The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-10-18 00:00:00

Tontratt.

WEST DERBY 171VdON.—TO. CLOG-
MAKERS.—The GUARDIANS of the WEST DERBY
UNION are desirous of receiving TENDERS for the Supply
of 500 Pairs of CLOGS, for the use of the Inmates of the
Workhouse. Particulars, as to sizes, may be obtained on ap-
plication to the Master of the Workhouse. Mill-lane, Everton.
Tenders, marked, "Tenders for Clogs," to be sent to my
Office, on or before TUESDLY nett, the 25th instant, which
will be opened on the following ley.
By order of the Board.
WILLIAM'.CLEAVER, Union Clerk.

WEST DERBY UNIaN.—TO WINE AND
SPIRIT-DEALERS.—The,GU A RDIANS of the
WEST DEBBY UNION wish toCONTRACT for the supply
of PORT and SHERRY WINE, •BRANDY, WHISKY, and
GIN, for consumption at the Workhouse and Hospital, for
the ensuing twelvemonths.
Tenders marked "Tenders for Wine and Spirits" (stating,
strength of Spirits), and accompanied by Samples, to be sent
to the Workhouse, Mill-lane, Everton, on or before TUESDAY
next, the 25th instant, which Tenders will be opened on the
following day. By order of the Board,
WILLIAM CLEAVER, Union Clerk.

WEST DERBY UNION.—TO CONTRAC-
TORS.—Persons desirous of entering into a CON-
TRACT for the formation of DRAINS, &c., at the Work-
house in Mill-lane, Everton, may-see the schedule of prices
and obtain further particulars at the Office of Mr. A. B.
CLAYTON, Architect, Everton Village, on and after MONDAY,
the 17th instant, between the hours (rfTen and Four.
Tenders, endorsed "Tenderslor•Drainage,” to be sent to
my Office, No. 2, Elliot-street, on or before TUESDAY, the
25th instant, which will be opened on the following day.
Forms of Schedules to accompany the Tenders will be sup-
plied by the Architect. By order cf the Board,
WILLIAM CLEAVER, Union Clerk.

TO THE BURGESSES ,01-. ABERCROMBY
WARD.
GENTLEMEN,—A highly respectable Deputation has kindly
waited upon me with a Requisition, signed by a large number
of Electors in your Ward, requesting met() come forward for
the third time as a CANDIDATE at the ensuing Municipal
Election.

Comprising, as that Requisition does, the names of so
many influential gentlemen of all parties, thus affording the
best proof that my past endeavoursto promote your interests
have given satisfaction, I have great pleasure in at once ac-
ceding to such a flattering mark of respect.
If, therefore, you do me the honour again to elect me, I
shall return to my duties with an increased determination to
persevere in that course which has hitherto met with your
approbation, and which has appeared to me most conducive
to your welfare and the prosperity of the town.
I am, Gentlemen.
Your obedient and faithful Servant.
R. C. GARDNER.
New/sham-house. 12th October, 1853.

TO THEiiiiTNICIPAL ELECTORS OF
WEST DERRY WARD.
GENTLEMEN,—I have deemed it my duty to accede to a
pressing request, made to me by a large and influential por-
tion of your body, that I would allow myself to be put in
nomination as a CANDIDATE at the ensuing Election for
the distinguished honour of representing you in the TOWN
COUNCIL.
There being no question involving much difference of
opinion occupying the attention of the town at present. Ido
not feel called upon to enter at any length into local affairs.
I may, mention, however, that with regard to the contem-
plated TOWN IMPROVEMENTS, I shall assist in carrying
them out as extensively as possible, consistently with a due
regard to economy in the expenditure of the public funds,
which in every other respect shall have my best attention.
On other matters, I shall be happy to explain my sentiments
when I have the pleasure of meeting you.
I have only further to say, that if you do me the honour to
accept of my humble services, I shall endeavour to perform
my duty to the Ward and to the Town generally to the best
of my abilities.
I have the honour to be, Gentlemen,
Your most obedient, humble Servant,
FRANCIS A. CLINT.
2, Beech-terrace, Edge-lane, October 13, 1853.

TO THE MUNICIPAL ELECTORS OF
VAUXHALL WARD.
GENTLEMEN,—The term for which you elected me as one
of your Representatives will shortly expire.
A Deputation of Gentlemen Electors of your Ward having
waited upon me, and presented a Requisition, numerously
and respectably signed by parties of all shades of opinion, I
have no hesitation in tendering my best exertions for your
acceptance.
I feel less difficulty in now coming forward as a Candidate,
for, since I have bad the honour to represent you, I have the
satisfaction to know my conduct in the Council has met with
the uniform approbation of the Ward.
Three years ago you elected me on two distinct principles,
which, I need hardly say, were quite in accordance with my
own, namely, the entire absence of politics in local affairs,
and strict economy in the management of the Corporate
Purse, with a due regard to the good old town's various re-
quirements and upholding her interests.
I think it will be found I have kept these principles con-
stantly in view; and I believe there is not an elector who will
say that I forgot the interests of the Ward in support of any
party, political or religious, in the Council. I have uniformly
voted against the increase of official salaries when I have
considered them well paid ; and, whenever public money was
to be expended. I have looked carefully how it was to be most
beneficially and economically spent, having a deep sympathy
for the difficulties and privations local taxation entail on the
industrious ratepayers.
Having, from my youngest days, bad my interest bound
up in the prosperity of your INard, it is apparent that what
isinjurious to you must be so to me, and that we must be
equally benefited by its improvement.
Finally, the principles on which you first elected me are
unchanged. If you should again do me that honour, I hope
that the experience I have had in the Council duties will en-
able me more efficiently to 4P justice to the trust reposed in me.
I remain, Gentlemen, your faithful servant,
Wrii#M4ll NIP/JOLSON.
Shaw-street, 4th October, 1853.

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, AND GENERAL COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER

his twenty years of political life, was the greater
part of that time a professing Conservative ; and
now, with ultra-Radicals for colleagues in office, he
forms part of a pageant in which the Manchester
Radicals—who had even ventured to talk of the
assassination of Sir ROBERT PEEL as an act which
might be justified—erect a statue to his memory,
the sole cause of their laudation being the grossest
act of political treachery of which any Minister was
ever guilty. Mr. GLADSTONE might, with great
propriety, hold in respect the memory of his
political Mentor, but it was an utter obliviousness
of good taste, or a total recklessness of his own
character, which induced him to join in such a
celebration as that on Wednesday last. His Con-
servative professions must have been thrown to
the winds, and therefore we are compelled to accept
the latter alternative, that he who was once the
hope of the great Conservative party, having taken
the first false step, is determined to be consistent
only in error. It may suit the shallow intellects
of manufacturing politicians to repeat the balder-
, dash with which their idol sought to justify his
' perfidy, by talking of the poor man eating his loaf
unembittered by the sense of injustice ; but Mr.
GLADSTONE has sense enough to perceive its
thorough absurdity, and therefore has less excuse
for not only joining in the treachery which con-
summated Free-trade, but also in contributing to
the posthumous reward which Manchester paid to
its lately-adopted idol. He has evidently forfeited
his own'esteem ; and, conscious that his former
position as a Conservative is gone for ever, as will
be his seat for Oxford University on the next
opportunity, he is making to himself friends of the
Mammon of unrighteousness, and preparing for a
rivalry in popular favour with Messrs. COBDEN,
BRIGHT, and others of that clique. To such a
decay of his once clear intellect can we alone at-
tribute the fulsome laudation of the policy of the
present Ministry. with which he garnished his
speech to his new friends. His allusions to the
state of the Revenue were a covert eulogy on the
policy with which he has identified himself; but in
reality the evidence is worthless, unless he can
' prove that the gold discoveries in California and
Australia, with their results of emigration, in-
creased exports, and augmented wages, were pro-
duced by Free-trade. There was, however, a slight
drawback to the picture of prosperity which he
was so anxious to display, and he was compelled,
with that show of candour which served his poli-
tical master on so many occasions, to acknowledge
that the cheap bread, which was the especial object
of the Free-traders, was not obtainable at present.
The price of grain, he admitted, was very high, but
then there were no complaints ; so that, according
to this showing, it is merely a question of feeling
whether the consumers please to be content with
' high prices, when they cannot see a way to help
themselves. It is gratifying to know that there
is so much public virtue as not to complain of
the loss of cheap bread ; but we much question
its permanence when a cessation of the late
exorbitant demands for labour shall have dimmed
'the sunny side of the picture.

THE believers, or pretenders to a belief, in the
dream of universal pew*, have been magnifying
their own wisdom by a .demonstration in the good '
old city of Edinburgh:; their adopted idol being
the man of unadorned eloquence, whom Manchester
and the West Riding of Yorkshire delight to
honour. There is something absurdly ridiculous
in the way in which 'these little men indulge in
dreamy landations about the blessings of peace
and the horrors of war, as though all the rest of
the world were of theinost sanguinary dispositions,
eagerly seeking for opportunities to rush into hos-
tilities with each other. Our safety was threatened
by the disturbed state of the Continent and 'the
evident preparations for war of a neighbouring
potentate, who had-violated the most solemn oaths
in order to reach :his present 'elevation, and yet
England, in Christian meekness, after the :true
fashion of these solemn pretenders to piety, IVIIB
to propitiate the mercy of reckless invaders 'by
dismantling her fleets and disbanding her arniies•
As the richest nation in the world, we presented
the strongest temptations to aggression, if our
means of defence were wanting ; and yet, With our
Bibles in one hand-end calicoes in the other,. we
were to quietly rely for our security upon the
effect which our geed example would have upon
our enemies. Such arguments are too preposterous
for serious refutationrand yet they form the fustian,
with which the leaders of the Peace Conference
seek to beguile their dupes. They tell us that the
maintenance of fleets ,and armies involves a-serious
charge upon the industry of peaceful men, as
though men in a rich Old country could be peaceful
and industrious, without fleets and armies, so long
as the world contains , other men,actuated by the
impulse of human passions instead of guided by
'Christian precepts. Means of defence are neces-
•sarily expensive. Milnefs patent robber-defying
:safes cost money, and solo locks, bolts, and bars,
•pelicemen, magistrates4Ages, prisons, and allthe
other accessories for the-punishment of crime ; but
'they are not the less indispensable, so long as the
peaceful. men have something worth protecting,
and others will deprive them of it if they can.
When Messrs. COBDEN, 'BurGini, and Co., trust
their own valuables to the -security of the public •
honesty, we may have some faith in their dogmas
about national defences, but they have never yet
attempted to put their professions into practice in
'the slightest degree. It was a. sad waste of the
public money to employ soldiersio defend the Cape
Colony .against the aggresSions of the Kaffirs,
when 'Mr. BRIGHT could have •managed the affair
so muehteheaper, and more effectually, with a sup-
ply of (sties. It is worse than absurd to urge on
the Goverrninpnt to send a British fleet for the
defenee..of Turkey, when Mr. COI3DEN can crumple
the Emperor of Russia like a piece of paper. The
standing demand of these peace-mongers is for
international arbitration, as though every one else
were oblivious opf the fact that for nearly forty
years almost all disputes between civMsed -nations
have been settled by negotiation. Suck is the
case now in the great Turkish question ; but it is
equally clear that negotiation would be of coy
little avail, if the high contracting parties had not
fleets and armies with which to strengthen their
arguments and enforce their directions. It is the
intelligible argument of the strong arm which has
the greatest weight in all such negotiations, and
so long as it is wielded by England in the cause
of justice, the greatest Possible security is afforded
for the maintenance of peace.

WE published last week, in our Second Edition,
the state of the National Revenue, as made up to
the 10th of October, and Which, no doubt, on the
first survey of the totals, presents a satisfactory
evidence of the elasticity of the public resources.
A consideration, however, of the items, and the
probable causes of the apparent increase, will tend
somewhat to qualify the note of triumph with
which it has been ushered into notice by those who
still cling to their belief in Free-trade policy. It
will be observed that by far the largest item of
increase on the Account, both for the year and the
quarter, is the Repayment of Advances, amounting
on the year to £618,008, and on the quarter to
£207,212, while the item of Imprest and other
Money adds £133,880 to the year's
account.
These are not sources of I4venue, although
brought into the Account as being: receipts into
the Exchequer; but if the statement be confined

to actual Revenue, it will be found that the in-
crease on the year is only :C1,559,864, and on the
quarter only £226,754, instead of £-2,311,752 and
£117,727, as shown by the statement. The Cus-
toms and Excise have usually been considered as
the safest test of the consuming powers of the
population, particularly the latter item ; but,
though reductions have been made in both by the
diminution of the Tea Duty and the abolition of
the duty on Soap, the immense impetus which has
been given to all branches •of industrial activity
might reasonably have been expected to add con-
siderably to these sources of Revenue, particularly
as the recent lull in business did not occur till
nearly the termination of the quarter. It will be
found that the increase on the Quarter's Customs
was only £120,667, and that on the Excise the
still smaller proportion 'of only £5,474. Under the
head •of Stamps will be found the comparatively
large increase of £98,742, arising from the enor-
mous issue of the new Penny Receipt Stamps just
before the close of the quarter, to the number, it is
said, of upwards of six millions. Taxes, on the
other hand, show a decrease of £29,996, and the
Post-office a decrease of £25,000, as though cor-
respondence had begun to diminish. Upon the
whole, therefore, there is no great cause for ex-
ultation, though none for despondency, and the
Ministers are quite welcome to make the most
they can of their financial policy, of which the
leading features were a re-imposition of the In-
come-tax, and an additional burden on the holders
of real property.
The Surplus on the year, ended sth of July last,
has been declared to be £3,568,624 16s. Bd., of
which a fourth part, or £892,156 4s. 2d., is ap-
plicable to the reduction of the National Debt.
It is believed, however, that instead of applying it
to the purchase of Stock, which has been the usual
course, and would now operate favourably on the
Money Market, the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHE-
grER intends to devote it to the redemption of
South Sea Stock, which he will shortly be called
upon to effect.

of considerable disquietude to our Coalition Minis-
try, and if we may judge by the frequency of
protracted sittings of recent Cabinet Councils,
there is very little of that unity which was said
to prevail among " all the Talents." The HOME
SECRETARY fancies himself to be the possessor of
all tha knowledge on foreign affairs, and by no
means .agrees with his chief, who is in a minority
in his own cabinet ; so that the doubt and delay
which have so long prevailed need excite no sur-
prise. In the mean time, the continental tele-
graphs appear to have been at the command of
the stock-jobbers, and, favoured by the secrecy
of official reserve, they have been enabled so to
vary the reports as to produce those fluctuations
of which the concoctors know so well how to
take advantage. This uncertainty, so injurious to
trade, has given rise to a demand for an imme-
diate summons of Parliament, in order that
Ministers may be constitutionally called upon for
authentic information, instead of the country hav-
ing to depend upon presumed ministerial organs,
which the Government may repudiate or adopt ac-
cording as it suits their purpose. We have no
pretensions to any knowledge of what takes place
at a cabinet council, each member of which is
sworn to secrecy, but it is currently believed that
the question of summoning Parliament formed
an important item in the recent lengthened dis-
cussions.

The latest telegraphic despatches state that the
allied fleets have at length left Besika Bay, and on
the Gth were seen entering the Dardanelles. This '
may be true, but after recent experience all tele-
graphic reports from the East require confirmation.
The correspondent of the Morning Chronicle states
that the Turks intend merely to commence the
war pro forma, and then to adjourn further hos-
tilities until the spring, so that in the meantime
the quarrel may be settled by mediation. This is
not unlikely, particularly as another despatch states
that the Turkish army is not to cross the Danube,
a very prudent precaution under the circumstances.

THE PORT OF LIVERPOOL.

THERE are persons so utterly impracticable to
deal with, that it is almost a matter of impossibility
to do them good, and this character seems largely
to prevail among the operatives of the manufac-
turing districts. The whole tendency of modern
policy has been to improve the condition of this
class, but with what success their present state
will in some degree serve to show. Free-trade was
adopted in order to give them cheap bread, and yet
it is now dearer than the average during the whole
time that the sliding scale was the law of the land ;
but for this result they have, of course, more to
thank their leaders than themselves, as the only
part they took was to join in the clamour by which
the candid minister who betrayed his party was
converted. Emigration has relieved them from
the competition by which the wages of their labour
was kept 'below the standard which they considered
remunerative. The gold discoveries have given
such an impetus to trade, that every man's services
have 'been in demand, at a price beyond their most
sanguine anticipations. Reductions of duties and
repeal of taxes have placed them in a more favour-
able position than ever they had a fair right to
expect—and yet now, when they might be enjoying
all the good things which have been so lavishly
provided for them, they turn round with sullen
perverseness and refuse to work at all, unless at
such wages as would render their work unprofitable.
It is, however, fortunate, not only for the masters
but eventually for themselves, that the men have
delayed their strike until a time when they are the
principal if not the only sufferers. Thousands have
turned out for increase of wages.; and now, when
they find that a lull in business has destroyed the
chance of their intimidation proving successful,
they would gladly xetrace the false step they
have taken. But the mischief has been done,
the mills have been closed, and the masters
having no particular demand for their -manufac-
tures, refuse to receive them even at the same rate
of wages, unless they give up the trades' unions
and combinations by which all the mischief has
originated. They have made a rod for their own
backs, and it is to be hoped that the firmness of the
masters will serve to convince the men of the folly
,of their conduct, and prove to them a useful lesson
Sor the future. This disposition to strike for wages
is one so pregnant with ,mischief, that it cannot be
-too severely condemned, .and not the least evil is
that the innocent too often suffer for the guilty.
while the many are the dues of a few designing
men, who batten on the miseries of their .fellow-
creatures.

No. 11.

Ws resume our consideration of the subject which we
commenced last week, by referring to another point deserv-
ing of attentive consideration, which must shortly assume
a more prominent position. By the peculiar situation of
Liverpool on the east bank of the Mersey, she is virtually
excluded from the immense amount of business which
might be done with the large and busy population to
the South and West. Her great source of traffic has
been the supply of the enormous industrial population of
Lancashire, and other parts of the North of England.
This has been in a great measure stimulated by the facili-
ties of railway communication, notwithstanding the diffi-
culties of access to the several lines—to the immense
demand for the raw materials for manufactures imported
into Liverpool from foreign countries, and also to the
enormous amount of British produce and manufactureS
exported by vessels leaving this port. The other side of
the Mersey, however, possesses much greater facilities for
communication with the interior, while the population of
the principality of Wales and the south-west counties of
England must prove a source of trade, the extent of which
it is impossible to calculate.

It must now be generally admitted that the rapidly
augmented trade of Liverpool has found ample employ-
ment for all the Dock accommodation, greatly as that has
been extended, and it is at the same time equally true
that all practicable means of further extension have been
exhausted, so that the alternative which remains is for the
trade of the port to be confined within its present limits
or for the means of extension to be sought from far dif-
ferent sources than those which have hitherto been,
adopted.
The idea which would first strike every person, inde-
pendent of local prejudices, would be to render the Mersey
available on both its banks; and this would no doubt
have been the case years since, but for the unreasonable
notion entertained by many of the people of Liverpool,—
that any promotion of dock accommodation on the oppo-
site side of the estuary `would tend to injure the trade of
their town. The practical adoption of this idea has vir-
tually operated to deprive them of many natural advan•

tages on the Cheshire shore, and actually to induce the
construction of dock-works at very great cost, owing to
the high price of land, the necessity of removing build-
ings, and the expense of excavation and erection of walls.
On the Cheshire shore, such advantages were to be ob-
tained at comparatively little cost, as docks had almost
been formed by nature, and only required being made
applicable to the purposes of commerce. Indeed, so pre-
eminent were the advantages presented, that Mr. TEL-
VOILD, one of the most eminent marine engineers, when
looking from Bidston Hill over Wallasey Pool, at high
water, exclaimed, " Liverpool was built on the wrong side
of the Mersey."

It can hardly be believed that the feeling which
formerly prevailed' in Liverpool of the prosperity of
Birkenhead being an antagonist interest can now exist
The growing intelligence of the age must utterly have
exploded a fallacy so suicidal in its results. As well might
the citizens of London—who have the ample space of the
London docks, the East and West India Docks, with their
vast basins and wide quay room, in addition to the St.
Katharine Docks and the legal quays—complain of the
trade of Southwark and the great business on the Surrey
shore. So far, indeed, from entertaining such an idea,
nearly all the vast timber trade of the metropolis is con-
ducted on the Surrey side of the Thames, where, from the
facilities afforded by the Commercial Docks at Bother-
hithe, it is carried on with far more advantage than could
be done in the more costly localities on the London side.

The strike among the colliery men at Wigan and
other places has now continued some weeks, the
effect being a greatly-enhanced price of coals and
an increased demand for the „produce of the Welsh
collieries. These, however, are minor evils, •e9m-
pared with that of submittingtto such attempts fat
intimidation, which, if successful, would lead to still
further impositions, until intelligence and capital
would be at the command of labour and ignorance.

Such is about the ease on the Mersey, the west bank of
which presents more available accommodation for such
bulky goods as timber, not only in quay space, which is
indispensable, but also in access to cheap transit into the
interior by railways, which in Birkenhead are carried
alongside the vessels discharging their cargoes.

ANOTHER week has elapsed, and yet the settle-
ment of the Turkish affair seems as far distant as
ever. Indeed its progress towards a settlement
appears-tole of a retrograde Character ; for some
time since we were informed that -the allied fleets
had been ordered up to Constantinople, and now we
are told that they have not stirred .out of Besika
Bay. It is ,true that we have intelligence of the
SuLTAN of Turkey having signed .a .declaration of
war, which mient in itself be considered the pre-
lude to active hostilities ; but it is pretty clear that
the document has been executed for *e purpose of
silencing the clamours of the Turkish war party,
and it may be to lave a similar influence in this
country. It is now said that the Russian General
Commanding in the Danubian provinces is to be
allowed so many days, with a notice that if lie does
not commence to leave at_that period, the Turks
will proceed to try the effect of Mohammedan
valour. The delay., 'however, will give time for
negotiation, and the opinion is gaining ground that
the long-desired settlement of the dispute will be
arrived at, without giving the Turkish levies an
opportunity of fleshing their swords, or rather
seymitars. This opinion is in a great measure con-
firmed by the evidently paeifie disposition of the
CZAR of Russia, who, notwithstanding his strong
desire to retain possession of the provinces, has no
intention to gratify his ambition by fighting for it.
The modern policy of Europe is diplomacy, and
upon his skill in this ingenious art the astute
Russian Minister, Count NESSBLRODE, has relied
for the accomplishment of his scheme. He must,
however, be content to submit to defeat, as Turkish
obstinacy will hazard the loss of the Empire,
which must be the result of actual hostilities,
rather than surrender these provinces in the
Danube, which European good sense will insist
upon the restitution of, as the only alternative for
the maintenance of peace. The length of time
which has been occupied in negotiations appears to
have destroyed all confidence in the many promises
of a speedy termination to the uncertainty which
prevails, and which has tended to paralyze com-
mercial operations. A definite period has, how-
ever, now been fixed, which will expire on Monday
next ; and it is to be hoped that the interval will
be wisely employed in the preparation of a note,
couched in language sufficiently intelligible not to
be open to misconstruction.
The part which England has, or ought, to have,
occupied in this affair se= to-have been 'a source

It has been supposed that an extension of population on
the Cheshire side of the Mersey, by the transfer of a
Portion of the shipping trade in that direction, would
operate injuriously to the ratepayers of Liverpool, by
diminishing the number, and thereby increasing the
bnxden on those who remain. If it were possible to
secure the residence in the town of every one who has an
interest in the trade of the port, such a position might be
tenable; but it is not so. As the town becomes densely
populated by those whom necessity compels to remain,
confinement becomes irksome to those who have the means
to accommodate themselves better, and the thousands who
daily crass the Mersey by the ferry-boats, or use the
omnibussos to and from the suburbs, show that the exten-
sion of population is in localities where they contribute
nothing to tie rates of Liverpool. Such migration will
still go on, whatever may be the improvements within the
town, so long as men prefer a glimpse of nature to tall
houses and paysd streets; and therefore a persistence in
confining the growing business within its present incon-
venient limits will but injure trade without securing the
contemplated advantag,es.

Another objection to cross the water has been the equally
untenable position of its militating against the interests
of the shoi)keepers of Liverpool, by withdrawing their
customers from them. Should this be the effect of occu-
pying both sides of the Mersey, it is one for which no
remedy will be found in attempting to confine the trade to
one side, bat rather induce the raising of a rival interest,
which might better have been a union of interests. But
so far from the tradesmen of Liverpool being injured by '
the peopling of Birkenhead and the adjacent townships,
the reverse is rather the case. Some of them have
establishments on the other side, and vast numbers of the
Cheshire population deal with tradesmen on this side,
while most of the shops are supplied from the same source.
Their interests, therefore, are in a great measure identical,
and it would be difficult to show that the rendering
available to Liverpool commerce the very great natural
advantages to be fothundtheoninituhrye Chesl • shor
of the retail et would
wayethe probabilities are that the effect would
Lop:,erarpteooinl,
be exactly the reverse.

Apart from the more important question of commercial
operations, the population of Birkenhead and the neigh-
bourhood is being considerably extended from local causes,
which must continue to augment it the more its ad-
vantages become known. The streets are wide and
straight, the houses are well built, the sewerage is good,
the supplies of water and gas are ample, and now that the
steam-boats run so continuously, punctually, and rapidly,
for so small a charge, it is virtually placed nearer to Li-
verpool than if the intervening Mersey were spanned by
a bridge. With its picturesque park, second to none in
England; the neighbouring heights of Bidston, from which
an uninterrupted TiCW can be obtained of the coast from

Lancashire to the mountains of \Vale., and its many de-
lightful rides and walks in almost every direction, it pre-
sents advantages, to those whose occupations are in
Liverpool, which render it one of the most attractive
suburbs of the busy town. Commerce will, therefore, but
accompany the march of population in taking the same
direction, until the Liverpool of the futUre, like the Lon-
don of the present, will occupy both sides of the mighty
stream on which she stands.

By far the most important feature, however, of the
Cheshire landscape, in a commercial point of view, is the
vast expanse of water, the dock half formed by nature
known as Wallasey Pool, of Which we subjoin the descrip-
tion given by the celebrated Mr. TELronn in his report,
dated May, IS2S, and which also bears the signatures of
ROBERT STENIENSON and ALEXANDER NIMMO

" Wallasey Creek runs for nearly two miles from the
Mersey, where it is stopped by an embankment, through
which the waters of 3,000 acres of marsh Land pass by a
tunnel. The pool, below the embankment, covers 340
acres at spring tides, and .by its breakwater maintains a
channel through the creek, down to low-water springs,
and with seventeen feet at high-water (springs) as far up
as the embankment. On the south side of the creek, be-
tween Woodside Ferry and Bridge-end, there is a bottom
of sandstone rock, but this ceases at Bridge-end Creek, and
above that place the shore is composed of firm clay, fh for
brickmaking, to a depth at least of thirty feet, in which
the necessary excavations for docks and basins could be
carried on with great facility."
This, though the most important, is, however, but one
of the many natural advantages of the Cheshire shore for
purposes of commerce. We shall proceed in our next to
describe what has been done to render these advantages
available; and follow up these observations by showing
what remains to be done, And the course most advisable
under the circumstances.