The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-08-21 00:00:00

FAMILIAR LOVE

. Poems of Many Years.
" We read t 4.1 ether, reading: the same book,
Our heads bent forward in a half embrace,
So that each shade that either spirit took
Was straight reittited in the other's face;
We read, not silent, nor aloud, but each
Followed the eye that passed the page along,
With a low murrnuting sound, that was not speech,
Yet with so much monotony',
In its half slumbering harmony,
You might not call it song;
More like a bee that in the noon rejoices,
Than any customed mood of human voices.

"Then if some wayward ur disputed sense
Made cease awhile that music, and brought on
A strife of gracious-worded difference,
Too 'Light to hurt cur souls' dear unison,
We had experience of a blissful state,
In which our powers of thought stood separate,
Each, in its own high freedom, set apart,
But both close folded in one loving heart,
So that we seem'd, without conceit, to be
Both one and two in our identity.

" We prayed together, praying the same prayer,
But each that prayed did seem to be alone,
And saw the other in•a golden air
. Poised far away, beneath a vacant throne,
, • .
Beck'ning the kneeler to arise and sit
Within the glory which eneompass'd it:
And when obeyed, the Vision stood beside,
And led the way through the upper hyaline,
Smiling in beauty-tenfold glorified,
Which, while on earth, had seemed enough divine,
The beauty of the Spirit-Biide,
Who guided the rapt Florentine

" The depth of human reason must become
As deep as is the holy human heart,
Ere aught in written phrases can impart
The might and meaning of that ecstacy
To those low souls, who hold the mystery
Of the unseen universe for dark awl dumb.
",But we were mortal still, and when again
We raised our bended knees, I do not say
That our descending spirits felt no pain
To meet the dimness of an earthly day ;
Yet not as those disheartened, and the more
Debased, the higher that they rose before,
But, frog► the exaltation of that hour,
Out of God's choicest treasury, bringing down
New virtue to sustain all ill,--new power
To braid Life's thorns into a regal crown,
We past into the outer world, to prove
The strength miraculous of united Love."

CONTEMPORARY PRESS.

JOINT.STOCK BANKS.
( From the Manchester Courier.)

In another part of our present number we have
printed, at full length, an act which enablesJoint-Stock
Banks to recover moneys owing to them by their own
shareholders. 411-c

As far as these companies, and the parties connected
with them, are concerned, this is by far the most im-
portant enactment that has issued from the legislature
during the present session. It was lately a question
whether a shareholder could be successfully sued at
law for a debt due to a bank in which he was a part-
ner, and the point was accordingly submitted to a num-
ber of high legal authorities, who were ail of opinion
that it was a matter of great doubt whether any action
of that nature could be maintained. This opinion left
all joint-stock banks in a most awkward predicament,
for by it it appeared that they had no remedy at law
to recover debts owing to them by their own share-
holders. According to the act 7th Geo. IV., c. 46, it
was useless to make a shareholder a bankrupt, for if
they did so the fiat mightbe superseded, on the ground
that one partner could not make another a bankrupt;
nor, again, could they prove debts under fiats in bank-
ruptcy against a shareholder for the purpose of re-
ceiving dividends, although the fiat might have been
issued by another creditor. The only remedy, there-
fore,—which would have been a very expensive one,
inasmuch as a majority of the shareholders would pro-
bably have refused to become plaintiffs, and by that act
would make themselves defendants,—was to file a bill
in equity against each shareholder who Might be a
debtor, making every other shareholder a party to the
suit, praying an account of the partnership effects, and
a dissolution of the partnership.

The bill, which has this week become law, brings
the banks out of all these difficulties, and henceforth
no shareholder will be in a better position to resist the
payment of his debts than any creditor of the bank
with which he may be connected. For this salutary
enactment the joint-stock banks throughout the united
kingdom are indebted solely to the Northern and Cen-
tral Bank, which has been at very considerable ex-
pence in promoting the progress of the bill through
both houses of parliament; and although it has pro-
vided itself with law to recover some £443,000 owing
to it by its own shareholders, vet the benefit which it
has, by the same act, conferred on other banks, is im-
portant enough to merit something beyond mere
thanks.

POSITION OF THE COUNTRY.
(From Me Jo47z. Bull. j
The tremendous struggle in which for national ex-
istence this country was so long engaged, having been
now several years since most triumphantly concluded,
there are some persons naturally foolish enough to de-
precate the advisers by whom the conclusion and the
triumph were acquired. But it will be well for Eno.-
land, should she again be engaged in a contest of such
immense magnitude, if the Sovereign on the throne,
the ministers in the council, the admiral' with the fleet,
and the general in the field, should be able to carry her
through it, and to bring her out of it, with half as
much success, glory, and honour, as George HI. and
George IV., and the Pitt and Liverpool Administra•
tions, and Lord Nelson and the Duke of Wellington,
did.

Nor is the foreign political horizon, at this moment,
quite so clear. Foreign countries do not stand in such
awe of our rule of the " Tail" and the "101. house-
holders," as we do ourselves. Our old allies, Spain,
Portugal, Holland, Turkey—all from the intervention
of our " non-intervention"--and Turkey by that '= un-
toward event," as the Duke of Wellington, from the
first, so well described the battle of Navarino—and
the consequences ensuing from it—are much alienated
from us ; and are mucli in an " untoward" state them-
selves, by reason of our erroneous foreign policy.
France and Russia have increased their navies, so that
the two together are nearly thrice the amount of the
English Marine. America has increased her army,
and looks with longing eyes on the Canadas, and also
her favourite running of her own boundary line.

France—to whom, too, Belgium is .a.44procince—
keeps Ancona—keeps Algiers—blockados the ports of
Mexico--encroaches on Brazilian Guiana, her aggres-
sions there extending to an occupation of 200 miles of
coast—and does her worst to injure our commerce in
all the transatlantic states ; malgre all the " Guava
jelly," and bons bons of Marshal Soult. Russia beards
us on our own element—the sea. Persia, Circassia,
Egypt, and Turkey, are almost her's. Site looks to India.
And, all this same time, she sends Prince Strockonoff
to do homage to our youthful Queen ? and sends—
in spite of the "respect" for her Majesty's fine "re-
formed government"—a jolly Russian tar, and cap-
tures, in the Black Sea, a merchant vessel of Queen
Victoria herself, called the Vixen.

If this is our position with foreign countries, what
is our position as regards our own possessions? "Con-
ciliation" was to have soothed Canada; but Canada
has broken put against us into what is but a half-
smothered, rather than a suppressed, rebellion. "Ernan
cipation," and all the rest of it, were to have made
the public peace and the established church, as safe
and secure in Ireland, "as in Yorkshire ;" but Mr.
O'Connell himself—to whom (to the shame of the
very name of England) her Majesty's ministers are
serfs, and her Majesty herself no better than a sort of
captive monarch—tells us Ireland is a volcano. Our
own population are ten thousand times more discon-
tented than before the Reform Bill had raised expect-
ations, which the reformed parliament Poor Law Bill
seems to have been designed to disappoint. Popular
tampering with the taxation has reduced the national
revenue. And the baneful effects of "Black freedom"
upon our West Indian colonies is already begirittiqg
to appear.
It was boasted that catholic emancipation—that par-
liamentary reform—that negro emancipation—would
" enable us to face the world in arms. ' The boast
was a strange boast; because without these measures
we had faced the world in arms, and covered ourselves
with the highest glory any country ever gained. But
glad shall we be to find, should the occaNion recur,
that the papist tail,. £tO hc;usehold sufferage, Irish
repeal agitation, municipal reforan, town councils, and
"free and independent" (unproducktive) niggers, &c.
&c., are no bar, nor obstacle, to the patient, perse-
vering, disciplined, and united, prosecution of a war;
and that, if again necessary, we shall face the world
in arms, with the same face, spirit, fame, and fortune,
as-ISetbre—more is not possible.

Still, foreign powers do not seem to think that all
these new marvellous measures—which rather excite
their ridicule, than their admiration—have given us
all that additional strength, which the advocates of
these measures said they would : and it might not be
amiss to examine, whether, the present aspect and
prospect of things at home and abroad, which, as we
have said, foreigners do not consider to redound to our
greatness, statesmanship, knowledge, nor honour—it
might not be as wise, as judicious, as patriotic, and
as national; instead of indulging in wild schemes and
fancies, of still further "reforming" parliament, church,
and every thing else; rather endeavour to retain our
institutions and possessions, preserve our power, prin-
ciples, and morals—and thus support, if not extend,
our name, character, influence, happiness, wealth, and
worth,

SHAKSPEARE AT COURT.-THE MERRY WIVES

OF WINDSOR,

(From the admirable fiction "Shakspeare and his Friends.")

A numerous party were assembled in one of the Queen's
withdrawing rooms, consisting principally of the ladies of her
court, to hear Master Shakspeare read a new play which he
had writ upon her Majesty's suggestion, as bath been de-
scribed. Master Shakspeare stood with his back to the light,
and his face to the Queen, reading of his manuscript, with his
audience in a half circle before him, in the centre of which
sat Queen Elizabeth in her chair of state, looking exceeding
pleased, and dressed with marvellous grandeur; having at her
right band the Earl of Essex, attired very gorgeously, and
leaning on her Majesty's chair with the air of one that is pri-
vileged to say 'tvhat he lists, and ever and anon making such
•remarks as the circumstances seemed to give good warrant
for; and joining in her Majesty's mirth, whenever it was ex-
hibited, with a heartiness which showed that in such instan-
ces to play the courtier was nothing but natural to him. It
was remarked of all, that never had the Queen looked so gra-
cious, for she kept turning and smiling upon the handsome
nobleman at her side, and saying of this thing and that thing
after so amiable a fashion, and commended Master Shak-
speare so liberally, that the whole court were moved with ad-
miration. All present appeared in an excellent fine humour,
and listened with the very profoundest attention. Some look-
ed to be in a continual smile—others -frequently did indulge
themselves with a giggle—and some few, who seemed as
though they could not confine their mirth within such modest
bounds, must needs lavish alound.

By this time Mister 6'hakspeare had got into the third act
of his play, which bath become so singularly liked of the
world, under the title of The Merry IViees of Windsor, and
that it lacked nothing ilkthe reading of it is beyond all possi-
bility of doubt. Indeed it may be said, without starting from
the truth any great way, so altered he is voice, and expressed
he the dialogue with such a natural manner, that any one, at
the shutting of his eyes might have fancied he heard many
different persons. In truth, there wanted no more actors.
He was the whole dramatis personae in himself. This excel-
lent talent of his made his hearers receive the scene of the
challenge between the choleric Welshman and the equally
incensed French doctor, in the field nigh unto Frogmore, with
wonderful admiration. But when Caine Sir John Falstaff to
be put into the buck-basket by the merry wives, and the
account he gives of it to the jealous husband, surely nothing
could exceed the delight with which it was received.
" In honest truth, Master Shakspeare," cried the Queea
very merrily, " that fat knight of yours is like to make our
sides ache. Oh, the absolute villain ! Oh. the monstrous
rogue! l'faith 'tis iu excellent conceit. We are taken with
the humour of it mightily. What say you, my lord," ex-
claimed the Queen, turning to her favourite, " cloth it not
seem to you as ridiculous as heart could wish ?"
" Please your Majesty, never have I been so taken with any
play," teplied the Lord Essex. "It bath in it a wonderful
store of wit certain iy—indeed, I take it to be as rare a device
of the mind as was ever writ."

"What say you, my Lady Howard of Walden," who was to
the left of her, "think you the villanous fellow was wetd
served of those merry wives, by being stuffed into the buck-
basket, and then cast into the ditch at Datched mead ?"
"Indeed, please your Majesty, methinks he had the very
properest reward for his abominable impudency," answered
her ladyship. " I would have served him worse, for I would
have had the greasy rogue smothered to death, or drowned
outright."

'• Nay, that's too bad of you," observed the Qneen,
" 'twould be but right to let him live and repent him of his
misdoings. But, odds my life, he be so droll a fish none shold
have the heart to kill him."

"0' my word, so think I," added my Lord'Esscx ; "your
Majesty hath expressed the very drift of my inind in this. I
must say I like the varlet hugely, and consider a ducking or
so a very fitting punishment for his offences."
"Nay, I think it be monstrous of him at his time of life
that he should be gallanting of two women at once—and they
married too!" cried Lady Blanche Somerset, who was some-
what of a prude.
"Married two !" exclaimed Lord Bumble, who had heard
not enough of what had passed to give him a proper knowledge
of the matter. " Married two did he? that be clean bigamy :
that is to say, if he had marriage of one whilst the other was-
above ground; but if one of th two shall have become a de-
funct, then shall there be no harm in't."

" Proceed, Master Shakspeare," said the Queen ; and not
without a smile at the mistake of her lord in waiting, which
seemed to have amused many. "We are marvellously anxious
to leard how Sir John speeds in his wooing."
Master Shakspeare had said nothing hitherto, yet did he
seem in no way abashed at being among go many people of
worship, . for ate turned his intelligent eyes from one to the
other as either spoke, as if regarding with some amusement
the variety of characters before him, as each displayed some
distinct feature in what was said, or in the manner of saying
it. Then fell he to the perusing of the 4th act, in the very
first scene of which, where the Welsh parson is trying of the
boy in his Latin grammar, the Queen once or twice did put
up her fan and giggled very prettily, and thereupon her ladies
seemed wonderfully confused, and giggled also; and the lords
and gentlemen smiled somewhat: but when in the next scene
Sir John Falstaff is iu such wonderful anxiousness to escape,
in consequence of Mistress- Page bringing intelligence of
Master Ford being a coming from birding, with a whole com-
pany to search the house for him ; and the jealously of the
husband is made so manifest, and he beateth the old knight
in his disguise, taking him fur to be the fat woman of Brent-
ford, whose dress he weareth, every one appeared to laugh till
their ribs were like to crack.

" Better and better!" exclaimed the Queen, in evident de-
light,-when he came to the ending of the act. "These be
merry wives indeed ! I'faith 'tis the difficultest thing possible
tai say which serve they out the best—:Easter jealous-pate the
husband, or that huge piece of roguery Sir John Falstaff. Is
it not so, my lord ?"
" Without doubt," replied my Lord Essex; " nothing have
I seen in play or history so painted to the life. That your
Majes:y bath extreme discrimination in the detection of that
which be most admirable where there is much excellence
what bath just fallen from you proves."
"Nay, my lord, you. flatter," said her Majesty, smiling
upon Kira all the time very graciously. " We have but an in-
different judgement in these things. Our opinion must be
scarce worth the having. May-hap we have just wit enough
to know the good from the had : but, indeed, that be all our
poor knowledge can lay claim to."

"That LciIIUI never 'believe, please your Majesty," cried
my Lord Henry Howard, who was close behind her chair;
"for of alt human creatures that breathed, never met I one
that came at all nigh unto your Majesty in niceness of judg-
ment; not only upon such matters as are now honoured with
your infinite condescension, but in all things whatsoever; whe-
ther they be of the simplest or of the difficultest nature to
comprehend."

" You think too well of us, my lord," observed the Queen,
evidently taking what was said in very good report. "It be
but as we have expressed it. Such knowledge as we possess
must needs be but small."
" By my troth, then, the wisdom of all else must be none
at all, please your Majesty," exclaimed the Lady Howard;
"for as it is beyond all contradiction that your Majesty's
wisdom toppeth that of the wisest of our time to au extent
that be wonderful to observe, if, as your Majesty is pleased.
to say, it must needs be but small, the smallness of the wisest
of your subjects cannot but be of such sort as may not be
visible. But 'tis the modesty of your Majesty's disposition
that leadeth yol to say this."

4' Indeed, her Majesty is for an exceeding modesty,"
said Lady Blanche Somerset.
• " That be a true thing!" cried my Lord Bumble, who
leaned forward with his head a little on one side, to catch
with his ear, as well as his deafness would allow, the purport
of what was said. " Her Majesty is noted of all for au ex-
ceeding modest eye."
"D' my life, my Lord Bumble, that be the prettiest blun-
der we have met with a long time"' exclaimed the Queen,
in au infinite pleasant humour, whilst there was no lack of
smiling and tittering among the courtiers at the mistake.
" As your Majesty says, it be the prettiest wonder we hare
met with a long time," added the old lord, who, from the
great length of his service in the palace, was oft allowed by
the Queen a greater license than had many others of more
influence. "By this hand, know I not a prettier wonder in
the whole world than such a modest eye. 'Tis a marvel to
look on. There be no such another anywhere."
"Mack then, are we blind of an eye!" cried her Majesty
laughingly; which conceit did so tickle the fancy of those
around her that the mirth it created was in such excess, and
the commendation it received was so abundant, that surely
no wit bad been ever so received. All this time my Lord
Bumble, fearful by the general laughter, that he had said
something amiss, did keep turning from one to the other, in
extreme consternation, as if to learn by their faces rhat
strange error he had bad the ill hap to commit.
" Now, Master Shakspeare," exclaimed the Queen, " we
are wonderfully desirous of learning what next these merry
wives of yours shall do with that fat knight."
At this Master Shakspeare, on whom it may well be be-
lieved nothing had been lost of the preceding conversation,
did go on with the reading of his play. The description of
bow Sir John Falstaff, in the last act, was cozened into the
taking upon him the disguise of Herne the Hunter, and how
he was tormented by the pretended fairies when he lay under
the oak in Windsor Forest, hoping there to have much plea-
sure with Mistress Page and Mistress Ford, according to
their appointment, and bow their husbands did jeer and
laugh when they came upon him in his concealment, was
taken in huge delight of all parties; but the manner in which
Ann Page tricked the simpleton Master Slender, and the
choleric old French doctor, by getting each of them to run
away with a boy, dressed up in such clothes as they expected
to find her in, whilst she went to get married to her own
love, seemed to be liked best of all.

"An admirable ending, Master Shakspeare," exclaimed
the Queen, in the most gracious manner, at the conciusion
of it. "We like that mum and budget conceit infinitely;
indeed the whole play is one of exceeding meritoriousness ;
and be assured that we will go to the playhouse the first time
it shall be acted." At the hearing of this all the courtiers
did join in commendation of the play, as if one was trying
to exceed the other in the liberality of his praise.
"If there be any merit in it, please your Majesty," said
Master Shakspeare, respectfully, "without doubt 'tis owing
to your Majesty's infinite condescension, in requiring of me
the production of such a play; therefore I cannot say the
merit be mine, but must, in proper honesty, give it to the il-
lustrious source from whichit sprung."
The speech appeared to give her Majesty great satisfac-
tion, for she looked well pleased at it; and the ladies around
her spoke to one another in commendation of Master Shaks-
pea re's modesty, and did regard him with a wonderful pleased
aspect.
. _

"Nay, you shall do yourself no such wrong," replied the
Queen, with a kindness of manner that was truly admirable;
"the performance is of your sole invention, to the which we
have contributed not one line ; therefore, in no case can we
claim the smallest partnership in the merit. We have been
hugely taken with that fat knight of yours all along, and we
haae found so much gratification in the very proper treat-
ment of him by the merry wives thlt we shall think the bet-
ter of Windsor for containing such."
liberality,
this the courtiers began a praising of her Majesty's
eis
ofe s
th
excellencerelay, for so hAndsoinely denying having any share in
whatgu
eant
e e ;castti,
ehraedo
fbeen e donemmight
hat at
justly,her instiga-
tion ; and, n on
said, have claimed some part of the merit; and all, marvel-
ling at the extreme pleasantness of ler Majesty's
did anticipate that it would be to Master
haikesspteya'srehsupmrooufirt.,
In that it seemed, from what immediately followed, they
weie not without some grounds.
" Think you there is ought in which we could do vou a
service ?" inquired the Queen.
"'That is there, please your Majesty, I should like done of
all things," answered Master Shakspeare.
" Speak then, what you would have; and if it be within
it he granted," added the Queen.
mc:ipeslteasevo
bounds,
your Majesty, 'tis but for the pardon of a dis-
tressed friend of mine, that bath had the ill-hap to offend
your Majesty," said Master Shakspeare, with exceeding
urgency; " he is one of most notable good parts; as gallant
a gentleman that breathes; infinite in his accomplishments,
and-princely in his ; who halls- home himself-64
on manifold occasions as is alike honourable to your Majesty,
whom it was once his pride and happiness to serve; and cre-
ditable to himself, who now languisheth in a prison in utter
hopelessness, at having, in some misguided moment, incurred
your Majesty's displeasure. I will wager my life he is
heartily sorry for what he hath done amiss; and that there
lives not in this bountiful world one who, if he were allowed,
wo6ld serve your Majesty with more honesty, valour, and
devotedness."

" And who may this distressed friend of yours happen to
be ?" asked the Queen, in some degree pleased to meet with
one of such a nature as would rather ask for another than for
himself.

" Sir Walter Raleigh," replied he.
Thereupon every one did look amazed at Master Shak-
speare's imprudence, and the Queen's brow grew black of a
sudden.

"We are astonished that you could find no better request
to make," observed the Queen, somewhat angrily; yet, in
her heart, wondering that there should come before her one
so bold as, in his first request of her, to plead for a disgraced

favourite. "He bath done as much extreme dishonour as
surely never before did crowneikpueen suffer of a subject.
We have bad him placed where he shall have time to repent
him of such shameful misdoings ; and there 'tis our good
pleasure he shall remain. As for yourself, Master Shaks-
peare, you have done greatly amiss in speaking of such a
traitor. It seemeth to us somewhat overbold of you. Go
your ways, sir, and when we next allow of your asking of us
a favour see that it contain no such offensive matter."

At this Master Shakspeare bowed very low, yet, with a
marvellous dignity, that was the admiration of all, and was
about to depart from the presence, when my Lord of Essex,
who, notwithstanding his exceeding pride and jealousy of any
that did seem to interfere with his supremacy, was possessed
of some noble qualities, thought to put in a word for him.
"Please your Majesty," said he, "it be all out of the very
honesty of Master Shakspeare's nature that he bath said this,.
I will be bound for it. My honourable friend, the -Lord
Southampton, hail] given nie great commendation of him ;
and I do assure your Majesty be is in excellent good report
of all men. What he bath urged in behalf of his friend is in
the manner natural; and methinks he might escape blame
without any dishonour to Your majesty, whose bountifulness
of heart can in no way suffer by it. I pray you, let not what
he bath said move against him, for I fur one, who, it may be
supposed, am not like to go out ofmy way to say aught upon
the matter, do consider that Sir Walter Raleigh bath the
requisites of a very noble gentleman." . . .

Now the courtiers knew-not which to marvel at most— the
imprudence of Master Shakspeare in requesting pardon for
his friend, or the magnanimity of my Lord of Essex in speak-
ing in favour of his rival; but the consequence of my lord's
speaking was, that the Queen did give Master Shakspeare
a more gracious dismissal than she seemed before inclined
to do; and acknowledged that she believed her captain of
the guard had many commendable qualities; and it now ap-
peared to those around her a greater marvel than all that her
Majesty should say this, when it was known that he had done
her so grievous a wrong.

GOLD Cots.—We mentioned last week that the. Queen
had issued a proclamation ordinary that a double sovereign
shall pass current if of the weight of 10dwts. and 5 grains;
a sovereign if of the weight of 5 dwts. and 214 grains; and
a half sovereign if of the weight of 2 dwts. and 13% grains.
These weights are some grains less than the standard weights
of the same coin as' fixed by her Majesty's proclamation of
the sth. of July last, which directs that the double sovereign
shall be coined of the weight of 10 dwts. 6 grains and 5480-
ten thousandths of grain troy; the sovereign of the weight
of 5 dwts. 3 grains and 2740. ten thousandths; and the half-
sovereign of the weight of 2 dwts. 13 grains and 6370-ten
thousandths of a grain troy.
A BRCTE.—A fellow who rejoices in the name of Hop*,
and who resides eta village near Barnsley, the other day tool:
in his finished work to the manufacturers in that town, leaving
his wife in such a state of health that she was not expected to
survive till be returned. When he had finished his business
at his employer's, he called upon the Registrar of Births at
Barnsley, fur the purpose of registering his wife's decease.
The disgusted register, on hearing the circumstances, ordered
the unfeeling wretch about his business. when he skulked away,
muttering that he had called beforehand, as he thought it
would save him a journey.—Leeds Intelligencer.

ETIQUETTE OF SALUTES.—We were not a little surprised
on Monday morning to hear a salute of 19 guns fired from
the platform, in compliment to the Board of Admiralty ; but
on inquiry we find, by a recent order in Councii, that their
Lordships are entitled to such on visiting' officially a garrisiin
town, in common with Ambassadors, the Governor-Gerieral
of India, Lord Warden of Cincure Ports, and Commander
of the Forces. Field Marshals and Admirals of the Fleet are
entitled to 17 guns; Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers
Plenipotentiary, First Lords of the Admiralty, Master-Gene-
ral of the Ordnance, Admirals, and Generals, to 15 guns;
Lieutenant-Generals, Vice-Admirals, and third-rate Diplo-
matic characters, to 13 guns; Charges d'Affaires, Rear-
Admirals, Major-Generals, to II guns ; consequently, every
flag officer coming to this port to hoist his flag, and all officers
arriving with their flags flying, will be saluted from the plat-
form, and general officers going on board ships are also to
saluted. The salutes fur the sth of November and the restora-
tion of Charles 11. are discontinued.—Plymouth paper.

INDIAN DANCING Gant..—As no entertainment can in
India be complete with Out a nautch, the party, on the even-
ing which they spent at the Rung Muht, were called upon to
admire the graces of not fewer than fifty dancing girls, who,
with their attendant musicians, performed for the amusement
of the company. After the inferior stars had appeared and
disappeared, the grand constellation of Hyderabad enlight-
ened the scene. Talent, as we have had before occasion to
state, when once established in India, runs no risk of being
eclipsed by the competition of younger aspirants; in fact,
the longer a person has appeared before an audience, the
more highly do they seem to rise in public estimation. The
prima donna absolaia of Hyderabad was said to be nearly sixty
years old, and to have shone the reigning beauty for the last
half century. Her countenance, though not destitute of
traces of age, retains that mark of loveliness for which she
had been famous, and the youthful voice and air with which
she sang and danced were perfectly surprising. During her
public career, this favourite of nature and of fortune had
amassed very considerable wealth, contriving also to possess
herself of great influence in the place of her abode. Her
dress on the prestnt occasion was of the richest and most
costly description, and she wore jewels which were valued at
three lees of rupees, or £30,000. Elegance and taste are
very frequently sacrificed in the female Asiatic costume to a
grand display of precious stones, which are heaped together
in every possible way, without the slightest regard being paid
to the style of the arrangement..—Asiatic Journal.

THE PROTESTANT CHAMPION.-011 Sunday last, the Rev.
T. D. Gregg, who so triumphantly floored the champion of
Romauism, Father Torn Maguire, in the late discussion at
Dublin, preached two sermons in Haigh Church, morning
and afternoon, and in the evening the rev. gentleman
preached in St. George's church, in this town, and although
it was not known until Sunday morning that he ivouLt ap-
pear in a pulpit in Wigan, yet such was the excitement, that
the church was crowded to excess, and hundreds returned
from the doors unable to obtain accommodation. The Rev.
B. Powell. incumbent of St. George's, read the prayers ; and
the Rev. Mr. Gregg, on ascending the pulpit, took his text
from Zacchariab, v. 5,6, 7,8, 9, 10, 11. The .rev. gentle-
man showed, by comparing his text with other portions of
Scripture, that popery was plainly pointed out in the passage,
as "wickedness established on its own baie," that it was a
mystery of iniquity," and the curse of the country where it
predominated. Why was Ireland a wretched and unhappy
country, and his countrymen beggars, strolling about England
bare-legged and bare-backed? Because she was under the
curse of God fur adhering to popery. Why was Italy, Spain,
Portugal, and every other nation where the apostacy of
Rome prevailed, degraded? Because they were under the
wrath of God for being leagued with the beast. If they would
contrast them with England, they would find those countries
in which popery reigned triumphant, most wretched; whilst
England was the land of the happy and the brave, the con-
queror of nations, and the admiration of the world; she was
the place of peace, happiness, prosperity, delicacy, and
decency, because she was a psalm singing and religious na-
tion, and he prayed to God she might long continue so. He
had heard and joined with delight in the worship of that
place where they were assembled, and happy would Ireland
be when she would exhibit such testimony of the progress of
true religion in her _parishes. The rev. gentleman con-
cluded a most powerful discourse, which occupied one hour
and a half in delivery, and which was listened to with breath-
less attention, by urging on his hearers the necessity of
valuing _their privileges as Protestant christians, and prizing
their bible as the most important guide in life and death.—
Wigan Gazette.

LORD KENNEDY.--The Chesterfield Courier of Saturday,
in copying " A Romance of Real Life," the same as appeared
in the Iris a fortnight ago, says—" The subject of this inte-
resting romance paid us a visit on Tuesday evening last,
dressed in his costume of a collier, feeling, doubtless, that
his old robes sat easier than his new.' He informed us
that from Derby he and his wife went to Sheffield, where
they had an interview with some of the elite of the city of
soot.' After spending a short time there an altercation en-
sued between the happy pair,' and the fair bride 'riving
refused to accompany him, be left ber with a full determina-
tion to obtain what he called a reverse,' Anylice divorce.
He carried with him several documents, amongst which was
a copy of the marriage register, and a statement of the facts
connected with his singular history. He formerly belonged
to the Society of Wesleyans, and previous jo his marriage he
extracted from his wife a promise that she should attend the
chapel with him, as well as the class-meetings of the society.
Thjs, however, she refused to do, and expressed her enmity
in no measured terms against religion and its professors ge-
nerally. Some doubts were expressed that this collier was
not the genuine fortunate youth, but some fellow who had
surreptitiously obtained the documents he exhibited. We
are, however, inclined to believe it was the 'veritable broth
of a boy;' he exhibited too much ignorance, to be capable
of fraud. He further stated that he left his faithless rib
reeling about the streets of Sheffield in a beastly state of
intoxication." Some of our townsmen say he is wyt, but we
are assured he is wit so soft as he looks, as he has contrived
to make some of the knowing ones look as foolish as himself.
We may just add, that we believe he has as much claim to
the title and estates of Lord Kennedy, as poor Sampson the
well-known chimney-sweep.—Sheffield Iris.

LIFE AND PROGRESS OF A PETTIFOGGER —Sunday morn-
ing, died in the Boston union workhouse, Mr. Joseph Cope,
solicitor, aged 75. Mr. Cope has practised in Boston 46
years; he was gentlemanly in his deportment, and pleasing
in his manners; and.had the advantage of an education far
superior to many attorneys. Seine years ago he acquired
great celebrity as a pleader at quarter sessions, and was'con-
sidered the terror of his opponents. The profession did not
deem him a sound lawyer, although he was very expert in
finding a flaw in an indictment, or browbeating a witness in
cross-examination, on which means the success of his causes
chiefly depended. At one period of his life be possessed con-
siderable property, and ran his carriage; but of late years
he bad become a pettifogger in the worst sense: he had re-
course to every species of fraud and trickery that would dis-
grace the profession, and ruin his clients. Through extrava-
gence and licentiousness he lost all his ill-gotten gains; and
for the last two or three years he lived entirely on the charity
of humane individuals, but at length was compelled to seek
an asylum in the worknouse, having tired out nearly all his
friends. He maintained his austerity and pride to the last,
and would very frequently assume the dignity of by-gone
clays. Some months ago he attempted to pay his addresses
to a respectable young lady, about 17 years of age. He
wrote to her, and promised to make an alteration in his will
in her favour, if she would, consent to become his. Some
time before be went into the union, he was two days without
food, and had nothing but a little cold water. A gentleman
who heard of it, sent him a large _basket frill of victuals;
among the rest was the middle of a fine neck of mutton,
which he ordered to be roasted on the following day; but he
would not touch a mouthful until his landlady could borrow
sufficient money to obtain a pot of currant jelly The pro-
fessional gentlemen of Bosto❑ and the neighbourhood offered
to allow him a handsome weekly stipend, if he would leave
off his practice, which he indignantly refused, and observed,
that he would never consent to live upon charity while Provi-
dence had blessed him with the use of all his faculties unim-
paired.—Lincoln Gazette.

IMPORTANT TO LOAN SOCIETIES.—A Mr William Rey-
nolds appeared before Mr. Maude, at the New Bailey on
Monday last, in answer to a summons which had been issued
against him, to show cause why he should not pay the sum
of £2os. 9d., being an instalment due to the Adelaide LB/
Loan Society, by Caleb Hill, for whom he and another per-
son had become surety. Mr. Edward Foulks appeared on
behalf of the Loan Society; and Mr. Bullock, attorney,
appeared for Reynolds. Mr. Foulks quoted the Bth section
of the 5 and 6 William IV. c. 2.3, commonly called the Loan
Societies Act, which gives the magistrates power, in case an
instalment, which is due, remained unpaid, to issue a war-
raneof distress against the goods of the party summoned.
Mr. Hardman, the secretary to the society, proved the sign-
ature of the defendant to the promissory note, and stated
that
_the persm who borrowed the money hoc! gone to Liver-
pool. Mr. Foulks then put in• a doctiment signed by Mr.
Tidd Pratt, the barrister appointed to certify the rules of
friendly societies, which stated that he approved of the rules;
and that he had transmitted a copy to the clerk of the peace
to by enrolled. Ms. Bullock, on the part of the defendant,
contended that.they must have evidence, that the rules had
been duly enrolled. Mr. Foulkes then quoted the 4th sec-
tion of the act, which states that the certifying barrister shall
transmit a copy to the clerk of the peace, and said they had
his certificate that he had done that, which he contended was
sufficient according to the act of parliament. Mr. Maude
said he thought the defendant had a right to require evidence
that the rules had been enrolled; but if that were required,
the defendant would have the additional costs to pay. Mr.
Bullock then applied for the summons to be dismissed; but
Mr. Maude said he would not dismiss it, but would postpone
it till ,the first day of the sessions, when the deputy-clerk of
the peace would be here, and could prove the enrolment.
The case was then postponed.—[We understand that this is
the first application of the kind to this court:l—Manchester
Guardian.

MECHANICS' INSTITUTION.

LECTURES ON THE STRUCTURE aND HISTORY OF THE
ARTICUL✓ITED 4 MOLLUSCOUS CL✓ISSES OF ANIMALS.

On Wednesday evening Dr. Grant delivered his fifth lec-
ture, to a numerous and respectable audience. The subject
of this evening's lecture was the arachnidan and crustaceous•
animals.

The arachnid are formed to feed upon other insects, and
we find that they do so at the earliest stages of their existence.
There are indeed a great number of animals which resort to
this kind of food. Many of the manimalia are formed to sub-
sist entirely upon it, for large as are the anteaters we find
that they are especially organized for insect food. The ant-
eaters have a lengthened. narrow, cylindrical tongue, which
is entirely lubricated with a a salivary secretion. This they
dart amongst the ants, and as they cannot escape, when a
sufficient number adhere to the surface the animals withdraw
their tongues into their mouths. Many of the feathered
tribe are organized to subsist upon the same nourishment,
even those which are adapted to feed upon grain are obliged
in the breeding season to change this kind of granivorous
food for that of insects. We observe the reptiles which are
intended to eat the larger tribe of animals all begin with in-
Sects. Nay, many of the saurian tribe of reptiles—the lizard
tribe, are observed to live upon insects all their life. Many
persons must have observed the dexterity with which the
chamelions seize upon the flies which alight upon the branches
of trees to feed upon their juices. We observe that a large
portion of the fishes have air vessels, for the purpose of keep-
ing them upon the surface of the water, so as to enable.thein
to seize upon the insects which buzz upon the surface. Nay,
we observe some of the fishes actually shooting the insects
from off the branches of oveihanging trees. Some of them
are capable of projecting a drop of water out of their mouth
with such unerring dexterity that they carefully miss the in.
sect as the drop ascends, but bring down the insect into their
expectant mouths in its downward description of the parabolic
curve. We find, in fact, that one half of the articulated tribe
of animals is destined to consume the other half. Indeed,
there are numerous insects which subsist on other insects.
There are many situations in which they swarm, partly to
obtain food from smaller insects, and partly for the protec-
tion which such situations afford them. Even in the most re-
tired situations insects have their foes to pursue them there,
and prey upon them. This is the case especially with the
arachnidm, creatures which have no wings or compound eyes.
They have often many eyes it is true, but they are disposed
in clustres or isolated groups. These arachnids°, as they are
called, from their similarity to the Greek arachne or spider,
waylay their prey with the utmost caution and dexterity.
They for the most part possess four extremities at the four
sides of the body, the trunk being distinctly jointed. The
head of the animal is so disposed as to produce a part of the
the thorax called the ceptialo thorax. The scorpions and
spiders breathe the atmospheric air by means of four openings
on the sides of their body leading to internal cavities. The
cephalo thorax of the arachnithe has attachments• to the
masticating organs as well as those of sensation. There
are, likewise, tour pairs of legs depending to them, and
an enormous organ not connected with those of motion,
by which the animal transfixes and poisons its victims. The
palpi of scorpions take a different form. The scorpion, like
the spider, is provided with poison, but it is placed in the pos-
terior extremity of its body. The arachnidte, although they
feed for the most part on insect's food, are not provided with
wings to follow their prey through the air. Their bodies are
light, and this lightness is given to them by the means of nu-
merous air sacs. Many of the inferior arachnidw breathe by
means of ramified air tubes placed like those of insects through
the exterior of their body. Others appear to breathe by the
whole exterior membranous surface of the body. They are
polybrancheate. These arachnidm are, however, adapted for
the light movements necessary to enable them to follow in-
sects which have a high development of their muscular, opti-
cal and nervous systems. The organs of vision in the arach-
nidan are distributed over the muscular portions of the central
thorax. • Thera are from two to eight eyes in the back part
of the body, fitted with the most perfect apparatus yet found
in the eye of the most complicate being. These insects are
not only thus admirably adapted for overtaking the insect
food upon which they subsist, but we observe that the light
structure of their body is also increased by the material con-
stituting their exterior skeleton, which is composed like that
of the true insects of an apparently horny substance called
kytce. They are well provided with masticating and digestive
apparatus for reducing to their own likeness the food which
is allotted to them. Not only do we observe them provided
with poisonous glands at the extremities of their palpi, or at
the posterior ends of their trunks, but the great length of
their feet enables them to seize at a distance those insects
which may be escaping. We observe, likewise, that those
animals are provided with glandular follicles opening exter-
nally by means of small malt°, from which they send out
out a thin material capable of becoming solid upon exposure
to the air, and of forming a thread of some density. We ob:
serve that the arachuidae, with their posterior extremities,
agglutinate several of these threads together to forma strong
bounding cord as a margin to their nets. These papillaecon-
tain a great number of perforations, from which there issue
forth on compression small filaments; which unite, and serve
to compose the material of which the net is composed. These
filaments are capable of being thrown out with, rapidity, and
when not united so as to be capable of forming watch guards
and other objects of curiosity, though they are composed so
delicately, they are capable of suspending the animal in the
air. With these organs they are capable of forming nets and
joining them to points very ,far asunder. The industry of
these arachnidae, like that of the ant, affords a most useful
lesson to man, for, when upon the least agitation of the trees
their strongholds become beaten down, the spiders are in-
' creasing in their labours /o and fro, until they have repaired
the damage which has been done to their nets. These nets
are constructed with perfect similarity, each species having
its own peculiar form. No spider is capable of imitating the
nets of another spider of a distinct species, so that that the
nets of the spider at once indicate the species to which they
belong. We therefore must not ridicule the labours of Zaba,
who spent a great part of his life and fortune in causing the
nets of spiders to be collected and engraved. The web of a
spider is a beautiful contrivance for entangling the prey
which comes against it unawares. The sharp points of the
feet of insects become so involved in the net that the crea-
tures are obliged to abide the corning of the spider, which
awaits its prey in some secure corner of the net. He sees
the fly caught, and comes out to poison it with his dart. If
the insect be a large one he leaves it to die, and then comes
and sucks thehutritious portions of its body. The scorpions,
which, like evildoers, shun the light, hiding themselves un-
der stones and in the trunks of trees, swarm iu the jungles
of the East, where a large number of insects abound We
see in all parts of the economy of these arachnidm a beauti-
ful adaptation for animal food. The alimentary canal must
be short, because they
,subsist upon insects organized like
themselves. They have large biliary and salivary glands.
The sea has its scorpions as well as the land, but they have
upon the exterior of their thirties a dense solid coveting, as,
we see in the crustaceous animals. This may wills safety be
given to marine animals on account of the density of the me-
dium in which they live. The crustaceous. animals breathe
not by means of air apertuies, like the araehnidre, but by
gills. They breathe the oxygen which is dispersed through
the waters, whether fresh. or. marine, and have many of the
samearahnprovidedw with the means for
filch we observe in the
cruel,id w .
They voracious
are ts
catching the'prey upon which they are destined to subsist.
We observe that the crustaceous animals are provided, like
insects, with compound eyes, which are placed upon the sides
of the head. These eyes are sometimes sessile and at others ,
pedunculated, the peduncles being sometimes as long as the
body. The crustaceous animals are well adapted by the de-
velopment of their organs of sensation and vision for their
situation and habits. They have two pair of antennae, of
which the the inner pair is sometimes divided into two or
more parts. These jointed organs of sense have at their base
the organs of hearing, which consist of something similar to
the central filament of the human ear. Although the num-
ber of the eyes of crustaceous animals are not equal to those
of the insects, they exceed- the myrtapods. The crustaceous
animals are provided with ass exterior coatin,g, which is light,
considering, the density of the element in vrhich they reside
and the levity which it gives to heavy bodies. They reside in
caves at the.bottoin of the sea, and are much exposed to the
pressure of the solid bodies which are constantly rolling about
in that element. '!'heir covering surrounds and ranges over
every part of the trunk of the body. We observe also that
the organs of locomotion are also sheathed in large calcareous
tubes, which completely envelope them, The masticating
organs are similarly organised. The palpi which are attached
to these masticating organs are enclosed in the same exterior
covering, incapable of itself of growing. Even the antennae
are enveloped with rings of the same material. When a
crustaceous animal swims in the water it is backwards, and
never forwards. This is occasioned by the creature flapping
its tail in the water, which acts as a paddle. The tail is
likewise turned underneath when the creature is alarmed,
because it is least defended underneath by a calcareous
skeleton. The calcareous skeleton can no more expand than
the rock upon which it may be resting, as there are no blood
vessels or nerves connected with it. The younger animals,
as they increase in size, are therefore obliged to shed their
skeletons in rapid succession. But when they have attained the
adult state, they do not require to shed it often. The shedding
takes place only once a year, and it is an enormous affair
because of the large portion of crustaceous matter which
must be secreted to cover every part of the surface. We ob-
serve that tbe creature first secretes within the old shell a
varnish like substance, which hardens upon exposure. It
then detaches itself from the whole of the exterior skeleton in
which it was before so entirely encased, and which is indeed
but,a loose covering over every part of the body. Another
coating of thin varnish is poured out, which deeply stains
the animal a blood red hue. There is no red blood in the
,body of crustaceous animals; it is a blue whitish substance
which circulates in their blood vessels. It is the pigment
prepared to colour the surface of the new shell. Soon there
is poured out a new supply of varnish which soon hardens.
This is poured out, however, by the true skin beneath the
colouring matter. Before this takes place the creature is
exceedingly anxious; the old prison is too narrow, it impedes
the free circulation of its fluid, and it strives to disengage
itself. This is done without much difficulty, except with
regard to the smaller organs, and in particular the anteonm.
It is a curious circumstance that when you break off one part
of the leg of the spider, (and this experiment has beep re-'
peated by many curious persons,) that when the last joint
only for instance, of the spider's leg is broken off, the insect
will itself break off the remaining joints still higher, by the
joint still nearer to the body. At that part it can easily pro-
duce a soft organ without.any shell, but soon it begins to
assume the jointed character, and you can see, small as it is,
that it has all the elements of the large-tointed leg which was
broken off. If the same thing is done with a crustaceous
. animal it will throw off the leg hi like manner near to the
burly, and shoot out a soft fleshy part which will soon become
jointed and similar in appearance to the one which was
broken off. Nay, it is asserted that our sailors on the
coast of Spain, seeing the ease with which the legs are pro-
duced, used to break them off, and then leave the animals, in
order that they might reproduce fresh legs against the ensuing
spring. These creatures are aided in getting out of their co-
verings by a process which we cannot discover, so that a won-
derful physical change takes place previously in the carbon-
ate of lime. In place of being. soft and elastic, it becomes
exceedingly brittle—in short, it is prepared by nature to en-
able the creature to escape by cracking in every part. In
their struggle to disengage themselves they often break off
part of their members, and are then obliged to disengage the
whole of the organ. Nay, they are often completely de-
stroyed in their efforts to disengage themselves from their old
skeletons. The pigment previously mentioned is not dis-
persed through the shell of the lobster, but merely on the
surface, but is protected from the waters of the ocean by a
thin coating or epidermis. There would not be any colour-
ing upon the animal were it not designed for some special
purpose. It imitates the colouring of the rocks or the ma-
rine places in which the creatures lurk to seek their prey.
The conclusion of the lecture we shall give in our next
publication.

BIRMINGHAM AND DERBY linnwAy.—The Birmingham
and Derby Railway is i-n a state of considerable forwardness.
The whole of the works from Derby to Stone Bridge are in
course of actual execution, and the Directors feel confident
that the line will be open for the conveyance of goods and
passengers by the 30th of June, 1839. To prevent the possi-
bility of any delay from the want of funds to carry on the
works, they have determined to borrow £200,000 in addition
to the different calls which the list allows them to make upon
the shareholders.

At all the assizes, Queen Victoria's proclamation against
Vice, Profaneness, and Immorality is read, wherein her Ma-
jesty enjoins the employment in public offices of none but
moral and pious persons. The sincerity of the ministers who
put out this proclamation may be found in the appointments
of Turton, Gibbon Wakefield, Toni Duncombe, &c. If
the Queen can do no wrong, she can be insulted; and it is
impossible to conceive a more striking one than that given
in the Canadian appointments. Lord Melbourne probably
thinks the affair as good a joke as the celebrated One regard-
ing the chastity of Mary Magdalene. Certainly he is in no
condition to complain.

NORTHERN HOSPITAL WEEKLY REPORT.

For the week ending AUG. 18, 1838.

PATIENTS ADMITTED. ' PATIENTS DISCHARGED.
Accidents without mem- 'Cured l7
mendation
Medical and Surgical cases ;irregular 0
upon recommendation .... 18:Died . 1
Remaining in the Hospital B3

House Visitors, B. H. Jones and John Rigby. Esqrs.
Chaplain. Rev. 11, S. Joseph.—Treasurer. R. W. Bateson, Esq
House Surgeon—Mr. Benjamin Blower.

Donations and Subscriptions received by Messrs. Arthur Hey-
wood, Sons, and Co., and at all the Liverpool Banks.

LIVERPOOL CORN EXCHANGE, AUGUST 18.
We have this week again had very limited supplies to our Corn
market. The favourable change in the weather has, et the same
time, bad the usual effect on the trade, checking the disposition to
purchase and inducing, those desirous to sell to meet the languor of
the demand by a reduction in price. At yesterday's market,
Wheat, both bonded and free, was noted 4d to 6d per bushel lower
than on Tuesday. English Wheat was sold at 12s to I2s 6d, the
best runs of Irish at 10s 9d to lls 3d, and 10s per 701bs. may be
considered a top quotation for foreign, in bond.—Oats were also 1(1
to •2d per bushel and Flour and Oatmeal Is to 2s per sack and load
respectively cheaper.—ln the value of Barley, Beans and Peas no
alteration was made.