The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-02-16 00:00:00

TTE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

rington Water Works. I know that the water is supplied three
or four times a week to all the inhabitants in town. We never
supply less than three times a week. Our hours of service are
from six b'c!ock in the morning until eight o'clock in the
evening. The water is never kept on less than half an hour at
once, and in some districts three or four hours; and in
addition to this, there are a great many who have a
constant supply from the mains. During the service, all
parties who are provided with cisterns ere fully supplied.
We know when the supply is perfect in the district, because the
turncock of the district is furnished with a
.gauge, and after he
turns on the water he waits till the water in the mains over-
flows in the highest part of the district. Practically the cis-
terns answer well in every instance that I know of. We have
some instances of the ball-cocks getting out of repair, but no
other inconvenience ensues from them. When parties com-
plain, however, of these things we have them rectified imme-
diately. I know that, for it is my duty to attend to these com-
plaints. I have heard parties in this court stating that they
were obliged to wait till 12 o'clock at night for their supply of
water ; but I know that generally speaking that observation is
not true, except when we have something wrong with the pipes,
or when a fire takes place. I made it my duty to examine
whether the cisterns contained enough of water, and in every
instance I found that they did. I found that where the cisterns
were sufficiently capacious the inhabitants had an abundant
supply of water. In some courts there may be a little difficulty
attending the construction of cisterns in them, but those in-
stances are very few. The expense of erecting cisterns varies
according to the material used in their formation. Some cost
10s., some ..t1 3s. ; and some more than that sum. I know
of no reason why the poorer class should not be as well sup.
plied as the rich, except the want of accommodation. Both
are suppl ied at the same time. In those parts ofthe town where the
people are accommodated with cisterns, they are welt supplied,
while in many instances the people in an adjoiningcourt are not.
That is owing to the want of proper cisterns to contain the
water. We sometimes give extra services during the night,
but they never interfere with those on the regular days. We
have the engine at Windsor working at night as well as in the
day-time, latterly. I recommended the directors to adopt that
plan, in order that we might be able to give a better supply in
case a fire should occur at night.
To Mr. Peon.—We have been doing that these twelvemonths
past.

To Mr. STANISTREET.—We use the water with which we
charge the mains at night for other purposes in town. We
sent it, for instance, to the reservoirs which we have for the
shipping. We could provide a much larger quantity of water
from our present works than we are called upon to supply.
Mr. HERBERT.--I Suppose you mean by that answer that a
large quantity of it runs to waste 7—Yes, a large quantity of
it lies in the lodgements; and we have at this moment 2GO
gallons per minute running to waste clown the mains. We
have this superabundant supply at both the Windsor and Soho
stations.

To Mg. STANISTREET.—At Windsor especially, there is a
large body of water more than we can make use of, notwith-
standing that we are pumping at it night and day for twelve
months.
Mr. PAGE.—Can you. tell what depth of water is in your
well ? Seventy-two feet from the bottom of the lodgements.
—Can you state what quantity you deliver per diem? Yes;
we can deliver per day from Windsor alone 9,220,000 gallons.
Mr. M`Donalcl here read a statement of the depths of the wells
at each station, and the amount of engine power employed,
together with the quantity of water which could be raised from
them. In reply to a question from Mr. Stanistreet, he said
that they were preparing to distribute even a larger quantity
from Windsor than they had done heretofore. I have no doubt
that I could obtain a much larger quantity, if it were re-
quired. I have introduced an improvement in the sys-
tem of supplying water to extinguish fires, by which we will be
able to give a much better supply. I propose to keep the wa-
ter at high pressure on all the mains throughout the town. The
defective state of the street valves was the only cause for the
want of a proper supply of water in time of fire.
Mr. PAOE.—Hovi do you calculate the number of gallons you
discharge per minute? Very simply. The pinngerat Windsor
is 15 inches in diameter, and I square the diameter of the pipes
and cut off all the figures to the right of the decimal point, and
the remainder is the contents of one yard of pipe. Then I know
that the engine gives ten strokes per minute; and both calcula-
tions taken together gives me the result. I can make no ob-
servations on the different strata, as I am not sufficiently ac •
quainted with Feology" to enable me to do so. .At Windsor we
have a stand pipe column 70 feet high, and at all other stations
except Copperas-hill, we have columns of 50 feet high.
Mr. l'AuE.—Can you give any statement of the diameter and
length of the mains?

No, I cannot.
Mr. STA N STRE ET thought that was shown on the plans which
the Town-clerk proposed to hand in.
Mr. PA GE.—We have not got those plans yet.
The TOWN-CLERK said they were really very troublesome to
prepare; but as soon as they were ready they should be handed
in.
To Mr. PAGE.—When I bored at the Soho station, below the
depth of the well, I found water in abundance. I made a bor-
ing there of 230 feet from the bottom of the well. The diame-
ter of that boring was six inches. I cannot tell exactly what
accession of water we got, but I think that we got a great deal,
as we allow from that station 150 gallons per minute to run
yaste. The boring was entirely through the red sandstone
It does not in the least affect the quality of the water.—
Then, if you wished to obtain a large quantity of water for
any purpose, what course would you pursue? In .the first
place, I would bore at Windsor till I exhausted that supply;
that, however, would not be easily done.—You would not put
down drifts ? No, I would bore.—Can you tell what is the cost
of this boring? No, I cannot.
Mr. STA NISTA EET.—About 255. per yard.
Mr. PAGE.—Can you give a statement of the cost of sinking
these wells ?
Mr. lI'DONALD —No I cannot.

all Mtrh. Hs
nRfMo
rOmo
aDt
oRnA, BANNER.—The
and any
other
t booksher
ou sow
require
that an
shall
; bed
laid before you.
Mr. PAGE.—Can you give a statement of the cost of laying
the mains in Liverpool? .
Mr. BANNER.-1 fear not with accuracy. We have no ac-
counts to give it from.
Mr. PAGE.—Have you taken the levels of the reservoirs as
compared with the highest point to which you supply water?
Mr. BANNER.—We have not; but we might have that for
yon.
Mr. PAGE.—Has Tour water been analysed. Dr. Lyon Play.
fairs statement only gave the hardness of it; but it does not
give the analysis ?_. _ _

Mr. BANNER.—It appears from the hooks that the water was
analysed when the works were first commenced. That analysis
I shall be most happy to give. It was made by Drs. Curry and
Jerrard, accompanied by Augeon Day, all of them eminent
chemists in this tewn. There was another analysis of it taken
in 1824, by a Mr. Lowe, a brewer. He brewed from the dif-
ferent waters about town, and he thought it advisable to have
an analysis taken. These I beg leave to hand in as the only
ones we have.
The TOWN-CLERK stated that he had an analysis.by Dr.
Playfair, which he would give them.
Mr. STAN ISTREET (to Mr. M Donald).—What experience
have you had in extinguishing fires? I have been present at
almost all the fires in Liverpool during the last twelve or four-
teen years, as a superintendent of police.
Mr. PAGE.—Can we be furnished with a list of all the fires
which have occurred, together with the amount of property
which has been destroyed?
TOWN-CLERK.—How far back shall we require to carry it?
Mr. PAGE.—About ten years.
TOWN-CLERK.—Then we will procure it for you. •
To Mr. STANISTREET.—The amount of property destroyed •
in Liverpool is not now near so great as it used to be.
Mr. PAGE.—How do you manage to hear of the occurrence
when a fire takes place?
Mr. M`Donald.—The officer on duty calls the assistance of,
another officer, and then he runs and spreads the alarm at the
fire police-station ; and then they bring the engines to the men
at the fire plugs, who bring the water from the mains as soon •
as possible. The detective state of the old side-cocks, which
allowed the water to escape, was the greatest cause of scarcity
of water in time of fire.

Mr. PAGE.—What quantity of water do you give to the- ship-
ping? I cannot tell now exactly ; but I suppose you will get a
statement of it also.—Do you charge by the cask ? Yes.—At
what rate? I cannot tell, I never interfere in financial matters,
TOWN-CLERK.—The act fixes the price at Is. per 100 gallons.
Mr. PAGE.—Are you confident that you can supply water suf-
ficient for all the purposes of Liverpool 7-1 am. If proper ar-
rangements were made to enable the company to do so.
Mr. M'Donald was then cross-examined at great length, by
the Town-clerk, after which

Mr. Harmoo'd Banner was sworn, and examined by Mr.
STANISTREET.—I am chairman of the directors of the Liver-
pool and Harrington Waterworks; and I have been on the
directory of that company during the last thirty years. The
company was at first under the management of the Town
Council. The directory was composed of five members of the
council and seven of the proprietors. Afterwards the members
of the council were reduced to three, in consequence of the
inattention which they chewed to the interests and affairs of
the company. It was found at the time that the company
could not do without an efficient directory ; and, therefore,
we were obliged to elect gentlemen who would give their
attention assiduously to the interests and affairs of the body.
Our capital was originally only £lOO shares; but we found
that would not be sufficient for the purpose of working the
establishment, and so they were increased to .e2OO ; that, how-
ever, was to be sustained by the income. We have expended a
considerable portion of our income in extending the works.
There is no other fund applicable for the purpose. At the last
session of parliament we obtained an act by which we
have been enabled to raise money for the extension of
the works. The board of directors have made every possible
exertion in their power not only to meet the increasing wants
of the people, but also to anticipate them. That has ever been
their study,—and it was that principle which actuated them in
Do previously
you
cn sd it
consider
t e
has
thate t e e
seeking for the bill of last session,—because they, knew that in.
'('
. T
oh em Np Vainnyd ,ss o rr
estations wasar
e
erected in 1842, an
a short time the works would be insufficient to meet the de-
if n
supplygiven us a large accession of
ample enough at the present time
to supply Liverpool? Ido
Does your past experience as I'
that no limit has been come to asa regards
lead you to believe
you can raise, at your works ? Certa
inr;l! the quantityt of water
iere has been.
nO limit come to yet ; nor do I believe tliat for very
to come there could be the possibility of our findingmaalyzars
During the last thirty years you have always obtained an addi-
tional supply when you required it ? Yes; always.—Do
you see any difficulty in giving the poor that supply which
is necessary for their welfare? Ido not. If the company
shall be assisted by the public bodies of the town.
1 will., guarantee that they shall be properly supplied.
In all the proposed Sanatory regulations which the Council
have entered upon, they never offered to assist the present
company in their efforts to supply the poor with good and
wholesome water. If the Council had sought for and enforced
the powers which we have obtained, many years ago, such
things as improper receptacles for water, would not now be
heard of.

Mr. PA GE.—Have they the power?
Mr. BANNER..--Oh what Committee of Parliament would
refuse them. Mr. Banner was then examined, and cross-ex-
amined at great length ; after which several gentlemen handed
in written statements of the grounds of their objections to the
bill, and also of the nature of their claims for compensation.
The court adjourned shortly after seven o'clock.

Of the sixty-nine words which comprise the Lord's
Prayer, only five are not Saxon.
In company, a few evenings since, a party of nautical
gentlemen of New York, Boston, and Philadelphia as-
serted that, before long, steam-ships would leave Liver..
pool daily, running alternately to New York, Boston,
and Philadelphia ! And why not ?
A GOOD REASON FOR A CHRISTMAS Box.—A boy
went to the post-office; Totnes, and said, " Please,
ma'am, bant e agoin' to gie me anything for Christmas ?"
" For what reason ?" "Cause always brings rnylet-
terkto your post-office ! "
CASE MARBLE.—A discovery is stated to have been
made at Charlottenburg, by which marble may be cast in
moulds of any size, the marble being equal in quality to
the purest Carrara marble. Several figures have already
been• cast of the size of life. The cost is stated to be 1
dollar a foot.—The Builder. _ _

BRIDAL ORNAMENTS.—THE ORANGE. FLOWER.--
How beautifully fitting an emblem and becoming an orna-
ment is the orange flower for the virgin bride ! For does
not its milky purity tell long, long tales of the snow-like
affection of the generous maiden who is about to give
away her heart to one whose love she has yet to try ? Is it
not the silver blossom of a tree that bears rich and golden
fruit ? And is it not left to say whether, by casting on
the virgin bud the sunshine of his smiles, he shall ripen it
into sweetness; or, by withholding them, she shall remain
sour after her green youth has passed away ? But, ah !
how many a tender young wife, who at the altar sighs that
her budding hopes may grow into the sweet fruit of St.
Michael, finds them, in the end, alas ! only converted into
the bitter ones of Seville.—Adventures of a Lady in
search of a good Servant.

FOREIGN 4- COLONIAL INTELLIGENCE.

AMERICA.
ARRIVAL OF THE HIBERNIA.

The royal mail steam-ship, Hibernia, arrived here yes-
terday morning, at an early hour, bringing accounts from
New York to the 31st ultimo. The Hibernia encountered
during her outward passage, a succession of heavy wester-
ly gales which retarded her voyage, which occupied twenty
days. She has brought seventy-four passengers.
With• the exception of the commercial intelligence there
is scarcely an item of information of the slightest import-
ance.

Nothing authentic was known of the movements of
Santa Anna's troops ; but it was believed that Vera Cruz,
and San Juan d'Ulloa would ,shortly be attacked. The
twenty-three million treasury note-bill has received the
sanction of Congress.
The New York Express, in an article on rumourod
changes in the tariff, says, that " the secretary will ask
for an increase of ten per cent. on iron, and a reduction
of ten per cent. on small manufactures of iron, &c., an
advance of thirey per cent. on refined sugar, with a tax of
twenty per cent. on tea and coffee." Our contemporary
doubts the success of the request.

The American Ocean steamer, of 2,350 tons burden,
was launched at New 'York on the 30th ult. amidst great
rejoicings from an immense concourse of people.
The comirerci dsaccounts received in America by the
Hibernia had given a great impetus to shipments of flour
and grain. Tne Herald of the 30th ult says :—" Within
the past week there has been a complete revolution in our
' local monetary affairs. The great influx of specie has had
a favourable influence upon prices of every description of
stock, and an advance of several per cent. has already
been realized. The greatest activity prevails in all our
markets, and our great staples are advancing with the
greatest rapidity. 'We have hardly enough vessels in port
to meet the demand from shippers, and freights have
reached higher rates than ship-owners have experienced
for many years. Our packet ships are coining money,
and notwithstanding the immense tonnage of those en-
gaged in the Liverpool trade, they are filled to their
utmost capacity. While prices for cotton continue to ad-
vance so rapidly, and speculation runs so high in this mar-
ket, the shipments will be rather limited, but bread •stuffs
are pushing forward in immense quantities."
The Express, after noticing the advance in cotton pro-
' duced by the advices from Liverpool to the 12th Decem-
ber, says that " the increase of price continued upon the
news of the Hibernia, and prices close full one-per cent.
per pound higher than before the news. Upon- the prices
of bread stuffs the effect of the news was still more
marked. Flour, at the receipt of the news, rose from 5
dollars 624- cents. to 7 dollars per barrel, at which rate it
closes firm, and in good demand. Wheat closes at 1
dollar 50 cents the bushel, and Indian corn at 1 dollar•
a price it had not borne since 1839. Rye, oats, and all
grains are in equally good demand at similar advances in.
price, and the amount of business. is only restricted by
the small stocks, and the small tonnage in our ports.
This demand for bread stuffs, at such largely improved
rates, has given a buoyancy to the feelings of merchants
rarely noticed, and they, with good reason, anticipate
a largely increased business, for as the farmers are made
richer by the rise of produce, so will they in turn con-
sume more goods of all kinds. The stocks of bread stuffs
at the north are gradually growing less, and the trade in
grain will soon be turned to New Orleans. The great
West, that in New Orleans finds the market for its lead-
ing staples, will soon have a chance to send the produce
of their fields to Europe, at higher rates than ever. Al-
ready the receipts of bread stuffs and provisions have in-
creased beyond former years, as we have shown in a table
below, that is worth examination, giving, as it will, some
idea of the large amount of the necessaries of life in that
market. The next mail from England is looked for with
much interest by dealers in cotton and bread stuffs, many
of whom look for further advances. Whether prices ad-
vance or recede, we have still as much of the necessaries
of life in this country as our tonnage can take across the
water. Many weeks will not pass before the canals of
Pennsylvania and New York will be in operation, pouring
into the seaboard towns the still large stocks of grain now
in the interior."

The Herald says that on the 30th ult. 67 of their largest
ships were as busy as they could be at New York, loading
provisions of all kinds for Europe, and at New Orleans on
the 20th ult. 73 were loading with similar cargoes, whilst
probably there are that many more engaged for the same
purpose—distributed through the various ports in the
country.
From intelligence from Rio to the 20th of December,
we learn that sugars were tending downwards in price—
the stock was 5,500 cases. Freights £5 per ton to Europe.
From Havanah we have advices to Jan. 17. Molasses
continued firm with an active demand.
From Montevideo news had been received to the Ist of
December, General Rivera was at Vivoras on the 26th of
November, and having collected his forces, was soon to
.commence operations. The forces under hid command
amounted to about 4000 men, of which 2750 were cavalry,
and the remainder infantry ; he had also seven pieces of
artillery. A letter to Rio says,—" We have nothing to
fear from Urquiza at Corrientes. Rivera will soon open
the campaign and probably with brilliant results. General
Oribe had taken no steps for the campaign. The
General Assembly of Cerito had declared that the
extraordinary powers given him by the acts of last year
should be cancelled. From Buenos Ayres there is not an
item of news. In Entre Rios there reigned the most per-
fect tranquillity, and commerce was brisk. The English
admiral, Inglefield, sailed from Monte Video for the Cape
of Good Hope on the 11th, on board the frigate Vernon,
accompanied by the brig-of-war Acorn. These vessels
were part of the English squadron in the Rio de Plata.
OPERATION OF THE AMERICAN TARIFF OF 1846.—The
receipts under the new tariff, for the month of December
last, show an increase over the previous December, under
the act of 1842, of 20 per cent. at the New York Custom-
house ; and, so far as ascertained, up to the 10th of Jan.,
the increase was going on.
NEW YORK Col-TON MARKET, JAN. 30.—The lapse of a
month since our last review of the market, perCambna, shows
a wonderful change in prices, as you will notice on referring to
our quotations. We quoted fair Uplands, at that date, 11*c. ;
to-day, they sell freely at 131 c.—a rise of fully 2c. per lb. Our
market commenced to strengthen up immediately after the de-
parture bf that steamer, and for the first two weeks the rise
was very gradual, fair Uplands being quoted on the 16th inst.
at 1 1 ac. per lb. About the 20th instant, we received a few days'
later accounts Per sailing vessels, which being considered a fore-
runner of a large advance in your market, buyers came freely
forward, and each day's sales after that (late exhibited a de-
cided improvement, and as the time drew nearer, when the
arrival of the Hibernia might be confidently looked for, prices
seemed to increase by giant strides—fair Uplands being quoted
on Saturday, 23d instant, at 121 c. for large parcels. On Mon-
day morning, 25th instant, we received the news per telegraph
of the arrival of the Hibernia at Boston, her accounts from
Liverpool to the sth instant being more favourable than san-
guine operators for a rise anticipated; prices advanced c. per
lb. on that day, at which 4000 bales changed hands. The fol-
lowing day the sales were to the same extent; but as holders
brought forward large parcels, the advance of ac. was barely
maintained. The next day new buyers appeared, and the sales
ran up to 10,000 bales at full prices, the market closing up
tight at the above advance. On Thursday the sales reached
7000 bales, at an additional improvement of ic. Yesterday
there was a good business done, and the sales were reported at
5000 bales. About one quarter of the operations of the last
three days were for export, all the residue being on speculation.
The sales for the week ending 9th instant were 10,000 bales ;
for the week ending 16th instant, 11,000 bales; for the week
ending 23d instant, 16,000 bales. Since, 26,000 bales.
The receipts at this port since the Ist instant, have been
23,000 bales • exports since Ist instant, 10,000. Taken by
spinners, 10,000. Taken on speculation, 30,000. Amount on
sale, 8,000.
The movements in the staple, in the aggregate this season,
compared with a corresponding period, in the previous two,
have been as annexed:— Bales.
Receipts at ports of the United States since Sept. 1,
1846
JP Jf same period last year 860,127
If 7, ~ If, year before 972,010
rt Expos from United States since Sept. 1, 1846 374,885
Of If ff If same period last year 477,503
t, „ ~ year before 602,772
The closing quotations in this market were as an an-
nexed:—