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Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-03-16 00:00:00

shale beds, so that their

They also vast

away at certain

seasons.by the expansive action of frost. The superincum-
bent limestone being thus left without a foundation, falls
from time to time in rocky masses. When these enormous

fragments descend, a sshdek is felt at some distance, accom-
panied by a noise like a distant clap of thunder. After the
river has passed over the Falls, its character, observes Capt.
Hall, is immediately and completely changed. It then runs
furiously along the bottom of a deep wall-sided valley, or
huge trench, which has been out into the horizontal strata by
the continued action of the stream during the lapse of ages.
The bed of the river here is strewed over with huge frag-
ments of rock ; the cliffs on both sides are in most places
perpendicular, and the ravine is only perceived on approach-
ing the edge of the precipice. The waters, which expand at
the Falls, where they are divided by the island, are con-
tracted again, after their union, into a stream not more than
160 yards broad. It is remarkable that the water of the pool
into which the cataract is precipitated, and that of the nar-
row channel immediately, below,. instead of being in a
4tate of tremendous agitation;. is. so tranquil as to allow a
ferry-boat to cro'ls with ease, and even to approach within
the reach of the spray, without experiencing any un-
usual motion. Various explanations have been offered of
this phenoinedon. According to Mr. Gibson, the vast body
of sea-green water, instead of plunging deep as a solid column
would do into the sheet below, is drawn out in its descent of
160 feet into white rolls of attenuated foam. He conceives,
'therefore, that most of the water falls lightly in the form of
spray, and the force of the rest is broken by the debris which
lie immediately at the foot of the fall. When the Falls were
visited in 1829 by Mr. R. Bakewell, jun., he ascertained
from a person who had lived 40 years in that part of the
country, and had been the first settler there, that during that
period the Falls on the Canada side bad receded 40 or 50
yards, in consequence of the continued removal of the shale,
and undermining of the limestone, above described. It
seems difficult to speculate on the future rate of recession of
the Falls, for as they retreat the height of the precipice
maybe reducedC or augmented by the varying hardness of
the rocks, the division of the stream by islands, and other
modifying circumstances. If in the course of many thou-
sand years the Falls should reach Lake Erie, 25 miles dis-
tant, that lake might be effectually drained, inasmuch as the
present height of the Falls far exceeds the greatest depth
of the lake. It has been supposed that in this case the
sudden escape of the water might occasion a deluge on the
low lands bordering Ontario ; but in reply, M. De la Beche
has objected, that as the bottom of Lake Erie shelves very
gently from the shore, the discharge, even after the cataract
had receded to the lake, would take place gradually, and it
would require time before the river channel was cut back to
where the water is deepest. It may also be questioned whe-
ther the entire area of Lake Erie may not be converted jnto
dry land before the Falls recede to its shores, so shallow is
this lake, its average depth being only 10 or 12 fathoms, and
and so fast is it filling up with sediment.

ECCLESIASTICAL AND UNIVERSITY

INTELLIGENCE

(From the Oxford Herald.)
In consequence of the lamented death of Mrs. 'Wilberforce,
we believe that no Bampton Lectures will be delivered in the
University Pulpit this year.

PROMOTIONS,

Rev. J. Symons, 8.D., Rector of Radnage, Bucks, and
Vicar of Monkland, Herefordshire, to be Chaplain to R.
Lane, Esq., High Sheriff for the county of Bucks.
Joseph Harris, 8.A., of Pembroke College, Cambridge, to
the Second Mathematical Mastership in the city of London
School, vacant by the resignation of the Rev. T. Cock, M.A.
Rev. Aaron Rogers, M.A., is licensed by the Lord Bishop
of the Diocese, to the Perpetual Curacy of the church of the
district parish of the Holy Trinity, Bristol, vacant by the
cession of the Rev. Thomas Fryer Jennings, on the nomina-
tion of John Scandrett Harford, Esq., A. G. H. Battersby,
Esq., and others.
• . I

Rev. C. Carpenter, P.A., to be Domestic Chaplain to Lord

Beaumont

Rev. W. H. Brookfield, Curate of St. James's Piccadilly,
to be Morning Preacher, at Archbishop
_Tenison's Chapel,
Regent-street, London.

(From the Cambridge Chronicle.)
The Rev. S. Edmund Walker, M. A., late scholar of Tri-
nity college, in this university, and late university theological
crosse scholar:llas been instituted by the right rev. the Lord
Bishop of Exeter to the rectory of Colunib Major, in the
county of Cornwall, void by the death of the Rev. John Tre-
fusis, M.A. Patron Edmund Walker' Esq.
Alfred Wrigley, Esq., 8.A., of St. John's college, in this
university, has been appointed by the directors of the East
India Company, mathematical master of the Artillery and
Engineers' Seminary, at Addiscombe, Surrey.
Thomas Evans, Esq.. 8.A., of St. John's college, in this
university, has been appointed classical master of Shrews-
bury Grammar School.

The Rev. G. Newnhatn, of Trinity college, in this univer-
sity, has been appointed curate of Shaw Melkshatn, in the
county of Wilts. _ _

The Rev. T. Reynolds, of Pembikike College, in this uni-
versity, has been appointed curate of Stanford, in Essex.
The Rev. J. Kitton, of Queen's College, in this university,
has been appointed to the incumbency of the District Church
of Houghton, near Carlisle. _ _

The Rev. T. Holdich, M.A., of Clare Hall, in this univer-
sity, and rector of Maidwell, Northamptonshire, has been
preferred to the rectory of Draughton, in the same county,
vacant by the death of the Rev. E. Griffin. Patron, H. H.
Hungerford, Esq.—Value, £343.
The Rev. C. H. Bromley, of -St. John's College, in this
university, has been appointed to the head mastership of the.
Stepney Proprietary School,

DOCTOR COOKE AND REV. T. D. GREGG

The following document has been published by the deputa-
tion which waited on these reverend gentlemen. Three of
the members are Presbyterians, four Episcopalians, and one
a Methodist :
" We, the undersigned, having been appointed a deputation
to communicate to the Rev. Dr. Cooke and the Rev,. T. D.
Gregg, the resolution unanimously adopted by a most influ-
ential public meeting, held here on the Ist instant, strongly
disapproving of the proposed discussion between those gen-
tlemen, earnestly desiring that it should be abandoned, can
not but deeply regret, that Mr. Gregg should have declined
yielding to the wishes of that meeting. And, at the same
time, we feel called on to express the satisfaction we expe-
rienced from the manner in which Dr. Cooke received the
Deputation, and the desire he manifested to sacrifice his
own feelings in deference to them. And he having placed
the matter entirely in our hands, we beg to state it as our
decided opinion, that (notwithstanding the steps since taken
by Mr. Gregg), for the sake of Protestant peace and union,
Dr. Cooke should not enter on this discussion.

" JoHN CHAINE, Deane of Connor.
" A..C. MAcAttTNEy' Vicar of Belfast.
" DANIEL WAFEE, Wesleyan Minister.
" DAVID HAMILTON, Presbyterian Minister.
" JOHN M'NEILE.
ANDREW MULHOLLAND.

".JAMES GODDARD
"JAMES BLAIR.
" Belfast, March 3, 1841."

MAYNOOTH COLLEGE

Mr. Daniel O'Connell denies that the teaching at May-
nooth goes to impugn the sanctity of an oath, and with that
Jesuitical denial of cherished opinions, which even Maho-
medanism would repudiate, he proceeds to apostrophize upon
the misrepresentation of the meek Abbes, perpetrated by
Sergeant Jackson. Now, what is the testimony of one of
the class books of Maynooth ? By the .Priests' Directory of
1835, Den's Theology is declared to be " the best book ever
published on that subject," and this work is proved, beyond
a question, to be a class book of the Irish Popish college.
What will our readers say, then, to find, that so daring in in-
iquity was Peter Dens that he has devoted a whole chapter
of his work to illustrations " De Juramento simulato," " of
pretended swearing." (Dens, vol. IV., p. 190, Coyne,
Dublin.) In this portion of what the Roman Catholic
bishops declared in council to be " the best theological work
ever PUBLISHED," we have the following:--
"Q. An juramentum si- " Question. Whether an
mulatuni factum per verba oath, apparently made by
exterius serio probato, sed words seriously spoken, but
cum intentione interiori non with the inward intention of
jurandi est verum juramen- not swearing, is a true and
mentum et obligatiorum ? binding obligation ?
"R. Negative, eo quod ju- "Answer. We answer ne-
ramentum movet testimo- gatively, because as to that
nium Dei, qui internam in- the oath invokes the testi-
tentione aspicit et ita sine monv of God, who beholds
intentione jurandi nunquam the inward intention, so with-
j uratur." out the intention of swearing
it is never sworn."
Now, here is an open advocacy of mental reservation and
perjury, and that inculcated in a class book of Maynooth.
But this is not, by any means, the worst portion of the work.
There are laid down in it TH I RTY-THREE DIFFERENT
MODES OF VOIDING LAWS, PROMISES, AND
OATHS ! By the rules propounded laws may be made void
in eleven modes, (Vol. II p. 363,) promises in five modes,
(Vol. 111., p. 297,) vows in seven modes, (Vol. IV., p. 129,)
and OATHS IN TEN MODES, (Vol: IV., p. 214.)
So much for the morality of Maynooth, and the veracity
of Mr. Daniel O'Connell.

Romances are a dangerous recreation. 'Tis like dining
every day on sweetmeats ; it palls your appetite for whole-
some food, and at length makes you hate the sweetmeats too.