The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-01-09 00:00:00

DOItAN V. LAAGAN.-ASSAULT,

Mr. VEN 4.BLES appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. MURPH
for the defendant.
"l'he plaintiff in this case is a tailor, and the defendant a
keeper of a public-house, and rather notorious for certain
pugilistic encountets, in which sort e years ago he was engaged.
The plaintiff' charged the defendant with having assaulted bins
on the 10th of November last, to which the defendant pleaded
that he had not assaulted the plaintiff; and second, that the
plaintiff was making a noise in his house, and he (defendant)
committed the assault in turning him out.
Mr. VEN A BLES, on opening the case said, that on the 10th of
November last, the plaintiff was in Mr. ltangan's public-house,
and for some reason or other a person left the loom, and Mr.
bangan went up stairs and asked the plaintiff how he dared to
assault the person who had just left the room, when the plaintiff
said he had not assaulted him, when Mr. Langan called him a
liar, and immediately struck him a blow on the face. He could
not find anything in his instructions that there was a noise in
the house. This could not be treated as a light matter of
assault, in which the parties had no interest. His client was a
respectable person, and Mr. Langan was aman of very superior
powers; he did not think that any person would have the power
of inflicting a blow so heavy as Mr. Langan. He was a pro-
fessed pugilist; he did not say that Mr. Langan did not con-
duct himself respectably, but he must not exercise his pugilistic
, powers on men like his client. He did not ask for vindictive
damages, but he did ask for sufficient to compensate for the
assault which his client had sustained. He called
Martin Daly, who deposed that he was in company with Mr.
Dolan at Langau'S public-house, on the 1001 of Novem her
last, at about nine o'clock in the evening.
,He recollected a
person in the 'room going down stairs ; Langan came up very
soon after, and said—" How dare you strike this young man,
and nialt, use of such language to him; yuu are always kicking
up a row?' I'he plaintiff replied that he did not strike him.
" It's a lie !" said Langan ;"it is a d—d lie !" and appealed
to the company. Langan then just rose his hand and hit him
on the eye, and that was his appeal to the company. Doran
said—" You might as well have given me a d—d good hiding,
Jack, for it will cost 'You just the same:" (Laughter.)
Mr. VOYABLES.—Was it a heavy blow?
Witness.—By George it was; I should not like such a one;
It gave him a very bad black eye.
Cross-examined.—There had been a few words between the
young man who left the room and Mr. Dolan rerpecting the
safe of some ale. There -was lots of singing going on in an ad-
joining rooni. Mr. Doran might have said to the young man
that the song which had just been sung was well sung, and the
• young map might have said something too, he supposed he
would not have kept his mouth shin. He did not recollect
bearing Mr. Dutan say to the young man he would "give him
a dig in the lug." He believed the young man, who afterwards
left the room, carne up stairs again with Mr. Langan.' Langa,
struck him with the back of his hand on the eye; he only struck
,him one blow. He was a very unwilling witness. They all
went away after that. He would swear it was no push that he
gave him, but a right good blow which blackened his eye.
Mr. MURPti Y.—" What is Mr. Doran?"
Witness.—" He is a tailor." . .
Mr. M UItPH Y.—"Oh a fraction of a man; that is feaiful
odds.",( Laughter.)

Witness.—" yes."
•
Mr. MURPHY.—". It was 18 to one against him.—Witness
"Yes."--,—(Laughter.)
This was the case for the prosecutor.
Mr. MUttPHY, for the defendant contended, that his friend
only having put one witness in the box when several had.been
spoken to, left a fair inference that his witness had perhaps
spoken the truth, but not the whole truth. He contended than
Langan was but keeping quiet in his public-house. Mr.
Langan had ceased to he a pugilist, and kern a very respectable
public-house, and was prospering, and was singularly free
from all charges of disturbances having taken place in his
house. He .contended,that Mr. Langan had a perfect right by
law, when a nelson was making his cumpiny intolerable, to re-
quest him to retire, and if he refused then to use the necessary
violence for ejecting him. Ho contended that he had used no
more violence than was necessary for ejecting him, and in,doing
so had undoubtedly committed what was au assault in law.
He called

Mr. McCauley, who deposed that he was a teacher, and recol-
lected going to the house of the defendant ori the 10th of Nov.
last ; he was in company with a person named Smith. They
went up stairs and there was a person there named Doran,
With three others with him. They called for some ale, and
some one was singing a song, and Doran said " it was a good
song," and he (witness) said "he had heard it sung better."
Doran said " wiat do you know about it; and if you don't
hold your noise, I will give you a dig under your lug."
He shod say that he was-3 parts drunk. He (witnesss) then
drank up his ale and left the room. As he was going downstairs
he said "good night Mr. Langan, I should have liked to have:
stopped and heard another song, but a person up stairs
was going Au give me a b—y dig under the lug."
Mr. Langan asked hint to go up stairs with him and point
the person out who had insulted him. He (witness), went up
stairs with him, and Mr. Langan asked Doran what business
he had. to insult any, person that 'came to his house. Doran
said he had nor done so, when Mr. Langan appealed to the
company whether he had or not, and they told Mr. Langan that
he ( Doran) had insulted hint (witness,) and that he had not
spoken to him in return. Doran said "Jack, you are a liar,
and you and the company are all d- -d liars." Mr. Langan
then pushed him, just as much as to tell hint to hold his noise.
He did not shake him. He caught hold of the collar of his
coat and pushed him, he could not call it o Wow; 'he ditt not
give him a black eye. Mr. Langan told him In hold his noise
and not kick up a disturbance there. Doran said, " Langan,
I will make you pay for that blow." Langan said, " You
don't call that a blow, do you? I only just touched you."
Doran said, " I will make it cost you as much as if you had
struck me though." Doran went out then.
Cross-examined.—He was not in the habit of frequenting
Lang,an's.. He was quite sober.
Thomas Smith was called, but merely corroborated the state-
ments of the last witness. _

Mr. VENABLEs, in reply, contended that, on the evidence' of
the defendant's witnesses, he Was entitled to a verdict.
The Asssssoa, in summing up,- said the jury would consider
whether an assault had been committed, and, second, whether,
if committed, it was only in putting him out of the house.
There was no evidence of defendant's having made a request
that plaintiff should leave his house; which was necessary be-
fore resorting 16 violence to put him nut. He thought that they
most find for the plaintiff on the first plea, and that the plain-
tiff had no(made out his plea on the second plea, which must
therefore go for the plaintiff.
The Jury found a verdict for the plaintiff, damages 40s.

THE PoLicE-nEEtcE.--Yestenlav, at the Police-office, there
were 96 prisoners to be brought up, 37 of whom were charged
with felony'?

BEEF STEAK PLUM—This society have awarded the third
prize to Mr. George Hargreaves, of this town, for his glee
"The Poet loves the generous wine." The same gentleman
also received the first prize at the recent contest.
THE LIVER THEATRE.—SeveraI lively nautical representa.
lions m which Mr. 'l'. P. Cooke, takes the principal part, con-
tinue to he brought out at this little theatre, which still fills well.
Mr. Hoskins, the comedian of Manchester has been engaged
and commences his engagement during the present week.
THE ROYAL AMPHITHEATBE.—The splendid spectacle of St.
George and the Dragon, continues to form a prominent femme
of attraction at this place of amusement. There is little fear of
the splendid equestrian feats, and the almost human intelli-
gence of the highly trained stud of Mr. Ryan, attracting good
houses.

--------
Mr. Srtinn's ANNUAL BALL.-The annual ball given bv Mr.
Stubbs, the master of the Liverpool Harmonic Baud, was held
on Friday evening at the Templar's Hall. The attendance
was very good, and respectable, and dancing was kept up to a
late, or rather early, hour. A number of beautiful quadrilles and
waltzes were played during the evening.
SINGULAR ACCIDEMT.—EarIy on Saturday morning a la-
'bourer' on board the Cambridge, was seriously injured by the
falling of atfiron rod on his foot, which was completely trans-
fixed, a portion of the boot and stocking being carried into the
wound. He was conveyed to to Northern Hospital, Leeds-
street, where he is likely to do well.

REv. •11'NEms.:.—A handsome piece of plate %rag,. no
Monday last; presented to the respected minister of St. Jude's
Church, as a tribute of affection and gratitude from the younger
-members of his congregation, It consisted of a silver salver,
richly chased, on which the following was inscribed :—" Pre-
sented to the Hey. Hugh M'Neile, by some of the younger
members of his congregation, as a token of theirsincere affection.
Ist January, 1838."—Courier.

REV. J. LYONS.—On New Year's-day was presented to the
Rev. Joho Lyons, M.A., of All Saints' -Church, in this town,
by the female members of his congregation, a handsome silver
tea, and coffee service, as, a
.greatful acknowledgment of the
Christian zeol, perseverance, and anxiety he h4s ever diSplayed
to all those who enjoy the privilege of his ministry. Few gifts
',hiye been -tendered with greater sincerity, as evinced by the
cheerful eagerness with which all, even to the humblest, ex-
pressed their desire to contribute.—Courier.

LIVERPOOL EISTEDDFOD.—We perceive that our Cambrian
friends have announced that the approaching Barak, meeting
will be held at the Templar's Hall, instead of the Welsh Charity
School, as originally intended. We believe that the alteration
has taken place in consequence of the former being deemed a
more suitable plan for this national celebration, as well as owing
to the increased demand fdr tickets, which rendered it requisite
to provide more ample accommodations. This will be the first
meeting of the kind in Liverpool, on which account we particu-
larly exhort the Cymry of thig neighbourhood to afford it that
support which will secure the recurrence of such meetings on
future anniversaries of St. David's Day. We believe that the
committee of the Ancient Briton's Society contemplate making
arrangements for holding a grand Risteddliq next year, after
the plan of the north and south Wales Eisteddjidan. We are
sure that such''"A‘ festival would pass tiff with eclat in this town,
especially with its usual adjuncts of an oratorio, concerts, and a
' ball. As the.announeement of such a meeting will prooably
depend upon the success of the present experiment, we hope the'
Welshmen of Liverpool will not permit the approaching meeting
to be anything but successful.
ExTENsivE RonaEnY.—We have to record, this week, an
extensive robbery committed, under singular eirckristances,
on the premises at flooton. the residence of Sir Thomas M.
Stanley, Bart— involving a loss of £1,200, in cash. The hon.
baronet, on Saturday, on returning from hunting, had deposited
a silVer flask he usually carried with him on such occassions,
and a large sum of money, in bank notes, in drawers in the
serntaice in his rooms; and; on Monday, he discovered he had
been robbed to a large amount, upwards of £400; in notes,
having been taken hum one scrutoire, and a Finidar sum from
another, besides gold and silver to a large amount On an-
nouncing that he had been robbed, Lady Starilei discovered
that her desk had been broken open, and about £l5ll stolen.
The keVs of Sir Thomas Stanley's sciutoire had been taken
'nit of lilt; drawer, and were left on a chimney-piece. There are
cirennistatiCes which induce the belief, that the robbery was
eoinmittert on the Saturday night or Sunday morning, We
forbear, for obviou reasons, enterintrotore folly into particulars,
,ict:pi to state that the only article stolen, except the cacti, is
the silver flask, of which the following is a desetiption:—The
top forms a cul,,; there is a crest, a stag's head, nu the side ;
;ill,l 'he ~,me on the bOttorn thus--Sir Thomas M. Stanley,
(tart. On Wein,sday, Mr Hill, of :he Chester police, visited
:and took iwo cvtadv a fcioale who hadheen.in the
service of the family for alion five ive, ks. SuTicions attach to
other ta.ries I,otoit what grounds we a, not took it prudent to
mention r

EXTRAeT FROM SIR JA:NIF,'S GRAMAM'S'SPEECH
AT CAULISLE.

Sir JAMES GRAHkM rose, and was reeeived with another
burst of eheering, .wroch, having at length subsided, , the right
hon. baronet spite as follows: -el rannot sufficiently thank you
for the great kindness which this opportunity has given me of
addressing so large and so respectable a portion of my former
constituents. I have longed fur this opportunity, but ithati•
been hitherto denied me. lam sincerely thankful, not less for,
the epportunity now afforded ins of expreSsiug my sentiment*,
thud fur the cordial manner in which you have (Irani' my health.
My hon. friend, in proposing the toast, alluded to my recent
defeat. I will be frank with you : this is a meeting of friends,
and there should be uo concealmecit. 'lion defeat was not half
so painful to me as some circumstances attending it. 1 had
hoped, after a life of some duration, spent in the service of the
County of Cumberland, that, even if the constituency were re-
solved to dismiss me, they would, at least, have been pleased to
listen to me; that, 'if they were resolved to strike, they would,
at all events, have first heard me. (Lou:f.cries of hear.) I did
not suppose that I should have been hunte:d, almost like a mad
dog, through the streets of Carlisle. mud that my unuffencling,
son would be knocked down at my feet and almost trampled
upon. (Loud expressions of indignation.,) I regret, for the
honour of the county, to be compelled to
.state, that scenes
took place, on that occasion, which I think disgraceful to the
free institutions under which. we live. (Lout/ cheers.) Recol.
lerting these circumstances, I again thank you for this oppor-
tunity of expressing my sentimeuts. lam not vain enough to
believe, that this great meeting is au empty compliment paid to
me personally. I shotild indeed be proud if I could for one
moment flatter myself that such Was the case; but this meeting
has higher objects. 1 certainly see in this ,assembly proofs,
gratifying proofs, which will soon, be known to all Eugletriii, ,
that I have still, in my native county of Cumberland,: friends
who have not discarded me; but what is infinitely more grati-
fying to me than any such proofs of-affeetion_aud regard, highly
as I value them, is the demonstration thus afforded, that the
part I have taken in public affairs, under many
°trying circuon-
stances, has met with the approbation of a large portion of the in-
telligence, respectability, and property of the county. (Cheers )
I must admit, gentlemen, that I have been greatly traduced.
During the last six mouths the flood-gates of 13illingsgate have
been opened upon inc—the vocabulary of abuse has been ran-
sacked to find terms of.opprobr um to apply to me.. I have been
called turncoat, bigot, apostate, reneeade— the shout of triumph
has been raised in Downing-street, and echoed in the loweo
corners occupied by the retainers of government, and perhaps
there is uti corner so low as the council chamber of this city.
(Cheers and laughter.) All the puck of ministerial retainers
have been hallooed upon my traces—l. have had to endure the
deep-mouthed grunts of their quarterly, the yelp of their monthly,
the bark of their weekly, and the snarl of their daily journals.
(Laughter.) And after all what has been achieved ? One more
individual has been excluded from parliament, a single vote has
been gained by ministers. As my hon. friend the chairman
truly told you I rose, by my own exertion and your favour,
front the rank of a country gentleman; I have no retainers, no
followers. I have fallen back into the ranks of country gentle-
men, without any complaint, almost without regret, certainly
with cheerfulnese and yet our mighty government thought it
necessary to make a great display of triumph because they sue
ceeded in silencing the voice of one individual ! (Cheers.)
Allow me, gentlemen, to remind you what a fuss was made
about all this. We heard a great deal lately about the " Spot-
tiswoode c sospiracy," as it was called, and of the illegality of
the subscriptions raised, for the purpose of defraying
,the ex-
pense of the Irish petitions; but what did they experience in
this very county? The reform club in London actually adver-
tised fue subscriptions to prevent me from being elected mem
her for East Cumberland. Two bankers in London were adver-
tisettto receive the subscriptions, and, if 1 am not tnistaken, a
former colleague of mine, once a friend—who, I might have
thought from past recollection of transactions, would have en-
tertained a kind feeling towards me, had not his more recent
obligations to the government as Chief 'lithe Commissioner
preirented him—sent down five hundred pounds to aid in
ejecting Sir James Graham.' (Loud continued cheers.)
Then we had a Rix merchant, from Leeds, sending his thou
sand pounds, and a -termed in Shaddongate contributing his
ss. for the. same purpose. (Cheers and Laughter.) All this
was done to effect the mighty object of expelling me from the
representation of East Cumberland. I confronted this opposi-
tion, unaided and alone. Amidst all the changes and chances
of political warfare, I have fought many battles in this country,
I have coutribtlted aid to others; I have never received aid of
any sort myself. 1 have endeavoured to advocate the princi-
ples I profess honestly and openly. I have fought battles on
my own resources, and with Some dettiment to my private for-
tune, and here 1 now stand a plain Cumberland country gen-
tleman. I ask you—except haVitig won my way, in fair fight,
on the floor of the House of CommonS, to the privy council of
my sovereign, which conferred on me a fleeting mark of tempo-
rary distinction—what have I gained ? What. additional he-
*reditary honours have I sought or obtained ? What pecuniary
emoluments have been received either by myself or my rela-
tions? I would ask you, gentlemen, whether among your high
flown patriots—your Earl of Durhams—those questions could
be answered in the same way? I have, as I said before, fought
many battles; the last I felt to be a debt of honour. I felt it to
be a debt of honour to those to whom I was formerly opposed,
but with whom, then, in a great political crisis, I cordially
agreed. (Cheering.) I was aware that the event was very
doubtful. I entered on the contest perfectly aware that it was
very possible my seat would be lust. I had various offers from
constituencies; it would seem like boasting if I were to enume-
rate them. I felt honoured by those offers, but still I refused
them. My reply was I have an account open with Cutn-
berland, and until that is closed I will not look to any other
constituency—l will appeal to my countrymen. I will fight the
battle of principle as I have fought it before; 1 owe a debt of
honour to those whom I formerly opposed, and I will not shrink
from the result." I was defeated, but neither I nor you, gen-
tlemen, can regret that the battle was fought. (Cheers.) My
. honourable friend, in proposing my health, alluded to my pub-
lic services in terms much too kind, It was told you that I
gained no distinction except of a fleeting kind; but it was my
good fortune when, on principle, 1 resigned office—an office im-
mediately connected with the service in which the Monarch who
then ruled over us had been engaged—to hear from my royal
master sentiments expressive of his confidence, and of the ap-
probation olds utaicit tie Had viewed my omciai cat eer— expres-
sions which I feel to be—an ample remuneration for all my
labours. 1-might Say in the twagtiinl language of Burke,
The past is safe anti beyond the refictiof fortune . what is to
come is in wiser hands than ours." * * •

The cry of the " bill, the whole bill, and nothing hot the bill;"
seems now to be wofully out of fashioh. Mr. Roebuck, who
used to declaim against the aristocracy, is now very bitter
against the £lO voters, whom he calls the 44 shopocracy. ' Mr.
Grote, too, with his ballot-box—l wonder whether he has yet
presented one to the Common Council of Carlisle —(a laugh }—
declares; that the vote by ballot is indispensably necessary to
procure an alteration in the consititotion of the House of
Commons. Why that constitution was spiv and span new
no longer ago than 1831! (Loud cheers, and laughter.)
Lord John Russell has called the reform bill a bloodless revolu-
tion. It was inpeed a revolution. My difference with the tory
party continued up to 1832. I had contended for what 1 con=
ceived to be the rights of conscience. I supported the repeal of
the test and corporation acts; the Doke of Wellington and Sir
Robert Peel made that concession. I yielded implicit belief to
the solemn oaths, and written declarations, and the most au-
thentic assurances of the Roman catholic gentry and hierarchy
that, if we admitted them to equal civil rights; they would be
content and not aspire to domination, nor seek to injure,- in the
smallest degree, the rights anti privileges of the protestant
church, either in 'England or in Ireland.- (Repeated cheers.)
believed these assurances, and supported Roman catholic
emancipation. The Duke of Weliington, and Sir Robert
Peel, more cautious, I believe I may say, having better learned
the lessons of history, disbelieved those assuranceg, but, yield-
ing to an inevitable necessity against their judgment, (hear;
hear,) and, in spite of their evil forebodings, they granted
emancipation. The test and corporation acts were repealed,
and Roman catholic emancipation gained. ,Wliat remained ?
1 atways strenuously opposed the system of nomination, by
which one hundred and sixty individuals absolutely nominated
a Majority of the people's house. I thought such a system was
absolutely untenable in the present ag-, while such places ad
Manchester, Birmingham, and Ashton remained Unrepre-
sented. It is idle to inquire whether our expectations were too
sanguine, or the conservatives of that day too gloomy in
their forebodings—it is needless to enquire Whether we pro.;
eeded too hastily- in 1831 or whether the eonserratives in
the Duke of Wellington's administration resisted all change,
ton long The events have not yet sufficiently developed
the policy of that, proceeding to enable us to turtle to a
correct decision on the subject. Howevtr, the test and cot,
poration acts are repealed—Roman Catholic emancipation has
been conceded—the nomination boroughs are swept away—all
the large manufacturing places are represented, not Virtually,
but practically; and yet the radical nostrums are pressed on us,
as if nothing had been done, and I am taunted with inconsist-
ency, because I will-not consent to be hurried along the down-
ward path of revolution and republicanism ! (Enthusiastic
cheering for several minutes.) But who are the men who urge
on these dangerous schemes? They are the principal supporters
of the Queen's government. Aye, and its ablest supporters too.
speak from experience. I have stood on the floor in the.
House of Commons, and I know what debating is. , I know that
without Mr. O'Connell, Mr. D. \V. Harvey, and Mr. Shed. the
government could not make head against its opponents. Yet
these are the men who advocate these changes which now, at
the eleventh hour. Lord John Russell declares his intention to
oppose Mr. Wakley the friend of the ministers says he sup-
ports them because they are." squeezable"—(a laugh)—whilst
Mr. D. W. Harvey says there is no straw, however paltry and
filthy, at which they will not catch. (Cheers and laughter.) Let
me illustrate this gentleman's meaning. We know how much
has been said about the Spottiswoode gang. It was a dangerous
conspiracy which was to be kept dowo by the government with a
vigour beyond the law. An hon. gentleman, believing that minis-
ters meant to do what they intimated, and he would therefore ob-
tain their support, made a strong motion on the subject. They
advised him to withdraw it, but a difficulty ilapoint of form hay-
'ng, presented itself to the adoption of this course, the House of

.
Cotntnons actually witnessed the spectacle of Lord Russell, the
the Secretary of State for the Home Department, Lord Howick,
the Secretary at war, Lord Morpeih, the Secretary for Ireland

. . . .
endeavouring to tun out of the house to escape a division—
(laaghter.)—and positively they were brought back by the Ser.
jeant at Arms, and compelled by the rules of the house to pro-
nonnce an opinion on the subject. (Roars of laughter.) And
God save the mark ! they followed Sir Robert Peel out of the r
House and voted against the unfortunate gentleman. whom
they had tempted to bring forward the motion. (Cheers.) If
I had not lived to see the contrary, I would have said that such
slippery tricky conduct could not he supported fur one.hour by
the representatives of the British people. (Cheers:) There
may have beeh more wicked Governments but I defy any One
to produce froth the history of our country, a more Shabby
government than the present. (Enthusiastic cheering for some
minutes.) I "Say it with regret, duplicity _is its chatacteristic,
and the historian who hands down its deeds to future time, will
tell posterity that it was worthy only the conternpt of a great
people, that, whilst clinging to office with a tenacity unexam-
pled, it had neither•the head, the heart, nor the courage to go.
vein with propriety. (Prolonged cheering.) I shall be told,
• forsooth," Yona te denouncing your old colleagues." Oh !' I owe
these old colleagues a latme debt of gratitude. (Great cheering.)
It will be said "this is the governMent of Lord Grey, or at least
it
is earring out the principle of Lord Grey's admirtistrdt ion"—
Lord Grey's Err/ministration'. Where is Lord Grey ? Where
is the Duke of Richmond? Where is Lord Durham?' Where
is Lord Ripon? Where is Lord Althorp ? Where is Lord
Brougham ? Aye, echo answers " where?" His lordship is
sunk in the very dregs of dernocrary—is mingled with the lees
of White Conduit House. I saw him once the, Lot d Chanceiho
of England, the keeper of the King'eCoriSeience—the first law
adviser of the crown—l saw him standing at, the find or the
throne, when his Royal Master,. by advice in- which Lord
Brougham participated, hurled defiance at him •wlioni-his lord-
ship justly designated ag !We mendicant agitator of Ireland. 1
have seen thii saute Lord Broughton who boasted of his daily
correspondenciwiiii royalty writing, a letter—a most obsequious
letter —to some cHairman of a meeting at the Crown and Anchor
tavern, apologiziie for his absence and regretting that he was
not present when that very Mr. (Mohnen proposed at that sato,.
Int-olio, the establishmeitt iit Errg'and ('I an association
.to In
booted 'on the whlel of th:tt Irish association which -Lord
Bi.,,iigh;,in eonein red with h:s coll, ;V.:IIPS -in endeavouring to
put Mon) by statutory enac,thents be\ ond the reach or the t linl-
moo law.---(Continued dice's.) L have adverted to Lord

44piersiw.il.,+mm

Brougham's mathemalies! demonqrly
Yon are acquainted /Pith tic% TerPTII
him with uplifted haMis and Lenurei

of lertilit to pass a ticeds.ure which

of the .quetonfir of Prvitiiirhentar
him the.humble vender of the three

suppose; btu.; imper tor the beneth,
herland, and
,labelietl, uffrage, and Anuaat
Parliaments. •

." Oh what a fall was thelie, firs cauotOmtu."
r • f
a fall like Lucifer's,- never to hope again. (Cheers.) Slocel
the time of Lord Baron 1 know nttexastiple Of such a CAL •
I am quite aahattied of having detained yob so lung, (" No, no," j
but there is one point to which I wish to advert; 1 may be
asked to what we should ascribe the sudden change which has
come over the dreatii of the government—how it has happened
that, al/ at once, the government has declared agasust the
oallot, when, during the elections, Lord John Russell conceal.,
ed his hostility to that measure. I speak advisedly: believing
that t6e cause Which has arrested the downward progress of
government, in radical change leading to revolution, is the firm-
ness, the judginent, the good sense,
,and the virtuous and reli-
giotis education of our maiden queen. I believe she has dis-
tinctly told ministers that their radical experiments shall not be
tried—that the colonies shall not be surrendered—that the prm=
perty and just rights of ;the church shall not he invaded—that the
command of the army shall not be wrested from her. "I have,"
said her Majesty, " no predelictiyas for party men, but to prin-
ciples! will adhere; and if znertuntinue in office, it is on those
principles you retest administer the affairs of the country.
This, I fielieve, is the real situation of the cundtict of the go-
vernment. This resittatice on the part,of her Majesty is much
in conformity with the decision, courage, and principles of the
House of Brunswick But to enable her resistance to be suc-
cessfully maintained, her Majesty must be backed by the peo-
ple. 1, generally speaking, am opposed to alt politiciVasso-
ctations-1 think they have a tendency to embitter . Party
animosity, and aggravate all the worst pasSions; but in the
present state of affairs there is no alternative: The reform club
is established for the purpinte of tainpering with the registry.;
by means subscribed without the Limits of the coouty—and the
father of Lord John Russell subscribed to defray the expense ot
the last petition of the association in Dublin, which was formed
for the express-purpose of tamperiug with the registration. It
Is i Ell1)095111 le to make head ligainSt such a system, except by
fighting our enemies with their own weapons. I have, there-
fore made up my mind to make, in my native county, a bold
stand with those who think with me that the crows should
not be " caned in to' peck the eagles," and I sin pre
pared, if necessary, to join with toy bitterest personal
enemy—and I hOpe I hive few—against my dearest per
sonal friend, in order to uphold the sacred institutions o
my country. (Loud cheering ) The Birmingham Politica.
Uttion have put forth a:declaration of their print-spies. This de-
claration is very short and expressive. it says, that the lime is
.arrived when the government by ninnhers must supersede. the
goverriirrent by property. lam for the Governmenst by property
against the Government by numbers. Mr. Roehurk, adverting
at a public meeting to Lord John Russell's declaretion, that
the object of the reform Lill was to give a preponderance to the
landed interest, took occasion to observe, that the two Members
for Bast Cumberland were the only two county members re-
turned to Parliament who were opposed to the agricultural in-
terests. (Hear' hear.) I am a member of that agricultural
interest; I am for the government by property as opposed 10
the government by, numbers, and, therefore, I have signed the
declaration of the 'Bast Cumberland conservative association
which contains this passage:
"We declare our fiat determination to maintain the ancient,
principles on which the constitution is founded, and whilit we
avow our readiness to promote the reform of all proved abuses,,
we declare it to be our object to uphold the necessary connexion
between the established chdrch and the state; the just prerogs,
tives of the monarch; the privili,ges of the House of Lords as
an independent branch of the legislature; and the deliberate
powers of the Commons House di Parliament unfettered; being,
convinced that on the united atut.energetiapupport of these au-
thorities depend the continuance of social order, the security of
property, the interests of religion, aud.,the real liberties of the
people."
Away with the old distinctions of blue and yellow, Lowther
and Curwen, (Cheers.) Mr. Roebuck says that there are but
tae parties now in the country,essfi
ltihiedvceaawnriiidtashitm:cract and the demo-
cracy. I have no personal objects in • the Course lam now
hastE)al rssttial Cumberland; bp el
dire! deeply
aae,nnitdo;olffi
eitr tabu,.
eerearpegidieueds. e
aportt,a)etnii o(w)nthboaeft
dinodynissoestlaftbai
deceived upon that point. My advice to you is to make every
preparation, every exertion for the fight, and to be prepared
to contest both seats on the first opportunity. (Applause.) *My
advice is also this, that you should keep the question of the two
candidates in the Conservative interests open till the latest:
possible moment, in order to afford the. trest chance of procuring
two gentlemen who are most likely to succeed. As to Myself, I
will only say, in the memorable words which Lord Strafford
uttered almost With his dying breath, " I thank God that by the.;
bounty of former Sovereighs, and by the providence of MY an-
cettots, I have an estate which girth me such an interest in
the Commonwealth that I do not.. wish to be a slave, but am con-
tent to be a subject; neither do I wish the cards to be shuffled
over again in the hope that I may fall on a better lot. No
can have and shall aim at a bounded liberty, remembering al,
wars that I Atli a freeihtin; but a subject, that I have rights but
under a monarch." . .
The right honnqrable Baronet resumed hi. seat amidst cheers
ins of the most entlittsiaslic desciiption which lasted fur a con-
siderable time. .

THE BISHOP OF, NORWICH.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIPERPOOL ST,IND.4RD.

SlR.—The Chronological Table. •in your paper of the;
sth inst., contains the following statement, Aug. 17th. " Yr:
Stanley is installed Bishop of Norwich," which I need only
remind you is incorrect, Mr. Stanley at the time being only
A.M., and a violent Radical partizan, to which, alone„he 14
indebted to his prornotion.—Yours, &c:,

A CHESHIRE-MAN

LITTLE SNIPE AGAIN!

TO 7.71 P P n 17710. n L! .I'l p -.2,r5.9."(101. S"T-A.-Z),1122;•

Sitt,—l never was more astonished than on last Pridal
when I saw the STANDARD, and found that little notorious Sam
Knipe had had tbziinpudence to memorialise the Radical Towu
Council rot compensation, for his zeal and activity in objecting
to 1.4(1) of the old freemen of the borough, both rich and pent,
to prevent their being on the call book, so that they could not
vote at the next election, if one should take plate
_this year.
What must every hone 4 man think of this radical fellow, who;
tranto to rob ns of our birthright, and then claims to be paid
out of the public pttrse a No rlottbt but that he has been pro-
mised by the captain of the gang, and one .of the council too.
If Mr. Joshua will not pay him soon he will split, and tell all- be
knovts about the matter, as a tribute of respect to his memory,
and the coubcil who employed him in this dirty affair. I think,
they should have a full-length portrait taken, and to be hung
Up in the council-room alongside that of Mr. W: W. Currie,
which would be, as little Primogeniture Ewart used to say—.
` Fraught with interest to Liverpool, and important to genera-
tions yet tin bur ours, &c.
Jan. 8, 1838.

AN OLD FREEMAN.

EXPRESSES TO LoNriosr.—txpresses started for London on:
Thuisday, atter the arrival of the jpacket-ship 'Oxford,' from.
New York, They proceeded by the Grand Junction Railway
half-past two train to Birmingham. From thence they pro-
ceeded, in-a chaise-and four, preceded, all along the road, by a
Mari on h irsehack to get the horses ready at thedifferent stages,
and reached London at five o'clock in the morning, having per-
formed the .distance from Birmingham to London in 9i, and
the whole journey in 14-1, hours. The roads were in a dreadful
state, else they Would have done the distance in less time than,
under all difficulties, they actually accomplished

A MATCH FOR THE KENTUCKY GIANT.—The Maysville Mo-
mentionsa %cing lady named Browning,. resiuing in
Fleming County, Kentucky; just seventeen years of age, who
ineasutes seven tee't in height. Porter, the giant, is said to
stand- seven feet five inches in his stocking feet.—American
Pdper. .

DESi'ERATE.-A duel is threatened in Portland, between the
editor of the Argus, and Mr. Dixon, the vocalist-- toe to toe,
with rotors!" We fear that it will actually take place, as the
editor has sent up to borrow our hone.—Boxton Post.

Several patties are finder orderi for Lincolnshire and other
piths of the -country to recruit fur the foot guards, the usual
standard for which is five feet nine inches, but has been reduced
one inch, that is to say, to five feet eight inches, to expedite the
completion of the number of men required.
The rumahr in a New lot* paper that Papinean was in that
tity vva§ purposely spread to put the British government off the
scent. Papineau is certainly in Canada. In fact, though 19..
Papinean's Speechei .produiced the rebellion, the sudden ex-
plosion took that worthy person somewhat by•siiiPrise; other-
wise be would, no doubt, have Bitted to such a convenient die-,
tanee as would have enabled him
.to make a cool survey of
passing events. But his friend Nelson, who knew 'his man,
determined to try the soundness of that metal which made such
a brave noise. Let a certain agitator take warning from his
pupil's fate.--Times.

FIRES IN THE METROPOLIS.—The number of fires in the
metropolis and its suburbs, during last Fear, .1837. according to
the records kept by the London Fire:engine Establishment,
amount to 717; amongst which the following, which willbe Most
likely in the recollection of the public, were unhappily attended
with loss of ►ife :—lllackinan-street, Southwark, 1 ; May-fair,
I; Cleveland-row, St. James's, 1• Exerter-street, Brompton.
1 ; Hollowell-street, 1 ; Strant ; and Chelsea-bridge, 2.
Vlore property was destsoyed at the late fire at Davis'-wharf,
Tooley-street, than all the resit put together.
It is said, that Sir George Worrender's en'sti; in the'cult for
divorce instituted against his lady, and which has just been
abandoned, is nearly 1:10,00U.' What a pity the parties had not
a single mutual friend ►ong ago to have arranged the matter.

FRIGHTFUL. MORTALITY IN SIERRA Lisonn.—The bark
Sackville arrived at Ramsgate a few days since, from that
grave di Europeans, Sierra Levee. She had been seven months
on her passage home, and Ilze chief mate states, that during
the time the, vessel lay at Sierra Leone,, the entire crew, from
the captain to the cabin boy, died ! Oa the ship being supplied
with a fresh crew, seven of theta fell victims to the unwhole-
some Climate:

A letter from Hanover, in the Augsburg Gazette of the 28th
ritinounces that the commercial treat between the German
Union-and Hanover, Brunswick, and Oldenburg united, was
ratified on the 20th, and was to come into fiction on the Ist of
January.
BURNING UNSOUPWGres.E.—ilie market lookers of Great
Bolton have seized during die past week nearly twenty geese,
with a number of other fowii all in a putrid state, which they
burnt
.in •the New Market-place. Persons should be cautious
what description of fowl they purchase, as some of very infe-
rior quality have for some time been exposed for sale.—Bolmn
Chronicle.

Tuotrtria MATCH.—On Tuesday last, a trotting match' took
place on the Chorlev New Road, between Mr. Williatn Matt-;
chester's br: c. Rattler, and Mr. Robert Andersons's-, horse
Firefly, for £5 aside. The race was for one coiie, 00%4'85'
won by Rattler by about 2(t yards. We understand that Mr.;
Hilton's white mare Crafty is ready to trot liattlei cue mile for
any sum not exceeding £5O. The tnOney is read) at the Three.
At rows. Rattler is also open ta trot Firiliv the same distance
fur any sum not exceeding tti.--Bolton Chronicle.

•
ItonnEßY.---YeStertiay week; Thomni Duckworth, of Bind'
Lane, uear Oldham, baottituan at the Coppice Nook t
Werneih wa9 passtug ert the footway crossing the Add below
Werneih Lodge, when two men suddenly belied hini, threw him
down, extrueled shout £9 from his pockets., and, after seriously
.maltreating escaped.—Bulltm Chronicle

Annitnis4,—We understand, froth fery goodaittitority,
that there fits hecti a strong hodi of eouser.a fives mustered iti
and its. vicinity, and that they are actively engaged iti
orv‘.iityising and• increasing, their nuntheis: An act-punt of theii
prcceedings has Oven puhlivhcilin the Aberrie-eushire Core/tint-I
iiir'ocit, as we ore informed, fron tvhuch rcpprt it is interred that
they are Making very grPat eicertiuns in the Conservative cans*"

SIN' I.: lt4kW) L
A-N D'I
sTAitn.,
_• -
‘7.l"', tki6.'7." .....;.----- • .---...- 0
- - ,-- ".i.: •-_, )--..,•• -.,,.,',.-:. '.• --,
.-•,c'-,.,5i :-. -,4•
crs.v.t
Winn \st 1,0
._a_...,1 - --
ton ve ti 1 , 1„" - htargil: l'e,
knees ' 4) • " '.
1 *im dX15'41,1
ry fteJnim„,..tesjklip ~'
rakley PwATers, nruppetti
kW' the Oertols tyt Vutn-i•

i.ITEMARY 'NOTICES.

Blackwood's Magazine. Jan aa ry, 1838.

This number., though in the number of its articles it
falls far below the a% erage, is one of the best we have
'ever met. with. The first paper is Worth the price of rite
magazine. It is a deeply interesting domestic_tale, under
the title of " The Household Wreck.", We suspect that
the width, is Mr. Warren, the writer of the celebrated
" Passages from the Diary of a late Physician." The
paper on " Modern French Classics" contains an minirable critique on the writings of I3ossuet, and an ex
tract from his funeral oration on Henrietta, Queen of
England, and wife of Chivies the First. This is fol-
lowed by an excellent review of Colonel Mitchell's "Life
of Wallenstein.". " The. Woolf we Ike in" contains its
usual variety of pleasant criticisms, amusing, anecdotes,
. .
and spirited remarks on passing events. Tile topics
glanced at this Month are, the 'Lord r Mayor's-day—b_ad
neighlimirs7-the death of Hummel—medical novelties—
Dmiel O'Connell—tiger hunting in ludia.-=extent of

forgeries—the state of civilization in the Sandwich
Islands, &c. Impr?ssions of a Tour" are spiritedly
conceived, and affild some very useful hints to travel-
lers. " Russia" is a notice of a publication under that
title 1w a well-known " Manchester Manufacturer," and
another work on the same subject. " What have Mil:
nisters done " is a splendid political article, in which
the past conduct of the whig ministry is examined with
becoming severity. This paper is well worth a careful
perusal. •

ments are in every respect such as the improved taste of
the age would demand; we have no hesitation in pro-
nouncing it to be a work in every way deserving of ua
tiOnal support. In , a word, the present edition of the.
Encyclopiedia Britannica is " the most valuable-digeNt
of human knowlege which has ever yet appeared
lain in the convenient furor of a dictionary.

The New Liverpool Almanac and Tide Table. liver-
pool : liurridge and Ruder. 1833.

, This is a new.alwanac, !achipted for this
town, and
compiled by Mr. Hendessoli, the mathemat;,cian of the
Observatory. It is published in a very nej i and portahle
form, and contains all the necessary astronomical calcu-
lations, together with a great variety of tabular and
other information of the greatest impo (lance. It forms
a t:ery valuOle book of reference. We wish it enemy
success.

LIVERPO'JL MECHANIC 3' INSTITUTION.

LECTURES ON 0 fIEITISTRY.

We now fu4lnfivliot%u,er pi:ii,:neliislt
first lecture, iLugbiviiinbe..ilait..rewpionrtproofveDirt.igtiayniet"is.
teresting te our readers. The,4
Illus-
trated were of a first rate or experiments,by schiect:l.titnweeen.til,litdis;
hitherto tinktitneii in Liv&'• haul.er .a11'111ieU2:11.",,.41a: scale
bolth ta;ts 1 4 Wiel-
nesulaa and Sittut flay, au"
Ltieg prior to the dev ~.7,,:t:::swiltilit,riiir ,1 lie success' ot . the course
sciehce e a number of • et ex teneof abstract
r arts -lai-d- any
manufactures.ge existed which stilt-
seceent experiments
, proved to be .based upon purely chemical
principles. These arts „were conducted by, tneehanicalepro-
"sses' the result of empirical experience. The individual
eracnsing au ay E after the lapse of g certain period arrived'at
a degree of toes
esacv in his process which wised him to a de-
gree of entitle' Ace at the present der. Instead of beiug.satis-
trentely varied in its contents. The opening paper will fled with the facts themselves; we uutleavour tis find out the
afford a rich treat to the classical scholar. It is the first. reasons of r .lose fetes, so sotto lie able to,apply the priticiples
of a series of pipers by Doctor Magino, under the- ti,; le ;'iritsscielice to the amelioration of the ►processes.of the art. By
meas
Of " Homeric Ballads: The " Portraits of Spanish ,rate. is, the arts have beembrotteht le their present practical
We Lim! art. end science reacting upon eacli other ;.the
Carlist Chiefs" contain some interesting biografillical artat' '
i the commencement giving, pewee te.the.cultivatr of the
details respecting the twist celebrated of Don Carlos's steels ce to enable hint in turn 40 advance the art.. Amongst the
generals. "'fete New Frankenstein" is happily con- ' arts ,by far the greater number consist ut such as have their
cei veil and well executod. " Lord Teisettniont It's Sketch' !es, foe eitiation in chemistry.
of the Coasts and Islands of Scotland" is an exceile. t There are at present slknown chemical substances, which,
;4 id the present state of our knowledge, are undecomposaule.
review, but rather severe. e. " The Yellow-plush C •er..
.., These are divided into nucleate and nentnetalbc. bodies, to the
respondence is exqUisitely rich. We ' have giv• rid an latter of which, owing to his limited time, the lecturer purposed
extract in another part of our paper. " The New .
ele. a I)er coutiniug his attention. Of these, teeveen is the most interest-
Press of Paris" is a well-digested paper. "131" a Ft--iitr lug to chemists as the must important body upon which they
Pleasantries" areas atnusine. as usual. The pi sec-it et- have to operate. It combines with most other bodies which we
0'
fusirrn under this title is a Vanco.vric on Mull. meet with in comtnou life;--the. atmosphere, earth, and water,
~... :
rlilatavvny, containing cousidereble„ proportions of it. .Itis • incorrectly
gravy, oxtail, and pea soups. . ' l'he Prosp
acts of the termed oxygeit, but it is a term universally adopted. r Its disco-
New Year" is one of. those nervous, power
.i,ni, and elb• very is very -interesting to chemists in au historical pinta of
quent political articles for which Fraser Iv view. Towards the end of the last century, chemistry in cote-
served's, celebrated. " Our Batch of NAs .I,x!ien:o d
e-
mon with every one of the sciences which are termed exact.
e/ve 4. '"r . the underwent a most remarkable revolution— Liutil that peritel,
Nett' Year" is a review of Mrs. Trol' xlies " Vicar !of enetniets occupied themselves entirely with the discovery of the •
Wrexhill," Buliver's "Ernest. Malt ,
imvers," Landon 's qualities of bodies, but at that time the celebrated Lavoisier
"Ethel Churchill," " The Married jorn,inied," .1 8.,,,_ attracted the attention of chemists, not only tattle fact of bodies
worth Field combining with each other, but to the quantities inwhich they
," anti Gore's "Stokes Alm place:,
The -Th th
nribawk is unmercifully used in •r combiue. It is interestinginterestingto consider that this discovery, es
• some of the criticistins suited from the general advahcement of the sciences, and'not
'on these works, anti in no instar c,e wi' t I
. 1 greater propriety from the intellect of one iudividual, inasmuch as we have iu
than in noticing. Mrs. Trollop.' ~, • • E el' I I.' • • • d ' dau ewe en,threedifferent individuals claim.
ills:au:ding anti libellous
.. ii., ant , ratite,
trash. " Brougham and Mel tug the discovery of oxygen gas. •It had loniz been known. sod
.00urne, or the Twa Dogsi.,'
is an amusing part ,pliraSe,
..af a recent conversation in it is an observation so universally wade, that it is difficult at
present to discover how.scientiticenten could be .bliud to the 'm-
ale, Hittite of L w Is." a ftie Doctor" is a very inaeni-
mediate consequence of it for so long a time, that if we take
Op!, Piper- "Ht i‘v long can it last r' is. the paper of one of the ordinary metals, and expose it to an intense heat,
tuts month. It' is e
of p
stilessateda tot the produce very great effect a scum will form upon its surface after it is melted, and it we
upon. the here're
~ cal cu
present critical con- coati:vie to app y the heat. ong enough, the Whole mass of
Juncture. metal will be changed ittto.a powdery substance, gray iu the
case of tin, and yellow and red in the rase of lead. These
powde s were called the calxes of the metals. . One of the me-
tals in which this had been obset vett, was q'ticksilver. Tne red
calx ut quicksilver known by the name of red precipitate dif-
fers iron all other calxes in this, that if it be farther heated, it is
again resolved into quicksilver, whereas, no nuttier how high a
degree of beat is applied to calxes of ether metals, it is impes-
eible to bring teens again into thee- previoue metallic state,
witlenu- the use of some foreign substence. It was said, that in
the process of calcination, the metal lest some property, but
Lavoilier, (and his. experiment was in ,st interesting, as being
a chance of the ,natter of making experiments) took a certain
quantity of quicksilver, and !tut it nun a glass vessel which he
hernmeicaily sealed. Hams: weighed the apparatus, he tlfen •
applied heat, when the .quicksilver was gradually calcined.
Halving calcined as much as he could, he weighed tile apparatus
eteein, and found that it had not (hanged its weight. kleitien
opened the glass vessel under water, and found that the water
rose to a certain height in it. Upon PXdiliiiiiimg the air which
the vessel contained, he found that it would no longer beeper
the combustion of the cendle. lie then heated the calx and •
funnel that it gave out air, which, when added to the air previously '
obtained restored it to its origual suite and it again supeorted
conomst mu. By this meet's he discovered that the atmospheric
aiewas composed of two- substistices, the one a supporter and
the other a nett-supporter of combustion, and that the cal- 1
einatieu of the metal arose from its combination with that
portion of the atinesphere which supports ceinbust ion.
Dr. Katie then described and practically illustrated the
%Nations !nodes of procuring oxygen, either by heating red
oxide if mercury or of lead, or chlorate of potash, in a glass
retort ;—or the black oxide of Inangenese, iu en ii on retort, and
collecting the gas by means of the pneumatic trough, as it is ex-
pelled limn the metals. Lead has a very powerful affinity for
uix‘geti, but the first portion which it takes. is retained inure
strtngly titan the rest. Thus if heat is applied to red lead, we.
obtain but ere-third of the quantity of oxygeu it centains; but.
heat alone, however powet lel, is incepebie of destroying the
affinit y between the lead. mid the reinatuing oxygen. the
black oxide of man„..-eeeee, being a very cheap materiel, is
geese ara liy utile 000 *i.. .14141..e0 1,1,), 4114111 City •O' ....,...uo mr,s i.i ...s-
-quired. .I.ls adding sulphuric acid to the black uixtule of mange-
uese, in a glass retest, and applying hem, a (limbic quantity of
tocygen is procured. Chlorate of potass is remarkable for the
large quantity of otogeil -ie.c.ontains, its atomic propottion
tieing --sehlorine. 35.1, potaesium 40. and oxegen 48. By. heating
it, the whela of the oxygen is obtained. The expensiveness of
this salt, however, precludes its general use. '
Oxygen is eharecterised.by no properti ,a which, at first sight,
woulej. distineeish it. rt..tn • atmospheric air. •It is perfectly
coheiress. This we rain at once uuderstand, as it is present in
etatospheric air in the emporium of ime,liftli of its volume.
Of course, if u possessed ales distinguishing odour sir taste, the
atmospheric air would also, pattake of it. It„is ox get' which
which euables attneepheric air to support combustion. If we
plunee a taper merely iynited, not flaming, into a jar 1,1 oxygen
it .will Iteenstantly Ind, teed, A piece of phosphorus is butted
very brilliantly in this gas. If a coileif iron, wire be inimessed
in the gas, and one end ig tilted, time wire will be fused and pro-
duce beautiful etentillatious. A dark-reddish crust will form upon
the interior surface et the jar, a hich is the lust or oxide of iron.
In Gust, the rusting of iron is only a combestion castled on so
e
slue ty as to lie i:nperceptible in the common ate. Oxygen is
requisite fm respiration; and as a given quantity is censulned
Imseaniinels in a certain time, unless a fresh supply of atinns.
pine ic air is allowedtbe animals will die. Animals thus destroy
oxygen, and replace it with carbonic acid gas, the same sub-
stance as that which is formed duriug the combustion of car-
bonaceous bodies. When we consider -the humber of animals
which are constantly respiring -atmospheric air, the question not
unnaturally suggests itself, " Must there not, after a number of
centuries shad pass, remain nothing but carbonic acid stud
nitrogen, the other competent of ettnespheric air ?'' The solu-
tion matins question has led to the discovery of one of the most
beautiful laws with which philosophers are acquainted. We
arrange substances in twit classes, those which do and those.
which do not possess life, and also the.' which do possess lite
into the aII nnal and vegetable kingdoms. Animals absorb oxygen
and give out carbonic acid. Vegetables absorb carbonic acid
and give out oxygen. In this way we have toe constitution of
lie atmosphere kept so constantly invariable that the most
minute chemical analysis has net been able to detect the
slightest differeece in its composition from the fist period when
chemical analysis became exact dawn to the et esent day.
Hydrogen oistained its name from its having been otiginally
discovered, to be au element of water, and it is always at present
obtained by chetnists front the decomposition of water. We
can procure oxygen from a great variety of substances, but we
can only procure hydrogeu by the decomposition of water.
Water is found to consist of oxygen and hydrogen, which are
united icy' a very powerful affinity. If we take nine ounces of
water we shall find that they contain eight ounces of oxygen
and only one ounce of hyarogen. To obtain hydrogen from
water it is only necessary to take some substance which has a
powerful affinity for oxygen, as zinc or iron. If a piece of zinc
be put into a Florence flask, and water 'muted upon it, the zinc
will react upon the water and dectimpese it, the hydrogen
escaping and the oxygen uniting with the zinc to lot in an oxide
of zinc. Oxide of zinc is insoluble in water, therefore we can-
not practically obtain hsdrogen from zinc and water. The
fact is that the sue face of the zinc becomes surrounded by the '
oxide, and the tleeomposit ion of the water is prevented from going
on further. If. however. we take some substame whieh is soluble
that will-dissolve tliis oxide as soon as formed, we shall expose
a fresh surface of zinc .to the action of the water, and thus pro-
duce hydrogen, Potassium has an imnienee affinity foroxygen.
When placed upon the surface of water it cotradnes witteits
oxs gen with sum much energy as to evolve beat sufficient to in-
fluence the hydrogen which is set free. In order to obtain
large quantities of hydrogen, we take a quantity of zinc and
pour upon it diluted sulphuric acid, e bleb diema yes the oxide of
zinc, by which is fresh surface of inetalis constantly presented
to the water, and a rapid decomposition goes on.. Hydrogen,
like oxygen, is perfectly colourless and transparent. It is.
characlerisee by tyro very remarkable propel ties. Unlike
oxygen, whieh is trillinely heavier than atmospheric air, hydro-.
gen is hiteen bulls lighter. being the lightest of all known sub-
stances. Ilydseeen is inflammable, and, when pure, burns
with at faint blue flame. It does net stipeert combustion. 'Die
levity of hydrogen may be illustrated mu a very remarkable
winner by inffaiine with it a ilaiiiiiOl inade of goldlieeletteckin
or tissue paper. When adveutte ens men conceived the idea of
ascending inte the almesehere by means a seine sul,stance
heftier than the air, the rust substance which presentee itself
was twilled air. Time halloons were made large and open at the
bottom., A furnace was oilseed upderueat h, by which
means the balloon was filled with rarified air and en-
abled to rise into the annosphere with a considerable weight
attached. Alter the discovery of hy th 'igen, it naturally suggest•
ed itself to men to replace the heated air with lisdregen. and,
ilecordingiv, ,ee , ',seer gas was universally. used until oil and
coal gas
.became so general. that by mits eplia merit of whit ,
although or iiiferi,., levity, aeronauts were enabled to ascend at
e lees expense, When hydrogen gas is collected over water, it
absorbs vapour front the water antiis not more than nine times
as light ee atmospheric air; therefere, when extreme levity is
require,' the hydrogen should be dried berme it is used, ViiiiiCh
may reiliiiiy .bo dire en .its passage from the gesmeeter.
Oxygen and hydro:lett, when mixed in the proportion its which
they form welts, cetisteute a most explosive mixture, and te-
gime to lie ueett with great caution. Dr. Katie exploded two
small bladders, containing prebably about. two quarts ml these
gasses, by means (de Lee den
.jar ; the report whieh tuck place
shook the building to its foundation. These gasses, when com-
bined in the above: emporium, produce the most. powerful.heat
we are acquainted with, by which the most refractory substances
are readily reduced.
If we expose any of the alcoholic liquors to the action of the
atmosphere, we find after a certain length of time that they ge
sem. This acetifies reriliell tat ion is au instance of combustion
il.,iseer e.„„, the nme,eiation of the alcoholic solution with
oxygen. This combustion is caused to gut on more tepidly by'
the employment of this metal platinum. Debbereiner, upon
the discovery of this principle of platinum, invented the little
lamp which bears his name. He likewise enabled his country-
men to make the same vinegar in twenty-four hours which pre-,
viousle hail taken twelve months.
-Dr. Kane delivers his third lecture to-morrow es enine. upon
the atmosphere, nitrous oxide or laughing ;sits, (which he will
administer to a few amongst the audierce,) nitric oxide, hypo-
ti it sous and Ilitilitl4 iit iii 9. altil nitric acid. . ,

Fraser's Magazine. January, 1833.
This is an unusually brilliant number. It is also ex.—

The DuUi Urhicersity Magazine. January,..lB3B.
We are d eligl
tied to find that the spirited proprietor of
this rising.'
oer.iodie.ll has 'commenced the new year so
H a'.li As issued one of the most interesting nmn-
berm of tt
;e ,flacraiine that wet have vet perused. The
first papr on "The Roman Catholic oath"' is'extremely
seasons nit:. It is powerfully written, and must produce
convic!
,ion in the mind of every uoptejudiced person.
"Th,f Gallery of Ilustrions Irishmen" is resumed in an
lent biographical notice of James, Duke of Orinonde•
stet Diamond trill be Trumps again" is capital. " The
Gl
.ost and the Bonesetter" is a pleasant trifle,:but not
•ry original. The continuation of "The Orphans of
I 'hinasker" will -be perused .with increasing interest.
The review of Lover's " Rory O'More" is temperate and
jrvhcious, but just and discriminating.
In the " By-
Ways of Irish Flistory" some very carious details are
introduced resoeeting the system of whitebovism, " Far-
daronglia, the Miser" is as wild and rhapsodical,, hut as.
absorbing in its interest as the preceding chap ers. "The
Lite Provost" contains a met ited tribute to the memory
of Dr. Lloyd. There are many very apposite remarks
in the " MeMoranda of the Month,". to which we would
pat tienlarly direct the attention of our readers, especially
of those who may he incredulous of the statements re,
cently made resstectino• the insurrectionary state of seve-
ral districts in Ireland. The observations on the appMnt-
ment of Dr. Sollier to the Provostship of the University
are extremely moderate and utterly devoid of anythiug
approaching bigotry of disposition. On the whole, as
we have intimated, this number is a good spreimen for
1833.

rho -4.iatic .rou, r.ul. J.n..vy, 1833

There are several very excellent original contributions
in the present number of this exceedingly useful and im
variant magazine. The "Ret iew of gistern News,"
promises to be a very instructive series, affo►dinga Com-
plete bird's eye view of the proceedings in those distant
regions. This number contains the conclusion of the
a►hnirable paper on "Steam-communication with India."
We particularly recommend it to the notice of parties
who are interested in the subject. It contains a complete
digest of all the arguments and evidence offered On thi.
long-pending question. "Tire. Turf in India" will
repay the sports,nan for the trouble of perusal. The review
of " S'tore's N.►tes on Indian Alvirs" contains some

very important suczvstions on the management of onr
- oriental p0....5i0n‘4. Tice account of the " Dutch Set-
tlement in New Guinea" is partictilatly entertaining.
Tbp copiou4 reports of the proceedings of the R4al
S wietv, the A.datic Society of Bengal, and at the East
India House, form a cry important feature in this pe.

riodieal, as do Ako the reports of the more intricate.

eases tried in the Indian C•mrts of Law. The Asiatic
intelligence furnished ,in the miscellaneous department
is very copious and varied, containing notices of the
manners and customs of different tribes; accounts of re-
cent .tiscoveries in antiquiies, natural history, &c., and
a succession of extracts from the various publications
Wile!' appear in India, Australia, Ceylon, China, &c.
We know of few periodicals whici►. we peruse with more
interest than the Asiatic Journal.

Sketches in London. Bs' the Author of " Random
11-collections," " The Great Metropolis," &c. Nos.
3 and 4. London : W. S. Orr and Co. 1837.
We have before noticed the first and second numbers
of this entertaining work. The third number, which we
received late last month, contains an amusing account of
the festive doings at the " Lumber Troop Hall," with
.two very spirited plates by "Pinz." The author has in-
troduced several prolonged discussions which took place
at several times amotw. the " ancient and honourable
fraternity of Lumber Troopers." Some of the scenes
described afford rich specimens of broad humour, and all'
of them abound with an exuberance of Cockneyisms.
The particulars furnished respecting the history of this,
singular brotberhood of knights-wassailers, are very
curion.. The fourth number contains a vivid sketch of
the " Victoria Parliament," and is illustrated by two
capital plates, the one showing O'Connell in the act of.
takingg, the oa►hs, and the other intended to convey some
idea of the scene which took place in the House of
. Conynons on the introduction of Mr. Blewitt's not Able•
resolutions. The descriptions gi►en of this and other
memorable scenes are highly graphic. We are glad to
perceive that Mr. Grant. seems anxious to obtain a cha-
racter for impartiality in his criticisms on the proceedingS
of the house, and. the speeches of the lead►ng ►numbers.'
This is a very valuable feature in the work before us.
Strong partizanship would divest it of half its interest.

The Illustrated Family Bible, with Copious Marginal
References, Notes, and Annotations, 6-c. London
Smith, Elder, and
.Co. ,1834:
We have just received a specimen number of this
splendid edition of the Hay • Scriptures. The text is
~that of the authorised version. The notes are taken
-from the " Self- Interpreting Bible" of the late Rev.
John Brown, of Haddington. The illustrations are ex-
ceedingly beautiful. They are executed after the man-
ner of the ancient illuminated manuscripts:, as far as the
devices are concerned. This edition will form. one of
the most splendid,. ,and certainly most useful presents
that.eould be selected as a sacred token of remembrance:
We have very little ihiubt that if such a work were is-
sued complete, as a New Year's gift, it would be very
extensively circulated. It would be infinitely more wor-
e thy of both giver and receiver than. many or the produc-
tions
• published for tie purpose of presentation.

Encyclopedia Britannica—Part First.

This Encyclopedia is too well known to render it ne-
tessary to sac anything either as to the excellence of its
plan, the ability of its execution, or its extensive use.'
fulness as a general repertory of human knowledge.
is now su far,advanced at press as to enable the proprie-
tors to commence its publication in monthly half yo.;
lu:r►es; and the fidelity with. which they have obserito
their original. compact with the public leaves no room tr
doubt that the arti.cles.of their prospectus will be fulfilled
to the letter.
The present edition is recommended by rrodern.im-
provernents and additions of the most varied and im-
portant kind. It is also enriched with the whole of the,
matter contained in the far-famed supplement. The in.,
corporation of a work so highly celebrated would, of it-.
self he a strong. recommendation ; but when it is conbi.,
dered that a very large portion if the entire contents has
been especially Contributed to 4.te present edition—that
the first writers or the age are employed to prove its ac-
curacy, to augment its science, and to extend its infe,r-
wation—and that the paper, typography, and embellish-

A Go,lr 1U ATC 11.- A ina:rimonial alliance is said to he on the
rapis beteen the Mai ciols of Douro, eldest son of the Duke of
W wellington, and Miss Angela Courts Burdett.