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forms the scull, and the scull takes on the shape of the brain,
and nut the braiu the shiioe of rue scull. But will not the-scull
pi event sod. knowing the shape of the brain afterwards? In
some .iustances it will, and will lead to errors; but not much in
a healthy scull. It is very nearly of the saute thickness allover.
If there is a proluinenee in the brain the skull is prominent In
very old age the scull mar be thickened in some parts. But
though thelime has retreated from it- you wilt see it maintains
the saute character. Therefore, in very old age we should be a
little cautious; but fortunately iu very old age character is so
fully established that yon don't want the aid of the 'phrenolo-
gist. Thaf is one reason why at 2.1 or 25 a man's character
firms;- the sutaresclose up and the skull preventschange. There
is also another source of error likely to arise. Over the eyes at
the rout of the nose you see many people with a large bony
ridge.. Dues the brain come there also? No. After youth,
from 15 to 20, the two bones of the skull-separate, and you have
what is called afrontal :sinus. But. you may know whether there
is brain under it or not, for it is more acute in its edges. That
forms a difficulty which interferes with the judgnient of the
brain behind it. But it is a difficulty of 'so small an amount that
though we bear it in Mimi it is not of greaticousequeitice. And
after you have examined heads Sufficiently you will be able to
ascertain as to wh'ether the frontal sinus be large or not. If the
skull be of equal sickness. you have the means of ascertaining
the shape of the brain by the shape of the skull. At least, I defy
any body to dispute the faCts of this argument. We prove the
brain is the organ of the mind, and .that it is divided in its
operations—that the mind is manifested in different parts. How
shall we find that part of the brain which manifests any different
part of the mind? It is manifest that no preconceived theory
could give you any knowledge of this alone. Expertence alone
can give it. Lavater thought h. could distinguish man's cha-
racter by physiognomy—by the features, by the expression that
mind has thrown into a man's features; but it is clear that iu
society where men-have so much to conceal with the expression
of the mind and the endeavour to conceal it you have a cern-
pound character; whilst some have nothing to conceal, and.-their
features therefore express, nothilig. Lavater's book is full of
hypothesis, and when he gives you instances—that the open and
unsuspecting eye, and the open and unsuspecting heart shall in
a thousand instances go together; and asks, "shall we not say
that this is cause and effect ?" Shakspeare says no, 'a man
can smile, and murder while be smiles.'" Camper thought by
the facial line he should have the measure of the intellect of a
man; and he-was justified in making this attempt when we look
at the ancient statues. He called the angle formed by two lines,
one drawn from the forehead to the front of the uoper jaw, and
aheother in. a line from the front of the upper jaw to the ear,
the- facial angle; and io proportion, as. that. angle was more or
'less acute we should have inure or less intelligence—that the
obtuse' tingle would denote much intelligence, the acute one
very little The ancients made the statue of Jupiter have the
! field angle alWays upwards of 100 degrees*' and their heroes
h9O 'degrees. To their gladiators and those of less intelligence
they gave a much, less angle; and Lavater has published in
his book a table of angles from man to the frog, which comes
clown to an angle of twenty degrees. The angle iu a horses'
head is only twenty-five. It was a very specious mode of
endeavouring to arrive at the quantity of intelligence; it
showed the quantity before the ear, but it did upt show
the width, or the height, or any of the quantity behind.
And it is only true to a certain extent, because, in the
negro head the angle is very acute, not because the forehead
recedes so much, but because the jaws protrude so much—a
deformity peculiar to the monkey tribe; and therefore this plan
is deficient eve❑ in its own intentions, It was again thought
by another philosopher that if a line were drawn from the
hole through which the spinal marrow goes, he could tell the
quantity of brain in the scull ; but that is deficient in ail
things. Cnvier, *bearing in mind the quality and size of the
braiu in man, ascertained the area, or number of square inches
that the brain occupied, and thought that the mind might be
ascertained by that. But-absolute size does not give you the
amount of intelligence. The brain of the elephant is larger than,
man's, but not so its intelligence; therefore absolute size does
nut give a measure of intelligence; therefore absolute size fails.
(The lecturer here instanced water in the bead, where the brain
becomes of immense size, as not indicating a measure of intel-
ligence, and exhibited a pathological plaster cast.) Does the
relative size of the face tell you anything ? It has been thought
it did. Look at Montaigne,. Burns, Voltaire, Byron,- Pone,
some with large, some with very small faces; therefore this
system fails, and all other systems fail but the phreuological
system, and an accident discovered the truth ; but an accident
WhiCh can only happen to genius." It was an accident which
discovered to IS''ewton the system of the universe, in au apple
falling from a tree. But how many apples might have fallen on
men not geniusses before the discovery had been made. Dr.
Gall was struck at school with the. touch greater facility that
other buys had in learning by heart than he had, and so annoyed
was he by this comparative difference that he thought there was
something detective in the school. He changed the school, but
he still found the same thiug, ethers surpassed hint. This led
him to think, and when he. saw among his own bi:others and
sisters every variety of talent, he was led to consider whether
orgatlizatiou had not something to do with it ; and he noticed
that all those who had the power of learning by heart possessed
prominent eyes—what we call goggle eyes. This struck hire as
a co-incidence; he 'was far front taking it as cause and effect.
It struck hint further, does any other faculty if the mind so
exhibit itself? and after many experiments on many things, he
got together in his house 'nen of all characters—men known to
be thievesinen known to be fighters, and men known to he
cowards. He watched them, made them drunk, and examined
their heads.; so in process of time he accumulated a mass of
facts which proved between these fighters and those cowards a
great dissimilarity' in parts of the head, and put dawn those
facts; he then took to this study, that the torumatiou of the
skull is indicative of the formation of the mind: He went to
prisinis and lunatic asylums, and laboured as few men have
dune, and it was years before he began to teach that the skull
indicated the shape of the brain, that the mind had several pri-
mitive faculties, that the brain had a variety of organs, the
special function of each particular organ being to express some
particular faculty, and that you could through the medium of
the skull determine. the Yolume of the organ, and thereby the
special quality. These are the first results of his experiments
and observations. In the, year 1800 Spurzheitti became his
pupil' ticiitlitudiii.l With him, and in 1804 Sputzlielin became his
-associatei-. and to him we owe touch; the bi hieing phrenology
into shape, the analyzing of it, the reducing of it into first prin-
ciples, and the removing of much of its verbiage. It required
anther wan to do this. Among the mass of facts Gail was
bewildered. Spurzbeim removed its errors, and formed that
philosophical' system Which is nearly like the alphabet; you
can take nothing away from it, nor add to it. They are both
dead, and there is no living man capable of wearing their man-
tle. Thousands have rushed forward to support it, and the man
who bears the largest part °lit is Mr. Geo, Coombe, who started
as a bitter enemy of the science, and became, in its investiga-
tion, as every man will who will investigate it at all and know
it, a firm phrenologist.* - Dr. Viinont, the most strenuous
supportersea s phrenology g
oioguy,
net, Fianceritten coustnencedespeciaiiy againsta book avhit-h
now phre-
nology.
It proves that these men, from the very fact
of their setting nut as impenents of phrenology, are firmly
of opinion that phreuology is the true science of the hu-
ir
ties. Well, how many primitive faculties ate theme? How
man mind. We scythe Mind is divided into a variety of pri-
primitive facul-
mitive faculties. All philosophers have allowed hat the mind
is so divided : that fear is not the same as courage, love as bate,
mercy as cruelty—that the power of calculating numbers is not
the same as the power of religious feeliug—that you will find
theta developed in a great variety of manners in different na-
tions, and tribes, and individuals; consequently you have many
upgririenei faculties
in ng t h
ien
mindtunderstandingltetobedividin
allowed
will you show how many there are ? We allow primitive
faculties to be those that are exhibited in one class of animals
and not in another. It you go down to some classes of animals
they never fight, others do. If you go to some animals you find
them exceedingly fond of their offspring. The monkey is ex-
ceedingly attached to its offspring, and so is the cat. You find
the male dog and the bull, and the ostrich, care nothing about
their offspriug. There is a different faculty. So it is in the in-
dividual. The faculty of :earning mathematics has little to do
with that of music. The faculty of learning, Greek and Latin
has little to do with selt-esteetn The faculties of cruelly and
kindness are different. Consequently there is another mode of
'
illy.estigaiieg what are and what are pot primary faculties. So
iildiseaes it you find any one power of the mind destroyed
rind others remaining, you will find that one is an independent
faculty. Au independent faculty is a primary faculty. The
New Hollander cannot count four; Newton counted the stars:
there is a difference there—that is, in the primary faculty. In
dreaming, you have one faculty. awake and all the rest asleep.
Therefore, one part of the brain is awake and all the rest asleep.
Then you have a variety of faculties. If you look into Coombe's
beautiful book on phrenology., you have a variety of them de-
serit•ed, and it will tell
,sou what they are. I shall nut com-
mence ou them to-night, because of nine. Forming part of
the animal formation, we were brought into the world; and the
first thing we have to do is to support life. It is a faculty ex-
hibited iu a much greater degree in one animal than another.
The faculty of eating is exhibited in a
.much greater degree in
one minuet than another; and you will find if you examine
amongst men it is very much greater in one man than another.
'('here was a history of a French prisoner who had a disease of
this faculty, and his craving was so great that, for curiosity's
sake, they allowanced him, to see what he would eat; and the
quantity tie would eat was six pounds of raw beef,' tnur pounds
of candles, and a variety of other ingredients, making sixteen
pounds per day. That man, day after day, eat that. quantity,
and was not satisfied with it. I once kuew a gentleman who
had tit disease of this faculty—indeed, I attended him—and he
-Would' go. into my • larder, and one day he took a whole loin of
mutton amid picked the bones at once, -without any ceremony,
and yet came at his usual hour fit dinner. You have a primary
faculty there. What is it that makes a chicken, the moment it
is out ails shell, pick tip the grain that is fitted fir it and re-
ject those which are not? What is it that makes the cow and
the horSe immediately
.pick the grass which is fitted for it and-
reject that'wbich is not ? We have given the name of alimenta-
liceaess to this faculty. It is proved that this faculty produces
.discriminations rather than hunger'. In proportion to its de-
velopement, you have a gourmand or nut. You know that
childieu will occupy the whole of the day, and the night too,
in eating. You will find amongst all men who ate notorious
tourniands—you will find they are very wide before the ear,
nearly on a level with the hole of the ear. You will find
thetas very wide at the temples, just before the middle of the
ear; -and it gives a breadth us if the head were built on a solid
toundation. And you will find amongst all animals that are parti-
cular in their food a peculiar development in thal part oft he brain.
It is most essentially ordained. by God; and if you had not that
desire to take in nourishment you might feel pain in the stomach,
but if there was no desire you would not take food. Yon might
as Well take food When you felt pain city where else, You will
find gourmands .and great eaters wider there than those who
are careless about eating, or only eat with-a moderate appetite.
It is said, that the temporal muscle which goes over there will
deceive you, and make a wide appearance at the temples; but
if the jaw be dropped the muscles are relaxed, and you will
find that alimentativeness is very.manifest indeed. It was one
of the ordinauces of God that the higher claSses of animals
should leave behind them an offspring to carry on the race.
This subject. I cannot well enter into. But it is well known
that amongst individuals there is a very great differeure in the
feeling which causes the yeunger of the sexes.to admire the
others. You find some marry very early in life. Some are
very much attached to females. Some care nothing about them
and live,and die bachelors. Pitt I may instance ; be cared no-
thing about thetn, and lived and died a statesman. You will
find th'at where this feeling is very strongly developed that you
will have a very powerful development at the base of the skull
—at the very buttons part where it jeins the neck. You cannot
have tailed on readiug the neWspapets, which-every lady reads,
as well as gentlemen, to have read where men have not stopped
at anv thing, even the destruction of themselves, soul. and body,
in following out this feeling. I pass trout that; it is one of those
faculties essential to the continuance of the race, sod is called
amativeness. But when you have voting beings born it is neces-
sary they should lie cared for. Now if our intellectual or. rea-
soning faculties were all we had to depend on for the' support
of our children, I alms afraid they would come badly off. .At all
events animals would. Animals have not reason enough to
t;ike care of ofr-to ing ; 1 um sure no feeling of selfishness-would
inilece'you to take care of child rep;, and yet an-Ripest animals
and emunest (niftiest) sex ient happy to say you have feelings
for )tear offsprings. pfiwerfuLthat it is a feeling of attachment
that absorhsreteiy other for the time being. You have. linu-
dreds of iiistaa,4:'of this, -thOUgli children are a trouble by day
and you by [tight. ('i'he lecturer here gave an instance

„

distance she dropped her pups, and brought one in her mouth
to her
,journey's end, and funnediately returned for the others,
which sue brought one after the other, in this way travelling
. 180 miles, when she hopped down dead.) ,You have heard of
Nelson's attack on the bear how she defended her cubs; and
you who are mothers have felt this attachment in all its intensity.
It was necessary that we should have some faculty which should
induce us to take care of the infant which cant,et take cane of
itself, when the child is only one continued .source of trouble.
They had an instance the other day of this feeling before the
Lord Mayor of Lontravii, of a woman wanting the father of a
child to aff nil something for its subsistence, when the father
said, "-I will rake the child." "No," said-the mother, allow
me something to support it; I cannot bear to leave my child."
This is called philoptugenitiveners—the love of offspring.. It is
situated on the back part of the head, firming the lower pro-
minence on the head. You find a very great difference indeed
on the head. I have heard that German heads are not pro•
tninent in this part; and a friend of mine that lived there told
me that the fathers in Germany du kick their little devils about.
Women have that prominence very large; and savages have
it very prominent; there is no savage without it. And the inure
savage the more necessary is this feeling. In some instances,
where the organ is deficient, -you- have infanticide, whether na-
tional or individual. Gall and Spurzheim examiued the skulls
of twenty-6ve women win, killed their children, and in twenty-
two this prominence was deficient. Therefore you see it is a
feeling inherent in savage life; and frequently, by other
faculties, it is destroyed by civil life. It is established as
a primitive faculty, and its situation in -the head is es-
tablished • also. I find I shall not be able to get through
all I intended to night. Having children it was essential
that you .should be able to provide for them, and habitations
for them. In climates where you have no covering, the top of
a tree, to avoid wild beasts, may be sufficient. But you find
that all: men are. fond of returning to the same tree and the
same covering. And you find as more shelter is required, they
are induced to construct 'habitations of a more laborious and
costly kind. And you find a very great difference indeed in
the expression of this feeling. Some animals wander about in
any direction; others ire attached to one place. I may notice
the dog and the cat as indications. The dog will follow his
master to, any home and be satisfied; the cat will stop at, the
home and let the master go where he pleases. You find this
feeling in men: some are attached to their twines,- others are
always roaming. It was nut this feeling which first led Gall to
notice the faculty. He was led to notice it from observing that
some chose a high situation and some a low, one; as
.among
magpies, you have some which always build in the hedge, and
some always in .a tree. He said, here is a strange difference
here; it is a primary feeling ; let me examine their heads- and
see if there is.any strong marked difference.," H-e founda pro-
mineece immediately above philoprogenitivenessi and where
that prominence was not developed, as it was not in the Ame-
.rican Indian,. he found the party cared very. little fur home.
We know the babits of the American Indian tithes are pre-
datory and wandering ; that they go in search of prey. and
seldom live in one place, and:their very food obliges them to go
in search of it; and you see an' extraordinary difference between
those skulls and men who have it. This faculty is called in-
habitiveness. It is a general faculty; and whenever it .is
strongly developed, it obliges people to keep at home. It im-
pels them, and the desire for home is so great that they keep
there, though it is desirable for them to lease it. It is, how-
ever, a faculty which is disputed ; and we find that Coombe
attributes another faculty to it, that of concentrutieeness. I think
he is wrong; that inhabitatiteness is that faculty, and that
concentraliveness is another faculty higher up. Allow ine to re-.
trace my steps. What is the abuse of the feeling,of the love of
offspring? A case was related at the Loudon „Phrenological
Society, one night when I was there, of.as woman who had a
son who had enlisted for a soldier; she was a washerwoman.
She was so unhappy at the loss of her son, who .bad always
lived with her, that she could scarcely attend to her work.
She still worked early and late ; but her mind was.
far away. She begged, borrowed. and worked enough to
.purchase his discharge. She sent the muuey and his dis-
charge was .purchased, and be came home. She came home
after she had accomplished her object, and the stimulus being
gone, and the action of the brain having been so long -con-
tinued, she became ill, and the moment her sun entered the
house, she said, "Mv son, my son," and died, tier head was
opened, and in the very position of philoprogeuitiyeness was an
abcess, the result, as any medical man would tell you, of infla-
matoryaction iu the part. But this feeling may be exceedingly
abused; and how often do. we, see mothers without considering
what'are to be the after duties of their children indulging them
in every, thing they can wish for, although to their present ill-
nesS, and even death. We know no children ate so healthy as

at school. Medical men's bills are then nothing. We know
that they go• home for the Christmas holidays. The moment
the Christmas holidays arrive, we have our laum-puddiug, and
mince-pie draughts ready. 1 know one lady so careful of her
children, that she never for a moment allowed them to he alone;

and now, that one of her daughters is groan up, she will have

. ,
her to sleep with her, and the daughter inheriting the same feel-
Ina, will have one or two of the younger children in the bed

with them. The mother who is 'an invalid, and of very ad-

vauced age, and asththatical, just as she is getting to sleep in
the morning, the children are awakening to play, which is
destroying her; yet she cannot be persuaded to live otherwise;
and the back part of her head is exceedingly prominent.
Begging pardon fot this digression. we come to another feel-
ing—that is the feeling of adhesiveness or attachment. It was

_ ..._
necessary that animals should not only be fond of their young,
but where timidity was not inherent, that they should herd
to-
gether
in large numbers;
and that is the organ of gregarious-
ness among sheep; and even cows; for cows are afraid of the
lion - All animals of the gregarious kind are impelled .to herd

together by this feeling, -which is a primary faculty. (Mr.
Itunaball here quoted a beautiful passage from SliakKpeare,
eludidatory of this feeling, and also one from Virgil.) Friend-
ship is the result of a peculiar feeling, which induces people to
adhere together—to attach themselves to each other. All men
know that they have an attachment to people irrespective of
sex, and not from auv benefit to be derived frotn their society,
or more than that, from their purses. This is said to be a pro-
pensity common to men and animals : so it is. Now, I don't
think, looking at the time, that I can go through these organ.' to
night; but I may allude before I go to a point, that. I noticed
iu my circulars, .Amatireness and Adhesiveness, They are the
impulses which' induce us to contract engagements which are
to last for life. You find many even among animals that do
this. The fox does; the pole-cat does; the turtle dove does.
So long as they are alive they live together if they can. Amongst
other animals polygammy is very extensively allowed. If we
look at this, why is it that in contracting an engagement which
is to last for life, that instead of its being a comfort, it is fre-
quently intolerable in the first stage of our union. Why is it
that we have such a strong feeling for an object at the first stage
that we cannot leave it out of sight ? Why is it that that object
devotes hiMself or herself to you; that you find yourself totally
indifferent, or even worse; totally disappointed to the prospect
you had formed of the happiness you expected? It is this: be-
cause you formed the union from amativeness—from love at first
sight. There is not a greater error than to form au union from
love at first sight. Perhaps it was from interest it was,not
from adhesiveness, for that faculty desires its own happi-
ness. The moment you are in love you want to be mar-
ried. That is done. Amativeness necessarily is satisfied, and
there is an end.of it. Adhesiveness then says satisfy me; because
I ant a very orderly woman, and a very moral woman, and
kind feelings towards the poor. Do you coincide with me in
all these feeling? I have only known you three weeks and .c
were married. Or I have met you at balls, where you put on
your outward character with your outward garments, and now
yoll have taken off both, I find my room is never fit to go into..
*lnstead of being possessed with- benevolence, I find that you
turn the beggar with scorn from thedoor.. Instead of benevolence
you have slander and uncharitableness against friends behind
their'backs; instead of being amiable, You are proud, haughty,
and above your station. There is not a single organ which is
large in my head, which is not small in yours. And must you
not be unhappy? You find you are moral; he is immoral; you
are fond of order, he of disorder; in every thing in life they
are antipodes; and yet they may be beautiful as angels, and
till you are married,'soft and gentle as the downy turtle doves.
That is the reason of miserable marriages. To have reasonable
expectation of a happy marriage, not only must the general
state of the mind be the same, and the religious feelings be
pretty much on a par; but if the same passions are existing in
the one as in the other, if the same offence will be taken by the
husband, that is a slight to the wife—if the same pride of cir
'cumstances exists in the one as in the other, above all if there
exist between them a community of feeling, then the last days
of such a couple will he happier than the first. What is the
use of phrenology? To supply the place of long intercourse.
Fathers and mothers don't like that men should be thrown into
the society of young girls to dive into their inuermost thoughts.
to find they are nut to their liking, and then leave them. You
find you have dived into the feelings of a female, and must
either marry her for her own feelings' sake, or desert her and
destroy her. I defy any two persons to disagree, but I Mill
point out two very strong prominences differing in their sculls,
At all events, phrenology will show what qualities parts of the
head indicate, and that is what no system but phrenology can
pretend to. As it is approaching ten o'clock, 1 must deter
.going further till next Tuesday.

*We had intended offering some running comments on the
above lecture, but are compelled, from want of space, to be
brief, and from want of time to give a hurried, and therefore
insufficient malice. Mr. Rumball considers "the precinct of
organization'to be mind, that mind is more or less. developed
by greater or less organization, and that the soul has always
been considered the mind " We beg distinctly to deny this.'
So far as we remember, (we have not the work at hamtto
quote,) philosophers have held man to be constituted of three
principles' or parts;—the body, mind, and soul. Mind—intel-
ligence and reason, which animals have iu degree; and soul--
immortality, a never dying escence, the spirit of God in-
fused into - man, which animals have not. Men may, have
varieties of minds, small minds and large minds, minds beaming
with intelligence ant': minds devoid of it ; but all men have
souls alike, equal, immortal. Again, Mr. Rumba!' talks of our
inability to say in what the soul differs in one animal from
another. We deny, on the hypothesis above stated, that ani-
mals have souls at all. But what we most dislike in the nail.
we have quoted is, its rank materialism—its contrariety to re-
vealed religion. What says the materialist ? We quote from
Evans's " Sketch of all Religious :"
" The doctrine of materialism respects the nature of the
human soul and the peculiar mode of its existence. It teaches
that the soul is not a principle independent of the body, but
.that it results from the organization of the brain, though in a:
manner that will not admit of explication."
This is precisely Mr Rumball's theory. But we must confine
ourselves and proceed to another point. Mr. Rumball asserts,
that the brain is divided into separate and distinct faculties.
Dr. Maeartney, the celebrated anatomist, states, that the brain
is so intimately interwoven in its construction, that he cannot
conceive it possible for one part to act without another. Mr.
Rumball says, that one part of the brain is active in taking cog-
nizance orsounds, and another of sight. On the other baud, it
may be said,, that the same pair of nerves, terminating at the
same part of the brain, convey .the sense of smell and the sense.
of taste from the palate. Mr. Rumball says, the fact of the.
brain being fatigued with aistruse study, and yet being capa-,
We afterwards of light reading, proves a diversity of faculties
in the brain, else would the 'same fatigue extend to the light
reading. Yes, say we, in the same manlier as the. tact
of a,inan's being relieved from fatigue after, Alow walking by
walking briskly, and from walking very fast by gentle runnijig,
and again by slow walking, proves that a man has a dievrsitv
of legs. Mr..Rumball sayS, if his theory is not true, a great
genius would be a genius in all things instead of in one thing'
only. ~.So he would be if he would apply the same zeal, energy,
and industry to the acquirement Of all things, as he does,to the
one which is impossible; therefore he is only a genius in one
thing. 'Why should not r.toliler be able to fiddle as well as
cobble shoes, setting genius on_ one side, lint because he has not
practised fiddling iu the same,nianner as he has done cobbling.
or who can doubt that he would be able to finger catgut as
well as waxed thread: Mr. Rumball speaks 01 a man's eating
sixteen pounds: weighL of food per day,, from having a
diseased' faculty., and, only that. Why any limn who knovis

anything of anatomy, knows that iu order to do thed he
vithst have a stomach
.adapted for it, that hr= must have a
larger spleen, .and a,greater circulation to 'the part • to, I.tut
the requisite quantity •of gastric juice to dissolve the fond
with sufficient rapidity; and that this very fortna.tion of parts
for the rapid action of the gastric juces.would cause the craving
for food, by quickly emptying the stomach; and' then, what
'becomes of the faculty ? In conclusion, Mr. Rumball gives an
inonnen of n tea .linnitur extraordinary afeption.fnr her

found in the organ ot:philoproge.nitieenesm. Dr. ltatartney rem
laird a.ease at the Briiish Association Meetings of a man hav-
ing a pitch. fork driven up his nostrils, and being so firmly
wedged lu the top of the skull,- that it had to be hammered out.
and the man lost soute.portiou of brain, and lived seven years
afterwards, and was perfectly well and sane after it.

THE ANNW§L ,MEETING OF-SUBSCRIBERS TO
l'llli BLIND ASYLUM. •

On 'Friday the annual meeting of the subscribers to the
Blind Asylum was held in -the ,boarti.,roont of the institution,
London-road.' The meeting was -confined principally to' the
gentlemen or the Committee, and did uut comprise inure than
twenty individuals.
Naylor was called. to the chair.
The treasurer, Mr. It. Houghton-, read the accounts. nap-,
peared., that,- during the last year, the receipts, including a
balance of £551. 53 2d. from -the previous year, amounting to
£2243 16s old; and the expenditure, exclusive of L 1785 2s 1 lid,
received on, account of sales, was £3802 l4s Id, leaving a ba-
lance in the treasurer's hands of £4ll Is 11zd, and making
the total" outlay £3307 17s 01. Bills to thd a Muun tot I:571 18s 2ct
still remained unpaid. The expenses -tifithe kitchen for 125
persons were stated. to be £1101.6s 3d, or 3s. 4d weekly for each
person, which wit 4, 4d per ,head inure-than in 1836, when the
expenditure was £996 16s 9. This was owing to the advance
ou the price or provisions, principally in three articles, butcher's
meat, potatoes, and flour. 'Twenty 'individuals had been re-
ceived into the school; and. the same number had left it. The
secretary stated that he never remembered a year when less
credit had been done to the school by those who quitted it
than during the last, only three scholars having merited re-,
wards.: Some of them had left froin - There were
now 108 schoPars in the school, and £350 towards its support
had been received from donors. The accounts were then passed,
on the motion of Sir Juhu Salushury, seconded by, Mr. James

kr. WARNER then moved "That it be resorVed that the
thanks of this meeting be presented to the Right 'Him. the. Earl
of Dartniouth, the late 'president; to William Ripley, EN.;
Francis Heywood. Esq., Thomas Shaw, Esq , and •,James
Esq., the late vice-presidents; to Mr. It. W.!FlUugh-
ton, the treasurer; and to the Rev. Mr. Hull, tha chaplain.
Mr. PAttinv seconded the resulutionovhich was unanimously
Carried. ,

Sir JOHN SA Lusßuity then moved That the thankg' of this
meeting be presented to the physician, the surgeon, the visit.
ers. the aaidtiirs, and the cOninintee far the last )ear, for the
attention which they have bestowed on the duties which have
devolved upon them. - • .
The resolition was seconded, and unanimously carried.
Resolutiont'of thanks were then passed •: to Those gentlemen
who had presented iionationS tit the society," and " to the Rev.
T. Berry, for an excellent harpsichord, fur the use of the in-
stitution.

The chapel accounts were next read. 'The income, including
balani.:e of £73717, Id.in hand ou ISt January, 1837. was fur
the past year—ainount peeeived at the chapel doors, £758 Is 10,1;
rents of pees, £709 7s 10d; interest of money, £l6 19s 10d;
total, £2222 16s 7d, and the expenditure for salaries, &c.
£772 ss. 2d.

A conversation then took place with respect to the appoint-
ment of the Rev. Mr. Hull, the chaplain, as one of the mem-
bers of the committee, to which it seems the rev. gentleman
had hitherto objected.
Mr. I)SANB e*pressed a hope that, as the causes of opposition
to the appointment on the part of Mr. Hull had now subsided,
he would nu• longer have anrobjection to be put on th-e com-
mittee. It any objection -did still exist on his part, they had
no oppoi tunny to.remove it but by the treasure he proposed'.
Mr. G. H. LAWRENCE expressed. his-wish that the chairman
would signify to Mr. Hull the feeling of the committee on the
subject. •
iw The CHAIRMAN said,,if it was the .general wish of the com-
mittee he certainly should have no objection.
The SECRETARY said, thation Wednesday he had thought it
his duty to send Mr. Hull a note, to remind) him of the annual
meeting: He had received-au answer Irons Mr. Hull, which
he read to the meeting, to. the following effect : ‘• In reply to
your note requesting my attendance at the annual meeting at
the Blind Institution to-tnorrow, it is not convenient for Ine
to
attend. With regard to my allowing myself to be a member of
the committee for the present year, I have only to observe, that
I thought I expressed myself with sufficient clearness un that
subject at the last annual meeting of the trustees.
Mr. Tuitrian remarked, that after the cavalier manner in
which Mr. Hull had treated them two years ago, they should
not go out of their way to invite hitn. •
After some further conversation. the CHAIRMAN said, it ap-
peared to hint there were two questions before them; first, whe-
ther Mr. Hull should be placed on the committee, and next,
whether they should wait upon him to invite him to accept the
appointment.
Mr. DEANE said he should press his motion that Mr. Hull
be elected on the'committee„ t .

. .
The motion was accrdingly put, and carried. .
The SECKIii'A NY said, the next thing to be done was the elec-
tion or a President. There were, two names be had got; one
was Lord Stanley, a neighbour, and an occasional visitor of
the institution; and the other: was the Bishop of Chester:.•
general feeling appeared indavour of Loid Stanley, and be was
declared president fur the ensuing year. . . . .
The SECILETAV said, that the next appointment was one Of
considerable intim*. They had to choose vice-presidents, two
of whom were bound to act in conjunction with two other gen-
tlemen chosen by the Town-council: in the appointment of a
chaplain, should a vacancy occur. It was requisite they should
both be members of the church.
Mr. Todd Naylor, Mr. W. Putter, and Mr. James Aspinall
were proposed.
Mr. N AY LER' objected, on, the ground that he had served the
office previously.
. .
Mr. JAMES ASPIN A Lt., also objected; for this reason, that he
did not attend the Church for the Blind, ana he thought the
office ought to be confined to members of the congregation.
In reply to Mr. Aspinall, it Was stated that the church re:.
ceived more from the contributions of strangers than from pew

After some further observations Mr. Todd Naylor, Mr.,Law-
rence, Mr. Tutner, and Mr. Parry were appointed vice-presi-
dents. Mr. R. Houghton was re-appointed treasurer, • with ex-
pressions of high approbation. The committee, consisting of
forty-two individuals, the greater part of vrhour, had been in
office previously, was next chosen, alter which, and a vote of
thanks to the chairmau, the meeting separated. .

LECTURES ON PHRENOLOGY:

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. '

report of my Introductory Lecture upon Phre.
nology, which you have inserted in your paper of the 12th
instant, some errors of vital importance are committed. The
position your reporter occupied in the theatre, did, as he asserts,
prevent him, from taking "copious" notes, no blame, therefore.;
attached to hint, although. as understood by Line, what 1 si.id
must appear arrant nonsense, or worse.

I must trespass upon) our kindness to insert as brief a notice
as I can take, of some of the most glaring of t hese errors, and,
to save space and time, I will repeat what I did say, which will
enable your readers to discover those parts of your article which
are incorrect.

lu regard to life, I said "that it was still disputed whether
life was a first principle, or the result of organization," and
contended for the former opinion, I stated the difference between
animal and vegetable life_ to consist principally in these two
points :—" Animal life is endowed with consciousness, vegetable
life is not; animals can only live upon that which has been
organised—which. has, possessed life.—whereas vegetables can
extract nourishment from inorganic matter."
You write " Curby and Spencer," for "Kirby and Spence."
I asserted that we " WERE all descended from ONE coininon
stock." The Bible stated this, and "that was proof enough ;"
but that we bad other proofs ; and that men differed in degree,
nut kind;" that, widely separated from each other as men were,
both in inteliectual and physical endowment, (and the Greek
and Laplander evidenced how great a difference did exist, so as
to make them appear almost as of different species,) yet that
they only differed in degree, and that we had abundant proof
that all men were of the same specieii." I said, " the Greek
was descended from a nation of sages and heroes," &c. I said,
the tempatatneut "did not create character, lint influenced it."
For " Mrs. Lindon," read "Mrs. Milton." •

, .
1 said, that every inan judged something of every other man
by his form; we were all phyviognomists, therefore. But that
the horse-dealer was a phrenologist. without knowing it, for he
could tell the temper of a horse from the position of his ears and
shape of his head."
_•

I said, that "in ascending the scale of creation, we found that
every increase, or addition to au animal's intelligence, was ac-
companied by an additiou of parts to the brain," and that ( other
things being equal) size indicated power." That many large
brains did exist, without anye.vidence of corresponding power ;
but that in these cases the quality of the brain was affected
and, in my lecture of last evening, I proved that absolute size of
brain teas no certain criterion,' that-relative size- to-the.body.wirs
no criterion, man's being in the iyroportiou of about 1 to 40,
the elephant 1. to 500, and .the canary.! to 14.
I argued that the mind toft bei..ause its operations
were immaterial, and instanced "memory, judgment, imagine.
Lion, and the like." '
did not say that" no pulpit could prove a hereafter;" what
I did say was just the reverse, and may thes he shortly, ex-,
pressed, "that whilst it was the office of christian iniuisters to
trace God and. his attributes, in that holy book wherein he has
been pleased to reveal himself to us, it was the business of a
philosopher to read of` him in his works. and that, if we had to
thank phrenology- fur .nothing else, it proved what 1/0 divine
attempted to prove-7viz., the existence of a Deity, not•unly
from the book olatature generally, but from luau's own spe-
cific organiiation ;r:lor that tfie.principal faculty which distin-
guished him from all other animals was, one whose special and
almost onlyoffice it was, to worship • •
I cannot expect that you will allow me to enter into a con-
troveisy with you, upon your editorial rematks. You will
perceive that they are founded upon erroneous data, however ;
and if I could supply omissions, which year space will not allow
of, you would find that they are entirely groundless. I stated
that physiognomy was a "fanciful supersta ecture, built upon a
solid foundation;" and from triad I have stated above, and in
my last lecture, you will perceive that I agree with Professor
Evanson to the letter. .
With respect to Dr. Macarttiey, we difFer entirely from the
school to which he belongs. We do not seek to cut into the
mind's structure with a kuile ; and although anatomy has
thrown much light upon the parts which manifest it, it has,
unassisted, done nothing, absolutely nothing, towards a dis-
-covery of the "nature of mind." And we do believe that we
can "by examing an orange tell, withont cutting into it, wile-
' Cher or not it be fruit fit to eat i" and. we derive this knowledge,
r as we derive our knowledge of phrenology, from experience, and
not theory. •
In my next lecture, on Tuesday evening, January 23, I shall
notice the above, and any other error 1 nay detect.
1 aux, sir, your obedient servant, • • "
J. G. ItUMI3ALL..

fan. 19, 183 g.

yr 4
WANTON Ou Anki.—Wis understand thatenfew nightls.ago,
some miscreants wantonly destroyed a lamp over the'dbor of
the John Bull Tavern, in Lutnber-street, which. like4nany,
other streets in Liverpool is but indiarently lighted. The loss
of the lanip, is, therefore, a source. orinconvenience,in the
neighbourhood.. We are glad to hear that the police,have re-
ceived a clue to the parties who have,coiontitted this outrage. .
THE RovAL AsirniTtinATH.E.-,-This plitce ref .anitisement
continues to till. We have heard-the Kimnastic feats of Mr:
Randall highly spoken of.. We shall endeavour to judge for
ourselves by on future publication; and givean account of them.
We tegrei to state, that owing to tote sjipperyness of the foot-
paths at Leeds, on Thursday week, hAr. names. M.P., fell, and,
received a severe contusion of his tight atut, which has tut the
present disabled him frotn,using it. The hon. member is, is
consequence, ohlimetito frank his letters with his left hand.
At ti•dinner of h..rticulturists, at the Clown and Anchor, on
Wedne4ty week, one of the speakers operTtd his address with
ihe following sage remark .—" I am extremely doubtful-whether.
Adam, when in the garden of Eden, was surrounded by each
an array of intellect as 1 see assembled at this moment."
The Moriarty Herald sits, that "the fashionable patent safety-
waitdi vice 4. satisfaction" without damauine the ner-

c