The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-01-04 00:00:00

THE MINISTERIAL RE-ELECTIONS.

There is nothing particularly striking in the addresses
which the candidates for re-election to Parliament have
made to their respective constituencies, but we subjoin
extracts of the most interesting.
In appealing to the electors of Carlisle, Sir James
Graham says :—" I am about to act with those who re.
pealed the Tests and Corporation Acts, who emancipated
the Catholics, who abolished slavery throughout the
British dominions, who passed the Reform Act, who ra-
pealed the Corn Laws, and who, at length, have finally
succeeded in establishing Free Trade as the rule of our
future commercial policy. In a Cabinet so led and so
constructed the past is the surest earnest of the future.
What has been done we shall steadily maintain. What
remains to be done we shall endeavour to accomplish by
cautious but progressive reforms, based on a desire to im-
prove the condition, to extend the education, and to en-
large the liberty, both civil and religious, of the great
body of the people."
In his address to the electors of South Wilts, Mr.
Sidney -Herbert says, " I still believe, as I have always
done, that in the maintenance of public credit, in the pro-
motion of the comfort of all classes of the community, in
the dissemination of sound education, and in the advance-
ment of well-considered reforms in all departments of the
state, lies the best security for the permanent conservation
of our institutions."

On Saturday, the following returns were made without
opposition :—Sir W. Molesworth, Southwark; Right Hon.
E. Strutt, Nottingham ; Right lion. Sir James Graham.
Carlisle ; Earl of Mulgrave, Scarborough ; Hon. W. Cow-
per, Hertford. Sir George Grey was also returned for
Morpeth, in the room of Captain Howard.
The elections for Halifax and Tiverton took place yes-
terday ; and to-day the following will take place :—City
of London, Lord John Russell : University of Oxford,
Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone; Wolverhampton, Hon. C.
P. Villiers ; Brighton, Lord A. Harvey ; Leeds, Right
Hon. M. T. Baines ; Lichfield, Lord A. Paget ; Marl-
borough, Lord Ernest Bruce; City of Gloucester, Admiral
Berkeley. To-morrow : Southampton, Sir A. E. J. Cock-
burn. Thursday : Aylesbury, Mr. R. Bythell, Q.C. The
elections for South Wilts, and for the Irish and Scotch
counties and boroughs made vacant, are not yet fixed.
Besides these, writs have also been moved for the following
places : County of Cavan, Sir J. Young ; Scotch boroughs,
Right Hon. J. Moncrieff ; Dumfriesshire, Lord Druordan-
rig ; County of Limerick, Mr. W. Monsell ; Borough of
Carlow, Mr. John Sadlier ; City of Lichfield, Lord Alfred
Paget; and Haddingtonshire, Hon. F. Charteris.
It is said that Mr. Gladstone will be opposed at Oxford
University by the Marquis of Chandos ; Sir A. Cockburn,
at Southampton, by Mr. B. Cochrane ; and Admiral
Berkeley, at Gloucester, by Mr. Hope.
In consequence of Sir W. P. Wood, M.P. for Oxford,
being appointed Vice-Chancellor, in the room of Lord
Cranworth, made Lord Chancellor, a vacancy has occurred
in the representation of that city, of which Mr. Cardwell
has availed himself, and ,has issued the following address
to the electors :

" Gentlemen,—Sir William Page Wood has been ap-
pointed a Vice. Chancellor, and his place in parliament is
vacant. You cannot but receive with regret the intelli-
gence which separates you from so faithful a servant, but
I think you will recognise in his appointment a determi-
nation on the part of the Queen's ministers to place on
the judicial bench those who are best qualified to discharge
the solemn duties of that high trust.

" For more than 20 years I have enjoyed the personal
friendship of many most respected citizens of Oxford,and
I venture to believe that my political opinions are in uni-
son with those of a majority of the electors.

" Those opinions hive been recorded in former parlia-
ments, and, in the hope that I may obtain your approba-
tion, I would wish to refer to the votes which I have given
in favour of free-trade, of civil and religious liberty, of
Protestant education, and generally of all those measures
which have tended to remove oppressive taxes and to pro-
mote the public good.

" The Reform Act was passed when I was a resident in
Oxford ; and my earnest approbation of that change was
always openly expressed. The act of 1846, which abolished
the tax upon corn, was contested in parliament when I
was a member of the House of Commons, holding office
under Sir R. Peel ; I appeal to your decision whether the
happy condition of this country, while every other coun-
try of Europe has been disturbed, may not, under Divine
Providence, be attributed to the conjoint and beneficial
operation of those great measures ; and whether the policy
by which they are directed may not, therefore, be re-
garded as at once resolute and enlightened—at once Con-
servative and Liberal. The authors of the Reform Act
are associated in the present government with the survi-
ving colleagues of Sir R. Peel, and I have accepted office
with the confident belief that the policy of the cabinet will
be animated by a spirit of progressive reform.
" The controversies which have occupied the last ten
years are now finally set at rest. To place upon a sound
foundation the public finance ; to promote the extension
of knowledge,i
toincrease the comforts of the community;
and b atlnunister the affairs of the nation in accordance

with the dictates of enlightened public opinion ; to secure
the freedom and purity of elections to parliament ; in a
word, to maintain the honoured institutions of the king-
dom in continual harmony with the growing intelligence
of the age ;—to these objects, if you shall intrust me with
your confidence, I engage, whether in or out of office, to
devote myself with all the assiduity in my power.
" I have the honour to be. gentlemen, your most
obedient servant, " EDWARD CARDWELL.
" Whitehall-gardens, 28th December, 1852."
On 'Wednesday Mr. Cardwell met the electors at the
Town-hall, and addressed the meeting, which was a very
crowded one, for upwards of an hour, in a speech which
was an expansion of his address. Mr. Cardwell took a
review of the progress of the nation in well-being under a
free-trade and reforming government—which aimed at
removing taxation, not shffting it. 'When called upon to
give his opinion respecting the ballot, Mr. Cardwell de-
clared that he would not pledge himself to vote for it, or
for anything else, being determined to enter parliament
free and unfettered ; but that, in common with every other
measure of reform that might be brought forward by the
Queen's administration and the reforming government of
which he was a member, the ballot should receive his best
consideration. He had suffered much from bribery, at
Liverpool and elsewhere ; and when the ballot came before
the House of Commons, he, if a member of it, would re-
member what he had promised at Oxford, and the senti-
ments of his constituents. After several speakers of
extreme Radical views had delivered their sentiments, Mr.
Nathaniel Castle proposed and Mr. Alderman Spiers
seconded, that Mr. Cardwell was a fit and proper person
to represent the city of Oxford in parliament. To this an
amendment was proposed and seconded by the Radicals,
that, in the opinion of the meeting, no candidate should
be supported who would not vote for the ballot. A general
show of hands was made in favour of this amendment ; but
it is the opinion of the best informed that Mr. Cardwell
will be returned. The meeting lasted for nearly four hours.
The day of election is fixed for this day (Tuesday).

HORTICULTURE.

OPERATIONS FOR THE WEEK

Stove, Conservatory, Greenhouse, &c.—Few gardeners
can remember a worse season than that just passed for
plants in houses ; the dull, sunless, damp days, have had
their natural effect upon vegetation, which has suffered
accordingly. Mildew has defied all remedial measures in
the conservatory and greenhouse, and the stove plants
have become, in most cases, sadly etiolated ; the only
remedy for this evil is, in the former case, to give plenty
of air wherever it is practicable, and in the latter, to place
the plants as near the glass as possible, frequently turning
them round, so that all parts receive their due proportion
of light ; besides this, take care not to raise the tempera-
ture too high, especially at night, when there should
always be a diminution of at least 5 deg. over the day
temperature. If proper care has been taken, the con-
servatory should now display considerable attractions.

Flower and Kitchen-Gardens.—ln this department
the continuance of wet prevents any other operation than
pruning being carried on beneficially ; respecting this
latter operation, we present our readers with the following
valuable suggestion from the Gardeners' Journal:—

Tree Nailing.—Anciong the common operations of
gardening practice there cannot be said to be more urgent
necessity for change and improvement than in the general
system of nailing and fixing trees to walls and other

permanent buildings. It is rather astonishing that the
old system of using cloth bandages and nails should be
kept so long in practice, when it is considered that there
is scarcely one feature in the system to recommend its
continued adoption. It will seldom be found an easy
matter to draw iron nails from the wall without doing
considerable damage to the bricks or unfixing the mortar
between them; this hole-making system is attended with
many disadvantages, not only defacing the wall, but
forming the hiding place and safe retreat for a countless
number of insects ; and every gardener is acquainted
with the fact, that often the finest fruit of the peach and
other stone fruits, that look tempting and lovely on the
side exposed to the sun, when taken from the wall are
found to contain a busy broad that have eaten their way
to the centre of the fruit, rendering the fruit entirely
useless, only to be thrown to the ground and pressed
under foot, for the certain destruction of its inmates. I
may mention a system that was adopted at the place
where I am employed, in the meantime, which, I think,
goes far to obviate the evils above stated. The wall had
been in use a considerable time for peaches, and taking into
account the amount of summer nailing, spring pruning,
drawing the nails, and again nailing, it will be found
that the peach wall suffers to a greater extent than other
walls. The fact is, I have seen the peach and apricot
walls so much damaged by a long process of nail-driving
and drawing, as to allow the smoke to escape from a flued
wall ; this is anything but desirable, especially while the
trees are in blossom. But the present case was different,
as it was not a flued wall, but the trees were taken from
the wall while it underwent a thorough repair, entirely on
the score of neatness of appearance, as it formed the
boundary of the principal wall leading to the mansion ;
after filling all the crevices with mortar, pointing and
squaring the bricks, cast-iron nails were procured—what,
I believe, are termed lathe nails, about an inch in length,
which can be had at any ironmongery establishment ;
when the mortar was dry enough to receive the nails, they
were fixed in at regular distances, forming lines each way ;
the surface was then washed over with cement, which may
be of any colour, as taste may dictate; the trees were then
tied back, and hen finished presented a much neater ap-
pearance than when fixed to their places with different
coloured cloth shreds, as before. And on the score of
economy, these nails do not require to be again replaced,
while it is very evident more than half the time is saved, a
consideration not trifling in gardening matters, when it is
borne in mind that the pressing operations of spring make
a demand on all hands, making nailing, as a matter of
course, a by-job, to be done when the ground is frozen,
or perhaps too wet to allow the men to work it. But I
am strongly of opinion, if anything can be done to lessen
the time spent in nailing, it would he much to the pre-
sent comfort and future health of those so occupied.
This system led to the adoption of another, which I think
is still preferable. On a wall which is kept expressly for
plums the same work was done, with the difference only
that instead of nails, drilled circular-headed studs or
hooks were used, which cost but a trifle more than nails.
I would prefer them for any purpose, especially for trees
which formed a stroneer growth of wood than peaches
do, and would have them no larger than just admit the
tie to get through their heads. It occurs to me that this
would be a very neat and judicious plan for training
flower garden plants, shrubs, or climbers, against orna-
mental buildings. How clumsy it appears to put cloth
shreds around the slender branches of a trailing plant, or
to crush within the shred the leaves of those plants, the
branches of which are covered with foliage. Over stone
buildings lines of wire would be preferable, and it is rather
surprising that such materials should not be oftener found
in use. It is not costly, especially when compared with
the clumsy system of driving nails into valuable walis of
wrought stone work.—B. C. E.