The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-02-23 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

STOCK OF FOOD

CONDUCT OF MAN TO WOMAN. —Who, whether
among the graver or less grave, is just to woman ? There
may be moments when the beloved tells us, and tells us
truly, that we are dearer to her than life. Is not this

enough ? Is it not above all merit ? Yea, if even the
ardour of her enthusiasm subsides, if her love ever loses,
later in the day, the spirit and vivacity of its early dawnL-
if between the sigh and the blush an interval is percepti-
ble—if the arm mistakes the chair for the shoulder—what
an outcry is there—what a proclamation of her injustice
and her inconstancy—what an alternation of shrinking and
sparing at the coldness of her heart ! Do we ask within
if our own has retained all its ancient loyalty, all its own
warmth, and all that was poured into it ? Often the true

lover has little of true love compared with what he has
undeservedly received and unreasonably exacted. But
let it also be remembered, that marriage is the metem-
t turns them into different

psychosis of :women

have been mistaken

which at first is

provokes without its att

and prosperi

if duties

For good temper ; the little
tractively provoking, at last

ess ; negligence of order
fifties, long endured, often

danger of following' the example

Savage Lando;

Waltir

HOPES OF THE ROMANISTS OF SUBDUING ENGLAND
TO THE ROMAN SEE.—Never since Pope Sixtus V. blessed
the " Invincible" Spanish Armada, and, in the name of

Heaven, denounced certain ruin on heretical England, has
Rome entertained such high hopes of subduing this coun-
try to the obedience of the Roman See as at the present
time. The instrumentality by which this great object is
now sought to be gained, is, indeed, as different as is the
sixteenth from the nineteenth century. Spain is decrenit.

and intallible artillery cannot now
the Infallible Chprch. Apostolic Rome may not now

" PrOve her doctrine orthodox,
By Apostolic blows and k

•
Art and persuasion take the place of force ; and. „Smith-
field fires, and inquisition dungeons, are things nevernamed

sentative of the Roman Catholic Church in this our -en-
lightened age. Rome`has more than a show of reason for
her lofty hope of subjugating England ; and it must be
matter of surprise that some acute and thoughtful mind,
of the first order of intellect, has not ere this, shown
how many elements of Romanism, mostly latent, some
active, exist amongst us, apart from the peculiar agency
of Rome, but all capable of being made available for
Romish objects. It may be, and we fear it is so, that the

e face, and that the man
who should proclaim unpleasant truths, would receive no
thanks, however valuable were the verities he proclaimed.
—Oxibrd Magazine.

dangers and difficulties fall iii tl

THE BOHEMIAN PEASANTRY.—The third night of our
journey we stopped at the little village of Stecken, and the
next morning, after three hours' walk over the ridgy
heights, reached the old Moravian city of Iglau, built on
a hill. It happened to be Corpus Christi day, and the
peasants of the neighbourhood were hastening there in
their gayest dresses. The young women wore a crimson
scarf around the head, with long fringed and embroidered
ends hanging over the shoulders, or falling in one smooth
ld from 4-" ^f T'

'hey were attired in
sleeves and skirts of

one back of tne head.
black velvet vests, with full white
some gay colour, which were short enough to show to

vantage their red stockings and polished shoe-buckles.
Many of them were not deficient in personal beauty—
there was a gypsylike wildness in their eyes that, com-
bined with their rich hair and graceful costume, reminded
me of the Italian maidens. The towns, too, with their
open squares and arched passages, have quite a southern
look; but the damp, gloomy weather was enough to dis-
pel any illusion of this kind. In the neighbourhood of
Iglau, and, in fact, throughout the whole of Bohemia, we
%w some of the strangest teams that could well be ima-
I thought the Frankfort milkwomen, with their
s and hearselike carts, were comical objects enough
but they bear no comparison with thes

Dogs—for economy's sake, perhaps—
ply the place of oxen or horses, and it is
thing to see three large mastiffs abreast, harnessed to a

iohemian turn-
generally sup-

country ca

ad a cow together are some-

times met with, and one man, going to the festival of Ig-
lau, had his wife and children in a little waggon, drawn
by a dog and donkey. These two, however, did not work
well together ; the dog would bite his lazy companion, and
the man's time was constantly empioyed in whipping him
off the donkey, and in whipping the donkey away from the
side of the road. Once I saw a waggon drawn by a dog,
with a woman pushing behind, while a man, doubtless her
lord and master, sat comfortably within, smoking his pipe
with the greatest complacency ! The very climax of all
was a woman and a dog harnessed together, taking a load
of country produce to market ! I hope, for the honour of
the country, it was not emblematic of the woman's condi-
tion there. But as we saw hundreds of them breaking
stones along the road, and occupied at other laborious and
not less menial labour, there is too much reason to fear
that it is so.—Views a-foot ; or, Europe seen with Knap-
sack and Staff
DIRECT TAXATION
not afford to pay any direct taxes

the extent sown

•We are always told Ireland can-
What, then, comes of

its £12,000,000 of rental? Scotland, with little more
than a third of that land rent, pays it and the assessed
taxes besides, without either complaint or difficulty. But
it is said the landlords are so eat up with mortgages, that
they have not a fourth part of their nominal incomes left
to live upon. That is a good reason for only making them
pay, as under the income tax they would, on the free
balance, deductis debitis. But, in the name of Heaven,
why should the bondholders pay nothing ? If they sit at
home at ease in Dublin, Cork, or. Belfast, and quietly en-
joy £9,000,000 out of the £12,000,000 of Irish rental, why
cannot they as well pay the income tax as their brethren

bute more to the common necessities of the State than
the whole land and industry of Scotland put together.
So vast are the natural resources which Providence has
hpstnwed on the fickle and mi.:mirk/1 nennle and

those enjoyed by the hardy and industiimis Scotch moun-
taineers. On what conceivable ground of justice or reason
can this most monstrous and invidious exemption in fa-
vour of Ireland from income and assessed taxes be de-
fended ? Is it that Ireland with its 12.000.000

acres, and 5,000,

it that 8,300,000 persons now in Ireland, cannot pay even
what 2,900,000 now pay in Scotland ? Is it that Ireland
is so singularly peaceable and loyal, and gives so little
nxiety and disquiet to the rest of the empire, that it must
led for its admirable and dutiful conduct by an
exemption from all direct taxation to govern-
ment ? Is it that the troops required to be kept in it are
so few, and in Scotland so numerous, that the country may
he liberated from taxation, while the latter is subjected to
it in full extent ? Is it that industry in towns in Ireland is
so great, and manufacturing skill so transcendant, that it
is entitled to be liberated from direct taxation in consider-

be rewa
absolute

ation of the vast amount of its indirect custom-house du-
ties, in comparison of which those of London, yielding
£12,000,000 ; of Liverpool, yielding £4,500,000 a-year ;
or Glasgow and the Clyde Harbours, yielding £1,200,000 ;
and Leith, yielding £589,000, are as nothing ? Or is it
that thii extraordinary exemption is the reward of tumult,
dissatisfaction, and treason ; of turbulent demagogues and
iests, and an indolent people ; of active and in-
nbination for the purposes of evil, and total in-
res of good ? And is it that
.egeneration of government by the

ability to combine for pt
the first fruit.

lietorm Bill, that it can raise a revenue only from the
loyal and pacific and industrious part of the empire, and
must proclaim relief from all taxation as the reward of tu-
mult, disorder, murder, monster meetings, and treason ?
We leave it to the advocates of the present system of go-
vernment, or those who established it, to answer these
Blackwood.

questions
A PLE

AND LEARNED ClTY.—Smyrna has no
earthly right to the title of a Turkish city, except the ac-
cident of its happening to be in Turkey. You may go
half over the place and meet not a single Turk, except
those wonderful fellows, tht, porters, whose Herculean
powers have been so
_often_noticed ; or perhaps friend

Hassan, the chief of the police, making a -progress, with
some couple of grim attendants. In fact, in the motley of
its soci_ty, if any one colour prevail, it is that of France ;
for amongst all decent people her language is spoken, and
in all reunions of pretension her colonists are the more
numerous body. The Greeks, to be sure, are in great
plenty, but they occupy'chiefly the lower grade. And as
it so happens that the Sisters of Charity have here an es-
'blishment, and maintain, with much ability and dili-
- a female school, the only one in the place—and
..czarists are equally sedulous in their province,
it seems not unlikely that Smyrna will become entirely
French in spirit, so far as the upper classes are concerned.
At present the mixture only savours strongly of the Gallic
ingredient; and a most agreeable mixture it makes, af-
fording the blended essences of many nations. Few who
have seen much of that society can entertain its reflection
without pleasure ; and all are wise to make the most of its
image, as the wide world affords no twin establishment.
Coming from many parts of Europe, the colonists have,
by the influence of climate and association, been blended
into a general

at the 1

similation of character, yet retaining the
one or two salient points of nationality. Their plysiogno!

mild influences of -lonia; aid It would

be vain to seek in their native countries such beautiful spe.
cimens of French and Italian women (I except Englishwo-
men) as are to be found in this birth-place ci poetry. It is
a city of wonderful linguists, for the necessities of inter-
course demand at least three, and in many. cases four lan-
guages : Greek with the servants, Italian with the shop-
_ _

peepers, and French among the polished. Many of them
possess'more than this number, and truly, wonderful it is to
see them turn from one guest to another in their pleasant
assemblies, and to each address the tongue of his proper
country. The causes that loosened tho vowels and softened
the utterance of the old Greek in lonia, have dipped in
honey the tongues of the modern Levantines ; and what-
ever they are speaking it is always mellifluously. It is
no less true that the old grace of these shores revives in
the persons of the ladies, and gives a Lydian softness to
all that they do. Whether you mark the Armenian ma-
tron, languid from her siesta, seeking the breeze at her
lattice ; or the more active Frank maiden at the hour of
her evening promenade, you are ever struck wigi the idea
of grace and. poetry. But chiefly it is pleasant to mark
them when the unruffled sea and cloudless moon invite
them to wander on the marina, and embark on the waters
—when the hot sun has persecuted the day, and evening
first allowed to breathe freely. There is the bay alive
with boats, and resonant of music and laughter, and the
shore alive with gay promenaders. There are certain
seasons when it might be presumed that the Smyrnists
divorce night from sleep ; for often have I listened to the
cheerful sound till long past midnight, and still has some
passing boat brought music to contribute to my dreams.
Or, take your hat, and wander forth at evening to the
banks of Meles, where Homer sang—whose waters have
washed the feet of the epic father, and say whether Ho.
roer's self would not acknowledge ;hese groups as worthy
of the soil.—Blackwood's Mapzine,

Liverpool
Manchester
Leeds

Birmingham

If we turn to barley, oats, beans,
quantity may be stated in the following tabh

•
None, or scarcely any, except l
for seed

Barley. I Oat

but th

COMPARATIVE MORTALITY BY
SICKNESS.

(From the Topic.)

mortality " in the towns specified.
Premature deaths

annually
3,200
2,130
1,007
1,013

100
,of mountain and.vfaste, has,sfewer of I houses, town halls, and other specious cla

In the Agricultural Gazette of Saturday last, there is
a very important tabular document. It is a st.,t-:.'rnent of
the estimated amount, as compared with other years, of
corn and other food now remaining in the hands of the
farmers. Being an abstract of ninety-four separate re-
turns obtained from practical farmers, in thirty-six Eng-
lish, Scotch, and Welsh counties, it must be presumed to
represent the truth as far as it can be represented by es-
timates. •

The prospect is any thing but gratifying. It shows not
only that farmers hold less than usual of any description
of food, but that the stock of some is well nigh exhausted,
and that the quantity of wheat in their hands is compara-
tively small. The editor of the Agricultural Gazelle, by
whom the returns in question were abstracted, infers that
the stock of wheat is probably one-fifth or one-sixth less
'lan usual, and that appearances are against an early har-
.

vest ; that there is very little more barley in the country
than will suffice for seed ; that the stocks of oats, beans,
and peas are unusually short ; and that if there are enough
potatoes for seed, it is only because no one desires to plant
the usual quantity.

We 'nave carefully gone through the ninety-four state-
ments, and we find that in WHEAT twenty-two persons
only speak of an average quantity on hand, four of an un-
usual quantity, and sixty-eight of much diminished stock.
Yet it is of wheat that the most faiourable account is

and peas the

It must be confessed that this is a serious state of
things ; and what adds to their unfavourable appearance
is, the very general announcement that turnips are rotting
fast, or are actually gone. It, however, appears on the
other hand, that hay is unusually plentiful.
The editor of the Agricultural Gazette attaches very
considerable importance to the returns from which the con-
clusions have been drawn. They were prepared by practical
men, each well known as such in his own district, and, in
most cases, the questions submitted to them were made the
subject of consultation with neighbours equally well-in-
formed.

I In Yorkshire, the Wheat crop is described as less than

)ther roots failing fast: hay DI
usual

continued frost

renders opinion as to the present appearance worthless."
In Lancashire, wheat and oats are said to be average
crops ; potatoes are described as near the average ; of tur-
nips and other roots few are remaining ; the present ap-
pearance of the crops is said to be backward and badly.

In Cheshire, the wheat is described as being two-thirds
of the usual average ; of barley, little, if any, is on hand ;
of oats, two-thirds • of beans, none ; of peas, none ; of
potatoes, " there will, probably be plenty of seed here."
Of young wheat there is a full average sown ; but " it has
looked badly-of late."

TAR AND

From these statements it may' e concluded that cannon
and balls are comparatively, harmless things, and frighten
more people than they hurt, and that military danger,
and its inferential prowess, have been prodigiously over-
rated. A comparison of the registers of mortality will
convince us that a hero, placed in the trenches of a be-
leaguered fortress, where he is exposed for weeks to a
continued shower of cannon shot, or placed on a field of
1-fie before the h”-- d most reso7

~re ..,ravest ant. _ ..ate of his enemies,
has a much better chance of life, and runs less risk of
premature death, than if he worked in some undrained
street, and slept in a crowded room in Bristol or Liver-
ao uncommon pool. The chance of life was at the

Siege of Flushing.. 420 to'l Shopkeeping Liver-
Siege of Antwerp.. 68 to 1 pool l7 to 1
Siege of Badajos .. 54 to 1 Weaving Manchester 17 to 1
Battle of Waterloo 30 to 1 Sawmaking Sheffield 14 to 1
The account of the loss of life in the "trade of war " and
in " peaceful trade " may be stated thus. Assuming a
fair average mortality to be 1 in 50, then in places where
this is exceeded, it follows the excess might have been
diminished or saved. It is now thirty-one years since
the battle of Waterloo was won, and between that time
and this there have been the following numbers of pre-
vpntimp d oath a n, 0. ~. cc _1

Total in
31 years.
99,200
66,030
31,217
31,403

ur in tour towns, during thirty-one years, 227,850 human
beings have been destroyed whose lives might have been
preserved to their families and the public—a carnage equal
to that of one hundred and three baffles, each as bloody
as that fought at Waterloo. The " game of war, played
by princes," has been a subject of vituperation from Nim-
rod to Bonaparte, but princes and conquerors have not, on
the whole, been the most heartless or most desperate gam-
blers; their battles have a cessation, and they end in
peace. The real, remorseless, wholesale slaughterers and
destroyers of mankind, whose deadly work goes on from
year to year and for ever, are men who shiver at the sight
of a naked sword, and shut their eyes when an unloaded
musket is pointed towards them ; who walk about with
pens behind' their ears and their hands in their pockets,
and ninct ilaue in filo :Than], _ •

pestilential streets that intervene between their villas and
their counting-houses, and instinctively cross the road to
avoid contact with their contagious-looking townsmen

unconcernedly look on thousands of their neighbours at-
tacked by disease, disabled from labour, consigned to the
workhouse, or prostrated by death, and deposited by
fifties and hundreds in revolting dead-pits ; while in feast-
_
xchanges, court
)-trap uudertak-

enormous amount, which should be held sacred, and ap-
plied to promote improvements that would alleviate and
prevent the havock and destruction made on the lives and
health of their indigent fellow-citizens—those citizens by
whose toil and skill the public wealth has been created.