The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-11-30 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR

WINDSOR, SUNDA y.—This morning, her Majesty, accom-
paned by her august mother, attended Divine service at St.
George's Chapel ; the whole of the royal suite were also pre-
sent. The service was Boyce in A, the Sanctus and responses
(Mrs, Musgrave), and the anthem Luther's Hymn, which
was sung by Mr. Turner. The Rev. R. Musgrave officiated
at the altar, and preached au eloquent sermon from second
chapter of St. Paul's Epistle to Titus, 11th, 12th, 13th, and
14th verses. Mr. Elvey, Mus. Bac., presided at the trgan.
After ihe service the Queen %%alked on the terrace.
Yesterday the Marquis Conyugham left the castle.
Barham and Viscount Melbourne arrrived.

WIN mon, ItloNDAY.—This afternoon ber Majesty, attended
by the royal suite, walked on the terrace.
The Marquis of Conyne.ham and Lord Ilchester wi;l arrive
at the castle this evening, to join the royal dinner patty.
Viscount Melbourne took his departure.

WINDSOR, NOVEMBEZI 27.—The Duchess of Kent went
to Kew this morning. The Earl of Fingal!, Lord and. Lady Barham, and the William Cowper, jell this
morning.
The Marchioness of Tavistock, Viscount Torrington, Sir
Frederick Stovin, and Mr. Brand, are expected to arrive at
the Castle to-day on a visit to the Quoezt.

Flee MAJESTY.—The Queen and court are expocted to
leave Windsor Castle on Thursday neat, for the Pavilion
at Brighton. Orders were conveyed to the Pavi:ion yester-
day week to have everything in readiness fur her Majesty's
reception by 'Thursday next. Her Majehty will stay at
Brighton until the latter cud of January, when the court will
remove to town.
Tuesday was the birthday of the Princess Mary of Cam-
bridge. The Duchess of Gloucester went front town to visit
the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge at their wsideoee
at
Kew. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge had a dinner
party in the evening.

A Cabinet Council was held at three o'clock on Tuesday
afternoon at the Foreign Office. It was attended by Vi count
Melbourne, the Lord Chancellor, the Marquis or Eziusd.mne,
Viscount Duncannon, Viscount Palmerston, Lord Genelg,
the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Earl of Mint°, Sir J.
Hobhouse, and Viscount Howick. The Council sat two
hours and a half.
CABINET CouNctr..—Another Cabinet Council was held at
the Foreign Office on Wednesday at three o'clock.
Her Majesty will come to town to-morrow, and hold a Privy
Council at Buckingham Palace. The suino‘ouses for hold-
ing the council at two o'clock to-morrow were issued this
morning. At the council a proclamation (it is expected)
will be agreed upon appointing a day for the wet,/ ing ut par-
liament, for the dispatch of business,—Slandarci Wednesday

In consequence of the late sudden transition in the weather
.tlltnonary and rheumatic complaints are prevalent, but no-
hing of an epidemical character is reported by the medical
)ractitioners.

Within these last few days a fine new vessel called the
Grace Horsley Darling, in honour of the heroine of the fernlslands, sailed from Newcastle for London.---Pweshead Ob-
servcr.

A board of field officers has been-sitting in Dublin earrison
fur some dills, in order to suggest to the commander cif the
forces the necessity of economising the expenses of regi_
mental mess establishments. —.

Last Wednesday, while Captain Arthur Williams, of the
Lancers, was hunting with the hounds of the Marquis of
Hastings, in leaping a brook, he uas thrown from his horse
and unfortunately broke one of his legs,
A letter from Vienna of the 14th inst. states that !lie police
have detected there a gang of Jews, who have been engaged
in circulating forged bills of exchange, purporting to be
drawn at Brody upon houses at Breslaw, Prague, Vienna,
Fran.fort, and other towns.

LAW AND PHYSIC.—One doctor and two lawyers were
picked up by the police on Tuesday night, and consigned to
the care of the Bridewell-keeper. *ln the morning they paid
their fines and were discharged— mber. The trio, of course,
were Radicals.---Cork paper.

WHITEHALL, Not•. 20.—The Queen has been pleased to
direct letters patent to be passed under thr Great Seal of the
United Kingdom, granting the office of Advocate General or
Judge Martial of her Majesty's forces to William St. J ulien
Arabin, Serjeant-at-law, in the room of 1110 Right Hon.
Robert Cutlar Ferguson, deceased.

PA kis, Nov. 26.—The weather has become suddenly cold,
We had last night a very severe frost, and it has stm wed fi oui
10 o'clock this-morning throughout the entire day. It has
been remarked today, that precisely at the same h.-..ur on the
same day (Nov. 26) in the year 1829, commenced the dread-
ful series of frosts that continued during full four months.

The Dorset County Chronicle states that " it 13 currently
reported that at a meeting of the board of guardians of the
South Alolton union, of which Lord Ebrington is chairman,
when the subject of a chaplain came under discussion his
lordship proposed that the person to till that responsible situ-
ation need not necessarily be a clergyman of the church of
Hngland, but a minister of any dissenting congregation, to
which the majority of paupers in the work house ina. be at-
tached:' t f this be title, may we not with propriety ask—
" What. next ?"

CONSERVATISM AT NEIVARK.=It is rumoured in West-
minster Hall, that Mr. Baron Bolland will shortly retire
from the bench. The vacant judgeship is to he given to
,_the Solicitor-General, whose successor in office is to be
-Mr. Sergeant Wilde. lie must make u his miud to the loss of his parliamentary seat, as memberp for Newark.
He will most certainly not he re-elected. That we ale jus-
tified in hazarding so bold a declaration, it may be found in
the circumstance that Mr. Dobbs, gentleman of Whig
principles, who, at the first municipal election under the
corporation act, was triumphantly chosen "Councillor for two
wards, was, ou Saturday last, as signally defeated, in a
single contest, by a young conservative, Mr. Godfrey Tal-
leuts. Mr. Sergeant Wilde may rest assured, that the
moment he assumes the Solicitor-General's gown, the elec-
tors will gladly avail themselves of that opportunity to send
to the House of Commons a fitting colleague, to en-operate
in all questions of state policy, with that highly-gifted and
excellent representative, Mr. W. E. Gladstone.—el fie,
Flanney and Dietrielisen's Alinanack, Astronomical
Ephemeris, and Book of General Information fur .ft-479. —We
A
are positively at a loss for words to express our astonishment
at the unparelleled comprehensiveness of the lruanack just
published by Messrs. Hannay and Dietrichscif,, for the ensu-
ing year. There is scarcely a subject in 114,-usual tontine of
events to which we do not find reference in this book of 100
pages, at the insignificant cost of Gcl..; a sun tr Wcii positively
can little more than cover the pria of the p:titer. The bio-
graphical and chronological tabiei are exceedingly interest-
ing, particularly those for the present Year. - 'rt., tides,
eclipses, &c. are duly noticed, and the progre.ss of Enoke's
comet during the remainder of the present year, anti Gam-
bart's in 1839, are traced by diagrams of the Ilea Vt• t:S. We
have the list of the royal households; the House of Lords,
giving the titles of the Peers, the family name, the motto of
the Peers, and date of creation ; the House Commons is
liven twice, first alphabetically, secondly arranged lir the
places the members represent; the wholc., of the army list,
giving the officers' names aphabetically arranged, (it desidera-
tum long wanted) with the dates of commission, and the ap-
pointment theofficer holds; the nary list is given in like man-
ner; the hankers, the provincial and metropolitan ; the cor-
poration dignities; ambassadors. anti consuls; universities;
the list of fairs throughout the kingdom is by far the best
ever printed ; and in short, as we hare berme observed, in-
formation upon every possible topic of interest is afforded to
the public in this Most useful pamphlet. Messrs. Ilannay
and Dictrichsen have certainly put all competition out of the
field, for, we should say, it would be impossible for troy other
firm to produce a similar compilation at five tunes the cost."
—Morning Chronicle, Oct. 28.
Published by the Proprietors, and'sold :It their warehouse,
63, Oxford-street, London; and by all Booksellers and Sta-
tioners in the kingdom. In Liverpool, by Smith, 24, Scot-
land-place.

Tit A DE or DUNDEE.—Linens and yarns continue without
any liberation since last week, but a Our at.etage business
has been done in both. It is, however, a general complaint
that yarns, particularly, are too low, and do tett temonerate
the spinners. The state of the spinning ;fade at Belfast
forms a curious contrast to that here. There, we learn. some
of the most extensive spinners are working eight :IA day to
supply the incessant foreign and home (tomato!, hip! are re-
vising their prices of yarns almost every week. and talking
already of their being up to those they were three years ago.
From the rapid progress the spinning trade is Ito i.t the
north of Ireland their own flax is not sullicisoo to supply
them, and it courts sparingly to market. 'le;, fins i thin
at our notations, although no extensive sates are in,tking;
but as it appears there is a small supply at it is sur-
mised that both the Irish and Yorkshire soiene,s 'sill apply
to this market, at present the cheapest in Bilotti]. At Lon-
don and Liverpool prices are £2. to £3. per ten alt., ours,
and the extraordinary advance on hemp must ail'ect flax,
which for many purposes may be used as aso o,:! ote. Iu
London £-12. 10s. has been paid for 100 lons of clean hemp,
and the pric-s in Liverpool is £l4. In tit;. 1,14 mat ket 50
tons of Pernau flax has been sold at an advance of per
ton on former prices, and in Lundon P. T. I?. i, N. £-16.
for common, and superior parcels are held :it L.• is. and even
£5O. per ton. The accounts from America are not hie late
date; and, as usual at this season, not touch doing in linens.
Letters of 10th ultimo from Savannah iti.e by en means en-
couraging for cotton bagging. " Hempen, 11 lb. per yard,
are soil at 19 cents, and tow at 16 cents. Tee stock in the
country is sufficient for twelve months to (-ems, and tto im-
provement in prices is looked for."—Dundee Cokri,r.
DRSTItUCTIVE: Flu!. AT IZoCHDALE, WITH loss OF
One of the roost destructive fires that bas been known in
Rochdale for many yeats, happened on Skul:as test. The
woollen factory in Oldham load belonging to Messrs. But-
terworth, was discovered to be on fire, shout two o'clock on
Saturday morning; and although the most I:reinet end active
exertions were made to check the progress of the flames,
they had made their way into every ioom, and were issuing
from all the windows, before the engines could be got to the
place. Ina very short time afterwards, the rout fell in with
a tremendous crash, when the blaze, in oue immense viqinune,
extending the whole length of the buildi,ng, tewered •up as
high as the chimney, anti illuminated the country fir miles
round. Only the day previous to the Ere, six tens of oil had
been taken into the mill, which, tit ether with the floats that
were saturated with oil, had a wonderful (erect in increasing
the flames. Next, the gable. end at the north pert of the
building gave why, and fell upon part of Mr. Herring's
foundry, which it levelled with the ground. A few minutes
before this happened, a horse from a shed, and a deg from a
kennel in the yard, had beet removed, which wol!til otherwise
have been inevitably buried under the ruins. 'Ole gable at
the south end now fell upon a new warehouse, not; roofed,
four stories high, and belonging to the saute gentleutan that
netted the Ist-tore. Of this i
warehouse, it &ere n part of
the end and side,- and broke down three fours which were
not yet boarded. Between this warehouse !o!t1 the mill was
planted one of the engines, which was with ditheelty removed
in time to a place of safety. Almost the e lode ot both the
side walls fell, partly into the building, and it.tetly into the
canal adjoining. We are sorry to say, that an ill man, the
lodgekeeper, is missing: he was last seen
.to enter the third
doubt perished poenriskileodu
story of the building before the roof felt in, out! he has no
.Ito. been
lsi'ees in an idnaytheevieliaiminags. ; rbl!'hteirie" %;),:wer:lttonas
1.,t nearly ri'),ooo,
for weaving flannels, together with other ot.lehini.ry, in the
un-
finished building,s
t9°Litep.aelk‘hs eofdaum-o;gl,earsdesatbitnouatte.2
and the proprietors are insured for £ls,' (,t The building
was 23 windows, or about 80 yards in length, and one part
was five and the other six stories in height. The whole was
,a mass of ruins in less than two hours from the time when
the flames were first seen. How the fire originated is not
known.—Manchester Guardian.

CHURCH RATES.—A church rate contest has just been ter-
m;nated at St. Neot's by a poll, the result of ahien was a mijority of 140 in favour of making a sixpenny rate—the
numbers being for it 201, against it 61.
They write from Munich that the Brazilian government* has confirmed the annual dower eranted to the Duchess of !'
Braganza, amounting to 27,000 florins.
His Majesty's ship Inconstant, Captain Priir., arriv d at
Plymouth On Tuesday morning, with Lord Durham and
suite. The Inconstant sailed from Quebec on the Ist inst.
A fanatic, who calls himself Gabriel, is travel sing the vil-
lages of Burks, and alarming the credulous and superstitious
with predictions of the speedy destruction of the world.—
Aylesbury News.
It is said in the O'Connell papers that eighty thousand
precursors have been enrolled. This is only one twenty-
fifth of the number required by the agitator.
We understand it is the intention of the coal-owners, of
this river, to raise the price of steam-engine goal, tor ex-
portation, at the commencement of the year.—Sundei lewd
Beacon.

Warp,

TRYING TO PLEASE EVERYBODY.

Hints to Editors.

One reader cries, your strain's too grave,
Too much morality you have,
Too much about religion;
dive me some witch and wizard tales,
Of slip-shod ghosts with fins and scales,
And feathers like a pigeon.

I love to read, another cries,
Those monstrous fashionable lies—
thope novels,

rrarnoturrose o inks, an pries s, an ords,
Of border wars, and Gothic hordes

That used to live iu hovels.

No, no, cries one, we've had enough
Of such confounded love-sick stuff

To craze the fair creation

Give us some recent forein news
Of Russians, 'lurks, the Poles, or Jews,
Or any other nation.

The man of dull scholastic lore
Would like to see a little more
Of first-rate scraps of Latin;
The grocer fain would learn the price
Of tya and sugar, fruit anti rice;
The draper, silk and satin.

Another cries, 1 want more fun,
A witty anecdote or pun,
A rebus or a riddle;
Some wish for parliamentary news,
And some, perhaps, of wiser views,
Would rather hear a fiddle.

The critic, too, of classic skill,
Must dip in gall his gander quill,
And scrawl against the paper;
Of all the ►iterary fools,
Bred in our colleges and schools,

He cuts the greatest caper,

Another cries, I want to see,
A juinbled-up variety,
Variety in all things—

A miscellaneous hodge-podge print,
Composed (I only give the hint)
Of multifarious small things.

I want some marriage news, says miss,
It constitutes my highest bliss
To hear of weddings plenty ;
For in a time of general rain
None suffer from a drought, 'tis plain,
At least not one in twenty.

1 want to hear of deaths, says one,
Of people totally undone
By losses, fire, or fever;
Another answers, full as wise,
I'd rather have the fall and rise
Of racoon skins and beaver.

Some signify a secret wish
For now and then a favourite dish
Of politics to suit them ;
But here we rest at perfect ease
For should they swear the moon was cheese,
We never should confute them.

Or grave or humorous, wild or tame,
Lofty or low, 'tis all the same,
Too haughty or too humble ;
So, brother editors, pursue
The path that seems the best to you,
And let the grumblers grumble,

CONTEMPORARY PRESS.

LADY HESTER STANHOPE AND THE WHIG
GOVERNMEN r.
(From the Morning Herald.)
We published, yesterday, a very curious correspon-
dence relative to the conduct of the whig government
in reference to Lady Hester Stanhope. We take,
now, the opportunity of stating, that the annals of
official meanness contain nothing more disgraceful.
The whig cabinet has not, since the accession of
Queen Victoria, been sparing in the unconstitutional
use of her Majesty's name, and alleged political sym-
pathies. But we are not aware that they have, in any
previous case, compromised the authority of their royal
mistress in a manner so grossly unconstitutional, as
they have in this affair of Lady Hester Stanhope and
one of her creditors.
The facts of the case are these. Lady Hester
Stanhope, the niece of Mr. Pitt; has, since-the death
of that distinguished_ statesman, received a pension of
£1,500 per annum. Her ladyship has, for very many
years, resided in eastern countries. In her wander-
ings, she has contrived to learn more of the manners
and opinions of the "far east" than ever was learned
by European before--encountering, at the same time,
more moving accidents by flood and field than ever
fell to the lot of heroine of romance. Her ladyship's
eccentric habits, strong powers of mind, and unbounded
generosity, have acquired for her vast influence in the
district where she has of late years fixed her residence.
In consequence of a recent ebullition of benevolence,
on a very magnificent scale, her ladyship was com-
pelled to transact sundry large debts. One of her
creditors, at length, applied to the British government
for aid in his attempt to enforce a settlement of his
claim, and in answer to this application Lord Palmer-
ston prevailed on the Queen to intimate that Lady
Hester Stanhope's pension should be stopped until the
debt in question was provided for.
On the subject of the debt adverted to, Lady Hester
Stanhope has declared, that her creditor subjected her
to extortion of the rankest kind, and that, at all events,
he is entitled to no preference over her other cre-

ditors.
It seems to us scarcely possible to imagine any de
reliction of duty towardS the crown more gross than
that committed by Lord Palmerston in advising the
Monarch to abase the royal prerogative into the means
of effecting the forcible adjustment of a dispute be-
tween a creditor and a debtor. Such a duty is not, as-
suredly, amongst the duties assigned to the crown by
the theory of the constitution ; but if such are to be,
henceforward, on the authority of Lord Palmerston
and his brother whigs, recognised as amongst the
functions "of royalty, it would seem to follow that all
creditors may, when it suitslhem, advance pretensions
tooffices the benefit of the friendly of the crown, in
bringing refractory debtors to reason—pretensions
quite as well-founded as those of the whig-patronised
claimant on the resources of Lady Hester Stanhope.
Many debtors, having large means in England, have
been in the habit of living abroad, in order to evade
payment of their debts. Why should not the influence
of the crown be forthwith placed, in all such cases, at
the disposal of all classes of creditors, honest and dis-
honest ? Why should not the crown prerogative be,
henceforward, employed in the attachment of rents and
dividends—the property of all debtors who may not
choose immediately to settle with their creditors?
Who can touch pitch and not he defiled ? Royalty
itself, when doomed to contact with whiggery, would
seem destined' to lose no small portion of its lustre !
It may be urged, perhaps, that our reference to rents
and dividends is not warranted in the circumstances—
that pensions differ in character from the other varie-
ties of property which we have named—and that, over
pensions, the crown must be admitted to possess a le-
gitimate power of control !
It will, at all events, be conceded by the defenders
of Lord Palmerston, that if this assumed distinction
were admitted, the admission would not deprive the
interposition of the whig government in this matter of
Lady Hester Stanhope, of its oppressive and uncon-
stitutional character, unless, in all similar circum-
stances, a similar species'of interposition might, as a
matter of course, be calculated on. Yet such inter-
position might have been, and might still be, attended
with exceeding inconvenience in the instances even of
many illustrious individuals. The Duke of Sussex
might, on his confession, be, at this moment, subjected
to the benefit of this whig-discovered variety of the
royal prerogative; whilst, " if we have writ our an-
nals true," the late Dukes of York and Kent might
have had the pecuniary difficulties that beset them fear-
fully aggravated, if the measure which has been-meted
out to Lady Hester Stanhope had been meted out to
those members of the royal family.
We beg, however, to express our dissent from the
whig construction of the nature of that control which
is, undoubtedly, possessed by the crown over the re-
cipients of pensions. Pensions ought not to be granted
on light grounds; nor ought pensions, when granted,
to be, for slight reasons, revoked. As the sanction of
Parliament besides, is, not unfrequently, superadded
to the royal authority in the bestowal of pensions, it
might be desirable, perhaps, that the sanction of Par-
liament should, in like manner, generally, warrant the
withholding of that which bears the character of a
public reward. Not that we would be understood, for
a moment, to question the constitutional right of the
Sovereign to revoke a pension ; but we venture to
think, that as a pension is presumed to have been won
by public services, the forfeiture of a pension ought,
e converso, to be preceded by some offence against the
public on the part of the recipient. And on this po-
sition we are prepared, without hesitation, to take our
stand—that although the crown may, with perfect pro-
priety, in certain cases, interfere to revoke a pension,
the crown never can, without compromising its dig-
nity, interpose to regulate the distribution of the pen-
sion between the recipient and his creditors.
The creditor of a. public pensioner, like the creditor
of every kind of debtor, has his remedy at law ; and
to courts of law—on the implied protection of which
he, in the first instance, risked his property, in the
shape of a loan—he ought to repair fur redress. If
the powers of courts of law be found insufficient to se-
„pure justice to creditors—(although on that side there
is not commonly supposed to he any lack of efficiency
in our civil tribunals)—let these powers be increased
until the ends of justice can be attained. To the
whigs alone could it have occurred to abase the royal
prerogative to the level of the privileges vested by the
constitution in a Court of Requests.

It is a circumstance not generally known that the three
last pretenders of the dethroned family of the Stuarts, have
recorded upon thil tomb-stones in the cathedra! church of
St. Peter, at Rome, their pretended titles of Kings of Great
Britain and Ireland. under the names of Charles 111., James
111., and Henry IX., the last being the Cardinal York, who
lived and died a pensioner of Geo. 111.
THE EMPEROR TRAJAN.—" You teach," said the Em-
peror Trajan to the Rabbi Joseph, "that your GOD is every-
where, and boast that he resides amongst your nation; -I
should like to see him."—" God's presence is indeed every-
where," replied Joshua, "but he cannot be seen; no mortal
eye can behold his glory." The Emperor insisted. " Well,"
said Joshua, "suppose we try to look first at one of hia.am-
bassadors ?" The Emperor consented. The rabbi took him
in the open air at noonday, and bid him look at the sun in
its meridian splendour. " I cannot, the light dazzles me."
"Thou art unable," said Joshua, "to endure the light of
one of his creatures, and caust thou expect to behold the re-
splendent glory of the CREATOR? Would not such a sight
annihilate you ?"—Goodhugh's Lectures on Biblical Literature.

MALI COMATINI T UTIOT WWIII
wgS

(From the Glasgow Courier.)
Suggestions for the Substitution y Steamers from Liverpool to
the Packet Commmuications with the Colonies, sanctioned by

the West India Associations of Glasgow.
The result of the repeated experiments made by the Great
Western steamer proves the practicability of substituting
similar vessels for the packets at present employed in the
conveyance of the West India mails; and it is not less evi-
dent that, besides effecting an immense improvement in the
communications with these colonies, such arrangements may
be made as will not only diminish, but probably save, the ex-
pense now incurred in this service. No opinion with regard
to the success of such steamers, as passenger-ships, can be
farmed from the experience of the sailing packets from Fal-
mouth. That place is in a remote part of the country, and a
passenger in going there to embark must undertake a long,
expensive, and fatiguing journey. The accommodation in
the packets, which is by no means superior, is so limited,
that he must employ an agent —thereibeing no office for the
purpose in London—to bespeak a birth some time before-
hand, in order to be certain: and when he is landed in the
\Vest Indies, he finds his journey and passage have cost him
considerably more than he would have incurred for excellent
accommodation in a first-rate merchant-ship, departing from
a port near his own domicile, and conveying him direct to his
destination—whereas the inconvenience to many of the pas-
sengers is very great after their arrival at Barbados, for
they are there transferred into very small uncomfortable
vessels, called mail-boats, which distribute the mails among
the colonies. Of course, all females, children, and persons
not in robust health, are practically excluded. In short, the
passengers by the sailing packets, are, for these and other
reasons, confined to a comparatively small number of per-
sons, who are anxious to make rapid progress, without regard
to expense or inconvenience; and an erroneous impression
consequently prevails as to the extent of the intercourse with
the West Indies. It is not difficult, however, to approxi-
mate to correct information on this subject. According
to an account taken of the passengers that sailed from
the Clyde, during the year ending on the Ist September
last, it appears that 148 vessels bound to the British West
ludia Colonies carried '273 passengers—being an average of
about two for each vessel, and applying this average to all
the ports, the aggregate number is nearly 3,000, including
those by the packets. There can be no doubt that almost
every one of them would prefer the steameis, if the rates of
passage-money were reasonable; and it is equally certain
that the intercourse would be very greatly increased. At
present a merchant or planter, in contemplating a visit to
Great Britain, either for business or recreation, has to calcu-
late upon spending three months and a half at sea before his
return; and, unless he can absent himself for five or six
months, he has not sufficient motive to undertake the trouble
and-expense of the voyage. The case would be exceedingly
different if, instead of an uncertain transit of three or four
months, he could be almost sure of not being much longer
than thirty days. He would often be induced to move if he
could spare three months from his usual avocationa—and this
is almost annually in the power of many—because he could '
reckon upon being two-thirds of his time in this country;
and the passage each way, by a superior steamer, being so
quickly and easily performed, many merchants especially
would come to euojy the advantage of one month's personal
intercourse with their connexions and friends. All who are
acquainted with the West India Colonies, and the nature of
their relation with the mother country, will readily admit
the correctness of these statements. But, even if no increase
whatever were to take place, the number of passengers ac-
tually passing to and fro at present are more than sufficient
to furnish most ample remuneration for the expense of the
projected establishment of steamers. To insure complete
success, however, arrangements must, in every respect, be
equal to those made in private steamers, such as the Great
Western—and there is certainly no reason why they should
be at all inferior. The Government need not aim at realising
profit, and ought, therefore, to be content with full reim-
bursement. In order to meet the wants of every class of
passengers, it may be expedient to prepare suitable accommo-
dation to the steerage as well as the cabin; and, as no room
will be required for any cargo, except specie, the troops may
also be conveyed to and from these colonies by embarking a
company, or some more definite limited number, in each
successive packet—at least, all ordinary movements may be
thus effected at little expense, and with great comfort and
certainty. Suppose that each steamer were adequately pre-
pared for the reception of 80 cabin and 40 steerage passen-
gers, and that for the first year only 50 and 20 were, respecti-
vely, the average numbers that embarked—there being two
departures monthly—the total number per annum would be
100 Cabin Passengers 12 = 1200 Cabin.
4U Steerage do. 12 = 480 Steerage. ,

1680
While, according to the estimate already referred to, the ac•
tual existing intercourse may be taken at nearly 3000. The
rates of passage-money may, and ought to be fixed so as to
compete, in point of mere expense, with -the other means of
conveyance; for, however desirous every person may be to
enjoy superior comfort, that consideration cannot always be
indulged. If the rate for the cabin were fixed at £3O, and
that for the steerage at £l5, the returns for each voyage
would be—as supposed for the !last year-
-50 Cabin Passengers 30 s.-_-.- 1500
20 Steerage do. 15 = 300-1800 2 = £31300.
And, as each steamer would perform at least six voyage/3 an-
nually, the yearly return for each would be 3600 6
£21,600 from passengers alone. Indeed, it is highly pro-,
battle, that soon after the establishment of such splendid con.
veyances, every berth would be occupied, and the revenue
consequently greatly augmented. The rates of passage-
money might then be reduced, and the letters charged with
only the inland postage; for, as has been already observed, full
reimbursement is all that need be required. Under the in-
fluence of these views, it is proposed that, instead of sailing
packets at present employed to carry the mails between Fele
mouth and the West Indies, there shall be dispatched, on
the Ist and 15th of every month, a steamer from Liverpool.
That port is decidly the most eligible station for steam-
packets to our possessions abroad. Coals, and the requisits,
and tradesmen for the outfit or repairs of such vessels, are
there in abundance of the best description. In consequence
of the railways already formed, or in preparation, and the
steam communications by water, it is practically in the cen-
tre of the United Kiodom. Letters and passengers arecon-
yeyed in eleven hours to London, and may from thence, of
course, be distributed in every direction without delay. Those
for Bristol and the West of England are carried by railway,
which, ere long, will be extended to Gloucester, and eventually
to that city. Those for Scoland may be conveyed by superior
steamers to Glasgow, from whence there will, in a few years be
a railway to Edinburgh, and another to Ayre—whilethere are
steamers along the whole of the east and west coast. Those for
the northland and midland counties may be forwarded by
railways to Manchester, Preston. Lancaster, Leeds, Selby,
Hull, York, Sheffield, Derby, &c., and there are already
daily steamers to the principal ports of Ireland. It is con-
ceived to be a reasonable expectation that a steamer of the
first class in every respect—of adequate tonnage and power
—shall arrive at Barbados in about fifteen days, upon a mo-
derate consumption of fuel—for, after getting into the lati-
tude of the trade winds, she will have the advantage of
smooth water, as well as a favourable current, and derive
important assistance from a great spread of canvass. The
homeward passage may occupy a few days longer, but it will
probably be performed in seventeen days, if St. Thomas be
the point of departure from the West Indies. And as it may
be desirable, lot the convenient distribution and collection of
mails and passengers, to detain her there fourteen days, the
course of post would be about forty-six days. Four steamers
would, therefore, accomplish the service, and have spare time
on both sides of the Atlantic for occasional repairs.
On the at rival of the steamer at Barbadoes, it is proposed
that she shall proceed, after a few hours' delay, with the mails
and passengers for St. Vincent, Grenada, and Trinidad ; and
that the following arrangements shall be made with regard
to the others:—
A powerful and commodious ,steamer, prepared in every
respect for the comfortable accommodation of passengers, to
receive those for Hayti and Jamaica, and proceed immedi-
ately to Kingston, calling at Jactnel, or some other conveni-
ent point. on the south coast of Hayti. After remaining four
days at Kingston, to return by Jacinel, and the South coast
of Porto Rico to St. Thomas, where she may arrive on the
thirteenth day after leaving Barbados; to which Island she
shall return direct from St. Thomas, after there delivering
the mails and passengers to the home-bound steamer.
A steamer of moderate tonnage, but adequate power and
suitable accommodations, to receive those for Tobago and
British Guiana, and proceed immediately to that Island,
Demerara, and Beibice. After remaining one day at the last
mentioned settlement, to return by Demerara and Tobago to
Barbados, receiving on board the homeward mails and pas-
sengers at each colony—and proceed to St. Vincent to
transfer the same to the home-hound steamer, and
immediately- return to Barbados to perform a similar
tour on the arrival of the next steamer from Liverpool.
A steamer, somewhat larger, to receive the ma is and pas-
sengers for all the islands to the northward of St. Vincent,
and proceed immediately to distribute the same in succession
at St. Lucia. Martinique, Dominioa, Guadeloupe, Antigua,
St. Kitts, Tortola, and St. Thomas ; and to return by
Nvtheesias
'me route to Barbados, calling at each island fur mails
and passengers.
A schooner to proceed monthly from Barbados to La
Gnayra, carrying the homeward mail to St. 'Thomas, and re-
turn thence to Barbados.
The mails and passengers far Carthagena, Chagres, and
Honduras, to be forwarded from Kingston, Jamaica, twice
a-month, by a steamer of adequate power and accommoda-
tions, which shall proceed in the order here stated, and return
front Honduras to Kingston.
The home-bound, or Atlantic, steamer, after remaining five
days at Trinidad, to proceed to collect the homeward mails
and passengers from Grenada, St. Vincent, (where she will
receive those brought by the steamer from Berbice, Deme-
rara, Tobago, and Barbados,) St. Lucia, Martinique, Do-
minica, Guadeloupe, Antigua, Nevis, St. Kitts, Tortola, and
St. Thomas—where she will, on the fourteenth day after her
arrival at Barbados, receive the return mails and passengers
front Jamaica and Hayti, and immediately proceed to Liver-
pool.
It will be remarked, that throughout these arrangements it
is proposed the passengers shall be conveyed to and front
every place in a good steamer, of adequate tonnage and power,
with suitable accommodations. Without the full observance
of these conditions, the objects in view may not be attained.
Hitherto the comfort of passengers has been little regarded,
while the expense of passage, even for the shortest distance—
from one island to another—has beets unnecessarily heave ;
and the vessels at present employed by the Goverment are
such that they never can be rendered productive as passenger
ships. The steamers that have been sent to carry the snails
front Jamaica to St. Thomas are so unfit for the purpose that
they have frequently failed to arrive in time for the homeward
packet—and the Lords of the Admiralty, overlooking the true
cause of the disappointment that has ensued, have been in-
duced to propose a change in the course of the packets, by
making the point of final departure instead of St. Thomas,
Gape Haytien, and directing the steamer from Kingston, by
St. Jago de Cuba, to ;hat place, Although it is believed that
this alteration will he found, even for sailing vessels, very. in.
convenient, especially during the season when northerly winds
prevail, and the passage from all the colonies to the east-
ward of Jamaica will be rendered longer, while that from
Kingston will not be shorter, it is deemed unneces-
sary to enter into any argument on this point. What-
ever may be urged as to the probability of a sailing-
packet getting sooner under the influence of favourable winds,
by departing ;rom Cape Haltien, it is presumed there will be
no difference of opinion with regard to the unexpediency of
sending the Atlantic steamers in this case, further west than
St. Thomas—seeing there would be no difficulty in bringing
the mails and passengers to that island from Kingston in
five, or at most six, days. Such is the conviction of persons
who have made the passage in the inadequate steamers now
used, with their coals piled high on their decks! The num-
ber of subsidiary steamers required for the service among
the colonies would be the same as are at present in commis-
sion—with the addition of one for the proposed communica-
tion twice a-mouth between Jamaica and South America—
and all the existing mail schooners might be disposed of, ex-
cept two or three for the conveyance of the LaGuavra mail, and
for occasional extra services. '1 herr are seven or eight gun
brigs employed in carrying the mails from and to Fahnouth,
which would, of course, be no longer required.
In the estimate made of the returns, no account has been
taken of the passengers who would most certainly in great
numbers take advantage of gdod steamers communicating,
between all these colonies once a fortnight, and with many
of them four times a-month. To show the perfect contrast
which such a system of intercourse would present with what
now exists,it may be enough to mention that the occurrence
of a disaster last year to a vessel, bound from Trinidad to the
Clyde, was known in Glasgow, by letters and newspapers
from St. Kitts, sooner than in Trinidad, • where it was most
desirable the parties concerned should receive the earliest in-
telligence.
It may be supposed that the arrangements here suggested
require, for their complete success, such minute and sustained
management as would be best secured under a Joint Stock
Company. If the Lords of the Admiralty entertain this