The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-08-07 00:00:00

CONTEMPORARY PRESS.

JOSEPH HUME A " REPEALER."
( From the Manchester Courier.)
Mr. Joseph Hume, the rejected of Middlesex—the
prating, cackling, pragmatical Mr. Hume—has once
more hung up his insignificance to the contempt and
ridicule of the world. He has fallen -into the cacoe-
thes scribendi which so eminently distinguishes the
respectable gentleman under whose protection he
placed himself when he was ejected from Middlesexat
the general election; and has written a letter to the
Mayor of Kilkenny, in which he very pathetically
sympathises with " the oppressed people of Ireland,"
and on certain conditions declares his intention of be-
coming'a "repealer." It is said that the cackling of
the geese in the capitol, once saved Rome. The ef-
forts of emigrant poultry from Middlesex will hardly
work so important a result for Ireland, or we should
already have had a foretaste of the happy consequences
of Mr. Joseph Hume's introduction to " the boys of
Kilkenny."
But hear what he promises :

" In the present Parliament (says he) the support of the
church establishment in its present extent and resources
stands in the way of all reformers for the benefit of Ireland ;
and though much opposed to the repeal of the legislative
powers as regards Ireland's having a separate legislature, I
am obliged to confess that the conduct of the House of Lords
in denying justice to the people of Ireland, as it is now doing,
must soon alter my opinions, and urge me to support the
proposal for a separate legislature, in which the best interests
and happiness of Ireland may be attended to.
"1 regret much that the repeated denial of justice to
Ireland, by the Imperial Legislature, has forced Me to these
conclusions, which I thus communicate to my constituents,
that they may be acquainted with them, and consider what
should be dune by them at :his important crisis"

It must strike every one as being exceedingly
strange that Mr. Hume's motive for "communicating“
his " conclusions" to his constituents, is "that they
may be acquainted with them." For ourselves we
know not whether most to admire his logic or the bold-
ness of his declaration in favour of " repeal." Both
are remarkably absurd, and we pay him a just com-
pliment in which sincerity has a large share, when we
say, both are exactly characteristic of his nature.
But Mr. Joseph Hume is not precisely the sort of
man to commit himself to "reheat" without weighty
reasons. He is proverbially selfish and crafty, and
every public act of his life has been strongly marked
by these ruling passions—or, rather, actuating princi-
ples. His political baseness has been such as to lead
us to the conclusion, that if nature had given him a
strength of mind and firmness of purpose qualified to
keep pace with the emotions and principles of his
heart, he would have been• the greatest curse that this
country ever knew. We have seen that neither sense
of shame, fear of punishment, nor compunctions of
conscience, have formed any obstruction to his career
and wickedness; and e% en in his old age, with one
foot as it were in the grave, we are shocked with direct
evidence that he aided and abetted in producing the
bloodshed consequent on the rebellion in Canada.
All these facts are as familiar as household words
with the electors of England, and Joseph Hume well
knows, that henceforth, as far as the parliamentary
representation of England is concerned, lie is an out-
cast. Kilkenny, therefore, at present, is his only
hope. As a joint of " the tail," O'Connell is his mas-
ter, and he must secure the mountebank's favour, by
echoing his claptrap nostrums for the " misery," or,
properly speaking, political distemper of lrelanil. The
electors of Kilkenny are the instruments by which he
holds a seat in parliament, and he must accordingly
cajole them, by sympathizing with them in their op-
pressed" state, and by holding out expectations of his
becoming a " repealer." What a refuge for the des-
titute (in character) has Ireland become

THE QUEEN AND ETON COLLEGE.
(From the John Bull.)
Monday last was election Monday at Eton—but her
Majesty Was not present at the speeches. This marked
deviation from an established custom is in the highest
degree discreditable to the tact and sense of the Queen's
ministers. As we have before ventured to suggest, it
is from amongst the young men of Eton, and the other
great public schools, that the Queen in all probability
will have to select her ministers, when the elders who
nqw surround. her Majesty's throne anti dinner table
are quietly revising in their several family vaults, or
parish church-yards, according to their several degrees.
The elders, who, to do them justice, seldom look be-
yond the shirkings and subterfuges of the day, are
playing a most extraordinary game in alienating the
affections of such a school as Eton from a young and
amiable sovereign, by advising her Majesty, upon
every occasion when it can be publicly shown, to ex-
hibit a marked neglect of an institution which her il-
lustrious relations and predecessors. delighted to ho-
nour and support.

We say this is most injudicious, unless, as some
people have hinted, it is part of the government policy
to cheek the Queen's popularity in order to induce h
Majesty to fancy herself entirely at the mercy of r
her
ministers. As for Lord Melbourne's reason for the
marked withdrawal of the royal favour from Eton,
that it is a tory school, it is a bad reason. His lord-
ship, who was at Eton himself, and was a tory at that
tory school, is a living proof that royal favour can
sometimes convert even an Etonian tory into a radical
Whig; and moreover, as we have already said, as mat-
ters now stand in the country, Eton is not likely to get
less tory by repeated manifestations of royal neglect
and disdain.

THE GREY FAMILY AND THE MINISTRY.

(From the John Bull.)
With the present Ministry, Earl Grey either would
not, or could not, continue. But his Lordship's eldest
son, Lord Howick—his eldest son-in-law, the Earl of
Durham—and his eldest nephew, Sir George Grey,
remain to comfort and console, with their official com-
panionship in his Ministerial career, the lamb-like vic-
tim of the Irish Satan—in the various capacities of Se-
cretary at War, Canadian Dictator, and Under Colo-
nial Secretary.

Now--knarririg---poor-Lorti -11,-;stus-e diwagyearuent—
and, though great, it is not much to bar; for, Scotch-
manlike, the head of the Elliott's has all that perseve-
rance of fortitude which, under what others might. think
unbearable, shows itself "more in patience, than re-
signation"—these three members of Lord Grey's fa-
mily are the only placemen who are descentients, to
the policy and regime of the pet but destined Lamb.
Lord Durham appoints to Canadian office Mr. Tur-
ton, and Mr. Gibbon Wakefield, in spite of the insti-
hich, as the Chief Minister of our
oung Queen, Lord Melbourne so
its in making to the morals of those
,rd Howick flies in the face of Lord
Irish Tithe Bill ; . and Sir George
the moment it reaches the Com-

mons, the East India Slave Bill, introduced into the
Lords by his ever wakeful superior, Lord Glenelg.
Lord Melbourne has not been looking usually gay
and frisky lately. Some persons have attributed this
to the fatigue of business; others to the fatigue of
pleasure. Some to one cause, some another. And
when it was suggested to Lord Brougham that the
change in the noble Premier's looks was the effect of
" the blue devils;"—"Nay, nay," said the learned
lord, " much rather, I think, the Grey Friers"—al-
luding to Lord Howick's and Lord Durham's tempers
—" who, you will yet see, will make a 6 Lamb's fry,'
before they have done."

MECHANICS' INSTITUTION.

LECTURES ON THE STRUCTURE AND HISTORY OF THE
ARTICULATED 4 MOLL USCO US CLASSES OF ✓INILMALS.

On Wednesday, Robert E. Grant, M.D., F.R.S., London
and Edinburgh, F.L.S., F.G..5., F.L.S., &c. &c., Pro-
fessor in the Royal Institution of Great Britain and in Uni-
versity College, London, commenced a course of eight
lectures at this institution upon the above noble and interest-
ing theme. The Lecture room presented the same imposing
appearance which characterised it. during the past season,
during the lectures of the most talented professors. The
back of the lecturer's platform was crowded with large and
well executed diagrams of the articulated animals referred to,
and without which it is impossible to give any thing approach-
ing to a perfect report of the doctor's valuable lecture. The
low tone in which he delivered portions of the lecture must
likewise be our excuse for the numerous imperfections which
our report contains. Enough, however, is given to convince
the reader of the high mental and scientific attainments of
the talented lecturer, and to convince him, especially if he
have access to a syllabus, of the importance of the remainder
of the course.

Of all subjects, perhaps, the most interesting are those
which are connected with the human frame, since it is only
by a perfect acquaintance with its internal mechanism tbat
we can hope to remedy the various evils that may befal it.
On this account so much attention is devoted to anatomy and
physiology, as connected with man and the higher animals
which Emend breath around him. Of all the species of me-
chanism, and of all the phenomena submitted to our inspec-
tion in the material universe, nothing approaches to the
organs of the higher animals and of man. But were it not
that we have pieces- of mechanism submitted to us in the
inferior branches of creation which ore constructed upon
the same pure and general system, it would be• impos-
sible to analyse the uses of some of the organs of man.—
These would remain, a mystery to us, had we not a key
to them in some of the humbler animals. If ever we
can hope to investigate the wonders of ' man's econo-
my, it will he by patient analyzation of the forms of those
creatures infinitely below him. A great interest is thus
concentrated upon the study of the anatomy of the
smaller kinds of beings, on account of their relation to the
being of man himself. We have in the inferior tribes pieces
of mechanism, which are not liable to constant improve-
ments. Every day we see men of genius devising improve-
ments in mechanism which was previously considered per-
fect, and which, in all probability, may be still far froth
having reached it; but we never see this in organic nature.
There is no defect in the mechanism which we shall have
to consider, except that which arises from our own ignorance.
Everything is here perfect for the purpose for which it was
created. Even those animals which approach so near in
character to a vegetable, present us with organization which
still baffles all human inquiry. We can go to a certain de-
gree in examining the springs of their movements, but be-
yond that we never can penetrate. We should not say never
penetrate, because we are still advancing, and new things are
continually appearing to us, which we should never have
dreamed of iliscoverine% In your-former humble theatre, we
had the pleasure of calling your attention to a variety, of
small beings floating. about on the surfaCe of the ocean,
called monads, and swimming about in such myriads in the
waters, that there are 150 millions contained in a single drop
of water. They teem nut only in the waters of the ocean, but
in every pool of water on the surAce of the globe. When
these pools are dried up, the cavities which contained them
are encrusted with their animalculaa or animated dust, which
upon the return of water again resume their wonted ac-
tivity. This dust is carried about by the winds to every
quarter of the globe, and resting on the mountain top,
or in the depths of the sallies, is again quickened by the
rains from Heaven, and resumes its existence. Yet,
notwithstanding the minuteness of the animalculre, by the
the aid of optical instruments we can distinguish their sto-
machs and the various organs by which they are enabled to
sustain their existence. Minute as are these monads, they
perform an important part in the economy of nature. It is
not the great bulk of animals which renders them important
in the economy of nature. On the contrary it is generally in
the inverse ratio to their magnitude that they are thus im-
portant. It was scarcely, a short time since, believed that
those very minute polygastric animalculm which swim in
such myriads in the waters of the ocean and the fresh waters
of the world had left their remains to us, in the strata of the
earth, but modern research has discovered that the tertiary
strata abounds in distinct organic forms which there has been
no difficulty in recognising as belonging to this class of ani-
malculw. The lecturer had himself examined many of them,
and had seen that they exactly corresponded in all their
peripheral markings with the animalculm now existing in
the waters. He had some of these specimens sent to him for
examination from Lapland, Germany, and various islands in
the Atlantic ocean. They formed a soft friable sort of stratum.
In a part of Bohemia the skeletons were so minute that no
less than 40 thousands of millions were contained in one
cubic inch. It will thus be perceived that they are objects
of great minuteness, and that they require great magnifying
power, to enable the observer to decide that there is no fallacy
in the conclusion. There are several species which do not
require such high magnifying power, and some of the living
forms had been carefully washed by the lecturer for several
weeks in nitric, muriatic and sulphuric acid, and he could
thus plainly discern their siliceous structures and compare
them with the extinct species. The strata in Bohemia com-
posed of these siliceous animalculm is 14 feet in vertical depth,
and it is impossible to say how far it extends and whether it
may not encircle the globe. This discovery opens to us ideas
perfectly new, for a short time since it was not known to
any geologist that animalculm had left any such strata. Mi-
nute as these animalculm are, they have contributed to form
a most useful part of our new strata. You will observe also
that the corals are of great abundance and importance in
nature. The animalculm are important in the economy of
nature; they pave the bottom of the sea with carbonate of
lime, and serve to fill up valleys in the sea, which are after-
wards to he upheaved by volcanic agency to form future
rocks. We formerly directed your attention to certain ani-
mals, the medusa;, which are the soft gelatinous masses that
we see floating in every salt-water river and ocean through-
out the globe. These soft, transparent, gelatinous, stinging
animals are apparently very inert, but they are capable of
swimming by their own efforts, and are gregarious.' They
have eyes to guide them in their motions, muscles to cause
those tnotions, and a nervous system. They are the food of
higher animals, and themselves prey upon smaller animal-
calm, and the miPuter crust acem. They are not fixed to
one spot like the corals, but capable of locomotion. We
observe that where these animals are free, and capable of
moving about spontaneously, in order that they may obtain
that kind of food which swims along with them through the
waters, they are necessarily light—they are not weighed
down by the heavy coverings of the crustaceous animals.
They are entirely naked, so that they may swing with great'
latitude in smooth water. There are many, however, of the
radiated animals which remain almost permanently at the
bottom of the sea, and consequently exposed to the moving
masses of stones and gravel which that great element is con-
stantly rolling to and fro. The echinodrma, therefore, have
a solid covering. They form a striking contrast to the sea
nettles, which swim freely through the waters. We cannot
go through all the radiated tribe of animals, but there is one
circumstance attending them of importance, which is, that
the axis of the body in the radiata is vertical, and the mouth
is directed downwards. In the sea urchin, the mouth is
downwards in a vertical axis. _ _

The great subdivision of the animal kingdom which comes
next to the radiated is the articulated. The reason of the
term will be very obvious by looking at the lobster. We can
distinctly see that the trunk of the body is jointed or articu-
lated, so as to enable the anima: to creep into all those rocks
in which the animal is destined to live. We find that the
common earth worm is articulated. There is a tribe of ani-
malculm of great minuteness belonging to this division, which
is to be found solely in water. The articulated animals creep
along in an horizontal position with their trunk, whether they
have the soft form of the worm, or the more protected one of
the crab and the lobster. They creep along upon their belly,
or that part in which the spinal cord is deposited. This cor-
responds to our back, or thedorsal part of a fish. Thus these
animals appear to be inverted or upset. If we open a lobster,
we shall see the heart in the middle of the back. This is are
markable condition of the articulated tribe, which- appears to
prove that they are inverted creatures.
The wheel animalculm belonging to this division are en-
tirely equatic, swimming in the waters of the ocean, and in
greater numbers in fresh water. They are confined to no
latitude on the face of the earth. They are all extremely
minute, indeed the name animalculce will indicate that they
are beings of extreme minuteness. They possess a compli-
cated nervous system, and gifted with distinct veins, with
blood running through them. They have large and powerful
muscles which we can count the fibres of, and see in ac-
tion. The wheel animalculm occur in such vast abundance,
that they obviously serve some important purpose of nature.
The doctor then proceeded, by the aid of his excellent dia-
grams, to give a lucid and powerful explanation of the
anatomy and physiology of this tribe of animalcuim, which it
would be impossible for us to attempt a description of. Their
bodies are transparent as the purest crystal, so that we need no
cutting to see into theiraction of their different organs, but sim-
ply place them in a powerful microspope between two plates
of mica. The mechanism of their vibratile cilia is yet unknown,
although we meet with them so large that they may be seen
by the naked eye. We have them in the human lungs, and
they are the last parts of the hiAriau system which cease
their activity. They have been observed vibrating. in the
human lungs thirty-eight hours after life. It is a mistaken
notion to suppose that these cilia decribe a circular motion,
they move in waves, although apparently they revolve,
whence the name wheel animalculm. They are furnished
with distinct organs of vision, which, in all probability
minute though they are, possess the crystalline lens, vitre-
ous humour, and all the other adjuncts of the human eye.
Near the muscular masses which supply the power of the
vibratile siria is a large circular muscular mass, containing
the teeth of the animalcule:, it is in fact, a pharynx. The
teeth move transversely, and are in incessant activity.
The water which flows through the pipes in cities, abounds
in wheel 'animalculm• You may easily distinguish them by
their graceful waltzing motion. It is 'only given to man to
discover such animation, when he is polished by the arts and
sciences, and thereby released from the trammels of igno-
rance. It is only given to us to prove the richness of nature
when we have laboured hard in the fields of science, and
cultivated the mind so as to raise it above vulgar preju-
dices. Then we can see anitnalculte in fluid, which to ordi-
nary observers would appear homogenous and pure. When
these animalculee sink down, they come to the surface of the
sediment, and do not sink into it. Of all creatures these,
along with the poligastrm tribe, are the most liable to de-
struction from the 'trying up of the waters which contain
them. They are the food of animals higher in the scale,
which would perish if these animalcule° were destroyed from
the face of nature. There is no link which can be removed
from the grand chain of nature without the destruction of the
whole. If such a thing took place, the universe must be
altered. If we remove this important link, what myriads of
beings would immediately perish ! But although of all
creatures these are the most liable to destruction, which
would seem to indicate a defect in nature, yet when rain
falls upon the slates of a house it quickens and carries
along with it millions of them: indeed naturalists gene-
rally look for them in the spouts of houses. When
drought comes, where do they go ? Do they dissolve
into jelly, or do they pass into air ? Neither. It has
been proved by experiments that they can be dried and kept
na t
w.
as tt
ea
rt , t
hweiyt h
iomu tin
eloss t
eolfy v
move
t a;
bfootri
t,
l observers,—nay,
si se
rexperimentve
r s,n ay
has been performed
of the species in the dried state for
wfuponoirtha are-rhmetrni
rnepersriiinostnit
pristine ih.
i.
Spallanzani kept some
by g onuurmaenrdo uasc t vairteyiu
they were again life
Of all creatures known these are
that time, found that
the most tenacious of life
three years, and, upon moistening themaetntdhoeweexdpiwraittlilonof
accidents to which they are exposed. And so is
This tenacity of life is a gift Which compensates.t
forwa.tlhl the
i
nature : the more we contemplate it, the more we have cause
for wonder and admiration !

PARLIAMENTARY REGISTRATION.—TO LODGERS.—Per.

sons althouv.ft Lagers, who use a part of their premises. even
an attic, kitchen, or cellar, as a shop, workshop, warehouse,
store-room, or counting-house, if worth four shillings a week
or £lO. a year. are entitled to vote for members of parliament
in cities and boroughs. Any lodger who pays this amount
of rent has also the right, if his landlord do not sleep on the
premises, or if the lodger has a separate entrance or the con-
trol of an outer door, or occupies a separate building. It is
only necessary in all these cases that the lodger should re-
quire one of the overseers to put his name on the poor rate-
book, and any payment afterwards made by bun may be de-
ducted front the rent, as the landlord will, in consequence of
such claim to be rated, pav proportionably less. Where a man
rents a house, and the parish officers have rated the landlord,
the tenant will be entitled to vote after he has claimed to be
rated, or has got his name put on the poor rate. Every
tenant, although a lodger, who is liable to a yearly rent of
not less than ao. is entitled to vote for the county, if his
premises do not confer a vote for a city or borough.

LIVERPOOL TIDE TABLE.
Days. tt Mrn. Evn. 111.
H. M. H. U. F. I.
Tuesday 7„ 0 9 18 7 Name of Jesus. Moon in
Wednes 8 0.31 059, 19 5 [Perigee 311 even.
• . . •

TT. IL 1 H. 11.
0 9
0 59
1 36
2 19
3 5
3 52
4 50

Tuesday 7,
Wednes. 8 0,31
Thursday 9 114
Friday 10 157
Saturday 11 241
Sunday 12 , 3 27,
Monday 13 •1 19

19 5
19 4
18 10
17 8
15 8
13 21

St. Lawrence.
Jupiter rises 8h 42m morn.
9th Sunday after Trinity.
Adelaide (Q. D.) born 1793.

PRICES OF SHARES, LIVERPOOL, AUGUST 6.
Last Prices This day's
RAILWAYS, &c. Per Share. Prices.
Birmingham and Gloucester 2O paid 14 0 0 .... .
Ditto and Derby
Birkenhead and Chester
Bolton and Leigh lOO paid 64 0 0 ....
Chester and Crewe 5 .... 5 2 6 ....
Dublin and a Droohed
.t, 10 paid 7 0 0 ....
Eastern Counties
Edinburgh and Glasgow (old) 3 .... 3 12 6 .... 3 2 6
Ditto ditto (new) 5 .... 6 2 6 ....
Ditto Leith & Newhaven 5 paid 0 0 0 ....
Glasgow, Paisley, & Greenock 4 .... 310 6 ....
Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarl 0 0 ....
nook, and Ayr
Grand Junction 5 paid 0 -
100 .... 223 0 0 ....
Great Western
Hull and Selby l6 paid 0 0 0 ....
Lancaster and Preston lO paid ....
Liverpool and Manchester 100 .... 197 0 oe. d. 201 0 0
Ditto quarter shares
Ditto half shares
London and Birmingham
Ditto new quarter shares
Ditto and Southampton
Ditto, new shares l5 paid 35 0 0 ....
Ditto & Brighton (United)
Leeds and Manchester
Leicester and Swannington...: 50 .... 74 10 0 ....
Ditto. knew) 5 paid 0 0 0 ....
Manchester, Bolton, & Bury 7B .... 74 lu 0 ....
Manchester and Birmingham 7 .... 717 6 ....
Ditto and Ditto Extension 3 lOs 3 2 6 ....
Midland Counties
Newcastle and Carlisle lOO .... 92 10 0 ....
Ditto quarter shares
North Midland
South Eastern' and Dover
North Union, (new)
Ditto, (old)
St. Helen's and Runcorn Gap lOO paid 0 0 0 ...:
York and North Midland l2 paid' 10 10 0 ....
BAKS
Royal Bank of LiverpoolN 5OO .... 692 0 0 ....
Bduk of Liverpool •...£12.. Ills paid 24 0 0 ....
Commercial of Liverpool 10 .... 20 2 6 ....
Liverpool Union lO
.... 13 12 6 ... ,
Northern and Central lO ... • '2 10 0• • •
Albion 25 paid 25 5 0 ....
- North and South Wales., 10 .... 912 6 ....
of Manchester lO „.. 13 0 0 ....
M'chester & L'pool Dsct 15 .... 20 10 0 ....
South Lancashire 7 lOs 7 0 0 ....
Liverpool Banking Company lO .... 10 9 6 ....
Borough Bank 7 108 13 17 6 ....
Commercial Bank of England 5 .... 510 0 ....
East of England lO .... 0 0 0 ....
Phoenix Bank
Wilts and Dorset 1" .... 0 0 0 ..:.
GAS, WATER WORKS, &c.
Exchange Buildings ££loo paid • 162 0 0 ....
L'poo 1 and Harrington Water i 350 .... 452 10 0 .• • •
Works
Bootle Ditto., Stock .... 320 0 0 •• • •
Li v erpho I Coal GasCompanyStock .... 345 0 0 .. ..
Unnol New Gas & Coke Co. Lion .... 196 0 0 ....
Ditto New Shares are now paid up.
ASSURANCE COMPANIES.
Liverpool Marine Assurance /
5 25 paid 10 2 6 ...
Company
Ocean Assurance Company ... 10 ...„ 7 2 6
Liverpool Fire and Life

2 10 0

DOCKS, FERRIES, NEW COMPANIES, &e.
Anderton Carrying Company 12 10s. 12 13 0 •—•
Woodside Ferry
Egremont Ferry
Rock Ferry
Monk's Ferry
Steam Tug Company -• • •s 6 ::‘,

14 2 ••••
7 2 6 ...
4 8 6 i#ll

Atralaii.4lect ions, yid
Pis Nis.l44k9cent yc
11;114 immisi
X„1,4100 eIREOI.*
174.1' geg
ItqAti
cv-0.4. V 5