The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-03-22 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, TUESDAY, IVIARCH 22, 1853.

Their object was to advance and capture Nankin, about
650 miles distant from Han Kow Chiu. Other towns are
said to have fallen to the rebels, and considerable quanti-
ties of military stores to have been captured by them.
They appear not to molest the people, and do not retain
the places subdued, but keep advancing. It is admitted
they are formidable. and fight " wonderfully," using
" big guns." It is stated that the Imperial Treasury is
empty, and large contributions are exacted from all the
provinces. At Canton imports have been neglected, which
may be accounted for by the Chinese New Year being
close at hand, Bth February, and also by the report of the
successes of the rebels. --
AUSTRALIA.—The India mail brought news from
Sydney to the close of the year, and from Adelaide to the
16th of January. The Sarah Sands arrived at Sydney on
the 24th of December, after a passage of 84 days from
Cork, and the Cleopatra had also reached Melbourne.
The yield of gold from the Victoria diggings alone
amounted to about 100,000 ounces a week, in spite of the
attractions of the Christmas holidays, and the scarcity of
water in some localities. Twelve thousand emigrants
and a hundred and fifty-two ships had arrived in Port
Philip during the month of December; but though such
an enormous accession to the population had been natu-
rally attended with some inconvenience, nothing ap.
proaching to suffering had occurred. About 400,000
ounces of gold is reported on the way to England. The
Melbourne Argus reports the yield of gold up to Decem-
ber 30, 1852, in round numbers, 4,000,000 ounces, which,
at 70s. per ounce, is £14,000,000 sterling; but its intrinsic
value is certainly more, nearly £16,000,000 sterling.
Three several gold-fields—Mount Alexander, Ballarat,
and the Ovens, are now being advantageously worked.
The astonishing richness of Mount Alexander is evidenced
in the large amounts which it yields, notwithstanding the
immense quantities that have already been drawn from
it. The whole country thereabouts appears to be more
or less auriferous. Ballarat diggings are again rising into
favour, and their productiveness is being more fully deve-
loped. The report from the Melbourne labour market
states that—" The demand for all kinds of servants still
continues. The rate of wages is as follows :—Married
couples (without families), per annum, with rations, £6O
to £75 ; ditto, with family, £6O to £65 ; shepherds, with
rations, per annum, £36 to £4O ; hutkeepers, with ra-
tions, per annum, £3O to £35 ; general useful servants,
with rations, per annum, £55 to £6O ; bullock drivers,
with rations, £2 10s. to £3 per week ; bullock drivers,
for the roads, per week, £3 to £3 10s. ; gardeners, per
annum, with rations, £6O to £65; cooks (male) £2 to
£3 per week ; waiters, per week, from 20s. to 30s. ;
grooms, per week, 265. to 30s. ; carpenters, good house,
town work, per day, 18s. to 20s. ; bush carpenters, with
rations, 12s. to 20s. ; stockkeepers, with rations, £sos. to
£6O; blacksmiths, accustomed to country work and to
horse-shoeing, per day, from 20s. to 305.; general farm-
servants, weekly, £1 to £1 103.; compositors, 2s. per
thousand ; pressmen, £4 to £5 per week ; shearers,
£1 10s. to £1 15s. per 100; with rations ; washers, £1 ss.
to £1 10s. per week, with rations ; seamen, for London,
£5O for the run home, or £l4 per month ; seamen, for
Calcutta, for the run, £46; coasting, £8 per month.
Female servants—thorough-servants, per annum, £2O to
to £35 ; housemaids, ditto, £25 to £33 ; laundresses,
ditto, £3O to £35 ; nursemaids, ditto, £2O to £26 ; cooks
ditto, £35 to £50." ,
A Melbourne correspondent states his belief that the
gold fields of Australia are of such an extent that they
will yield the precious metal in at least the same propor-
tion as hitherto for centuries to come. He warns all
emigrants, however, that hard labouris necessary —clerka,
and others, not used to hard work, had better remain at
home ; the place is overstocked with them, and they are
starving. Even with the severest labour at the gold dig-
gings it is a sheer lottery :—" Although, of course, the
chances are in favour of those possessing much physical
strength to enable them to cope with the severe bodily
labour which they must necessarily undergo, yet even
with these, it is still the same kind of gambling speculation.
A party of four may dig for six weeks and get nothing,
and, after leaving in disappointment and disgust, the last
hole dug by them may be occupied by new corners, who
in twenty-four hours may turn up several pounds weight
of gold. The only way to ensure a fair degree of success
is to conduct gold diggings as a regular trade—to go to
the diggings with means sufficient to hold an in case of
disappointment, and to continue steadily at it in spite of
failure, whether it be for three, six, nine, or even twelve
months. The result will be then that you will almost
certainly be rewarded with a certain portion of the yellow
metal, equivalent to what in England would undoubtedly
be rightly considered a large sum, but which, recollecting
the high prices the digger has to pay for his provisions,
&c., is, after all, not so large a sum as at first sight
appears "

- CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.—By the steamer ship Syd-
ney, arrived at Plymouth from Australia, we have news
from the Cape to the sth ultimo, ten days later than by
the Indiana. In the interval small parties of marauders
have shown themselves on the borders and within, some
of the frontier districts, who have been actively pursued
by the burghers and mounted police, and generally with
success. Some ten or twelve-rebel Hottentots had sur-
rendered at or near Whittlesea, but nothing certain is
known of the Hottentot leader, Brander, or of the Caffre
chiefs, Sandilli and Macomo. There was a report that
some arrangement was in progress with these Gaika
chiefs, on the condition of their retiring behind the Kei,
a considerable number of their people having been per-
mitted to mingle with the friendly tribes in lower Caffre-
land, and his Excellency's expression in a general order
of the 26th of January, that " this arduous contest (is)
now happily brought to an end,"gives some colour to it.
This arduous contest commenced on the 24th of December,
1850, in an attempt to seize Sandilli. Caffraria was at
that time held in subjection by a military force, or in what
is called military occupation. At the end of two years of
active operations Sandilli is still at large, and Caffraria is
held in subjection only by a military force. The only
difference is, that the force was smaller in 1850, said to
have been about 1500 bayonets, while it is estimated at
some 7000 or 8000 in 1853. Should this force be reduced
to what it was in 1850, would the colony be more secure
than it was at that period ? Are the frontier districts
stronger, or Caffreland weaker now,. or will their relative
strength be more favourable to the colony two or three
years hence than in 1850 ?

EGYPT.—The value of landed property within the
walls of Alexandria has increased to an enormous extent,
and the rents of houses have, within the last year, been in
many cases doubled. The sons of Ibrahim Pasha, who
possess great wealth, are building very extensively, but
the demand far exceeds the supply, and new houses are
occupied even before they are completed. The Nile is
falling rapidly, and. the locks at the extremity of the
canal at Atfeh are to be closed altogether for the season.
As the water of the- Nile does not increase again until
August, it will be very low indeed before that time. For-
tunatelythe railroad between Alexandria and Cairo is being
carried on with great vigour, and after the present year,
the communication between the two principal towns of
Egypt will be carried on quite independently of the river-.
The trade of Alexandria is sorely feeling the effects of the
unwarranted speculation which has been carried on in
wheat during the last three months, and several failures
have taken place. Prices of grain have fallen very consi-
derably, and there is no confidence in the market.. Vessels
are still wanted.

AMERICA.
ARRIVAL OF THE ARCTIC.
By the United States mail steamer Arctic, Captain
Luce, which arrived on Wednesday, we have advices
from New York to the sth instant. She brought ninety-
eight passengers, but no specie.
The Artie passed the United States steamer Baltic,
from Liverpool for New York, at six, a.m., on the 6th
instant, 180 miles from New York.
The steam ship Georgia had arrived at New York with
the California mails, with 42,124,652 in. gold dust on
freight, and =8'300,000 in the hands of the passengers.
The excitement in Washington on the tth was exces-
sive. So great was the anxiety to witness Gen. Pierce's
inauguration as President, that, on the previous night,
hundreds of persons, including ladies, slept in the
Rotunda at the Capitol, while thousands walked in the
streets, determined to be sufficiently early, or unable to
obtain accommodation in the hotels. shortly before one
o'clock, General Pierce was escorted by a procession to
the Senate-house, which was reached at one o'clock. The
President elect stood erect in the carriage, with President
Fillmore by his side, surrounded' by marshals, and bowed
to constant cheers and waving handkerchiefs from the
windows. On reaching the Senate-house the President
and President elect took seats in front of the secretary's
table, with the committee of arrangements on their right
and left. At a quarter past one o'clock the Marshal of
the District, with the Judges of the Supreme Court, fol-
lowed by the President and President elect, and the entire
assemblage in the Senate, started in procession to the
eastern front of the Capitol, where an immense staging
was erected sufficiently large to accommodate all. At
half-past one o'clock, all being arranged, the oath of office
was administered to General Pierce by the Chief Justice,
and he then proceeded to deliver his inaugural address.
On the conclusion of the ceremonies the President was
escorted to the White-house, where he held a kind of
levee. The proceedings closed with a private dinner at
the White-house. Ex-President Fillmore quietly re-
turned to the apartments in the hotel where President
Pierce had resided.