The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-01-09 00:00:00

CAN ADA.

(From the Statistical Joarnql, No. 4.)

As the affairs of Canada excite at the pregent moment great
public slummy, we are induced to extract the following informa-
tMn, relating to the Upper and Lower Provinces, from an Ad-
dress on the legislative union of Upper and Lower Canada,
published about four months ago by the Constitutional Associ-
ation of Montreal. We confine ourselves exclusively to the
statistical portion of the document, omitting the political deduc-
tions contained in it.

The actual population of tie Iwo provinces, and their rate of
increase are illustrated by the following detaiis:—

TA PULAR VIEW OF THE POPCLATIoN OF RUTH PROVINCES _
AND ITS RATE OF INCREASE.. •
RATE OF INCREASE IN THr. GkNERAI. POPULATION 01, LOWER
CANADA, FROM 1796 To 1836_INCI.CsIVE.

In 1760, the population of the undivided province
was

Increase,

1784, Ditto 113000
1815, the population of Lower Canada, by a
• - - corrected census' say 4SO 000
18.31, the population of Lower Canada, bv•cen-
• sns of this sear, was 511,917 61 917
1836, the population of Lower Canada sto,
posed to be 6;11.1:60 89,581
Increase in -6 vests, roan 1825 to 1831, of Lower
,Catrailit•
Dn. in 5 years, 1831 to 1836, of Lower Ca-
,
General rate, trio 1825 In ustir.), hoiver Coos-
da. 11 years
Average increase fioin teo, I ,.;
Canada, per annum
Do. increase from iiB4 to 1825, of Lower
Canada-, per auu,nn
Do. increase from 1825 to 18.31, of Lower
Canada, per annum
Do. increase from 1831 to 1836 of Lower
•• Canada per annum
From 1764/ to 1835 the population tias dounied itself 34- times
in Lower -Canada. -Taking the corrected census relians in
1825. and those of 1831, and the generally supposed population
in December, 18.36, the population of 1..,,wer Cauaua would ap-
pear to double itself in `29 .years only.

48,000

337,000

17 2 sths.

10,319

KATE OP INCREASE IN TNG GENERAL POPULATION OF UPPER

CANADA. FRoM THit; YEAH 1821 To 18:36 INcLusivE.
In 1824 149.301
- .18'25 .. 156.8:16 I ncrea3e 7,535
18'26 164.7t13 7,815
1827 . . 165,128 • . . 1 U.4'_'J
1828 • . .. 11.217
• 1829 196.704 .. 10 359
•• • 1830 • 211,569 .. 14.860
1831 .. • 231,681 . 23 314
1832 • .. 260 994 27.311
'1833 .. 296 870 .. 25,878
183,1 .. 3211,735 .. 23,835

346.165
315 UOU

25.430
28.835

Merage increase from 182-1 to 1828., per an. 9.261
1828 to 1832 .. 18.661
18:32 to 1836 .. 28.212
Gen. average ineroage 182-1 141.183 ... 18.712
onparin, the census of 1821 with that of 1833, and that of
1828 with that of 18:36, it appears that the population of Upper
Canada has of late rinoWerl in about nine ry ara,which, CUM..
rated with the population of Lower Canada, is to the propor-
;ion of lem•. than one third.

'fhe general average increase of Lower Canada. per annum..
1825 to J 8,36. is 16,0'29—being less than the annual increase
of Upper Canada by 2,68:3.
• By the Provincial Act of are 9th of George IV., 37 counties
return two representatives each, and 3 return one each, to the
Prov!sion,triegislatute: of these counties 5 are incut.led in that
portion of the province demoninateit the Eastern Townships,
it'int; settled almost entirely by inbahitanrs of Ltritish
origin return two members of Ow ace, lint in the reinaini;er the
inhabitants of French origin preponderate so greatly that the
representation is almoa exclusively French Canadian, or In
support or French Canadian views.
The provisional representation of Lower Canada is at present
90 Melt% 6-erS, CO whom abort one eighth, or 11 in number, repre-
sent the wants of toe tub:too:mix of British
Th. census of 1831 esiimatod the whole provincial population
at 511,917, and stated the number of Roman Catholics to be
403,472, leaving, therefore, 108.445 to be protestants, none of
whom could be of French origin.
Of the catholics, tt is teasonahly estimated that 50,000 are of
British origin, and the statement must therefore be satisfactory
that in 1831 the total ntlinher of inhabitants of British origin
was 158,01)0, whilst that of French origin was 353.000.
Assuming, therefore that the increase from 18.1.1 to 1836 has
raised the aggregate number to 601) 0t)0, the difference will he
89)JSl ; hat it is notorious that the fixed population of the pro-
vince. not only goff.-rtoi great mortality from Asiatic cholera,
in the years 18.32 and 1831, but that during that period, aad
especially miring the past two years, it has been tnuch reducer!
by the emigration of French Canadian )ouiti to the territor es
of the United States, whilst it is equally well known, front au-
thentic sources, that, in the neriod of five years above mentioned,
105.000 etni7rants have arrived at Quebec from the mother
country. of whom it is calculated that 35,0(X1 have settled in
Lower Canada ; the natural increase of the whole provincial
population would thus only be 54,081, which, divided between
the two races, in the proportion of 158 to 353. would augment
the ntnnher of inhabitants of French origin to nearly 390,000
souls; and those of British origin to nearly 175,000; to which
being added the amount of settlers by emigration, say 35.0(X),
the total ntorther of the latter would he. 210,000, and the aogre-
vt, proportion of the two races, therefore, is as 210:000 to
390,(,XX) in round numbers.

A cur.ory examination of the preceding ca'culat7on hosys
that not only the increaqe of the inhabitants of British origin
in Ltivrer Canada extreinety rapid, lint that it is in a very much
greater proportion than that of the inhabitants of Fren,h

. .
In whlition to the informltion eontlined in the hern,•e-men.

tinned 'address relative to the pooulation of Canada, we sobioin
the following particulars:-13y the census of 1831 the population
of Lower Canada is thus classified. The number of proprietors
of real property uiv-o 57 .Sgt_ and the extent of land occu-
pied bra them at 3,9,:11,793 stag*, acres. The ...pbor of pergins
twin_ in 1831, who were deaf and dumb, is stated. to have been
408, the blind 331, and the insane 921. The number of ionit-
lottants-proressino the Roman catholic fAth, iii7lB3l, is given
(as befOre stated) at 403.472; the persons in connexion with
the church of Eng:lend were 31,620; those belonging to the
church of Scotland amounted to 15,069. There were only 107
Jews ; the remainder of the population were methodists, baptists,
presbyterians. nit in connexion with the church of Scotland,
and tither sects. The number of families emptoyed in agrieni-
tore was 50.821, employing among them as farm servants only
7,602 persons. There trete in the same year (1831) 2,5(13 faint-
pursuits,' and 1,282 persons subsist-
lies engaged in commercial
inv on alms. The number of inhabited houses is stated to have
'been B'2 437—the number tieing built 1,458, and the vacant
1,512; making a total of of 85,437.
The total signeurial population of the county population,
according to the census of tiezt
r-,rt, was 385.417. and the total of
the township population 52 695, The seven counties from
Qttawa to Magantic, inclusive, either contain a majority or
consist exclusively of population resident in townships. GaspA
and Bonayenture are inhabited hr a very mixed population,
chiefly engaged in the fisheries. In the rest of the counties
the major part of the
poutual ion is signeurial. '('he inhabitant
of the se .ignenries may, for general purposes, be reckoned
as French by origin.; the inhabitants of the townships as
English.
'['he total of the township popolation is not, however, 2.1 be
taken as the total of the Population of British descent. The
numbers interspersed with the nopolation or French descent
are variously estimated troth 50 000 to 80,000 souls, of whom
from 20.000• to 3/ 000 are in the cities and towns. The re-
mainder are dispersed about the country;
d cities),but alWays overborne
(as in towns an
with the exception, perhaps, of Bean-
harnois, by majorities of French origin. In the county of '1 iso
Mountains, and behind the seigneuries on the north hank-of
the St. Laurence. perhaps the inhabitants of British descent
may tw (mind sufficiently condensed to claim, under another
rule of division, to form separate electoral districts; but in
general they are sn dispersed as scarcely to make it possible for
their influecce to be felt in elections, except•by the adoption of
some novel principle.
A table relative to the state of representation of Lower Ca-
nada is given in the appendix to the report of the Canada com-
missioners. At the time thst table was drawn up, the !mother
of ropresentatives in the House of Assembly was 88. The cities
and boroughs sent Tilt iv. 'her II representatives to the assem-
blv, and all tlt'e cenntie
R, with the exception of Montmorency,
Drommond, and Megantie, sent two representatives each to
the House a As,,,thlY: The three just-mentioned tamuties
sent one representative rite!), their population being in 1331
muter 4.0(X). By the Provincial Art, settling the representa-
tion of the province. it is enacted that all counties should have
two 'members whose population at the time of the passing of
the act atnounted to 4,000 or upwards ; and that those under
4010 should have one member only tint!l they attained that
number. The enmity of Megantic is the only one that now re-
mains entitled to no more than one member.
It is stated in the address of the, Constitntional Associa-
tion, that in the period of five years, from 1831, the number
of emigrants who arrived at Quebec front the mother coun-
try was 125,000, of whom it is calculated, that 35.000 have
seilled in Lower Canada; thus showing that the greater pro-
portion of the emigrants only made use of Lower Canada as
a country of transit. From 08'29 to 1825. both inclusive, the
total number of emigrants who arrived at Quebec was 211,159.
Of these 53 2.52 Pattie from England and Wales, 26 816 from
Scotland. and 128-,578 from Ireland, making a total .1.258.601
.emiv,...nts from the tinted kinedom. The majority of the emi-
grants pissed to tbe Upper Province. and some proceeded to
the United States. - The bomber of Actual settlers who arrived
in the country between 18::5 and. 1831 was only 2.3.406. The
following table "hihit4 th''' amount of the births, marriages,
and deaths, in 1833 and 1831:
_ _

......... ___.
.. . .
18.33. 1831.
.Births 25.247 26.114
Marriages.. 4.788 4,598 .
Deaths 10,793 15,714
•
In the (list year the proportion of birth, to the population i 5
1 in 22,4, of marriages I in 11)7, and of death.: I in 17. In 1934
the proportion is shewo to be; hirlhß, I in 191; mart iages. 1 in
1.11.; and deaths. I in 321. 'l'he noiLhpr of men. r, mu 18 to 59
tears Of nilf, einbnelied in the militia, for the (!..•rilire of the
Lower Province. in 1833 amount,ol to 9•1337: the number of
hitt:lN/in,: was 18, of companios, I. 010; an,) of iiiiisiAeta St C.Ol
The population of the counties of the Upper Provim•e, in 1831.
was as folloWS ; 01t4Way, 6.3:-35 ; li;;weril. 25.1(5; Jolittoown.
28,061; Bathurst, `22.079;_ Midland, 41,:'32; Newcastle, 27 El:
Homo. 55 510 (inc;tidin Toronto, 9.'2521; Niiiizarii.•Z;.:-!,17 ;
Gore, 31,618; London, 38,330; Western, 12,732. Total 3.11,9'03.

hike is the I:ll,rnst body
LAKE SUPER (OR --This mi,ghty rf
fl'esh water in the known world. Its length is 4f.-10aniles, and
its breadth is 16I—its circumference about 110 mile,,, andits
depth 90t1 fathoms. Its waters are rematkable for their un-
rivalled transparency. Abent 1000 streams empty themselves
into this lake, sweeping in sand, primitive boulder stones, and
drift timber, which sometimes accumulate, so as to form islands
in the estuaries. A lignite fortration, indeed. is said to he now
in progress. Within a mile front the shore. the water is about
70 fathoms; within oioht miles, 1.'6 fathom. From the above
causes the lake is gradually filling tip.
,Oun INi.l„l,st hundred years have not elapsed
since the possessions of the East India Company were limited to
three settlements of narrow extent, inhabited toy a few hundred
Europeans„ who, old „.,reply defend thetas,- lees against pirates
and banditti, much le.ss comp.ete with the power of the native
Princes- Now "the 'Republic of Leadenhall-street" ru!es over
an empire con-pitiing one hundred millions of subjects, raises
on annual trihme of more than £3,000000, possesses an o-mv
of above 2C0:000 rank aml tile, has princes for its set vants, and
an emperor a Pensioner on its bounty. The village of Calentta
h'ls Io''"'"P the ot"troltolis.of the East; Bombay possesses more
tradegan.-a To ri in days of its glory.; and' Madras, in. spite of
its penions Snit; rivals the Commercial prosperity of Carthage.
There is no parallel to such a career in the annals of the world;
compterers. Indeed, have acquired more extensive dominions in
a shorter space of time, but they failed to establish permanent
empires—after a few years the traces of their tempestuous pas-
tags were sffaced:-411tonalon.