The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-04-27 00:00:00

EXPORTATION OF GOLD.

The entire export of gold.made. and about to be made, to the
United States, is said to amount to three Millions. The export
by the Bank is easily accounted 'for on the ordinary.principles
of business—the Bank is merely doing for itself what the private
merchant would otherwise do by its means. Gold pays, or ra-
ther paid, a commission on export to New York. lie that ex-
ported gold for the sake of the commission, procured it from the
Bank. The Bank exports its own Ohl, and secnres the com-
mission for itself. What will be the ,consequencri of the export ?
To revive trade say some. A new impetus will be given to the
American market, and England will receive the benefit of it.
The mode of giving the impetus is novel, to say the least of it.
America sends us cottons, and, instead of payment in goods,
America gets payment in cash, which she may bring hack tens,
or send elsewhere. A revival of trade, arising 'out of such a
process, pretty much resembles the old story of making the pig
run west by driving him east. Let us look to the question a
little more narrowly. The American banks, after a stoppage
unprecedented in. history, are preparing, in obedience to the
law, to resume cash payments. The United States Bank is un-
derstood to he a holder of cottons to an immense amount. The
bills of the. United States Bank on the English cotton-brokers
will be discounted with English gold. The Bank will return
to its legal and customary mode of doing business. its notes
will rise to par. A few of the older and stronger banks will be
able to follow its example. Those who cannot will at once be
declared bankrupt. The only thing that has prevented them
from becoming bankrupt hitherto has been the universality of
the strike The breaking up of the smaller and weaker banks
will give a shock to credit, which the resumption of cash pay-
ments by the larger and stronger can no wise compensate. The
result will be a panic, not a whit less severe than that of last year,
with this difference, that the remedy cannot be applied to the
relapsed case which was so successful on the original attack.
The comparative abundance of the precious metals will entirely
confirm the anti-paper party in their errors. The clamour
against the gold system was a clamour of the shopocracy, urged
on by their sufferings and Nicholas Biddle. Nicholas has now
an adverse interest. His influence and the distress will be
found pulling different ways. The text tide of mercantile agi-
tation will probably be a neap. Van Buren will be confirmed
in his metallic theory;, its enemies will be powerless. The two
countries, instead of working together for mutual enlightenment,
will only sink into each other'S pernicious example. The dis-
ease, which is now acute, will become chronic; the distress,
which is now transitory, Will become fixed.
,Only a general
breaking up and reconsiruction of the elements. of society can,
in such a case, be looked forward to, as affording the chance of
a cure—a chance which, we believe, the great masses of Eng-
land are by no means disposed to hazard.—Birmingloim Journal,

HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY'S ARCTIC DISCOVERY
EXPEDITION.

• I 'rise lively interest *hieh the British public have for such a
length of time manifested in the fa 'thee (.lisoovery of the Arctic
regions, induced the Hudson's 13,1 y Comp‘ly to d••termiiie 11 LI
equipping an expedition, solely at their oa n expense, and com-
posed of their own officers and servants, with the view of en-
deavouriug to complete the survey of the northern shores of
the American continent.
The formation and equipment of the expedition were entrust-
ed to. Mr. Simpson, the resident governor, in the spring of 1836.
That genteman, on his arrival front England at Norway-house,
Lake Winnipeg, in the month of June in the same year, beat
up for volunteers for this arduous service. Two active and en-
terprising leaders, Messrs. P. W. Deese and Thomas Simpson,
and twelve men, were immediately selected and forwarded with
the necessary supplies to Fort Chipewayau, Athabasca Lake
where they passed the winter of 1836-7. Immediately after
the opening of the navigation on the Ist of June, 18-37, the
party started from Fort Chipewayan in two small boats, which
they had constructed in the course of the winter, descended the
Stave River, passed the western end of Great Slave Lake,
where they were detained several days by ice, and descended
Mackenzie's River to Fort Norman, where they arrived on the
ht of July. From Fort Norman they despatched two of their
party, with two other men belonging to Fort Norman, to the
eastern end of Great Bear's Lake, for the purpose of erecting
a small establishment at which they might take up their
quarters for the following winter, and of laying up a stock of
provisions preparatory to an extension of their survey in the
summer of 1838. These arrangements being made, Messrs.
Deese and Simpson, with the remainder of their people, form-
ing a party of twelve in all, continued their route down the
Mackenzie, and reached Fort Good Hope, the most northern
establishment belonging to the company on the 4th, where they
found an assemblage of Hare and Laucheoux Indians, from
whom they learned that the Esquimaux had killed three of their
party a short time previous, which prevented the discoverers
taking an interpreter from that tribe.
On the 9th of July, they reached the ocean by the most
westerly mouth of the 'Mackenzie, making its situation in lat.
68'deg. 49 min. 23 sec. N., long. 136 deg. 45 sec. W. They
bad proceeded but a short distance seaward *hen a party of
nineteen Esquimaux went off to them from 'Tent Island, who
showed a disposition to be., troublesome, but returned to their
encampment when they found the party prepared to defend
' themselves if necessary. The progresS of the party'aiong the
coast was very slow, owing to frequent obstructions from ice,
cold, dense fogs, and strong head-winds. On the afternoon of
the 17th they reached Point Kay, where they found another
encampment of Esquimaux, and where they were detained by a
compact body of ice, occupying; Phillip's Bay until the 14th.
They continued their 'route till the 17th. when an unbroken
pack of ice, extending to seaward, made them seek the shore in
Camden Bay, near a large camp of Esquima,ux, who received
them kindly. In the afternoon'there appeased a narrow passage
of water through• the ice, stretching outwards, and they
immediately embarked, but had not proceeded above three
miles ftpna the land when the ice suddenly closed upon them,
squeezing one of their boats, Which, with their provisions and
baggage, they had much difficulty in saving; and, by means of
portages from one piece of ice to the other, the oars serving as
bridges, they finally' got on it large floe, where they passed an
inclement and anxious night. On
.the 20th, they reached
Foggy Island Bay, when they were stopped by ice and a violeut
northeast Wind until' the 23rd, having on the preceding day
made an ineffectual attempt to weather Point Anxiety. in Which
they narrowly escaped with. a thorough drenching. The
latitude ashore was 70 deg. 9 min. 48 sec. 'From this situation
they had the satisfaction of discovering a range of the' Rocky
Mountains to the westward of the Romanzoff chain, and not
seen by Sir John Franklin, but being within the limit of his
survey, called it the Franklin Range, as a just tribute to his
character and merits. That evening they reached Sir John
Franklin's Return Reef, where their survey commenced, that
officer having got no further. 'Return Reef is one of a chain of
reefs which run for twenty miles parallel to the coast, at the
distance of about half a league, affording sufficient water within
for their small craft. The mainland is very low. From Point
• Berens* to Cape Halkett it forms Harrison's Bay, fifty miles
broad, by about a third of that distance in depth. At the bottom
of this bay another picturesque branch of the Rocky Mountains
Range rears its lofty peaks above these fiat shores, which they
named Pellv's Mountains, in honour of the governor of the
company. At their base flows Colville's River, two miles broad
at its mouth, to the south-west of which stands Cape Halkett,
where they were detained by a north-east gale the whole of the
following Wiy. The country extending to the foot of the moun-
tains appeared to consist of plains covered with short grass and
moss, a favourite resort of reindeer, of which they saw numerous
herds. Observations were obtained determining Cape .Halkett
to be in lat. 70 deg. 53 min. N., long. 152 deg. 14 min. W; the
variation of the compass 43 deg.. 8 min. 33 sec. E.
Next morning, 26th July, they passed the Gany, a river about
one mile broad.
From Cape llalkett the coast turned suddenly off to the
W.N.W. ' It presented to the eye nothing but a succession of
low banks of frozen mud. In the evening they passed the
mouths of a large stream, which they named. Smith's River.
• From thence for about nine miles the coast line is formed of
'gravel reefs, near the extremity of which, at Point Pitt, the
land trends more to the westward. Here they were detained by
ice until the following afternoon, (27,) when an opening pre-
senting itself, they resumed their route. It blew a cutting blast
from the north-east, and the salt water froze upon the oars and
rigging. Point Drew, seven miles distant from their last en-
campine.nt, is the .commencement of a bey of considerable size,
but extremely shallow, and much encumbered with ice. To
seaward the ice was stilt smooth and solid, as in the depth of a
sunless winter. At midnight they reached a narrow projecting
point, across which the peaks of some high icebergs appeared.
This point they named Cape George Simpson, as a marke of
respect for the governor of the company's territories, to whose
excellent arrangements the success of the expedition is in a grew
measure indebted.

This point was destined to be the limit of their boat naviga-
tion, for during the four following days they were only able to
advance as many miles. The weather was foggy and -dismally
cold, the wild fowl passed in long flights to the westward, and
there seemed little prospect of their being able to reach Beeehey's
Point Barrow by water. Boat Extreme is situated in lat. 71
deg. 3 min. 24 sec. N., long. 154 deg. 26 min. 30 sec. W., varia-
tion of compass 42 deg. 36 min. IS see. E.
Under these circumstances Mr. Thomas Simpson undertook
to complete the journey on foot, and accordingly started on the
Ist of August with five men, Mr. Pease and other five men re-
maining in charge of the boats. , .
The' pedestrians carried with them their arms, some ammu-
nition, pemican, a small oiled canvas canoe for crossing the ri-
vers, the necessary astronomical instruments, and a few trin-
kets for the 'natives.

It was one of the worst days of the whole season. and the fog
' was so dense that the party were under the necessity of rigidly
following the tortuous outline of the coast, which for 20 miles
formed a sort of irregular inland bay, (being guarded without
by a series of gravel reefs,) the shore of which was almost on a
level with the water, and intersected by innumerable salt creeks,
through which they waded, besides three considerable rivers
which they traversed in their portable canoe. Neat day the
weather improved, and at noon Mr. Simpson had an observation
for lat. in 71 deg. 9 min. 45 sec. The land now 'inclined to the
south-west, and continued very low and muddy, and, as on the
preceding day, abounded in salt creeks, whose waters were at
the freezing temperature. The party had proceeded about ten
miles, when, to their dismay, the coast suddenly turned off to
the southward, forming an inlet as far as the eye could reach.
At the same moment they descried at no great distance a small
camp orEsquiniaux, to which they immediately directed their
steps. The men were absent hunting, and the women and
children took to their boats in the greatest alarm, leaving be-
hind them an infirm man, who was in an agony of fear. A few
words of friendship removed his apprehensions' and brought
back the fugitives, who were equally surprised and delighted to
behold white men. They set before the party fresh reindeer
meat and seal oil.

Mr. Simpson now determined to adopt a more expeditious
mode of travelling, by obtaining the loan of their " oomiaks,"
or family skin canoes, to convey the party to Point Barrow,
with which, from a chart drawn by one of the women, it ap-
peared these people were well acquainted.
Fthir oars were fitted With lashings to this strange craft. Be.-
fore starting the bunters arrived, and presents of tobacco, awls,
buttons, &c. were made to all the inmates of the encampment,
with which they were highly gratified.
Deese's inlet is five miles broad at'this place, yet so lowis
the land that the one shore is just visible from the other in the
clearest weather. It now again blew strongly from the north-
east, bringing back the cold dense fog; but the 'traverse was
effected by the aid of the compass. The waves ran high, and
the skin-boat surmounted them with great buoyancy. The
party encamped on the west side of the inlet. The banks there
were of frozen mud, ten or twelve feet high; the country within
Was perfectly flat, abounded in snaalllakes, and produced a very
short grass;' but nowhere had the thaw penetrated more than
two inches beneath the surface, while under water along the
shore the bottom was still impenetrably frozen. Not a log of
wood was to be found in this land of deSolation ; 'but our party
followed the example of the natives, and made their fire of the
roots of the dwarf willoW in a' little chimney of turf. Next
morning (August 3) the fog cleared for ahwile, but it. was still
bitterly cold, and the swell beat violently on the outside of a
heavy line of ice which lay packed upon the shore.
To weather this was a work of danger ; but the goodqualities
of their boat, after a severe trial, carried them safely through.
The land ran out for five miles to the northward, then turned
off to the N.W.. beyond which, at Point Christie, the lat. 71
'deg. 12 min. 36 sec. was observed. From thence the coast
'trended more westerly for ten miles, forming two points and a
bay, which Mr. Simpson named after the chief factors Charles
and Rowland, and chief trader 'Loss. The party then came up
to what appeared a large bay, where they halted for two orthree
hours to await the dispersion of the fog, n.t knowing which Way
to steer. In the evening their wish was gratified, and the wea-
'tiler from that time was sensibly ameliorated. The hay was
now ascertained to be only four miles in width ; the depth half-
way across was Ia fathom, on a bottom of sand; thatof Dease's
Inlet was afterwards found to be two fathoms, muddy bottom,
being the greatest depth between Return Reef and Point Bar-
roW, except at ten miles S.F. from Cape Ilalket, where three
fathoms We're sounded 'on their return. After crossing NI 'Ken-
iies Bay, the coast again trended for eight or nine miles to the
N.N.V. A cOmPaCt body of ice extended all along. and be-
yond the reach of vision to seaward; but the party carried their
light vessel within that foiroidable barrier, and made their way
through the narrow channels close to the shore.
At midnight they passed the Mouth of a fine deep river, a
quarter of a mile Wide, to which Mr. Simpson gave the nameof
the Bellevue, and in less than an hour afterwards the rising sun
gratified him with the view of Point Barrow stretching out to
the N.N.W. They soon crossed Elson Bay, which, in the Per-
fect calm, had acquired a tough coating of young ice, but had
much difficulty in making their way through a broad and heavy
pack that rested upon the shore. -On reaching it, and seeing
the ocean extending away to the southward, they hoisted their
flag, and with three cheers took possession of their discoveries
in her Majesty's name.
Point Barrow is a long low spit, composed of gravel and
coarse sand, which the pressure of the ice has forced up into nu-
merous mounds, that, viewed from a distance, assume the ap-
pearance of huge boulder rocks. At the spot where the party
lauded, it is only a quarter of a mile across, but is broader to-
wards its termination. The first object that presented itself, on
looking round the landing place, was an immense cemetery. The
bodies lay exposed in the most horrible and disgusting manner,
and many of them appeared so fresh that the men became
alarmed that the cholera, or some other dreadful disease, was
raging among the natives,„ Two considerable camps of the_
latter stood' at no great di4t)lice on the' point, hut none of tha
inmates ventured to approach till our party first visited them,
and, with the customary expressions of friendship, dissipated
their apprehensions.
A brisk traffic then began, after which the women formed a
circle, and danced to a variety of airs, some of which were
pleasing to the ear. The whole conduct of these people was
friendly in the extreme; they seemed to be well acquainted with
the character, if not the persons, of white men; and were pas-
sionately fond of tobacco. •
To the northward enormous icebergs covered the ocean; but

*The different rivers, capes, and other remarkable objects
between Franklin's Return Rcef and Beechey's Cripe.Borrow,
were named.hy Messrs. Dease and Simpson after the governor
and directors of the Hudson's Bay Company, and other gentle-
men connected with the fur trade.

'on the western side there was a fine open channel, which the
Esquitnaux assured the party extended all along to the south-
ward, and so inviting was the prospect in that Airection that,
had such been his object, Mt. Simpson would not have hesitated
a moment to prosecute the vovage to Cook's Inlet in his skin
canoe. The natives informed him that whales were numerous
to the northward of the point, and seals were everywhere-sport-
ing among the ice. . ,

It was high water between one and two o'clock a m. and p.m.,
the rise of the tide was 14 inches, and the flow came from the
westward. Observations were obtained which determine the
position of the landing-place to be in lat. 71 de. 23 min 33 sec.
N., long. 156 deg. 20 min 0 sec. W. agreeing closely with the
observations of Mr. Eisoo. Then, bidding adieu to their good-
humoured and admiring entertainers, the party set out on their
return.

They reached the western mouth of the Mackenzie on the 17th
of August, and Fort Norman on the 4th of September, from
whence their report is dated on the following day.
From Fort Norman they were about to proceed to the eastern
end of Great Bear',s Lake; there to pass the winter, from thence
haul their boats across to the Coppermine River, and resume
their survey to the eastward at the opening of the navigation in
July next, with the view of connecting the discoveries of Sir
John Franklin and Captain Back from Point, Turnagain to
Great Fish River, in which, from the activity and perseverance
of the leaders, it is confidently hoped they will be successful.

It is a fact not generally known that Benedict, the composer
of the new opera at. Drury-lane, was a pupil of Weber at the
time he wrote "Der Frieschutz."
THE NEWFOUNDLAND FISHERY.—The banks of Newfound-
land may be regarded as one of the wonders of the world; in
fact they are curses or vast alluvial tracts on the bre,st of the
ocean, which allow man to reap without the trouble of sowing,
and most amazing are the 'finny harvests they yield. The fish
caught on these banks finds its way to the most distant parts of
the earth—thanks to the valuable condiment salt, and the
humane policy that rendered it almost as cheap as water, and•
applicable even as seasoning to the food of cattle. In the year
1830 nearly a million quintals of dried cod fish were exported
from Newfoundland, and in 1833 about half the number of
casks filled with seal skins. In addition to these articles there
were considerable exports of cod and seal oil, staves, salted
salmon, herrings, mackerel, tongues, sounds and caplins, the
last a fish so multitudinous that it actually colours the waters
when it arrives on the coast. The total annual value of the
Newfoundland trade may be estimated in round numbers at two
millions sterling. But this is merely the British portion of the
traffic, forthe French and Americans also cure to an immense
extent, and have not been backward in profiting by the advan-
tages so impoliticly, granted to them. in 1814. During the
night the former fish in-shore, contrary to the rules of honour
and good faith, while the latter du much injury by throwing the
offal of all fish they take back into the sea from whence it came.
The Newfoundland coil is the finest in the world ; the head is
smaller, and the flesh is firmer than the species which frequent
our own shores, not excepting the rock kind, and when eaten
inthe fresh state, nothing can be more delicate, not even the
salmon, sole; or the celebrated white bait, so much prized by
the members of the municipality of London.