The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-10-28 00:00:00

LITERAL' NOTICES.

An Universal History of Christian Martyrdom ;
vri fin-
ally composed by the Rev. John Fox, M.A. - With
Notes, Commentaries, and Illustrations, by the Rev.

Milner, M.A. Liverpool : Lacy. 18.36. pp. 64.

It will he considered no mean recommendation of this
book, when we state that. the Rev. H. MiNeile recently
pronounced it, from the pulpit, to he "a work which no
Christian family should be without."' An opportunity
for obtaining possession Of it on such reasonable terms,
as those upon which Mr. Lacey now offers it to the public,
has never before occurred. It has hitherto been a scarce
book—frequently out of print—and, generally, to be met
with only in clerical libraries. But its intrinsic merits
are suelt,.as to entitle it to an instant introduction into
every family/ in Liverpool. No other work extant so
forcibly and convincingly exhibits the unalterably fero-
cious spirit of Popery, and its unmitigable hatred of the
truth, as the quaint and simple annals of Fox's Martyro-
logy. Ii is further valuable. for the striking summary
which it affords of the false doctrines, prejudices, blas-
phemies, and superstitions of the modern church of Rome.
We wish the spirited publisher every success in this un-
dertaking.

Analysis of the Bible, with Reference to the Social Du-
ties of Man. By Montgomery Martin. London :
Whittaker and Co. 1836. pp. 134.

This volume forms a very suitable present for youth,
comprising, as it does, in scriptural language, a code of
social duties. The subjects are alphabetically arranged,
and each is illustrated by an appropriate selection of
texts. The plan is capable of considerable extension, so
as to embrace our moral and religious duties, as well as
the chief truths of the Christian religion. We wish the
work a general introduction into the family circle, being
convinced that no system of morality which is not, like
the one ❑nder consideration, based upon the word of
God, can have arty durable or practical influence upon
the character.

A Second Letter to Mr. Councillor Blackburn. contain-
ing a ..4i.criptural Refutation of his " Defence of the
.System adopted in the Corporation Schools." By a
Bible Christian. Liverpool: Davenport. 1835. pp. 82.

This pamphlet contains a complete reply to the crude
nonsense contained in Counciilor Blackburn's " De-
fence." We suspect that this aspirant for fame has very
little reason to felicitate himself upon his success as a
theological gladiator ; and we sincerely hope that he at
length perceives the necessity of confining his attention
to his own proper business, instead of annoying the pub-
lic in the character of a literary quack.
The subject so ably handled in this " Letter" has been
amply discused in our columns. We venture, however,
to give the following extract, illustrative of the advan
tapes resulting from the system of instruction sanctioned
by the Church of England :

But, air, this eery Book. (lightly as you may pnssibly regard
it. and imperfect enough as it must he admitted to he.) will
afford a standing testimony against your Irish Education system;
fur here, Non have before von, an' humble individual LAYMAN
OP THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND, porlessing no one earthly ad-
vantoye or qualification whatever, except .such as he has derived
from the instruction obtained in the Schools connected with the
Estayishment. enabled, by God's help, without resorting to men,
or books, or human aid of any kind, to scatter to the four winds
all the ingen;alls crudities and laboured sophistry a hich you have
jumbled together in your " Defence" of your non-reliiiious sys-
tem ; and this, by the simple application only of the Woan use
Gan' Now, sir. I will beg you to tell me honestly, whether any
such result Omirl possihly have been produced, had the writer'
received his " religicicas jails action." (iinording to your system,)
from scraps of Scripture only, instead of the ENTIRE BIBLE ?
Or could he even have known, much less have had the requisite
experience to select and apply them, as he has been _enabled,
through the grace and mercy of God, to do in this letter? And
must be not consevently have been, (as every poor child edu-
cated in your schools unquestionably will be,) the easy dupe of
any false doctrine or erroneous Creed, which might have been
attempted to be palmed upon him, in lieu of the pure and hea-
venly doctrines of THE BLESSED GOSPEL, of JESUS CHRIST :
that Gospel, which was ushered in the world by the united
voices of the celestial choir, as "GLAD TIDINGS OP GREAT
JOY TO ALL Pi,OXLE," and the Harbinger of " pltAcs on earth,
and GOOD Wilt, towards men." Is it not manifest, then, as
the son in the firmament, that you are "sowing the wind." and,
as the reward of your laboui:s, will assuredly " REAP Tifit
ivitfacivlND."

A Chart of the Ilis•tories of Rome, France, and Britain
By Edward Ward Foster.

This is a very curious and inzenions record of the
events connected with the histories of Rome, France, and
Great Britain, with their reli-ctive dates attached. It
eaktilated to save much tiouhle, and will enable the
most cursory observer to become tolerably well acquainted
with the mitliiies of these portions of lii,tory.• We have
onlf to add that the price is extremely moderate.

A Letter to the Gorernor of the Bank of England on
the preNert State of Trade and Influence of the Bank-
ing lumtitutions of the Country/. By Henry Fair-
bairn. London : Robertgon. 1836.

This is a very sensible pomphlet on a subject which is
from day to day assuming tt snore untie and important
aspect—the commercial and monetary concerns of the
manufacturing. dish icts of the countrt'. The following
remarks will be read with peculiar interest :

JoINT stocs SPECULATIoNS.
"The late speculations in railways have also treated mud)
very false alarm. These speculations, upon general principles,
have been certainly of a most erroneous kind; and the gambling,
swindling, perjury, bribery, and conuptions of every descrip-
tionwhich have been witnessed in the late parliamentary sea-
Finn, are worthy of every possible condemnations- but still their
influence upou the general monetary affairs uf the nation have
been of an entirely unimportant kind. For these rompanies—
whose shales have been the principal objects of ittentiim during
the last few months of the excitement upon the Stock Exchange
—have only been possessed of one-tenth or iaetttlti, part of the
money of the subscribers—as appearing in the flaming prospec-
tuses of millions !won millions, whirl) they all put forth. £l,
£2. £5. and very rarely Elll per share, is all that is vet paid
upon account of these schemes. And allowing the entire num-
ber of the railways to have ultimately required about £lo,ooo,tatll
capital, and the paid-up capital to lie now even as much as LIU
per cent. upon the whole stork of the companies in the market,
then about £4,0(10,000 is seen to be the full amount of the money
which has been passing and re-passing in the speculative tran-
sactions of the'se iailway shares.. When at the satire tittle many
hundreds of millions are beirg equally the subject of specula-
ton in the. British and foreign funds, which rise and fall, and
cause lost and gain to thousands of persons in every hour of the
nay, it ittlP;trthat these four additional millions are of, small
amount amidst the entire operations of the monetary world.
Then this root,
the manufaetur" was well known to bare come nriticipally front
so large within Thgptlistricts, where the accumulation has been
ma,tl,•,.set.thrve years that capital is now seen to
superabound;
vested in these extraneito:lppears that four or store millions in-
detraction from the ,speculatins, form but a
it is all understood in wad; "I the part ot the country, whence)
wasted to the speculators, atKtn,d,, all",winc the th""e'v to be an
racters who will gain it it the fititti)r. the hands of thee clot-
s should all burst d la.
blown away, as in every probability ti
not then annihilated ; it has ony tak„,.:4e,..Y:"i11, yet the capital is
fools to the hands of the xiigue,,;
and,
,e,..,,,,fl„!?lntvheptlt
gether, yet, when we have lost, without .„?.„"baihilated alto-

fifty or sixty .trillions in loans to foreign nations within so very
short a number or years, the additional loss of four millions in
railways at home is e%idently of no importance whatsoever in a
national point of view."

feto Words to the Merchants and Manufacturers of
Lancashire and Yorkshire. By Mercator.
• From this pamphlet we extract the following passage,
explanatory of the
,author's views of the proper cinsti-
tut ion of a bank fur the manufacturing, districts:—
. "Let us assume the formation of one general bank of issue
and deposit, having its head quarters in Manchester, with
branches (if thought desirable) in Liverpool, Preston, Leeds,
Sheffield, and Birmingham.
"That its capital be £5,000,000, in 50,1)00 shares of £lOO
each, the whole value of each share being paid up. -
"That business be nut commenced untit at least one-fourth
of the capital shall have been subscribed.
"That all joint stock banks and private bankers be invited
to become proprietors of stock.
"That the company do issue notes payable at the head office,
or at the branch whence issued.

"That without interfering in the business of discount between
joint stock banks and their customers, the bank should held it-
self in readiness, to enter into contracts for re. discount, by means
of its circulation'vlith such other banks as do not themselves is-
sue paper, giving a preference both as to amount and rate of
interest to such as are proprietors of the bank stock.
"That a weekly exchange of notes be established with all
other banks of issue,.except the Bank of England, and the ba-
lances paid iu cash or Exchequer Bills.
"That permanent deposits be received at a fixed rate of
interest, and current accounts kept for individuals leaving
balances free of interest.

"That the bank publish quarterly returns of its liabilities and
assets, together with au annual list of shareholders.
" Thatthe'bank do act as agent for other banks."

The Musical World. Nos. 31 and 32. London :
No-
vello.

This interesting and spirited periodical cannot fail in
commanding an extensive circulation, if cheapness be
any attraction. It is- published weekly, at the moderate
charge-of threepe►iee ;, and comprises a great deal of
very interest►ng reading, which will be as much appreci-
ated by the musical amateur as by the profeSsion. One
of the numbers before us contains a letter from Mrs. No-
vello on the last moments of Malibran. The following
is the concluding paragraph

" Thus died this incomparable, this wonderfully gifted woman,
That her husband could be either ungenerous or unkind I do
not ►,elieve. During the Whole of her illness I witnessed his
assiduous attention to her every wish. With the tenderness of
a woman he combined' the fonaness of the lover; chafing her
hands and feet. administering her medicine, and murmuring a
thousand grateful endearments to soothe and console her. •

" It b%as.rentarked that he did not hang round her while she
was ill in. the- ante-route; but softie husbands are chary of de-
monstrating affection in public. They hold it too sacred a feel-
ing for digital,; but, in proportion, are prodigal of love even to
idolatry when *lone wit.h the,beloved object; and never have I
suet with a wontan.in capable of inspiring a lasting and intense
passion as his matchless wife. So beautiful and playful, so full
of genius,' devotion;atid disinterestedness—her very faults had
charms, for if she uttered an isnpatieut word her' sweet smile, the
pressure of her hand instantly atoned, and you felt to love her
better then ever. She was indeed a realisation of the poet's
dream of female perfection, a specimen of nature's handywork,
excelling the utmost imagining of fiction."

IMPORTANT 'IMPROVEMENT N THE LOCOMO-
TIVE STEAM-ENGINE. -

Messrs. R. and W. Hawthorn, the eminent engineers of
this town, have just completed, for the Newcastle and Carlisle
Railway Company, a new locomotive steam-engine, to which
has been given the popular name of " The Tyne." The en-
gine is estimated at a power of about forty horses. Those con-
versant with mechanical subjects know, however, that the usual
mode of computing such machines no more affords a criterion
of their effective working power than the real tonnage of a ship
trau be Indged of by its registered al►neasuren►ent. The ma-
chinery of " The Tvne" was put into nperation at the extensive
works of Messrs.' 'Hawthorn, on Wednesday, a large party of
ladies and gentlemen having been invited to witness its first per-
formance. The company, amounting to eighty or ninety, in-
cluded many engineers, architects, and others familiar with
mechanical subjecs. These scientific gentlemen had been at-
tracted to the spot -from a desire to examine a new and vastly
improved arrangement, invented by Messrs. Hawthorn, of the
baud-gearing for working that portion of the mechanism called
the side valves. To the general reader it may he necessary to
explain that these valves are situated under the body of the
engine. Their construction, much less their operation, cannot,
therefore, he seen when Ibis. machinery is at work tin a railway.
Even if they could be 'seen, the mere spectator would have little
chance of examining this beautiful mechanical contrivance,
becatiee the engine, at every stroke of the piston, would recede
further from his view. To engineers, this explanation may be
unnecessary, but it will not be so considered by nineteen-
twentieths of newspaper readers. During the trial of the ma-
chine on Wednesday, the usual plan of suspending the body of
the engine on beams, so that the wheels were clear of the
ground, was,. of course, adopted. The most uninitiated in
scientific subjects will thus, at once, comprehend that in all
trials of this description the machinery performs its evolutions,
whilst the engine ►tself remains stat►onary. The performance
was highly satisfactory, and the numerous scientific gentlemen
present expressed their unqualified admiration of the improve-
ment effected in the construction of " The Tyue." The work-
ing of the side valves, to the machinery appertaining to which
the improvement is confined, is a highly-important portion of
locomotiYe machinery. This will be apparent to the reader
when we state that by it the motion of the engine is recer.ed—
the u►achine being made to run backwards or forwards on the
rails, as circumstances may require. Upon the facility afforded
to the engineer, not only of stopping the engine, but also of
turning back. when either to advance or stand still would be
attended with danger, mainly depends the safety of railway
travelling. Much attention has, therefore, hewn bestowed upon
this part of the engine by val ious engineers : Messrs. Hawthorn
amongst others. We had the pleasure of examining the
" Comet," one of the first engines constructed for the company
at Messys. Hawthorn's manutactory, and in which the principle
of the *improvement now under notice was first introduced.
Again, the new arrangetnent . was greatly simplified by those
gentlemen in building the " Samson," now at work at the west
end of the' line. The machinery of "The Tyne," for effecting
the reverse motion, is still more effective. Several scientific
gentlemen got under the engine to view the manner in which
the change is effected when the engine is at work. The ease
and rapidity with which the motion of the engine was reversed
by the man in charge of it, and the rapidity and certainty of
operation of the machinery itself, elicited the opinions of corn-
peient judges that the arrangement is as simple and perfect as
the nature of the motion will admit. On Thuraday, the engine
was conveyed to Blaydon, and made her first trip to Hexham
in a highly satisfactory niqnner. It was ascertained that, in
one part of the journey, she ran over a mile of ground in one
minute, being at the-rate of sixty miles an hour. It should be
observed that her burthen in this experimental trip consisted of
only one carriage of passenirers; but she had to contend with
the opposing force of a strong west wind. At this tremendous
speed it was with difficulty that the persons in charge of the
engine could keep their places on the tender. Yesterday morn-
ing, " The Tyne" commented her regular work, and went froin
Blaydon to Elavdon-bridge and back again, with a heavy train
each way, in a manner. which proves her great superiority.
" The Tyne" is a substantially-built but neat engine, and its
exterior as well as mechanical parts are of highly-superior
workmanship.—Neweastle Journal.