The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1849-10-23 00:00:00

THE HIDDEN TREASURE.

In the month of November last a young girl named
Eulalie M—, of the age of fifteen, was brought to one
of the hospitals of Paris while labouring under a most
alarming attack of catalepsy. The case was a most
curious one, and the mother of the girl declared that she
was subject to this disease, but had never been afflicted
for so long a period together, having been for four days
and nights without consciousness. The doctors of the
establishment were, of course, enchanted with this bonne
aubaine, and forthwith began to experimentalize, and to
prove and test a hundred different methods of cure which,
nevertheless, had all been exhausted before the poor
patient was restored to herself. Such, however, was the
debilitated state in which the disease, or rather the
"remedies," had left her, that she was compelled to
remain for some time longer in the hospital to regain her
strength. It was during this convalescence that a pheno-
menon of the most extraordinary nature was witnessed in
poor Eulalie, which caused the greatest perplexity and
confusion among the nurses and doctors in attendance
upon her. She was seized with an unceasing, ungovern-
able flow of speech,—words poured in a torrent from her
lips ; night or day, sleeping or waking, it was the same.
This was no phenomenon at all, you will say : with
persons of her age and sex nothing is more common ; but,
gentle reader, it was the subject of her discourse which
vas so extraordinary, and which caused even the oldest
and most experienced of the medical advisers gathered
round her bed to turn aside, some in wrath, others in con-
fusion,—it was the complete unveiling of every thought
and desire which was passing through the mind of who-
ever approached within a certain distance of her bed. So
great was the panic produced in the establishment, that,
out of the seven holy sisters appointed for the guardian-
ship of the sick, but one had the courage to wait upon
this extraordinary and marvellous patient ; and she was
the youngest and prettiest of them all.
The evil grew to such a height, so many secrets sot
afloat, so many suspicions had grown into certainty by
this means, that it was deemed expedient to dismiss the
patient before a complete schism was created amongst
the authorities of the hospital. Every celebrity in the
magnetic science had been summoned to visit the girl,
and all had declared that never before had a subject pos-
sessing such extraordinary powers of clairvoyance been
met with. Every one of the professors, of-course, con-
tended for the honour of bringing her into public notice;
but the young assistant of the hospital, who had attended
her in the first instance, became the happy man, and bore
off the treasure to an obscure lodging near the Rue St.
Jacques, giving up, for her sake and for the dream of
fortune promised by the wonderful faculty which she
possessed, his present situation and the certainty of
advancement he had acquired by many years study and
steadfast attention to his arduous profession.
For a while everything prospered with the young couple.
All Paris flocked to hear the revelations of the Sybil, and
her house was thronged from morning till night with eager
inquiries. About a year ago Madame de S--, well
known by her eccentric researches in every kind of science,
became so enthusiastic in her admiration of Eulalie, that
she insisted upon her taking up her abode with her, in
order to aid in certain occult works upon which she was
engaged, the end and aim being directed to no less an
object than the discovery of all the buried treasure which
exists throughout France.
It would appear that the revelations of the fair Eulalie
were of such a nature as to satisfy the most golden anti-
cipations of Madame de S—. Hundreds of visions,
more gorgeous than imagination could supply, burst one
by one upon the sleeping sense of the somnambula ; but
of all those which were thus laid open to the greedy anti-
cipations of the consultar.le, none seemed to offer such
immense and eertain chance of splendour as that which
was beheld at the Chateau of Chalus. These ruins so
celebrated in English song, became forthwith the object
of a pilgrimage, and the Marquise du repaired thither
with the firm intention of purchasing the ruins, if they
were to be had for love or money. But the owner cared
not a whit for the first, as far as the marquise was con-
cerned at least, and a great deal too much for the second ;
so that the affair was rather more difficult to manage than
Madame de 5 anticipated.
Nothing, however, is impossible to those who are gifted
with a will firm and resolute as that of the stout hearted
marquise ; and the bargain was struck at an enormous
sacrifice on her part, the only condition being the removal
of the rubbish which encumbered the entrance to the
principal dungeon of the castle, where, so the persuasion
existed, the whole of the treasure was contained. The
impatience of the fair purchaser was so great that, fearing
the customary delay in all French proceedings, she in-
sisted upon the performance of the bargain before she
would consent to sigp the contract. _

Accordingly, workmen were sent to commence the task
at once, when lo ! by the very stroke of the hammer which
levelled to the ground the- remnant of the old wall that
barred all access to the dungeon, a_recess was discovered
hollowed in the stone, and in the recess a casket of iron,
curiously wrought in Me fashion of the Greek empire.,
mbieh casket, being opened. was found to contain a dia-

Oct 23,18

mmilimmumagimmi.
mond of wonderful magnitude, and of the first Wel 'of I
is said to be six times larger than the Dent, ,
lustre unrivalled by any stone known as yet to the ;ft00it
The value of the treasure is supposed to be at 10
million' Ve Imes. . _to it
it is now remembered that in many chronic..aystl
mentioned that the determination of Richard the
ed
Fair siege to this castle was caused solely by the de=
..r'
gaining possession of the immense treasure it vietcys
posed tp contain, and that the death he inlet with
was considered a'fit punishment for his avarice. Prot
logs have already been instituted against the °woe! ti,
chateau, who refuses to give up any portion of tue
sure to Madame de S-; and the curious circuartg#
which have given rise to the trial will furnish mat
much speculation during the coming winter.

_ ~-~.~.

Set. '3,51849

Cbt Kiimpool &tanbarb.
I'URSDj.I7 MORNING, OCT. 23, 184 g.

Prins intelligence brought I)y*-111"tet""her Arne"
•Itea, from Canada, is of a very excitiniZ
• ytnti impor
taut nature. The Montreal 1.3 azette of the t;th ins!'
. LtB, that the " present state of matters there is
lorai:al in the extreme, and will soon he alarming."
" England might, but she tells it's '-she will
;kr back upon her steps ; she tells us in plain
of as
that if we consider her connexion with us
%at: little benefit to us, as she considers it. has
to her, we had better put a final end to i. at
n en
and that she wonders we do not." Our
17enfitemporary then. goes on to remark upon the
Of known and long-tried loyalty of a great body
men "who looked on Great Britain in this world,
18.
el they still do to Heaven in the next " and to the
es in opposition to them, who have always been
eZonrable to republican institution's. He then
rns, that "from the date of the Rebellion Losses
a great portion of the loya' lists ceased to con-
"der themselves bound by their allegiance. Tate-
.ol6,t and a balance of advantages took the place of
tou feelings. A revolution which years of hardship
,„111d.” not have effected, was accomplished in a
week
1„ Ile conclusion of the article which we quote be-
4, deserves the early and serious attention of all
of are desirous to retaln that important portion
the British empire. We may add, that our con-
-1 7 norary's gloomy apprehensions are shared in by
testified by
of the intelligent class in the colony, as is
by private letters which we have seen, an
°rant from one of which we will now give :

Montreal, Oct. Bth.
talZWe are hastening fast towards separation. every one
a,,,8 of it as the one thing needful for us, commercially
,"" Politically, and nearly all the papers (except the go-
ing sueoz ones) are daily discussing the project, and mak-
ecnoparisons with figures, too, showing how it woull
b.Prove our condition. We almost think Mr. Isaac Bucha-
.:ll was right, that " Lord Elgin will be the last British
}%nvernor in these parts." I have reason to believe that a
inber of influential gentlemen are now preparing a
Per for the public, and this manifesto will shortly ap-
Vftr. The governor is sneaking about from Niagara to
0!)tt Dover, Brantford, and other parts, and promises
ouortlY to vi sit Toronto. God speed him home, for he
1119 produces ►mischief here."
The following are the Gazette's remarks to which
We
alluded above :
ho" The true state of opinion in Canada now is directly
it ;tile to British connection. It is of no use to disguise
r°ol ourselves, nor to conceal it from the British
•
for In Lower Canada both English and French are ripe
stiia change. In Upper Canada, we believe, that there is
Of a roajbrity of the population pretending to be desirous
I_,cOntinuing to be connected with England.; but the in-
'truants of the towns along the lakes are last changing
teal opinions, and, in a short time, the old feeling—the
teal feeling—will be confined to old-country settlers in
ahe back townships. But it is not difficult to foresee the
grtach of the time, when the difference of fifteen pence
oosoel on wheat will have changea their opinions also.
f en ve believe to be the correct statement of the position
routers here at present. If there is any party in
iglgland that desires the colony to be retained, we tell
atken' seriously that they have no time to lose, in making
II effort to save it. In two years they will have no party
tre through which to act."

the is really painful to observe the shifts to which
e Free Traders and Bullionists are driven, to
.°'aunt for the events of the past two years. Potato
al s, railway speculation. European revolutions—
imaginable pleas—have been urged to meet
the naked and undeniable fact that we have had,
this period, to suffer a depreciation of—at a
ferY moderate estimate—some two hundred mil-
..l,°rle of the aggregate capital of the country. Our
contemporary, the Manchester Guardian, is p
riarllarti-
y ingenious in his explanations of this singu •
(1' occurrence; and in his publication of Wednes-
aY enters into an elaborate argument which,
happily, contains a few important admissions. We
quote a portion of our contemporary's remarks :
Lie:_lhe parliamentary plpers which have recently been
vered, now place within our reach the means of an
daac,t comparison of the export trade of this country
rinß 1847 and 1848,—two years which, in the future
Inni
eo ercial history of this country, will rank amongst the
rttllest eventful on record. The one will vie with, if it does
bl't entirely eclipse, the year 1825, so marked in the
ernnrY of all who are old enough to recollect it, for its
IPeculations, high prices, subsequent collapse, ruin,
ti"'rnercial panic, monetary crisis, and wide-spread
Vankruptcy : the other, for revolutions, convulsions, and
itical excitement, has no parallel in the history of
able
Such are the two years, each the most remark-
of e in its own way that history discloses, and the trade
Which, falling as they did together, we have now to
te°,
'Pare.l We are also enabled to bring into comparison
.
„," trade of at least nine months of the present year, in
ota
„, e of the most important articles on which the cors-
et and industry of this neighbourhood depend.
The year 1817, though marked by such unusual con-
imp I]inns, may be said, so far as regarded the general
.64:e of the country, to have been a fair average year.
.„ ring the first six or seven months, there was an unu-
-;g1 buoyancy, great speculation, high prices, and very
illensire transactions, which the momentary squeeze in
I,i_n2olley market, in April, had little effect in checking.
f e large transactions of that portion of the year made up
ee! the limited business in the three or four months of
toupmercial gloom, panic, despondency, and distrust
thth Which it concluded. The amount of the exports of
e Year reached £58,847,377. Within its circle, braem-
ited all the striking features of commercial experience.
ke°egari, with high hope and great speculation. These
618 re succeeded by disappointment, crises, losses, and
'lvencies, to an extent unknown at any former time."
"Speculation, high prices, subsequent collapse,
op
in, panic, monetary crisis, and wide-
;vt.,ead bankruptcy"—an imposing catalogue of
not unlike Mr. Jones Loyd's famous cycle !
iluese occurred in 1825 ; and they were exceeded
etas
disaster by the state of affairs in 1847. Yet this
4a under a law which was expressly and emphati-
cally to prevent undue speculations and " subse-
icilent collapse." Surely our bullionists must now
wtoalit that, thus far, their legislation has been a
iti'llre• But the potato rot came to interfere with
dWorking ! Granted. We had to import some
hiteen millions worth of food. Why that, accord-
toßkto all the arguments of the free traders, ought
to "aye given a stimulus to our import trade. Yet
ear every million's worth of this food we had to
tiecjißce above ten millions of the value of the
I,,o'll.,lnulated property of the country ! The railway
101ce, too, are urged as a cause of all this sacrifice.
hi: spent some millions in the construction of
ll,oet remunerative undertakings; yet the aggregate
reiTertY of the country became of two hundred
Loilions less value in consequence ! Mills, mines,
lb, se% farms, the national securities became of less
4,4,17 value, because we had converted land into
Of ,?41 productiveness, taken iron from the bowels
pio'ne earth and made it yield railway fares, em-
pro37ed labourers and made them consumers of the
thie duets of native industry, and of imported pro-
prot—in a word, because we had increased the
prill,etive capital of the country. On the same
tit; —Ple, a man who builds a street, or a mill upon
lioaroperty, or fashions a cargo of timber into a
laboe ship, ought to find the product of his
in tits, or his skill, diminished, instead of being
enteaeed
irCi,sll,_e Contemporary goes on to paint the events
took place in the following year-1848—
~ illve entered upon "full of hope. He says:—
*llieteople little dreamed of the cruel disappointment to
they were doomed. The month of January looked
'eh), '.ine exports exceeded even those of January, 1847.
.ar!,-'4ea.tlyi,vvent on equally well, the exprts still in ad-
tioa' on the 18th of that month, the French revo-
N th "Poke upon us with the suddenness and awfulness
Itirradunder. A new and most unlooked-for element was
dad,,nced into all commercial calculations. The fears
l'elee!nrebodings of the most timid were realised with a
tag, itY Which no one could have anticipated. The con-
-411 at"
s d h stria nrea vs. it a rapid.ity. unparalleled. Italy,
Zavaisl
Germany were all, within a few short weeks,
ealno,_ and the fair promises of January were, before
,18 f March, all converted into dismay and gloom.
nea.,4Ports fell off by millions in each month ; and al-
intlepV, during the last three months of the year, a con-
ale
"noterevival had taken place, their amount for the
ttt „Year Was £6,000,000 less than in 1847."
e)cp 8 examine, briefly, this specious plea. We
to °llea.
in 1848, less, by six millions sterling than
Prh forei We had six millions less to receive from
gner for our labour, skill, and materials.
been he re finer
th Property of the country ought to have
t'oold Lila six millions less, and no more, than it
it wal!ave been, had our exports not so fallen off.
e six millions the sum total of our loss ?
tiozolliswe could say so. And here is the strange
tiro J• e are almost the only nation in
4„tevoliiPtd23einch was not involved in the vortext of
o,ei, No contending armies trampled on
e quiet , No insurgent mobs disturbed greatly
I:tbd I.abours of our producing classes. We
ourtsielix miilions worth of the result of those
it?sall ~i,itt,_for a season on our hands—little more
1,41.(1 beea'n of what we pay annually in taxation—
illions !Ise of this, we are told, that hundreds of
tbuch lave been sacrificed by individuals, and,
1
to,_° amount, the property of the nation is at
104 7ent 0. f less money value. The deprecia-
"e Price of the stock of one railway com-

pany aloft; would 3 more than eni,ef the amount 04
our Ziexreasecl imports. The actnet earnings df the,
London and North Western line, in 1848, would.
alone be equal to nearly half the falling off, to
which is traced so great a portion of our present
sufferings !

We wish our philosophers to bring a "little more
of common sense and candour to bear upon this
;:lbject—let them face the question fairly—let them
tell us how it is that the entire property of the
country is worth so much less now than it was
thle..o years ago. If they can do this without
taking into their consideration the effect of our
monetary laws, we are greatly deceived.

WE fully admit, with the London Times, the
importance of the project of Prince Albert, which
has for its object the promotion of an improved
taste for design amongst our manufacturers and
artizans, and the establishment of a friendly inter-
change of thought upon such subjects, with our
Continental neighbours. This proposed grand ex-
hibition of arts and manufactures is your true
peace congress. It will do more to bring us to an
understanding of each others characters, to remove
national prejudices, and to awaken a wholesome
feeling of emulation, by which the industry of the
whole human race will he benefited, than all the
spechifyings of the Cobdens, Elihu Burritts, and
their dreamy class. But we do not think that our
contemporary is quite warranted in the views which
he takes of the inferiority of the British taste in
manufactures, set forth in the following extract
from his remarks of Saturday last :

" Industrious and ingenious as our countrymen are,
they want some of the qualities which contribute not only
to intellectual elevation, but even to commercial success.
Large sums are annually lavished in the vain attempt to
create a school of taste, yet at this moment our manufac-
turers are obliged to pilfer French patterns, and think
themselves eminently successful when they disguise the
inventions of Paris and Lyons without spoiling them. As
a general rule, our native manufacturers have no resources
except a beggarly dependence on fureigners, a servile ad-
herence to classic and other conventional forms, and the
merest imitation. Our position, our mineral wealth, our
machinery, our commerce, and the inexhaustible energy
of our race, enable us to carry all markets before us, and
to force our commodities on the world ; but the want of
native taste is a continual drag on our efforts, and entails
severe losses in a market continually affected by the ca-
prices of fashion. Now, just as manners are learnt in
good society, and moral, among the virtuous, so taste in
all its branches can only be acquired by communication
with those who possess the precious gift, and by familiarity
with their works and ideas. No amount of solitary thought,
no effort of unassisted industry, can make a man a good
Christian, a goad poet, a good artist, or a good anything
else. He must condescend to be helped ; and it this is
true of the relation between man and man, it is not less
true of the intercourse of nations.

"There is scarcely an article that could be mentioned
in which our sterling qualities do not turn to less account
than they should do—ail for want of the graces. Our
manufactures are cheap and good—often too good, as they
only perpetuate ugliness. Our furniture is calculated to
last for centuries, but is generally insipid and heavy. The
wood may be well seasoned, the lines may be straight, and
the corners right angles. The drawers may fit, and doors
may be well hung. What is more, the lock and key may
do their duty. But the whole is a mere stupid repetition,
line for line, of some vulgar model, of which there are ten
thousand too many already. In any third-rate French
town there are dozens of cabinet-makers whose politics may
be rather loose, and whose workmanship may not be al.
ways trustworthy, but who at the price of the London
article will turn out a real work of imagination. FGr
comfort and for use we might prefer the home goods, but
if we wish for the occasional refreshment of an agreeable
object, or covet a poetical air for our apartments, we
should find it much cheaper to import. It is the same
with every other sort of manufacture. From millinery to
men of war, from rockets to lighthouses, from cookery to
tactics, from bonbons to triumphal arches, our neighbours
surpass us in the science and the taste necessary to bring
these things to perfection. As for us, it must he confessed
that we live by " sucking their brains." The tortoise
beats the hare. Our dogged resolution serves us for ge-
nius, and we reap the crop which others have sown.
Such we say is our case for the most part. 'We have
amongst us extraordinary instances of science, genius and
taste; but as a general rule, there is more of these quali-
ties in a French operative than in an English employer."
There is of course some truth in all this. We do
" pilfer French patterns ;" but why ? Because,
with a certain portion of the public, nothing finds
favour which is domestic in taste or manufacture.
Our cambrics, our woollen stuffs, our printed
calicoes, our silks, sell all the better if they are
styled " French ;" yet they are Manchester, Brad-
ford, and Spitalflelds, nevertheless. So long as we
worship French taste, and flatter the vanity of our
neighbours by giving a preference to their handi-
work, there can be little chance of reward for the
exertions of English originality.
'We are not, however, disposed to admit that the
taste of the English artizan is so decidedly inferior
to that of the foreigner as our contemporary would
persuade us. We are certainly inferior to few of
our neighbours, and not at all to France, in paint-
ing, in sculpture, in poetry, or in the leading walks
of science or art; and if we do not devote these to
the production of "real works of imagination" in
tables and chairs, it is, no doubt, because we prefer
such articles, when possessed of the sterling quali-
ties of endurance and usefulness. It may be de-
sirable that "a poetical air" should be given to
our apartments, and that we should enjoy " the
occasional refreshment of an agreeable object"
there; but airs are poetical, and objects agreeable,
according to the associations which they excite in
the individual. The editor of the Times may ad-
mire the gilded frippery of a Parisian saloon; other
men the more solid, and equally picturesque fur-
nishing of the baronial halls of England. Our
contemporary may possibly like to luxuriate in a
beard and imperial, a la feline France; other people
prefer the cleanliness of a smooth shaven face. The
cultivation of a classic taste might induce a few of
our exquisites to go back to the Roman Toga, and
to discard the modern dress coats, and all the
variety of paletots and overcoats ; our wives and
sisters might incline to return to the days of short
waists and powder, or of hoops and trains; but, in
any of these cases, it would not be clear that taste
had improved, but only that taste had altered.
If nothing beyond the modelling of British taste
upon a French pattern, and production of " works
of imagination" in tables, and chairs, coats and
dresses, is to result from Prince Albert's proposed
grand exhibition of works of art and science, we
shall not look forward to it with any great expecta-
tion of a good result. We should as little augur
good from an increased importation of French
manners and morals. 'We look forward, however,
to better things ; to the rejection by every nation,
thus to be brought into a comparison of intellect
and skill with their neighbours, of old prejudices,
and absurd uses of the gifts of God. In some
things it may be, that England may be induced to
adopt the arts and tastes of other countries ;
but we rather incline to believe that the result
would be that she would he driven to cling to her
own as the most useful, and to get rid of her stupid
preference for the productions and her disastrous
aping or the habits and tastes of rivals, who are
neither her equals in art or in morals.

THAT the agriculture of a large portion of the
Continent is of the very rudest description, and
that the encouragement of additional markets is all
that is required to give a vast development to the
raising of agricultural products, are facts of which
we have long been convinced. In new countries,
such as the United States, there can be no rational
limit to the production of a supply far exceeding
the wants of their inhabitants for centuries to come.
Nor, the statistics of our respected county mem-
ber, Mr. Brown, notwithstanding, can any known
point in price he fixed, below which the surplus of
such countries will not reach us. Already we have
seen enough to satisfy us that the United States
will shortly be in a position to inundate our mar-
kets with cereal productions. In such a country
agriculture is the natural, the first and the main
pursuit. Its capital is the vast tracts of virgin soil,
only waiting the industry of its increasing popula-
tion to cover them with abundance of the food re-
quired for man. The price at which that food can
be raised it is impossible to determine. We cannot
tell how rapidly or how energetically the myriads,
now flocking from every country to the Western
States of that land, will press forward in the race of
competition, as growers of grain, with the existing
population of the already settled states. All that
we know is that these myriads go out expressly to
till the ground ; that their mainstays are the plough
and the sickle, the axe and the spade; and that the
result must as inevitably be a gradual decrease in
the price of food, compared with that of other com-
modities, or with money, as it will be an increase of
food available for the wants of the world. There
can be no limit to surplus production until the soil
holds as many beings as it is capable of feeding.
There be no check to decreasing prices, with an
increasing supply, until the value of that supply
becomes so low that a man no longer betters him-
self by his labour.
In America, and other new countries, it is to the
bringing of additional land under cultivation that

•
we have to look for increased supply. In Enrope,
however,. we hare to expect that' increase from the
improvement of agricultural science. The farming
of the Polish serf is unaided by the appliances of
modern science. His agricultural implements are
imperfect, and a large portion of the roil can
scarcely be said to have been cleared at all. Russia,
of the interim of which we know comparatively
'little', has vast tracts of land,yet to be colonized and
cultivated, and many portions of them unprovided
with roads fir the transport of agricultural products
when raised. Of the position and prospects of the
future development of that country, the reviewer
(in Frazer's Magazine) of the work of a recent '
tourist, Hazthausen, remarks :
" The north of that country is almost wholly covered
with woods. Among them is one uninteirupted track of
forests, of greater size than the whole kingdom of Spain.
Next comes a region of little or no fertility, extiending
from the Irral to Smolensk, covering an area of 18,000
square miles, and inhabited by a population of more than
16,000, who are extensively engaged in the manufacture of
almost all articles of industry, but who could not manage
to exist and to pursue their avocations if the northern
forest did not supply them with fuel and timber, and if
corn were not provided for them by the fertile plains of
the south. Thesa southern plains- have an abundance of
loam, and extend over a territory of twice the size of
France. The wheat grows there for a hundred years in
the same soil, without artificial help from manuring. In
the south-east begin those boundless 'steppen,' the
haunts of the migratory nations, whose descent upon the
civilized countries of Europe has always marked, and
perhaps will again mark, the grand epochs in the history
of the world."

There can he no question as to the probability
that from southern Russia we may shortly antici-
pate a greatly increased supply, as the result of the
inducements which we are affording to extended
and improved cultivation. The attention of the
public has recently been directed to another coun-
try—Hungary—hitherto scarcely known, save as an
insignificant dependency of Austria, yet contain-
ing, as we now know, the germs of a powerful
people. The agriculture of Hungary is thus de-
scribed from the spot by the private correspondent
of the London Times

" Of the value of manure they have not the least idea,
or rather they set too much store by it, for it accumulates
in the towns so as to breed a fever from time to time.
The agent of the Steam Navigation Company wished a
heap of dung to be removed from the vicinity of the land-
ing place here ; but the peasant answered that the dung of
his father and grandfather had lain there, and he did not
understand how he could be called on to remove it for the
public convenience. It never struck him that if he laid it
on his land he should put money in his pocket, so it was
removed by the steam boat agent. The ploughs here are
of the rudest description, and are all of wood, except a
coarse ploughshare, which turns aside the earth so insuf-
ficiently that all the ploughing is done with six oxen,
when, with the modern plough, a pair of stout oxen is
quite sufficient for the heaviest land. The harrows look
as if they had come out of Noah's ark, being entirely of
rude branches of trees pegged together in the most inar-
tistic manner, and do their work so imperfectly that the
considerable part of the seed corn is blown away. When
harvest timecomes, the wheat, instead of being reaped, is
mown down like grass, the mower receiving an eighth of
the whole for his trouble in mowing. The corn is then
heaped up in stacks, and often lies on the ground until the
outside grows green again. There is no -thrashing except
in the modern farm of a wealthy magnate here and there,
and even with them if a wheel goes wrong there is nobody
in all the country round who can repair it, and a man
must be sent for from Pesth and Vienna. The grain is
trodden out by horses in the open air, at an immense loss,
and the substitute for a granary is no doubt the same as
between the Lena and the Oxus, before the days of Arpad.
A hole is dug in the earth, narrow at the top and broad
below, and here the corn is deposited. To exclude the
damp, the mouth is so narrow and the cavity so deep, that
the man who takes it out is let down with a rope, like
Joseph into the pit, and after half a year the corn gets so
earthy a flavour that the bread gets an unavoidable gozit,
which every traveller in the back settlements of Hungary
can remember."

Such a state of things is not likely to continue in
these days of railway enterprise and industrial ad-
vancement. The rude plough will be laid aside ;
the ruder harrow will be rejected; and the produce-
of the soil will find its way gradually, in an
improved condition, to the markets of the world.
The quality of the land itself is inconceivably rich.
The same writer thus describes it

"The ground about Szolnok, as well as all along the
Theirs from Tokay to its confluence with the Danube,
near Belgrade, is fat black humus., and consequently not
good for potatoes, but excellent for rapeseed and wheat,
the proportion of rape sown to the product being around
Szolnok as Ito 90-95 and 100. With more hands and
better agriculture the vale of the Theiss might become a
Peruvian gold mine ; for instance, from here to Mezii
'i OL. is a five hours' journey, all black alluvial soil, and only
two houses are to be seen. It, therefore, follows that
those who really are laborious, and understand the mo-
dern processes of agriculture have very good incomes ; for
instance, Mr. Z , a native of Stuhlweissenburg, rents
a fine estate near here of 4.000 acres from the Almasy
family, for the sum of 33,000 florins (about £1,300 ster-
ling) ; the expenses of cultivation amount to about the
same sum—together with £2,600. One year lately his
income, from rapeseed alone, was 90,000 florins, or about
£3,600 sterling ; and this from only a third of the land,
another third being grain, and the rest pasture and
mixed crops. In a good year he makes £6,000 per annum,
which, with the deduction of £2,600 per annum for rent
and cultivation, leaves him above £3,000 per annum.
But you may rest assured that Mr. Z knows the
value of time, and does not saunter about all day smoking
his pipe. The poor, simple, brave, and good-natured
Magyar sadly needs a " Poor Richard " to tell him that
there are " no gains without pains."

The Magyar will undoubtedly find a "Poor Rich-
ard " shortly, not only to incite him to increased
energy, but to teach him as well how to avail
himself of the sources of wealth which Providence
has placed within his reach. Hitherto he has been
content to produce for little more than his own
wants alone. But it is inherent in the human race
to strive after the attainment of wealth, when the
path is laid open to them. The mighty Danube
was not made to flow for ever through the fertile
plains of Hungary, without bearing their rich pro-
duce to the ocean. The Magyar race have failed in
their wild effort to assert for themselves distinct
nationality by force of arms ; but another, and a
surer path to greatness, is open to them ; the
"Peruvian mine" is beneath their feet; and Eng-
land's and the world's markets are open to turn its
products into gold. "What must be the result to
the British agriculturist of the increase of supply to
come from all these sources it is not difficult to
prophecy. He may hold his own for a time, in
competition with countries, of whose agriculture
that of Hungary is a specimen; but he will not do
so when science, skill, and means equal to his own,
are everywhere applied to promote the work of
cultivation.

The Mayor of Liverpool and Mr. Cardwell, had
an interview, on Monday, with Lord John Russell.
On Monday, a little before midnight, Mr. Hill, of
Wavertree, was knocked down near the railway bridge,
and robbed of .Z 1 12s. 6th

On Tuesday, John Bowers, a watchmaker, living in
Whale-street, destroyed himself by cutting his throat with
a razor.

On Tuesday, the body of a man, unknown, was found
in the Prince's-dock basin, between the timbers of the
gridiron.
Mr. Whitfield Smith and Mr. H. W. Cannell, of this
town, have been admitted members of the Royal College
of Veterinary Surgeons. _ _

On Tuesday, James earberzy, an emigrant who was
going to America in the ship Ben Grant, dropped down
on the deck when the vessel was near the Bell Buoy, and
died almost immediately.
On Tuesday, William Henry M'George, a child three
years old, living in Collier-street, Toxteth-park, was so
severely burnt, through its clothes catching fire, that it
died in a few hours.

It is said that a Liverpool firm has made a purchase in
New York, within the last month, of close on 10,000
barrels of extra superfine flour, which will stand, landed
in Liverpool, only 16s. 9d. per barrel.
WATER RATES.—On Tuesday, a number of persons
were summoned for nonpayment of water rates, and in
each case judgment was given. We understand that all
persons owing water rent for the first quarter of last year
will be proceeded against.

ST. PETER'S WARD.-Mr. Thomas Clarke, who is an
opponent of the Pike scheme, and a dock rater, is a can-
didate for this ward, and we confidently recommend him
to the constituency as a very proper gentleman to repre-
sent their interests.

A deputation, consisting of the Baron de Goldsmid, Mr.
Bailey, and Mr. Brassey, Directors of the Birkenhead
Dock Company, accompanied by Mr. Itendel, had an in-
terview with the Commissioners of her Majesty's Wood..
and Forests on Friday.

Late on Sunday night, in Low-hill, Mr. Gaskell, auc-
tioneer, and Mr. Speed, cattle dealer, were driving their
vehicles in opposite directions, when, owing to the dark-
ness of the night, each horse was struck by the shaft of
the opposite vehicle, and both were killed on the spot.
Neither of the gentlemen were seriously injured.
The Sarah Sands, from this port to New York, landed,
on Tuesday week, at Dunmore, a small town at the mouth
of Waterford harbour, five men and three bo3s who had
concealed themselves on board before the vessel left this
port. On application to the Mayor of Waterford, the
parties were sent to this port.
OPENING OF THE NEW UNITARIAN CHAPEL, HOPE-
STREET.—The beautiful edifice lately erected in Hope-
street, was opened on Thursday. The attendance was
exceedingly numerous, and althongh many extra seats had
been provided, still numbers were obliged to stand during
the whole service. The event was celebrated by a soiree
in the Philharmonic Hall, at which about six hundred
ladies and gentlemen were present. Mr. J. Bolton was
in the chair. The ball presented a very dazzling appear-
ance.