The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1849-03-20 00:00:00

MR. EMERSON ON ENGLAND

WHEAT AVERAGES.-Mr. Bright has obtained
showing the average prices of wheat in 15 principal agri-
cultural and 15 manufacturing towns in the three last
weeks of April, August, and December, in each year since
1841. Taking the three last weeks of April in each year
as a fair criterion of the annual average, we find that in
1842 the price of wheat was £3 Os. 2d. per quarter in the
agricultural, and £3 in the manufacturing and commer-
cial districts; in April, 1843, £2 6s. 11d. in the agricultu-
ral, and £2 ss. 4d. in the other districts; in April, 1844,
£2 153. 4d. in the agricultural, and £2 15s. 3d. in the
other districts; in April, 1845, £2 6s. 10d. in the agricul-
tural, and £2 15s. Bd. in the other districts; in April,
1847, £3 15s. in the agricultural, and £3 13s. 3d. in the
other districts ; and in April, 1848, £2 10s. 4d. in the
agricultural, and £2 10s. in the other districts. During
the last week of December, 1848, the average price of
wheat was £2 7s. ld. in the agricultural, and £2 Bs. 4d
in the other districts.
THE STANFIELD HALL MURDERS.-
Wednesday night.—The serious apprehens

Wy mondham

upon the recent assassinations at S ...dity which hat.
to some extent subsided, have been revived within the
last few days, in consequence of too well founded rumours
that the life of Mrs. Jermy is despaired of, and that there
is little or no hope of the recovery of her servant-maid,
Eliza Chestney. It will be recollected that Mrs. Jermy

tanfielc

was wounded by the assassin in the elbow joint of her
right arm. Owing, however, to the judicious medical
treatment she received there appeared to be no reason to
fear that unfavourable results would ensue. On Monday
morning, however, the symptoms took an adverse turn,
and the limb has now been amputated. Although the
operation was performed with considerable skill under the
direction of Mr. Nicholls, of Norwich, and Mr. Tunneley,
of Wymondham, the shock which has been sustained by
the unfortunate lady is so severe that there is not the
slightest hope that she will survive. The life of Eliza
Chestney, Mrs. Jermy's servant-maid, and one of the
Principal witnesses at the forthcoming trial, is also des-
paired of.
THE WREXHAM BANK FAILURE. -In re Richard
Middleton Lloyd.—The affairs of this bankrupt, formerly

carrying on hilliness as a banker, came before Mr. Com-
missioner Perry on Wednesday. The court was much
crowded with creditors and otl
, which seemed to excite consider
' solicitor, of this town, appeared for th

quil waters

Mr. Evans,

Lownde

solicitor, f

rupt was supported by Mr. Bardswell, solicitor. Further
proofs, to the amount of £5,127 17s. 2d, were admitted.
From statements made by the opposing solicitors, it ap-
peared that the bankrupt's balance-sheet was dated from
the Ist of January, 1841, at which period he was insolvent,
and owed money to the amount of £20,000 18s. 4d. The
amount at present due to his creditors is £51,375 10s. 2d.,

and the assets will be exceedingly small in proportion to
the amount owing.—Mr. Evans objected to the balance-
sheet filed by the bankrupt. He said that the attention
of the assignees had been directed to the insertion in the
balance-sheet of a sum of £20,000 18s. 4d., which it was
stated was owing by the bankrupt in January, 1841. Mr.
Blease, the accountant employed by the assignees, had
) contended that
for, and that a

that sum was not and

aciently accoun

the period when the bankrupt was first insolvent, which it
was clear was before 1841.—Considerable discussion took
place between the respective solicitors; after which, his
honour ruled that a new balance-sheet should be drawn
out, commencing in the year 1824.—The bankrupt was
then subjected to a long and scrutinising examination by
Mr. Evans as to the affairs of the bank for several years
past; after which, the further hearing of the case was ad.
journed to the 18th of May.

THE CHOLERA IN SUNDERLAND.—This epidemic
within the last week has prevailed rather extensively in
Sunderland, but by no means to the extent which rumour
has represented. The first case, that of a navigator,
occurred in Love-lane on Sunday week, and terminated
in death the same day. On the following Wednesday,
Mrs. Taylor and her child, in the Low Street, were taken
ill ; which was followed on Friday by the illness of Mrs.

Taylor's mother, who died on the same day ; the child
died on the 10th, and Mrs. Taylor on Sunday the 11th,
on the night of which day Mrs. Jennings, sister of Mrs.
Taylor, and who had attended to the afflicted family from
the outset with true female devotedness, also fell before
the disease after a few hours illness—making thus four
cases and as many deaths in one house. Meanwhile the
epidemic had been spreading. Including the above there

• .
had occurred from Wednesday week to Sunday last at
noon 44 cases and 20 deaths—the burials in Sunderland
Churchyard on Sunday being 13. From noon on Sunday
to noon on Tuesday the additional cases were 28 ; deaths
13. From Tuesday to noon yesterday there have been
several new cases, and about 8 deaths. The epidemic has
been confined to the lanes and alleys on both sides of
High-street, extending from Church-street downwards.
Meanwhile all that could be done by medical skill has
been supplied by the surgeons of the town. The Poor
Law Guardians on Monday last met and passed various

resolutions to meet the emergency. Of course also inti-
mation was at once given by the Board of Health officers
in this town to head quarters in London of the epidemic
having broken out here; and in consequence of the intel-
ligence forwarded on Sunday Dr. Sutherland, who was at
Glasgow, was acquainted by telegraph on Monday that he
must immediately proceed to Sunderland, which he
accordingly did and reached here on Tuesday, where he
has since been actively engaged in carrying out in con-
junction with the Poor Law Union authorities, and medi-
cal gentlemen of the town, the necessary measures for the

alleviat

ion and prevention of tt

disease,
ped will

which is no

ptisiderably mitigate

in a few days subside altOgethei

d, and it is
Sunderland Times
d from Ed
es having

CHOLERA.-
burgh to Sund

-Dr. Sutherland has been calico
erland in consequence of 40 fatal

Aberdeen

occurred in the latter town in two days

Prior to his de-
held

parture fro- ..inburgh a public meeting wt.. -, at
which many important details connected with this terrible
disease were given. It appears that there have been in
Edinburgh 2,234 cholera cases, of which 856 were fatal.
The town was divided into districts under Dr. Sutherland's
superintendence, and in most of these student visitors
were employed ; but in one district—Bridgeton—a rather
different plan was adopted, which is thus described by
D- I :—" It -nd t -f us. " if we

nerlam. occurred to some of , that i.
could get a number of intelligent working men or shop-
keepers, well acquainted with the localities, and to be

ployed as visitors within the district. They might hunt
out these premonitory cases, and report them to the
medical officer, who, in his turn would promptly treat
them. This plan was followed. I went to Bridgeton and
explained the plan to be pursued, and the local committee
acted upon it with energy. I watched the operations of
these new visitors; and I wenMotn a short time since
to ascertain the result, and aund it to be of the most
satisfactory kind. I have not the details here before me;
but, when published, they will he of great importance to
places similarly situated. The visitations by these work-
ing people were entirely successful. They visited the
whole district : they reported every house that was in
want of cleaning; they promptly reported a vast number
of incipient cases of cholera; and by their means many
lives were saved. As the general result, Bridgeton was
never known to be so clean and healthy as it is at the
present moment. There is not a case of epidemic in it."
Many of the gentlemen present expressed themselves ex-
tremely grateful for Dr. Sutherland's services, which,
they said, had been of the greatest service in the town.
Dr. J. Adams stated " that on the former visitation of
cholera to this country, a great deal of money had been
uselessly thrown away. The presence of Dr. Sutherland
at this juncture, however, had been of great advantage to
the city. He ably combined his personal services with
his position as the organ of the General Board of Health.
His presence secured the zealous exertions of the medical
men of so much experience. There was not only the

However we may differ from Mr. Emerson in opinion,
and consider his theological doctrines very dangerous, he
is yet capable of forming a judgment on the practical
every-day matters he saw around him during his recent
visit to England. A New York paper says :
" Ralph Waldo Emerson lectured before the Boston
Mercantile Library Association, Dec. 27th, on England,
giving the results of his observations during his recent vi-
sit. He appears to have derived strongly favourableim-
pressions of the English character. He spoke of the steady
balance of the qualities of their nature as their character-
istic, and the secret of their success. Everything in Eng-
land betokens life. The land and climate are favourable
to the production and preservation of good men. Mr.
Emerson facetiously remarked that it was aaainst his
theory to travel—he did not like it, and in most cases he
considered it disadvantageous to the literary man. Run-
ning up hills and over valleys he believed the office of a
wheel, not of a man. But he had profited by his trip to
England.

He referred to the elements of that power which the
English now hold, and have held for centuries. After
looking at her manufactories, scattered all other the land,
her commerce, her agriculture, her arts, and witnessing
the stupendous results which have been wrought out, one
is convinced that if he would see the best development of
common sense (the standard sense), he must go to Eng-
land to witness it. The land, in every part so like a gar-
den, shows the triumph of labour ; the fields look as if
finished with the pencil, not the plough. Every arable
spot has been cultivated, and everything turned to the
best possible use.

" England, indeed, is a huge mill, a grand hotel, where
everything is provided to one's mind. On the railroads
we ride twice as fast, and with one-half the shaking that
we do upon our roads. All England is a machine—every-
body moves on a railway—no Englishman ever touches the
ground. England has the best working climate in the
world ; it is never hot or cold ; their winter days are like
our November days in the early part of the month. The
only drawback which Mr. Emerson mentioned was the
dark gray colour of the sky, which renders day and night
too nearly alike, and makes it painful at times to read
and write. To this must be added the dark, dense smoke
of many of the manufacturing towns ; this smoke pervad-
ing and completely enveloping at times every surrounding
object. _ _

England has all the materials for a working country—
iron, coal, &c., excepting wood.

" The Englishman enjoys great health and vigour of
body. They are larger than Americans. One hundred
Englishmen taken at random, would probably weigh one
quarter more than the same number of Americans, taken
in the same manner; and yet the skeleton is said not to
weigh more. The Englishman is plump, round, and full,
and presents a stout, respectable, grandfatherly figure.
The women, even, have thick-set forms, and seldom a
tall, spare Englishman is seen. The figures of the days of
chivalry carved in stone, some of them nine hundred years
old, which adorn the churches all over England,
the same types which characterise the present rac
joying vigorous health, they last well, and 01
powers are strongly developed. They are great eaters,
and claim that a zood supply of food is essential to
health. They have more constitutional energy and vigogr
than we have. Pluck is the national characteristic—the
cabman, the porter, the nobleman, the bishop, and even
the women have it ; the press runs over with it.
" An Englishman speaks with his whole body ; his elo-
cution is stomachy—an American's is labial. He may
growl at the petty annoyances of an hotel, but he has
abundance of self-command. But the axes of his eyes'
are united to his backbone, and only move with his trunk.
Whoever else may fail, the Englishman will not. He has
existed for a thousand years, and will continue to exist, as
)n! consequent his character possesses as much energy as ever.

1.--Jent
En-
na. animal

" London and England are now in full groxth. Bir-
kenhead, opposite Liverpool, grows as fast as South Bos-
ton, ow Brooklyn, opposite New York. London is en-
larging at an alarming rate, even to the swallowing up of
Middlesex. The British Museum is not yet arranged;

western colleges. Everything in England betokens life.
" Be sure the Englishman does not build castles and
abbeys, but what the nineteenth century demands, he
builds; docks, wha-fs, warehouses, &c., without number.
In all that the Englishman does,. even to the noise of
clearing his throat, he gives evidence of strength. It is
not the land for faint hearts.

" One thing is very noticeable among the people, and
that is their total neglect of each other. Each matt
shaves, dresses, eats, walks, and runs just as he pleases,
and his neighbour pays no attention to him, so long as he
is not interfered with ; and this is not because English-
men are trained to neglect, but because each man is
trained to mind his own business. Personal eccentricities
are allowed here, and no one observes them. Each
Islander is an Island himself, reposing in quiet and trail-

" It is very certain that the Englishman h
confidence in the power of his nation that he ca

so much
s very

Lt any other

Swede

frequently during the last century, and an Ital
who wrote in 1500, were both quoted in this connexion.
The Englishman is handsome, and has always been so.
If a handsome foreigner comes among them, the people
declare that it is a pity he is not an Englishman. This
arrogance is his birthright. His praise is to tell you it is
so English' in character, and his highest praise is to say
to an acquaintance, I should not know you from an
Englishman.' Now this is admirable in some respects.
" The English surpass all others in general culture—
none are so harmoniously developed. They are quick to
perceive any meanness in an individual. And.it is reason-
able that they should have all those fastidious views which
wealth and power are wont to generate. But it is not to
be disguised that there is much in English culture that
will not bear analysis. It is material, built solely upon
wealth, cockneyism, and is most fully exemplified in box-

n author,

ing, racing, gUnning, &c., what

re called true English
sports. They are neat, oraeriy, ana respectable, and have
the nicest care of their wines, politices, guns, &c. But
these are trifles. The manly forms are attributed to the
exercises, such as boating, boxing, and riding, in which
they indulge from early youth. The attachment to horses
among them is almost universal—they are always on horse-
back—the hotels are crowded with pictures of races. Bet-
ting, not without its uses, causes them to be very exact in
their data, and settles everything as a fact."

EPITAPH UPON FOUR INFANTS,

Beneath this stone four sleeping infants lie

Say were they lost or saved?
If death's by sin, they sinned, for they lie here,
If heaven's by works, in heaven they can't appear
Reason, ah, how depraved!
Revere the Bible's sacred page, the knot's untied,•

They died, for Adam sinned, they live, for Jesus ;lied

A HINT FOR HOOSEKEEPERS.-But few persons are
aware of the advantages which may be obtained by sim-
ply lining the back and sides of an ordinary fire-place
with fire-brick. Every body must have noticed that when
a fire goes out, the coals at the sides of the fire are left un-
burnt, whilst the centre is consumed. This arises from
the cooling powers of the iron at the sides, and hence
arises the complaint that " you must have a large fire, or
none at all." With fire-brick, the whole of the fire, how-
ever small, will-be kept alight, an object of great conside-

ration in spring and autumn ; and-even after the fire is
extinguished, the fire-brick lining will continue to diffuse
warmth for some time. Ano less important advantage is,
that less smoke is produced, and we may here remark on
the absurdity of putting down smoke in factory chimneys.
and leaving house chimneys untouched. If the smoke
from all the chimneys, say in Russell-square, were com-
bined and poured forth from one huge chimney, it would
be voted an intolerable nuisance. As it is, it passes un-
noticed. We have only to add that the expense of the
alteration is a mere trifle.—Artisan.

RAILWAY I

ELECEIPTS

The following are the receipts c
that is to say, up to the date to
are made :

Df railways for the pas
which the respective

Amiens and Boulogne
Belfast and Ballymena
Birkenhead, Lan. and Cheshire
Bolton, Blackburn, C. and W. Y
Caledonian

0 0 0
1309 0 0
482 0 0
710 0 0

Chester and Holyhead
Cockermouth and Workington
Dublin and Drogheda
Dublin and Kingstown
Dundee, Perth, and Aberdeen
East Anglian
Edinburgh and Glasgow
F.dinhiirvb and Northern

380 0 0
4496 0 0
105 0 0

0 0 0
687 0 0
596 0 0
1001 0 0
709 0 0
3291 0 0
1689 0 0

.4MM/A 811 daasva a. va 1..,1 as
E. Counties, N. Eastern, and N.
East Lancashire
Eastern Union

13313 0 0
2003 0 0
1202 0 0
2550 0 0

and Ayr

Glasgow and Greenock
Great Northern and East. Linc.
Great Southern and Western
Great Western
Kendal and Windermere
Lancashire and Yorkshire
Lancaster and Carlisle
Liverpool, Crosby, & Southport.
Londonderry- and Enniskillen
London and North-Western
London and Blackwall
London, Brighton & South Coast
London and South-Westeni
M'chester, Sheffield, and Lincoln'
Ma port and Carlisle
Midland, Bristol, and Birming-
ham
Midland Great Western (Ireland)
Monklands
Newcastle and Carlisle
Norfolk
North British
Paris and Rouen
Rouen and Havre
Scottish Central
Shrewsbury and Chester
South-Eastern
South Devon
Taff Vale
Ulster
Waterford and Limerick
Whitehaven Junction
York, Newcastle, and Berwick
York and North Midland, &c.,

•eturne

17926 0 0
O 0 0
11317 0 0
1865 0 0
71 0 0
O 0 0
38210 0 0
433 0 0
7109 0 0
8239 0 0
3154 0 0
O 0 0

-- 10 i 20186 0 0
--
11 1061 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
-- 10 2698 0 0
-- 10 5517 0 0
-- 10 2979 0 0
-- 10 858 0 0
-- It 1237 0 0
-- 10 6782 0 0
- 9 1412 0 0
-10 i 1842 0 0
-- 11 i 713 0 0
-- 3 255 0 0
0 0 0
--- 10 11376 6 0
-- 10 1 6981 0

684
5929
6296
2145

6587
744
1901
864

IP' Will hare despatch.
-Goods only to be taken on special agreement,
For HONG KONG and WHAMPOA,
VA The BAHAMIAN,
W. H. HAWKINS, Commander.
Apply to Messrs. TAYLOR, POTTER, and Co., or to
M'TEAR and VINING.
The British-built A I Barque ALBERT EDWARD will succeed.

Cast fubteS.

Is now filling up, and wil: be eespatehed in a few

• days.
For BOMBAY,
The well known Greenock-built Barque
ORPHEUS,
WILLIAM NEILL, Master;