The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-08-28 00:00:00

SAM SLICK ON THE BRITISH COLONIES.

"It is admitted on all hands now, by tories, whigs, and
radicals, that the time is not far distant when the provinces
will be old enough for independence, and strong enough to
demand it. lam also happy to say that there is every dispo-
sition to yield to their wishes whenever a majority shall con-
cur in applying for a separation. It is very questionable
whether the expense of their protection is not greater than
any advantage we derive from them.
That, said the Clockmaker, is what I call, now, good
sound sense. I like to hear you talk that way, for it shows
you participate in the enlightenment of the age. After all
the expense you have been to in conquerin', clearin', settlin',
fortifyin', governin', and protectin' these colonies, from the
time they were little miserable splindlin' secdlin's up to now,
when they have grow'd to be considerable stiff and strong,
and of some use, to give 'em up, and encourage 'em to ax
for 'mancipation, is, I estimate, the part of wise men. Yes,
I see you are wide awake. Let 'm look out the next mornin'
a rter they are free for a visit from us. If we don't put 'em
throw' their facin's its a pity. Thu' they are no good to you
they are worth a Jew's eye to us, and have 'em we will, by
gum !

.•
" You put me in mind of a British parliament-man that
was travellin' in the States once. I seed him in a steam-boat
on the Ohio, Va'inost a grand river that, squire; if you were
to put all the English rivers into one you couldn't make its
ditto,) and we went the matter of seven hundred miles on it
till it jined the Mississippi. As soon as we turned to go down
that river, and stared, and scratched his head, like bewildered.
Says he, this is very strange, very strange indeed, says he.
What's strange? said I; but he went on without hearin'. It's
the greatest curiosity, said he, I ever seed, a nateral phe-
nomenon, one of the wonders of the world; and he jumped
right up and down like a ravin' distracted fool. Where is
it? said•he. What the devil has become of it? If it's your
wit, said I, you are alookin' for, it's gone a wool-gatherin'
more nor half an hour ago. What on airth ails you, says I,
to make you act so like Old Scratch that way? Do, for
goodness sake, look here, Mr. Slick, said he. That immense
river, the Ohio, that we have been sailin' upon so many days,
where is it? Where is it? said. I. Why, it's run into the
Mississippi here to be sure; where else should it be? or did
you think it was like a snake that it curled its head under its
own belly, and run back again ? But, said he, the Missis-
sippi arn't made one inch higher or one inch wider by it; it
don't swell it one mite or morsel; it's marvellous, ain't it.—
Well, gist afore that, we had been talking about the colonies;
,o, says 1, 1 can tell you a more marvellous thing than that
by a long chalk.
" There is Upper Canada and Lower Canada, and New
Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, and Cape Breton, and Prince
Edward's Island, and Newfoundland—they all belong to the
English. Well, said he, I know that as well as you do.
Don't be so plaguv touch! said I, but bear me out. They
all belong to the English, and there's no two ways about it;
it's the best part of America, too; better land and better
climate than ourn, and free from yaller fevers, and agues,
and nigger slaves, and hostile Indgians, and Lynchers, and
alligators, and such like varmint, and all the trade and com-
merce of them colonies, and the supply of 'factored goods
belong to the English too, and yet I defy any livin' soul to
say he can see that it swells their trade to be one inch wider,
or one inch higher; it's gist a drop in the bucket. Well,
that is strange, said he; but it only shows the magnitude of
British commerce. Yes, says I, it does; it shews another
thing too. What's that? said he. Why, says 1, that their
commerce is a plaguy sight deeper than the shallerpated
noodles that it belongs to. Do you, said I, jest take the lead-
line, and sound the river jist below where the Ohio comes
into it, and you will find that, though it tante broader or
higher, it's an everlasting sight deeper than it is above the
jinin' place. It can't be otherwise in natur.
" Now, turn the Ohio, and let it run down to Baltimore,
-Erred-Taredr - %tic vi, m ammuth as-it-te—a tYcs c nt-
guess river from what you now see it. It wouldn't overrun
its banks no more, nor break the dykes at New Orleans, nor
leave the great Cyprus swamps under water any longer. It
would look pretty streaked' in dry weather, I know. Jist so
with the colony trade; though you can't see it in the ocean
of English trade, yet it is there. Cut it off, and see the raft
of ships you'd have to spare, and the thousands of ships you'd
have to spare, and the thousands of emigrants you'd have to
emigrate to us! and see how white about the gills Glasgow,
and Greenock, and Liverpool, and Manchester, and Birming-
ham would look. Cuttin' off the colonies is like cuttin' of
the roottiof a tree; it's an oven chance if it don't blow right
slap over the very first sneeze of wind that comes; and if it
don't, the leaves curl up, turn yaller, and fall off afore their
time. Well, the next spring follorite there is about six feet
of the top dead, and the tips of the branches withered, and the
leaves only half size; and the year after, unless it sends out
new roots, it's a great leafless trunk, a sight to behold; and
if it is strong enough to push out new roots, it may revive,
but it never looks like itself again. The luxuriance is gone,
and gone for ever."

DR. HOOK'S SERMON,
PREACHED BEFORE THE QUEEN, IN THE CHAPEL ROYAL,

ON THE 17TH JUNE, 1838.

" Hear the Church.—Matthew, xviii. 17.

This little sanctuary, in which we are now assembled, will
always be regarded by the English churchman with feelings
of pious sentiment and respect. Here, from time immemo-
rial,'our sovereigns have worshipped and our bishops preach-
ed; and these walls were the first which heard the sound of
our English liturgy. Here young Edward imbibed the prin-
ciples of divine truth from the lips of Ridley and Creamer;
and here, in the reign of Elizabeth, her bishops, supported by
her united firmness, wisdom, and piety, manfully upheld the
principles of the English reformation, maintaining the equi-
pose against the papist on the one hand, and, on the other,
against those ultra-protestants who were anxious to introduce
the foreign system, and to revolutionize religion instead of
reforming the church. Here, too, Charles, who died a mar-
tyr for the principles of the church—for the church of Eng-
land boasts the only royal martyr in the calendar—sought
that strength from on high, which euabled him to lay down
his " grey discrowned head" upon the block with a blessed
peace of mind, which a rebel nation, while depriving him of
everything else, was unable to take away. Here, ever since,
by faithful pastors, our British sovereigns have loyally, duti-
fully, and respectfully, but, at the same time, I hope with
firmness and fearlessness, been reminded of that solemn ac-
count they will one day have to render to Him who is King
of kings, and Lord of lords, and the Ruler of princes—here
they have been admonished of the awful responsibility of high
office, of the temptations by which they are surrounded, of
the example they are bound to set, of their duty at the nurs-
ing fathers and nursing mothers of the church—and here
those sovereigns, in the ordinances and sacraments of the
gospel, have sought.for that divine grace, of which they have
stood in need as much as, yea, from their increased respon-
sibility, from their greater temptations and difficulties, if
possible, snore than the very meanest of their subjects.
In such a place, then, it cannot be deemed improper if I
briefly lay before you the claims, the character, and the pri-
vileges of the church. May God the Holy Spirit be with me
while I speak, and with you while you hear; with me, that I
may speak boldly, as I ought to speaks with you, that you
may receive the word with pure affection; with sue that I may
not give, with you that you may not take, offence.
Now, at the very outset, I must state that I refer to the
church, not as a mere national establishment of religion, but
as the church, a religious community, intrinsically independ-
ent of the state; that is to say, I am about to treat of the
church, not in its political, but simply and solely in its reli-
gious character.
No one who reads the Bible can for one moment doubt
that religion is, or ought to be, a national concern, so long as
the Bible contains such awful denunciations against national
apostacy and national vice, and while, among the predicted
blessings of Christianity, it was foretold as one, that kings
should be the nursing fathers, and queens the nursing mothers
of the church. And to desire to belong to that religious so-
ciety which happens to be established in our native land, is a
sentiment patriotic, praiseworthy, and honourable. But there
is a still further question to be asked; namely, whether the
society of Christians established by the government, and in-
vested with certain_ emoluments and privileges, be a pure
branch of that church which was instituted by our blessed
Lord and his apostles? And if it be not such, however will-
ing we might be to preserve the peace of society, by refusing
to injure a national institution, we should, nevertheless, be
amply justified, as religionists, in refusing to conform to it.
If the mere fact that a religious society is established by the
civil government, be sufficient to claim for it our adhesion,
see what the consequence must be; we should be obliged, on
such principles, to become presbyterians in Scotland and
Holland, papists in France and Italy ; nay, in some parts of
the world, worshippers of the mosque, and votaries of Brahma !
whereas the consistent protestant could not, of course, con-
form to the established in France or Italy, until those church-
es have undergone a thorough reformation; the consistent
English churchman cannot conform to the presbyterian esta-
blishment in Scotland, but in that part of the island attends
the services of the Scottish episcopal church, which, though
at one time established, was, at the revolution in 1688, from
political considerations, deprived of its endowments, which
were then given to the community of presbyterians, which has
there become' the established religion.
Bless God, then, we may, that the true church is established
here in England, and that, while as patriots we would sup-
port its establishment for our country's good, we can also, as
Christians, conscientiously conform it; yet it is not on the
ground that it is established by the state, but on grounds
much higher and holier than these, that in this sacred place
we are to state its claims. So entirely independent is the
church (as the church) of the state, that were all connexion
between church and state at this very moment to cease, (though
we may be sure the monarchy would be destroyed), the
church, as the church, would continue precisely as she now
is; that is to say, our bishops, though deprived of temporal
rank, would still exercise all those spiritual functions, which,
conferred by higher than human authority, no human authority
can take away; still to the vacant sees they would consecrate
new bishops, still ordain the clergy, still confirm the baptized,
still govern the church; our priests, assisted by the deacons,
would still administer the sacraments and preach the gospel;
our liturgy, even though we were driven to upper rooms of
our towns, or to the very caves of the desert, would still be
solemnised. We may be sure of this, for this very thing has
happened in times past. When the United States of America
were English colonies, the English church was there estab-
lished : at the revolution, the state was destroyed. Monarchy
has there ceased to exist; but the church, though depressed
for a time, remained uninjured : so that these—among the
American republicans—under the superintendence of no
fewer than sixteen bishops, you will find her sacraments and
ordinances administered, and all her ritual_ and litdrgical
services celebrated, with not less of piety, zeal, and solemnity
than hear in England; there you may see the church, like
an oasis in the desert, blessed by the dews of heaven, and
shedding heavenly blessings arround her, in a land where,
because no religion is established, if it were not for here,
nothing but the extremes of infidelity or fanaticism would
prevail.

And so you may perceive what is meant, when we say, that
we wish to speak of the church, not as an establishment, but
as the church, a religious society, a particular society of
Christians.
We will commence with an indisputable fact. In this
country there is at the present time a religious society, known
by the name of the church. The question is, when and by
whom was this society instituted?
Now the Roman catholics or papists assert that it was in-
stituted and founded, like the generality of protestant sects,
by certain reformers in the 16th century, and thence they
would deduce a strong argument against us. They would ask
us, whether any. man can take unto himself the office of the
ministry, unles he be sent by God; and if we are-scriptural
Christians' if we take the Bible for our guide, if we act ou
that sound protestant, tyiplkt-
Ininitkiltwel-,1: Then they
proceed to ask how can you prove that your ministers are
called of God to the office. And if their assertion were true
that our church was founded. at the reformation, we could
give them no answer at all.
But at the period of the reformation, when Cranmer and
Ridley flourished, there was a church existing and established
in England, and as archbishop of that church, Cranmer, our
celebrated reformer, was consecrated. That church had ex-
isted, as all parties admit, from the first planting of Christi-.
anity in England. But Archbishop Cranmer found, that in
his time, it had become in certain respects corrupted; that
the Bishop of Rome, for example, had usurped over it an au-
thority and influence which he did not possess by right; that
many practices prevailed, some of them contrary to scrip-
ture, and some of them much abused to superstition ; such as
the worshipping of saints and images, and the use of the li-
turgy in a language not understood by the people,—while opi-
nions were prevalent (such as those relating to transubstan-
tiation,) decidedly erroneous, which the church did not pro-
test against, but, on the contrary, rather seemed to sanction.
Now when once these errors were pointed out and proved to
be unscriptural, our divines would have been guilty of heresy
had they pertinaciously adhered to them. Before the refor-

mation,-those who adhered to them were not guilty of heresy,
for they held the doctrines which, (ever since the reforma-
tion,) we have renounced, from a mere error of fact. They
supposed them to be revealed doctrines, and therefore they in
humble faith received them; we, on the contrary, have ascer-
tained that these doctrines were not revealed, and therefore,
influenced by the same faith, we reject them; so that it was
by one and the self-same principle, that both before and since
the reformation, the true members of the church of England
have been actuated. They said, and we say precisely the
same, whatsoever is revealed that we will not question but be-
lieve. But as to the fact, whether this or that doctrine was
revealed, they were less cautious than we are now; we who
perhaps err on the very side of caution.
But to return to the archbishop and the prelates who aided
him in the work of reformation. They discovered that all
the errors which they detected in their church were innova-
tions gradually-and imperceptibly introduced, and not belong-
ing originally or essentially to the church of England; that,
even in ihe seventh century, five councils were held in Eng-
land, when the doctrines denounced by the reformers were
unknown. What, then, did the archbishop and his associ-
ates determine to do? They determined, as they had an un-
doubted right so to do, not to overthrow the old church and
establish a protestant sect in its place, but merely to reform,
to correct abuses in the existing church. And, aided by the
civil powers, this they did, by asserting, first, their own inde-
pendence as bishops against the usurped authority of the pope,
who had no more authority of right in England than the Bishop
ofCanterbury had in Home; by discontinuing practices which
led evidently to unscriptural superstitions; by protesting
against certain prevalent erroneous doctrines; by translating
the scriptures and the ancient ritual and liturgy, which latter
(the ritual and liturgy we still retain) besides translating,
they re-arranged. But, though they did this, they still re-
mained the same bishops and divines of the same church. An
attempt was made to revive the old superstitions in Queen
Mary's reign, but, by the pious firmness of Elizabeth, her
bishops were enabled to complete the work so happily com-
menced in the reigns of her father and brother.

Now, from this historical statement, you see the absurdity
of which the papists are guilty when they accuse us of having
deserted or dissented from the old church, and of having
reared a new church of human origin—the absurdity of their
speaking of theirs as the old church and the old religion.
About two years ago, this very chapel in which we are
now assembled was repaired, certain disfigurements removed,
certain improvements made: would it not be absurd, on that
account, to contend that it is no longer the Chapel Royal?
Would it not be still more absurd if some one were to build
a new chapel in the neighbourhood, imitating closely what
tt ies d cuhsta paenld wr
uasbbtiisvhe
wyheiacrhs
waagsoa,
tatnhdat ctiamreefsu4 piling
m huepn cael
l
and then pronounce that, not this, to be the ancient chapel
of the sovereigns of England ? The absurdity is at once ap-
parent; but this is precisely what has been done by the Ro-
man Catholic or Papist. The present church of England is
the old Catholic church of England, reformed, in the reigns
of Henry, Edward, and Elizabeth, of certain superstitious
errors; it is the same church which came down from our Bri-
and Saxon ancestors, and, as such, it possesses its original
endowments, which were never, as ignorant persons foolishly
suppose, taken from one church and given to another. The
church remained the same after it was reformed as it was be-
fore, just as a man remains the same man after he has washed
his face as he was before • just as Naaman, the leper, re-
mained the same Naaman after he was cured of his leprosy
as he was before. And so regularly, so canonically, was the
reformation conducted, that even those who thought no re-
formation requisite, still remained for a time in the church;
they did not consider what was done (though they did not-
prove of it) sufficient to drive them into a schism. It was not
till the twelfth year of Queen Elizabeth's reign that, listening
to the exhortations of the Pope, they quitted the church and
formed a new sect, from which the present Romish dissenters
have descended. and in which were retained all those errors
in opinion and practice, all that rubbish which the Catholic
church in England had at the reformation corrected and

swept away. Let it alwas be remembered that the English
Romanists separated from us, not we from them: we did not
-E-o, rvm thorny y s &I:girt-0A wegrattrint—

tince with that neglected branch of learning, ecclesiastical
history, will convince us of this. They left the church of
England, to which they originally belonged, because they
thought their bishops had reformed too much, had become
too Protestant; just as Protestant dissenters left us, because
they thought we had not reformed enough ; that we were, as
they still style us, too Popish. The one party left us because
they wanted no reform, the other because, instead of a re-
formation, they wished a religious revolution—the reformers
of the church of England carefully preserved a middle path.
The church of England, then, that church to which we
belong, is the old Catholic church which was originally
planted in this country. But the founders of the church of
England—remember I do not mean the reformers—for no-

thin-g
but ignorance, the most gross, will speak of them as
our founders; ignorance, which concedes to the Papists an

argument of -the very greatest importance—the founders, or
planters of the church of England, both Britons and Saxons,
were bishops ordained by other bishops, precisely as is the
case at the present time; the catalogue has been carefully
and providentially preserved from the beginning. The bishops

' who ordained them had been ordained by other bishops, and
so back to the apostles, who ordained the first bishops, being
themselves ordained by Christ. This is what is called the
doctrine of the apostolical succession; which is a doctrine of
the apostolical succession; which is a doctrine of consider.
able importance. For unless the ministers of the gospel are
sent by Christ, what right have they to act in his name ? If
we were passing through a foreign land, we might be perfectly
competent to act as ambassador for the Queen of England;
but would any foreign potentate receive us as such, unless
we could produce our credentials? Many a lawyer may be
as well qualified to perform the duties of the Lord Chancellor
as the Chancellor himself, but is he able to act as Chancellor ?
No, certainly; not unless he has first receivad a commission
from his sovereign. And so with respect to religion. What
right has a man to take upon himself to act as God's ambas-
sador, unless God has commissioned him so to act ? An
eloquent man he may be, and one mighty in the scriptures,
but he has no authority to speak in God's name, until God
has given him that authority. How, asks St. Paul, shall
they preach, i.e. preach lawfully, except they be sent, i.e.
sent by God? No man, says scripture, taketh this honour
to himself, but he that is called of God. Nay, even Christ,
says the apostle, glorified not Himself to be made au high-
priest, but He that said unto Him, "thou art my Son, this
day have I begotten thee," even lie entered not on his minis-
terial office until Ile was externaly appointed thereto.
As the Lord Jesus Christ was sent by the Father, so were
the apostles sent by him. "As my Father bath sent me„'
He says, soon after his resurrection, "even so send I you.',
Now how had the Father sent Him? He had sent Him to
act as his supreme minister on earth; as such to appoint un-
der Him subordinate ministers, and to do what He then did,
when his work on earth was done, to baud on his commission
to others. The apostles, in like manner, were sent by Christ
to act as his chief ministers in the church, to appoint subor-
dinate ministers under them, and then, as He had done, to
hand on their commission to others. And on this commis-
sion, after our Lord had ascended up on high, the apostles
proceeded to act- They formed their converts into churches:
these churches consisted of baptized believers, to officiate
among whom subordinate ministers, priests, and deacons,
were ordained, while the apostle who first formed any parti-
cular church, exercised over it episcopal superintendence,
either holding an occasional visitation, by sending for the
clergy to meet him, (as St. Paul summoned to Melitus the
clergy of Ephesus,) or else transmitting to them those pasto-
ral addresses, which, under the name of epistles, form so im-
portant a portion of
,holy scriptures. At length, however, it
"beCame necessary for the apostles to proceed yet further, and
to do as their Lord had empowered them to do, to hand on
their commission to others,. that at their own death the go-
vernors of the churcti might not be extinct. Of this we have
an instance in Titti, who was placed in Crete by St. Paul,
to act as chief pastor or bishop, and another in Timothy, who
was in like manner set over the church of Ephesus. And
when Timothy was thus appointed to the office of chief
pastor he was associated with Paul, who, in writing to the
Philippians, commences his salutation thus:—" Paul and
Timotheus to the servants of Jesus Christ who are at Phi-
lippi, with the bishops and deacons."
Now we haste here the three orders of the ministry clearly
alluded to. The title of bishop is, to be sure, given to the
second order; but it is not for words, but for things, that we
are to contend. Titles may change while offices remain :
so senators exist, though they are dot now of necessity old
men; and most absurd would it be, to contend that when we
speak of the Emperor Constantine, we can mean no other
office than that held under the Roman republic, because we
find Cicero also saluted as emperor.
So stood the matter in the apostolic age, when the chief
pastors of the church were generally designated apostles or
angels, i. e. messengers sent by God himself. In the next
century, the office remaining, the designation of those who
held it was changed, the title of apostle was confined to the
twelve, including St. Paul; and the chief pastors who suc-
ceeded them were thenceforth called bishops, the subordinate
ministers being styled priests and deacons. And thus we
see, as Christ was sent by the Father, so He sent the apostles;
as the apostles were sent by Christ, so did they send the first
race of bishops ; as the first race of bishops was sent by the
apostles, so they sent the sent the second race of bishops, the
second the third, and so down to our present bishops, who
can thus trace their spiritual descent from St. Peter and St.
Paul, and prove their divine authority togovern the churches
over which they are canonically appointed to preside. Like
the apostles they have the right to appoint under them the
subordinate ministers ; and so, let the papists say what they
will, the clergy of England can establish their right by com-
mission from Christ to minister in sacred things.
Such was originally the. consitution not of one or two
churches only, but of the church universal—the church ca-
tholic. Against the church so constituted in various places,
sectarians arose, even in the apostolic age. These sects were
generally, like modern sects, distinguished by the names of
their founders. But true churches disdained to be called
after any human being whatever, since of them Christ was
the author and finisher. The episcopal churches persevere-
ing in the apostles' doctrine and fellowship, were styled col-
lectively the catholic church; and in order to distinguish it
from the surrounding sects, the true orthodox church, some-
times the catholic church of that place, and hence the term
catholic came, by degrees, to signify (as Bishop Beveridge
remarks) much the same as our term orthodox—the orthodox
church, and orthodox members of the same—that church
which adhered to the scriptural discipline and doctrine uni-
versally received, as distinguished front the discipline in-
vented, and the doctrine propounded, by individual teachers.
You see here, by the way, the folly (if it be not sin, for it is
calling "evil, good—and good, evil,") of styling the Romish
dissenters,in England, as some nersons in extreme ignorance,
and others perhaps with bad intentions do, catholics; for this
insinuates, that we of the church of England ate heretics,
whereas you have seen that ours, not theirs, is the true and
orthodox church of Christ in this country, the real catholic
church in and of England. If they dislike the name of papist,
we may speak of them as Romanists, or even Roman catholics,
Reiman catholics they may be styled, for (though schismatics
and dissenters in England,) iu France, and Italy, they belong
to a church true by descent, though corrupted by Roman or
popish superstitions, A bad man is still a man, and you may
refuse to associate with him before he reforms,—But still you
will never permit him so to style himself a man as to imply
that you yourself are an inhuman being.
Pure in its doctrine, apostolic in its discipline, and edifying
in its ceremonies, this catholic and apostolic church diffused
blessings, and preserved its purity for many hundred years.
In the middle ages it existed, stilln;rking good and administer-
ing grace according to the exigence of the times; emitting a
ray of light when all around was dark. But the surrounding
ignorance and gloom prevented the detection of various cor-
ruptions and disfigurements which by degrees crept into it,
until, in the sixteenth century, the sun of learning having
dawned upon Europe, its defects in this country began to be-
tray themselves too obviously to be any longer tolerated. Of
these defects, so far as the English branch of the church was
ti Isioosee oe it,n ei—eek ~e as I sue
,r
bcforn ilikurop, iney
venerated the fablic which apostles had reared, and of which
Christ himself was the chief corner-stone, they carefully re-
moved the incrustations wih t disfigured, i t,ani
displayed the
a
sweeping
awaye l- r
o thee k
b upon i
which by
Y which t d been overlaid, d
it had been built. Thus was the catholic
real-ruck
rubbish
and apostolic church, of which we profess our belief in the
creeds, rescued in England from popish domination, and (re-
formed or brought back to its primitive purity, dignified in its
simplicity) it retained m the inistry in regular succession from
the apostles, and a ritual and liturgy which can themselves in
great part be traced back to the apostolic age.
Although causelessly to separate front such a church must
be a schismatical act, yet we do not uncharitable pronounce
sentence of condemnation upon those who have, by circum-
stances over which they have no controul, have brought up
without its pale. In error, of course, we believe thent to be,
but certainly not in such error from that circumstance as to
endanger their salvation ; and if we suppose them, as we must
do, to lack our privileges, this ought only to make us respect
them the more if at any time we find them (with fewer advan-
tages) surpassing us in godliness. We do not confine God's
grace and favour to the church, for we remember that though
Job was not a member of the then church of God, still he was
eminently pious and highly-favoured; we remember, that
though Baliam was not in the church, yet he was an inspired
prophet; we remember that Jethro also, the father-in-law of
Moses, though not a proselyte to Israel (and the church at
that time was confined to the Israelites) was yet a servant of
God; we remember, that the Rechabites were actually com-
mended by God at the very time He passed censure upon
those who were then his church—sthe people Israel.
Remembering all this, we say not that other denominations
of Christians are cast out from the mercy of God through the
Saviour because they belong not to the church ; all that we
say is, that it does not follow that these concessions must ren-
der void the divine appointment of the church, the divine
command to all nations, and of course to all mankind, to be
united with it, or the scriptural evidence for episcopacy as the
divinely sanctioned organization of its ministry,—and we con-
tend, that a treasure having been committed to us, we are not
undervalue it lest we should offend others, but are to preserve
it in its purity, and in all its integrity to transmit it our child-
ren's children

And let me ask, is not the privilege of belonging to a church
thus orthodox in its doctrine, and true by descent, thus both
catholic and protestant, a privilege for which we should be
deeply grateful to the providence and grace of God ? And
will not the account we shall have to render be awful, if we
neglect, despise, or forego, the advantages thus placed within
our reach ?
Let us ever remember, that the primary object for which
the church was instituted by Christ, its author and finisher,
and for which the apostolical succession of its members was
established, —that the primary object for which, through ages
of persecution, and ages of prosperity, and ages of darkness,
and ages of corruption, and ages of reformation, and ages of
Latitudinarianism, and now in an age of rebuke and blas-
phemy, now when we have fallen on evil days and evil
tongues, the primary object for which the church has still
been preserved by a providential care, marvellous sometimes
if not miraculous in our eyes, was and is to convey superna-
turally the saving merits of the atoning blood of the Lamb of
God. and the sanctifying graces of his holy spirit to the be-
liever's soul. In the church it is, that the appointed means
are to be found by which that mysterious union with Christ
is promoted in which our spiritual life exists,—in her it is,
that the third person of the blessed trinity abideth for ever,
gradually to change the hearts of sinful man, and to make
that flesh which He finds stone,—gradually to prepare us for
heaven, while our ascended Saviour is preparing heaven for
us. And oh! my brethren! what a privilege it is to have
this well allying waters in which you may wash and be clean !
You know that you are sinful creatures, very far gone from
righteousness; you know that your condition is such, that you
cannot turn and prepare yourselves by your own natural
strength and good works to faith and calling upon God; you
know that by nature you cannot love the Lord your God with
all your heart, and soul, and strength; you cannot discharge
the various duties of your various situations in life; you know
that whatever your condition now may be, the hour must come
of affliction and sorrow, of sickness and sadness, the inevita-
ble hour of death; and the church is instituted to convey to
you pardon upon your repentance, and grace in time of need ;
it is instituted to instruct you in your ignorance, to comfort
you in your sorrows, to elevate you in your devotions, to
tvibringo,eßumriit(y3rytoooht,ujii
s;linsti
lot
ion
preparei:itol
tamal
lncommunion
avail
e
day of judgment; and this she chiefly does through the .os-
pel, and other divinely appointed ordinances of religion, if of
churchs. thus ministers grace
nwlyibovou,in,lielf:o.tsirhet htlevhye: hourur
o f Saviour, death, u3resaa, n
foreti ehr,
to individuals, it is part of her business to preserve, hand down,
and proclaim the truth, the whole truth, as it is in Jesus. And
our duty, therefore, it is—especially, if we happen by God's
providence to be called to situations of influence, rank, or au-
thority—by all the means in our power to increase her• effici-
ency in this respect, to place her on the watch-tower, that her
voice may be heard through the length and the breath of the
land; our duty it is, to take care that her faith be preserved
intact and pure; our duty it is, to vindicate her from the
glosses of ignorance, and the misrepresentations of prejudice
and malice; our duty it is, clearly to define, and zealously to
maintain, those peculiar doctrines and that peculiar discipline,
which have always marked, and do still continue to mark, the
aISIMMOTI betwEeirih-e churclFUttbriSi; a-dintuigered under
the superintendence of chief pastors or bishops who have re-
gularly succeeded to the apostles, from those sects of Chris-
tianity which exist under self-appointed teachers.
Against the church the world seems at this time to be set in
array• To be a krue and faithful member of the church re-
quires no little moral courage. Basely to pretend to belong
to her, while designing mischief against her in the heart, this
is easy enough; but manfully to contend fur her because she
is the church, a true church, a pure church, a holy church,
this is difficult to those who court the praise of men, or fear
the censure of the world. May the great God of heaven, may
Christ the great bishop and shepherd of souls, who is over all
things in the church, put it, my brethren, into your hearts a.nd
minds to say and feel (as I do,) "as for use and my house,
we will live in the church, we will die in the church, and if
need shall be, like our martyred forefathers, we will die for the
church."

The Mercen comet, the appearance of which has been an-
nounced for 1838, will be visible i‘ith a telescope in a few
days.

MECHANICS' INSTITUTION.

LECTURES ON THE STRUCTURE .4.781 D HISTORY OP TIL
ARTICUL.ITED MOLLUSCOUSCLASSESOF ANIMALS.

On Wednesday evening Dr. Grant delivered his seventh
lecture.

The shells of the gasteropods are commonly met with in
the form of a cone. The limpet is one of the most simple
specimens of this order. But we observe these cones become
very much lengthened in some of the genus, 'especially in
those which we call stentalia ; indeed, so much so as to re-
semble the red blooded worm rather than the gasteropod.
Ot these cones there is an endless diversity. They generally
consist of spiral convolutions, closed at the apex and open at
the base. By this means the animals within have the means
of additional growth, without any necessity fur casting off
• their shells. Their shells are composed of carbonate and
phosphate of lime, agglutinated together with an albuminous
matter. A great change takes place in the form of many
of these shells during the lifetime of the animal, so that a
person not conversant with the subject would be apt to con-
sider the young and the adult shells to belong to different
species of animals. The animal is attached to the shell in-
ternally, but to the exterior of its body there is a thin cover-
ing of carbonate of lime, called the operculum, which closes
up the eptrance of the shell so as to protect the animal from
danger and enable it to retain a sufficient quantity of water
within the shell to supply its wants during the recession of
the tide. When the animal is alarmed it draws its opercu-
loin more within its shell, and thus forces out the water
which it was providing for such an important purpose. The
limpet has no operculum, as it fixes itself to the surface of the
rock, and the rock thus becomes its operculum. In the spiral
shell the body of the animal is fixed to the internal
column around which the spiral exterior forms itself.
There are a number of plants which are enabled to float upon
the surface of the water by means of the gases which they
secrete in their air sacs. These plants are the food of numer-
ous gasteropods which attach themselves to them. In this
manner, without being able to swim, many creatures belong-
ing to this tribe are enabled to,remain on the surface of the
ocean. Many of them, however, are attached to plants at the
bottom of the sea, or rise to the surface by their own buoy-
ancy. Several of the species feed upon animal matters, and
others upon,vegetable. The common garden snail belongs
to this order of animals.

The pteropods swim through the water by means of fins.
They in connnon with the gasteropods are perfectly organ-
ized for their condition in the water, whether destined to prey
upon animal or vegetable matters. Several of them seem to
be like the pelemites. On a beautiful still sunny evening,
the whole surface of the ocean swarms with myriads of them.
It is then that the contemplative naturalist can behold the
jiving habits of these animals, and conceive the uses of those
organs which they present upon their exteriors. Such is the
condition of the pteropods, which we seldom see unless in
this tranquil state of the ocean. Some of them abound in
such amazing abundance as to change the colour of the ocean,
others of them serve as food for whales. Both the gasteropods
and the pteropods assist in throwing down those layers of
calcareous matters which will form important strata i❑ our
globe at a future period. We find their remains in the sto-
machs oinumerous fishes, which show that predacious fishes,
make great havoc amongst this class of animals. Indeed, the
acalepha, and other floating animals, depend upon them for
food.

*ijipptna Entelligenct.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 24.—Wind W.N.W. Fair.

ARRlVED.—Havannah Packet, Dawson, from Bonny at this port,
sailed 234 June. The Mary sailed on the Bth, for this port. The
Laurel. Cooper, from this port, got on shore at the entrance of
New Calabar, received considerable damage, and was run into
Bonny in a very leaky state, and stranded in Bonny Creek, where
she was discharging.,- On the 19th August. in fat 47 3:2, long 17,
spoke the Edward, of Plymouth.—Syria. Currie, from Bombay at
this port, sailed Ist May. Ou the 20th July, in lat 4 13 N, long
21 40 W, spoke the Lady Stormont, hence for Rio Janeiro, wills
loss of topmast, and getting another up, and John Lawson, from.
Halifax for Pernambuco—Adam Lodge, Main, from Onega—Helie,
Landstrom, from Borgo—New Harriet, Urquhart, from ltiga—Ger-
mania, Frettin, from Stettin—Sophia, Wetherall, from Quebec—
Unity, Cragil, from St Petersburg—Ann, Larding, from Riga.
SAILED—Don Juan, 111`Comb, from Barbadoes.

Trinculo, Rea, from Singapore at Deal, sailed 26th April, from
Anjier 9th May, and Ascension II th July. On the sth May, in the
Straits of Banca, spoke the John Knox, from Singapore for London
Baboo, Brock, frog► Calcutta at Deal.
Canton, -, from Monte Video at Cowes
John Campbell, hence for Africa, was spoken on the 19th instant,
in tat 50, long 9
Ann Pettey, Champion, sailed from Marseilles for this port on
the 12th instant

Smyrna, Copland, hence for Morrison's Haven, at Peterhead,
leaky, hadheen repaired, and would proceed
Plata, -, from Lisbon, at Monte Video
Sylla, -, for Cowes, and Alpha, for Rotterdam, sailed
from Buenos Ayres, previous to 20th June

SATURDAY, AUGUST 25.—Wind South, moderate.
ARRIVED—Levant Packet, Reid ; William Roger, Mazarck, and
Margaret Marshall, Bryce, from Archangel—Hylton, Booth, and
Esther, Hutchinson, from St Petersburg.
SAlLED—Pennsyliania. Smith ; Hamilton, Bunting ; 'Carroll of
Carrollton, Bird ; Lewis Cass, Thatcher ; Napoleon, Sherry ; Geo-
net , Lyon, and Henry Leeds, Marshall, for New York—Lancaster,
Campbell, for Bombay—Victory, Jarvis, and Wilhelmina Maria,
Valentin, for Lisbon—Friheit, Meyer. for Lubeck—Nimrod, Man-
ning, and Monticello, Lawton, for Charleston—Savanilla, Ridley,
for CarthagenaDenmark, Lovett, and Trenton, Pratt, for Boston
Selsby, for Baltimore—Eliza Johnstone, Petrie, for Bahia
Calcutta, APLay ; Marion, Arthur; Josepha, M'lntvre ; Augusta,
Rae, and Ruby,Westcott, for Quebec—Charlotte, Malm, for Odessa
—Hercules, Mahn, for Elsinore—Ceres, Storm, for Braitestadt—
Sophia, ',clean, for Dordt,. Szc.—Alexander Brandt, Koncbe, for
Archangel—Treasurer, Lowrie, and Morayshire, Lamot, for Rio
Janeiro—Tods, M'Laren, for Pillau—Parker, Risien, for Demerara
—Dryad, Rickerty, for Sincapore--Minerra, Bradford, and Alle-
ghany, Michaels, for Philadelphia—Der Friede, Betulfeldt, for Lu-
beck—Ellen Ilighfield. Doughty,for Constantinople—Robert James
Baynes, Graham, for Trinidad—Eliza Sandars, Bulley, &c—Emily,
Wardle, for Pernambuco—Governor Fenner, Church, for Mobile—
Ludwig Wilnelm, Muller, from Konigsberg—La Reins, Jansen, for
Antwerp—Wnenslcapen, Tornwick, for Wyberg—Hermes, Oli-
phant, for Valparaiso—Edward Thorne, Tizard, and Quebec, Pye,
for St. John, N.B.—Divina, Baillie, for Riga—Nymph, Hughes, for
Rotterdam—Venerable, Martin, for Revel—lndustrie, Zellian, for
Ostend—Lune, Lotherington, and Atlantic, Seatle, for Miramichi
—Gesiena.. Rosenua, for Groningen—Salvatorinm, Giese, for Dan-
zie—Avoca,Boadle, for Cape Good Hope—Les Freres Unis, Debost,
for Brussells—Argo, Fretwurst, for Rostock—Chieftain, Peters, for
Alexandria. Egypt—Hercules, Raisbeek, for Shediac—Sir John
Franklin, Borthwick, for Matanzas—Atlas, Schmidt, for Antwerp
—Castlereagh, Keller, for Harbor Grace, &c.

Garrick, Palmer, hence for New York, off Kinsale, 20th August
Australia, Forrester, from Batavia, at'ganilla
Caledonia, Liddell, from China at ditto
Portfield, Sly, from Ceylon, at Penang
Elizabeth, Highat, from Bombay, at Sinea pore and sailed 16th
April for China
rue btratts of sunda
Canszar, hence for Batavia, was spoken 18th July, in lat.
3 S. long. 2u W,

- - -
Arettrusa, hence for Barbadoes, and Castilian Maid, from
Smyrna for this port, were spoken 10th August, in lat. 46, long. 10
Alexander, M urray, hence at Genoa
Berbice, Grayson, from Berbice, off Margate
Margaret, M °Hard. hence• for Leghorn, and Pembroke, Lillian,
hence for Rouen, at Kingstown
MILFORD, Aug. z:.—The Queen of the South, Gillard, from Li-
verpool for Newfoundland, drove athwart the hawse of the Barba-
does, from Newport for Trieste, last night and both received damage

SUNDAY, AUGUST 26. Wind W.N W. Moderate.

AR ItiVE n—Abl;otsfortl, Broadfoot, from Bombay—Earl Grey,
Adams, from Calcutta—Mediterranean, Child, from Africa—War-
rings-ford, M'Gibbon, from Barbadoes—Limena, Snowden, from
Nassau—Jacob Pennell, Martin, from'New Orleans—Thames, Ar-
nold, and Courier, Duggan, from Mobile—Ceres, Blanchard, from
.Savannah—ltupee, Appleton, from Charlestim—Ward, Masters,
from St. John, N.B.—Anne, Seager, from Gireenti—Oporto,
from Oporto—Andromeda, --, from Quebec
SAILv D —Porter, Porter, for Adelaide, (South Astralia)—Dorset,
Bishop, for Australia—Java, Ilogarth, for Demerara.

Baboo, Brock, from Calcutta, at London
Trinculo, Rea, from Sincapore, at ditto •
Trinacria, Lagana, hence at Palermo, and sailed 31st July for
Messina

Margaretha. Boomgard, hence at Zooltkamp
Vigilante, ltentel, hence at Pillau
Friedericke, Moller, hence at Kiel
Lorette, Voss, and Friederick, Zoage, hence at Warnemuncle

Scylla, Scott, from Buenos Ayres for Rotterdam, off Falmouth,
On the 22d June, in lat 32, long. 29, spoke the Reindeer hence for
Buenos Ayres
Aliquis. M'Fee, from Bombay, at this port ; sailed 11th April.
On the 24th June. in lat. 27 19 S, long. 6 10 E, spoke the Kingfisher,
from Muscat for London, out 65 days. On the Ist Aug. in lat. `2353
N, long. 34 54 W, spoke the Christina, hence for Berbice, out 26
days. On the 11th Aug. in lat. 39 N. long 32 40 W, spoke the Al-
pha, from Buenos Ayres for Rotterdam, out 52 days. On the 17th
Aug. hi lat. 43 50, long. 25 5 W, spoke the Hector, from Bombay.
for this port. Left loading Hector, for this port, and Triumph, fur
London

PALERMO, 4th Aug.—The Levant, Cundy, from Smyrna for Fal-
mouth, went on shore near Magara 29th July, and is so imbedded
in the sand that part of her cargo must be discharged to get her off

MONDAY, AUGUST 27.

ARRIVED.—Gulnare, Ilendeison, from Bombay—La Dawa,
Rabot, from Senegal and Bourdeaux—Bradshaw. —, from
Quebec—Neptune, Parker, from Newfoundland—Castilian Maid,
Scott, from Smyrna—Stranger, Searchwell, from Archangel—and
Mary Brade,Hies, from Stettin.

Unity, Kendall, and Mary, Lyons, from Rio Grande. at Monte
Video

diary Queen of Scotts, Killey, hence for Pernambuco, was
spoken 20th Ang. in lat. 45, long. 11
Gratitude, White, hence for Berbadoes, was off Youghall 24th
instant

Black-eyed-Susan, Watkins, from Smyrna. off Falmouth
Emma, Cole, from Leghorn, off Falmouth, and proceeded for
Liverpool
_ _ _ _

- - -
Ilebden, Fowler, from Licata, at the Clyde 12th instant ; in lat.
4.2, long. 12 W, fell in with, and took on board a boat, with two
ladies and a gentleman, passengers, also two of the crew, of the
American brig Briganza, from Philadelphia for Genoa : the crew
of which vessel had mutinied, and murdered the captain and mate
Eliza Grant, fsom New Orleans, at Havre, and aground in the
Dock, with loss of main and mizen masts, having been on shore
and struck the pier going in
. Mary, Tascar, from Africa, at this port; sailed from Bonny Bth
June, and from Fernando Po 15th June. Left at Fernando Po.
11.M.5. Pylades, with the Portuguese Schooner Prova, captured
3rd June, of Old Calabar, with slaves on board
Wilton Wood, Russell, from Monte Video, at this port; sailed
24th June. Left the Argentina, loading for Liverpool ;. ground
tier of tallow on board; and the Kclsick Wood, and Yare, for the
Continent