The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1849-03-13 00:00:00

A DISCOVERY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE.

The Morning Chronicle, under the management of the
juvenile members of the Peel-Whig party, has stepped out
amazingly as a philosopher, and made some discoveries
which, but for such acumen having been employed upon
them might have remained hidden for centuries. The fol-
lowing is his latest ; and is promulgated apparently to
soothe the exasperation and anxieties of the agriculturists.
" Nothing," says the Chronicle, can be clearer than this-.
that the farmer cannot, in the end, by any possibility, be a loser
by free trade, so long as any portion of the produce, to the
of one sixpence, finds its way intone pockets of the landlord.
The fo-incri profits are part of the expences of cultivation,
must be paid in the first place, before rent can arise:
The loss accruing from a fall, if any fall should ultimately take
-lace, in the value of agricultural produce, must come out of
"^-ds' surplus not out of the farmers' profits. All this
the !snow..
is as plain as tha, two and two make four; and nobody knows
it better than the farmer themselves,"
Happy Bucolics " ! Oh "iothiriall nimiftin ! You
are all right. You cannot possibly be losers by free trade,
so long as you pay even a sixpenny instalment for rent;
and until your profits are paid—and by " profits " we un-
derstand the keep of yourselves and families in your usual
comfort—no "rent can arise." Happy farmers! If wheat
falls in price, " the loss must come out of the landlord's
surplus "—his rent—" not out of the farmer's profits."
All this, we are assured, is as plain as that two and two
make four, and nobody knows it better than you know it
yourselves.
We can imagine our philosopher, some time before next
rent day, blandly instlling his consoling doctrine of rent
into the ears of some puzzled tiller of the soil. "Your
profits, John, have not been paid this year; so no rent
can have arisen." John elevates his eyebrows, as he re-
minds his preceptor in economical science, that the
steward is to arrive next day. The philosopher urges
that as John's wheat has not brought a paying price, the
loss must come out of the landlord's rent; and as the
terms of his lease strike his mind, and the vision of bailiffs
in possession loom upon his sight, we can see the un-
happy farmer with some difficulty denying himself the
satisfaction of kicking his tormentor into the street. Yet
by such melancholy specimens of philosophy run mad—by
such politico-economical foplings as the propounder of the
above shallow rubbish—is the mind of Great Britain at
present held in fetters ! Of such stuff are our leaders and
our embryo statesmen fashioned.

PRICES OF BREADSTUFFS ON THE CONTINENT

AND IN AMERICA

Prices on the Continent have undergone little altera-
tion : in the Baltic business is dull, and buyers have per-
haps a slight advantage over our last quotations; in Bel-
gium the former rates are well supported, and in France
we observe no difference.

In Odessa a considerable business in Wheat had been
transacted during January, chiefly for account of Greek
houses here, at prices varying from 27/ @ 34/, f.o.b. ; but
tby the last accounts the trade was again dull, and prices
'

1/ ® qr. lower; freights 7/ gB/ eip- qr.. At Galati
Wheat has also been in demand, both for the Mediterra-
nean and the United Kingdom, at 20/ @ 22/ f.o.b. ; seve-
ral contracts had been made for Maize at 15/3 v.v. f.0.b.,
and Ibraila for May delivery at 11/9 @ 12/11- qr. The
stocks consisted of 80,000 qrs. soft Wheat and 40,000 qrs.
Maize; the crops of 1848 were reported to have been,
abundant in Moldavia and Wallachia, and the prohibi-
tion of export from Ibraila had been positively withdrawn.

New York letters of the 20th ult. advise a'rise of about
6d. I?, brl. in Flour during the preceding fortnight, and
shipments to the United Kingdom had ceased. The win-
ter was very severe.

New Orleans, 10th February. The sales of Flour had.
amounted to 20,000 brls. only, during the fortnight ; and
notwithstanding a very small stock, prices had fallen to
23/10 @ 24/3 brl., including freight to the United
Kingdom. Wheat 40/8 @ 42/6 qr., freight included ;
but a further decline was anticipated. The sales of In-
dian Corn amounted to about 30,000 qrs., at 25/ @ 26/2
I¢6 4801 b, freight included.
The following are the official returns of the crops in the
United States for the year 1848 compared with 1847, the
population in the former year being returned at 21,686,600,
against 20,746,400 in the latter :

Wheat.
Barley
Oats..

1848. 1847.
136,364,000 114,245,500 bushels
6,222,050 5,649,950
185,500,000 167,867,000
588,150,000 539,350,000 .
32,952,000 29,222,700 .

Maize
Rye ..

Di•r)trirt

All the mills in Blackburn, with four inconsiderable
exceptions, have adopted the limitation of work to ten
hours a-day.
The Blackburn Standard announces that a case of
cholera has just occurred in that town, the features of
which, on the authority of three medical gentlemen, have
presented all the decided symptoms of the Asiatic type.
Mr. Peacock, secretary of the Gentlemen's Glee Club,
Manchester, has taken Exeter Hall, London, for the pur-
pose of giving six concerts, at which Jenny Lind will sing.
During the series, Elijah and The Creation will be per-
formed ; also selections from Fidelio and Oberon. Mr.
Benedict will be the conductor.

A most diabolical act of incendiarism was committed
on Tuesday on the farm of Mr. Charles Gorst, of Sea-
land, near Chester. An alarm was given, but before
assistance could be rendered three sacks of wheat were
destroyed. A man was caught running from the fire, who
is supposed to be the guilty party. _ _ _

DREADFUL COLLIERY EXPLOSION.—On Tuesday
morning an explosion of fire damp took place in one of
the collieries situated between Wigan and Hindley, by
which eleven parties were instantly killed, and three so
seriously hurt that one has since died. This man lost
three sons by the explosion. The accident was caused by
one of the workmen going with a naked candle into the
works.

A NEW DRESS FOR SHOP LIFTING.—On Tuesday, at
Manchester, an ill-favoured young man, named James
Clarke, was committed on a charge of having stolen seve-
ral pairs of blucher boots from the shop of Mr. Wittam,
boot and shoe manufacturer, of Deansgate. After his
capture, it was ascertained that, for the purpose of render-
ing him fleet of foot, and also that his footsteps might not
be heard, he wore a pair of India rubber goloshes in place

of shoes !

V
. --- .
PARTY WARFARE AT STOCKPORT.-Mr. George Wil-
kinson, cotton manufacturer, was called last week to the
aldermanic bench, in the place of Alderman Hollins, who
for the last two years has resided near Preston. Mr. Wil-
kinson being a Conservative, was, on Saturday, served
with a quo warranto by the Whig-Radical party, who
have been deprived of municipal power. Since November
last, three writs have been issued against members of the
Conservative party by their opponents.

THE IRISH RATE IN AID BILL.—The debate on this
bill was brought to a close on Tuesday in the House of
Commons, particulars of which will be found in our par-
liamentary summary. The following members connected
with this county were present, and voted as follows :

For the Rate-14

R. B. Armstrong, Lancaster, A. Henry, South Lancashire
Sir T. B. Birch, Liverpool, C. Hindley, Ashton,
J. Bright, Manchester, Hon. Col. Lindsay, Wigan,
J. Brotherton, Salford, J. Pilkington, Blackburn,
W. Brown, South Lancashire, R. Thicknesse, Wigan,
W. J. Fox, Oldham, M. Wilson, Clitheroe,
C. P. Grenfell, Preston, Sir J. Walmsley, Bolton.

Against the Rate—W. S. Crawford, Rochdale

Absent

S. Blair,

Bolton

E. Cardwell, Liverpool
J. Duncuft, Oldham,

J. Heywood, N. Lancashire,
J. Hornby, Blackburn,
J. W. Patten, N. Lancashire
Sir G. Strickland, Preston,
R. Walker, Bury.

T. M. Gibson, Manchester

G. Greenall, Warrington,
T. Greene, Lancaster,

At a recent meeting of the Manchester Society for the
better observance of the Lord's-day, the Bishop of Man-
chester said :—" It was his fortune, some years back, to
spend a few months in one of the wildest parts of Scot-
land. He was then deeply struck with all he beheld of
the decency, the regularity, and the piety of the people.
He should never forget the observance of their simple
Sabbath; he should never forget the piety and atten-
tion with which their services were conducted. He
visited that locality a few years after and he found the
change most complete, as it was most melancholy.
Habits of intoxication, of looseness, of carelessness, and
of irreligion, were visible en every side. When he called
upon one of old inhabitants, and expressed his sorrow
at what he saw, he was told that it was owing to inter-
course with a neighbouring town which bad led to the
desecration of the Sabbath. He again visited that place
some few years after this, and then he found that what
had begun had fearfully progressed. Crime, compara-
tively unknown before, had increased with rapid strides,—
disgrace, the loss of female virtue and of men's respecta-
bility had followed,—all, he verily and truly believed,
because they had begun by desecrating the Sabbath."

CORRESPONDENCE.

TIIE MEETING IN ST. NICHOLAS' CHURCH.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD

SIR,—A meeting is announced to be held in St. Nicho-
las' Church, on Tuesday next (the day of your publica-
tion), to receive the report of " the equitable:rating com-
mittee." As an English Churchman and a native of Li-
verpool, I protest, in the first place, against the sacred
house of God being desecrated by a discussion on taxa-
tion (oh ! how the mind shudders to contemplate such a
revolting spectacle !) ; and in the second place, I protest
against such an enormity being perpetrated in this reli-
gious country," more especially in this my native town !
I know not, sir, upon what authority such a meeting is
convened, at such a place, but I presume the law em-
powers it ; if it be so, I must confess that it argues little
in favour of the consistency and churchmanship of those
who avail themselves of the power of such a most injudi-
cious law. If this act (whatever it may be) precludes the
possibility of an authorised meeting being held elsewhere,
they might at least prove their reverence for the place by
submitting to the alternative of calling a meeting for such
a purpose, on their individual responsibility, in some more
congenial place ; and if I am told that cannot be done
(which may be said, though I cannot see the justice of
such a rejoinder), then I would without hesitation say, go
for the repeal of such an unrighteous act immediately,
and, in the meantime, avoid exercising those powers it
gives—powers which were never equalled even in pagan
Rome, or in the darkest places of heathen cruelty, super-
stition and barbarity.--I am, sir, &c.,
_ A CHURCHMAN.

March 9th, 1849.

v POOJ
STA N1)/1 fiL

1:k
t-

HIBERNIA (new ship),C.H.SALTER 900 tons
WILLIAM PENN, A. MICHAEL
HELEN M‘GAw, J. T. TUCKER
KALAMAZOO, G. FAULK

NEW LINE OF
PACKETS FOR PHILADELPHIA,

To sail on the

26th of every Month

26th March
26th April.
600 tons.. 26th May.
800 tons.. 26th June.

The above Ships are built of the best materials, and are com-
manded by able and experienced navigators, and due regard
has been paid to select models for speed, with comfort for
passengers._

These Packets take

Lge of the steam tow-boats on the

Delawan
For terms of freight or cabin passage apply to
RICHARDSON BROTHERS and Co., or to
JOHN TAYLOR COOK.
Freight by these vessels will be collected at the rate of four
dollars eighty cents to the pound sterling.

et%
SARANAK, T. Juttus
SUSQUEHANNA, T. DuNi.Evir
TUSCARORA, E. TURLEY
WYOMING, J. W. MzEttcKEN.

REDUCTION IN THE RATES OF FREIGHT.
PHILADELPHIA LINE OF PACKETS

Sailing on the

of every Month

1000 tons.. 12th April,
600 tons.. 12th May,
.1250 tons.. 12th June
,1100 tons.. 12th July

Goods by these Packets hitherto paying
355. will now be charged 30s. per tor
365, do. do. 255. ~

do. 15s.

Other Goods according to

These vesscls are all of the fist class, built expressly for thin
line, and combine every quality to render them safe and expe-
ditious conveyance 'for goods, and they are furnished with
spacious and elegant accommodations for passengers. The rate
of Passage in the Cabin is fixed at TWENTY POUNDS, pas-
sengers finding their own wines and liquors. These Packets
will take advantage of the steam tow-boats on the Delaware.
To insure punctuality in sailing, no Goods can be received
after the 10th of each month.—For terms of freight or cabin
passsage apply to BROWN, SHIPLEY, and Co.
Freight by these vessels will be collected at the rate of four
dollars eighty rer is to the pound sterling.

REDUCTION IN THE RATES OF FREIGHT

t!' LINE OF PACKETS
For NEW YORK,
-.4111" , SAILING ON THE
ELEVENTH OF EVERY MONTH

T. SHIPLEY

1054 tons llth April

700
700
800
1151
836
807

Succeeding
Packets.