The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-02-16 00:00:00

. , .
attended with great achrantatres; it. would show the gallantry
rof the- bridegroom and the taste of the bride. Mr. Winstan-
ley then pioceeded to show the various styles of painting from
.the rwelfih to the end of the fifteenth century, amongst a valuable
and choice collection of old paintings, which were loing in the
lecture-room. He also showed Some specimens orilluminated
missals. showing the gonzeons style in which the Roman missal
was forinerlY- got up.' In conclusion, he said, he should be am-
ply repaid if he had awakened any interest in the tine arts.
lie sat down amidst mod applause.
The Pit P.SIDENT said they owed a debt of gratitude to Mr.
inst anley for the instruction he had afforded them. lie an-
ticipa led great public benefit from essays of this kind, He
trusted that the Noireh had done away with the feeling which
had formerly existed against the lineal Institution and t ha' it
has now no longer a kind of terra ineagaga. He believed that
previously to the introduction of these soirees 99 nut of 100 per-
sons did not know what the institution contained, and were
Madly' ignorant of its various rich stores of information. He
hoped that parents would send their children to avail themselves
of the various specimens of art which the institution contained
and thus cherish the rising spark of genius. Aftei the mental
recreation which they had had Dr. Reynolds proposed to give
them a little bodily excitement, and galvanize any who wished..
it, gratis. It was a most delightful sensation to those who liked
it: for hi. own part he did not. IA laugh.)
Da, REysoi.ios then proceeded to explain the mode ofcharg-
ing and the action of the galvanic battery. A new kind of the
galvanic apparatus had been invented which was much
superior to the old one. The galvanic fluid, in the old appa•
ratus, became exhausted after the battery had been charged
about four hours from the action of the acid dissolving the
zinc plates and depositing the zinc upon the surface of
the copper plates, and thus rendering them in eff..er, also zinc.
In the new battery this was avoided. A number of distinct
troughs of copper were made, and then charged with acid. in
these were placed bags made of skin, which were charged, also,
with acid. and in these hills were placed bars of zinc ; thus, the
zinc, and the copper had each a distinct. and separate Hai,' of
their own. The galvanic current was then united at the top.
This kind of battery would continue in lull force till the acid
was Toite exhausted. He then threw a current of the galvanic
fluid from this battery into a bottle of water, the water in which.
was thereby decomposed into its elements, oxygen, and hydrogen
gas. This gas, when collected, and forced through a small
tube, on a light being applied to it, produced a most brilliant
light. and a very intense heat. A project had been mooted of
applying this mode of heat to steam boilers to generate steam.
He little doubted it would he found to succeed ; and if applied to'
marine boilers would do away with the necessity ofcarrving fuel.
All that world be necessary, would be a proper galvanic bat-
tery of sufficiept power, and a few bottles .of acid; the sea wa-
ter would supply the fuel. He exhibited a number of other
interesting experiments; after which, the company took tea
and coffee, at the ditt'rent refreshment rooms promenading was
resumed till ten o'clock. when the assemblage began to dis-
perse, apparently highly delighted with the evening's entertain-
ment:

PHRENOLOGY.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE. LIVERPOOL SLIND.I RD.

Stn,-1 shall now endeavour tdanswer the principal objec-
thins brought forward by tuy opponent, and. in doing so, as{ his
" facts" are derivect(preperly enough) from the experiments of
others, any severity of remark 1 may think fit to use cannot,
and is not intended to be personal to himself. The first objec-
tion. is to my phystognoinical mode of proving phrenology; and
it is asserted, that phrenology and crattiology' are used synony-
mously by writers on the subject. It. he had said by writers
ayainst the subject, who are ignorant of its very eleinen•s, he
would have been correct. Phrenology means a discourse upon
the mind; craniology a discourse upon the skull; and although
it was thri ttgli the: phy.rimjnumy of the skull that phrenology was
discuvertd, yet the ulelaphlsical knowledge of the cottslitutiou
of our uuuda is perfet•tty inilepend"Ut of craniology, and nut
only professes to he the ugly hue" mental stirnce,'t but what
1s strange, toils the very ctri•ner Shiite of the btliitlingr is seldtrtlt
attacked, or attacked b} those who know Sit little of the subjel t
as to confrund phrenology with craniology, and to ask, with
great simplicity, why . phrenologists do not call jMignient a pri-
mitive fatuity ?
The qu 'scions as to the effect of size and quality are set at
rest by such parts of my lectures as you have found room for ;
and the argument. that the convolutious at the base of the
skull, which, Miring life, we cannot examine, may develope fa-
culties oppt,s,l to those manifested by organs which we can ex-
amine, affects not phrenology. Ctaniology is of course Imper-
fect, and will remain so, as long as the office of any' one part of
the brain snail remain .unknown; and althrouAll we cannot ma-
Intimate the lemon) of the brain during life, yet post morten,
examinations, particularly of diseased functions, not attribut-
able to any known organ, will, I doubt not, eventually till up the
chasm at present existing; but be it remembered, that the
separate kn wn Fuuttion of each known part of the brain is
" positive and not relative;" and the die:cover). of an antago-
nizing, power to any one faculty would no more affect the exact
uatule and value of the known taetiltv than the discovery of a
new island it) the southern part of the globe, peopled by a new
rate, would alter the character and ittrinbel• of the individuals
inhabiting a place tailed " litigland." the effect would be, to
add a new fact to geography', and to render the •• science of sta-
Mill more "uncertain" than it is at present; tint I
doubt wht'thei this new discovery would (as my critic assumes)
destroy the " science of statistics" or geography altogether. I
still should call thetn "sciences," although lie would not; lie-
valise. he says. that the meaning of the word science implies a
"rut' undeistanding of the a hole subject about aluch it treats,"
and gives an example ft ow mathematics, which is no example
at .11, and would not affect the :tegument if it were. But, ac-
cording to him, mathemai it s can be no science, because we can-
not, as yet, squat e the circle: chemistry is no science, because
we are ignorant of some of the laws which regulate natutal com-
binations; and geography is unworthy of the name, because it
hat b not yet mapped out the mountams of the moon, or given
a deseription of the subterranr au. caves which vomit forth their
contents through the volcano's mouth.
Aly opponent asserts, that "if the mind of a cobbler were so
directed, It is capable of attainieg as much perfection it) fiddling
as cobbling." I might well leave so abstiid a proptisition to the
universal ridicule every man's own personal expetience will
make 111 CqUitill good hock? The rilfsseesreurtYttigt7:eHrlitts."nb(l))l:nrsta.'eurk;
thislaalaFilklitrislih:,(l,.e.iglilfl:s.laiht,ltil)peli t*
it! alitirlosotn only
the 'okt) only "i:
metaphysical objection
" plurality of our primitive powers," I refer to my lectures for
the positive proofs of !herr existence.
llr sa‘s, that - 'l'urk's bead is round, thetefore " 'Fmk's
cli4iarier should be per feet." Now, it so !lappet's that a Tut k's
head is not a sphere, but very neatly a hemisphere. fits " there-
fare." then. is a non sequitur. But a craniologist • would tell
you, that such a head would evidence a very large preponder-
ance of the animal passions, and knowing faculties, great firm-
ness and veneration, with small benevolence and 'effective
powers. Perhaps some of your readers will tell me it the Turks
are such people.
In Dr. !Instant's case, phrenology meets with unexpected
support. If the clitie will look at the spot in the brain so loose-
ly described, be will find it marked No. 12. Her eautiousness,
Chet), and not her sect et iyeness. her fears nod not her cunning',
would be morbidly aroused. She would. tinder such an affec-
tion, "he continually terrified;" and as her madness was occa-
sioned " by religious enthusiasm," het eternal salvation would
be the subject of tier terrors. Ili-ally all the argurnen•s as such,
in support of the •' unity of the mind and the unity of the brain,"
are so futile, that shall ctruclude this part of my subject by
him to account upon his theory fora difference of charac-
terer, and then I shall be " satisfied." But whilst
one but d Orent/IoV,ltit est, tell how it hap.
pens, . vinnort %%a-in) any one
men, the one shall have strong intellect
and weak passions. the other weak intellect and strung pass;ons;
or, if lie will enable us, by any known (10cum..., to understand
" Atintunania," how the mind shall be diseased upon one point
and healthy upon ,41 others; why then I will at k ledge, that
he places himself iu a positirrti which gives him some small in-
sight into human character, at present it is to him a sealed
bottle.
One remark more. Phrenology is not answerable for the
bit„,rintlr soi.disant prolessers. If a man choose to volunteer
an absurd theory Thurtell's motives in murdering Weare,
h„uii is as little afrected thereby as is religion, because
e,sgy
i
there sue many stupid professors of religion, and much false
duct rune.
Space will not allow me to examine the measurements of
111 r. Scott,
ir
force of the
ced form them, may be est limited froin one. Ile measures the
amount of In: ihne value,t'ront Ilfit:ruisaisitirle7eg sl to the middle ittit.'utrii;ene tr.fe,;:7,lll;de.
ocirfp.oiLtee eetyt
over the e. N.'W. it •Ar evident, that thisdislance may
be great, either because the lot ehead is prominent, or because
the bead is wide al the ears and the difference a ill be ynereY..
th it, ill one case, intellectual power, in the other, animal pro.
pensities will be developed : but this is a small matter to your
thotoughurring anti phrenologist—ex turn dinar Trines.
in my next. which wi 1 be my last, I will show some of the
absurdities into which Mr. Flourens and his disciples have
fallen.-1 ain. Sir, your obedient servant,
Q UM BA Lin,
Lp.
[We shall await Mr. Rumball's second triter, and may h
if aes' e. occasion, offer some ctruclodiog remarks. Perhaps,
in strictness, according to the rules observed in discussions, we
ought not to avail outselves of t. reply upon a reply; but really
there is _bill.? to reply to. We may safely refer our rea.'ers
b ark to the articles we have written iti answer to Mr. Itumball
as a full and sufficient answer to the present letter.l

On Sunday, the I lilt instant, a et lieetion was made in St.
Mark'sehtneh. wi,iulutany previous notice having been !ziven,
when the sum 4it £L2 was collected in behalf t,f our stiff-ring
poor, which is iu course of distribution in coals, potatoes, and
bread.

Sam Scott, the celebrated American juniper, has now made
a most extraordmaty jump from the house Of Mr. Junes, at
Warrington,. viz.—to the tread-mill, at Kit kdale.
::The Liverpool Anti-Slavery Society have determined to pub-
-10) Mi-,Blackbuin's speech on the apprenticeship riy stein in the.
form of a pamphlet, together with an offir ial report of the
speeches delivered at the anti-slaVery meeting held on the 19th
and 211th December.—[We hope that it) so doing the Aoti-
* aver) Society will have the honesty to rick tlttw ledge Ito
gait ins to the Lire/pea/ Standard, that tel the only news-
paper in which anything like a correct and fuil report of any of
the speeches have appeared.]
Y EVIiNT —On Wednesday la't. Mr. Doe ling,
the active conimissionei 44 police, was app. ed to by Mt. Green-
metchant ot this town, to take means for SCellting
piling man employed in his cffice. who was labimring under
snispoprine prs
isierfi*t.iti r other.sii,tity
~and who, he was afraid, woubl he injur-
ig uThe day before he had taken a loaded
pistol trout him, and he had reason to lieiieve that he still had
possession of fire-arms, lie had threatened to di) hint an injury,
and his medical man had premature(' the unfortunate %lath,
man to be quite insane, and that it was not safe he shall(' be at
large, Upon this representation, Mr. Dowling went himself to
seek out the young man, and discovered him it) a state of great
excitement, parading up and down the Exchange Newsroom,
with his hat compressed fiat 'into the shape of a cocked hat, and
creating much alarm by his excited and wild appearauce. Mr.
Dowling succeeded in persuading him, by qnietty talking to
hint, that he had some important communication to make, to
him, if he would step into his office. Mr. Dowling then told
him. that be was given to understand, that he had fire-arms in
his possession, and wished hint to give them up. The young
man sail, Mr Dowling had no authority to require them from
him, and he would not give them up; and tout it they were
taken from him, it must be by hove. Mr. Dowling then told
him. that if he did not give them up, he must lie force. The
young man then said. he had a pistol, and Mr. Dowling shook'
have the contents of it. Mr 11),4wting immediately seized him
by one atm. whilst Ainsworth, the officer, sprang behind
and seized his whet hand as he was drawing it out of his pocket.
In this hand he had a small double-barrelled pistol, which was
eneked, and wits found to be cupped mid loaded. A fie t his had
been taken from him, he became very violent, rod it required
great folt eh, hold him. It was afterwards found nece.sary In
dune lain, until the arrival a proper persons to fake charge of
hint ; but he was so violent that he broke the chain, and tore
ever% thing loose: Ina slcmt time. Slaires arrived, and it pt
him r :uve%e I to the asy nun, Ile is described as being am•ex
ceediuglV flue and powerful young man; and it is believed
that a disappointment of a tender ualucto Lai thiveu him lulu
his kreseut cuelauchulk stats,