chance of success. The gross total of
votes (including splits) was about 16,900.
After the close of the poll, Sir T. B. Birch, accompa-
nied by many of his friends, went to Eastwood's Hotel,
Dale-street. He was enthusiastically received by some

thousands of spectators

Mr. WM. EARLE addressed the assemblage, announcing
the state of the poll, and passing some reflections on Sir
Digby Mackworth, through whose defeat commerce was
to be supported, and religious bigotry for ever extin-
guished in the town.

Sir T. BIRCH followed, thanking the electors, and re-
iterating many of his sentiments as before expressed.
(He wab received with great cheers.)

Mr. W. RATHBONE 'followed, pointing out the advan-
tages he conceived the town would achieve by selecting
such a candidate.

Mr. CARDWELL, at the same time, addressed a vast
body of the electors from his committee-room, corner of
Castle-street and Derby-square. We have but room to
quote the following passage from his speech, which was
received throughout with the most enthusiastic plaudits :
—" You have been asked, in substance, what is the policy
by which you wish future parliaments to be governed.
They have been holding an election in London to-day ;
but I believe the issue of that election will scarcely be
regarded as weighing so heavily in the balance as the elec-
tion in which you have taken a part. (Cheers.) Gentle-
men, commercial questions have occupied a great portion
of your attention, and, as yours is the first port in the
world, so it is more important to you than to any body
that sound commercial principles should prevail. It is to
you, more than to any body else, that such countries as
America will look for the purpose of ascertaining what is
the policy by which England wishes to be governed in
roapect• of commercial matters. (Cheers.) Gentlemen,
you have emphatically said that you will have commerce
free. (Loud cheers.) You have said that you will allow

that no unnecessary barrier shall be raised to prohibit the
intercourse of one nation with another, and that you will
never allow the products of foreign countries to be ex-
cluded from the consumption of the industrial classes at
home. (Cheers.) Gentlemen, I 'personally owe you the
deepest gratitude, and I am sure that you believe that I
do, from my heart, feel conscious of the great extent of
that obligation ; but 1 should be trifling with this great
occasion if I occupied your time by speaking much of my-
self. The exponent of your opinions cannot fail to acquire
some authority in the aggregate representation of Eng-
land, and I will venture to say that I was returned by the
constituency of Liverpool fettered by no pledge—(cheers)
—and I believe returned the more surely because I man-
fully resisted the imposition of every fetter—because
I said that the man who would represent in par-
liament four hundred thousand persons, had no right
whatever to enter into obligations with any particular
section of that constituency—great applause—and said
it was his duty to leave himself perfectly free to com-
municate with all, to consult with all, and then, go.
verned by no fear and guided by no pledge, to give his
honest and independent vote far the general good. (Ap-
plause.) On other than commercial questions I have re-
frained from troubling you on almost all occasions, and it
is the singular distinction of the contest in which we have
been engaged, that the subjects brought before our notice,
whilst they required the calmest exercise of judgment, did
not lead to any party animosity—did not contribute to
any excited feelings. (Cheers.) Mr. Cardwell concluded,
All I can say is, that if the duties of the office you kindly
have placed me in are not effectively discharged by me, it
is because I have not been gifted with higher powers, but
it will not be because I am wanting in assiduity, or be-
cause I fail to show in my condnct the gratitude I feel in
my heart, I have no doubt your representatives will act
together in all measures in which your interests are in-
volved. (Great cheering.)
Mr. B. MooRE, being called upon, congratulated the
electors on the victory they had achieved.
Sir T. BRANCKER was also called for, and the meeting
broke up amidst loud cheers.
The town, soon after the close of the polling, became
as quiet as usual, and the church bells rang a merry peal
in honour of the occasion. _ _ M .

....—..—.
On Friday, the 14IAYon declared the official return from
the steps of the Town-hall. Mr. Cardwell, Lord J.
Manners, and Sir T. B. Birch were present, and the an-
nouncement was hailed with loud cheers. This termi-
nated the proceedings.

MANCHESTER.

On Thursday, the nomination and election both took
place. The hustings were in St. Anne's-square, and
about 10,000 persons were present. The only candidates
proposed and seconded were, the Right Honourable T.
Milner Gibson, and Mr. J. Bright. They were accord-
ingly declared to be duly elected, amidst some hisses and

cheers

Mr. GIBSON then addressed the electors on the usual
topics upon which he had before expatiated. He stated
that he was not favourable to the creation of more bishops.
The Bishop of Manchester had, however, been already
appointed. (He was well received.)
Mr. J. BRIGHT then spoke, amidst considerable uproar.
lie should represent, not only the electors of Manchester,
but the vast majority of the working population. He was
several times interrupted in his address, and the barrichde
round the hustings was broken down, but the police pre-
vented further damage. He concluded by thanking them,
and trusted their confidence would not be deemed to be
misplaced.
Mr. M. PHILIPS, who has retired to make way for Mr.
Bright, next spoke, and was well received—alleging his
reason for retiring, after 15 years' service, was to give
place to younger and more active men. A vote of thanks
was passed to him, and one to the Mayor, and the meet-
ing dispersed soon after noon.

lievelhe aristocracy of this country have done at least as
much to vindicate the liberties of Englishmen as any other
class that exist in it, and I believe that it would be utterly
destructive of that mixed form of government under which
we live, if the House of Lords refused to exercise its just
'authority. I will tell you what I have done, or rather
what has been done by the government with which I have
been connected, and then you will tell me whether you
disapprove of it. You are, I know, connected with agri-
culture. You are not a manufacturing or commercial
body. Your prosperity depends upon agriculture. I ap-
peal to you whether, as men whose prosperity depends
on agriculture, you disapprove of what has been done ?
I found, in 1841, high duties upon flour ; I found meat
prohibited : I found cattle prohibited ; I found this state
of things,—that if there was a disorder among the cattle
or sheep, and the supply here was deficient (and I was
told it was deficient in London to the amount of 216,000
sheep sent to Smithfield market in the course of half a
year), it was illegal for you to import a single sheep, or
bullock, or pig, or calf, or any one of the animalsthat con-
tribute to human subsistence ; you could not import meat ;
you could not import salt provisions ; you could not im-
port bacon ; there was a high duty on rice, nay, there was
a high duty even on lard. But now, all thee articles are
duty free ; and if your own supply of cattle should fail,
you can import—it must be a limited quantity—from
.abroad. I ask you, have you found the price of meat so
low that it has been ruinous ? Well, then, you don't dis-
approve of the removal of those prohibitions. But there
have been other duties reduced more than one half.
There were duties upon butter, there were duties upon
cheese, there were duties upon coffee, there were duties
upon sugar, and these duties have been reduced one half.
I ask you to look at the working people of this country,—
take the labouring class, and consider what articles enter
Most into the consumption of a man and his, family.
Won't you find flour, or meat, or salt provisions, or ba-
con, or rice, or lard. or butter, or cheese, or coffee, or
sugar,—won't you find some of these articles—l wish they
all did—enter into his consumption ? Upon some of
these articles the duties have been entirely repealed, and
upon others they have been reduced at least one half.
After a full explanation of his free-trade measures, their •
effects on the revenue and on the increase of consumption,
the right honourable baronet proceeded. We are trying
these measures of free trade, I admit, under circumstances
which make it difficult to form a judgment. It would be
absurd for me to say to a farmer, ".Don't have any ap-
prehension of prices—corn is at 90s. ; it has been at 100 s.
per. quarter—there is no danger to be apprehended of any
fall in prices." We are living under the influence of
.a
great calamity, and the price of food is unduly increased
by failure of the potato crop, and therefore no safe infer-
ence can be drawn from the present as to future prices.
But neither is it just to form a judgment as to the influ-
ence of free trade from the present state of things. The
one inference would be just as unfair as the other. No
doubt the exports of this country have not increased;
there has not been the same demand for manufactures as
on former occasions. If you look to the high price of
cotton, you must not be surprised if the high price of
cotton has not increased the demand for that portion of
your manufactures. But is the high price of cotton any
reason why we should impose a tax on cotton ? The pre-
sent state of affairs affords no means of judging what will
be the effect of the removal of commercial restrictions.
Has Ireland been enabled to make her usual demand for
your' manufactures ? You have been obliged to send over
to her £10,000,000 of your own money ; I wish heartily
you may get one half of it back ; I would advise you to
compound for one half. While you have been obliged to
send £10,000,000 of your money to rescue a people from
starvation, do you think -it likely they could have made a
great demand for cotton, silts goods, and hardware ? Of
course not. Then again comes the high price of food dimi-
nishing the demand for manufactures. Look again at the
state of France. She has been suffering from the same
cause that you have suffered from. The government of
France has been watching with the utmost anxiety the state
of Paris, and sending off to the United States for supplies
of corn. Holland .has removed all restriction ; Belgium
has removed all restriction ; the people of all western
Europe, those countries on which you used to depend for
supplies of corn, have been suffering from the same ca-
lamity. Do you think it possible that where people are
obliged to pay prices to which they have not been accus-
tomed for food, they can be consuming luxuries ? It
would have been most disinterested in me, if I had wished
to sacrifice the landed interest, all my prosperity being
connected with land, I don't know why I should wish to
injure the landed interest ; but in the present position of
this country, and the present temper of the public mind
on the corn-laws, I declare, as a landed proprietor, I do
rejoice that that source of discord has been dried up. I
think it is a positive benefit, and I greatly doubt whether
many of those who are the loudest in their abuse of me
for repealing the corn-laws do not heartily rejoice that,
upon the whole, that very troublesome question is settled.
After the suspension of the corn-laws, on acccount of the
disease in Ireland, with the prospect we have now being
realised of a double suspension, I do not believe it would
have been possible to re-enact the pre-existing law with-
out a state of affairs in this country for which any increase
in the value of corn would have been a most inadequate
compensation. As a landed proprietor, having all my in-
terests in land, having no concern with the monied in-
terests ; respecting manufactories, respecting trade, but
my interests being in land, I rejoice; as a landed proprie-
tor, that I did not commit myself to the maintenance of
that terrible conflict. I could have augmented party con-
nexions I could have combated the Anti-Corn-law
League, I have no doubt, for four or five years to come—
I could have remained in office administering the patron-
age and power of this country ; and if I have lost -power,
it is because I conscientiously believed that the mode by
which I could have retained it was injurious to the public
weal and compromised the interests of the empire. The
same change of opinion has taken place with Lord John
Russell and Mr. Huskisson. If you send me back to the
House of Commons I cannot promise you, as heretofore,
to give effect to my. opinions by the influence of a large
party willing to accept my opinions. I have now been
nearly forty years in public life ; sixty summers have
passed over my head. I freely admit to you that even if
I were desirous of doing so, I should find it utterly im-
possible to bear that strain on the intellectual faculties
which 1 did before for five years, while I was at the head
of the government, and also the leader of the House of
Commons. lam not, therefore, aiming at any political
object whatsoever, 1 don't want to conciliate the favour
of any party, I would not, to regain the confidence of
those who formerly honoured me with their support (for
which I feel grateful, because it was an honourahle and
disinterested support)-1 would not, to regain their good
opinion, make sacrifice of the truth—(loud cheers),—or
offer one one word of apology for what I have done. I
have no political object to serve. lam not seeking to re-
turn to office, or the resumption of power by a party,
but I shall go to the. House of Commons honoured by
your confidence on public grounds. I shall go back not
altogether without power. I will support that which I
believe to be right. I will support those principles of
free trade which I believe to be founded in justice. Gen-
tlemen, I shall try to give effect to these. principles. I
shall try, under possibly many discouragements, to abate
restrictions upon commerce,—to take from other coun-
tries, even if other countries are foolish enough not to
take from us. • They won't give us their produce for
nothing ; if they do, I advise you to accept it. (A
laugh.) When they do send it to you depend upon it
they will ask for an equivalent, and that equivalent will
be nothing but the result of your industry and your la-
bour. You will have the produce which their climate
favours : they will have the results of your industry.
And if some military tyrant shall again try to make false
appeals to military glory, and to disturb the peace of the
world for the gratification of his own corrupt ambition,
then I hope an enlightened people, flourishing by an in-
terchange of their products of those countries seeing that
war will be the discouragement of civilisation, the inter-
ruption of industry, the destruction of kindly feeling,—l
hope that a rational, an intelligent, and powerful people
will rebuke that military tyrant—(cheers),—and refuse to
see the wives made widows, the fathers left without their
children having to mourn their f."--TA A

children, the cu..—
.inners, n.
for the defence of a nation against aggression, but for the
satisfaction of those currupt feelings which are engen-
dered by mere military ambition. The way to give that
power, that influence to public opinion, is to remove re-
strictions upon commercial intercourse, to encourage that
interchange of commodities which is the soul and founda-
'9n of - to att- ---".•

commerce, .Lain ne political and social good
of increased revenue, and with it the inestimable moral
good of peace confirmed, morals promoted, the prejudices
of rival nations abated, the absurd doctrine of hereditary
animosities scattered to the winds—to see a happy people
and contented under equal laws, enjoying the benefits
of their industry, and see other nations dealing and-traf-
ficking with them in the equal enjoyment of those bles-
sings which we ourselves know how to estimate. (Cheers.

The Returning Officer declared Sir Robeii and M
Y. Peel duly elected.

PRESTON.-At the close the numbers were, Strickland
(r) 1402, Grenfell (r) 1380, Parker (c) 1351,
The first railway engineer elected into parliament, is
Mr. Locke, for Honiton.
The Election returns up to this date show an increase
to the liberal party, deducting the tory accession, of about
twenty members.

BOLTON.—CIose of poll, Bolling (c) 715; Bowring (r)
650, and Brooks (r) 644.

WARRINGTON.IMr. Greenall, conservative, has been
returned. The polling was Greenall 336, Allcard 278.
LEEDS.—Beckett (c) 2526, Marshall (r) 2181, Sturge
(anti-state-educationist) 1986.
BIRMINGHAM.—At the close the following were the
numbers :—for Mr. Scholefield (r) 2792, Mr. Muntz (r)
2777, Mr. Spooner (c) 2295. _ _ _ _

WHITEHAVEN.—The election for this boroug
place on Wednesday, and Mr. R. C. Hildyard (c) was re-
turned without opposition. _ _

CHESTER (2).-The election took p.
when Sir John Jervis (the attorney-genera
Grosvenor were re-elected without opposition

Lace on

Colonel Beckwith, a radical, has retired from North
Durham, and Lord Seaham and Mr. Shafto will be re-
turned without a contest. _

DURHAM, ClTY.—Close of the poll—Grainger (L), 598
Spearman (L), 523; Wood (C), 450.
SrocKporm—The numbers at the close were Cobden,
643 ; Heald, 570 ; Kershaw, 538. Mr. Heald is a Peelite.
MACCLESFIELD. —This election closed on Saturday
afternoon, when the numbers were, Brocklehurst, 638 ;
Williams, 535 ; Grimsditch, 450.

7 7
GLASGOW .—State of the poll at the close—The Prc
vast (L), 2084; Mr. Macgregor (L), 2196; Mr. Dixon (L
1812 ; Mr. Dennistoun.
EDINBURGH.—CIi.
Cowan (L), 2063; Gibson Cra4,
1477 ; Blackburn (C), 981.
GREENOCK ELECTION.-

se of the
,pOl at four o'clo

L), 1855; Macaulay (I

.t the close of the poll, a'
Lord Melgund, 456

the numbers were,.

Mr. J. Talbot

from contesting North
Lancashire, and it is therefore probable that Mr. J. Wil-
son Patten and Mr. James Heywood, a liberal of Man•
Chester, will be returned. Imoppogedt .

THE NEXT PARLIAMENT.—LiverpooI talent will 'be
extensively represented in the next parliament, no less
than a dozen of the members elected this week, being
connected with the " good old town."
LINCOLN.—The polling took place on Thursday, and at
the close of the poll, the numbers were.:—Colonel .Sib-
thorpe (c), 623; Mr. Sheeley (L), 507 ; Sir Edward Bul-
wer Lytton (L), 398 ; Mr. Collett (c), 307.
ELECTION. FOR THE COUNTY.—The High Sheriff has
fixed the election for North Lancashire at Lancaster, on
Tuesday, the 3d of August ; and for South Lancaster at
Newton, on Wednesday, the 4th of August.
RIPON.—The election for this borough was held on
Wednesday, and there being no opposition to the return
of Sir James Graham and the Hon. Edward Lascelles
(c), those two gentlemen were declared to be duly elected.
BATH.—The polling for this city began on Thursday,
and at the close the numbers were ;—Lord Ashley (c),
1,287 ; Lord Duncan (L), 1,268 ; Mr. Roebuck (L), 1,120.
Lord Ashley thus replaces Mr. Roebuck.
OXFORD UNIVERSITY.—The polling was continued on
Saturday, but not with the animation of the former days.
At the close of Saturday, the numbers were, according to
Mr. Gladstone's announcement ,—lnglis,l6oo ; Gladstone,
950; Round, 757. _ _ _

NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LYNE (2).—The polling for this
borough opened on Thursday, and at the close the mem-
bers were :—Mr. Jackson (L), 566 ; Mr. Christie (doubt-
ful), 565 ; Lord Brackley (L), 220; Mr. Greig (L),
The liberals gain at least one seat here.
_ _

The Anti-state Educationists have been everywhere tho-
roughly beaten at the late election ; even in their strongest
holds, such as Leeds, Wakefield, and Halifax, their can-
didates were at the bottom of the poll in miserable mi-
norities.

WESTMINSTER.—The polling for this city took place
on Thursday, and at the close the result was declared to
be :—Sir De Lacy Evans (L), 3.389 ; Mr. C. Lushington
(L), 3,117 ; Mr. C. Cochrane CO, 3,089 ; Viscount Man-
deville (c), 2,067.
LANCASTER.—The nomination took place on Wednes-
day. The candidates were Mr. Gregson (L), Mr. Greene
(p), and Mr. Salisbury (c). The polling took place on
Thursday, and the numbers at the close were :—Mr.
Gregson, 724 ; Mr. Greene, 716 ' - Mr. Salisbury, 613.
NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE (2).--At the close of the
polling on Thur,day, the numbers were :—Mr. Orde (L),
2,194.; Mr. Headlam (L), 2,068 ; Mr. R. Hodgson (c)
1,680. A liberal member thus replaces the late conserva-
tive member, Mr. Hinde.
YARMOUTH ELECTION.—After a most tremendous
fight between the different parties, in which first one
party and then another had the majority, the poll finally
closed, the Conservatives being a-head. The numbers
were,—Lennox, 832 ; Cooper, 811; Rumbold, 739 ; Gold-
smid 700.

SHREWSBURY.—One of the hardest battles ever fought
in the borough took place at Shrewsbury, on Thursday,
.and terminated in the return of Mr. Slaney, a Liberal,
and Mr. Baldock, a Protectionist. At the close of the
poll the numbers were--for Mr. Baldock, 768 ; Mr.
Slaney, 744 ; Mr. Tomline, a Conservative 739.

LONDON.—The Conservatives have succeeded in return-
ing one member, Mr. Masterman. The following was
the state of the poll at the close :—Lord John Russell,
7,137 ; James Pattison, Esq., 7,030; Baron Lionel de
' Rothschild, 6,792 • John Masterman, Esq., 6,722 ; Sir G.
Larpent, 6,719, B. C. L. Bevan, Esq., 5,268 ; Alderman
Johnson, 5,069 ; J. W. Freshfield, 4,704 ; W. Payne, 513.
ABINGDON.—The poll for this borough took place on
Thursday, and at the close the numbers were—Sir F.
Thesiger (c) 153, General Caulfield (I) 151. It is probable,
however, that the return will be disputed, as a voter who
intended to vote for General Caulfield, answered by mis-
take that he wished to vote for Sir F. Thesiger, who
refused to allow the mistake to be corrected.

LEICESTER.-The nomination took place on Wednesday,
the poll on Thursday. The following are the numbers at
the close (four o'clock) :—Sir Joshua Walmsley (1) 1653 ;
Richard Gardner (1) 1618 ; Parker (c) 1406. It will be
seen that the electors of Leicester have chosen for their
representatives a Liverpool man (Sir Joshua Walmsley),
and a Manchester man,—Mr. Gardner being the son of
Mr. Robert Gardner of that town.
NOTTINGHAM.—The nomination took place on Wed-
nesday. The old members, Sir J. C. Hobhouse and
Mr. Gisborne, were opposed by Mr. John Walter, the
son of the late proprietor of the Times, and Feargus
O'Connor, of chartist notoriety. At the close of the poll,
on Thursday, the numbers were :—Walter (c), 1,683 ;
O'Connor (chartist), 1,257; Mr. ,Gisborne (L). 999;
Hobhouse (L). 893. Early on Thursday morning, a most
brutal attack was made on Mr. Gisborne, who is in a very
weak state of health ; and but for the assistance of a few
friends, he would probably have suffered most severely
at the hands of the ruffians.

The following members of the last House of Commons
have already missed their way into the next—not by re-
tiring, but by trying either their former constituencies, or
seeking to ingratiate themselves with new ones :—Mr.
Gisborne and Sir John Cam Hobhouse—Nottingham ;
Lord J. Manners—Liverpool ; Mr. Roebuck—. Bath ; Mr.
Collett—Lincoln ; Sir J. Easthope—Bridgenorth ; Mr.
Williams—Coventry ;= Mr. Hawes—Lambeth ; General
Fox—Tower Hamlets ' • Mr. Gladstone—lpswich ; Mr.
Escott—Winchester ; Mr. Stewart—Lymington ; Mr.
Fielden—Oldham ; Mr. Spooner—Birmingham ; Sir T.
Spry—Bodmin ; and Mr: Macaulay—Edinburgh.

PROCESSION OF A NON-CANDIDATE.—Great excite-
ment prevailed at Colchester on Saturday week, when Mr.
Daniel Whittle Harvey made a public entry into the town
and announced—what does the reader think ?—that it was
not his intention to solicit a vote! He is in the receipt of
a thousand a year as Chief Commissioner of •Police, and
without this sum, which he must resign if he become a
Member, he had not a sufficient pecuniary qualification.
It was this which caused him to decline the flattering re-
quisition from Marylebone, and which now prevented him
from becoming a candidate for Colchester. In the course
of his speech he stated that he had lost a great deal of
money which he embarked in a newspaper long ago dis-
continued, viz., the True Sun.
BARON ROTHSCHILD'S ELECTION.—Lord John Rus-
sell, in his thanksgiving speech, prepares us for another
inroad upon the constitution. Baron Rothschild is to
take his seat. He said—" He looked upon the present re-
turn as a triumph in another respect—a triumph of the
principles of religious liberty. iGreat cheering.) Years
ago considerable progress was made in the cause of reli-
gious liberty by the removal of the disabilities which fet-
tered the Roman Catholics ; and he rejoiced to think that
the citizens of London had declared, by the election of
Baron Rothschild (immense cheering), that the day had
at length arrived for the removal of the last vestiges of
religious intolerance (continued cheers), and that here-
after the privileges of the free people of this United King-
dom, the privilege to serve the Crown, the privilege to
repre-ent the people in parliament were to be enjoyed by
all the subjects of her majesty without distinction of reli-
gious persuasion. (Renewed cheers.) No one could
doubt that such a decision on the part of the electors of
the City of London would have its prevailing weight on
the deliberations of parliament, and that the next parlia-
ment would have the glory of establishing and proclaiming
at once the completion of the great social edifice of civil, of
commercial, and of religious freedom." (Prolonged
cheering.) Undismayed by this confident prediction of
the noble lord, Mr. Alderman Johnson said—" I cannot
take my departure from this platform without expressing
my regret that the powerful interests of a Prime Minister
and a Rothschild should have been combined to bring
about so unfortunate a result in this election as to make
it imperative upon us, at no distant period, to be again
involved in another political conflict, by reason of the
disability which the noble baron labours under in the
present state of the law." The " noble baron" was ju-
bilant. He was "at a loss to find words" to express his
delight at " a victory which would find an echo in every
corner of the world."

ELECTION RETURNS
ABINGDON (1)
Sir F. Thesiger
ANDOVER (2)
Coles
• Cubit

ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE (1)
Charles Hindley .. .
&SHBURTON (1)
Col. Matheson .....

AYLESBURY (2)

Deering

Prot. Peel. Ref.
0 .. 1 .. 0

ARUNDEL
The Earl of Arundel and Surrey . 0

- H. NV. Tancred.
BARNSTAPLE (2)
Hon. J. W. Fort
Bremridge .
BERWICK (2)

J. C. Renton
BEVERLEY (2)

J. Townele .
BIRMINGHAM (2)
W. Scholfield
G. F. Muntz.
2)

3LACKBURN
J. Hornliy
J. Pilkington

30DMIN (2

James Wyld
Lacy ....

BOLTON (2'

W. Bolling

BOSTON (2

Fir J. Duke
B. B. Cabto
BRADFORD (2)

BRIGHTON (2,

BRISTOL

RIDGED

T. Berkeley

A. Mitch&

Hon. I

BEWDLEY (1)
Ireland
BURY, LANCASHIRE (I)
R. Walker
CALNE (1)
Sherborne..
CHATHAM (1)
G. S. Byng
CHRISTCHURCH (1)
E. A. J. Harris
COCKERMOUTH (2)
Mr. Aglionby
Mr. Horsman
COVENTRY (2)
Mr. E. Ellice 0 .. 0 .. 1
Mr. Turner
CHESTER (2)
Earl Grosvenor 0 .. 0 .. 1
Sir J. Jervis
CHIPPENH AM (2)
Joseph Neeld
H. G. Boldero
CIRENCESTER (2)
Lord Villiers 0 .. 1 .. 0
J. Cripps
CAMBRIDGE (2)
A. S. Adair
Hon. W. F. Campbell
CANTERBURY (2)
Lord A. Conyngham
G. A. F. P. S. Smythe . 0 1 0
CARDIFF (1)
Dr. J. Nicholl 0 1 .. 0
CARLISLE (2)
W. N. Hodgson ..
J. Dixon ......... .
CARNARVON (1)
W. B. Hughes
CHELTENHAM (1)
Sir W. Jones
Hon. C. Berkeley
CHICHESTER (2)
Lord H. G. Lennox ..... 1 .. 0 0
J. A. Smith 0 0 .. 1
CLITHEROE (1)
• M. Wilson
COLCIIESTER (2)
Sir G. H. Smyth
J. A. Hardcastle
CRICKLADE (2)
J. Neeld ....
A. Lethbridge ......... .

DERBY (2)
Rt. Hon. E. Strutt
F. L. Gower
DEVONPORT (2)
H. Tufnell
J. Romilly
DOVER (2)

E. R. Rice
Sir George Clerk
DROITWIC H (1)
Sir J. Packington
DURHAM—city (2)
T. C. Granger
R. J. Spearman
DENBIGH. DISTRICT (1)
F. R. West
DORCHESTER (2)
Colonel Dawson Darner
H. S. Sturt
DUDLEY (1)
J. Benbow....
DARTMOUTH (1)
G. Moffatt
DEVIZES (2)
Sir H. W. Heneage
W. H. L. Bruges
EAST RETFORD (2)
Hon. A. Duncombe
Lord Galway
EXETER (2)
E. Divett
Sir J. T. Duckworth

EVESHAM (2;
Lord M. Hill
Sir H. Willoughby
EYE (1)

Sir Edward Kerrison .
EDINBURGH (2)
W. G. Craig
C. Cowan
FLINT BOROUGHS (1)
Sir John Hanmer
FROME (1)
Major Boyle
FINSBURY (2)
Thomas S. Duncombe
Thomas Wakley
GATESHEAD (1)
W. Hutt
GLOUCESTER, CITY (2)
- Hon. M. F. Berkeley .
H. T. Hope
GUILDFORD (2)
H. Currie
R. D. Mangles
GLASGOW (2)
Macgregor
Hastie
GRANTHAM (2)
F. Tollemache
G. E. Welby
GREENOCK (1)

GREENWICH (2)
Admiral Dundas
E. J. Barnard
GRIMSBY, GREAT (1)
E. Heneage
HALIFAX (2)
Sir C. Wood ...
H. Edwards
HERTFORD (2)
Hon. W. F. Cowper
Viscount Mahon
HELSTON (1)
Sir R. R. Vyvyan
HONITON (2)
Joseph Locke
Sir J. W. Hogg
HORSHAM (1)

Jervis
HARWICII (2)
Bagshaw e .
J. Atwood
HASTINGS (2)
R. Holland
M. Briscoe
HEREFORD (2)
Sir R. Price
Clifford
HUDDERSFIELD (1)
W. C. R. Stansfield
HULL (2)

M. T. Baines
James Clay .
HUNTINGDON (2)

J. Peel ..
T. Baring

HyTHE (1)
E. D. Brookman
IPSWICH (2)
J. C. Cobbold
H. E. Adair ....

KIDDERMINSTER (1)
R. Godson...

KENDAL (1)

R. C. Glynn

KILMARNOCK (1)

Hon. E.Y. Bouverie

LEEDS (2)

IV:Beckett ..
J. G. Marshall

LEICESTER (2

Sir J. Valmsley
Richard Gardner
LINCOLN (2)
. Colonel Sibthorp
C. Seely
LEWES (2)

HOti. 11. Fitzroy

LEOMINSTER (2)
G. Arkwright
- H. Barkly

LICHFIELD (2)

Lord A. Paget
Lord Anson .

LIVERPOOL (2)
E. Cardwell
Sir T. Birch

LONDON (4)
Lord J. Russell

Rothschild.
Masterman
LAMBETH (2)

Pea-rson

LANCASTER

M. Gregson

LAUNCESTON (1)
Admiral Bowles
LEITH BOROUGHS (1)
A. Rutherford ..
LISKEARD (2)
C. Buller .....

LUDLOW (2)
Colonel Salwey

LYM INGTON (2)
W. A. Mackinnon

LYNN, KING'S (2)
Lord G. Bentinck

Ilyncourt.. 0

Lord Jocelyn

MALTON
J. . Denison
J. W. Childers
MARLBOROUGH (2)
Lord Ernest Bruce
Right Hon. B. Baring
MAIDSTONE (2)
A. J. B. Hope
George Dodd
MALMESBURY (1)
J. K. Howard

MANCHESTER.

MALDON (2)
D. Waddington
T, B. Laniard