The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-08-18 00:00:00

1147P414 WlTTApeigl, 'MOM tiPf.TH I 7

R!gt, t

lanjesty's—Priv'Y 63`u.' noil, Qc;vozT..fri:

The following are the most important extracts from the America, &v. &e. &c.
papers brought by the Britannia steam-ship, which arrived The address of the magistrates and other inhabitants of Fre-
here on Friday : • - -
(From the Halifax Times of Aug. 4.)
The royal mail steam-ship Britannia, Capt. Woodruff, ar-
rived this morning at half-past 11 o'clock, having left Boston to
on Saturday at 2 p.m. The United States news is not of pot
much importance, but our paper would have taken to Eng- cellency's discharge of those high functions,
land not only the latest news from thence, but the Canadian by our gracious sovereign as her representative in the govern-
and new Brunswick news. (the regular mail from Canada meat of her North American dominions.
having arrived this morning,) had there been the least item Possessing ourselves, beyond the common lot, the benefits
of importance. Great Britain would thus have received the springing from the well-regulated state of our internal affairs,
latest intelligence from all parts of the American continent, and the firm and cordial support afforded by all classes of the
for almost the first time, by way of her own province of Nova community, to every measure calculated to maintain order
Scotia. Upper Canada dates are to the 23d, Montreal and and to ensure the peace- and well-being of society ;we can
Quebec to the 25th ult.—Boston dates to the afternoon of assure your excellency, that our anxious prayer and fullest
the Ist August. sympathy for your success will attend all your endeavours to
restore internal peace and union, and to establish a sound po-
BOSTON, AUGUST I.—lt is stated that Capt. Talcott of the hey on the basis of well-digested constitutional rights in our
U.S. Engineers, Prof. Renwied, of- Columbia College, and sister-colonies—the Canadas.
Prof. Cleveland, of Ohio, have been appointed by the Presi- We regard the visit of your excellency to this province as
dent, Commissioners for the exploration and survey of the a subject of just congratulation, as we feel confident that the
North Eastern Boundary, under the late act of Congress extensive resourses of a province so rapidly developing them-
appropriating 25,000 dollars for the purpose. The selection selves and so capable of being rendered of increased impor-
is certainly a good one. tance to the parent state, wilt not escape the observation of
It is estimated by the Connecticut Courant, that upwards of your excellency, nor fail to excite a deep interest in our
seventy factories have ceased operations in New England, welfare.
and that at least one fourth of the population of the United To which the governor-in-chief made the following reply :
States are now out of employment. Gentlemen,—l beg you to accept my warm acknowlegd-
ATLANTIC STEAM NAVIGATION.—We learn from the ments for your address.
Philadelphia Inquirer, that a meeting was held in that city I have received very sincere satisfaction from my visit to
on Tuesday, for the purpose of adopting primary measures this part of her majesty's dominions. The tranquillity which
with reference to steam-ships between l'hiladelphia and Eu- prevails, the harmony existing among all branches of your
rope. The Hon. James Harper, presided, and Frederick government, afford the best guarantee for the advancement
Fraley, Esq. acted as Secretary. Frederick Fraley, John of this fine province; and it w.ll afford ins the greatest plea-
Sharp, Townsend, Sharpless, Samuel V. Merrick, and Dr. sure to co-operate with your lieut.-governor in all measures
James M‘Henry were appointed a committee to devise the which may lead to its increased prosperity.
best mode of organising a company for the purpose of carry-
ing the laudable enterprise into effect. They are to report at The first result of the visit of his excellency the governor-
an adjourned meeting of which due notice will be given.— general to the shores of New Brunswick has, we understand,
Boston Times. been made pnblic in his engagement to forward the great oh-
" OLD REED," for thirty years police-officer in Boston, ject of having complete surveys made of the various routes
died on Wednesday night, at the age of 72 by his compute- for a canal to connect the waters of the St. Lawrence with
tion, and 82 by that of others. those of the Bay of Fundy, his excellency having stated to
FANNY Er.ssLEß.—This danseuse is now at the Holiday- our worthy lieut.-governor that Canada will be ready in the
street Theatre, in Baltimore. She made her first appearance spring, by which the survey can be begun, to grant £lOOO in
on Tuesday night, and drew an immense house. Last night aid of the New Brunswick grant towards the expense ; and
she performed again, and every nook and corner of the theatre that he will do all in his power to carry out the views of the
was crowded. There appears to have been a " generous merchants of St. John on the subjects of rates of postage and
emulation" all over the country to prevent New York from a daily mail to Halifax. These are proceedings worthy of
carrying away the palm in devotion to heels. the talents and station of his excellency, and will deservedly
NEW YORK MARKETS, July 29.—Coal.—Sales have been add 'to his fame, and they are doubly gratifying by being so
made of 100 tons Liverpool at 8 dols.; and 291 do. Cannel, pion- ptly done.
8 dohs. 50c., both 1 mos. Two small cargoes Sidney remain At Halifax the governor-general was well received. He
afloat unsold. was addressed by the representatives of the presbyterian
Flour and Meal.—The receipts from the interior continue synod in connexion with the church of Scotland, and attended
moderate, and holders of parcels in good order demand for- a public ball.
mer rates, but for some not in good condition a reduction has
been submitted to ; 500 bbls. Genesee, of a good common
brand, in handsome order, was taken yesterday, for export
to England, at 5 dols. cash. For Southern there has been
but little enquiry for a few days past, and we have only to
notice sales of Georgetown, of which the stock is principally
composed, in lots, at 5 dots. 25c. Southern Rye Flour is
steady, at the advance before noticed. Corn Meal, in bar-
rels, is scarce, and holders now generally demand 3 dols.
Grain.—There have been no further receipts of new
Wheat, and there is little or no old in the market; we have
heard of no sales. Northern Rye comes in very sparingly,
and is readily taken for distilling at 57 to 58 cents, delivered.
Oats remain without change. Southern Corn continues
scarce—short of demand ; the last sale was at 58 cents,
weight. Northern and Jersey may be quoted nominally at
57 to 59 cents.
NEW YORK MONEY M RKET, July 30.—The market dis-
plays nearly the same features to-day as for the last week.
the street is full of tumours affecting the standing of many
banks and associations. Money is plenty for good securi-
ties, and produce is plenty. There is no demand for specie,
while there is a total absence of all enterprise. The prevail-
ing character of the money market is a growing want of con-
fidence in the existing banking institutions, and nothing can
prevent a complete panic in corporate securities hut some de-
cisive measure on the part of the United States Bank, either
to resume specie payments, or to satisfy the public by a de-
tailed report of its condition, that it has the means of paying
its debts. At the board this morning, United States Bank
stock closed at a decline of .14- per cent from the close of yes.
terday morning; Harlem Railroad declined 1 per cent; New
Jersey Railroad 1 per cent ; Delaware and Hudson per
cent ; North American Trust and Banking Co. improved 1
per cent ; Stonington declined 1 per cent.
The United States Bank is concentrating its specie in
Philadelphia from all points ; amounts have recently arrived
there from the south, and its specie in this city, to the
amount of nearly 500,000 dollars, it 'is stated, has been
transmitted to Philadelphia.
TuE CORN CROPS.—The harvest on the west branch of
the Susquehannah has nearly or quite closed, and is one of
the richest with which the labours of the farmer have been
rewarded for many years. With the single exception of rye,
there has been a most abundant crop, and of superior quality ;
but what little rye was raised in the vicinity was somewhat
touched with mildew.
Lou isviLLE, July 25.—The river is at present falling
slowly here. Boats of the very smallest class navigate to
Pittsburg, 5i feet below the falls, and in the canal. Business
continue dull; transactions are mostly confined to sugar,
coffee, bagging snit rope. Very little bacon coming in at
present ; the demand and supply limited. We hear of a
small sale of Tenn. Cotton at Oen, rather dull, very little
demand ; we quote Miss. at 7 and 8 cts. 100 bbls Flour sold
at the river for 3 dol. 6, little in market—sales at retail 3
dol., 75 a 4 dol. Wheat at the mills 50 cents. Farmers
are anxious to sell, but at advanced price. Corn at the
river, 40 a 54c.-30 hhds. tobacco arrived and sold this week
at 5 dol. to 6,30 dol. for No. 1-4 dol. to 5 dol. No. 2 ; 2
No. 3—in demand, and very little coming in.
SAVANNA", July 25.—Our cotton market has been ex-
ceedingly dull all the week. The sales are 280 bales at 81a
cts. There is a better supply of flour, and sales are
confined to small parcels at previous prices. Howard st at
6a6+ dol., 100 half brig. Canal in pairs at 7:1-dol. Sales of
600 bushels of corn from ship board at 65 cents, and 100
bushels from store at 70a75 cents.
MOBILE, July 21.—Since our notice of this day week,
prices in cotton have ruled about uniform with our then
quotations. Sales have fallen off to some 600 bales per week.
We quote at 6% a 71 for interior and ordinary, to 9i, forlair.
We quote western flour 5 dollars, 50 per bbl.
CorroN.—Arrived since the 28th inst. 6004 hales ; making
a reduction in stock of 5779 bnles, leaving on hand, inclusive
of all on ship-board, not cleared on the 21st instant, a stock

tisfaction with the dominant party in the provincial assembly.
They seem to think that they have been too free in dividing
the "spoils" among themselves and their friends. But we
are ill able to judge at this distance; we know that in all the
colonies there are some whose zeal to serve the public is ex-
cessive, and many who are " looking out" for " the spoils."
We hear that there are a great number of cases of typhus
fever at the Marine-hospital. This fever is highly infectious,
and often very fatal. Several cases have made their appear-
ance in town, and it behoves all the citizens to be particularly
careful to watch over the cleanliness of their premises, and
airing their apartments.
We understand that a marble monument to the memory of
the late Duke of Richmond, who died here while governor-
general, has been received, and will be erected immediately
in the English cathedral of this city.

MEXICO.
By the brig Helen Maria, Captain Swetzee, 22 days from
Tobasco, we have received intelligence that the central gene-
ral, Don Ygnacio, had taken possession of the principal fort
at Tobasco, the remainder of the city is in possession of the
federal general, Don Fernando Nicholas Maldonada. The
fort and the frontier had declared in favour of the federalists
and proceeded to Tobasco with a reinforcement of one hun-
dred men, and six pieces of cannon. Without any doubt the
central general would have to give up the fort, &c. The com-
mandant of the frontier and fort, together with Don Arguy,
the second governor of Tobasco, were taken prisoners on the
frontier, and sent to Laguna. The Federal man-of-war was
expected in the next day.
The American brig Star, Mitchell, of North Yarmouth,
was fired into by the central party at Tobasco, and had to
drop down the river and wait till hostilities ceased. The
country was in a very critical and unsettled state.

Of 40,131 bates.
The corn crop in Florida is very flattering. More atten-
tion has been paid by the farmers to the production of such
articles of domestic consumption as can be raised on the
plantations, by which they establish an independence of the
cotton fluctuations. The slaves, in many instances, are fed
and clothed entirely from the plantation, and the planter has
very little to buy, and that little only what he cannot make
or raise at home ; so that the necessity to sell his cotton is
greatly reduced, and he can lay up his entire crop for one or
two years, and dispose of it when prices suit him.
A great freshet was produced at Washington on Thursday
night July 23d, by a tremendously heavy rain. The streets
were deluged, a considerable portion of Pennsylvaunia
Avenue was overflowed, cellars filled, bridges swept away,
&c. The damage done is estimated at 40,000 dollars.
EMIGRATION.—The number of emigrants arrived at Que-
bec this season up to July 18, from Great Britain and Ireland
is 17,592, being an increase of 12,358 in favour of 1840.
BOUNDARY.—Captain Broughton, R. E. accompanied by
Mr. Featherstonhaugh, Jun. and Mr. Russell, who came out
in the Britannia, being appointed to continue the survey of
of the disputed territory, have arrived at Fredericton.
DINNER TO THE HONOURABLE SAMUEL CUNARD.—
A public meeting of the citizens of Quebec, took place on
the 20th ult. for the purpose of taking into consideration the
most appropriate manner of testifying to the Hon. Samuel
Cunard on his expected arrival in that city, the high sense
they entertain of the benefits conferred on the British pos-
sessions of North America, by the introduction of steam
navigation between Great Britain and her colonies, which
has been carried into effect mainly through the spirited exer-
tions of that gentleman. A resolution was unanimously
passed at the meeting, " That the l lon. Samuel Cunard be,
on his arrival at Quebec, invited to a public dinner "—and
some preparatory arrangements were 'immediately entered
into.

(From the Halifax Journal, August 3.)
We hlve nothing later from England than received by the
Britannia.

Caors.—Accounts of the appearance of the crops in all
parts of the province are highly pleasing, and there is every
prospect of an abundant harvest. A great portion of the
hay has been housed, in good order; and, uponthe whole, is
a fair average crop.

.
Mr. Cunard has met with a most splendid reception in
Boston. A public dinner has been given to him by the citi-
zens of that place, at which upwards of 2,000 persons were
present ; he has also been waited upon by a committee of
gentlemen, requesting his acceptance of a handsome piece of
plate, as a future mark of the high opinion entertained of his
enterprising and public spirit by the inhabitants of Boston.
At a public meeting of the citizens of Quebec, it was re-
solved that a public dinner should be given to the Hon. S.
Cunard, on his arrival at Quebec, as a mark of the sense en-
tertained of the gigantic undertaking, relative to steam-
packets, in which Mr. Cunard has embarked. Mr. Cunard
was expected, it appears, to visit Quebec after the Boston
le st v ities.—Nova Scotia.
DEPARTURE OF THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL.—On Tues-
day, his Excellency the Governor-general, accompanied 'by
Sir Colin Campbell, their personal suites, and the staff offi-
cers of the garrison, paid a visit to Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas
Harvey, on board of his flag ship the Winchester—a salute
was tired and the yards manned on the occasion. At two
o'clock his Excellency landed at the Dock-yard, and drove to
the Queen's Wharf. His Excellency was received by a guard
of honour, and embarked on board the Unicorn. After his
Excellency had taken leave of Sir Colin Campbell, Sir
Thops,Harvey, &c., the steamer got under weigh and pro-
ceeded to Quebec. His Excellency was repeatedly cheered
by crowds of inhabitants who had assembled on the wharves.
• —Acadian Recorder.

ST. JOAN, N. 8., .itTLY 29.—50 far, the weather hus been
in every respect favourable for the farming interest, and
throughout the province everything appears to present the
prospect of abundance.

LinNcu.—On Thursday last was launched from the ship-
yard of Messrs. W. and J. Olive, at Carleton, the splendid
new ship Belmont, 9GB tons old, and 930 new measurement.
She is iron kneed and most substantially constructed; and is,
we are informed, one of the best vessels ever built in this
province. The Belmont is owned by Messrs. S. Wiggins
and Sons, and will be commanded by Capt. Amos Armstrong.

THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL'S RECEPTION IN
FREDERICTON.
(From the Sentinel.)
_ _ _

ST. JOHN, N. 8., JULY 58.--it being understood that the
governor-general would visit Frederickton, a public meeting
was held on Wednesday, and it was determined to make such
arrangements for his reception as the limited notice would
permit, and the capabilities of the community command.
Accordingly the shops were closed at one o'clock on Thurs-
day, and about three o'clock the 36th regiment marched out
of barracks, and lined the street from Regent-street to Go-
vernment-house, a guard of honour composed of the grena-
dier company of the 36th and the York Light Dragoons
having been drawn up in that leading from the landing.
About four o'clock the-New Brunswick made her appear-
ance, and in a few minutes the governor-in-chief and the
lieutenant-,governor entered one of Sir John's carriages, and
proceeded to government-house.
A temporary staircase had been erected at the wharf, orna-
mented with evergreens, and surmounted by a crown ; along
the streets through which the cort6ge passed trees had been
planted, flags bearing, various devices were also displayed,
and salutes were fired by parties of artillery stationed at each
termination of the line. The bells commenced ringing im-
mediately after the steamer hove in sight, and there was
every demonstration of respect and welcome exhibited in all
directions.

Yesterday forenoon there was a levee at government-house,
which was fully attended, and in the evening there was a ball
in honour of his excellency's arrival.
__.

His excellency having -consented to receive immediately
after the levee, the address of the magistrates and other inha-
bitants of Frederickton agreed to at a very respectable meet-
ing on Wednesday, the Hon. J. S. Saunders, Lieut.-Colonel
Allen and Lieut.-Colonel Minchin, who had been appointed
at the meeting to present the address, accompanied by most
of the inhabitants, waited on his excellency at government-
house ; when the Hon. John S. Saunders read the following
address :

The b4sin64 In forcAgu

44-SPOALT4II,
rather dull duffing the Lit

wbiat Fai

yederday,
and at 0 to

bil4; on ER

7 per pent, premium. 'Thorp were not many sales this morn-
ing, and those that were rhOe were principally at 7 per eeut.
On France bills have been sold at 5f.30 to 5f.274 ; Holland,

aerleiLLU./ Lulu •6. • ........„,
We, the magistrates and other inhabitants of Fredericton, I 393 ; Hamburgh, 35k; and Bremen 77.
take this occasion of your excellency's visit to the,province, I There were no sales of southern exchange at the board to-
express the high sense we entertain of the enlightened day. We quote on Philadelphia at 961 to 97, and on Balti-
'^v and distinguished ability which characterised I your ex- more at 97.

rporation bonds found
purchasers at the board to-day at half per cent above par.
The British Queen, which takes her departure for London
this day, carries out 133 passengers. Among the articles of
her freight is a quantity of flour. We understand that she
carries out no specie, but that state bonds to some amount
are transmitted by her.
The Courier states that the Havre packet has on board
50,000 Mexican dollars, and 25,000 dollars in doubloons.•

RIO JANEIRO AND BUENOS, AYRES.•
Advices from Rio Janeiro to the Gth of June, from Buenos
Ayres to the 20th of May, and from Monte Video to the 4th
of June, have been received. • At Rio the ex-Minister of Fi-
nance had in his budget reported that there will be required
for the public service 20,564,609 its. 934 dollars, and the re-
venue is estimated at 14,352,000 Rs. 800 dollars ; deficit,
6,212,609 Rs. 934 dollars. This deficit, it is supposed, can
be reduced to about £700,000, by assuming the customary
increase of the revenue. The deficit is attributable to the
extraordinary expenses of the government, from the revolted
state of some of the provinces, and no reduction of expendi-
ture can be expected, on account of the necessity for keeping
up a military and naval force, and the increase of the expenses
nf the rovernmetit. The total national debt of Brazil is

nearly zio,uou,ouu. in uie r•
to take into consideration a proposition to repeal the law for
the abolition of the slave-trade was rejected.
The accounts from Buenos Ayres state that the blockade
--"'',l- A despatch from Colonel Compos to Gene-
°-4 'it 'I qtate

ral Echague, dated Victor:at, ith of may, states that on the
previous day he gained a victory over 250 of General Lavalle's
invading army, killing 80, including three officers, and taking
four prisoners. The defeated fprce was commanded by San-
tiago Orono.
The exchange of ratifications of the treaty between Eng-
land and the Argentine Confederation, for the abolition of
the slave:trade, took place at Buenos Ayres, May 16th.
The National of the 23d cf May has the following post-
script :

.s
DECLARATION OF WAR, IIY THE PROVINCE OF
TUCUMAN AGAINST THE. TYRANT ROSAS.
" We shall publish within two hours a supplement to the
National, containing the official declaration of war by the
government of Tucuman against the tyrant Rosas. The chiefs
of the army of operation against this filthy assassin are Gene-
ral La Madrid and Colonels Ligones and Achr."

POPULATION OF THE EUROPEAN STATES

(From Chambers' Journal.)

CANADA.
(From the Quebec Gazette, July 22.) No result of geographical science is, in our opinion, more
The steam-packet Unicorn, Captain Douglas, arrived last remarkable than the different amounts of population in coin-
night, at twelve o'clock, direct from Halifax, the 17th inst. parison with space, which are found in various countries.
She was detained twenty-four hours in consequence of thick The British islands, with 91,000 square miles and an esti-
fog in the gut of Canso, being obliged to go round Cape mated population of 23,400,000, support 257 on every square
North, where she encountered strong contrary winds, as well mile. Some of the other enlightened countries of Europe
as the whale way up the Quebec. She leaves again for Hali- exhibit a rate somewhat similar. In France, it is 208 ;in
fax on Friday morning, at nine o'clock, being engaged to be Holland, 262 ;in Germany, 193., Belgium, with its numer-
there on the 27th, for the governor-general. ous busy towns within a narrow space, rises considerably
A succession of thunder-showers for several days preceding higher ; the rate is there 453. Switzerland, containing much
Sunday evening, has given a watering to the ground and cooled mountainous ground, but a very industrious people, gives
the air. On Sunday forenoon the thermometer was between 177. Italy, with a fruitful soil, and many populous cities,
80 and 90 degrees ;on Monday it was at 45 degrees ; and on supports 249 per square mile. On the other hand, Spain,
Tuesday it had not risen to 70 degrees. The reports of the with its numerous sierras and its little industry, gives only
crops from all parts of the district are favourable. 101; Portugal, 121; Sweden and Norway, with vast alpine
We observe some improvement in the celerity of the land wildernesses, have only 17. Russia, full of desolate plains,
mails from Halifax. It appears that by the contract for the and with an enslaved populace, gives 35. Turkey, where
conveyance of the steam-boat mail from Halifax to Pictou, there is equally little or less freedom, but more fertility, ex-
in seventeen hours, so that allowing two days and a half from hibits 63. Prussia and Austria, again, are at such a medium
Pictou to Quebec, by steam, we shall have the mails from as might be expected from their soil and climate and their
Halifax in a time not exceeding three days and a half, and we political institutions, being in the one case 155, and in the
trust in fifteen or sixteen days from England. Since the other 165.
introduction of steam-packets, our intelligence has generally Europe contains in all 2,812,532 square miles, and
required about twenty days to reach Quebec via New York. 230,672,000 people, which gives an average of 32 to the
Several of the New Brunswick papers are expressing dissa- square mile. Now, when we consider that some parts, in no

way specially favourei_
chiefly is depended on, contains so many as 208 to the square
mile (France in this ease), we cannot well doubt that there
would be room for many more people in Europe, supposing it
were all brought up to the very moderate point in agriculture
and manufacturing and commercial activity, which France
has already attained, If we go on to snppose a general im-
provement in agriculture, such as has taken place in Great
Britain, a still farther increase to an almost incalculable amount
might be admitted of. For four millions of quarters of wheat
grown at the beginning of the reign of Geo. 111., England now
raises 12 millions, or thrice the former quantity. By a single
improvement, the introduction of bone manure, some lands
have of late years been producing five times their former
crops of turnips. Tile draining is making one piece of land
worth what two once were, all over the island. Of course,
there is nothing to prevent other countries from following
similar plans in tillage and husbandry, and thus becoming
capable of supporting an immensely larger number of people,
or of exporting food to other countries in exchange for useful
articles. Bat even Britain is by no means come to an ulti-
matum in agricultural improvement. In England there are
eight millions of acres of waste land ; in Ireland there are
five millions ; all of which might be improved and made
productive, if the right methods were taken. Here there is
evidently room for a vast increase. The late Sir John Sin-
clair was of opinion that Great Britain and Ireland could of
themselves produce food for a hundred millions of people,
or four times the present numbers, if the soil were turned to
such advantage as even the present state of science admits of.
We have not the least doubt, when we contrast the bulk of
the country with such pattern spots as Haddingtonshire,
and consider the land which is entirely waste, that Sir John's
calculation is not beyond the mark, laying aside all conside-
ration of what further capabilities may be discovered here-
after by science, and realised by enterprise, skill, and capi-
tal. This would give us a population of one thousand to the
square mile. Now, the one-half of Europe, being equally or
more favoured by nature than Britain, must be capable of
supporting a population of that amount also, or, in all rather
more than 1,400,000,000. Take the remainder at only one-
third of the same rate, and we have as many more as makes
up the full amount to 1,868,755,000, or upwards of seven
times more than the _present amount. No doubt, many fa-
vourable circumstances must be supposed before we can
expect such a result. War must cease; the minds of the
nations must be enlightened, and, as a consequence of the
latter circumstance, political regulations must be based, not
upon narrow and false views of .the interests of nations or of
sections, but on principles of un'versal justice, and with a
regard to the good of the whole. These are results which
cannot be expected soon, but which must iq time be realised,
for, notwithstanding occasional oscillations, there is a ten-
dency, and a constantly increasing tendency, towards them.