The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1849-09-18 00:00:00

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An anonymous donor has presented £lOOO to St.
Mark's Training College, Chelsea, to be applied to the
extension of the College.
Dr. Sutherland arrived at Hull on Wednesdoy after-
noon, having been sent down expressly by the General
Board of Health, to make inquiry as to the causes of the

present fearful amount of mortality and sickness.
On Saturday. at Tipton, Worcestershire, two boys were
suffocated by foul air in a pit, and two men who went
down to their assistance lost their lives through the same
means.

An explosion of fireworks took place in High-street,
Kensington, on Monday evening, on the premises of a Mr.
Jones. That house was blown down, the furniture de-
stroyed, and Mrs. Jones killed.
The whole coast of Scotland is alive with shoals of her-
ring and mackerel. One boat entered the harbour of
Dundee, last week, realising £45 for their night's work.
One penny per dozen is the common price for herrings.
The committee of the common council of the city of
London have fairly abandoned the colonisation of Con-
naught, for the simple reason that the corporation has not
got funds to apply to the purpose. If done, it must be
done by private speculation.
John Tollemache, Esq., of Peckforton Castle, M.P. for
South Cheshire, has sailed with his son on a tour to the
corn and cheese growing districts of the United States.
His sojourn in the Western World will be of about two
or three months' duration.
On Tuesday a commercial traveller at Hull got intoxi-
cated. accompanied a female to a house of ill-fame, was
seized with the cholera, and died ; as did also three fe-
males in the house. The four corpses lay in the house at
one time.

The man and woman implicated in the late case of
attempted extortion on the Messrs. Herries, the bankers,
have been committed for trial. The female is not the
man's daughter, but a woman of loose character with
whom he was living.

The Carlisle Patriot, describing a fete at Brougham-
hall, in celebration of the birth-day of L4,l_ Brougham's
nephew, says—" No one more enjoyed the dance, or was
more attentive to the country lasses, than Lord Brougham
himself."

On Tuesday the body of a child was found buried in a
garden at the village of Donnington, near York. A ver-
dict of wilful murder has been returned against the sup-
posed mother, who had previously borne three illegitimate
children.

Among the visitors to the new Birmingham Gaol, which
was opened for public inspection last week, were several
thieves, who contrived to pick the pockets of three or
four other persons, whose curiosity had led them to the
prison.
Several tradesmen and billstickers of Nottingham are
about to petition the town council to make a bye-law,
checking the practice of stripping posting bills from
walls, in order to sell them as waste paper, a practice
which has lately become very common in Nottingham.
A correspondent of the Times. by way of aiding the
movement against intra-mural interments, proposes that
all burial grounds shall be upon the route of lines of
railway, and suggests that on certain days " funeral
trains" might run with advantage to the companies.
The Rev. P. Hall, a visitor at Nialvern for the last few
months, has committed suicide by cutting his throat in
the presence of his lady, who, in endeavouring to prevent
him had her hands cut. He had been under medical
treatment for some time.

The number of houses erected in London since January
Ist, 1839, amounts. to 64,058 ; and the number of new
streets formed to 1,652, two hundred miles in length.
The increase of population, from 1839 to 1849, is esti-
mated at 325,904; the total population of the metropo-
litan district being now about 2,336,960.
In confirmation of a statement that shoemakers were
entirely exempt from the great plague of 1666, it is a
remarkable fact there was not a single death from cholera
among the members of the London Shoemakers' Trade
Union when that disease visited this country in 1832.

A man named Thomas, a trombone-player at the
theatre at Reading, met his death by his instrument,
which had become partially covered with that green in-
crustation frequently to be seen on brass, corning in con-
tact with a slight razor-cut on his lip, thereby causing
mortification.

Dugald Madeay, forester to the late Mr. Hay Macken-
zie, of Cromartie, has accidentally killed himself, in the
forest of Rhidorach. He had brought down an eagle with
one barrel of his gun, and it is supposed he was despatch-
ing the bird with the butt end, when the other barrel
exploded, lodging the charge in his body.
EXTRAORDINARY ROBBERY.-011 Monday night a
field of wheat, of the quantity of about half an acre, the
property of Mr. Lawrence, surgeon, at Cheddar, Somer-
set, which was cut and ready for carrying, was actually
stolen and carried off the ground; and as yet the thieves
have not been detected.

TAKING THE VEIL.—On Saturday two young ladies
went through the ceremony of what is termed "taking
the veil," or entering upon their novitiate. previously to
being admitted as nuns. at the new convent of the Good
Shepherd, the second Catholic institution of the kind in
Hammersmith.

A singular accident occurred at Worcester last week.
A Mr. Thomas Brookes had placed a pair of kid gloves
on his hands for the purpose of cleaning them, and was
washing them with turpentine : whilst doing so, he went
incautiously to the fire to light paper, the turpentine ig-
nited, and his hands were dreadfully burned.
A few days since, a valuable mare, the property of a
clergyman, near Tavistock, fell down an old mine shaft,
seventy-two feet deep. A man was soon after lowered,
and having fastened a rope round the fore legs of the
animal, she was pulled up by about fifty men who had as-
sembled there; and, what is very extraordinary, she was
not in the slightest degree injured.
MR. MUSTERS.—This gentleman expired on Saturday

last, at one of his country residences, Annesley
aged 72. He was the fortunate rival of Lord Byron, and
was married to Miss Chaworth, the noble poet's " Mary,"

in 1806, when his lordship was but a minor. He is suc-
ceeded in his immense possessions by his grandson John,
a boy thirteen years of age.
LIFE ASSURANCE AND CHOLERA.—The fear of death

from this fell malady has had a material effect upon the
business of the best assurance offices, as, to use a common
expression, there has been quite a " run upon them"
during the last two months. It is satisfactory, however,
to state that the claims upon these companies on account
of cholera, and, indeed, on account of deaths from all
causes, have not exceeded the estimated mortality of this
season of the year.

DREADFUL bEATH.—On Thursday a pauper idiot was
scalded to death at the Stroud Union Workhouse. The
surgeon had ordered hire to be placed in a warm bath,
and he was immediately conducted to one which had just
before been used by a temale pauper. In it he was placed,
without tha slightest precaution to ascertain the tempera-
ture of the water, and his attendants appear to have
totally disreprded his piercing shrieks. The miserable
creature was at last found in the bath scalded to death.

It is not generally known that Isabel Kelly, a cele-
brated novelist in her day (50 years ago) is alive at ninety
years of age, residing at Brompton, and retains her facul-
ties and reads the smallest print without spectacles.
Connected with the highest families in Scotland, she
boasts she was born in a castle, (that of Caernbro',) nursed
in a cottage, (by one of the family cottars,) and bred at
court. Her father, Captain Fordyce, was the last carver
and cup-bearer to George 111. Sir Fitzroy Kelly is her
only son.
DESPERATE ASSAULT BY A PRISONER.—One day last
week a burglar named Morris, confined in the Hereford
gaol, attacked the governor with a large iron bar, but in
consequence of the smallness of his cell his fatal inten-
tions were not accomplished, it being impossible to wield
the deadly weapon with effect. The villain vowed the
most dreadful revenge against a gaoler, and professed his
readiness to expiate his acts by death provided he could
only sate his brutal desire for the blood of an unoffending
man, Fifty lashes were administered to him as a cor-
rection.

--- -----
HEREFORD MUSICAL FESTIVAL.—The one hundred
and twenty-sixth meeting of the three choirs of Worcester,
Hereford, and Gloucester, has taken place this week at
Hereford. The festival has been well attended. The
list of the principal vocal performers includes the names
of Madame Castellan, the Misses Williams, Miss Poole,
and Messrs. Sims Reeves, Hobbs, Lockey, H. Phillips,
and Machin, and a small but complete band, under the
leadership of Messrs. Blagrove and Willy, Messrs. Amott
(Gloucester), and Done presiding respectively, at the
organ and pino-forte.
HORRIBLE DEATH.—Mr. George Tyther, author of
the " Pictorial Spelling Book," died last week, in West-
minster, aged sixty. He had for some time been very
eccentric, not allowing any one to enter his lodgings.
When they were broken into the stench was so horrible
that the landlord and those with him had to retreat three
times before they could enter the room. When they did
so they found the deceased in the last stage of putrefac.
tion, and around him vessels of the most offensive matter
scattered in all directions, together with heaps of other
filth, including crab-shells, rags, &c,
A voter in the interest of Mr. Best, the Conservative,
M.P. for Kidderminster, was drugged, kidnapped, and
spirited away to Shrewsbury, where he was placed in the
lockup, and his captors retired to enjoy themselves, ima-
gining that their victim was safe. The fact, however,
came to the ears of the Conservative agent at the latter
town, who got the man liberated, and conveyed him back
to Kidderminster to vote a few minutes before the poll
closed. His abductors during the whole of this time
fancied their prey was secure, and they left ten shillings to
be given to the man when he came to himself.
CHOLERA PRECAUTIONS.—The remedy proposed in this
town by Dr. Sutherland is comprehensive to an extent
which will astonish some of the pennywise, pound-foolish
members of the Hull Board of Guardians. We are now
to have three additional medical officers for night service,
six medical officers for house-to-house visitation, a house
of refuge with sixty beds, an additional cholera hospital,
two dispensaries for South Myton, a dispensary for the
town within the docks, twelve labourers to cleanse and
lime-wash houses in which deaths from cholera shall
occur, and a proper inspector of nuisances, who is to di-
rect the operations of the lime-washers.—Hull Adver-
tiser.
GALVANISM.—The following is extracted from the
Court Journal, of Jan. 29 :—" It is now about four years
since that we informed our readers it was to be regretted
galvanism was not more extensively used as a remedial
agent. We have every reason to believe that our advice
was attended to ; for, in a comparatively short time, Mr.
Halse's residence was crowded with the elite of fashion,
and their less fortunate fellow-sufferers ; and we feel con-
fident, judging from the astonishing remedial effects it has
produced upon ourselves after all kinds of medicines and
hydropathy had failed to impart any benefit, that the
public will thank es for our recommendation. We were
delighted to notice a short time since, that Mr. Halse was
patronised by the Lord Bishop of London, and Sir Charles
Clark, his Lordship's physician. Mr. Halse's great reform
in the galvanic apparatus, and his improved methods of
application, justly entitle him to rank at the head of his
profession. We again, recommend our readers to give
galvanism a fair trial."'

The Times of Saturday contained a list of subscriptions
to the column proposed to be erected " as a sea-mark for
the navigation of an intricate and dangegous part of the
navigation of Morecambe Bay, in the neighbourhood of
his birthplace, Ulverstone, Lancashire," in honour of Sir
John Barrow, forty years Secretary to the Admiralty,
whose whole life wasipassed in usefully serving his country,
who accompanied Lord Macartney's embassy to China,
explored far into Africa, &c. The amount already sub-
scribed is 500 guineas.
BOARD OF HEALTH PROSECUTIONS.—Friday's Gazelle
contains instructions from Lord Ashley slid Mr. E. Chad-
wick, as representatives of the Board of Health, author-
ising Mr. Austin, the secretary of the said board, to
prosecute the guardians of the poor of the City of London
Union, the guardians of the Greenwich Union, the
churchwardens of St. Margaret's, Westminster, the
churchwardens of St. Saviour's, Southwark, and the
managers of the burial ground of Tottenham-court
Chapel, Middlesex, for wilful violation and neglect of
orders issued by the Board of Health for the prevention
of diseases and nuisances.

LOLA MONTES.—This lady fled again to the Continent
on Monday night. On Wednesday the recognizances were
estreated, the counsel for Mr. Heald's aunt, declaring
that that lady's object was to rescue the son of a deceased
and beloved brother from a marriage equally illegal and
disgraceful, and that she would enforce that object here-
after, when further information should be received from
India of the continued existence of Mr. James. The ef-
fect of the decision is that Lola Montes forfeits £lOOO,
and her two sureties forfeit £5OO each, and that she does
not then debar herself from being criminally proceeded
against.

-IMMENSE ARRIVALS OF FOREIGN CORN.—For some
months back there have not been such arrivals of foreign
corn into the port of Cork as have taken place during the
past few days. The harbour of Queenstown may now be
said to be glutted with foreign breadstuffs. On Monday
no fewer than eleven vessels arrived with maize; Tuesday
six vessels with maize and one with wheat; Wednesday
the unusual number of twenty-seven vessels with maize,
two with barley, and one with wheat; and on Thursday
four vessels with maize, making a total for four days of 48
vessels laden with maize, two with wheat, and two with
barley. These importations must have a disastrous effect
on the Irish agricultural interest—the only interest at pre-
sent existing in the country.

NEW ROTARY ENGlNE.—Captain Fitzmaurice (late
second Life Guards) has invented a rotary engine, merely
consisting of two pieces so mathematically arranged that
the interior part works in the outer with the greatest ease,
being free from dead points and without the slightest
vibration, however great the velocity. It has no springs
or packing, and the parts meet each other so harmoni-
ously as only to give a humming noise like a spinning top,
and is not in the least liable to get out of order, the wear
being perfectly uniform throughout. The entire motion
being a rolling instead of a cutting one, the engine will
last long without repair, as the surfaces become case
hardened in a very short space of time. The engine
weighs considerably less than one cwt. to each horse-
power, and requires much less fuel than the ordinary
engines, and is so easily set in motion, graduated to any
velocity, or stopped that a boy of twelve years of age
might mannage it with one hand. An engine of 100-horse
power on Captain Fitzmaurice's construction would only
occupy a space of four feet by two feet.
DESTRUCTIVE FIRE AT CAMBRIDGE.—About twelve
o'clock on Saturday night a fire, wh'ch proved a very de-
structive one, broke out on the premises of Mr. Ledge,
who has lately opened a ready-made clothes shop in the
Market-place of this town. The owner of the shop had
set off to London but an hour or two previous to the fire
being discovered, leaving no inmate in the house. The
fire having soon demolished these premises, spread on
either side, burning down the shops and premises of Kent,
hatter, and Peerless, draper, on the Town-hall side; and
those of Orridge, chymist (the corner house of the Mar-
ket place), then taking its course towards Warwick-
street, burning every house on its way, including those of
Milligan, draper, Morden, oil merchant, Wanfor, confec-
tioner, and an uninhabited house next to Wanfor's, facing
Warwick-street. The houses of Wilson, optician, in the
Market-place, and Andrews, bootmaker, in Warwick-
street, were also much damaged by fire and water. The
origin of the fire is not yet known. There was a plentiful
supply of water. The fire was not thoroughly got under
till nearly seven o'clock next morning. A large amount
of property was saved, though it is supposed that even
now £lO,OOO or £12,000 worth has been destroyed.

THE CONTRACT PACKET SERVICE.—On Friday ap-
peared a blue-book containing the report of a select com-
mittee of the House of Commons, appointed (last April)
to inquire into the contract packet service. The commit-
tee report-1. That so far as the committee are able to
judge from the evidence taken, it appears that the mails
are conveyed at a less cost by hired packets than by her
Majesty's vessels. 2. That some of the existing contracts
have been put up to public tender, and some arranged by
private negotiat;on, and that a %ery large sum beyond
what is received from postage is paid on some of the
lines ; but considering that at the time these contracts
were arranged, the success of those large undertakings
was uncertain. the committee see no reason to believe
that better terms could have been obtained for the public.
3. The committee recommend great caution either in
renewing the existing or in forming new arrangements.
They suggest that if it be decided to renew the existing
contracts, the most strict and searching inquiry should be
instituted, by some responsible department of the Go-
vernment, into the cost of the execution, into the manner
in which the service has been performed, and into the
profits resulting from the several transactions to the com-
panies by which they have been carried on ; and if it
should be decided to put up the several contracts to public
tender, ample notice and full particulars of the terms and
conditions of the service required should be given to the
public, as being most likely to secure a real competition
by responsible parties.
SUFFERING FROM HYDROPHOBIA.—The Leeds papers
contain accounts of a very lamentable case of this kind.
The fear of liquids manifested itself in the patient in a
dreadful manner. When attempting to get his breakfast
of coffee he was dreadfully convulsed, and could not
touch the cup it was in. He wished, during the day, to
be washed, and desired his mother to do it for him. His
mother's description of his agonies as he manfully strug-
gled against the horrid fear that was convulsing him was
most heart-rending. She had to desist and run with the
bowl of water out of the house. His appearance when
under a paroxyism was most fearful. Mr. Statter, the
town's surgeon, saw him in the evening. He was quite
collected and sensible, and described his sensations. Mr.
Statter asked him to drink a little milk from a cup. He,
with an effort, turned and stretched his hand out to take
it, but before he could do so his arm was drawn with great
force back to his body, and the muscles of the chest, neck
and face, were fearfully convulsed. Mr. Statter was now
satisfied that unless a powerful remedy was speedily ap-
plied, he must die within 24 hours. On Wednesday night
the paroxysms increased in frequency and violence, and
deceased died raving, and requiring five or six men to hold
him down. His sufferings were dreadful to behold. What
perhaps added to the grief of surrounding friends was,
the fact that at intervals he was perfectly rational in his
conversation, and in one of these lucid intervals be said
to his mother, " Mother, I am dying—come and kiss
me" ; and then added, suddenly, "No, no, don't, I may
bite you." He requested that if in his ravings he should
bite his mother, they would knock his head off the next
moment. For some time before his death he barked and
gnashed his teeth just like a dog.
ELOPEMENT EXTRAORDINARY.---Th inhabitants of
Nottingham, especially those moving in the middle and
higher spheres of life, have during the last few days been
greatly astounded, in consequence of the sudden disap-
pearance from amongst them, under very extraordinary
circumstances, of one of their most highly-respected fel-
low-townsmen, Mr. Robert Parker, cotton agent. It
seems that about a fortnight sincc Mr. parker wept with
his wife to Cleethorees, where he left her, promising to
fetch her home within a brief specified time; but not
keeping his engagement, inquiries were made for him by
his friends, who, to their great consternation, found that
he had not only left the town, but that he had actually
embarked per steamer for the United States, taking with
him property in merchandise, a large amount of cash,
and a girl in her teens. Mr. Parker is 62 years of age,
and has been married upwards of 40 years. The girl with
whom he has eloped was recently his kitchenmaid, and is
by no means either ladylike or good-looking. It would
appear that he has been fascinated with this girl's charms
for some time previous, for about twelve months ago he
placed her with Mrs. Farmer, on the Longrow, to learn
the millinery business, and was often seen escorting her
to her lodgings. Owing to the large amount of cash taken
away, it is to be feared that Mr. Parker's creditors, espe-
cially his bankers, and Mr. Kirk, his partner, will suffer
very seriously by his absence. The only sum left behind
that might have been readily carried off was a check for
£3OO, enclosed in an envelope directed to Mrs. Parker, and
which was found within the leaves of the family Bible.
The defaulter had no children, but he and his wife had
brought up and educated several orphans. By Mr. Par-
ker's absence from Nottingham, it is feared that the liti-
gated bankruptcy case of Wakefield and Co., which in-
volves great liabilities, and in which he was one of the
trade assignees, will be greatly impeded.
Tim ROYAL ETCHINGS.—Mr. Judge, of Windsor, who
was condemned in costs for violating the copyright in the
royal etchings, has addressed a letter to the papers, endea-
vouring to show that he has been treated harshly by the
Queen and Prince Albert, who abandoned proceedings
against Mr. Strange immediately on his submission. Had
Mr. Judge pursued the same course he would have been
treated as leniently; instead of which he persisted in his
opposition, and now complains of having to pay the
penalty. It appears Airs. Judge addressed a petition to
the Queen, which has received the following dignified
and merciful answer, dated Balmoral, September, 8
,am commanded to acknowledge the receipt of
your pet4tioktao the Clirwn for intercession 441 behalf of your
hushand,"Vq..7l.llge; an to 'ef:A , that, having been iirected
make ii.tinu tea into the allegations brought forward by you, it
appears that they are wholly unfounded. Neither have Mr.
Strange's costs been added to Mr. Judge's, nor is Mr. Judge's
debt owing to his Royal Highness Prince Albert.
" Air. .budge was from the beginnin,. liable for the whole
cost : the suit against Mr. Strange was dropped from his hav-
ing made his submission; your husband, on the contrary,
obliged it to proceed against him by following the opposite
course, and the heaviness of the costs are entirely the conse-
quence of his pertinacity, and the costs are due to the solicitors
employed in the cause. Any payment of costs, therefore, on
the part of her Majesty and the Prince would be a gratuitous
donation to your husband.
" From your knowledge of his unremitting. efforts for many
years to inflict every possible injury on her Majesty, the Prince,
their family, and the Court, by a system of espionage into,
misrepresentation and vilifying of, all the acts of their private
life, you will be the best judge whether he deserves such a
boon at their hands. Nevertheless, it is repugnant to the feel-
ings of her Majesty and his Royal Highness that innocent per-
sons like yourself and children should suffer in a cause with
which their names are in any way connected, and I am com-
manded to forward to you a check for £lBO, with which you
may pay your husband's costs,
.and extricate him from prison ;
and may be in future support hok family by a more honourable
industry.
" Requesting you will acknowledge the receipt of this money,
I am, madam, your obedientaervant, G. E. ANSON.
" Mrs. Judge."

COURAGEOUS ACT.—A balloon ascent was made at
Hull, on Thursday, by Lieutenant Gale, the wind blowing
at the time a fresh breeze. The =cline rose beautifully,
and when at a considerable distance Lieut. Gale was seen
to descend, by means of a rope ladder, from the car at-
tached to the balloon to another pendant some distance
below, whence he discharged a number of fireworks ; and
then rejoined his companions aloft, ascending in the same
fearless and intrepid style up the connecting ladder.
THE CUTLERS' FEAST.—The annual grand banquet of
the Cutlers' Company of Sheffield, took place on Thurs-
day, at the Cutlers'-hall, on the usual scale of magnifi-
cence. The number of the company exceeded 300. The
Master Cutler, Mr. H. Atkin, presided, and near him
were observed his Grace the Duke of Newcastle, Earl
Fitzwilliarn, the Earl of Arundel and Surrey, Lord C.
ord W. P. Clinton, Mr. J. Parker, M.P., Mr.
J. A. Clinton,ioebuck, M.P., the Mayors of Sheffield and Don-
caster, Sir A. J. Knight. and many other influential gen-
tlemen connected with the district.

SINGULAR EXTRACTION OF A NEEDLE.—A woman
in North Shields, while engaged fifteen years ago in wash-
ing the yard attached to her house, felt the prick of a
needle in one of her fingers. On examining the place she
found that it had actually gone in and disappeared. She
applied many things, and among others a magnet, to ex-
tract it, but all to no effect. At length nothing more was
thought of the needle. A few days ago the same woman
became seriously ill with an acute pain near the shoulder.
She sent for the doctor; he examined the painful part,
and, singular to say, extracted the needle which, fifteen
years before, had entered at the point of her finger.
EXTRAORDINARY STORY.—A month ago a bull two
years old, the property of a farmer named Barker, at Lar-
ling, near Thetford, which had been apparently unwell
for some time, became so ill that the veterinary surgeon
was sent for. lie administered a strong purgative medi-
cine, not long after which the bull was relieved of five
snakes, two of which are each about 6 feet 3 inches long,
and the other three are about three feet long each. The
medicine had filled them before they came away. Their
heads seem to have been destroyed ; but they were un-
doubtedly snakes. They are now shrivPlled and unnatural
looking, but they are as thick as one's finger. The sur-
geon says that he never met with anything like them in
his practice, nor heard of such a thing. His conjecture is,
that they were swallowed by the bull in the egg.
DANGER OF DELAY.—One of the registrars of Lam-
beth, says :—" At least half the cases of cholera I have
registered were allowed to proceed unchecked until the
most alarming and dangerous symptoms had manifested
themselves; but lately more circumspection seems to
have been used. Nevertheless, the cases are still nume-
rous in which persons seem (from the painless nature of
the attack) to be unconscious how highly necessary it is
that immediate attention should be paid to it." People
are so much accustomed to associate danger exclusively
with pain, that the most fatal symptom unaccompanied
by pain is neglected. They must, however, be taught to
look upon painless diarrhoea with the anxiety that people
in the plague looked upon the swellings, called tokens—
which were also painless—but with less fear.
ORANGEISM AND EDUCATION.—On Sunday week at
the request of the Orangemen of the Wibsey (Bradford)
district, the Rev. J. Fawcett, M.A., Incumbent of Low
Moor, preached a sermon in Low Moor Church to their
body, and a liberal collection was made in aid of the funds
of the Hill Top Sunday and day schools in that village.
The brethren formed in procession at Wibsey, to the
number of upwards of 500, and walked to the church.
The rev. gentleman took for his text the 10th chap. of
Nehemiah, and the latter clause of the last verse—" And
we will not forsake the house of our God,"—from which
he preached an excellent sermon, at the latter part of
which he read the qualifications of an Orangeman, and
spoke in high terms of their principles. After the sermon
the brethren again formed in procession, and returned to
their lodge-room at Wibsey, and then quietly separated
to their own homes.

PUNISHMENT IN THE NAVY.—During the recent
examination in the case of Commander Pitman, by a
court martial. Mr. Stephen Fisher, late paymaster and
purser of the Childers, deposed that the sort and degree
of the punishments was such as he had never seen in
sixteen years' previous service. The boy Hayter was
repeatedly punished with a cane over his hands and shoul-
ders ; at different periods was on bread and water, also
carrying his hammock. He used to wear a collar made
of heavy wood, which was locked around his neck. The
collar was about two feet in length, and some fourteen or
fifteen inches in depth. It opened in the centre
. with a
large iron hinge to admit the neck, and an orifice was cut
in the centre, and was then locked up. It was upwards
of two inches thick. A piece of f. arnought was nailed
inside as a lining to protect the neck. The collar was
put on in the morning, and taken off when the hammocks
were piped down. Hayter's head was also shaved on one
side, as a punishment; and on his half-shaved head a
great wooden funnel was tied for a cap. Mr. Elliot, mas-
ter of the Childers, whose trial and punishment were last
week reported, gave detailed evidence as to the falseness
of the entries in the log-book. He proved that Com-
mander Pitman got the Childers on Patras shoal, when he
supposed he was ninety miles off; and that the log-book
was subsequently altered in respect to bearings, track,
rate of wind, and loss of sailing gear. The court has
decided that the charge against Commander Pitman is
partly proved, and ordered that he be dismissed the ser-
vice.

HUMILIATION.—The Bishop of Salisbury has already
had a special day of fasting and prayer throughout his
diocese. The Bishop of Exeter has taken steps for the
same. The Bishop of London, we regret to see, merely
recommends particular parishes " where cholera prevails,"
to agree on some one Sunday, and to convert that Sun-
day into a partial fast day. The Bishop of Hereford has
recommended his clergy to appoint a day for the same
purpose; and the Bishop of Ripon, in reply to a letter
from the Mayor of Leeds, has written to his rural deans
stating his opinion that it would " be well that the clergy
of each church should invite such among their respective
congregations as are religiously and devoutly disposed, to
assemble in public worship on Wednesday the 19th inst.,
and to humble themselves under the Mighty Hand of
God ; beseeching Him of His great mercy to stay the pes-
tilence which is abroad, and to make this His righteous
judgment a means of quickening the godly to increased
devotion, while it awakens careless sinners to the peril of
their souls, and leads them to the Cross of Christ as their
only refuge. I will thank you, as rural dean, to commu-
nicate these my sentiments to your brethren of the clergy
in the parish of Leeds : and praying Gad that He will
strengthen all your hands for the unusual labours which
press upon you; that He will protect you from all dan-
gers, and comfort you again after the time that be has af,
flitted you." In many, very many of the towns in tl:e
kingdom, a day has been set apart for the purpose, but a
contemporary observes rightly, that such partial and iso-
lated observances are almost nugatory—must be so, unless
the State cooperates to relieve all its subjects so disposed,
from the clashing obligations of their secular avocations.
Such awful exigencies, such admitted " Visitations from
God," demand nothing less than a general day of national
humiliation—according to all the instincts of natural, and
all the dictates of revealed religion.

PROGRESS OF THE CHOLERA.—Notwithstanding the
evidences of a definite law of diffusion in cholera, the
progress of this mysterious malady has been marked by
anomalies, irreducible to any law of propagation hitherto
ascertained, and even baffling theoretical interpretation.
Of its rate we have already noted the extraordinary vari-
ations: having seen it span, within a year, the base of
the Indian peninsula, yet take six years to travel from
London to Rome. We have seen it sometimes radiating
in all directiOn9-4e On it; `nisi outburst at Jessore;
sometimes travelling in a definite stream, as along the
Ganges, the Tigris, and the Danube. The limits of the
cholera streams are sometimes astonishingly well marked.
The poison often ravaged one bank only of the Ganges;
and Colonel Rowles mentions a case in which it swept
one side of a ship, lying in the Madras Roads, killing
many of the sailors, while their comrades on the other
side of the vessel remained untouched. We have seen
the infection pursuing a course alternately regular and
erratic, creeping and saltatory. This is as true of its
progress from street to street of a single town, as of its
spread from town to town, or from country to country
across the globe. Thus, it leaped at once from Sunder-
land to London,• the intervening towns remaining unin-
fected. At the same time it also spread step by step
from Sunderland to Houghton-le-Spring, Tynemouth,
Newcastle, &c. So, in London, the other day, it ap-
peared one week in Fetter-lane, the next in Chancery-
lan; the next in Shire-lane,---creeping westward from
street to street; yet, at the same time, it was heard of
breaking out simultaneously in remote parishes, as if
from separate centres of infection. On its first outbreak
in Bengal in 1817, during its progress along the Ganges
to the British camp, it overleaped Banda, Allahabad,
Benares, and several other cities lying in its track ; but
attacked them, as if by a receding wave, in the following
year. Moorshedabad, one of the filthiest delta-towns of
Bengal, lying in the very heart of the conflagration, is
said to have entirely escaped. In its passage through
Europe the epidemic left whole countries almost entirely
untouched. Hanover, for example, with the single excep-
tion of Lunenburg, escaped ; as also did Carinthia and
the Tyrol, though surrounded by infected districts.
Leipsic, Dresden, and the principal towns of Saxony were
equally fortunate, though their exemption cannot be
ascribed to any special superiority in point of drainage,
ventilation, or general well-being. A low level, heat,
and humidity, usually promote the spread of cholera; yet
to these rules we find many unaccountable exceptions.
Generated in Bengal during the heats of a tropical sum-
mer, the poison yet ravaged Moscow and Archangel in
the depths of a Russian winter, with the snow lying thick
on the ground and the thermometer 35 eegre s below
Zero. It was as virulent at Delhi and Meerut during the
rainy season as in Bundelcund during the dry hot months.
And though it spared many hill forts and isolated moun-
tains, as Rhotass, Adjeghur, and Killengur, while the
plains around their feet were decimated, yet, strange to
say, it clinched to the medical det,Ot at Landour, 8,000
feet above the level of the sea. At Gibraltar, too the
epidemic proved as fatal to the men encamped on Wind-
mill-hill, and on an elevated part of the rock called
Buena Vista, as to those quartered in the very centre of
the town. Even the neutral ground, though always a
safe refuge from the terrible black-vomit which infests
the West Indies and Spain, afforded no immunity to
those who fled thither from the cholera in 1834. We
have seen the pestilential influence ascending the Ganges
against the periodical monsoon, and travelling, thus op-
posed, as rapidly as in other districts during a windless
season. It is equally inconstant in its relation to other
meteorological changes, though much stress has been laid
upon its supposed dependence on the electrical condition
of the air. It has sometimes, as at Petersburgh, been
ushered in by thunderstorms; but thunderstorms have
often, also, as at Paris last year, appeared to cliii*Exa_'
progress. At Madras it was heralded by earthq r
Chittagong and Dacca it prevailed during juin ohs 54- Z
at Nagpore and Saugor it raged with the .• • .soltißd's _ 4/4
sweeping violently through all the streets • Itt ipa ,51
*e,
town or other, as well of Europe as of In
vailed during each month of the year, fr 14uviry -14.„
•
December.
4 -1-wzi
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