The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-03-17 00:00:00

Nnittb glYtatts.

THE:OLD LINE OF PACKETS
• For NEW YORK,
To :ail on the 7th and 19th of every Mofith.
SOUTH AMERICA, D. G. BAILEY 616 tons.. 19th March
ENGLAND, B. WAITS 730 tons:. 7th April.
EUROPE, E. G. MARSHALL 615 tons.. 19th April.
NE W YORK, W. C. BAntrow.... 1046 tons.. 7th May.
CAMBRIDGE, IKA BURSLEY .... 1000 tons.. 19th May.
OXFORD, J. RATHBONE BOO tons.. 7th June.
NORTH AMERICA, A.B.Lownzn.6lo tons.. 19th June.
COLUMBUS, T. B. CROPPER 663 tons.. 7th July.

These Ships are of the first-class ; commanded by men
of character and experience. The Passage Money is esta-
blished at Twenty-five Guineas, for which ample Stores of
every description will be provided, with the exception of
Wines and Liquors, which will be furnished by the Wwatd, if required. BARING BROTHERS and Co.
Shippers will take notice, that the Freight by these
Packets will be collected, it New York, at the rate of four
dollars and eighty cents to the pound sterling.

' " NEW YORK LINE OF PACKETS.
414,.
-
it
it.'fil
..A.....,_.' Sailing on the Ist of every Month, vi
z.
UNITED STATES, A. BRITTON 650 tons.. Ist April
VIRGINIAN, L. HiGoiNs
SHEFFIELD, F. P. ALLEN 578 tons.. Ist June
STEPHEN WHITNEY, new ship, I MOO tons.. Ist July.
W. C. THOMPSON
- Th

iese ships are all of the first class, recently built in the
Fit), of New York ; and, for strength, beauty of model, punc-
tuality and swiftness of sailing, as well as for extent and com-
fort of cabin accommodations, are not surpassed by any in the
trade, and their commanders are men of great experience.
Guin
The rate of passage in the Cabin is fixed at Thirty-five
eas, including Wines, Liquors, and Stores of all kinds.
To insure punctuality in sailing, no Goods can be received
on board unless they are down two days before the time of
Baililig.—Apply to
THOMAS and JOS. SANDS and CO.

' ITo1To sail on the 25th instant.
For NEW YORK,
The splendid A 1 New York-built coppered and
copper-fastened Ship ROCHESTER,
P. WoonnousE, Master ;
Registers 845 tons. This first-class vessel is equal to any
Packet out of the port, and admitted to be one of the fastest-
vessels in the New York trade, and is in every way a
superior conveyance for freight.--For particulars of same,
cabin passage, &c. apply to Captain WOODHOUSE, on board,
Prince's Dock ; to J. D. ROCHE; or to
GALT, BARFF, and BENNETT.
per, Pound s
Freight payateblerling. at. New York at four dollars eighty cents

VoL. XV.—No. 754.]

&erg bp auction.

On THURSDAY next, the 19th instant, at Twelve o'clock, on
the Quay, Waterloo Dock,
740 Barrels TURPENTINE,
Landing ex Scotland, from Charleston.— Apply to DUNCAN
Gins, Esq., Merchant, or to
HENRY GLYNN and SON, Brokers.

Sale of Superb, and Elegant Glass, Ormolu and Bronzed
Chandelier*, Table and Hall Lamps, Papiere Mache
Trays, Lustre*, Ornaments, Pair Large Figures from
Oanova's Dancers, Gilt Ditto for Lights, Lease, and
Fixtures.

By Mr. BYFORD.
TO.MORROW, (Wednesday,) the 18th instant, and two fol-
lowing days, at Eleven o'clock precisely each day, on the
Premises, Bold-street,
THE genuine and superb STOCK-IN-TRADE, Lease,
-I- Fixtures, and Effects of Mr., John Hunt, a Bankrupt,
comprising- a variety of splendid and costly Chandeliers, in
Ormulo, with Green China Vases, for twelve lights, and
richly-cut Glass Ditto of various sins, handsome Orinolu
and Bronzed Ditto for gas and oil, Table, Bracket, and Hall
Lamps and Lanthorns, Candelabras, richly-cut Lustres, cut
and ground glass Cornucopias, Ornaments, sets of elegant
Papiere Macke Trays, Pole Screens, Writing Cases, Work
Boxes, Card Backs, Basket and Door Plates, Chimney Or-
naments, Lava Plates and Vases, fine Cutlery, in Penknives,
Scissors and Razors, Japan Trays, Travelling Cases, pair
handsome Full Length Figures, from Canova's Dancers,
pair of Gilt Ditto, for supporting=fights, working Tools, and
other effects.
The whole may be vieweasull'orsnA.y, the 17th instant,
*lsm Catalogues may be bed-on the Premises, or of Mr.
BYFORD, at his Rooms, Clayton-square.

MODERN HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE.
By Mr. BYFORD,
On MONDAY next, the 234 instant, at Eleven o'clock pre-
cisely, upon the Premises, 12, Breck-road, Everton,
11H " genuine and useful HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE,
Eight-days' Clock, in Mahogany Case, Two Piano-
fortes, Glass, China, Plate and Plated Articles, Books, and
Effects, of the late Mr. John Guy, deceased.
Comprising Four-post and Camp Bedsteads, with Morine
and Chintz Hangings, good seasoned Feather Beds, Painted
Chamber Articles, Stained Rosewood Chairs, &c.
The MAHOGANY FURNITURE—Sets Chairs, Bookcase,
with Glazed Doors, Loo, Dining, Pembroke, Card and Snap
Tables, Sofa, Couch, Chests Drawers, Night Commode,
Eight-days' Clock, in handsome case, Six-octave Piano-
forte, in handsome square case, banded with Satin Wood, on
reeded legs, by ROLFE and SONS, London ; a Five-octave
Ditto, Music Stool, a Dutch Garduvin, replete with bottles
and glasses, Chimney and Dressing Glasses, China Orna-
ments, Plaster Busts, Figures and Vases, Brussels, Kidder-
minster and Stair Carpets, Fenders and Fire Irons, Cut
Glass, Plate and Plated Articles, Kitchen Requisites and
Effects.
Amongst the Books will be found Rollin's Ancient History,
3 vols„ Geographical Dictionary, Lives of Eminent and Il-
lustrious Englishmen, 8 vols., plates, Locke on the Under-
standing, 3 vols., the Liverpool Mercury, bound, from 1818
to 1821, in 3 vols., History of the War, 125 Nos., by H.
Clarke ; a Quantity of Music ; French, Italian, German, and
Latin Works.

May be viewed on Saturday next, the 21st, when Cata•
logues may be had on the Premises, or of Mr. BYFORD, al
his Rooms, Clayton-square.

EXTENSIVE AND UNRESERVED SALE OF
COACHES, CARS, HEARSES, Sr MOURNING
COACHES, SUPERIOR HACK HORSES, HAR-
NESS, ke. _

By Mr. BYFORD,
On WEDNESDAY, the Ist, and THURSDAY, the 2d April
next, at Eleven o'clock precisely each day, upon the Pre-
mises, Cook-street,
THE whole of the extensive and superior STOCK in
TRADE of Mr. WILLIAM MILBURN, HACKNEY-
COACH PROPRIETOR, (who is declining business,)
which includes forty superior Hack Horses, in first-rate
condition, five large Double Coaches, six One-horse Cars,
with extra Poles, Chariot, Post Chaises, Omnibus (nearly
new), light Single-bodied Phaeton, six Mourning Coaches and
four Hearses, replete with Ostrich and other Plumes, Head
Feathers, Black Horse Cloths, a variety of Single and Double
Harness, Bar Traces, Stable Utensils, and other Effects con-
nected with the Business.

The Auctioneer respectfully solicits the attention of the
Public to the above Stock, which cannot be excelled by that
of any similar establishment, as the whole of the Coaches,
Cars, and Hearses are in the best possible condition.
May be viewed two days preceding the Sale, and descrip-
tive Catalogues had of Mr. BYFORD, Auctioneer, Clayton-
square, Liverpool, on application, four days prior to the
Sale.

By Mr. E. CRITCHLEY,
On TUESDAY next„ the 24th instant, at One o'clock in the
Afternoon, at the Clarendon-rooms, South John-street,
A MESSUAGE, six yards front, on the north side of
Sackville-street, Everton, No. 7, in the occupation of
Mr. Higgs,
A Messuage, six yards front, No. 9, adjoining the last lot,
in the occupation of Miss Beetenson.
The above two lots are Copyhold of Inheritance of the
Manor of West Derby.
A Messuage, six yards front, No. 3, on the north side of
Erskine-street, Brunswick-road, in the occupation of Mr.
Evans.

Four bilessuages, tau the sideof LiviairefiAtste, corner
of Burlington-street, in westspective occupations of Mr.
Clarke and others.

A Piece of Land, on the north side of Ford-street, with
the Five Messuages thereon, one fronting Ford-street, in the
occupation of Mr. Riley, and others fronting Pine-place. The
rental of this lot is £44 4s. per annum.
The three last lots are Freehold of Inheritance, and the
greater part of the purchase money of each lot may remain
on mortgage at £5 per cent.
_ _ _

For further particulars apply to Mr. WM. M`CHEANE, or
to Mr. LATHAM HANMER, Jun., Solicitor, No. 1, Dale-
street, Liverpool.

PETITIONS to both Houses of Parliament, for a
MODERATE REDUCTION in the DUTY on FO-
REIGN CORN, adhering to the principle of the present
Corn Laws, lie for immediate signature at the Lower Ex-
change, the Lymeum, the Tradesmens' and the Operative
Conservative Newsrooms, and at the Offices of the Liverpool
STANDARD, Mail, and Courier Newspapers.

MESSRS. LACE and ADDISON beg to call the
attention of the Profession to the following List of
LAW FORMS, which are kept constantly on Sale, at their
Establishment :

IN BANKRUPTCY.
I.—Bond to the Chancellor, with Affidavit.
2.—Petition to Ditto for Fiat.
3.—Style and Title and Memorandum of Commissioner's
Qualification.
4.—Deposition of Petitioning Creditor's Debt.
5. „ of- the Trading.
of the Act of Bankruptcy.
7.—Mernorandum of the Adjudication.
.—Warrant of Seizure.
9.—Bankrupt's Summons with Protection.
[o.—Witnesses Summons.
[l.—Advertisement of the Bankruptcy.
L2.—Appointment of Provisional Assignee.
3.—Memorandum of Bankrupt's First Surrender.
4.—Commissioner's Certificate of Choice of Assignees.
5. /9 , with Affidavit of Execution.
6.—Memorandum of the 'Choice of Assignees.
7. 1P of Adjourned Ditto.

[S.-

11 of Bankrupt's Examination, first and
second sheets.
,9.—Memorandum of Appointment of Audit Meeting.
20. Auditing Assignees' Accounts.
, Adjourned Auditing Assignees' Accounts.
First Dividend.
23. 11
Adjourned Dividend.
24.—8i1l of 'bosts against Petitioning Creditor.
25.—Costs in Bankruptcy.
26.—List of Debts proved at each Meeting.
27.—List of Debts for Certificate.
28.—Affidavit of seeing Creditors sign Certificate.
29.—Memorandum of Commissioners signing Certificate.
30.—Affidavit of Conformity.
31.—Common Depositions.
32.—Depositions on Bills.
33.—Memorandum of a single Commissioners' Qualifica-
tion.
34.—Memorandum Final Dividend.
35.—Power of Attorney to vote in Choice of Assignees.
36. ~ to sign Certificate.
37. „ . to receive Dividend.
38.—Allowance for Maintenance.
39.—Assignees' Summons.
40.—Affidavit of Debt for Proof at a Distance.
41. , on Bills Ditto.
42.—Dividend Receipts.
Bankrupts' Certificates, on Parchment.
The above Forms have been revised and approved of, on the

21.-
22.-

Plan usually allowed by the Com-minioners.
Files for the Proceedings.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Writ of Summons, Superior Courts.
Affidavit of Service of Writ. of Summons.
Retainers, Debt and Case.
Serviceable Process, B. C.
Bailable Ditto,
Declarations, B. C., Debt and Case.
Notices of Declaration, Superior Courts.
7, C. P. L.
ft B. C.
Subpoenas, Supenor Courts.
C. P. L.
fl
B. C.
Subpoenas, Duces Tecum, Superior Courts.
11 C. P. L.
13. C.

elony Subpoenas, B. C;
Fi. Fa.'s Debt and Case, B. C.
Ca. Sa.'s Debt and Case, B. C.
Mayor's Certificates.
LINED AND PLAIN DRAFT, BRIEF, AND OTHER PAPERS,
NOTARIAL PRESSES AND WAFERS, &c.
The following FORMS of CUSTOM-HOUSE ENTRIES
are kept CONSTANTLY ON SALE, and may be procured at
the Standard-office:
BRITISH GOODS OUTWARDS.
1. Liable to Half per Cent. Duty.
2. Duty Free.
*2. For the Fisheries in Newfoundland and N. America.
3. Coals, Wool, &c. liable to the rated Duty.

, .
BONDING INWARDS.
4. A General Form.
PAYING DUTY FROM THE SHIP.
5. Wine or Spirits.
6. Cotton Wool.
7. A General Form for all other Goode.

FREE INWARDS.
7. A General Form, same as above.
PAYING DUTY ON GOODS IN BOND.
8. Sugar, whether B. P., Mauritius, or East India.
9. Cotton Wool.
10. Wine in Casks, not Cape.
11. Ditto in Bottles, ditto.
12. Cape Wine.
13. Rum, B.P.
14. Brandy, Geneva, and other Spirits.
15. All Goods paying Duty per Cwt. except Cotton Wool.
16. Tobacco.
17. Coffee, B.P.
18. A General Form for all other Goods.
19. Tobacco Cigars.
20. Tea.
COAST;NG FORMS AND DMA' OF LADING.

MMERCIAL ADVERTISER.

PERUSAL OF ALL THE LAST NEW PUBLICA-
TIONS, AT
W. PARRY'S PUBLIC LIBRARY,
9, LEECE-STREBT, (near the top of Bold-street.)
This Library consists of
/. ALL the NEW WORKS in History, Biography, Tra-
vels, Divinity, Philosophy, Poetry, Fiction, &c. &c.,
which are added the day after they appear in London.
11. The POPULAR and STANDARD WORKS in the
various branches of Literature, of an earlier date.
111. A large collection of FOREIGN WORKS, the new
publications being constantly added.
IV. All the REVIEWS and MAGAZINES, with the
best Periodical Literature generally.
V. A great variety of ILLUSTRATED WORKS.
VI. Also, a MUSICAL CIRCULATING LIBRARY,
to which all the New Music is added as it appears.
TERMS:
FIRST CLAss.--Two7Guineas per Annum where the New
Works are required exclusively, of which a sufficient number
of copies are taken to ensure an immediate supply.
SECOND CLASS.—One Guinea and a Half per Annum, for
a general selection from the Catalogue ; the New Works
supplied in the proportion of one-half, together with the
Reviews and Magazines.
THIRD CLASS.—One Guinea per Annum, entitles the
subscriber to a general selection from the Catalogue, with
New Works occasionally, or Reviews and Magazines.

OPENING DINNER OF THE
DOLPHIN HOTEL, CLAYTON-SQUARE.
TUESDAY NEXT, 24TH INSTANT.
S. DODDS begs respectfully to inform his Friends
• and the Public that his OPENING DINNER will
take place as above, and solicits their kind patronage.
Tickets to be had at the Bar, 12s. 6d. each, a Bottle of
Wine and Dessert included.
Dinner on the Table at Five o'clock.

MO be LET, a large and lofty SHED, near tlio Central
pot's .Do
Also,
suitable
WAREHOUSE ROOMS. And CELLARS,
from ss. to 20s. per Week.
Apply to ROGER Pisßan and Co., Charlotte-place, Salt-
house Dock.

WHEREAS a fiat in bankruptcy is awarded and issued
against RICHARD BURROW, of Liverpool, in the
county of Lancaster, tailor and draper, dealer and chapman,
and he, being declared a bankrupt, is hereby required to
surrender himself to the commissioners in the said fiat
named, or the major part of them, on the 20th day of March
instant, and 21st day of April next, at 12 o'clock at noon of
each day, at the Clarendon-rooms, in Liverpool, and make
a full discovery and disclosure of his estate and effects, when
and where the creditors are to come prepared to prove their
debts, and at the first sitting to choose assignees, and at the
last sitting the said bankrupt is required to finish his exami-
nation, and the creditors are to assent to or dissent from the
allowance of his certificate. All persons indebted to the
said bankrupt, or that have any of his effects, are not to pay
or deliver the same, but to whom the commissioners may
appoint, but to give notice to Mr. EVANS, Solicitor, Lord-
street, Liverpool; Messrs. KNAPPER and WOOLLRIGHT,
Solicitors, North John-street, Liverpool; or to Mr. Taos.
OLIVER, Solicitor, 36, Old Jewry, London.

BULLOCK'S CAMPHOR TOOTH PASTE.
THIS beautiful preparation has been established upwards
of eleven years. The distinguished patronage which it
has received from families of distinction ever since its intro-
duction to the public is alone sufficient to stamp its merits.
It is the best composition for cleaning the teeth, preserving
and strengthening the gums, and preventing the toothache.
The teeth, however foul and discoloured by neglect, will, on
using the paste a short time, acquire a beautiful whiteness.
It removes scurvy, and sweetens the breath.—Prepared only
by Mr. BULLOCK, Family Chemist, 3, lower end of Princess-
street, Manchester. To be had retail of Mr. PRIESTLEY,
Druggist, Lord-street, Mrs. CREW, Library, Castle-street,
MAYNARD, Bold-street, WAGSTAFF, St. JaIIICS'S-StrCet,
LLOYD, Parker-street, and W. W. KING, Soho-street,
Liverpool, and all respectable Chemists, Medicine Vendors,
and Perfumers, in pots, 2s. each ; Wholesale Agents, Messrs.
BARCLAY, Farringdon-street, London, and Messrs. EVANS,
SON, and Co., Lord-street, Liverpool.
N.B.—Be sure to ask for " Bullock's Camphor Tooth
Paste."

E. & T. TAYLOR'S
:CONCENTRATED MEAT LOZENGES.
TO MERCHANTS, CAPTAINS, TRADERS, TRA-
VELLERS, and EMIGRANTS.—After the most
practical results, E. & T. TAYLOR, of 17, HOLBORN, (Lon-
don,) have succeeded in concentrating the Finest Meats into
the form of Lozenges, which, from their portability and nu-
tritious qualities, are of the last importance on board of
VESSELS destined for long voyages, as at any time, from
dearth of provisions or boisterous weather, when cooking
cannot be performed, they may be had recourse to, affording
all the nourishment of a substantial meal : and to the SET-
TLER in his new location they will prove of incalculable ad-
vantage, as one or two now and then dissolved in the mouth
will afford support for hours, whilst the cost, from their low
price, entails but a trifling expense ; in fact it is downright
economy to possess them, they having superseded every other
invention. The MULTUM IN PARVO or CONCENTRATED
MEAT LOZENGES will keep for any length of time and in
any climate, if preserved free from damp. None are genuine
but those bearing the signature of E. & T. TAYLOR on the
label. A liberal allowance made to Merchants, Captains,
and Shippers. Sold in every principal town in the kingdom

MONS. LE DRAY, SURGEON-DENTIST, from the
Firm of LE DRAY and CO., London.
SCURVY in the GUMS EFFECTUALLY REMOVED.
ARTIFICIAL TEETH SUPPLIED
WITHOUT WIRES, SPRINGS, OR CLASPS.
LOOSE TEETH FASTENED.
_ -

And filling Decayed Teeth with, Mineral Marmoratum.
MoNS. LE DRAY and CO., Surgeon-Dentists, respect-
fully inform the Nobility, Gentry, and Inhabitants of Liver-
pool and its vicinity, that they have opened an Establishment
permanently at No. 38, SEEL-
sTnEET, eight doors from
Berry-street. They continue to fill up the cavities of De-
cayed Teeth with their Mineral Marmoratum, without the
least pain, heat, or pressure ; . it is placed into the cavity in
an almost liquid state, and in a few seconds gets hard, pre-
venting and curing the Tooth-ache, arresting all further pro-
gress of decay, and rendering the operation of extraction
unnecessary. The Mineral not only converts a mere shell
' into a sound and useful tooth, but, by completely stopping
up the cavity, prevents effectually that unpleasant taint of
he breath which invariably accompanies a decayed tooth.
Among the various disorders of. the Teeth and Gums, there
are none more destructive in their effects, or more generally
prevalent, than Scurvy ; and it is well known that the loss
of Teeth arises more from this cause than any other. It
affects individuals of all ages and of all constitutions, and is
the primary cause of Tooth-ache and decay. To those so
affected, Mons. LE DRAY and Co: have to inform them,
that they can effectually remove this destructive complaint
by a single application, -without the slightest pain.
Artificial and Natural Teeth, of surpassing beauty, fixed
from one to a complete set, without extracting the roots or
giving any pain, without springs, Wires, or ligatures, an-
swering all the purposes of Mastication and Articulation,
remaining perfectly secure hi theirplaces, and may be taken
out and replaced by the wearer with the greatest facility,—
at the following Paris charges :
A single Artificial Tooth
A complete Set
A complete Set of Natural Teeth, on fine
..
gold plate
An entire Set of Natural or Terro Metal-
lic Teeth, highly finished, in the fi i;t
style, with fine gold sockets, usinly
charged 40 guineas
Loose Teeth fastened, arising either from age, disease, or
mercury, and deficiencies of palate effectually remedied.
Artificial Teeth out of repair,. remodelled to fit the mouth,
durability to their original
and restored equal in beauty
state. Attendance from Nine till Seven, and on Sundays
from Nine till Two.
For the convenience of country patients, Monsieur
LE DRAY and Co. are enabled to fix a partial or complete
set of Teeth at one sitting, without the least pain or incon-
venience.

£0 10 0
5 5 0

5 0- 0

6 0 0

3 3 0

No. 70, Seel-street,
EigAt Doors from Berrystreet, Liverpool.

(71, &i.eye4 0)
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6- e )
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/ • or 7 .
1;
pEaßfl. iatittb.
ANTED, in a Merchant's Office, au experienced
art!, BOOK-KEEPER.
V V
mum.
Applications to be made by letter, addressed to V \V, at
the Standard-office.
0

{PRICE FIVEPENCE.

" Oes y Byd i'r faith Gymraeg."
SOCIETY FOR PHE PUBLICATION OF
ANCIENT WELSH MANUSCRIPTS,
Founded at Abergavenny, in 1837,
WITH WHICH
THE CYMMRODORION SOCIETY,
Founded in London, 1750,
IS NOW ACTING IN CONJUNCTION.
Patroness.
HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN
Patronized also by
HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUCHESS OF KENT.
HIS ROYAL-HIGHNESS TILE DUKE OF SUSSEX.
HIS IMPERIAL HIGHNESS THE CZAREVECH, THE HERE
DITARY GRAND DUKE ALEXANDER CIF RUSSIA.
V ice-Presidents.
THE MOST HONOURABLE THE MARQUESS OF BUTE.
His Grace the Duke of BEAU FORT, K.G
His Grace the Duke of NEWCASTLE, K.G.
His Grace the Duke of SUTHERLAND.
The Most Hon. the Marquess of CAMDEN.
The Most Hon. the Marquess of ANGLESEY.
The Right Hon. the Earl of SHREWSBURY.
The Right Hon. the Earl of CAWDOR.
The Right Hon. the Earl of DUNRAVEN,
The Right Hon. Lord DYNEVOR.
The Right Hon. Lord CARBERY.
The Right Hon. ',Ord MOSTYN. •
The Right Hon. Lord Viscount ADARE, M.P.
Honourable G. RICE TREVOR, M.P. '
The Right Hon. CONSEILER JOUKOVSKY.
Honourable: LLOYD MOSTYN.
R. I. BEE-verr,-Etq., M.P., of Lantarntm Abbey.
Sit*J. J. GUEST,'Bart., M.P., of Dowlais.
Sir B. HALL, Bart., M.P., of Llanover.
JOHN JONES, Esq., MP., of Ystrad.
J. NtcHoL, Esq., M.P., of "Merthyr Mawr.
Sir R. B. PHILLIPS, Bart., M.P., of Picton Castle.
J. H. VivrAN, Esq„ M.P., Of Singleton.
W. WILKINS, Esq., M.P., of Maeslough Castle.
W. A. WILLIAMS, Esq., M.P., of Llangiby Castle.
Sir CHARLES MORGAN, Baronet, of Tredegar.
Right Hon. Sir .T. B. BOSANQUET, Knight.
His Excellency the Chevalier BUNSEN.
W. ORMSBY GORE, Esq., ALP., of Porkington.
Committee.
Sir Benjamin Hall, Bart., M.P., of Llanover, near Aberga
venny, Chairman. '
Octavius Morgan, Esq., F.R.S., F.G.S., of Tredegar.
J. Bruce Pryce, of Dyffryn, near Cardiff.
Rev. W. J. Rees, M.A., of Cascob, Radnorshire.
W. Williams, Esq., of Aberpergwm, Glamorg.anshire.
Editors and Collators of Manuscripts.
Rev. Evan Evans, (leuan Glangeirionydd,) Chester.
Rev. John Hughes, Knutsford, Cheshire.
tßev. John Jones, M.A. (Tegidd Christ Church, Oxford.
Anenrin Owen, Esq., Denbigh.
tßev. T. Price, (Carnhuanatec), Crickhowel.
Taliesin Williams, (Ab lolo), Merthyr Tydvil, Gla
morganshire.
Those marked thus j are also members of the Committee.
Corresponding Members.
WALES.
Blackwell, Rev. J., M.A., of Maenordeivy, Cardigan.
Booker, T. W., Esq., of Velindre, Cardiff.
Bridges, Right Hon. Sir Harford Jones, Bart., of Boulti
brooke, Presteign.
Davies, Rev. Walter, M.A., of Manafon.
Evans, Rev. D., 8.D., of Maesmynach, Cardiganshire.
Guest, Lady Charlotte, of Dowlais, Glamorganshire.
Hall, Lady, (Gwenynen Gicent,) of Llanover.
Johnes, J., Esq., of Dolecothy, Carmarthenshire.
Jones, Rev. W. L., of Tygwn, Carnarvonshire.
Knight, Rev. Chancellor, M.A., Margam, Glamorganshire.
Lewellin, Rev. Lle., D.C.L., Principal of St. David's Col
lege, Lampeter.
Lewis, D. Jones, Esq., of Gilfach, Llandovery.
Lloyd, Rev. H. R., M.A., of Danyralt, Carmarthenshire.
Lloyd, J., Esq., of Dinas, near Brecon.
Sainsbury, Rev. Sir Charles, Bart„ of Llanwern, Mon
mouthshire.
Traherne, Rev. J. M., M.A., F.R.S., of Coedriglan, nea:
Cardiff.
Vaughan, P., Esq., Brecon.
Williams, Miss, of Aberpergwm.
Williams, Miss J., of Aberpergwm.

Unexceptionable references will be required.

NEW BARRISTERS.—Last Hilary Term, thirty gentlemen
were called to the bar at the different Inns of Court.
The total number of petitions to the House of Commons
praying for the discharge of the sheriffs was 34, the signa-
tures to which were 5641.
THE PAOHA'S BEARD.—The Courrier de Lyon, in a letter
from Alexandria, communicates the following anecdote as
being current in that city :—" An English gentleman has re-
cently visited this place with his family after a tour in Syria.
His lady wrote to Mehemet Ali, requesting him to favour her
with a lock of his hair, to be placed in a collection she was
making of similar relics of illustrious men. The pacha
wrote in reply that he had no hair on his head, except his
beard, of which he would have sent her some portion if he
could consider himself as worthy of being called an illustri-
ous man. He, however, afterwards made known to her that
he would by his will direct his heirs to forward to her the
whole of his beard after his death !"
ENGLAND'S AID TO HER Al:MS.—Within twelve months
from the commencement of the war, she sent over to the
Spanish armies (besides £2,000,000) 150 pieces of field artil-
lery, 42,000 rounds of ammunition, 200,000 muskets, 61,000
swords, 79,000 pikes, 23,000,000 ball cartridges, 6,000,000
leaden balls, 15,000 barrels of gunpowder, 92,000 suits of
clothing, 356,000 sets of accoutrements and pouches, 310,000
pairs of shoes, 40 tents, 250,000 yards of cloth, 10,000 sets
of camp equipages, 118,000 yards of linen, 50,000 great coats,
50,000 canteens, 50,000 haversacks, with a variety of other
stores, far too numerous to be recapitulated.—Alfaalrell's
Life of Wellington.
RURAL DELIGHTS IN SPRING.—fIow delightful in the
early spring, after the dull and tedious times of winter, when
the frosts disappear, and the sunshine warms the earth and
waters, to wander forth by some clear stream, to see the leaf
bursting from the purple bud, to scent the odours of the
bank, perfumed by the violet, and enamelled, as it were, with
the primrose and the daisy; to wander upon the fresh turf,
below the shade of trees, whose bright blossoms are filled
with the music of the bee; and on the surface of the waters
to view the gaudy flies sparkling like animated gems in the
sunbeams, whilst the bright and beautiful trout is watchit g
them from below ; to hear the twittering of the water birds,
who, alarmed at your approach, rapidly hide themselves be-
neath the flowers and leaves of the water-lily ; and as the
season advances, to find all these objects changed for others
of the same kind, but better and brighter, tillithe swallow
and the trout contend,.as it were,for the gaitily mayfly, and
till, in pursuing your amusement (ily fishing) in the cab and
balusgavening, yourare-lerenadtd by the songs of the cheer-
ful thrush and melodious nightingale, performing the offices
of paternal love in thickets ornamented with the rose 'and
woodbine.—Sir Humphry Dary's Saimonia.
WINTER IN ICELAND.—The winter sets in rapidly, and
lasts ten months. During this long period the intensity of
the cold, the tempestuous state of the weather, and, more
than either of these, the shortness of their days, render even
the care of their flocks a difficult and often dangerous em-
ployment ; for the loss of persons in quest of sheep is by no
means an unusual occurrence; and on a snow-storm arising,
it is absolutely necessary to collect them in hovels, built for
their shelter near the farm-house. At such times it is im-
possible to see or hear, for the wind surpasses in violence any
idea that can be formed of it ; yet it is to this wind that the
shepherd must trust as a guide. Marking its direction, he
dashes into the storm ; the distance to be accomplished is
indeed, perhaps, short; but should he swerve from the right
way, the least deviation is sure to be fatal ; and woe to him
should the wind chop in the least while on his employment :
such a change will.inevitably seal his fate, and he will wander
in the dark, till, numbed by the cold, he will fall into a sleep,
which soon becomes that of death. Instances of such acci-
dents are not unknown even in the immediate neighbourhood
of Reikiavik. About Christmas, 1834, a young woman im-
prudently quitted the church alone before the service was
over, with the intention of nursing a child that she had left
at home. Before she had got out of the town a violent snow-
storm was raging, which rendered it impossible to see an
inch before her. Maternal solicitude, however, overcame
her fears, and she hurried on towards her house, which was
not more than a quarter of a mile distant ; but she lost her
way, and wandered about. till becoming drowsy, she fell
asleep. Upwards of one hundred persons went in quest of
her for many successive days, and though the search was re-
peated several times during the winter, it proved unavailing
till the end of the following March, when a partial thaw dis-
covered her corpse frozen in a sitting posture, within a few
yards of her home !—Hon. A. Dillon's Winter in Iceland.
MARRIED MEN IN THE ARMY.—In time of war, matri-
mony is a serious drawback to the soldier. Constant un-
easiness about the family he has left at home, when he himself
is called abroad, and their anxiety for him, are painful things
to think of ; his happiness and peace of mind are marred,
and all his best exertions paralysed, by reflecting on his situa-
tion, which hinders his advancement in the service. In times
of peace, when his family are around him, still there is no-
thing but endless scenes of trouble. He is surrounded by an
interminable host of miseries, enough to wear him out. It
is bad work truly in the barracks, aS I have often witnessed,
where the " Benedicts" are doomed to taste the ups and
downs of life—the latter most prevailing ; cribbed, cabined,
and confined in one small room—to say nothing of the end-
less jars and bickerings which arise in their society from
innumerable causes. A barrack may safely be designated a
mirror of life, wherein all the varieties of human character
are reflected. Let them who roam about the open world,
troubling themselves in vain, and wearing out their days in
shadowy pursuits, just take a survey of matters going forward
within this noisy region, where they will become acquainted
with the secrets of the prison-house ;" the beings shut up
in which fret and fume away their time, with fully as much
anxiety as their brethren of the wider sphere they quitted.
Tormenting jealousies—the pride of offiee—the love of rank
—the overweetting airs of your would-be great men, and your
little-great men, with a whole catalogue of petty plaguing
nuisances, invented, as if by patent, for the express purpose
of driving every person of common sense from the profession.
The most prolific source of jealousy was in choosing quarters.
It is astonishing what an uproar was kicked up on these oc-
casions. After the field officers took their rooms, then came
" the tug of war." Ye tender sex Boreas was a trifle to the
gentlest of you. On the score of rank barrack damages were
likely to arise, for the repair of which the surgeon was the
only artist requisite. Then followed all the little piques and
wrangling work. The lady of Major Ravelin cuts the wife of
Colonel Benbow, the latter being rather tardy in returning
her last visit. Mrs. Captain Pepper gets into a huff with
Lieutenant Valliant's rib, for a gross infrinrnent of polite-
ness, and sends her to study the " Rules of Etiquette." The
paymaster's better half, is at daggers withthe doctor's sposa,
because she walked before her into church: The quarter-
master's helpmate, in Coventry by the whole, it having been
ascertained that she originally carried on her studies where a
cynic of old times had thought proper to take unfurnished
lodgings. In short, they are all at loggerheads, so that it
would require a body equal to the Congress of Vienna, to
harmonise their several polemics.—Anecdotes of Military
Life.

TO PARENTS AND GUARDIANS.
HENRY PERRIS, No. 6, Church-street, is in immediate
want of a respectable and well-educated Youth, as an
APPRENTICE to the BOOKSELLING and STATION-
ERY BUSINESS.
Applications, if by letter, to be pre-paid.
Liverpool, 16th March, 1840.

PARTNERSHIP.
WANTED, a respectable Gentleman as PARTNER in
an old established BREWERY, in a town most noted
for its large exports of Ale to the East Indies..&c. The
Senior Partner wishes to retire, and the Junior Partner will
retain his half interest in the Concern, who is fully compe-
tent to take the management of the Malting and Brewing
departments. • •

ENGLAIVD, &C.
Clough, Rev. A. B„ 8.D., F.S.A., Jesus College, Oxford.
Evans, Rev. R. W., M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge.
James, Rev. D., Kirkdale, Liverpool.
Mackenzie, J. WhitefoOrd, Esq., W.S., Edinburgh.
Meyrick, Sir S. R.,' K. 11., F.R.S., F.S.A., of Goodrich
Court, Herefordshire.
Parry, J., Esq„ (Bardd Alaw,) London.'
Phillips, Sir T., Bart., F.R.S., F.S.A., of Spring Hill,
Worcester.
Prichard, J. C., M.D., F.R.S., M.R.1.A., Corresponding
Member of the Institute of France, Bristol.
Rowlands, D., M.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., &c., London.
Turner, Sharon, Esq., F.S.A.. R.A.S.L. &c., London.
Williams' Yen. Archdeacon, M.A., F.R., S.E., F.S.A., &c.
&c., Edinburgh.
Williams, P. 8., Esq., India Board, London.

The export and home connexion is considerable and still
increasing, and a more eligible opportunity to any one wish-
ing to go into the Business has seldom occurred.
As it will not be kept long open, immediate application is
requested to be made by letter, addressed A. Z., Post-office,
Liverpool ; and none need apply who are not prepared with
sufficient references, which will likewise be exchanged on the
part of the Brewery.

Secretaries.
_
HONORARY SECRETARY.
Rev. J. Evans, Llanover Vicarage, Abergavenny.
HONORARY FOREIGN SECRETARY.
Mons. Rio, of Llanarth Court, Monmouthshire, and Brittany
France.

TO VETERINARY SURGEONS, OR PERSONS
CONVERSANT WITH HORSES.
WANTED, a PARTNER, in an extensive VETERI-
NARY and COMMISSION ESTABLISHMENT,
in the City of Dublin, capable of accommodating One
. Hundred Horses, and as many Carriages, with an extensive
Forge, &c. &c. The Proprietor not being able to attend to
the several branches himself, is desirous of getting a Partner,
to whom he would allow a share of the profits equivalent to
the sum brought into the establishment. There is no doubt
of a large sum being realized, if properly conducted by an
active and experienced person ; or, if more desirable, the
Proprietor would treat, with a solvent person, for the entire
Establishment.
Apply (by letter, post Paid) to ,111 i. WArrs, 94 Ste-
phen's Green, Dublin. • ,

LIVERPOOL DISPENSARIES..
Vfif ANTED, TWO. ASSISTANT or VISITING SUR-
GEONS to the above Institution. No Gentleman
. will be eligible to the situation unless'ihe has taken his
Diploma as Surgeon in London, Dublio;=Edinburg-h, or
Glasgow, or unless he be a Licentiate of, pothecaries' Hall.
Salary, Seventy Guineas per Annum,`lvitli- Coals, Candles,
and Furnished Apartments in the Dispensary. ,-
Servants' attendance not included, such being a matter of
arrangement with the Matron of the Institution.
Candidates, who must be Single Men, are requested to
send their Certificates (post-paid) to the Secratary's Office,
Parish-offices, No. 1, Fenwick-street, on or before TUESDAY,
the 31st instant, at Twelve o'clock, addressed " To the Pre-
sident of the Dispensaries," and each individual offering
must then and there appear in person to undergo an exami-
nation by the Medical Board.
The successful Candidates will have to commence their
duties immediately after their appointment.
By order of the General Committee,
ROBERT WEDGWOOD, Secretary.
Dispensaries' Office, 1, Fenwick -street,
March 16 1840.

Treasurer.
Rees Williams, Esq., of Aberpergwm, Neath.
Bankers.
Messrs. Williams, Deacon, and Co., London.
Messrs. Jones, Loyd, and Co., London.
The Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire Bank , A bergavenny.

PROSPECTUS.
This Society has been formed for the purpose of tran-
scribing and printing the numerous unpublished Bardic and
Historical Remains, still extant in the Principality and other
parts of the world, which have hitherto been allowed to con-
tinue in a state of obscurity, without any effective measures
having been adopted to lay their contents before the public,
and secure such valuable literary treasures from the various
accidents to which they are liable. In addition to the gene-
ral decay, which from their perishable nature these venerable
relics have been for ages undergoing, within a short space of
time whole collections have been destroyed by fire, and of
those copies distributed throughout the country, numbers
which are known to have existed a few years ago are no
where to be found.
Besides the interest which these ancient documents pos-
sess, as objects of antiquarian curiosity, and as contributing
to the elucidation of British History, they have claims to at-
tention of a far more general character, as being intimately
connected with the origin and progress of modern European
Literature; for it is among the legends and traditions of the
Welsh that those materials are to be found, which supplied
the nations of the Continent with the earliest subjects of
composition, and produced those highly imaginative works,
which continue to exercise so powerful an influence to the
present day.
A great body of Historical knowledge, from the thirteenth
to the fifteenth centuries, is contained in the unpublished
Writings of Wales during the wars of the Rival Roses, and
at least as far down as the year 1500. From these documents,
a very intimate acquaintance with the state of society during
the above period may be gained. The Welsh Bards were the
Chroniclers of the times in which they lived, and their Poems
are chiefly addressed to the leading men of the day. Besides
Poetry there is still existing an immense collection of Prose,
both Historical and Legendary.
The mode of proceeding adopted by the Society is, so far
as its pecuniary means admit, to procure Copies of the most
important Ancient MSS. relating to Wales, and to publish
the same with Notes and Illustrations, accompanied by Eng-
lish Translations. The Publications are to appear at such
intervals as may be convenient, in Parts not exceeding One
Guinea each Volume to Subscribers, to be paid for on de-
livery ; such Volumes to be sold to Non-Subscribers at an
advanced Price.

The Society began to make known its views in 1837, under
the patronage of His late Majesty, William the Fourth,
whose death for a time caused a delay in its progress, but
Her present Majesty Queen Victoria, having graciously ap-
proved of its object, and become its Patroness, it once more
appealed in 1838, to the well known patriotism and gene-
rosity of the British Public, for the aid necessary to accom-
plish its undertakings. As soon as adequate funds were pro-
vided, the Society commenced its labours in January, 1839,
by procuring from the Library of Jesus College, Oxford, a
transcript of that valuable Manuscript relating to Welsh
History, called Llyfr Llanddf, or Liber Landavensis, which
has since been collated with another MS. Copy of the same
Work in the Hengwrt Library; it is now in the Press, and
will speedily he published, accompanied by English Trans-
lations and Notes, by the Rev. W. J. Rees, M.A. of Casob,
and illustrated with several Plates and Fan Similes. The
above Work would have been long since before the Public.
but for the unavoidable delay occasioned by the sudden and
much lamented death of its former learned Editor, the Rev.
Professor Rees. Transcripts of other valuable MSS. are in
a state of forwardness, which the Society hopes, on collect-
ing sufficient Funds, to publish without delay.
Donations and Annual Subscriptions, together with Orders
for Copies of the Works, are respectfully requested to be
forwarded to the Honorary Secretary, the Rev. J. Evans,
Llanover Vicarage, Abergavenny. Subscribers' Names and
Orders for,Copies of the Works will also be received by the
Publisher, W. Recs, Llandovery.

The petition from Sheffield against any further grant to
Maynooth College, has already received upwards of 7,090
signatures.

DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS ALREADY
ANNOUNCED.
DECEMBER 3OTR, 1839.

, -
Donations. Subscriptions. Copies
The Hereditary Grand Duke X. s. d. s. d.
Alexander of Russia .. .... 100 0 0
The Duke of Newcastle .... 50 0 0 5 5 0
The Marquess of Bute
Lord Dynevor .....
Lord Mostyn 2l 0 0
Sir Charles Morgan, Bart 2l 0 0 3 3' 0
The Earl Cawdor 2O 0 0
2
Sir B. Hall, Bart., M.P l5 15 0 2 2 0 2
SirJ.JohnGuest,liart.,M.P. 15 15 0 2 2 0 2
The Hon. G. R. Trevor, M.P. 15 0 0
J. Nichol, Esq., M.P lO 10 0 2 2 0
J. H. Vivian, Esq., M.P.
Col. Wood, M.P lO 10 0
Lord Adare, M.P. lO 10 0
Sir J. B. Bosanquet .
W.Williams,Esq.Aberpergwm 10 0 0 1 0 0
T. Phillips, Esq., London
W. Ormsby Gore, Esq., M.P lO 0 0 2 0 0
The late Lady C. Greenly, of
Titley Court .. 6 6 0 1 1 0 1
J.BrucePryce,Esq.of Dyffryn 5 5 0 1 1 0
Rev. W. J. Rees, M.A. •• • • 5 5 0 1 1 0 1
The late Rev. Professor Rees,
B.D. 5 0 0 1 1 0
Sir SR. Meyrick -,)
T. F. Wakeman, Esq., of
Graig, Monmouthshire
Octavius Morgan, Esq ,
F.R.S., F.G.S. ....
J. C. Prichard, Esq., ..
F.R.S., M.R.1.A., &c 5 0 0
Philip Jones, Esq. of Llanarth 5 0 0
JnoLlewellin,Esq.ofAbercarn 5 0 0
The Hon. Miss Harley 5 0 0
Rev. R. W. Evans, M A
• • ,
Trewen, Chester
J. W. Mackenzie, Esq., Edin-
burgh ....
Robert B. Phillips, Esq., of
Longworth
R.B.Williams,Esq.ofLlandilo 2 2 0
N.B.—Subscriptions, in Liverpool and its Vicinity, will be
thankfully received by the Rev. D. JAMES, Kirkdale, Liver.
Poo"

THE CONTRADICTORY COUPLE.—" I do believe," he
says, taking his spoon out of his glass, and tossing it on the
table, " that of all the obstinate, positive, wrong-headed
creatures that ever were born, you are the most so, Char-
lotte." " Certainly, certainly, have it your own way, pray."
You see how much / contradict you," rejoins the lady. "Of
course, you didn't contradict me at dinner time. Oh, no,
not you," says the gentleman. " Yes, I did," says the lady.
Oh, you did," cries the' gentleman ; " you admit that P'
" If you call that contrdiction, I do," the lady answers ;
" and I say again, Edward, that when I know you are wrong,
1 will contradict you. lam not your slave." " Not my
slave !" repeats the gentleman, bitterly ; " and you still
mean to say that in the Blackburns' new house there are not

more than fourteen doors, including the door of the wine
cellar !" " I meant to say," retorts the lady, beating. time
with her hair brush on the palm of her hand, " that in that
house there are fourteen doors, and no more." " Well,
then," cries the gentleman, rising up in despair, and pacing
the room with rapid strides, " By G—, this is enough to de-
stroy a man's intellect, and drive him mad !" By-and-by
the gentleman comes to a little, and passing his hand gloomily
across his forehead, reseats himself in his former chair.
There is a long silence, and this time the lady begins. " I
appealed to Mr. Jenkins, who sat next to me on the sofa in
the drawing room during tea—" " Morgan you mean," in-
terrupts the gentleman. "I do not mean anything of the
kind," answers the lady. " Now, by all that is aggravating
and impossible to bear," cries the gentleman, clenching his
hands and looking upwards in agony; " she is going to insist
upon it that Morgan is Jenkins !" •" Do you take me for a
perfect fool ?" exclaims the lady ; " do you suppose I don't
know one from the other? Do you suppose I don't know
that the man in the blue coat was Mr. Jenkins?" " Jen-
kins in a blue coat !" cries the gentleman, with a groan;
" Jenkins in a blue coat ! a man who would suffer death ra-
ther than wear anything but brown !" "Do you dare to
charge me with telling, I charge
s ri untruth
you,? '
ma'am,"
demandsa,aretorts the
thelady,
bursting into tears. ,
gentleman,ion,am
o starting
tz;:v aggravation,
a
being— as—a monsterje nk
ofin contradic-
tion, oinn t raa
blued e -
tmonster of
coat !—what have I done that I should be doomed to hear
Young Couples.
such statement?"--Sketches of

Nl/4 CN

1 l'ilrr•iLkN A .

-00'1
&113^ "AFTCH OF THE CHINESE EMPIRE,
AND PARTICULARLY OF

THE

SEAT OF

wax.

WITH A VIEW OF THE
RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE DISPUTE

THAT HAS LED TO THE SUSPENSION OF

BRITISH INTERCOURSE WITH CANTON.

(Accompanied by a Chart of the Canton or Tigris River,
which will be presented gratuitously to the Purchasers

of the STANDARD of Friday next:)

The Chinese empire has long been regarded, in this coun-
try, as an important and interesting portion of the globe, not
only from its valuable productions, and the singularity of its
people, but from_ the lucrative trade pursued with it, on suf-
france, by our Asiatic merchants, and, above all, from its
supplying us with an article of extensive domestic consump-
tion, which has almost become a necessary of life amongst
us, and the importation of which, moreover, yields a large
annual revenue to the government. The interest with which
China has so long been viewed from these causes, has receiv-
ed additional excitement from the recent disputes between
the superintendent of British trade and the Chinese authori-
ties at Canton, which have resulted in the stoppage of the
opium trade, and unhappily in some hostile encounters at
the mouth of the Tigris, attended with loss of life, and which
will, in all probability, prove preliminary to a war between
the two nations, and render Canton, or Pekin, or both, the
objects of attack by the British forces now assembling in
India. At such a time, therefore, a sketch of China, its ex-
tent and population, and particularly of the more immediate
scene of the recent disturbances—the point in which our
commerce with China has long been concentrated—together
with some account of the rise and progress of the dispute
which has placed the two countries in a hostile position, can-
not, we think, fail, although brief, to be acceptable to those
of our readers whose pursuits do not permit them to study
the subject in detail—especially as the result may involve
considerable changes in our national and commercial rela-
tions in that quarter. Without, therefore, entering into mi-
nutiae, we shall endeavour to supply, from the most authen-
tic sources, as much explanatory information as our limits
will permit, and the question at issue—the declared or threat-
ened war—may seem to demand.
THE CHINESE EMPIRE,
comprising the dependencies of China, is the most ancient
state in the world, and second only to Russia in extent of
dominion. It extends from Segalien, the eastern extremity,
to Turkistan on the west, a length of 3460 miles, and from
north to south—from the Stanavoy mountains, in Sibe-
ria, to Luy-Choo—about 2000. The whole is computed to
contain 1,298,000 square miles. A large proportion of this
immense area, however, consists of colonies, unproductive
tracts, and vast deserts, extending from China Proper, to the
north west, as far as the border of Russia in Asia ; and
though these are far more extensive than China itself, they
are vastly inferior in value, and are but thinly peopled, by
predatory tribes, over whom the distant government can
scarcely maintain any effectual control. The entire popula-
tion of the empire is computed at nearly 400 millions. Lying
between lat. 20 deg. 30 min. and 53 deg. north, this vast ter-
ritory is much diversified in climate, as well as in the produc-
tions of the soil. On this subject the Rev. Charles Gutzluff,
one of the most distinguished historians of China, eloquently
remarks:—

" The Chinese empire presents the greatest variety in its
possessions. Let us compare the dessert of Cobi, with the
fertile plains of Keang-nan Province ; the inhospitable regions
of Mantchouria, and Mongolia, and the sultry tracts of
Kwang-tung, and Zun-nan, with the bare Steppes of the
northern and western parts, where scarcely a shrub grows,
and the southern provinces, overgrown with jungle and
abounding in primitive forests. There are extensive flats,
where not a drop of water is to be found, where not a grain
of corn grows ; and there are swampy regions of great extent
adorned with verdant fields, richly irrigated, where not a sin-
gle spot is left uncultivated. The productiveness of the cen-
tral provinces exceed all belief; but in other parts, despite
of perseverance and hard labour, nothing can be produced.
We meet witll plains several hundred miles in extent, and
again with mountainous territories, which strongly remind
us of Switzerland. 'Whole provinces exhibit nothing but the
habitation of man, one house joins another, hamlet follows
hamlet, village runs into village, and long cities spring up as
by enchantment; whilst in other parts scarcely a hut of a
solitary shepherd is to be seen, villages and cities are entirely
unknown, and the footsteps of a human being is scarcely to
be found. Here we see the unwearied husbandman, inces-
santly employed in the cultivation of his ground ; there we
perceive thousands of boats covering the surface of rivers,
and numerous junks plying backwards and forwards on the
coast and crowding the harbours ; and in other parts we find
the lazy nomades driving their cattle and substituting the
camel for the junk and river boat. In some districts we may
observe the hardy mountaineer gaining a scanty subsistence
by hunting and delving in the bowels of the earth ; or dis-
cover the roving Mantchoo, in search of the Gin-seng ; whilst
in other districts a wild beast_ is unknown, and sport is as
little practicable as skating in the Indian Archipelago.
Such are the varied features of the " Celestial Empire,"
which, however, (we allude more particularty to China Pro-
Ber,) is perhaps the most fertile of all the Asiatic countries.
ut though the climate is diversified and the productions
numerous, the latter are inadequate to supply the wants of a
superabundant population, notwithstanding the industry and
skill of the peasantry, who constitute the greater number, in
the cultivation of the soil, an art in which they are scarcely
surpassed by the most advanced nations of Europe. On
this account, a war with this country, which has hitherto
supplied China with a variety of requisite articles, would in
all probability be of short duration, as his Celestial Majesty,
who is not unconscious of the advantages of commerce,
though he hedges it round with restrictions, would find him-
self compelled to yield to expediency what he would others
wise feel inclined to refuse. We now come to the most im-
portant, the commercial and sea-board portion of the empire.
CHINA PROPER, _ _ _

ra---11, N- -..

Is situated between the 18th and 41st parallel of north lati-
tude, and the 98th and 123rd of east longitude. Its length,
in a northerly and southerly direction, has been computed at
little short of 2000 miles ; its breath is irregular, and is
stated to be about 1500 miles, and its area 1,298,000 square
miles. The population is about 360,442,000, upon an arable
area, according to the latest calculations of about 141,622,860
English acres. It is bounded on the north by Mangolia and
Mantchooria from which it is separated by the Great Wale ;
on the south by the Chinese sea, Birmah and Laos ; on the
east by the Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, and the Eastern
Ocean ; and on the west by Thihet, Little Bulihavia, and
Turkestan. It preSents a sea coast to the eastward of about
3000 miles in extent, including gulphs, bays, &c., and has
many fine harbours and available creeks. Wherever the
coast is mauntainous, the proximate ocean is studded with
islands, which appear barren at a distance, but oil a nearer
approach are found to be verdant and productive. The
eastern parts of the country are much lower than the wes-
tern, from the inland altitudes, sloping gradually towards the
sea, and it is truly remarked by Gutzlaff that " no country
is so admirably adapted, from its situation, climate, and soil
to feed so many millions of men." Notwithstanding the
great diversity that exists, in some points, in the Chinese
empire, in no country is there so much sameness as in China
Proper. There is one language, one character to express
ideas,—similarity of manners, rites, pursuits, and thoughts."
He adds, that the sameness of the Chinese mind extends to
all their work. Cities, temples, fields, &c. are, with slight
alterations alike over the empire :" Yet he remarks : " The
grandeur of the natural scenery is, in many parts of China,
as striking as in any country in the world. Mountains,
crags, rivulets, and valleys, both• picturesque and romantic,
arc found in most of the provinces."
It is remarkable that, not long after the delifge, the cele-
brated founder of the Hea dynasty surveyed and engraved
the maps of the nine districts into which he divided it upon
nine brazen vessels, which were kept in the palace, as a pal-
ladium of the empire. The map is still extant, though rude
and imperfect ; and, from the course of the rivers and the
outline of the coast differing widely from their present posi-
tion, it is supposed that China has undergone considerable
changes during the lapse of 3,000 years.
The Chinese, it is supposed, (and there are historical re-
cords to bear out the supposition,) are branches of the Mon-
gols, who, as population extended, spread themselves over
the vast regions now distinguished by the name of China.*
From an early period they carried on an intercourse with
foreign nations. It is recorded in their annals that 2.000
years B. c. islanders brought, as tribute (or gifts), flowered
garments to the court of China. There are many other re-
cords of its antiquity which are deemed authentic by histo-
rical students. Amongst others, it is stated by the late ex-
cellent Dr. Morrison, in the Chinese Repository, that 121
years a. c. " the Emperor of China sent able ambassadors
to the different mercantile countries." China was then pro-
bably the greatest empire in extent and civilisation in the
world ; but while the western nations have advanced, she
has almost stood still, if not in some points retrograded.
We, however, concur with the Rev. Mr. Reed, the editor of
" China Opened," in the conclusion of his introductory re-
marks. He says :—" Weighing all the good and had quali-
ties of the respective (eastern) nations in an impartial scale,
we do not hesitate to award to the Chinese the palm of supe-
riority over all other Asiatics ; but comparing the whole
mass with the inhabitants of Europe in the present age, we
look with veneration to the spirit of improvement which has
constituted the latter the umpires of the world. Once they
were upon a par; they even fell beneath the Chinese ; but
now they have risen to a height almost to dazzle the Asiatic
e e."
Of the interior topography of the country less is known
than of the sea coast. A large portion is. represented as
mountainous and sterile; there arc vast alluvial plains, and
also fertile vallies watered by noble rivers. The Yang-tze-
Keang is considered the largest river in Asia. It has a
course of 2,281 miles, and there are many cities, towns and
vallies on its banks, which are of rich alluvial deposit. It
disembogues itself some distance to the eastward of Nan-
King, and is, at its estuary, from 15 to 20 miles in width.
This river is, by means of canals, connected with nearly the
whole empire, and is the quay to China and Central Asia.
We find it remarked in " China Opened," a most valuable
work—" If there had been as much attention bestowed upon
the Yang-tsze-Kang, as there is upon the Nigro, (in Africa)
we might already have discovered, by means of this river,
a passage to Bengal and Birmah. When China is open to
European enterprise, steam-boats will ply on its surface and
transface the blessings of civilization throughout all China.'
The Hwang-ho, or Yellow River, is next in magnitude,
and higher in celebrity, it being held in the same veneration
by the Chinese as is the Nile by Egyptians. It is further to
the northward than the Yellow River, and its length from its
source, (which is not yet satisfactorily defined,) is computed
to be 1984 miles. Both these rivers have thrown out im-
mense alluvial banks into the sea to a distance of many
miles, some of them forming islands ; and both frequently,
in spite of the erection of immense embankments, inundate
the lower levels of the country.
The Cheo-Keang, which disembogues itself at Canton, in
the southern coast, takes its rise in Yun-narr, and its length
is computed at 600 miles. There are also several other
rivers, minor, yet of great magnitude ; and many large lakes
(one of them of 220 miles in circumference) on the borders
of which vegetation is luxuriant. The Chinese have (we
learn from Gutzlaff and others) greatly improved the
advantages furnished by their rivers for irrigation and
inland .navigation, by the formation of canals. The Great
Canal is about 660 miles in length—a lasting monu-
ment of Kublais' enterprise and perseverance, is called
Yun.ho, Transit River, or Yu-ho, Imperial River. It
crosses two of the principal rivers named, as well as others,
and serves as a highway for all sorts of river boats, being
connected with smaller canals. Its sluices and dykes are
admirably constructed. By means of this canal and the
junction of two small rivers, a water communication is made
good between Peking and Canton. The whole empire is
thus connected, and both transportation and the irrigation
of the rice fields is greatly facilitated.
It is remarked, in " China Opened," that the climate of
China in general may be said to be salubrious, without the
vigour of northern regions, and the enervating influence of
the south.

China Proper is divided into eighteen provinces, and these
are again subdivided into counties, districts, &c. The fol-
lowing are the principal, with their extent and population.
In the first Pekin is situated :

Square miles. Inhabitants.
Pechelee
Keeang-soo
Keang-see 27,000 30,426,999
Fuh-keen
Che-Keang
Sze-Chuen 175,600 21, [35,678
Kwan„,,r-tung, (Canton) 97,100 19,174,030
Hoopih, Honan, and Shantung are also rich provinces. The
others are but little known to Europeans. The general pro-
duce is tea, rice, (the common food of the inhabitants,) silk,
millet, vegetables, &c. The most valuable article, for 10-
reign export at least, is the first, which has given employment
for a long period to the finest ships in our mercantile marine.
The tea plant, called by the Chinese " Cha," is a shrub of