The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-11-22 00:00:00

Nov. 22, 1836.

eoncile the glaring- inconsistencies which mark their ge-
neral conduct. One reason given' why we should slip-
Port this system was that it would tend to allay religious
prejudices and afford greater facilities for the progress of
the Gospel. Many denounced the errors of the Church
of 113111 e, and supported this system from a wish to dis,:
scaunate Scriptural knowledge amongst the peasantry,
to earivinze them of their error and lead them to a know-
ledge of the truth. But mark the result. No sooner
does a man become convinced of his error, and evince a
dniposition to abandon his former superstitions. than lie
rr assailed by the liberal press as a " renegade," as an
apostate," and every epithet that bigotry and calumny
can invent are Neely bestowed upon him. The conduct
°I our liberal Town Council has at length roused the
!sal of the Protestant community, and they are now
buckling on their armour. We entertain no fear for the re •
salt.
"The fool" may say "in his heart there is no God,"
411(1 the Solons of our Council may array themselves in
°PPosition to the spread of the Gospel and dare the ven-
geance of Heaven, but truth will proceed to their dis-
comfiture and disgrace. To our Protestant countrymen
we, lay, let your zeal be as ardent, your allegiance as
faithful, your loyalty as devoted, and your defence as
resolute, as that which distinguished your illustrious
forefathers.

CORRESPONDENCE.

're" THE MEMBERS OF THE LIVERPOOL
TOWN couNciL.

GENTLastax,—A. printed letter has been addressed to you by
°,l') of Your own body, with avowed reference to the subject of
'45 schools, which is to come under your consideration next
Wednesday.
The writer, Mr. Rathbone, has condescended to strengthen
h
appeal to you, by a reference to me by name. 1 feel con-
"nt that this circumstance will exculpate me from the charge
(_ll. intrusion, in thus addressing you : for it Mr. Rathbone has
felt
opinions and statements of sufficient consequence to call
ler direct reference on his part, it will readily be admitted that
May. without impropriety on my part, feel them of sufficient
e,"'equence to be entitled to accuracy of representation. Mr.
Rathbone says :

" Ilitd it been in this town only that they had made eflorts
talfainst the schools, we might suppose that they merely seized upon
AtP.T. aR tt useful handle against us ; yet, even here the Rev. Alr.
c." 41" has publicly retracted his reiterated assertion that we had
excluded the Bible he has, however, to maintain his consistency,
made an assertion equtlfy without foundation—that the reading of
e whole Bible is in opposition to the hitch plan of education. On
!"'s contrary, it is one of its declared objects to promote the read-
ing of the whole Bible."
'lhe re are here two statements to which I beg leave to call your
attention

1. That I have retracted my reiterated assertion that you
4/47e excluded the bible from your schools. And
2. That 1 have asserted that the reading of the whole bible
1' an oPposition to the Irish plan of education, while on the
yontrary, Mr..Rathbone asserts that one of the declared ()h-
-ie"' of that plan is to promote the reading of the whole bible.
1. In making the first, Mr. Rathbone refers, I
Imo elude, to the speech which I delivered at the late anniversary
meeting of the Liverpool Protestant Association. That you may
Judge fairly of the accuracy of his representation, I take the li-
berty of transcribing what -I
said on that occasion. I quote from
tnecorrected report printed under the sanction of the committee.
ibis system of education is an underminer of protestantisrn.
Lt was imported into Liverpool as a feeler, and it has been felt.
(Illicit applause.) Was it imported into Liverpool ? The
"solutions passed in the council of the corporation of Liverpool
last July, were-1. That the schools shall open at nine o'clock
edch morning, and commence by the children singing a hymn
from the selections of the commissioners of national education
ra Ireland, and Lv the masters reading a portion of the scriptures
from the same selections.-2. That one hour of each day be
uevoted to the religions instruction of those children whose
Parents do not object; and that such hour be in the afternoon,
eft" the school has closed. That the school shall be considered
as Closed at three o'clock in the winter, and at four o'clock in
Itlonner. That instruction be given on Thursday afternoon as on
other days, and that Saturday afternoon be considered a holy-
daY'-3. 'That the clergy of the different denominations be
40:icited to attend for these purposes, and that every practical
accommodation be afforded them.—G. That the books of the
commissioners in Ireland be adopted, and that they have a fair
Trial previous to the introduction of any other.' You recollect
that the Irish system was constructed in order to get rid of the
rital defect in the Kildare-place system, which was the reading
et the scriptures in school trours. The Irish system, therefore,
ezcluded the reading of the scriptures, otherwise the defect was
LOt got rid of. (Cheers.) Did the new Irish system exclude
the Bible ? Assuredly it did. Did the Liverpool corporation
64opt the new liish system ? Assuredly it did. Did the Liver-
pool Corporatidu exclude the Bible ? Assuredly it did. Yet I
°aye here three gentledten who say no.' I read from one of
°ln 'esteemed contemporaries.' (A laugh.) Tim BIBLE IN
Tab CORPORATION SCHOOLS.—A public meeting was held yes-

POPtJLAR COURSE ON CHEMISTRY, AT THE

MECHANICS' INSTITUTION.

11.
9. A

acidsandalkaliesconabine in certain atomic proportions. We emiti
for example, 22 atoms of carbonic acid,4o of imiphuric, a d 34 of
nitric, will combine wi1.41 17 atoms of aunneuia, 41 of tamest], or
32 of soda. These tables of affinity- are very useful to time ma-
nufacturing cheniiits •Thus'common Salt 'IS a eenspouud of soda
and chlorine, and for every 60 parts of ehlor:de of .smdium, he
knows he must employ 40 parts of sulphuric;: acid to,.expel the
muriatic acid, for muriatie acid is formed .frout chlorine *Led,
water is present; but as the sulphuric acid ofeonnsmrce contains
one atom of water, he euiploVs 49 atoansof sulphuric acid. Time
manufacturing chemist no longer acts without •knowledge, but
by tables, thereby saving much tire, materials, and time.. Sup-
pose We were analyizing any compound of these aeids'andalka-
liS, and we find that there are 17 parts of ammonia. and 21 of
carbonic acid, We know instantly that our. experiment _has not
beean properly performed, as we cannot base 21 parts of car,
bonie acid, but 22. We may be wrong, but these tables cannot;
for they are the aggregate of the experiments Of every practical
chemist in Europe.'
Chemical nomenclature is of very great importance end very,
easily learned. An attendance to the following rules wilt
will enable any person of moderate capacite readily to under-
stand it. We still divide bodies, for sake of convenience, into
two classes. The electro-negative bodies are sesireen, chlorine,.
fluorine, iodine, and bromine. Whatever
,these tubstanceS
combine with, not being acids, are distinguiShed by the termina-
tion ide ; thus tre say an oxide of lead and an iodide of lead,
meaning combinations of oxygen and iodine .with lead. lf,
these substances he combined in different proportions with the
lead, we call the first protoxide, proto-chloride, tic , of lead ; if
in two properties, deut-oxide or bin-oxide; in three,, ter-oxide
and, for the greatest number of proportioni„. per-eXide, per-
chloride, &c. When, however, these five electro-negative sub-
stances form, with their compounds, an acid, we distinguish the
acid by terminating the name of the substance With, our, or ic.
according to the number of equivalents of the acidifying princi-
ples the acid contains. Thus one equivalent of oxygen, which
Is the general, though not the universal, acidifying principle,
and sulphur form sulphurous acid ; two or inure equivalents,
sulphuric acid; and the sane with chlorine, iodine, bromine,
and fluorine. Acids are distinguished born other substa flees by
their powers of dissolving metals. By this system of nomen-
clature the name of every chemical substance is an index of its
component parts. The great advantage of this to the student it
incalculable. What clue did spirits of.salt, or oil avitriol, give to
thecomponents of these substances. Ai uriatic acid and sulphuric
acid, however, furnish the means of ascertaining ;it once the sub,
stances and quantities of the elements entering into the cons,
pound. Oxygen is not always the acidifying principle. When
hydrogen is, we prefix the ssllable hy or hydro, as hydriodic
acid; by this we know that iodine is the substance and that
hydrogen, not oxygen, is the acidifying principle. By thii
means we have an index to the acidifying principle itself as well
as the substance acidified. The electro-positive substances
form the second class. They are hydrogen. sulphur, phosphorus,
boron, nitrogen, and the metals. Now, when, any of these
combine together they do not form compounds, the names of
which terminate in hie, but terminating in rivet, as sulphttrel
of iion, carbut'etted hydrogen, Esc. To these e,e-
the terms proto,. ter, and pei to indicate the number of equi-
valents of the first substance which enters into. the compound.,
Now, we have acids which combine with alkalies and form
and the acids nut only bear a name indicatines their composi,
lion but the•exact proportions. Thus the salts firmed of those
acids ending in 0115 will terminate in its, as sulphurous, sulphur,
itu, nitrous, nitrite, &.c.; whilst those salts formed from acids.
ending in ic bear the termination ale, as sulphuric, sulphate,
nitric, nitrate, Scc.
To prove whether this explanation hail been prot4rly under-
stood, Mr. Hemming put a number of questions to the juvenile,
portion of his audience, and in almost every instance the
answer was correct.
The lecture of to-morrow evening will be unusually interests
ing, as Mr. Herniniug will Most rate the application of chemical;
affinity to the detection of poisons, such as arsenic, corrosive
sublimate, copper, lead, vegetable poisons, the acids, kc.