The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-04-12 00:00:00

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THE LI V ERPOOL SrfAiN DAR I).
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"1.7110117 X61111M.111•16.G1, 14,14,44.1.41........................„....,1.,..... 'UV -....1L- • -
ACCOUNT OF SALES AND 1----114PORTS(;=C:0:11:71th(T:siN7.:57e:_al
_ - - --- -- -- --- ------- - -•----- •A PR 1 L 12, -1836,
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ire Ta.,
i1i1130115.
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the facts they prove ? Let me take Margaret Collins ;-who is the market or in the street between those parties, nothing STEAM NAVIGATION. asked Why capital embarked in promoting intercourse by water
she?. The wife of aperson whom she calls an engineer;' her- approaching to critninality ever had existed for one mo- ;
- should be denied parliamentary protection while, it is afforded
self an ignorant, tinedutated, unchaste Irishwoman-a person meat between them. Gentlemen, in .addition to that my i
Without considering th—e opposition between the Irish- to that.which
.1)1.01110'es it by land ? I leave it to the candour of —,.....ro_____
'D ES C,RI PTT ON S . TriZiii:7E-TS. ilis
who is dismissed the service of Mrs. Yeoman for being great ftiend,put in two letters, the object of which evidence' I really I v
and Scotch companies, we think the question of how far itaheexhio,lni;inrneintier who has taken so active a part in this matter A FRIG-4.. ~
Eliza. Trealeven, fm Sierra Leone, with 420 lgs timber, 1 bx pre-
with child. Bear that in mind, (Yentlettten; that is the person hardly. understand. My friend, for no purpose, imputed to
why capital employed in improving intercourse from
2,;0 ! etaainlseldanudiUtteaor.g..i
..
.........
..
.39077,0) 12200 2,3
scuts, Ordcr-B Dk - . -
Ida Wylie, fm Africa, with 1320 cks palm oi ,3 t cast copper ntd, .
______L.
upon wbosetestiinony this cause depends. IS she a person upon Mrs: Yeoman, that within three short months after the marri- : parliamentary protection should he afforded to capitalists London to Liverpool, or BriStol;hy steam carriages or waggons, ,
4Upialii,a).rtaticln', D, ' lt' t.01......n).....J..
.................................................... W.'2BlB.47l,.othi:i.''lo)l4fdi
ill: minl'oe7i'ell:ireW. r co., upTr
vs .s 1 y .
whose testimony you can nepend ? I put this independently of age itself waschnund-after her vows had been pledged at the improving intercourse by Water, to the extent in which shall receive parliaineatiiry eneouracrement while that which
the fact she deposes to-of the fact in question. I admit her altar-that within three short mouths she had given •herself up it is given to those who do theland, is one of continues that iaentical intercourse by steam ships on to Dub- C Hu;sfall and T Tobin 'G Dk •
EAST INDIES. CAPE OF GOOD •ifOl'E, .&c.
coolness, herdexterity in the witness box; but I put
.it to you,
.to. an abandoned and profligate course of life. Accord;ng to
c„, , . ' . . same. °II
seated
or Cork shall he denied it ? Why Shall the one be r. epre-
CY
,reat interest and even of national importance. eein,
. S
Lawrence, ----, fm Calcutta, with 1100 bgs sugar,,so blsjute,
if this ignorant, uneducated, this unchaste person is one on min, her affections were withdrawn from her legitimate bus- great
as romotin+• the in tet•ests of trade, and the other as inju- llcot4tonbißebinson and Oiryin-42 Ms jsite, 22 hxs lac dye, 4 chts -12 .
-----•—•
whose testimony you could safely act. But let us examine
Al
band and conferred upon her paramour; and yet .he brings be- the large amount of capital about to be embarked in rious to itand unjust in'principle ? Both are directed to the`same shellac,i..sco iitl
3os sound =7),01d00).3g; ilig;lipla lfrls. r4.:ttiliii•s., ,r6.!lipstrid
evidence she gives. She tells you " I took two notes to
it /1.• fore you two letters to prove, that at that time she expressed her both, .iind with the view of promoting inquiry, we here encl,'carried on by' the same cornmercial,means, productive of the 3
lin. scoed, W STaneCi'anece"'73sllbarrns linrs
e =vow Orleans lO -12 i 11812 • 9803. i
90890 , 7450 i 9 - 121 ,• ,•••:.
Ashburner; I took a•note to bins on SaturdaY, and the follow- ordinary affection towards him. What was the meaning of insert the "Reasons" which have been given bit Mr. saMe reSults, req-uiritio• the same joint efforts and jpint capital, an.r.fcci-40gbls hides 1921 bgs' Perna risim'eo ' - '
•
ing.culy mt. Ashburner „tied in cmisequence of that note. = I :those lettei-s? Ttioy. were only leg,itimate evidence to prove her '
eof an ilpartialleoislature, entitled to the. same seed, II and J Ilornby and co-150 bales•cottoir', M'Orse. kan ana eo-.: Aricati and Ceara.. : :,1, 21500 ...SAO 13 lg. 1055.5
,
should not he surprised it. he did. it is very likely that she cond:ict; and what disprove ?-that in February, three ►nonths f ,
own '
Withal-118.6n tlie.general queSt.ion,-leavink the public to and, in the ei
-8 chts indigo, Ballia'andMitt;aio..,..-.': 15490 1060 101 - --4:
. 8073
rm. their
0,
Or bx coats uulto, Acraman and Stitt-B Dir . Maraithain
` 13 .- J.
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took that note, and that he carded in consequence;-but h.efore she 114 committed adultery ? Such gentlemen, are the t? 1 favourable and fosterimf protectou, Both are the direct Means . 188 188b••ssalc saltpetre. 1 ppe wine, 1.17 M Duncan and son
r promoting- trade iatthers rather than as trading themseves.'
J 21.rtbmai.ren a
under what circumstances did he call? it appears that cfrcumstances-,the.only surrounding circumstances from begin- lias made out his case:—
, - ~
Order-'(fm. WEST INDIES AND - /111DF/ /IA• . , Para
s„„,ginned
....
...
.....
.1 15460 800 Ili
..... 12 3 4288' 7253
Both tend to improve and extend commercial intercourse
'6O '' • 0 :-. 0 -
he was a wine merchant in the habit of supplying wine fling to cud, that tend in an degree to throw a light upon the The City of Dublin Steam Packet Companyhave now a bill ainoncr all ranks and in all directions. An intercourse whiCh, . Andromeda Thomas, fin Jamaica, •with (-fin J'amaie•a)-30 t logwOrd ' Peruviao• •
atilSaetion broughtfor your consideration. And now, gentlemen, before: parliament, uraying to be allowed to raise 'an-acing its growiiiir with its 'own growth is Of the very essence and vitalitYlll'obile) 264 bales cotton, J Ridgway. & co-356 do, OrdCr I Demerara aid Derbies, 110, 90 14 -0 : . . 16.1
to the plaintiff. It appears that. on the Sunday
.when he i
-27 do, T and ID Thornelv-100 do, Sands, flodgson and co-83 do, I •Bm•hados, .
called Mr. and Airs. Yeoman were employed in peck- the case is ripe for youriudginent• The facts as deposed to as such own proprietors, the further' capital necessary for building such Of all joininercial . inCreae. ' And What is the immediate busf-
ing ,ome wine.
Where ?In the cellar, !s it imProba7 elle said to have happened at times and at places when no other Additional Stearn Vessels as are required for supplvin~► that in nth if' both ? The facilitating the conveyance's of public mails Wailiwright ainySlyeils-P bk ,
~
Nlabeltsh, M Donald, bl`lSonald,.fm fm Demerara, wsth 20 hilS sugar, D Nyillink., La Guayri
. . C mimen Westindia....
41,41;0300 25600'
itooll
_____-- 1.! 1561 938
ble.that Ise should have that note on that subject and that he person was present who could be called to prove their false- crease of business and general intercourse, which tney them- and deg atches ili)assern: •-, at-d
nierchandize• in a word, both
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should main consequence, and that. Mrs.• Yeoman should leave hdod.. Therefore it is on your judginen'..---on your discrimina- selves were mainly instrumental in creating.; and also, for an prwootipipr trade p 7iewitsiiii,'interCourse ihese are, in fact, irladst
do, 15
ldsoll/ raiekonudsbeaachn4 Tsionntie,and_
20 (IC; 20 hdpsussuTanir' . 140 2.10 8i _, 9 930
her, husband busied in his occupation, and that she should go tion--,on your jndgMent in this case that you must pronounce incur gratin clause, under peculiar circumstances, which will convertible terms : •i,-.et parliament
is called on to uphold the Mackay-37 tea 9ilids sugar,.24 hits 117 pas 8 !iris rtim. 69 cks inol'as- Ezl•-sptiaan . •.....:
into a
.fri,nt room an I sit there twenty nimutes with a visitor? your verdict. And, gentlemen. I, do entreat you. to pause and be referred tro he leading feature of their proposed one arid depress tt're.o-ther.* m sea, Mu o and e hides, Sir J Tobi O-95 Ms 1 bid sugar, brl 30 bags Surat arid Ma-d-r•a•s - ...
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El• Brown, fm Demerara with 56 cks molasses 28 hds sn- Per publ' sale th'• ••• • -
coffee, 25 pns 34 hds 28 bits rum, Order Dk . . Bengal . .... -.r• -,0,0 9160 51 - 9 2120 /6645
99.74
,---7----102171
But suppose that that note was. making' an assignation for a weigh deliberately; be not offended at that request; Ido not bill being the increase of capital. • '
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5340 930 51 -6# 2090 5363
and that that assignation should be kept at the doubt it will be given- Bitt I cannot. but feel that the impor- : flad this coMpany not been carried on under an act of par= * Mr. Thomas Grahame who has already so succgssfully_di-
, gar, 30
les rum 59. ps timbei,•l2o copper
_Tiece -G.13 ker d ~Per
I la 'de 19
da:v' __,
guilty purp ise,
•
op a Sunday at lii.44da), when he is not ern- tance that you will bestow your
.anxious consideration on it. lira recut it might, •like other steam companies, have raised reeled public, attention to the subject of rocomotion in all . its co-70 bales cotton .35'hds•stigar •~ bgs coeffeeerN Waterhouse & bons • Sta' 9 InDiit.o 1 -
plaintiff's house,
ployed on his business, or . taking his usual napo rather I De not send Mr. Ashburner home to tell his lovely confidiog further caPitai tO any extent which its shareholdere, or 'the bearings has put this in A clear point of view. In a'recent -18 pns rum, }twirl W Davelip'o'rtB hds coffee,
Wilson and Cort- Maannrllia &e - • •••• • ' ' ' -
say-snoring away his evening in a drawing room-but at two wife that, although she may still. be bound to obey no longer phblic, alight be disposed -to contribute • and might Carry on publication -he observes --" There. are at 'present no fewer than 33 do, 75 hds 24- pris 15 brls rum, T and II Murray,ay-Q Dl:
Amethyst, Taylor, fm Trinidad, with 233 Ws 40 tcs 110 brls sugar, -....._ -......____ _-------........-.
o'clock in the day ! But You must suPpose that Mr. Ashburner, can she love. and honour thin-ill:it she may be 'deprived for any trade, or follow any calliug, with a view to 'profit for their five joint steam naVigation companieS who seek to he ieurno-
, 364116 20430 29022 256186
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an the invitation of the wife, Caine to commit adultry with her ever• of the sweet thought of a faithful husband and protector- ex-elusive benefit.
55 pns 2 hits molasses Ibx cocoa paste, W Carlisle--40 times cocoa, 1
bx rod goods,' 11 Cum' minr.,-7 tuks retd
.goods, W Wood'and co-5
rated by parliament as Carriers of gOods and pirssengers between
at mid-clay, and in the front room of the house l Good God, that, when she fancied such a person was returning to he; arms To retain this freedom from restraint, indeed, is the real him- YariouS partS Of Great Britain. 'l'lie applications of thiise par-
,
is this evidence on which his family is to be piungedin wretched- at' night, she was receiving a traitor and a hypocrite with the tiye which indirCes many companieS to decline what is called, ties are I- -'•d' th ' dofthe '- 1 'of '' • •
....oppost on e c"roun
ness ! Butt what next? It is said Mr. Yeoman was from home. I kissers of an adultress still warm upon his lips. the• 'protection •of an act of ~,,-1;nn,..... ..... .1.,... ...,...ta .t___
. ,
and-that Mr.: Ashburner called; but at what time of day ?He I Mr_ e.r.....11 2......,.,..1 1.;.. -• I, •, • ' .Si :le; :Thii.:

the market or in the street between those parties, nothing
approaching to criminality ever had existed for one mo- - a •
ment between them. Gentlemen, in .addition to that my i Without considering the opposition between the Irish
friend,put in two letters, the object of which evidence' I really
and Scotch companies, we think the question of how far
hardly understand. My friend, for no purpose, imputed to
Mrs. 'Yeoman, that within three short months after the niarri- parliamentary protection should he afforded to capitalists
age itself was bound—after her vows had been pledged at the improving intercourse. by Water, to the extent in which
altar—that within three short months she had given •herself up it is given to those who do the same on land, is one of
to an abandoned and profligate course of life. Accord;ng to •
him, her affections were withdrawn from her legitimate bus- great interest and even of national importance.. •
Seeing
band and conferred upon•her paramour; and yet be brings be- the large amount of capital about to be embarked in
fore you two letters to prove, that at that time sheexpressed her both, 'and with the view of promoting inquiry, we here
ordinary affection towards him. What was the meaning of insert the "Reasons" which have been given by Mr.
letters?. They, were only legitimate evidence to prove her W illiarns•on the• general quekion, leavi thos
' ng the public to
aaindict; and what disprove?—that in February, three months before, she'had committed adultery? Such, gentlemen, are the .form their own estimate of their worth. To our view he
circumstances-the.inly surrounding circumstances, from begin- has made out his case:-
fling to Mid, that tend in any degree to throw a light upon the The City of Dublin Steam Packet Company 'have now a bill
transactien brought for your consideration. And now, gentlemen, before
parliament, :praying to be allowed to raise, 'among its'
the case is ripe for yourjudginent. The facts as deposed to as such own proprietors, the further capital necessary for building such
ale said to have happened at times and at places when no other additional Steam Vessels'as are required for supplying that in
person was present who could be called to prove their false- crease of business, and general intercourse, which tney them
hood.. Therefore it is on your judgment—on your discrimina- selves were mainly instrumental in creating.; and also, for an
tion--,on your jndginent in this case that you must pronounce incorporating clause, under peculiar circumstances, which will
your verdict. And, gentlemen, ado entreat you to pause and be referred to hereafter—the leading feature of their proposed
weigh deliberately; be not offended at that request; Ido not bill being the increase of capital. - • •
doubt it will be given.. But I cannot. but feel that the irapor- ' Had this catripatiy not been carried on under an act of par-
tance that you will bestow your anxious consideration on it. lihrrient it might, like other steam companies, have raised
Do not send Mr. Ashburner home to tell his lovely confiding further capital to any extent which its shareholdere, or 'the
wife that, although she may still,be bound to obey, no longer public, might be disposed to contribute; and might carry on
can she love. and honour ,iiim—that she may be deprived for any trade, or follow any calling, with a view to 'profit for their
ever of the sweet thought of a faithful husband and protector-- exclusive benefit.
that when she fancied such a person was returning to he; arms To retain this freedom from restraint, indeed, is the real Mo-
at' night, she was receiving a traitor and a hypocrite with the tive which induces many companies to decline what is called,
kissess of an adultress still warm upon his lips. tae protectien •of an act, of parliament, 'as they Would then,
Mr. Cresswell resumed his seat after this eloquent appeal necessarily be liable to certain restrictions and: limitations,
amidst a murmur of approbation and a strong feeling created in which, in their opinion, would be more onerous and inethive-
favour of his client., nieht than could be compensated by the limitation of liability.
The,Learned.JUDGE immediately summed np with greater- which an act would confer. •
spicuity and eloquence, commenting on the evidence the Among the restrictions which an act necessarily involves, in
various witnesses. He highly and deservedly complimented return for the limitation 'of liability to its shareholders are:—
Mt. Cresswell on his eloquent appeal, and directed the atten- First. That the company have precised oWers. S'e-
tion of the jury
.strongly to the , tact
.that the evidence against cortrily. That they be prohibited from) y beingdefine " gepneral Men-
the defendant depended almost entirely on the evidence of chants or Dealers."' Thirdly. That they annually set apart a
Margaret taatAlfal who, from her loss of character and her certaireportion of their profits, and vest the same in goeernment
breach of hei(inistresses confidence, was not a witness. on whom securities, as a fund to answer extraordinary centingeneies.—
mach reliance 'abuts( placed,—We regret tbat the great Fourthly.. That they conform to certain conditions as to gene-
length to which our report has run compels us to omit his lord- ral meetings, and .what are called parliamentary clauses.—
ship's addresi:
.1-!'ilthly. 'That there be greater publicity as to their accounts,
The Jury expressed a wish to retire, and in about ten with a statement of debt% credits and assets, and which joint
nutes returned with a verdict for the defendant. stock companies often find it inconvenient to make to their pro-
MONDAY. " prietors ; and Sixthly, that they are restricted from increasing
RING AND t'ICKAIR:S V NORTON AND ANOTIIRR. ItleireapllalS without reference again to parliament.
• Mr. Blackburne appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. Cresswell for , On the whole, then, the freedom from those restraints and
the defendant. •
The plaintiffs are sugar-boilers in Liverpool, and the defendants are parliamentary restrictions is not generally considered as com-
hoileranakers in the same place, (having • another establishment in pensated by the liability of shareh liters being limited to the
London.) In January last, the defendantsaegreed to make the boiler amount of their respective subscriptions, and which, in truth,
of a steam-engine for the plaintiffs' use as sugar bailers, and shortly and in practice, is
merely nominal; seeing.that it could only
afterwards, when the boiler had bm.o put into use, it burst, amid by so. apply after the almost impossible contingency of the entire pro-
doing three lives were lost, and other damage of a serious nature done perty and capital of the coin in being lost,. and which con-
to the suear mills and the adjacent buildings: This action was therefore tineency is necessarily the more remote, the larger the capital
brought to recover an adequate sum of money to cover the injury so -
company is. .
-of the
sustained.
The jury returned a verdict for the defendants. - Under these circumstances, it becomes a consideration of
BOND z GUN TER. importanee, in' a public poitit of view, whether parliament
aathia was an action brought by the plaintiff, who has the take of a should allow Joint Stock Companies to enjoy this unlimited
stone-quarry, at Highton, near Warrington, against the defendant, poicer of raisins capital to any 'extent ; and be thus wholly free,
who also rents a quarry at the same place, for a trespass, and for as to their pow of trading with such unrestricted capital—and
taking away a stone-carriage from the yard of the plaintiff, and thereby whether it is not more reatitic, and affording better protection
putting him to considerable inconvenience in the conduct of his busi-
ness. A number of witnesses were called for both parties, and the to ,the public, that all such companies, subscribing capital be-
jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff—damages one.farthing. yond ,a,a4aartain amount, say 1:100,010, should be necessarily
Lord DENAIAN said, this was one of the most trtunpery cases ever broughatander the wholesome limitations and control of an act
brought under his notice.
. .of parliaMent.
Nothing, however; can be more absurd, or a more palpable
attempt to impose upon parliament, than for• a few companies,
who have this unlimited power of borrowing or raising, what
joint capital they please—who in effect exercise this power—
and are enabled to heroine " General Merchants and Traders,"
and in many instances are so, should raise a pretended cry of
danger to the community, against those companies which are
restricted by parliament, both as to capital and powers, while
the real though concealed object, is to limit and cripple com-
petition, and prevent their rivals from raising the necessary
capital among themselves, to, supply their own wants.
• It is, indeed, well knowt and avowed, that the leading par-
ties opposing the Dublin company's bill, were desirous of ob-
taining the contract for the carriage of the mails betweeu .Li-
verpool and Dublin, and it would, therefore, be important. to
them, that the Dublin Steam Company be crippled, and thus
'deprived the opportunity of increasing their capital, or building
the necessary steam vessels, to enable them to be competitors
for the mail contracts.
The Dublin company commenced in 1823, under an act of
the Irish legislature, the 21st and 22d Geo. 111., called the
"Anonymous Partnership Act." They were the first which
ventured on the hazardous experiment of applying steam navi-
gation in promoting a trading intercourse across the channel.
Outgrowing; by the encouragement they received, and through
the liberal system of their management, the protection of the
Irish act. they applied to the imperial parliament and the board
of trade, and, with their sanction, have, since 1828, been regu-
lated under the provisions of two acts of parliament, the 9th
Geo. 111., chap. 66, and the 3d and 4th William IV., chap. 115.
In addition to their successful applicatioh of steam power to the
purposes of the channel trade they introduced steam navigation '
on the river Shannon: and part- of the additional capital about
to be raised, is to enable the company to give increased effect
to the navigation of that river, of 230 miles continuous naviga-
tion, when the commissioners under the act of last session, shall
have effected this great object. When also it is considered that
the increase of inland navigation requires a corresponding in-
crease of channel.steamers, the necessity for additional: capital
becomes self-evident. In proof of which, a mere reference to
the incrsease.of inland intercourse, arising out of the company's
proOeedings or, the Shannon, is sufficient. •
By this It appears, that the tonnage conveyed to and from
the interior of Ireland, to Dublin, by this company, has in-
creased from 6000 tons to 50,000; and further, that the amount
of tolls paid by the Dublin company's boats, on the Grand Ca-
pseeer kafnonr u
additional
capital Ca-
nal, (a portion of that inland navigation,) has increased, in the
It is
ishaemneperiod,
unreasonablefrolri LthlastoOtiutso
caobzpvaen
yn.soho"uld
capital to.build steam vessels, for the purpose. of carrying this
additional tonnage, and follow up the business thus created by
their own exertions. Yet this is opposed by the Clyde steam
'companies, who are straining every nerve to get petitions from
others, and it is here asserted that the entire opposition to the
bill has been carried on at the expense, and at the sole instiga-
tion, of one company on the Clyde.
The agent for this Compauy, Mr. Martin, influenced, no '
doubt, bi-, purely patriotic and disinterested views, lately called
a meeting, by public advertisement, and under the attractive
heading of "Steam Packet Monopoly Bills," ,he brought two
members of parliament, to second his disiplerested views; a
preliminary meeting had taken place; patriotic resolutions
were piepared; the City of London Tavern was the stage on
which this farce was to be actad—a sensation was expected.
Much public spirit and determination to resist monopoly was,
however, unfortunately wasted, for, amended resolutions hav-
ing been proposed,. and the house having divided, only eleven
persons in the whole city of London could be found to pet
down the " monopolizing' Dublin Company. Mr. Martin, in
his several capacities, as agent for the Clyde Steam Company,
main opposer of the bill,- and chairman of the meeting, de-
termined to carry the ridiculous still further, he majestically
walked out. of the room with his followers, leaving eighteen
behind, to pass the amended resolutions, while he and his ten
supportersunanimously passed their own;in an adjoining room.
It is hoped members of parliament will duly appreciate the mo-
tives of this disinterested junto.
The bill, (as altered by,the Board' of Trade,) which this com-
pany have nowbefore,parliament, the sole object of which as
regards the company is to increase their capital, having been
epposed, it is for the purpose of considering the grounds of this
opposition, and the mistaken policy on which it proceeds, that
the following observations are submitted :
In thane, I undertake to prove—First that if there be any
one object more especially entitled to the favourable considera-
tion of parliament, it is the promotion, extension, and perfection,
of steam navigation; and Secondly, that the most direct and
certain mode of accomplishing that object is by giving encotna
agernent to joint stock companies and capitalists in the way
now sought ; embarking their money, and directing theirener-
gies, towards its accomplishment: and that such is wholly in-
compatible with individual exertion, and can alone be accom-
plished by joint stock capital, in the way in which canals, or
rail roads are effected
Hitherto steam navigation has teen chiefly confined to river
or short sea voyages. it is only within the last few years that it
has been enabled, to undertake a more adventurous
.and dis-
tant range of intercourse.
The improvement of steam navigation is of too great magni-
tude, and requirea too vast a combination of talent, time, and
capital, ever to be satisfactorily accomplished by the qperations
of indiviJuals. It is admitted to be yet but in its intancy,Whila,
perfection can only be obtained by the united capital and com-
bined efoi•ts of the community at large. Hitherto the amount
of capital invested in steam navigatiOn—the objects to which it
has been applied—and the circumscribed. range of its power end
itseftiiness; are all truly insignificant, compared to what, even a
few years is likely to effect. As to capital, the capability of erne
ploying it profitably is almost unlimited—its usefulness is but.
commetieurate with its range of applicetion-eand, as to its great
destinies, they are in a word the continuing and securing for,
ever that superiority, both 'commercial and naval, which has
obtained for Gteat Britain the first rank among
thenations of
the world:
It might be wise policy in other Europeen states, were it po4-
sible, to discourage the progress of steam. navigation. Great
Britain, on the contrary, is interested in its extension. Nature
has bountifully ferniehed her with that element by which it ex-
ists,
,namely, an inexhatistible supply of fuel; while the talent;
industry, and ingenuity of her population. laas„ as it were,, sup-
pl?ed a second nature, in ,perfecting that unrivalled maehinery
by which this stupendans power is brought into, action, Iwit
the British legislature, therefore, shoUld be found discouraging
the application of capital in that direction, would be worse
than
folly, it would be little short of suicidal 'Madness.
At this important era, 'whenahe whole world appears in mo-
tion towards internal developfirent, and external commercial
rivalry-eif there be a question of more than ordinary, and even'
vital, interest, it is this,-a-hOw cans 'the British legislature most
effectually draw out the capital 'and skill of this great country,
in introducing and perfecting steam navigation. •
Parliament has not yet considered this subject in the enlarged
point of view which its real merits deniand. On the contrary,
indeed, it has hitherto been regarded with an unworthy and
mistaken jealousycfroin an erroneous idea 'that it might injure
our shipping interests:. Yet what is it but a branch of that ship'
ping interest itself; with this great stnieraddedadvantage, that
it is a branch in which no nation on earth can effectually rival
us, if we but do it justice ? •
Until lately steam navigation was looked on with distrust by
our naval authorities. .1-I;e7 is the cage altered?' Naval men
now regard steam power, and a suitable appliintment of steam
vessels, as a necessary appendage to a fleet, either for home or
foreign service, and the means of bringing British power and
valour into action.
The extension of steam navigation also holds out this new
peculiarity: that While in peace we.are apparently but expand-
ing the wings of' commercial enterpriseove a re'at the same time
preparing for a state of War, by supplying the 'Mist effectual and
powerful means of national defepee. ',Such , indeed, is the cha-
racter of some of the new'steam ships now buildieg for ordinary
commercial purposes, WhiCh even the present imperfect state of
steam navigation has produced, that should the necessity arise,
they may', even in a single day, beraaria'capacious transports for
troops, antis, and stores;, and if not employed as actual Men of
war,7wonld be valuable 'aids to the 'naval force of the country.—
How then can the leasistatute‘effeet this desideratum ? By eneou-
raging that union of skill, enterprise& capital in favour ofsteam
navigation, which has already done 'so much for the other great
!Works now pioceeding under the aid of joint stock capital.
in-
dividnal .capital;' separately applied, lutist ever :continue un-
equal to such great undertakihgs. 'lt is quite idle to suppose
Otherwise, and those who deceive themselves by such an illu-
sion take not' oniya too limited but very erroneous view of what
that great afflict of human ingenuity has yet to accomplish.
Its progress hitherto has been directed either by individual
capital on a limited scale, or too ofteri by ill-arranged or ille-
gally conducted • joint stock' companies; and which, without
any correct system;
,and without any limitation of capital or,
poweis, have in many instances beetme the instruments of
profit to a few, or ultimately the preito internal dissensions, or.
vexatious and ruinous litigation.
But, without going- further into that question, it may be

the facts they prove ? Let me take Margaret Collins ;—who is
she?. The wife of a person whom she calls an engineer ; ' her-
self an ignorant, uneducated, unchaste lrishwornan—a person
who is dismissed the service of Mrs. Yeoman for being great
with child. Bear that in mind, aentleinen; that is the peredn
upon whose testimony this cause depends. Is she a person upon
whose testimony you can depend ? i put this independently of
the fact she deposes to—of the fact in question. I admit her
coolness, herdexterity in the witness box; but 1 put it to you,
if this ignorant, uneducated, this unchaste person is one on
whose. testimony you could safely act. But let us examine the
evidence she gives. She tells you " I took two notes-to Mr.
.Ashburner; I took a-note to biro on Saturday, and the follow-
ing.dev Mt. Ashburner called in consequence of that note." I
should not be surprised if he did. It is very likely that she
he called in consequence ;—bet
took that nute, and that
under what. circumstances did he call ? It appears that
he was a wine merchant in the habit of supplying wine
to the plaintiff. It appears that' on the Sunday when he
called Mr. and Mrs. Yeomau were employed in peck-
ing some wine. Where ? In the cellar. it improbas
ble.that he should have that note on that subject and that he
should main coneequence, and that Mrs. Yeoman should leave
her husband busied in .his occupation, and that she should go
into a front room an I sit there twenty minutes with a visitor?
But suppose that that note was making an assignation for a
guilty purp ,se, and that that assignation should be kept at the
plaiutitf 's house, on a Sunday at inidsday, when he is not ern
ployed on his business, or taking his usual nap—or rather I
say—snoring away his evening in a drawing room—but at two
o'clock in the day ! But you must suppose that Mr. Ashburner,
an the invitation of the wife, Caine to commit adultry with her
at mid-day, and in the front room of the house! Good God,
is this evidence on which his family is to be plunged in wretched-
ness ! Bet what next? It is said Mr. Yeoman was from home,
and-that Mr. Ashburner called; but at what time of day? He
knew Mr. Yeoman and his habits, and knew, no doubt, that
his dinner hour waillehis usual time of being at home, and he
calls at that very tfillie when the dinner has been already set on
the table; and this abominable woman, Collins, would have you
believe that Mrs. Yeoman left the dinner table—that she passed
down stairs—that she remained in the back room with-the de-
fendant for I() minutes, from which she would lead you to infer
that while the dinner was cooling on the table and waiting for
hereehe was committing adultery with Mr. Ashburner below.
(Supressed murrners of apelause.) And then the bell rings,
and -she goes reeking from the arms of her paramour to sit
down to the table of her husband! What circumstance is put
in to confirm this ? The blowing out of the candle, which in
my mind confirms that it is false. They go into a back room—
they are supposed to be guilty before—would he, to excite sus-
picion, blow out the candle ? No. Was it to prevent tlfat
witness s wing any familiarities ? No; for according to her
own ace °lot she was the go-between. Why, then, you have
one of the most monstrous tales that can be devised, attended
with impossible circumstances which render it impossible to he
believed. Having seen through the state nents of these different
witnesses, it leads use to what. I also must allude to—to the
only fact in the cause from which you would be
.justified in
supposing for'one moment that there was evidence of crime
between them. And what is that? What is that? She tells
you that on a winter's night, at seven or tight o'clock, Mrs:'
Yeoman takes advantage of her husband, who; with his mother,
she left sleeping on a sofa in the drawing-room upstairs, and
came down with the key of the hack door ill her hand, and with
a silk cloak oa, and tells this woman that she expects her para-
mour, and sends tne other servant out ; and that she was so
eager that she sent her four times out, and went three times
out herself, and at last she found him, and there on a winter's
night—in a bower—with the flower pots, and the tables, and
chairs, they a-e supposed to be three quarters of an hour toge-
ther. Wha ! If he would come when the husband is at home and
awake end commit. adultry in the back parlour, would he, on a
winter's night, when the husband is asleep, upstairs, have re-
mained at that bower in the bottom of the garden ? I
take a very false measure of your judgment indeed, if
you place any confidence in that tale. What el.e is there ?
" I watched, I listened." What did she hear! Nothing.
I will answer -for it, gentlemen, if it were true that they
had been in that place, if she suspected they were com-
mitting adultery there, she would not. have been content
with healing; she would have gone nearer, and would have
seen. But she-tells you, " I staid five minutes listening." In
the rain ! on a winter's night! What then ? To induce you to
suppose that adultery had been committed, when she came in
she says,_ her dress appeared rumpled, and I think she went
into her dressing-room." How could she have seen- that her
dress was rumpled for the silk cloak which, she said, she had on?
It is by these small circumstances that you are to detect the
falsehood of that tale which is said to happen in the presence of
a single witness only. You cannot contradict it by negative
evidence when there is no one there be, whom it could be con-
tradicted; But by these small contradictions in the evidence
you are bound to conclude that what that woman says is false
rather than that the other two are abandoned. Another witness
was called, Ann Griffiths; and, gentlemen, I admit that that
young woman was of most prepossessing appearance; I agree
that her air and manner were candid. I am not prepared to ask
you to say that that girl was a willingly false witness. I admit
that her appearance and her demeanour won the r way to my'
favourable opinion. Ido not ask you to say that that girl is
willingly the witness to an untruth. What. does she prove?
She proves two circumstances that may excite suspicion of le..'
vity—want of'due caution, and want of propriety of demeanour;
but her evidence taken at the worst proves no more, and ex- -
plained, as I think they reasonably may be, proves nothing at
all. The first part of her evidence was, that, when sitting at
table together, Ann Griffiths observed Mr. Ashburner handing
a paper to Mrs. Yeoman under the table—a circumstance un-
doubtedly extraordinary, and not according to the usual course
of things. But are you to conclude from that circumstance that
a criminal intercourse existed between them? 'Who was the
person that Mrs. Yeoman employed to carry her notes? Ellen
Heyes. Is .she a willing witness for them? Yes; she is the
informer; she is the very soul and foundation of the case. If
such guilty notes passed, she must have known it; and she has
not proved it. Why, then, assume from that that guilty notes
passed,:as it; doing ahat, there was any thing criminal in it. I
can imagine a paper being handed under the table by a gentle-
men to a lady—( not very consistent with well-bred manners)-
1 can imagine something ridiculous occurring at table, and that
a pencil might be used to excite Mrs. Yeoman's laughter
against another' but I must say it is a most singular place un-
der which to take opportunity of communicating it. What is
the other? The girl says, " I saw him pinch Mrs. Yeoman's
knee." lam inclined to think that that is a creation of her
own brain. Not that she invented it with a desire to impose
on you; but observe :—Mrs. Yeoman is sating there; this gen-
tleman is sitting reading at the table" The Book of Fate ;" this
girl says, " I came in with the tea-kettle;" her mistress was
looking round at her, and she saw Mr. shburner pinch her
knee. Now, gentlemen, this girl, Ann Griffiths,- was there at
the time when Ellen Heyes was so much at the house. This
was just towards the close of the business. Ellen Heyes had been
-busy with her, along with others, and God knows what suspi-
cions might be placed in her mind! and'knowing thus much,
gentlemen, might she not fancy that some familiarity took place
which did not ? Is that a piece of evidence on which you can
say that Mr. Ashburner is a traitor to his own wife and children
and Mrs. Yeoman is an adultress. Gentlemen, I have in the
evidence of this girl further proof of what I have stated, that this
statement was not got upon the witnesses that have been called.
'Why do I say that of her ? Because my friend put these two
questions to her, e` Did you ever see Mr. Ashburner walking in
the garden ?" " Yes."—" Who was he walking with ?" Mr.
Yeoman." Do you think he expected the answer, " Mr. Yeo-
man." Do you think he took that trouble to inquire if Mr.
Yeoman was the per Son he was walking with,—to prove that ha
was walking with Mr. Yeoman ! But such was her answer.
" Do you remember ever seeing Mr. Ashburner riding past-on
horseback ?" " Yes."--" Did he call at the house afterwards ?"
" Yes."—" Who did he see ?" " Mr. Yeoman. and sat half
an hour." Was this question put, to ask if dr. Ashburner
called.to see Mr. Yeoman ? There I say we trace the finger of
Ellen Heyes. This proves nothing against them. Yet we have
the evidence of Mrs. Presson. Was she an hostile-witness, or
was she willing to give evidence to the best of her power for
them ? What was she expected to say ? " I saw her at mar-
ket, and she told me she was waiting for a lady." Why should
she communicate with Mrs. Presson ? What necessity to tell
that woman, who was there to sell a few chickens 'what she was
waiting for—to tell her her business? Oh, "because Ellen
Heves had given me a bad. character of Mrs. Yeoman and Mr.
Ashburner; I therefore watched them." Ellen Heves again.
Ellen Heyes for ever. "I watched them; I saw them go out
of the market." And what then ? " I saw no mote of them."
What was Mrs. Presson put down to prove ? "The tracing to
a brothel Saturday by Saturday—to more than one brothel in
the town." That was what Mrs. Presson could prove !' Why ?
She who first told Presson that they were guilty, told her to
watch, and yet.Presson fails to prove it. ' And what does she
say of Elleu Heyes to prove that she is a woman unworthy of
credit ? She says she is not. Then why don't they call her ?
Their own witness proves that she is respectable, but they dis-
believe Ann Presson as to that, and wont call that witness. Now
we have disposed of all the direct evidence that is supposed to
affect this, gentlemen, let us see what else there is to confirm it
—what strong circumstances lead to the door of truth to supply
the evidence of eyesight. Are there any letters ? They search
her box ; they find there a document to which I beg now to call
your attention—bearing in mind that this too was put forward
as a proof of her criminal intimacy with Mr. Ashburner—that
she had treasured in her private box a copy of verses from her
paramour. The very opening of it led me to conjecture that
which my memory did not, enable me to confirm, but which I
don't doubt will be 'the case. What.do these verses say, When
read over calmly, not by the clerk of the court amid the attend-
ant expectation and confusion ? You shall bear—
" Oh ! cast thou not
Affection from thee. In this bitter world,
Hold to thy heart that only treasure fast;'
Watch, guardet,-esuffer not a breath to dim
The bright gem."
Probably, gentlemen, the name of Felicia Hemans may be ea_
sniliar to mane of eyou—a lady who favoured- the world with
many beautiful poems—amongst others. "Songs of the Affec-
tions."' A lady who so entitled herself to the affections of all
who knew-her, that it was considered as a great honour to Sir
Robert Peel,•while he held the reins of his Majesty's govern.
ment, that, he conferred a pension upon her. Now, these lines
which are su_pposed to be evidence of a criminal connection be:
tween Wriv. 'Yeoman and Mr. Ashburner are neither more nor
less than one of the pure and delicate effusions of that lady,
published amongst the " Songs of the Affections." And I
think youiwili hardly conceive when you examine it that it is
calculated to forward such an object; but I think it will be
found as little likely to induce her for him "to cast away ;he
gem of her affections" as anything 1 ever saw in my life.
" If thou bast crushed a flower,
The root may not be blighted;
If thou bast quenched a lamp,
Once more it may be lighted:
But on thy heart, and on thy lute,
The strings which thou hest broken
Shall never in sweet sound again -
Give to thy touch a token.
If thou hest loosed-a bird,
Whose voice of song could cheer thee ;
Still, still it maybe heard,
From the skies to warble near thee:
But if, upon the troubled sea,
Thou bast thrown a gem unheeded,
Hope not that wind or wave will bring
The treasure back when needed."
What ! and this is to be addressed to her who has cast away the
jewel of her husband's affections, and when the scorn of the
world is cast
?,nwh.eri and when she is most in need of it,:-'wilt be
Sag from her hen the treasure most is needed."
" If thou, halt bruised a vine,
f
An
tliietssuceniugnel7's breath is healing,
rpereugi, the"iYet may twine,
eaves their bloom revealing; .
But it' thou bait
a
With a bright draught filled.—ob, never
lie
slvished wealth
To-cool thy parched fever."
Yes he has dashed from her the cup
tdoreestie bliss into the
pt.uous world. Rage
feelings excited. by the .scorn of a 'leo°
is gone for neve:
iti.,soetioken. The.
ever so Yioleutlyetbat cup
drop of comfort shall cool her parched li as, believe that a paramour would send these lines t s One yo?
o an adul
If you do not. I then call upon you to take this as nee ev •eneB
that whatever heedless intercourse may have taken- plac%:—it

. .
131 SON V. BILOWN.
This was an action brought by the plaintiff, who is a saddler in Li-
verpool, to recover the amount of a bill of exchange, drawn upon the
defendant, and accepted by tam for £l9 15s Od, which had been re-
turned dishonoured, . There was a further sum of £3 13s Id, sought to
be recovered for goods sold since the bill was drawn, which, together
with lOs for the interest, and expenses of the bill, would make the
whole sum £23 18s Id.
The cause was undefended, and the juryreturned a verdict for the
plaintiff—damages £.13 18s Id—costs 40s.

AMBROSE V. GARTSIDP.
Mr. Serjeant Atcherley and Mr. Venables appeared for the plaintiff
and Mr. Alexander for the defendant
This was an action brought by the plaintiff, who is a labouring man
residing in Liverpool, against the defendant, Mr. Abram Gartside
wool-broker, of the same place, for injuries which he had received in
consequence of the carelessness of the defendant's servants. It ap-
peared from the evidence, that in the month of June last, the plaintiff
was walking along Vauxhall-road, and 'happening to meet with a per-
son he knew, ne stood talking with him for some time, and at length
sat down upon one of the shafts of a lorry, which was loading with
wool out of a warehouse near to where he was. It was stated that the
bags of wool were not, as is usual, lowered from the warehouse floor
to the lorry with a rope and crane, but were thrown down upon the
vehicle without any rope or anything attached to them by which they
might be gradually let down. One of; the hags so thrown, unfortu-
nately bounded from the lorry upon the back of the plaintiff, and pro-
duced the injury he then sought compensation for. For the defence
it was contended, that the plaintiff had due warning given to him of
the danger in which he was placed by sitting where he was—that he
had received no very serious injury—that he was now and had for
some time been following his daily employment, and that he merely
instituted the present action for the purpose of extorting money from
the defendant. It was likewise stated, that the defendant was ex-
tremely sorry for the misfortune which had happened to the plaintiff,
and that he would have had no objection to have made him an ample
compensation had he had the opportunity of doing so ; but as he had
not had that opportunity, and as the plaintiff seemed to think he could
extort more from him by bringing his case before a jury, the defend-
ant was obliged to meet him in court, and abide the result of a public
investigation.
The jury retired for about an hour, and returned a verdict for the
plaintiff—damages £5O.

•
* Mr. Thomas Grahame, who has already so saccessfullydi-
rected public attention to the subject of locomotion io,all its
bearings, has put this in a' clear point of view. In a recent
publication he observes:—" There are at present no fewer than
five joint steam navigation companies who seek to be incorpo-
rated b' parliament as Carriers of goods and piissengers bet Ween
various parts of Great Britain. The applications of thOse par-
ties are opposed oh the'ground of the impolicy of incorporatng
trading, companies. ' Can parliament refuse to incorporate those
companies and to grant them the same privileges and immuni-
'ties which they have conferred on the railway shareholders?
Can parliament refilse those privileges to a company who carry
goods and passengers to Exeter, Hull, Dover, &c., in steam
vessels, which they have conferred on companies which do the
same think by means of 'locomotive 'engines and waggons?
Certainty not. The- privileges sought by steam navigation
companies gives them no power to monopolise the highway., of
'
the seas,- or to prohibit competltion. The same priVilege,
when
Conferred on the proprietors of a railway or canal, is virtually
the creation of a perfect monopoly."
(To be continued.) .

THE ADVANTAGES OF INSURING BRITISH SHIPS
IN AMERICA.
'What these advantages, are our mercantile and other readers
interested in marine insurances will glean frum ihe fulltiwing
Statement which may be, relied upon as being correct iu every
particular.
The ship Sir James Anderson sailed from
Quebec
of November, 1834, on her homeward voyage
to in
I e meh
Liverpool.nnt
During her passage she had to encounter some dreadful gales,
in one of which se loSt her rudder, and, becoming unnianage-
able' was ultimately abandoned by her crew. On the arrival of
her commander, Captain Reid, at Liverpool, the necessary do-
cuments were prepared for the purpose of being ~forwained by
the owners of the vessel to New fork, in order to recover the
sum of 25,Uid dollars, the ainouut of three -policies effected
upon her in the American, ihe Union, and the Jackson, three
Marine insurance companies establiShed at New furk. Two
inen, Aikin, the mate; and Luptcin, the,steward of the Sir James
Anderson, refused to sign the protest Without being previously
p,tid the ualance of wages which would hdve been due to them
had the voyage been completed. The demand was resisted as
an illegal extortion, the ship having earned no freight. After
stating their case to several merchants and shipowners here,
• who ail agreed in telling diem that they could nut substantiate
ally claim for wages, these .men Proceeded to Make sume state-
ments to an Aliterican public funetionary„ who, it appears, im-
mediately put him Self in communication, with and suggested.to
the managers or the New York insurance compadies the pro-
prietyof sending a commission to this country to e...ainine wit-
nesses touching the loss of the Anderson, in w hitch he and two of
his friends should be joined. We du not know whether this course
was adopted; but the New York insurance compaines peremp-
torily refused to pay their liabilities, and the insared, had no
other course to pursue than that of commencing, actions in an
American court of justice for the recovery of the loss they had
stistained. ln order to establish their clanos,, the owners of the
Sir James Anderson had to procure the attendance in 'Sew York
of the captain and the crew on board that vessel when she was
abandoned. In doing so they were put to the enormous ex-
pense of £2,1:00 in colieeting these persons together trout vari-
ous ships in different parts of ihe world. ,
American.
Insurance the 27th January last the action against the Antericon
Insurance Company was tried before Judge Oakley in the.
Superior Court at .New York. The trial lasted five days, al-
thou; h the court sat twelve hours each day. upwards of ninety,
witnesses were examined. One of these, a Captain Rogers, an
American witness fur the defendants, swore that • it was an act
of madness to abandon a ship which had lost her rudder." This
opinion, coming from so high an authority on nautical matters
in America as the sou or nephew of the great Commodore Ro-
gers, of the President, caused a very considerable degree of sur-
prise among the other American captains who neard .t deli vered;,
so great, indeed, that one of them was induced to waike some
inquiries, which ended in the discovery that Captain Rogers
was the propiietor of fifty shares in one of the very companies
against which an action, iirought by the same parties on a-policy
of insurance upon the same ship, was then pending! The jury
returned a verdict for the full amount insured, with costs of suit;
but the costs allowed are trifling when compared with the costs
incurred. For example, in oneiieni alone only IMO dollars,
Were allowed where an expenditure of mere than 6,000 dollars
had taken place. For the attendance of each witness only 124
' m
cents, or about Gad. per day, is alloWed; the largegt su granted
by the American courts whatever the rank or station of the
party in society, or however lucrative or important his occupa-,
tton may be. Before the jury, on the action of which we have
been speaking, retired to consider their verdict, 'the plaintiffs
offeled to abide by whatever decision that jury might come to,
as far as the other insurance companies, the Union and the
Jackson, were concerned, the merits of. each of these three ac-
tions being identically the same. This offer was refused,
and they were compelled to proceed 'to a second trial.
The hearing of the second action, the owners of the Sir James
Anderson v. the Jackson Marine Insurance Company, lasted
nine days. The defen.dants in this action moved for and obtain-
ed from the'court an .order fur a special jury. It was found,
however, on calling over the names of the 24 persons selected,
froth whom 12 were to be chosen, that every oue of them was a
proprietor of marine insurance stock. An objection to their
eligibility being raised by the plaintiffs a second list containing
the nettles of twelve other merchants was proposed, but, strange
as it may appear, it was found on inquiry that each and every
one of these persons were also shareholders in marine insurance
ianuYi, finding
ing
jtidgment that their
companieS. On this subject an argument Was raised which
las;ed five days, when the court decided that no man bolding
stock of this description would be permitted to serve on that
ojury,wii stockholders in
This dilemma
would
od
not the Jackson
be e r
m Cottntedp
upon theniselves, requested to have a common jury, which was
assented to by the opposite party. A jury of this description
p
haying been inipanelled, the merits of the cause of action was
proceeded with, and this jury, after hearing the evidence of 180
witnesses, required only fifteen minutes deliberation to enable
them to return into court and pronounce another verdict in fa-
"our of the plaintiffs. The third action, against "The American
Company," was not heard, the defendants agreeing to redeem,
their policy without going into court.
In the course of the second trial Mr. Ketchum, counsel for
the Jackson Company, and a very large holder of its stock, said,
in his address to the jury, " If this money is to be paid it must
come out of the pockets of widows and orphans; and where is it
to go? It is to go into the pockets of foreigners !" Bravo Mr.
Couoseller Ketcham! In an English court of justice language
such its this would not have been endured for a moment, nor is
there a single member of the English bar who would have dared
to insult a jury by advancing, an argutpent so abominable in its
tendency. With this exception we cannot discover the slightest
grounds of complaint against either the judges or the juries who
tried these actions. As far as the court itself was concerned,
the trials were conducted with the strictest impartiality and
even-handed justice. Unnecessary, vexatious, and even frau-
dulent litigation cannot be avoided in any country, however
pel;'ect its taws and itstitutions may be.
' Bnt, while we acquit the late of America of being blameless
in these transactions, and admit that justice has been obtained
front its decisions, what can be said of the insurance companies,
their advisers, and the other parties concerned, who organised a
defence of su disgraceful e character
The sum expended by.the plaintiffs, in bringing to an issue
their actions against these New Yolk insurance companies, are
estimated to amount to above £5OOO, out of which it is not ex-
pected that more titan 1:2000 will be recovered as costs. Add
to thii the loss of time, the vexation, and the anxiety of mind
which the plaintiffs must have endured, and the merchants and
shipowners of Great Britain will be able to appreciate THE AD.
VANTAGES OF EFFECTING MARINE INSURANCES IN AMERICA,

THE LIGHTS OF LOW HILL.
We have received several letters from most respectable in-
habitants of Low Hill and its 'vicinity, complaining, some in
very angry terms; that the darkest nights in the season have
been yhosen for the purpose of telooving the lamps and extin •
guishing the gas lights. Certainly the darkness is exceedingly;
inconvenient, but that it has been made dark for the benefit of
thieves we are not willing 'to believe At any rate, the new
police are harshly dealt with, when 014 are expected to pro-
tect persons and property which are invisible, and to prevent
robberies when the rubbers can paSS within, three feet, of their
noses without being seen. We had a right to expect better
things from the reformers, but they have made, had worse. If
a robbery shotrld'fake place, we hope the 'burglars will have
the honesty to rob the houseS of the official.guairdians of the
township, and especially the houses of any members of the new
cerporation, should there be any in that neighbonrhood; and
perhaps the seoner they do so the better.

HARROW SCHOOL.,
We understand that the governors of Harrow, School have
determined that the, new head toaster, (Mr, Wordsworth, ap-
pointed since the elevation to.the bench ofil)r. Longley,.) is not
to he allowed (as the head roasters of that school have heretofore
- nto take boarders into his house, and that an addition has
been
n.inade of ten pounds to the entrance fee'of each scholar to
.compensate him in part for the great reduction of emoluments
which will be consequent upon this new arrangement..
We have reason to believe that this sudden and unexpected
alteratitin in a very old system, in which; we must say we find
the seeds of much evil, and no compensating, good, has been
forced upon Atte, governors by a very, able pamphlet oo the sub-
ject, treating generally of our great public schools, lately pub-
lished for private circulation liy• Mr. Botch, the barrister, who
is the resident magistrate of the district in which Harrow School
is situated. If so, we can only say we sincerely hope that the
goVernors of other similar establishments will, as soon as oppor-
tunity offers, "take a leaf out of the same book." •
The presant,governors of Harlow School are; the Earl of
Aberdeen, the Marquis of Abercorn, Lord I•Torthwick, the Rev.
J. W. Cunningham, the Rev. J. Roberts, and J. Neild, Esq.

FRESII WATER AT SEA, COSNAHAN'S APPARATUS.
TO THE EDITOR OP 7'llE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.
Sta,—Having observed a statement in a letter inserted in
your publication of Friday last, that a vessel which sailed from
i:ence, for the East Indies had put back, as therein alleged, in
consequence of an apparatus for proeuring fresh water being
nut of order, we think it proper, as the manufacturers of the
Patent Apparatus in question, to state, that, on the return of
the vessel, we immediately sent our formin on board, who found,
on, inspection, that a small piece of metal had got into one of
the pipes, by which the faesh water was prevented running off,
and on the same being removed, the apparatus produced, as we
Lad calculated, at the rate of 30 gallons of fresh water in twelve
hours.

To show the success with which the apparatus has been
adopted by other vessels., we select from amongst other testi-
monials the foilowine extract from a letter addressed by Capt.
Callan, of the ship Bland to his owners, Messrs. Potter and
Son, dated at sea, 26th August, 1835 :
Our Water Apparatus answers very well irdeed : the
greatest quantity in one day is 28 gallons, but have no doubt
but the apparatus would if only used for the purpose, produce
in fine weather 40 gallons per day; in fact, it frequently runs,
as it is, for an hour at. that rate. Our cooking answers in all
respects; in fact, we are better off than before."—We are your
obedient Servants, P. E. WEBER and CO.,' ,
Iron-founders, Scotland-road.

• 'UNITED STATES.
Sylvanus Jenkins, Barker, fm New Orleans, with 981 bales cotton
Order-731 do, J Ridgway and co—P Dk ,
Berwick, Candler, fin Charleston, with 42 bales cotton, D M'Nicol
and co-201 do, D Jackson-93 do, Keill and Courant-100 do, T Wil-
son and co-,-102 do, A Swainson-147 do, W Bentley Stuarto-56 do T
Crowder-205 du, Maury, Latham and co-157 do, %V —469
Order-49 do, 1 brl Indian corn, R Sproat-2 kgs rice and nuts, Baring
Bros and co—P Dk
Barbara, M'Eay, fm. Savannah, with 249 bales cotton, Order-152
do, T Wilson and co-710 do,,Wainwright, Sheils and co—G Dk
Constellation, Sampson, fm New Orleans, with 861 bales cotton,
Rein and Courant--32 do, Wildes, Pickersgill and co—P Dk
Fergus, Cornforth, fm Apalachicola, with 1218 bales cotton, T W
Smith and co—P Dk
Dale, Burton, fm New Orleans, with 704 bales cotton, Baring, Brs
and co-433 do, 1-1 and W Davenport and co-455 do, Order-31 do,,T
Wilson and co-5 do. S R Healy—P Dk
Brothers, Poole, fm Savannah, with 70 bales cotton, Holderness
and Chilton-255 do, T Crowder-101 do, Waddington, Holt and co-
-164 do, Iloskell, Ogden and co-501 do, Order-83 do, Colfrnann, Lam-
bert and co-43 do, W C Molyneux-40 ps pitch pine plank, For Ex-
portation—G Dk - ' •

BRITISH AMERICA
•
Elizabeth; Scott, fm St John, N B, with 125 ps birch 'and 685 ps
pine timber, 11 c 27 deals, 9 fins lathwood, 48 spars, 300 rickets, 6 has
salmon, 41 wet salted hides, Gibbs, Bright and co—B Dk

SOUTH AM RICA.
Ganges, M`Donald, fm Maranham, with in bags cotton, J VRU
Zeller and co--30 do, J and J Hartley-250 do, Duarte Bros-27 do,
J Murta-45 do, S Philips-22 00. Wand J Wel!stood:L:2o do, Order
—5O do, A Parlaue-140 do, J Iladdon'and co- 7 do, Robinson &
vin-1516 do, Moon Bros-2 cs verclette retd, Order-1 bag rice, said
Master---52 bskts 6hf bskts 30 es tapioca, Ise annatto, I bskt arrow-
root, 3 es 1 brl Port wine, 1 cse Indian rubber, 3 es isinglass, S Phil-
lips—.' Dk
•
Ann Louisa, Lord, fin Payta. Arica, Islay, Guayaquil and Valpa-
raiso, with (fin Pay tit) 398 bales cotton—(fm Valparaiso) 586 bars cop-
per, 2 pkts pearls, 1227 hides, 4 brls wine—(fm Guayaquil) 115 t Brazil
wood—(fm Arica) 32 srns Peru bark—(fm Islay) 70 srns Peru bark, 6
brls 1 bskt shells, 2 pkgs sundries, the above reported for Exportation
—tile remainder for this port, (fm Valparaiso) Mir' silver, 5 boxes 2
pkgs plata pina, 2 pkts.l,bx gold 1 enstr gold dust, 6 bgs dollars, 2 pkgs
old silier, 2 pkts Ibx samples; Order—(fm Guayaquil) 13 ps plata pina
1 bar silver, Order—P Dk •
Hannah, Clayton, fm Puerto Cabello, with 820 bales Cotton, W and
J Brown and co-135 t copper ore loose, J Bibby and co-6 spars abt
fm dunnage wood, .For Exportation—P Dk
Heroine, Langrey fm Pernambuco', with 314 bales 468 bags cotton,
Order-21 bales do, I' Pooley-100 do, N Cairds-52 do, q Singletnirst
and co-25 do, Foster Bros--23 do, J Burn and co-50 brls 40 es sugar,
223 salted hides, Order—G Dk

. , .
MEDITERRANEAN:
Thomas Crisp, Crisp, fm Licata, with 220 tons brimstone, Order-
-K Dk .
Bispham, James, fm Catania and Messina, with (fm-Catania) 150 t
brimstone, 2 bxs conts unkn, J Bibby and co—(fm Messina) 100 cs li-
quorice, 165 bls.madder roots, p pps 20 cks olive oil, 1 bx samples olive
oil, 4 hds Marsala wine, 200 bgs nuts, 200 brls currants, 1 bx oranges,
Order-10 cks oliVi; oil, Morton and Wood-3 cks .cream tartar, E
Thompson-1 bx samples, A 'Potter-20 bgs nuts, 70 bxs lemons, Ick
chesnuts, 1 ck almonds, W Hamnett—B' Dk
Flora, Armstrong, fin Messina and Palermo, with (fin Messina) 200
bgs nuts, 2 bxs.oranges,.B cks Ihd olive oil, Order-4 es essences, E
Boulthee-4 cks cream tartar, J Hall-15 pps concentrated leMon juice
C and E Iltint-2 hds brandy; J Driver and co—(fm Palermo) 20 pps
olive oil, T Irving-394 bgs shuniac, 80 mats for dunnage; Order-14i
eks 12 octaves wine, J Crook-600. hgs shumac, 4..) mats for dunnage,
W M Smith and co—abt 32 tbrimstone loose, 11 cantars corkwood,
190 bags shumac, 20 mats for dunnage, J Hall-1.66 cs oranges, 50 bags
nuts, 34 bxs lemons, Rathbone, Brs and co-1 cse a table, .1-Bibby and
co-33 bx. oranges and lemons, said Master—G' Dk
Mary, Bond, fm Palermo and Messina, with (fm Palermo) 200 bgs
shumac, Desgrand, Fordati and co-500 do, alit 1033 cantars brimstone'
Order—(frn Messina).Bs cks olive oil, r. pps 20 hds 20 qr eks wine, 25
bxs liquorice paste, 30 brls currants, .10 cks maccaroni, 10 hds brandy
25 bxs oranges and lemon.:' Order—K Dk
Gandolfo, Cabotta, fm Licata, with abt 275 t brimstone, Desgrand,
Fordati and co-1 slab marble, said Master—Q Dk
Peru, Graham, fm Trieste, with 3 cks oil, 7 chts 18 hrls gum, Du-
mont and Ellrodt--.618 hgs shumac,-5 eks conts unkrt, J Rothwell-178
bales wool, 100 bags shumac, 19 cks 80 bxs conts unkn, Geller and co
—4 hrls I cse beads, 3 cks hware, AG bales wool, S A Brandeis-1 box
.books, Fianna and Jones-18 cs 3 brls beads, 100 brls raisins, 231 bls
conts unkn, 20 pps oil, suo bxs candles, Order-4 pictures, 1 small cse
cordials, said Master—Q Dk

APRIL. H. M.l
Tuesday —l3 851
Wednesday 13 944
Thursday l4 10 27
Friday, l5 11 2 -
Saturday 16 11 37,
SUNDAY l7
Monday lB

Monday
sad 1111 t dpril.
Since' Friday the sales have not exceeded 2000 bal aily, without
change in price.- - • • • ...

H. K.
9 19
10 8
10 45

. . -- ---- [ LIVERPOOL. CORN EXCHANGE, ----
APRIL 11. The suppliea of all kinds of grain, &c. are moderate.
At Friday's market several lots of Wheat were quietly taken by
speculators; an advance of Id to 2d per bushel was firmly d mandel
,that
ttaNdt
sea3hrofeol holders
wanted,
whatrsatoefd f, littlehains d tithrthaeiveyleeb,c,oolllittal.imitehde i
d
to Id per 45111 s advance,
and good samples not plentiful..
Of Oatmeal a good deal more than of late has been bought, the
prices are 3(1 per 240 ths higher. '
A good sale of Flour has been made this last week, prices rate 6d to
Is per sack dearer, arid the dealers "are generally without much stock,
as is usual in the month of April. •
WHEAT, v. 701 b: s 4 sd Oa
English,,new red, 6 8 0 7 2 Irys, ,11, 45th.
Do. old ish, n. kilndried
0 Do. old do. Do. new'white
Do. old OO .. 0 0 Do. do. old
Scotch, white...• 0 0:. 0 0 Foreign, free ....
Do. red
Irish, new red
Du. old 6 0.. 6 7 English, wlr.te .. 00 0
Do. new white
Do old 0 CY .. 4f
0 0 BEANS, , imp. qr.
Dautzig, red .. • • 0 9.. 0 0 English, new
Do, white"ettin, red ....• ' 0 0.. 0 0 Do. Pigeon, old..
St 0 0.. 0 0 Foreign, free ....
Do. white 0 0.. 0 0 Do. in bond ... ...
Conigsberg, red 0 0.. 0 0 Irish, Tick,c. new
Do. white
Riga & Petersburg 0 0.. 0 0 MALT, tjt imp, qr
Odessa ..... .... 0 0.. 0 0 English
Russian, hard.... 0 0.. 0 0 INDIAN CORN, inc. qr.
„ Canada, red OO.. 0 ' 0 Red " oo— 0 0
Do. white
liondfid Wheat' .. 3 6.. 4 6 , Ftora, W 2801 h.
Ric,imp. qr. English , English, fine
and Foreign, free 0 0.. 0 0 Irish, gds, new
Do. in bond ... 0 0.. 0 0 Do. tine .
BARLEY, Iff imp.. qr. " American. sweet, 35 6.. 38 0
English, Mainly, .320.. 35 0 per hrl. free OO .. 0 0
Do. Grinding.6oth 38.. 3 11 Do. in bond
• Irish, Malting, do. 0 0.. 0 0 Do. sour, free l9 6.. 21 0'
Do. Grinding, do. 38.. 3 II Do. in bond
Foreign, d. p. do. 0 C.. 0 0 Canadian, free
Do. in bond 0•0.. 0 0 Do.. in bond 19. 6..21 0
OAT:,. 4P 451 b. Oamtgat, (Iff 2401 b
English, new ..,. 0 0.. 0 0' English, new .... 0 0.. 0 0
Do. old 0 0.. 0 0 Irish, new
~ 25 6
Scotch, Sze new.. 0 0
.. 0 0.. 26 6
Do. old • 0. 0.. Do. old 0 0.. 0 0
0 0 BRAN. 4ft 24/b 0 11 .. 1 2

sd s d
2 8 6 2 11
0 0.. 0 0
2 11i.. 3 1
O 0.. 0 0
O 0.. 0 0
O 0.. 0 0

il4 1 Venus rises 6h 22m morn
15 7 Ox. Sr Cam. Terms begins
17 2 Jupiter sets 11138 m morn
17 11 Easter Term begins
18 5 Mars rises 4h 26m morn
18 3 2d Sunday after Easter
17 .9, Venus setallh. 30m even

30 0 .:" 44 0
00 0 PO 0
35 6..37 6
0 0.. 0 0
35 6 .. 37 G
00 0 oo 0

PRICES OF SHARES, LIVERPOOL, APRIL 11, 1536.

Liverpool Coal Gas
Liverpool New Gas and C £350 0 0
Coke Company, .... £lOO l7O 0 0
- • New Shares, premium ' £so
Liverpool and Harrington Water Works
Boone ditto
330 0 0
Exchange Buildings
Liverpool and Manchester Railway £lOO paid 285 0 0
Ditto Old Quarters - 71 10 0
Ditto New Quarters - 71 0 0
Bolton and Leigh ditto - lOO -- 90 10' 0
Ditto •• • ''' 2528 15' Warrington and Newton ditto - 168 0 0
Kenyon and Leigh ditto lOO - 110 0 0
Wigan Branch ditto ' ' ' lOO - 128 0' G
Preston and Wigan North Union Line ditto 5O - 70 0, 0'
St. Helens and Runcorn Gap ditto . . 100 - 35 0, 0
Leicester and Swannington ditto. . 50 - 60 0 0
Manchester, Bolton,andßury Railway and Canal 48 - 85 0 0
Leeds and Selby Railway • 100 --- 122 10 0
Grand Junction ditto
40 -- 114 0 0"
London and Birmingham ditto 5O - 126 0 0
Birmingham arid Glouceiter ditto 5 - 14 10 0
Moichester and Leeds ditto • 5 - 23 0 0
North MidWnd ditto - 14 10 0
Midland ditto
Edinburgh and Glasgow ditto - 11 11 0
0 0
Edinburgh, Leith and Newhaven 1
-- - 4
10
London and Gravesend ditto 1 - 1 0 0
Bank of Liverpool......
.. 10 - 27 0 0
Bank of Manchester
9
Manchester and Liverpool District 8ank......,. 25 -3501 N 0 0
Commercial Bank of Liverpool.lo 24 0 0
Liverpool Marine Assurance Company
25 -- 14 15 0
Oldham Gas Light and Waterworks
10 - 20 10 0
Manchester Fire and Life Assurance Co
10 - 10 0 0
Ocean Assurance Company - 10 0 0
Northern and Central 10 Bank of England - 16 15 0
5 0
10 18
'Union Bank of Liverpool
-
Commercial Bank of England 5 - 7 8
Birkenhead Ferry
Tradesmens' Bank 0 - 0 0 0
4'los--,- 4 5 0
RICHARD DAWSON. Share Broker.

11 53
0 8
,0 23 I 0,39

iliathrto.

LIVERPOOL COLONIAL MARKET, APRIL 8.

.
There has beep abetter demand for SUGAR during the last 'few days
and 1000 hhds B.P. have been dispoSed of at steady Prices, together
with 1100 bags Mauritius at the quotations. In Bengal there are not
any sales. Foreign Sugar has been more inquired for, and some pur-
' chases are reported to have been made for s'iipment to the 'United
States; the sales consist of 1000 chests of Brazil Sugar at 25s 6d to 28s
4p ewt. for brown to yellow, and 318 60 to 35s 64 for middling to good
white; and 90 brls. fine white Pernambuco at 375, 59 pipes and 500 bags
brown Manilla at 25s 60 to 295, and 1400 bags strong grey at3ls 4' cwt
the market has advanced is IP cwt.—ln MOLASSES, the sales are con-
fined to 50 puns good Demerara at 26s ts' cwt.—COFFEE. The sales of
I'lantation comprise 110 casks of Jamaica, and 40 bags Demerara at
public sale ; for the el an ordinary qualities, steady prices were ob-
tained, but the finer descriptions sold at a decline of Is, although 60
casks of good to fine middling Jamaica brought Ills 6d to 115 s 41' cwt.
The stock now in the importers' hands does not exceed 150 casks of
Jamaica, of which 100 are announced for sale the 12th inst. 27 bales
ordinary Mocha sold at 60s 6(14, cwt. No sal( sof Foreign.—In Cocoa,
GINGER, or PIMENTO there are no transactions to report..-5 70 bags,
black PEPPER have been sold at 410 lb.—Of RICE, 2100 tees Caro-
ilea dressed have been taken by the trade at 295, duty paid, and 1000
bags fine East India at 13s 6d, in bond.—About 250 puns Rum, consiit::
ing of fine Jamaica and Demerara, Mve been disposed of at full
prices, besides a parcel of common Leewards, 5 O.Y. at 2s 2d. ,
There have not been any transactibns in East India INDIGO, but 17
scrons GUatirnala and 11 chests Egyptian, by auction, brought extreme
prices, the former selling at 4s 7d to 5s 5d cip lb, dut3r, paid, for good
ordinary tortes, to middling sobres, and the latter it 5s to 5s 9d 41'
Its
in bond.—CocnraiEAL brought rather higher rates at public sale, 7s 6d
to 7s 90 4P lb„duty paid, having been paid for 13 serous of Honduras,
silver graihs.l--31 chests !East India Gum ARABIC realized from 47s to
835,-and 21s. to 35s 4, cwt for siftings.,—Snoo. 136 bOxes have been
sold at 12s 6d for very common, and 13s 9d for middling white pearl.
—There have not been any sales of importance made in SALTPETRE.
—ll 0 hags of NITRATE of SODA. are reported at 200 Gd to 2ls 4P cwt.
—Sales have been effected in fine East IndiaßEEs' WAX at' IS Is t o
£8 5s cwt in bond in East India LINSEED to the extent of 1400
bags, at 57s 4r quarter, and 200 boxes CASSIA LIGNEA have been taken
at 59s r cwt. ,
DvEwoo s. —The demand has been moderate ;.1 60 tons of Cam-
peachy Loewoon, sold at £7 51 to LI 7s 6d for inferior, and at'el 15s
' for good, 10 tons of Honduras at .£5 15s ; PUSTIC dull, and scarcely any
thing doing ; 16 tons of Lima NICARAGUA WooD brought £l4 to £l6
• 4P ton ; nothing reported in other descriptions.—The price of TUR-
PENTINE has advanced ; 100 brls were sold early in the week at 18s,
but subsequently 6 0 brls were sold at 17s 80, to which price our quo-
tations are conformode—No alteration in American Tax ; the arrivals
during the last few days have supplied the market rather plentifully.
—Montreal Pot ASHES very dull, and difficult of sale ; some trifling
parcels have been sold at 38s down to 37s,'and a few small lots df Mon-
treal Pearl Ashes at 47s to 41s. 6clel3' cwt.—There has been more in-
quiry for FLAXSEE9, and several hundred hhds of New York have
been disposed of at 64s to 65s 3P' hhd for sowing, and a small parcel of
English at 65s tr quarter • 250' quarters of East India, of very fine
quality, brought 57s 4P quarter,' at the ship's side.—Nothing done in
CLOVERSEED.—QCERCITRON BARK continues in limited demand; about
5.1 hhds Philadelphia sold at .9s 4d to. I,s 6d, as in finality.—HIDES.
'The sales consist of 610 dry' Bueuos Ayres and Monte Video at 71d to
71(1 for middling, and 81d fo 9141 for good? 500 dry salted Maracaibo at
51d; 1750 salted Buenos Ayres at 4101 to 51d for Ox, and 44d td 41d for
Cow, and 120 salted West India, at 41d• to. 41d Oh; also 168 bales
Hide Cuttings _at 21d to 20 41 Ib.—HORSE HAIR. .34 bales short,
mixed and ropy have been sold at 89d Ih.—ln OAK BARK there are
no sales to report.—The TOBACCO market has been extremely dull,
and the sales have again been limited to about 40 hi] ds.