The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1849-01-16 00:00:00

THE CHOLERA AT TOOTING.

An awful visitation of cholera has occurred at the
juvenile pauper asylum at Tooting, an establishment kept
by a Mr. Drouet, for the reception at per head of pauper
children from the various unions in the metropolis and the
suburbs. As many as 1,400 children were found to be lo-
cated in a building totally insufficient for their accommo-
dation. Of this number 300 have been attacked with diar-
rhoea and cholera, and upwards of 100 fatally. The esta-
blishment has been visited and reported upon by medical
men during the week, from whose representations itappears
that the Poor-law Board had limited the numbers who
should be received into Mr. Drouet's establishment, and
Mr. D. had exceeded them, They ordered that not more
than 350 should be in the boys' school-room, and Mr.
Drouet had placed there 500. With regard to the
girls it was the same. Several of the private domes-
tics of Mr. Drouet's establishment had been attacked,
and one or two of the nurses had died.—Mr. Ber-
mingham stated at the St. Pancras 'Vestry that there
was a great want of warmth in Mr. Drouet's establish-
ment. He (Dr. Bermingham) clothed as he was, felt,
on passing through the wards at Tooting, a disagree-
able feeling of cold pervade his system • and as this cold
was so evident to mature and well-clothed persons, they
might form some opinion of what the same atmosphere
must be to poor, ill-clothed, and half-fed children from
two to twelve or fourteen years of age. The great error
of Mr. Drouet, he begged to say, arose from his igno-
rance, not to say indifference, in not having made provi-
sion for the changes of the weather, with regard to those
children placed under his care. He not only gave these
poor children no change of clothing, although the ther-

inometer might fall Twenty or thirty degree's in one day,
but allowed them to go out into a cold, damp play-
ground, with heads and shoulders uncovered, in the coldest
day in winter, in the same dress they would wear in the
hottest day in summer. He had examined twenty chil-
dren personally, and he was perfectly shocked to see what
he witnessed. Their little flannel petticoats were so gauzy
and thin that you could literally read through them from
age. With regard to the question of atmospheric poison
being the cause of this outbreak, he believed that the
poison was the exhalations from the children's own per-
sons, and that such poison, coupled with poor diet, in-
sufficient clothing, and the cold and dampness of the
place, had caused the disease.
In consequence of the order from the Medical Super-
intendent of the Board of Health, that no more bodies of
the children should be interred in Tooting Churchyard,
those which had died during Wednesday and Thursday
were removed in hearses sent from the respective parishes
to which the children belonged, to London for burial.
Nearly, 1,000 children have been removed from the
asylum. Meetings of the Boards of Guardians have been
held in the various parishes from which children have been
sent ; and very free strictures have been passed at them
as to the isdifference displayed by Mr. Drouet towards
the comforts, in clothing and diet, of the children com-
mitted to his charge.

Iftrraturr.

VARIETIES

Of all the actions of a man's life his marriage least
concerns other people, yet of all actions of his life it is
most meddled with.

VISITS OF ETIQUETTE.—Five of the Ministers of
L ouis Philippe (says the Corsaire), have returned to
Paris, and have all left their cards at the Elysec Nationale.
CLASSIFICATION OF CRIME. A writer, who sub-
scribes himself " A Physician," expresses, through the
columns of the Times, the most lively indignation against
the atrocity of giving alms to beggars. He says, "We
fine drunkards for indulging in a brutal appetite : why
should we not fine the creators of beggars for a pernici-
ous indulgence of the luxury of indiscriminate alms-
giving ?" What next ?
A FANTASTIC ACCOMPLISHMENT.—A lady advertises
in the London morning papers that she is ready to give a

course of lectures on the use of the fan, being "-well-
skilled in an exercise so charming and fascinating in the
society of the Continent, particularly of the court of
Her charges are quite moderate, being only. five

guineas

for mal
+. ed

Feet in al

operation of flirting a fan to that of fanning a 'flirl.—
CHUZZLEWIT OUT-CRUZZLED.—Certain of Mons.
Cabet's disciples, having emigrated to Louisiana, in search
of Icaria, thus report progress :—" We were told that
Icaria was a wonderful city, which utterly distanced
Paris and Capua in luxury and sensual gratification.
When we arrived, however, we only found a few huts,
open to all the winds of heaven, and all the inclemencies
of the weather. Thousands of acres of land were to have

We found fifty square leagues of grount
had planted—five hundred radishes.

Such is Icaria

After all—there's no place like home.
AN EYE TO BUSINESS,—It is well known that 'no an-
nouncements of births, marriages, or deaths, appear in
The Times unless their insertion is paid for : and doubt-
less there is good reason on the side of the proprietors of
" the leading journal" for the adoption of such a regula-

tion. At the same time, we suppose it is right for those
who pay to make the most they can of what they pay for,
and we infer that Mr. Rolfe, tailor, thought the same
when he announced, under the head of " Births,'• in The
Time of the 6th instant:—" On the 2nd inst., the wife
of Mr. Francis Rolfe, of 35, Great Marlborough-street,
tailor, of a daughter. This is the 13th child, all of which
are living, and entirely dependent on parental exertions."
GOOD REASON WHY THE RICH SHOULD TAKE CARE
OF THE Poon.—ln all new epidemics, from the black
death downwards, traced from the reign of Edward 111.,
and in the more expanded space of ancient history, deri-
ved from Grecian, Roman, and Arabian authorities, as
well as from Chinese and Brahminical tradition, we learn
that each new forces first commit their ravages on the
lowest classes of society : but as contagious force gains
ground so as to reach the upper classes, these last suffer
the greatest mortality in proportion to the number of
cases supplied by and occurring in such classes. This
may not be manifest in a first visitation, but has always
been verified in the sequel. Disease developed under
epidemical force may prove mortal instantaneously, or at
any time within three weeks, according to the type of
the epidemic. The plague at Constantinople, in its se-
cond return in 558, commonly killed instantaneously,
most of the attacked dying in a moment, as if in a strong
apoplectic fit, or like as in a rupture of the heart. The
sweating sickness, in 1517, commonly killed in three
hours ; and the same epidemic disease revisiting this
in 1528, for the fifth time (erroneously stated by Friend
as the fourth time), proved mortal in the space of six
hours. The black death killed within three days or five,
from the first seizure. In the plague of Athens the dis-
temper commonly ran out to the seventh or ninth day,
which were the most usual for mortality. In the plague
of London, which continued at intervals for two years,
although it occasionally killed instantaneously, the more
fatal day was the second or third. From all which we
gather that special epidemical poisons, like other special
poisons, kill in modes, and within spaces of time, con-
formably to special laws.—From Dr. Collier's " Code of
the Laws of Safety, 4c."

ROME IMPERIAL, PAPAL, AND DEMOCRATIC. —TIIII
beast on which Popery rides has been mentioned twice
before, and with a remarkable difference each time. The
first, as a dragon, or Satan in his proper character, with
the crowns on the head, pointing out the first or Pagan
state of the Roman empire; the second as a beast, with
the crowns on the horns, pointing out the second or
Papal state of the empire; and the third without crowns,
either on heads or horns. pointing out the democratic
form of that empire. On the beast, in this state, Popery
rides, directing it for a season in its last work : and how
awful is the description of the whore in this attitude!
drunken with the blood of the saints, and the blood of
the martyrs of Jesus!- We may yet have, from Popery
and Democracy in union, a more fierce persecution than.
the Church of Christ has yet endured ; one, as Cecil puts
it, " general, bitter purifying, cementing."—From " Re-
marks on the Progress of Popery."—Rev. E. Bickersteth
, on Rev. xrii. 3.—Published in 1836.

WHAT SHOULD THE STATE DO WITH RELIGION I—The
State, which acts wisely in the matter of religion, will do
by it what it does by science, literature, medicine, sur-
gery, or any other of the liberal arts. Where it makes
provision for them at all, it will make provision for the
best modes of instruction, in the most approved systems.
It will not make a provision for the Ptolemaic system of
astronomy, for the benefit or encouragement of those by
whom the Copernican is rejected. It will not establish
schools of medicine, for the benefit of those who teach the
rejection of Hervey's theory of the circulation of the
blood. It will leave these "opiizionum commenta" to
the natural fate that is sure to attend them,—that of
becoming gradually extinguished by the progress of sound
knowledge,—and all its care will be that the " naturce
judicia" may be so established that error shall not prevail
against them, and that their influence may be co-exten-
sive with their importance. if the popish religion be a
living reality amongst the millions by whom it is professed
in Ireland, it will not require a State endowment. If it
be not, is it for a Protestant State to make it so ? Is it
for a State, which protests against its system of error, to
furnish the means of infusing into that system an increased
vitality, and rescue it from the financial difficulties, arising
not from the poverty, but the decreasing faith of its
nominal adherents, and which threaten its extinction ?
Such is the real practical question at issue between the
advocates and the adversaries of a State Endowment for
the Roman Catholic Priests.—Dublin University.
PRODUCTIVENESS AND TRADE OF ENGLAND.—That
"the sum raised in England by taxation has in a time not
exceeding the length of two long lives, been multiplied
thirty-fold," is indeed a most appalling announcement:
yet there is some little consolation behind. During the
same period, an extent of territory; equal to at least one-
fourth part of the entire area of England has been added
to the productive land of the country; and its annual
average crop of corn has risen from 10,000,01)0 of quarters
to 30,000,000. The wealth yielded by the bowels of the
earth has been multiplied almost beyond conception.
Cornwall and Wales now produce annually in copper
alone " twice as much as the annual produce of English
mines of all descriptions in the 17th century." Salt for
the use of the richer classes was then imported at con-
siderable expense from France ; for the poorer it was
manufactured from brine-pits, by a process so deleterious
and imperfect that the pulmonary complaints of our cli-
mate were attributed by physicians to this source. At
present, our springs and mines not only supply our own
immense demand, but send annually 700,000,0001b5. of

ent salt to foreign countries. In 1685, the yield of
iron was 10,000 tons; it is now more than 800,000. The
yield of coal was less than 500,000 tons; it is now above
20,000,000.—As to that wealth represented by com-
merce and' manufactures, two examples must suffice—
London and Liverpool. At the former port the shipping,
then thought "incredibly great," scarcely reached 70,000
tons—a sum nearly equalled at present by the tonnage of
the river steamers alone. The Customs amounted to
£330,000 a year; they now exceed £10,000,000. At the
port of Liverpool, the shipping was about 1400 tons—
" less than the tonnage of a single modern Indiaman of
the first class ; it now reaches half a million tons. The
Customs were about £15,000, they now constantly reach
"a sum thrice as great as the whole revenue of the English
Crown in 1635."—Macaulay's History of England.
THE " DOMESTIC INSTITUTIONS" OF AMERICA.—"
shall never forget a scene which took place in the city of
St. Louis, while I was in slavery. A man and his wife,
both slaves, were brought from the country to the city for
sale. They were taken to the rooms of Austin and
Savage, auctioneers. Several slave speculators, who are
always to be found at auctions where slaves are to be sold,
were present. The man was first put up, and sold to the
highest bidder. The wife was next ordered to ascend the
platform, I was present. She slowly obeyed the order.
The auctioneer commenced, and soon several huMiresil
dollars were bid. My eyes were intensely fixed on the
face of the woman, whose cheeks were wet with tears.
But a conversation between the slave and his new master
attracted my attention. I drew near them to listen.
The slave was begging his new master to purchase his wife.
Said he, ' Master, if you will only buy Fanny, I know you
will get the worth of your money; She is a good cook,
a good washer, and her last mistress liked her very much.
If you would only buy her how how happy I shall be I'
The new master replied, that he did not want her, but if
she sold cheap, she would purchase her. I watched the
countenance of the man. while the different persons were
bidding on his wife. When his new master bid on his
wife, you could see his countenance change, and the
tears start afresh. From this change of countenance, one
could see the workings of the inmost soul. But this sus-
pense did not last long ; the wife was struck off to the

highest bidder, who proved not to be the owner of her
husband. As soon as they became aware that they were
to be separated, they both burst into tears ; and as she
descended from the auction stand, the husband, walking
up to her and taking her by the hand, said, ' Well, Fanny,
we are to part for ever on earth. You have been a good
wife to me. I did all that 1 could to get my new master
to buy you ; but he did not want you ; and all I have to
say is, I hope you will try to meet me in heaven. I shall
try to meet you there.' The wife made no reply ; but her
sobs and cries told too well her own feelings. I saw the-
countenances of a number of whites who were present,
and whose eyes were dim with tears at hearing the man
bid his wife farewell."—Narrative of Wm, M. Browns
a fugitive Slave, published at Boston, 1848.
THE UNION OF NORMAN AND SAXON.—It is remark-
able that the two greatest and most salutary social revo-
lutions which have taken place in England—that revolu-
tion which, in the 13th century, put an end to the tyranny
of nation over nation, and that revolution which, a few
generations later, put an end to the property of man in
man—were imperceptibly effected. They struck contem-
porary observers with no surprise, and have received from
historians a scanty measure of attention. They were
brought about neither by legislative regulation nor by
physical force. Moral causes noiselessly effaced first the
distinction between Norman and Saxon, and then the dis-
tinction between master and slave. None can venture to
fix the precise moment at which either distinctions ceased.
Some faint traces of the old Norman feeling might per-
haps have been found late in the fourteenth century.
Some faint traces of the institution of villenage were
detected by the curious so late as the days of the Stuarts ;
nor has that institution ever, to this hour, been abolished

by statute. It would be molt unjust not to acknowledge
that the chief agent in these two great deliverances was
religion ; and it may perhaps be doubted whether a purer
religion might not have been found a less efficient agent.
The benevolent spirit of the christian morality is undoubt-
edly adverse to distinctions of caste. But to the Church.
of Rome such distinctions are peculiarly odious, for they
are incompatible with other distinctions which are essen-
tial to her system. She ascribes to every priest a myste-
rious dignity, which entitles him to the reverence of
every layman ; and she does not consider any man as dis-
qualified, by reason of his nation or of his family, for the
priesthood. Her doctrines respecting the sacerdotal cha-
racter, however erroneous they may be, have repeatedly
mitiwatpd CAMP of tha urnref cmila non nfll;nf annialAr

That superstition cannot be regarded as unmixedly nox-
ious which in regions cursed by the tyranny of race over
race, creates an aristocracy altogether independent of the

before the spiritual tribunal of the he;editary bondman.

Popery appears in advantageous contrast to other form;
of christianity. It is notorious that the antipathy be-
tween the European and African races is by no means so
strong at Rio de Janeiro as at Washington.—Macaulay.
THE YEAR OF REVOLUTIONS.—The year 1848 has been
no exception to the maxims of Tacitus and Burke.
Dreadful indeed in suffering, appalling in form, are the
lessons which it has read to mankind ! Ten months have
not elapsed, since, by a well-concerted urban tumult, se-
conded by the treachery of tile national guard, the throne

of the B
we alrea

icades was Overturned in France—and what d&

titioning for a continuation of the state of siege, as the
only security against the tyranny of democracy : Berlin
hailing with rapture the dissolution of the Assembly, and
reappearance of the king in the capital : Milan restored to
the sway of the Austrians : France seeking, in the quasi
imperial crown of Prince Louis Napoleon, with 90,000 sol-
diers in its capital, a refuge from the insupportable evils of
a democratic republic. The year 1848 has added another to
the numerous proofs which history affords, that popular
convulsion, from whatever cause arising, can terminate
only in the rule of the sword ; but it has taught two other
lessons of incalculable importance to the present and fu-
ture tranquillity of mankind. These are, that soldiers
who in civil convulsions fraternise with the insurgents,
and violate their oaths, are the worst enemies of the peo-
ple, for they inevitably induce a military despotism, which
extinguishes all hopes of freedom. The other is, that the
institution of a national guard is in troubled times of all
others the most absurd; and that, to put arms into the
hands of the people, when warmed by revolutionary pas-
sions, is only to light the torch of civil discord with your
own hand, and hand over the country to anarchy, ruin,
and slavery. Nor has the year been less fruitful of civil
premonitions or lessons of the last importance to the fu-
ture tranquillity and prosperity of Great Britain. Nume-
rous popular delusions have been dispelled during that
period. The dreams of Irish independence have been
broken ; English Chartism has been crushed. The revo-
lutionists see that the people of Great Britain are not
disposed to yield their property to the spoiler, their throats
to the murierer, their homes to the incendiary. Free
trade and a fettered currency have brought forth their
natural fruits—national embarrassment, general suffering,
popular misery. One half of the wealth of our manufac-
turing towns has been destroyed since the new system
began. Two years of free trade and a contracted currency
have undone nearly all that twenty years of protection.
and a sufficient currency had done. The great mercan-
tile class have suffered so dreadfully under the effect of
their own measures, that their power for good or for evil
has been essentially abridged. The colossus which, for a
quarter of a century, has bestrode the nation, has been.
shaken by the earthquake which itself had prepared.
kbroad and at home, in peace and in war, delusion has
brought forth suffering. The year of revolutions has
been the NINTH OF THERMIDOR, OF LIBERALPRINCI-
FIRS, for it has brought them tothe test of. eweerience.
—Blackwood's Magazine.