The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-11-23 00:00:00

part of the way in one of the carriages, and partly I.
gine and tender, &e. ? and we are informed

much pleased with the smoothness of t
tion of the carriage. They were obl
mount at the two points still unfinished, vi

1, however, co dis-

the sma

great embankment ad

Altr,ond Valley Via.-

duct, and at the Croybridger
ther has made a prodigious ch

The last fortnight of fine

e on these two poin

the former, Messrs. Gibb and Son state that another fort-
night of such weather will complete their embankment. At
Croy, where it will be recollected the great ridge of whin-
stone rock occurs, of several hundred yards in length, and
not less than seventy or eighty feet in depth in some parts,
every exertion is making, that men are capable of, to disem-
bowel the portion of rock still remaining to be cleared out.
This portion, we are informed, extends to between► 100 and
200 yards in length, and Gor 8 feet in depth. The surface of
the rock exhibits a perfect hive of human beings, who give
most audible and visible proofs of their progress by the in-

cessant thunder of their blasts, and the eruptions of huge
masses of rock projected into the air. One of these blasts,
out of a host of others, which happened to be fired off while
the directors were passing, contained a barrel and a halt of
gunpowder, and were right glad to get beyond the
reach of its volcanic effects. With such adamantine matter
to deal with, we easily perceive that it will take some weeks
of good weather to remove the comparatively small remaining
qn:intity of rock ; but when this is once out, it will only re-

quire a day or two to complete the laying of the rails, which
in fact, are at present only a few hundred yards apart.

OPINION OF A WHIG DISSENTER
0

WORKING Of

T ki ti
MUNICIPAL REFOR

The following is a speech deliveren by W.
Mayor of Bury St. Eornunds, on relinquishing that °the,
the commencement of the present month. Mr. Robinson is
a respectable tanner in the town, has also been the leader of
the Whig party there, and admirably developes the workings
of the municipal act:—
" One great thing which he had long complained of
the want of confidence in those who had the adminir
of justice ; he therefore contended most earnestl•

Robinson,

, and c

deavoured to get persons of different political parties to join
in its administration, feeling assured that public confidence
could only be secured by having magistrates of different po-
litical creeds. He had felt it extremely irksome and difficult
to adjucate upon those cases which were brought before them,
arising immediately out of party disputes, and, therefore, he
felt very grateful indeed to receive the approbation which had
just been awarded him, especially when he knew he bad
gained it without the sacrifice of any principle whatever in the
course which he, whether right or wrong, had pursued. These
political principles, to which he need not allude, had been long
imbibed by him, and were firmly fixed in his mind ; nor
could it he considered likely that now, in his 72nd year,
they would undergo any material change. (Hear, hear.)
Out of the working of these principles many things had grown
which were notin his mind—he willingly made that confession,
and he made it because he owed it to the truth. The work-
ing of the Municipal Reform Act had not been in the way he
could have wished, and it had really frequently occured to
him that there was a great deal of truth when it was said,
there was much to blame in the old corporations, but much
more in the new ones. (Cheers.) Nothing, (a gentleman
once said to him,) was ever so bad as the old corporation,
except the new ones. (Loud applause.) He only wished
that the course which had been pursued by this corporation
had been such as would have secured it a better opinion, but
he was afraid this was no solitary instance. He could not
leave the office he had so lately held without glancing at some
of the things which had brought this council into disfavour.
The forrnost was that busy meddling they had ever shewn in
concerns that did not belong to them. Had they thought
proper to confine their attention to municipal objects, there
would have been quite enough to do (cheers); but they would
do anything rather than that! Nothing could be clearer
than that it was the intention of the Municipal Act to take
away all power over church patronage from town councils ;
and, indeed, this was the part of the hill which was most
highly thought of, and met with the most universal appro-
bation. (Loud applause.) But the council had retained
their right to interfere even till the last moment. (()freers.)
He was not in communion with the Church of England, but
he would say, nothing would reflect more discredit upon the
council than its conduct in this matter. Then, again, in
spite of the act which expressly declared that all charities
should be withdrawn frees their management, they actually
passed a resolution requiring all charity trustees to render an
account to the council. NV hat was the effect of that resolu-
tion ? Not a single return was ever made—the affair was too
absurd even for a Bury town council, and the further they
went in the matter the more they were ridiculed. (Cheers.)
Then there was a charity called Calthorpe's Charity—

enough a clerical charity, although the name of tl
magistrate, who was then sure to be a churchman, was
united with the two lecturers in the administration of its
funds. This they must interfere with, and what was the
consequence? Why, when it came on for trial they were
laughed out of court. Not content with this, the council
then set up a right to interfere with the Grammar School.
It mil true they had done nothing; that did not arise from
want of intention, but from want of power. (Cheers.) Thus
had the council contrived to set its foot into everything, and
wherever it had gone a very unsavoury smell was left behind.
(Laughter.) Mr. Robinson, in conclaiion, assured Mr.
Greene (the conservative new mayor) that he should have
his most hearty co-operation in any way that he could be of
service to him.

The Primate of Ireland has advised the Bishop and clergy
of Derry to leave the subject of education entirely in the
hands of her Majesty's present advisers.
A "LIBERAL" IOWN COUNCIL.—The good people of
Birmingham have heen involved in liabilities to the enormous
amount of X 43,800 by their liberal town council.

PUSEYISM.—A correspondent of Saturday's Standard
says—" Now, Sir, that I may be chargeable neither with in-
justice nor want of generosity, I do not ` insinuate,' but I
assert that there is good ground for supposing that there are
about ten members of this (Oxford) university, who instead
of fighting ` under their proper banner,' have hoisted the
flag of Anglicanism, and under these false colours are taking
advantage of their respective positions as fellows of colleges,
and clergymen of the established church, to propagate '
Ro-
manism,' and oppose ' primitive views ;' and, it duly called
upon to do so, I am ready to produce strong grounds for my
supposition in another letter.

)3-ONZ DUST.—The great superiority of ground bones, as a
manure, over every other yet discovered, particularly for
raising turnips, is now generally admitted throughout all
those districts, iu England, were it has come into general
use; and so much has the demand increased, that bones are
imported from many places on the Continent, and even from
AmeriCa. Bones being an article that cannot be produced
by any artificial means, the supply consequently must be
limited ; and there being almost no limit to the demand for
bone manure, the value must, of course, be enhanced, and
the price advanced accordingly ; it, therefore, becomes a
matter of importance to find out the best mode of treating it,
so as to produce the greatest benefit from the smallest
quantity. The following plan, for economizing bone manure,
suggested itself to the writer of this, on seeing a white powder
attached to the ground bones, in breaking up a heap that
had been ground and stored in a fresh damp state. Bones,
ground or unground, readily heat when put into heaps damp,
or exposed to rain. During this fermentation, great quantities
of ammoniacal and carbonic gases escape, these gases being
the food of plants, and the turnip being a numerous and
broad-leaved plant, it is well adapted to absorb these gases,
and ist,' perhaps, more benefited than any other we know of
by this manure. Hence the great bulk and weight of a good
crop of turnips. A considerable portion of the ammonia,
liberated by this heat, attaches itself to the particles of bone
in a sublimed state; but much the greater part flies off and
is lost. The consideration then is, how to keep the bone
manure, as far as practicable, from heating until it is in
possession of the farmer, when he can make this heating
property profitabletoliim
withselt. ammoniaEarth,as w; eiltl aiss,wtahteer;rfocraen,
be strongly impregnated
evident, that if ground bones can be placed in a heap with
earth, so as to allow the earth to absorb the gases, the
earthy part itself will become a valuable additional manure
to the turnip drill. Ido not know what the practice of an
intelligent and experienced farmer would be in such a case,
but it occurs to me, that placing layers of ground bones, and
light open mould alternately in equal quantities, say nine to
twelve inches thick, (perhaps thicker layers would be requi-
site to generate heat,) sprinkling the boes with water before
the earth is put over—raising the heap five or six feet, and
covering the top with straw and earth, like a potato pit to
keep all dry, and to arrest some of the gases that have es-
caped the interior earth. This compost should not be
opened until the drills were ready to receive it, and perhaps,
the best place for the heap would be, the field where the tur-
nips are to be sown ; the fine earth with bones, will make
them more evenly distributed in the drill. The more speedily
this compost could be put into the drill and covered the bet-
ter, so as, to keep the heat and gases confined as much as
possible, until liberated hy the action of the atmosphere. 1
am inclined to think 'Ws method would save the expense
of farm-yard manure, which many experienced farmers find
advantageous to apply, with the bones, to cherish the plant
in its first stages, until the decomposition of the bone com-
mences. Where the turnip shall be fed off with sheep,
if 30w0
übludsshaeyl !too
bushelsf bone o
of
manurethe c havempos
compost
been
equalthe
would recommend a saving of five to ten bushels to the acre ;
for instance,
quantitynu used,
onel
would cost, at 2s. 6d. per bushel, 'l5-
parts. I S., with
very little additional trouble; the other 50s. ; this
necessary
dsabrye
a saving of =mss. per acre, which is equal to the fent of many
light lands where bone manure is used. It may be e
to add, that ground bones, whether wet or dry, are constantly
giving out less or more gases ; consequently, the earlier in
the season the compost is made, the more beneficial the re.
suit.