The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1849-08-28 00:00:00

DIED.

Lately, in France, in her 104th year, Madame MANCHON,
of Crerencoem.

Lately, in New York, Signor DE BEGNIS, the celebrated
vocalist.

Lately, at Bristol, in his 49th year, Mr. LIOMAS ED-
WARDS, of Chatham-street, in this town, for many years.
foreman to the late Mr. Wm. Burland, carver and gilder,
Church-street.

Lately, Lieut. General Sir RD. BOURKE, K.C.8., colonel of
the 64th Regiment. This distinguished officer was present at
the levee held by her Majesty in Dublin, and was immediately
afterwards taken ill and suddenly died.
On the 23rd May, on board the Queen Mab, on her passage
from Singapore to London, aged 49, Captain JOHN ROWE.
On the 21st ultimo, at St. Stephen's, N. 8., aged 111 years,
Mrs. ELIZABETH DODD. Deceased was born on board a
British ship of the line, in the Bay of Biscay; cradled on the
Broad Atlantic. Her father having been killed whilst fighting
for George 1, she was cast an orphan on the shores of New
York; thence carried to St. Augustine. After her marriare she
settled on the banks of the Alabama. On the outbreak of the
war between France, Spain, and England, she, with other Bri-
tish settlers, were made prisoners and taken to New Orleans.
After two years she was transferred to the Spaniards and taken
to the castle at Vera Cruz, where she remained until its cap-
ture by the British in 1761. She was then relieved and taken
to New York. During the first American war she followed her
husband through the principal campaigns, and was at the hard
fought battles at Monmouth, White Plains, Yorktown, &c.
At the close of the war, in 1784, she went with the Loyalists to
the province where she died.
On the 29th ult., at Green township, Hamilton County, Ohio,
after having occupied a farm there nearly forty years, in his
76th year, Mr. JOHN PATTEN, senior. Deceased was a na-
tive of Ireland, where he actively participated in the Rebellion
of 1798. He was W member of the United Irishman Club, and
was taken prisoner during the rebellion, but escaped to America.
On the 6th instant, in Byrom-street, aged 19, ELIZABETH,
third daughter of Mr. J. KERSHAW, of Mossly.
On the 10th instant, after a short illness, aged 16, ELIZA,
second (laughter of Mr. JOHN REYNOLDS, joiner and ca-
binet-maker, late of Manchester-street. . _

On the 11th instant, at Mauchline, in his 84th year, Mr.
JAMES ARMOUR, eldest brother of Mrs. Burns, widow of
the bard.

Same day, after a few hours' illness, aged 54, Mr. ROW-
LAND WILLIAMS, locker in her Majesty's Customs at this
port..
On the 12th instant, in London, Miss CLARA MOORE, the
author of several beautiful works for young people.
Same day, in his 58th year, Mr. WM. HARVEY.
On the 13th instant, suddenly, aged 56, MARGARET, widow
of the late CHARLES BIRD, of Soho-streeet.
On the 14th instant, in London, aged 24, GEORGE, fourth
son of Mr. T. PLAISTED, shipbuilder, Holyhead.
Same day, aged 68, ALICE, wife of Mr. ROBERT WELLS,
tailor, Warrington.
Same day, aged 37, Mr. JAMES CAMPBELL, stevedore,
New-court, IRocklilfe-place, Leeds-street.
On the 15th instant, aged 69, JANE, relict of the late Mr.
HUGH MACKAY, tailor and draper.
Same day, at Maesmelan, near New Rabnor, very suddenly,
while reading a letter from his married daughter, in his 90th
year, Mr. THOMAS PROVER', for many years coroner of
the borough of Radnor.

S me day, MA ta ELLEN, youngest child of Mr. JOHN
CUMMINS, printer, Bittern-street.
Same day, aged 5 years, ELIZABETH, daughter of Mr.
THOS. BROWN, watchtualier.

Same day, aged 4s, Mr. FRANCIS MANSLEY, publican,
Park•street, Toxteth-park.
On the 17th instant, aged 60, MARTHA, wife of Mr. GEO.
LINNEY.

Same day, aged 29, Mr. JONAS FRY, police-officer, late of
Birmingham.
Same day, MARY ANN, wife of Mr. WM. ROBERTS, and
youngest daughter of the late Mr. Peter Cattrall.
Same day, at Edinburgh, CATHERINE, wife of Mr. JOHN
TURNBULL, accountant, National Bank of Scotland, Leith,
and third daughter of Mr. Isaac Woodville, of Seaforth.
Same day, aged 10 mouths, JOHN FRANCIS, only son of
Mr. FRANCIS TILLEY, law stationer.

Same das, aged 30, ISABELLA, wife of Mr. ISAAC WARD-
LAW, cooper.
Same day, in Bittern-street, in his 56th year, Mr. ANDREW
QUAYLE, joiner and builder.
Same day, at the Rectory, Soutbam, aged 9 yenra, MARY,
elde t daughter of the Rev. TEMPLE HILYARD, canon of
Chester, and granddaughter of the late Dean of Chester.
Same day, aged 7 years, JOHN, eldest son of Mr. 'MASSEY,
of Cuddingham-hall.
On the 18th instant, aged 18, MARY ANN, wife of Mr.
JOHN RINGLAND CHURTAH.

Same day, in Byrom-street, aged 41, SARAH, wife of Mr.
DAVID HALSWORTII.

Same day, in his 19th year, WILLIAM, eldest son of the late
Mr. DANIEL CHARNLEY.
Same day, aged GO, Mr. H. WILMA NISON, farmer, Linacre.
Same day, aged 60, Mr. GEORGE TAYLOR, of St. Helen's.
Deceased was in the employ of Messrs. Ansdell and Haddock.
for many years.
Same day, of bilious fever, in her 50th year, CATHAEINE
BASKERFIELD, the wife of Mr. WATTON, bookseller, and
printer of the Mime:bury Chronicle.
On the 19th instant, aged 1 year and 7 months, PRISCILLA,
youngest daughter of Mr. R. LOWE, jun., of Allerton.
Same day, Mr. GEORGE BOWEN, provision dealer, Scot-
land-road, being the fifth death in the house in a fortnight.
Same dax, aged 13 mouths, WILLIAM, second son of Mr.
LAW RENLE hAYE, Craven-terrace, Upper Parliament-street.
Same day, at Kingstown, where he had been staying for the
benefit of his health, in his 100th year, the Very Rev. Dr. CAR.
TER, Dean of Tuani.

Saine day, aged 43, ANN, wife of Mr. JOHN OSWALD, of
Hothatn.street.

Same day, at the house of his son, Mr. Bryan Holmes, wine-
and spirit merchant, St. James's•street,aged 64, Mr. ROBERT
HOLMES, of Halmer, Westmoreland, and formerly of York-
shire, much and deservedly respected by a large circle of
friends and acquaintances.
On the 20th instant, aged 41, Mr. JOHN LEADBEATER, for
many years a clerk to Messrs. A. and S. Henry and Co., Man-
chester.

Same day, aged 19, SARAH ANN, wife of Mr. JOHN
BOUMPHREY, junior, of Falkner-street, and her infant sou. -
Same day, in London-road, 7, ancilester, 6 months, -
HENRY, infant son of Mr. C. MORRISON, letterpress
printer.
Same day, at York, aged 59, Mr. EDWD. BELLERBY,.
printer. For the last twenty-one years he had acted as over-
seer in the Yorkshire Gazette establishment.

On the 21st instant, HENRY PEORYN, infant son of Mr.
SILAS H. RICHARDS.

Same day, in St. Anne-street, aged 7 months, ELLEN,
daughter of Mr. BENJAMIN TOWNSON. surgeon.
Same day, aged 73, Mr. JAMES HASSALL, brewer, Beau--
street.

Same day, at Bruges, Mrs. ROSKELL, late of Gat eacre.
Same day, aged 24., MARY, wife of Mr. WM. WOOD, jun.,
of Acrefair, and eldest daughter of Mr. James Russell, of the
Ruabon Ironworks.

Same day, aged 54, Mr. CHARLES JONES, auctioneer,
Houghton-street, Clayton-square.
Same day, of apoplexy, in his 67th year, Mr. GEORGE
BRAIDWOOD, for upwards of twenty-one years acting mana-
ger of the foundry department of MeSSII3. Bury, Curtis, and
Kennedy.
Same day, in Everton, Mrs. ANN FOSTER DANTEO, relict
of the late Julian M. I)anteo, Esq., of Rochefort, in the de-
partment of Lower Charente, France.
Same day, after n short illness, aged 25, ELIZABETH
LLEWELLIN, second daughter of Mr. Wm. Lllewellin, of
Brigliture, Montgomeryshire.
On the 22d instant, aged 4i years, CHARLES GILBERT,
fifth son of Mr. WM. BENNETT, of Shaw-street.
Same day, suddenly, aged 24, Mr. CHAS. WAILING.
Same day, suddenly, aged 43, Mrs. BETSY SIMMONS.
Same day, ELLEN BESWORTH GRINDLEY,for thirty-one
years the faithful servant of Mrs. Pearson. of Newington..
Same day, aged 30, Mr. THOS. FORREST, late of Haughton,
lu Nottin-hamsre.
. . _

On the 23d instant, at his residence, in Albert-road, Regent's-
park, London, of Asiatic cholera, the Rev. SAMUEL WOOD,
son of the late Ottiwell Wood, Esq., of Edge-hill. '
Same day, at Christleton, near Chester, aged 19, FRANCES,
daughter of the late Rev. JOSEPH BOWER, of Waverton.
Same day, after a short but severe illness, Mrs. .TAS. GOR-
TON, eldest daughter of Mr. B. Prescot, of Roscommon-street.
Same day, aged ] month, THOMAS EARNSHAW, infant son
of Mr. THOMAS PIERREPONT.
On the 24th instant, aged 53, Dr. JOHN UDNY, M.D., sur-
geon, superintendent of the Cholera Hospital, Toxteth-park.
Same day, : red 17, FRANCES SARAH, second daughter of
Mr. GEORGE PA'I'MORE PAYNE, chart-publisher.
On the 25th instant, aged 7 mouths, MARY, infant daughter
of T. A. HOPE Esq.
Same day. after a severe illness, aged 3(t, HANNAH, wife of
Mr,. W. 1114MILLEN, tobacco manufacturer, Surrey-street,
deeply regretted.
Same day, aged 35, much respected by all who knew him,
Mr. GEORGE HEWITT, of the lire brigade.
Same day, awfully sudden, of epilepsy, at the residence of
his brother-in-law, I dee-hill Coffee-house, aged 30, WILLIAM,
eldest son of the late JAM FS WHITEHEAD, Regent-street.
Or. the 26th instant, awfully sudden, aged 4:1, MARY, wife of
Mr. JOHN HAYDOCK. of the Liver tom irkdn'e.

tme day, utter a few hears' illness, MARGARET, the wife
of Mr. HENRY EMERY, licenged victualler, Kirkdaie-road,
Kirkdale. •
Same day, at 25, Norton-street, aged 30, Mr. JOSEPH GRIP-
PITHS, dial maker.

Qtl;t Eibtrpool &Wawa:is

TUESDAY MORNING, AUG. 28, 1849.

The following correspondence was yesterday
placed in our hands for publication :

TO GEORGE HOLT, ESQ.,

CHAIRMAN OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE APPOINTED

BY THE COUNCIL ON THE 13TH OF JULY LAST.

---
SlR,—Previous to— the summons being issued for the
quarterly and monthly meeting of the Council for August,
I made application to the Town-clerk to know it the spe-
cial committee would give me an assurance that their re-
port should be in the hands of members of the Council ten
days before the meeting of the Council at which it was to
be considered • my object being that, if the committee re-
fused, I would place a notice of motion on the Council
summons, to the effect that it be an instruction to the
committee to do so. The Town-clerk informed me that
the committee would meet that day at two o'clock, that he
would mention my request, and inform me if there should
be any objection. On the second day, Iri peated my re-
quest to Mr. Horsfall, in the presence of the Town-clerk,
who answered, " I see no objection, but you had better
*speak to Mr. Holt, the chairman." I afterwards spoke to
vou, making the second request; your answer to me was,
very right, very proper—no possible ohj,•ction." The
Town-clerk had already informed me that he had.made
my request to the committee, and that it was complied
with. I received your report late an Friday afterrroon,
took it home with me, and carefully read it, waited upon
the Town-clerk at two o'clock on Saturday afternoon, for
the purpose of placing upon the Council summons a notice
of a motion, which should be taken as an amendment upon
the receiving of your report, having in view a wish that
both the report and the amendment should have time for
consideration, not only by every member of the Council,
but by the ratepayers also ; my surprise, therefore, was
considerable on hearing from the Town-clerk that a spe-
cial council had been decided upon, and the summons was
in the hands of the printers, and that consequently I could
not place my notice of motion on the Council summons.
I cannot enter into the motives of the council for taking
so hurried and inconsistent a course upon a question of
such vital importance to the town at large, but I feel jus-
tified in complaining of the unwarrantable breach of faith
with me. Your own report shows that many years back I
have given my time and attention to the consideration of
the question, and, in common courtesy,l expected that the
assurances I heal received would have been acted upon.
I beg respectfully to hand you a copy of the amendment I
propose submitting to the council on Wednesday; I also
beg to inform you that T shall hand a copy to the editors of
the Standard and Mercury papers, with a copy of this my
letter to you, at one o'clock, and should be happy to band
any explanation of yours on the subject at the same
time.

I am, Sir, very respectfully, yours obediently,
JAMES PROCTER.

Water-street, 41fonday morning,
August 27th, 1849.
[RECEIVED AT A QUARTER TO TWO O'CLOCK,]
No 6, India-buildings, 27th August, 1849.
DEAR answer to the letter you have just
handed me, I beg to say that, when you spoke to me oil
the subject of the report, you failed in naming your object,
or saying anything whatever about your wish for time to
place an amendment on the notice paper. flad you
named that as your wish, I should have taken care that
your wish had been complied with, although, I believe,
not a customary mode of proceeding. Your right of mov-
ing an amendment, however, remains just as before.
Your remarks to me on the subject only conveyed the idea
that you wished a few days for consideration of the report,
and that, I am happy to say, has been afforded you.
If your only wish be to have your amendment in the
hands of the Council before Wednesday, and not to make
a flourish in the newspapers, there is time enough yet.
Get it printed this afternoon, and in the course of some
two or three hours you may have it in the hands of each
member; and if you say that this puts you to expense
which you ought not to bear, why send the bill to me, and
I will pay it. Mr. Marples, my printer, will knock it off
in an hour or two.—Yours, truly, GEO. HOLT.
Jas. Procter, Esq.

The water question has already given rise to
much ill-feeling, which is not likely to be allayed
by such circumstances as are detailed in the pre-
ceding letters. The public need not be reminded
of the active and persevering exertions of Mr.
Procter, both before and since his connection with
the Council, to obtain for the town a better supply
of water, and we think that Mr.. Holt would not
have infringed on his usual gentlemanly demeanour
had he refrained from writing the concluding para-
graph of his letter. He probably regrets it ere this.
This letter is no answer at all to Mr. Procter's, who
has good reason to complain.

Mr. Procter will, tomorrow, move the following
amendment in opposition to the report of the spe.
cial committee, and we feel confident that it will
receive considerable support :
" That the Council fully recognise the right of the•bur-
gesses of Liverpool to the revenue of the Corporate Estate
and that the rates to be laid under the Water and Sanatory
Acts ought to be administered in accordance with the
views and wishes of the ratepayers of the borough : also,
that the Council is, or ought to be, a reflex of the views
and opinions of the burgesses and ratepayers; and that
the Council, believing the recommendation of the Special
Committee, to proceed immediately with the Rivington
scheme for supplying the town with water, to be opposed
to the views and wishes of a large majority of the bur-
gesses and ratepayers. as well as opposed to the views of a
large majority of the Council, as expressed by the Coun-
cil's resolution of May last :—Resolved, that this Council
adheres to the resolutions passed by the Council cn the
14th day of May last, consequent on the report of Messrs.
Simpson and Newlands, and that the report now submit-
ted be taken into consideration on a day to be fixed in
November next."

THE advices from California, received yesterday
by the mail steamer Cambria, are of a somewhat
disastrous character, and well nigh complete what
will in after years be regarded as one of the most
instructive pages in the world's history. The main
fact connected with this newly-acquired portion of
the American territory, viz.—the existence in its
soil of large deposits of gold, has not been dis-
proved. Since the previous aecou Os received, the
Oregon steamer had arrived at Pa nri ma with 400,000
dollars worth of gold dust; and the precious metal
was being found in abunda:lee throughout the
country. But the dream was being dispelled that
it was to be picked up almost without effort; and
that gold seekers could, as a general rule, become
wealthy, per saltunt. It was, day by day, becoming
a recognised fact that only the strong and the hardy
could profitably engage in digging; and that, even
in their case, there were many ordinary pursuits by
which money could be made with quite as much
facility. Fever, ague, and rheumatism were the
necessary accompaniments of life in the placers;
and thus, what would be regarded as more than
ordinary luck, was often very dearly purchased.
There appears now to exist very little doubt
that the accounts of individual successes at first
promulgated, were in a great measure exaggerated,
partly by the too sanguine temperament of their
authors, and, to some extent, to promote the ends
of designing men. Large speculations in land were
entered into by some of the early settlers in the
region ; and, by the rush of immigrants attracted
thither by the romantic stories narrated of the
riches of the district, these have been to the specu-
lators far more productive than the wildest dreamer
could have painted. Uncultivated wastes have
been suddenly converted into town lots, and sites
for wooden or canvass huts and stores have brought
prices as extravagant as plots in the heart of our
large towns and cities. Labour and rents have
been enormously high; and the necessaries of life
have swept away the lion's share of the profits of
the most successful amongst the adventurers.
A calamitous reverse, however, is now rapidly
taking place, and proving incontestibly that even a
golden harvest may be bought too dear. A few
months ago, cargo after cargo Was proceeding to
California from Europe, from the ports of the At-
lantic and the Pacific, and from the islands and
ports of the Indian and Chinese seas. Merchan-
dise and stores of every description were poured
into San Francisco in unbounded profusion, re-
gardless of the almost certain prospect existing
that the vessels which bore them thither would be
doomed to lie up in harbour for want of hands to
navigate them homewards. What the results of
these excessive importations will be the reader will
gather from the following description of the state
of San Francisco, given by a correspondent in the
New York Courier and Enquirer of the last date
received:—
" The town is becoming Americanized by such signs as
Centre Market, Washington Market, New York Store,
&c., which, together with the numerous friends you meet
from home. makes one forget that he is 'many thousand
miles away from his father-land. The shores of the har-
bour are heaped with merchandise, and there are not store
houses sufficient to hold a moiety of what has already
arrived. As to the general appearance of the town, it
may be likened to a resurrection of Jew shops. All kinds
of old and new dunnage is being hawked at stands on the
walk and in tents temporarily leased for the purpose, and.
without exciting the imagination, the passer-by might
fancy himself in Chatham-street, where ' every article on

the board is only four cents.' Auction shops are open day
and night, and thd goods of adventurers are sacrificed at
most ruinous prices. Below I append a list of merchan
dize sold at auction, as also the general prices of produce
and staple articles. There is no stability in the market
even for a day, and the arrival of one vessel may depress
prices 100 per cent.
" Goods at Auction Prices.—Beef, per barrel, 51,50;
Calicoes, per yard, 2 cents; Shirting. per yard. 4 cents;
Pantaloons, 50 cents; Shirts, 40 cents; Woollen Shirts,
41 ; Thread, per lb., 30 cts. All Clothing and Dry
Goods in proportion.
" Provisions—General Prices.—Beef, per barrel, S 3:
Pork, per barrel, 816; Flour, per barrel, SA ; Butter, per
lb., 81,23 ; Cheese, per lb., 75 cents ; Lard, per lb., 50
cents ; Hams, per lb., 75 cents ; Rice, per lb., 6 cents ;
Sugar, per lb., 10 cents ; Coffee, per lb., 15 cents. Teas
no value."

The result will give rather a Flemish account to
the unfortunate shippers.
The most important feature connected with the
events in this region, is the lesson which they
teach with relation to modern monetary science.
We all remember the extravagant anticipations
with which the discovery of gold in such abun-
dance in California was regarded by politicians.
both in the old and the new world. It was to
revolutionise our monetary systems in Europe, and
to place America at once on an exalted pedestal,
above all the nations of the world. What has
been the effect of its disturbing effects thus far ?
We witnessed last year, and during a portion of
the present, one very singular anomaly. We saw
the discovery of a golden region on the shores of
the Pacific become the means of draining Great
Britain, Europe, and the Atlantic cities of their
precious metals. The best bills on England at one
time were negotiated in New York, as low as 1031
to 104 per cent., leaving a profit of 31 to 4 per
cent, on the transmission of gold from Great Bri-
tain to a country in which vast stores of that
precious metal had just been discovered. The
American people, and other nations as well, em-
barked largely in shipments to the new Eldorado ;
and, such is the anomalous character of our present
monetary system, that the circulating medium, by
which these large speculations were carried on, was
abstracted from its ordinary channels in our own and
European countries. The commerce and industry
of Great Britain were placed in'a state of partial
suspension, to enable the United States to carry on
the Californian speculations of its citizens. Three
or four per cent. of every cargo of British manu-
factures in America were sacrificed in exchange,
whilst America was directing her own stock of the
precious metals to trade in her new gold region.
How long a period may have to elapse before the
stock of metallic money finds it way back again to
its accustomed channels and employments is at
present difficult to foretel. Certain it is, however,
that nothing like the amount invested in goods and
produce for California, or transmitted thither in
specie, has as yet been received in gold dust nr ore.
Upwards of twenty millions sterling in dollars is
estimated as the capital from first to last, embarked
in the trade to these regions, of which probably
not above a quarter has as yet been realised in the
precious metals. What may be the ultimate results,
so far as regards the increased quantity of gold dis-
tributed through the markets of the world, it is
equally difficult at present to estimate. It will not
certainly equal the anticipations of sanguine people;
and will be slower in producing important results
than was at first prophesied. That it must, however,
to a certain extent affect our measure of value is
inevitable, although for some years to come the
operation will only be felt by its giving a wider basis
for the increasing commerce of the world. In this
way the annual supply of even four or five millions
of pounds sterling may be absorbed, without exer-
cising any great disturbing effect upon existing
contracts, or the prices of commodities.

The report of the Special Committee, appointed
by the Council, on the 13th July last, on the sub-
ject of water supply, has at length made its ap-
pearance, and the result of their inquiries is as
stated in a paragraph last week. The committee
can see no other resource for the town than to pro-
ceed with the Rivington Works. To enable the
Council to raise the necessary funds, they recom-
mend that power should be obtained from parlia
ment to charge the corporate estate and borough
fund by way of additional or contingent security.
To secure the public against increased charges for
water, they recommend that in the proposed bill it
be enacted that the paving rate shall no longer bear
the charge of cleansing and watering the streets,
but that the water rate shall be charged therewith,
it being provided that should it exceed the amount
now levied for the purpose, the deficiency shall be
borne by the borough fund. The report also re-
commends that a special committee, distinct from
the present water committee, shall be appointed to
carry on the construction of the works, and states
that the committee are in a position to assure the
Council that, should this course he adopted, the
necessary funds can be obtained to enable the com-
mittee at once to proceed with the works.
After a very careful perusal of the report, we have
certainly not been able to perceive any evidence of
a novel character adduced, which can have led the
committee to this conclusion. A large portion of
the report is occupied with a history of the question
of water supply from its first agitation in 1844 up
ty the present period, detailing the substance of the
evidence taken by the old Highway Board, and
that by which the present act was obtained. The
importance of the opinions of Dr. Buckland, Pro-
fessor Ansted, and other scientific men and geolo-
gists, of Messrs. Rendel, Mylne, Hawksley, &c., as
engineers, and of Dr. Lyon Playfair and others, as
chemists, is strongly dwelt upon ; and the plan of
Mr. Hawksley is described in the same couleur de
rose, which would be employed were that gentle-
man himself the delineator. T'e only new evi-
dence that appears to have been sought is that of
Mr. Eaton, of Ratcliffe, engineer to the Rochdale
Canal, who is said to have satisfied himself that the
works of the Rivington scheme can be completed
within Mr. Hawksley's estimate of £450,000. The
committee are thus led to adopt that scheme on the
score of cheapness, in preference to the plans re-
commended by Messrs. Simpson and Newlands,
the cost of which is estimated by them at £299,156.
When to this, they remark, is added the parlia-
mentary expenses incurred in getting the act, and
the compensation to be paid for broken contracts,
the cost of the latter will approach closely to that
of Rivington.
"Whilst upon this question of comparative cost,
the commit:ee might, we think, have referred to the
conflicting opinions existing upon the subject. Mr.
Eaton, it is true, says that the whole of the " per-
manent" works, as estimated for by Mr. Hawksley,
can be made for £450,000. Messrs. Simpson and
Newlands, however,—and we are not aware that
these gentlemen are inferior authority to Mr. Eaton
—estimate the cost at £839,269, and Mr. Hawksley
himself has informed us that the £450,000 only
provides for delivering a supply to our present
population, and not, as the report states, "sixteen
millions of gallons daily, a quantity equal to the
supply of more than double the present population,
at the rate of twenty gallons per diem, being the
quantity estimated as necessary for the proper sup-
ply of all the inhabitants, shipping, manufactories,
and public purposes." Another omission we may
also notice. In stating our present water supply at
four millions of gallons daily, the committee over-
look entirely, the supply from private wells, set down
by Messrs. Simpson and Newlands at between two
and three millions.

We are not, however, about to reopen here the
whole of this long-mooted question, the discussion
of which has created so many heart-burnings and
divisions, we had hoped that the present report, by
its fulness and strict impartiality, would have settled
these one way or another for ever; and we regret to
have to express our opinion that it will not be re-
garded by the public as thus decisive. To two
points only we shall briefly advert, viz., the pros-
pect of a return for the capital to be expended in
procuring our water supply, and the proposition to
charge a portion of the cost upon the borough
fund. With respect to the first point, we are ready
to acknowledge that thus far the corporation have
not had sufficient experience in the conducting of
water works to form an accurate estimate of their
yield. They are at present labouring under the
disadvantage of having borrowed money for the
purpose of paying for the works of the companies
at the extreme rate of interest. During the time
they have had the management of the works, too,
the community has been suffering under severe
depression. Nevertheless, in calculating upon a
revenue, increasing in the same ratio as was expe-
rienced by the old water companies, the committee
leave, out of view altogether the probability that,
when the existing wells are abandoned, as we pre-
sume they are intended to be, a largely, increased
store of water will be left in the strata for the sup-
ply of manufacturers and others ; and the certainty
that such parties, as well as private owners of pro-

perty, will largely avail themselves of such supply.
The attention of the public, generally, has not,
until of late, been fully directed to the facility
with which such supplies may be procured ; and
when it is known that there are hundreds of localities
within the town and outskirts, in which it will pay
the owners of property to sink wells and put down
pumps for their tenants, we may depend upon it
that such a course will be rather extensively
adopted. _ _

The remaining point is the proposal to make the
borough fund liable to be mortgaged to the bond-
holders, and to contribute to any deficiency which
may arise on the water account. Now it was held
to be one of the difficulties in the way of getting
rid of the Rivington project that an application to
parliament would be required : and the same diffi-
culty exists with respect to carrying out the propo-
sal, with the certainty almost of having to encoun-
ter a strenuous opposition. For what is the real
nature of the proposition ? It is simply to apply
the property of the mayor and burgesses of the
borough of Liverpool to the purpose of procuring
a supply of water, not for the sole use of those bur.
gesses—in that case it might have been defensible—
but for the use, as laid down for the first time in
the Rivington Act, of the inhabitants " within the
townships of Bootle, Litberland, Seaforth, Great
and Little Crosby, Sefton, Netherton, Aintree, Or-
rell, 'Walton, Fazakerly, West Derby, Thingwall,
Childwall, Much and Little Woolton, Wavertree,
Allerton, Gatcacre, Aigburth, Garston, Toxteth-
park, Halewood, Huyton, and Roby." What was
the argument urged against taxing the corporate
property to the support of the poor within the
borough ? Why, we were told that parliament
would scout such a proposition ;" that it would say
to us, if .you can afford to appropriate your revenue
for such a purpose, we shall inquire into your right
to levy town dues at all; and, at any rate, insist upon
a reduction in favour of the commerce of the
country. Yet we are now advised to ask parlia-
ment to allow us to appropriate it for the advan-
tage of districts far beyond the limits of the bo-
rough, whose inhabitants have as much right to ask
for a supply of water to be provided out of the
funds of the Liverpool burgesses, as the inhabitants
of Chester, Manchester, or the metropolis itself.
This portion of the special committee's recommen-
dation will not do. If the water committee must
and will go on with the Rivington project, they
must satisfy the public and their bond-holders
in particular, that it is likely to be a self-supporting
scheme ; and not look to the burgesses of Liver-
pool for payment for their whistle.

THERE has been a great deal said of late regard-
ing the excessive shipments of goods and twist
which have been made to India and China during
the past few months, and as our particular attention
has been called to Messrs. Fraser, Son, and Co.'s
circular, dated Manchester, 22nd inst., now going
the round of the Manchester papers, giving the
exports from this port for the first eight months of
the present year, with those of 1848 and 1847, we
have been induced to compare the different quan-
tities, and we feel satisfied they are nothing lik3 so
extravagant as has been represented. In the first
place, we must preface this investigation, which, if
correct, is of the utmost consequence to our mer-
chants as well as manufacturers, by a few remarks.
It would be puerile to attempt a comparison between
the shipments in this year and those of 1848, when
our merchants, with fortunes shattered by the
effects of continental turmoils and a crippled mar-
ket abroad, and embarassed, if not ruined, by the
disastrous panic of the previous autumn, had
neither the inclination nor the ability to embark in
speculations of any magnitude. We must have
some other data to go upon, and glad are we that
these gentlemen furnish us with the necessary in-
formation for 1847. In the first eight months of
that year, we find the total shipments of cotton
goods to India and China amounted to 138,905,000
yards; but in 1848, when our merchants were
paralysed, to 118,129,000 only, whilst in the pre-
sent year they are 192,900,000. The falling off of
1848, in round figures, was 20. million yards, which
of necessity, when matters come round, would have
to be replaced ; this leaves a further excess in the
shipments of the present year over that of 1847 of
33 millions of yards, or barely 25 per cent. in-
crease. This, no doubt, will be considered by many
sufficient for the present; but how stands the
matter with respect to twist ? In 1847, for the
same period, the total number,of lbs. exported to
India and China were 15,680,000; but in 1848,
they only amounted to 10,787,000, whilst this year
they are estimated at 17,319,000 : so that the ship-
ments this year have been about 10 per cent.
heavier than they were in 1847; hut, calculating
the great falling off which took place last year, and
which it is only reasonable to suppose would have
to be made up,. the total shipments are 20 per
cent. less than 1847.

The shipments to the East are now on the de-
crease; and when we take everything into consi-
deration—the fair demand that there is for nearly
every article of Indian produce, the easy money
market, the strong position of the raw material,
and every certainty of an abundant harvest, ivith
political matters settling down on the continent,
we confess our hopes for the future are good, and
we cannot join with the croakers in the manufac-
turing districts, who, after all, are self-interested,
that trade is being overdone, their object being to
keep down the price of raw cotton.

We understand that it is the intention of the proprie-
tors of the Egremont Ferry to run boats from Liverpool
as late as a quarter to twelve o'clock, P.M., during each
night of the festival at the Philharmonic Hall.
PRESENTATION.—On Thursday evening last, an ele-
gantly bound volume of Dr. Adam Clarke's Commentary
on the New Testament, was presented by the teachers of
the Birkenhead Welsh Sunday School, to the Rev. R.
Owen, late curate of that place, and at present the Welsh
incumbent of St. Paul's Church, in this town, as a mark
of the high esteem in which his services have been re-
garded while officiating there as their minister. The rev.
gentleman acknowledged this gratifying mark of esteem
shown him in very suitable and grateful terms. We re-
joice to be enabled to add that since the appointment of
Mr. Owen to the Welsh ministry of St. Paul, a material
and decided improvement has taken place as regards the
number assembling there.
THE NORTH RAILWAY STATION.— The new station
of the London and North Western Railway Company, in
Waterloo-road, which is reached from Edge-hill by the
recently-constructed Victoria tunnel, contains five acres
of land, the entire of which is either occupied by ware-
houses or covered with zinc shedding. The span of this
shed is 183 feet, covering seven lines of rails—the whole
cotton quay—from which can be loaded 20,000 bales of
cotton daily. The principal entrances to this station are
from Waterloo-road on the one side, and from Great
Howard-street on the other, and these two thoroughfares
form its eastern and western boundaries ; Stewart-street
stands on the north, and a block of warehouses on the
south. This is the largest goods station in England. It
has eight lines of rails, with a space of eight feet between
each line, to allow horses and men to pass in safety. The
warehouses erected here are the finest, perhaps, in the
kingdom. They are far larger than any other warehouses
in Liverpool, and are construcced on the best principles.
The rooms are each 102 feet by 90, containing an area close
upon 1,000 square yards. All the work will be done on
these premises by steam-power, and an engine of 50 horse
power is here erected ; but, fearing this amount of power
may not be sufficient, the engine-house has been built
large enough to allow a second engine, of the same power,
to be put up. The warehouses and all the premises are
recently whitewashed, and the appearance it wears is clean
and lightsome. In connection with the warehouses are
two admirably designed offices, which overhang the rails,
and are supported by iron beams; these offices commu-
nicate with the warehouses, and the man engaged here will
be enabled to superintend the business of the warehouses.
In each of the rooms there are two water plugs, which, in
CAW of fire, can be at ance tarred, and a plentiful supply
of water obtained. To form this station, upwards of one
hundred and twenty separate properties, consisting of more
than 150 dwelling-houses, warehouses, sheds, yards, &c.,
had to be purchased and pulled down. At the top end of
Stewart-street, adjoining Great Howard-street, is a vacant
plot of land, on which the general offices of the company
will be built. These offices will be of gnat extent and
magnificence. Passing upwards from the 'Waterloo sta-
tion, you find that the station extends under Great How.
ard-street, whieh is supported by a neat iron girder bridge,
of 116 feet span, erected by It. Daglish, jun., St. Helens;
and, a little further on, the station passes under the
gigantic brick arches which support the Lancashire and
Yorkshire goods station at such an altitude over Great
Howard-street. This arch is, we believe, the largest of
the kind in England. It has a span of one hundred feet,
and contains upwards of five and a half millions of
bricks. Here the Irish pig traffic will for the future be
taken, the pigs being made to walk into the trucks by a
very simple arrangement : cattle will continue as usual to be
got into the waggons at Edge-hilt, wherethe company's cat-
tle station contains 102 pens, capable of holding 1,200 head
of cattle. The station accommodates the Liverpool market;
and takes you to the mouth of the tunnel, the dimensionsof
which are as follow :—Dock to Tunnel, 500 yards ; Tunnel
to Byrom-street, 854 yards ; Byrom-street, under, 69
yards; Tunnel from Byrom-street to Edge-hill, 2717
yards : total, 4140 yards. The wire rope for this tunnel
is three miles long. The whole inland business of Liver-
pool may be done at this station ; when complete 5000
tons of goods at least may be easily despatched to all
parts of the kingdom. Trains are drawn up the new tun-
nel by means of four separate engines of 100-horse power
each.

THE LITERPoot STAINDARD.

GRAND OPENING OF THE PHILHARMONIC
HALL.

Last night, the first of a series of concerts, which will
be recorded as the greatest Musical Festival that ever was
known in this town, took place, in celebration of the
opening of that splendid building, the Philharmonic Hall,
in Hope-street, which has added au additional attraction
to the no small number of our elegant public structures.
The Philharmonic Society, who are the proprietors of the
building, had previously engaged the first-rate performers,
vocal and instrumental, of this country and of the Conti-
nent, as well as an efficient, numerous, and well-practised
hand of local choristers, male and female. Amongst the
former, it was at one time anticipated that Jenny Lind
would once more appear in Liverpool, having during her
last visit here been delighted with the capabilities of the
Hall, and given her promise to assist at its opening. Her
sudden departure from the country, after the period of her
expected marriage, prevented this' promise from being
carried into effect. The high standing of the other ar-
tistes engaged, however, renders even her absence little
felt. These comprise—Alboni, a vocalist as much ad-
mired in her own peculiar style and voice as Jenny her-
self; Jetty de Treffz, an Austrian lady of exquisite taste
and excellence; and Miss Catherine Hayes, an English
aspirant to the vacant primadonnaship, possessed of ac-
knowledged high talent. Grisi, too, in herself a host, who
has swayed for years the empire of song, presents herself,
with her unrivalled powers unimpaired, and probably for
the last time previous to her retirement from amongst us.
In addition, the Misses Williams give their beautiful ren-
dering of the sublime oratorio music of our classic compo-
sers ; with Viardot Garcia, the talented sister of the la-
mented Malibran ; and Mesdames Corbari and L. Cor-
bari. Such a constellation of female stars never before
shone in the same horizon.
Not at all less efficient is the list of male vocalists.
Mario and Sims Reeves, the first tenorslof the day or age,
contest the palm of superiority before aLiverpool audience.
The Lablache displays his unrivalled bass voice; and Bar-
tolini; Polonini, Tagliafico, and Herr Carl Formes, with
Benson and Whitworth, from our own neighbourhood,
complete the list. Mr. Lockey, we believe, does not ap-
pear ; but his place will be filled by our old favourite,
Machin.

The solo instrumentalists are Mons. Vivier, French
horn ; Signor Piatti, violoncello ; Ernst, violin ; and
Messrs. Halle and Benedict, pianoforte. To compose the
band the first talent available has been secured ; and,
with the chorus, number 320 performers, Mr. Hermann
being selected as leader. _ _ _

We must refer, however, a little more in detail, to the
characteristics of some of the leading artistes on this
auspicious occasion. First of all there is Grisi,—whose
fame is as widely diffused as civilisation itself. Her mira-
culous voice is as charming as ever. For the last eleven
years it has been the richest, the truest, the most dazzling
of human instruments. She was the first to give us a
correct interpretation of those profound soul-inspiring
productions of the late lamented Bellini, whose musical
themes will be cherished in the minds of all who love the
divine science, so long as it exists to be loved, and there
are people to love it. Tae outpourings of this artist's
vocalisation have long since exhausted panegyric, and we
are sure that on this occasion she will deliver whatever is
entrusted to her with consummate art, and retain her
supremacy in the estimation of every auditor.
Alboni has a very powerful contralto voice. She is well
known to most of our readers for her powerful and bril-
liant rendering of the " Non piu Mesta" in Rossini's
opera of ".Cenerentola,” and the "Il Segreto" in
" Lucrezia Borgia." This year, however, she has at-
tempted soprano parts, and has charmed every one by the
wondrous facility of her executancy, Her singing of the
" Una voce," in Barbiere di Siviglia " took everybody
who heard it by storm. We all remember with what ex-
traordinary profuseness of fioriture Persiani used to load
this melody, so that very frequently it was hidden by the
mass of magnificent ornaments in which it was enwrapped.
Alboni is very remarkable for the chastity and delicacy of
ber musical expression. These features are seen to very
great advantage in those beautiful airs which are assigned
to Arsace, in the opera of " Semiramide." The music in
this character is within the limits of her voice, and in her
mode of rendering it she has never been surpassed. Her
upper notes are clear and bell-like, and her lower notes
are rich, deep, and powerful ; so that, as a contralto
singer, she is at this moment without a rival.

Pauline .%iardot Garcia now merits our attention. She
is the sister of the late Madame Malibran, anti is known
as the prima donna in the two last operas of Meyerbeer,
viz., " Les Huguenots" and the " Prophete." All the
metropolitan critics concur in stating that she has an
organ of extraordinary power. Tt is of extensive register,
and its tones have been the admiration of all who have
listened to them. They are exquisitely pure and deli-
ciously mellow. Her distinctness of articulation in stac-
cato passages realises the very ideal of executive perfection.
Her pathos is quite overpowering, and so fine is the alter-
nation of her diminuendo that one can scarcely conceive
any sound to exist between that which falls upon the ear
and absolute silence. Her powers of extemporising are
very great. During their exercise she sets all chromatic
difficulties completely at defiance; and after her voice has
run up from the lowest to the highest point of its coin-
pass, it will burst forth in passages of the most dazzling
brilliancy, which electrify the senses of her captivated
hearers.

The Misses Williams are our countrywomen and old
acquaintances. As duett singers they are unrivalled.
Many a time they have charmed us, and often we hope to
be charmed with them again. Nature has endowed these
young ladies with voices of surpassing sweetness. In
neither is there one trace of harshness, while purity,
power and mellowness may he said to be their leading
characteristics. So beautifully are they adapted to each
other, so complete and rich is their blending, that one's
ear is never satisfied with its lavement in this tide of har-
mony. Their performances display a care and an industry
that is highly meritorious, and the grace and propriety
of their execution are a very pleasing and gratifying proof
of what a judicious and enlightened cultivation can effect.
The sisters Corbari are from the London Italian Opera
House.

The music for the occasion has been very judiciously
varied for the week, miscellaneous concerts and oratorio
alternating, the former being given in the evening and the
latter at the morning performances.
As might be expected from the curiosity to view the
splendid new building, and to listen to such a constella-
tion of musical talent, the attendance was trost numerous
and fashionable, comprising many of the elite of the land
far and near, and many of the first families and indivi-
duals in the category of our " merchant princes" and
citizens. The entire company were, as a matter of course,
in full dress ; and the ladies, who seemed to predominate
in numbers, and to whom were assigned the principal or
front seats. were variedly and splendidly attired. As the
powerful light shone upon their lovely countenances, and
shewed the elegance of their figures,—the splendour of
the attire of some, and the chaste simplicity of that of
others,—the spectator could not but confess that he never
before beheld suck a galaxy of beauty. The natural pro-
tectors of the sex were also conspicuous in manly appear-
ance, though in the less showy habiliments which are the
unostentatious and almost uniform fashion of the times.
The scene, in fact. reminded one of the narratives of en-
chanted palaces in the East, peopled by a commixture of
mortals with beings of a celestial caste.
As the audience assembled. every one was struck by
the magnitude, elegant construction , and perfect adaptation
of the interior of the hall, which we may at once pro-
nounce to be the finest and most capacious concert-room
in England. When the house became filled with " the
gallant and the fair," the coup d'aeil, from any part of it,
was deeply imposing ; and, for the satisfaction of those
who were not present, we supply a brief sketch of the
interior arrangements.
The room is in the form of an oblong square. The
boxes, and over them the galleries are, or rather appear
to be, recessed, this effect being produced by a single
elyptic arch on each side, over their fronts, and reaching
at its pitch nearly to the ceiling. The span of each arch
is nearly the full length of the body of the hall,—being
10G feet. The orchestra and stage at the east end is re-
cessed, also within an arch ; and opposite to it at the west
end there is a recessed gallery or row of stalls, over which
there is another gallery, of less width, fronted by ballus-
trading. The orchestra is of semicircular form as regards
the seats, (of which there are ten rows,) and is sufficiently
roomy for the accommodation (including the stage) of
three hundred performers. The music stands are of
bronze, with each of the tops cast in the form of a lyre.
At each side of the body of the hall there are three
doors for ready ingress and egress, and, between these,
windows filled in with perforated zinc for ventilation. In
front of the boxes. and supporting the galleries over them,
are handsome light-gilded pillars, with scroll ornaments
as capitals. The whole of the walls, and the fronts, or
panelling, of the boxes and galleries are temporarily
painted in light tints, ornamental finishing being yet in
reserve. The roof (over the body) is coved, and is consi-
derably higher than that which covers the galleries. The
coves are of perforated stucco-work. The central ceiling
is flat, but enriched by being in diamond-shaped com-
partments, formed by bold crossing plaster mould-
ings, with ornamental pendants at the meetings of the
angles. Round the top of the body, over the four
arches noticed, and projecting in bold relieve, there
is a chaste cornice, in the Grecian style, which pre.
dominates throughout the
.building. By day the hall
is lighted by four large windows with elegant pedi-
mental carved cornices, supported by appropriate orna-
mental trusses, or brackets. These, together with the
arch-work, and other accompaniments, bring (if we may
so express it) what are usually points of exterior architec-
ture within the building ; yet the designer has imparted to
the whole a surprising warmth of appearance. The arches,
at their respective springs, rest upon huge double pillars
of polished real black porphry with handsome capitals;
rind these contrast well with the general light and cheer-
ful colouring of the interior of the hall.
The boxes are elegant. They are divided by woodwork
topped with polished mahogany. These as well as the
galleries ara.upholstered in crimson' cloth. The seats in
the body are also of mahogany with iron frames and slop-
' ing backs ; and each seat forms, by means of intervening
arms, a chair for one auditor, so that no crowding or
squeezing can take place. Every seat in the body and
orchestra is also numbered. Messrs. Pemberton and Son,
of Duke-street, executed the greater part of the uphol-
stery work, and Messrs. Hand and Son, Bold-street,
the mahogany and other work.
The organ, at the back of the orchestra, is, though not
of large frontage, very elegant and classical in design.
It. is of great compass and fine tone. We may here state
that notwithstanding the recesses, arches, &c., the sound
of the voice, or of any instrument, is conveyd from any
part of the house to another without effort and without
perceptible reverberation. This is a great point gained,
and it has not been achieved without much study on the
part of the architect.
The manner in which the Hall is lighted and its effect
are altogether novel and surprising. There are no central
gaseliers, or even lateral lights. The wholels illuminated
by innumerable gas lights, fixed in close proximity all
round the top of the cornice which surrounds the body of

the Hall. (over the arches) ; arid such is the volume of
light, that the visitor, after a sliOrt sit, may, in forgetful-
ness, readily suppose that he is under the clear. open
canopy of heaven during the noonday sun. There is
nothing' to intercept the view, or to dazzle the eye ; yet
the brilliant.volume of pure light thus shed down filled
every box, corner, or recess ; and the effect it displayed on
countenance and costume was novel and enchanting.
The gas jets alluded to (which are of trefoil form) are no
fewer than 985 in number, and besides these there is a
beautiful circular pendant burner, or gaselier, over the
orchestra, formed of circles of burners, the whole form-
ing, in concentration, an earthly sun. The gas lights in
all, including those at the bark of the boxes and galleries,
and in the retiring rooms, lobbies, &c., amount to about
a thousand.

On each side of the orchestra there is a beautiful
" stage," or manager's, " box," of circular form, in bold
projection, and with canopied roof. The design of these is
peculiarly elegant and classical. The fronts of the boxes
and galleries are divided into compartments, and, though
plain and unassuming, comport with the general archi-
tecture, and have a telling effect.
From having obtained only a cursory view of the Hall,
and having but little time and space to devote to a
description, we cannot enter into minute details of the
ornamental work—nor is this necessary, as the "finishing"
ornaments have yet to be affixed. Even as it is now,
we entertain no doubt but that those who have attended
the concert last night will admit that we have not over-
rated the merits of the architect, or (concomitant with
these) the liberality of the Philharmonic Society, in pro-
ducing a building which is an ornament to the town, and
is already proved to be especially adequate to the require-
ments of the professors and amateurs of music.