The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-03-16 00:00:00

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It REFRAcToRY ChaTEß.—Owea Griffiths; carter, op 4...A.1"_ f":-..,-.4
on Tnesday at the .Police-office, in answer to a summon7ire---;L.- '-'- '-' ~.._../A).
cured against him by Dr. O'Donnell. The latter stated that UK, lud NI.E4 0,
was pas.siug down Richmond-row on foot, and Iris carriage was.
following him. Thedefendant had backed a cart load ofmortar
across the street in such a manner as"te obstruct tbelhorongh-
fare.
.1-1e;(1 .)r. O'Donnell) requested him to turn his horses a
little so as to allow the carriagelis pass. The defendant, how,.
ever, moved his horses to, and fro, and placed them in seeerat•
pesitions so as to continue the obstruction, leering andiangbing:
all the time. AS;the doctor became more importunate, it seems.
the carter becatneimore 'obstinate, and at length, he placed his
chain horse on the-opposite footwalk. He then deliberately
turned up the cart,shot out' the mortar, and actually scraped
out-the mortar before ,he would allow the carriage to pass. He
(Dr. O'Donnell) was ,thus, Yery much to his inconvenience,
kept waiting a considerable time. He hail frequently been
served in a similar matmer.by carters, andthe complainant had;
in fart, repeated the offence in the afternoon of the same day.
Mr. Hall said the carters of Liverpool were a most obstinate
and self-willed set of individdals. The defendant was fined 2s:
ext. and' cests. , ,-, . , : i. : •,- s. —a, t
Hones or L A BaCTR etre APPRENTICES.,-Mr. Joseph Bar-
wise appeared. on Tuesday, at the Police-office, against his ap-
prentice, Joseph Webster, Mr. .Barwise stati&that during the
last six or' eight mouths the defendant had refused..to do his
woik. Barely did he perfinan the tasks allotted to him, and on
some occasions he pretended that be was incapable of doing his.
duty and neglected his work entirely, alleging that he did not
like work. The defendant stated th-St his master was a cork-
cutter. He was unable to eerform his tasks because they were
too heavy for him. Mr. Barwise said, the defendant used to
perform the same tasks with ease and to earn two or three shil-
lings per week besides for himself. There wore younger boys
than him who performed the work of which he complained.
Another apprentice of Mr. Barwise was called, who corrobo-
rated this latter statement. Mr. Hall asked during what hours
the apprentices were required to woik. Mr. Barwise said they
commenoed work at daylight in winter. and worked till seven at
night. Their breakfasts were brought to them at the workshop,
and.they were allowed an hour for dinner. In the summer they
commenced to work at six o'clock in the morning and worked
till seven at. night. Mr. Hall: " What! thirteen hours with
only one hour to dinner ! And pray 'what time rid you allow
them for taking breakfast ?" Mr. Barwise said they were not
tied in that respect. They might take any time under an hour.
Mr. Hall: Thirteen hours in the day is certainly too much for
boys to be employed. It is worse than factory labour. Mr.
Hall inquired what hours the tailors used. A constable replied,
that the shipwrights and tailors allowed an hour 'and a half to.
dinner. Mr. Hall recommended that the cork-cutters should
do the same, which would allow some little time for relaxation
'oaring the day, in which case he was sure the work would be:
performed with greater alderitym The hoya•eceived.as lecture,
from Mr. Hall, who recommended him to go to his basiues'a end
pay proper attention thereunto.
[We wonder what the Negro Slavery abolitionists would say:
to negro boys being made to labour 13 hours a day every day
but Sunday, when we hear such affecting appeals to our huma-
nity Ott adult negroes being made to work 8 hours a day for fivp
days in the week ?1 ,
koECENT C(iNDUCT.—On Wednesday, at the police-office, a
middle-aged man, named Thomas Ireland, was placed at the
bar, charged with having indecently behaved to a milk girl in
Rodney-street the:night ,before. A pretty looking girl, about
18 years of age, stated that she was taking milk out in Rodney-
street on Tuesday night, about seven o'clock, when the prisoner
passed her. She was stooping down with a milk can to give it
in at a cellar window, when the prisoner put his hand up her
dress and behaved very rudely, and afterwards exposed, his
person to her. Police-officer 87, deposed that he met the com-
plainant in liouney-street, crying very much, and she told him
'what had happened, and he took the prisoner into custody in
consequence, from the description which she gave of him.,
Mr: Dowling said that the same man was given in charge to
another policeman by another party about ten minutes before
this occurrence, but had been set at liberty because the party
did not like to appear against him. Au officer. here stepped
forward, and said the prisouer bad been given in charge to him
at a few minutes before seven o'clock the night before, by a
young woman, for exposing himself to her. He denied it on
being taken into custody, and was set at liberty because the
young woman would not appear against him.. Ile was per-
fectly sober at the time. The Bridewell keeper also stated that
he was perfectly sober when brought to Bridewell. He was a
married man, and particularly requested that the officer 'might .
not let his wife know for what he was taken into custody. Mr.
Hall asked him if he had any family. He replied that he had
six children, and that his wife Was lying ill of a fever And he •
was out of work. Mr. Hall said the parish would take care of
' his family; his conduct had been most scandalous, and could
not be overlooked. He should commit him for two Months to
Kirkdale.
ASSAULT ON BOARD AN AMERICAN -Sliii..—John Henry,,
second mate of the Jacob Pennell, an American ship, appeared,
before Messrs. Hall and Maxwell, on Wednesday, having been
summoned by Samuel Hitchcock and Moshack Ricker for as-
saulting them. Mr. Crew appeared for the defendant. Hitch-
cock said he was, one of the crew of the Jacob Pennell. On
Friday last, the captain having paid him souse, wages, be con-
ceived that he had liberty to go on shore. He was getting
some things ready in the forecastle, when the second mate
called him up, and as he was ascending, struck him violentTj'wis
the head and face, and ordered him to go to work, He took a
scraper and set to work at scraping the deck, when the captain
went to him, and told him that the mate had nothing to do witW
him, and he might therefore go ashore. He (witness) laid
down toe scraper, but scarcely had he done so; when the .niEtte
again came to him and knocked him down, and . afterwards
kicked him with great violence. The mate continued to beat
him for some time very severely. Moshack Ricker stated that.
be was treated in a similar manner, he also being under the
impression that the captain had given him leave to go ashore.•
Two witnesses were called. who corrOhorated the statements of,
the above witnesses, as to the very severe beating given by the
mate to the two men. The captain of th'a vessel . was called.'
Ile gave the mate a' good character, and said that the men had
no right to go ashore, as he had not given them liberty to dO
So. They had been absent sincu Friday last, and were enterect,
upon the log book as deserters. Mr. Hall' said it was evident:
that the Men acted under the iMpresion that they had .liberty
to go ashore. But even supposing the men were about to act,
improperly, it was the duty of the mate to have remonstrated,
with them, and to have. prevented them. Instead of, this, he
went to the gangway before they had actually, committed any
offence, and punished them, in this severe manner.' That was
not the conduct which should be pursued by a respectable man.
The mates of vessels, both American and English, for both
were alike, took most extranidinary powers upon themselves.,
Mr. Hall ordered the Mate to pay a penalty of 20s. and costs in"
each case. in default of payment, to be committed fur sixteen
days. , .

NEW LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE.

Yesterday, at the Exhibition looms, in Postoffice-place, the.
model of a locomotive engine, on a new principle, extremely,
simple and ingenious, was shown gratis to the public. There
are three improvements over the locomotive engine riow in use,'
embodied in it. The term locomotive applied to the invention
is incorrect; for it is not in the moving power that the improve
ment consists, but in the carriage wheels. The first improve-,
went is to decrease the friction of the axles of the carriage
wheels in their sockets. To attain this, instead of the whole
weight on the axle resting in a socket, and thereby Creating rt
friction in that socket in proportion to the yieight on,the axle,
and the rapidity of its revolution, it is made to rest on the cir-
cumfereuce of another wheel which is revolved by it, and the
weight of the carriage thereby removed on to another axle..
But as the circumference of this second wheel is ten times at
least the circumference of the axle which rests upon it, it fol-
lows that the second wheel will only turn round once in its
socket, where the friction is removed to, to the axle of the first
wheel revolving ten times; therefore, by that, the friction in.
the socket is reduced nine-tenths. But the principle is carried
still further; the circumference de. third wheel is made to rest
upon the axle of the second, and thereby the whole of the fric-
tion in the socket is removed to the axle of the third.iiheel; but
.as the circumference of the third wheel is five times greater
than the circumference of the axle of the second, it follows that
the axle of the third wheel will only turn once in its socket,
where all the friction lies, to the axle of toe second wheel turn-,
ing five times. Therefore, 50 revolutions of the wheel on the,
rail will only produce one revolution of the axle of the third
.wheel in its socket. where all the friction is; and, therefore, if
the friction of a railway carriage wheel axle in its socket be hut
:say One pound, by the ordinary construction, the friction of a
carriage wheel axle in its socket, in a carriage constructed on
this in ineiple, can be but the fiftieth part of a pound.
The second improvement is in the construction of the springs
to prevent concussion, which is rendered impossible. The pull.
also, instead of being fixed is placed ou a spring, which prevents'
any jerk at situ ling.
The third improvement consists in having only two wireelslo'
each carriage instead of four ; the mode of connecting the Car-
riages by a slide through grooves in the carriages, keeping them ..
perfectly steady as if ou four wheels. The advantage secured by
this is, the prevention of all friction upon the rails, when the -'•
rails are not in a straight line, as the mode of connexion
allow the carriages to adapt themselves to any-Circirlar line.
13v the present construction of carriages upon four wifiels, the
axles are fixed to the carriages, and adapted for moving in a
perfectly straight line; when the line of rails, therefore, become.;
circular, the friction on the tails and on the edge of the carriage
wheels is tremendous. All three improvements appear yes v
valuable, and we do not doubt, when the inventions become.
.known. they will be ado• ted generally in the cohArfl'OttotT of
'our railway carriages. he improvement we first noticed need.
not he confined to railway carriages alone, but may be equally
applicable to all revolving machinery, the axles of which have'
much friction in their sockets from the weight of the wheels, as
in a fly-wheel of a steam engine, or have touch stress upon theth
creating friction. We should imagine the -additional cost of
adopting this principle to heavy revolving wheels would more
than be repaid in the saving of the talloW required to lubricate-
he axles.

TARTAN DRESSES FOR THE QUKEN,—A few days ago the.
Messrs. J. and D. Paton, ulanufactorers, Tillicoultry, received
an order from. Sir Henry Wheatley, keeper of thei Queen's
privy purse, to furnish three dresses of tartan for her Majesty's,
own use. As no particular patterns were commented upon'
they found themselves left at liberty with reipect.t6 these, and
came to the conclusion, that, at least, two of the dresses should
be-composed of national. "sets." The Royal Stuart, •as being
that worn by her Majesty's ancestors, while kings of Scotland,
was at once fixed upon as one; and the. Forty-second, or Black
Watch, as the other. Still, there was a third, and it was re,
solved, in very good taste, that a new one should be forme&'
for the occasion, which should be called " ictoria Tartan,"
in commemoration of her Majesty.--.Stiriing obsertier.
A MorialiN GIOVANNI.—An A.merican paper giveS fife. fol-
lowing account of a modern Giovanni,' who bids fair to be'aire-
nowned as the mighty Don, if late does not consign hint to the
penitentiary. Having been put in gaol for marrying 13 wives,,
he made his escape, and:was seen three or fuer day s Alterwardi
by a gentleman. The gentleman. anxious to secure the reward
for his apprehension, invited him into his house to dinner, and
then slyly slipped out in Pursuit of a constable; but great was
his horror on his return to find that the culprit had ati&niclect-
willi his wife! . . , • . .
A phrenologist remarking that some pe,lons bad the organs
of 'murder and benevolence strongly: a-nd equally developerk
"Doubtless," was the reply of an individual present, "those are
the persons who would kill one with kindneis."
STEAM VErriOS. tic:amis.—lt would requiie twelve stage-
coaches, carrying fifteen passerigers,each; and one thousand two
hundred horses, to take one hundred and eighty,
,passengers two
hundred and forty miles twenty-four hours, at the rate of ten,
miles an hour: One locomotive steam-engihe will take that
number,, and go two trips in the same time. consequently will.
do (tie work of two thousand four hundred horses! Again, it'
would require thirtymail-coaches -(six passengers each,) As&
three thousand fiorses,, to take one hundred passengers andmail.
two hundred and forty miles in twenty-four hours, at the rate.
o$ ten miles an hour. One locomotive steam-engine will take-
that number, and go two trips in the same time, consequently
will do the work of six thousatoi, horses. •
A Duhkirk Journal asserts, that 4 Cloth' Merchant of Abbe.:
-• Ville has tauglit a drake to sing,seveial airs; ,aad, encourage 4
by succr4,s, is now proweedime teach-a. tull'i:ey to tokelart-W.
(Tie q'u'ack' Laiiefa4.