The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-04-12 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 1853.

which is being-wagde in France between the two parties into
which the Popish Church is divided in that country.
It was the policy of Louis XIV. not only to secure an indivi-
sible monarchy for France, but to render that monarchy as
independent as possible of all other powers, spiritual ortem-
poral. The celebrated Bossuet entered into the views of the
monarch as it respected the liberties of Roman Cath o 1 c.F ran ce,
and it seemed necessary to oppose some harrier to fhe encroach-
ing power of the Pope, through means of the Jesuits. In 1682,
the French bishops met in full congress, and, at the suggestion
of Bossuet, they established what are called the " Galilean
liberties." The substance of those liberties is simply this, that
they restrict the authority of the Popes in France, ancligive a
certain independence to the bishops. But the Popes found
defenders of their pretensions to absolute authority, and the
doctrine of complete submission to the " Vicar of .Chirst on
earth" (so they call the Bishop of Rome) has always' been
known since by the name of Ultra-Montane, because
it was a doctrine chiefly defended by partisans of the
Popes beyond the mountains, or Alps. Those who
opposed this very high church doctrine were in one
sense Protestants ; and when the followers of Jaueenius
added more scriptural views of the essential doc-
trines of Christianity, the breach became wider, until at
length the Pope issued his famous bull, Unigenetus, in
which the Jansenists' doctrines were condemned to the
amount of 103 solid denouncements. During the whole
of last century,lwith some exceptions, the Gallican Church
remained undisturbed in the enjoyment of its liberties, such
as they were. The bishops were nominated by the King, and
by a simple ratification of the choice from Rome, and during
the whole of the reign of Louis XVIII., Charles X., and •Louis
Philippe, the Popes were content to remain in the position
which Bossuet had placed them. The revolution of 1848, how-
ever, bore to the surface an amount of Ultramontanism such
as France had not been able to bear for two centuries. The
cry of socialism had frightened the community into spiri-
tual despotism. The Jesuits, who had been expelled by Louis
Philippe, rushed into France from Italy and Switzerland, and
they began to think that their dominion was now sufficiently
strong, and their influence so necessary to the President of the
Republic, that they might gain a victory over Gallicanism.
The fact, however, turned out to be that a great number of
ecclesiastics were neither Ultra-Montanists nor Jesuists, but
attached to the opinion of Bossuet and Pascal. The great
organ of the Ultra-Montanist party is the journal called the
Univers, ;conducted by the chief editor M. Veuillot and Jules
Goudon. The former of these gentlemen is scarcely inferior in
burning zeal for the Catholic faith to the editor of the Tablet.
In an article, not long ago, upon the evils of Protestantism,
M. Veuillot thus wrote :—" 'Phey have done well in burning
John Huss; it is a great pity they did not burn Luther and all
the reformers. No one can say how much blood the
Reformation has caused to be spilt ; and we may
soon see such a thing again." This is the journal which is
now upholding the absolute dominion of the Pope i n all
spiritual and ecclesiastical matters ; and, of course, as some of
our semi-Papists express it, all temporal accidents of spiritual
matters, such as the conterring of dignities and benefices,
&c. ; but the advocacy of the Univers has been carried to such
a length on behalf of Papal dominion ; and the subjects which
M. Veullot (as good a Catholic as Mr. Lucas) has presumed to
handle, have called down upon him and his journal a fulmi-
natory censure from the Archbishop of Paris, who is a man for
Gallican liberty : that prelate, who was the creation of General
Cavignac in the time of the Republic, has condemned and
prosecuted in his diocese this said journal, and declared the
doctrines maintained therein to be dangerous to religion. The
Bishop of Viviers has done the same, and they are joined by
the Bishops of Verdun and Chartres. On the other hand, tha
Archbishop of Avignon, joined by the Bishops of Moulins and
Chalons, have taken the Univers tinder their protection, and
reproved their Metropolitan Archbishop for his presumption—
so there is pastoral against pastoral,—and the united flock has
become two bands. The Archbishop of Paris next complains
to Pope Pius IX. of the impertinence of his Archiepiscopal
colleague of Avignon, and M. Veuiilot, the cause belli, hastens
to Rome to pray the Holy Father to set him up or cast him
down, for he is willing to submit either way. His humble
request has been placed before the Pope; but the matter is so
perplexing that up to this time, as far as I know, the editor of
the Univers has got no further than the Pope's anti-chamber.
Now in this most serious ecclesiastical quarrel, in which all
men see what is the unity of the Christian Church, the
Emperor of the French is as a dead lock. If he takes part
with the defender of Gallican independence, he must
alter the Concordat which his uncle made with Rome
when he set up the Roman Catholic Church again in
France in 1802; and, as Louis Napoleon considers his uncle's
decrees as infallible as the Pope's, and would by no means alter
Napoleonian ideas, he naturally wishes that M. Veuillot had
never existed, or that lie had gone and joined the Tablet in Ire-
land before this mischief dire was brewed. But if he declines
to admit more of the Ultramontane element, and declares for
Bossuet and Pascal, the Jesuits, who have now possession
of the education of the country; the Grey Sisters and Black
Sisters, with 3379 small colonies, the brothers of different
degrees in confraternities assembled, will begin to enumerate
their services in the management of universal suffrage,
and no Papal hands will put the Imperial Crown on the heads
of their Majesties of six months' old. It is said that other de-
mands for increasing the priestly power in France, and re-
ducing Protestantism to submission, have been made as the
price of an apostolic benediction, but it may be hoped that
there is still spirit enough in the French people to resist these
attempts to destroy what remains of the religious liberties of
France.

We regret having to abridge the long and eloquent address of
Mr. Burgess, which was of great value, containing nothing but
recent information and facts which are intimately connected
with questions at present agitating the British mind.
At this stage of the proceedings a collection was made, after
which
The Rev. W. H. WRIGHT moved a resolution to the effect
that the persecution of their brethren in France demands
the sympathy, and prayers, and succour of all who live in this
privileged country. under the Protestant principles for
which our Reformers died; and that it has cause to rejoice
in the fact that the persecutions to which the Reformed Church
on the Continent are now liable, serve to strengthen such as do
stand, to correct the weak-hearted, and to establish those
churches daily which contain such as shall be saved.
ADAM Honosoy, Esq., seconded the resolution, which was
agreed to with unanimous cordiality.
The doxology having been sung and the benediction pro-
nounced, the proceedings terminated at a little after nine o'clock.

THE JOURNEYMEN BOOT AND SHOEMAKERS.—MEET-
ING YESTERDAY.—Yesterday forenoon, a crowded meet-
ing of the journeymen boot and shoemakers was held in
the Concert-hall, to take into consideration the present
condition of the trade. Mr. Ralph was called to the
chair ; and resolutions were passed to the effect, that the
present condition of the trade called for their serious con-
sideration, with a view of better arrangements being en-
tered into between employers and employed—that the
elevation of the trade could only be accompanied by a
judicious system of organisation—and that it behoved
every boot and shoemaker, who desired to secure for him-
self and his fellow-workmen a fair and just remuneration
for their labour, immediately to join one or other of
the several branches of the trade's society. Several
of the speakers complained of the inadequate rate of
remuneration ; and, from the tone of the meeting, we
should not be surprised to hear of a strike in a short time.

ECCLESIASTICAL.

DIOCESE OF CHESTER.

Preferments : The Rev. Arthur Willink to the Stipen-
diary Curacy of St. Catherine's Church, Tranmere, in the
County of Chester, on thenomination of the Rev. Benedict
Arthure, the incumbent.—The Worshipful the Chancellor
of this Diocese has appointed the Rev. Henry Mildred
Birch, Rector of Prestwich, in the County of Lancaster,
one of his Surrogates for matters relating to the probate
of wills and grant of letters of administration.
Vacancies: The Rectory of Taxall, in the County of
Chester, by resignation of the Rev. John Champion.
Patron, Rev. J. Champion. Value £250, with a house.—
The Perpetual Curacy of Chelford, in the parish of Prest-
bury, in the County of Chester, by resignation of the Rev.
Granville John Granville. Patron, J. Dixon, Esq. Value
£135.

PARIS FASHIONS FOR APRIL.

(FROM THE COURT JOURNAL.)

Longchamps is over. The seal of Longchamps is set
upon our fashions for the rest of the year, and against
the fiat no appeal is now possible. Much had been done
to render it more brilliant this year than it has been since
the Revolution of MIS ; and as far as the number of
carriages was concerned, and the congregation of people
assembled, success did certainly attend the effort; but
the uncongenial weather rendered such efforts useless for
the follower of fashion, whose curiosity was the first day
entirely defeated by the closed carriages and many
wrappers with which the fair forms of the ladies were
concealed. The second day was somewhat more pro-
mising, while the third was all that could be wished to
favour the display of spring toilets, which abounded in
all their freshness and glory.
The great novelty in silk dresses seemed to be the robe
Cleopfitre, perhaps the most elegant design which has
appeared in our day. It is perfectly distingul, while
producing the most striking effect. There were several
dresses of divers colours. The Duchess de Beauffremont
was attired in a robe Cleopiltre of pale lilac, the broad
stripes, three in number, which ornamented the bottom
of the skirt, of three shades darker than the dress, were
divided by rows of narrow dark green velvet, which,
lying upon the interval of lighter shade, had a most
charming effect. The Princess of Hohenlohe wore one
of these robes Cleo; fare, of rose-coloured taffetas, with
rows of black velvet upon the lighter stripe ; and Madame
Lebon a dress of the same fashion, Pomona green, with
black velvet also. Flounces seemed to be much out of
favour, and in general the showy, stylish, though some-
what theatrical Spanish style of costume, seems destined
to become general for the ensuing year. Thus, but few
dresses are made with bodies of the same material.
Jackets of fine black cashmere, bordered with Wallachian
trimming, or of velours mousseline, edged with fine jet
passementerie, are universally worn. and considered
exceedingly becoming. These jackets fit close to the
figure, have merely the basques below the waist. These
basques are edged with fringe, which falls over the hips,
and diminishes marvellously the size of the waist. Some,
indeed, may be considered mere bodies, reaching only to
the waist; and edged with lace so broad that the effect is
that of a double petticoat of rich lace falling over the
skirt of the dress. When this bodice is worn, however,
the skirt is invariably of the stoutest quality of damask,
very full and long, with a slight train behind. So great
is the sudden adoption of ornamental skirts for promenade
and carriage wear, that several dresses, even of plain
silk, were beheld at Lonchamps, with many rows of fine
jet braid, diminishing gradually in width as they ascended
towards the waist. The effect of this trimming is strik-
ingly original and peculiar. Madame Lehon's dust-
coloured silk thus trimmed, with the jacket of black
moire richly decorated with braid and jet, was greatly
admired. The bonnets were all made to wear very low
behind. Several were seen with a wreath of roses or
marguerites encircling the crown, and supported by full
bunches of velvet ribbon, with long floating ends on
either side. Beneath the brim is laid a quilling of blond,
above which a delicate wreath of roses pompons is placed
to lie across the forehead. Gold and silver flowers in
transparent capoles, both black and white, are likewise
much worn, in spite of the opposition which the fashion
has met with on the part of every milliner of taste. The
most remarkable costume of all those displayed at Long-
champs consisted of a dress of delicate jautze paille glace'
silk, richly ornamented with seven rows of embroidery
ha the finest coral. The jacket of the same embroidered
to correspond, and the basques finished by coral fringe,
about three inches in depth. A manic al' Armenienne
of black velvet thrown back to display the embroidery of
the dress, a bonnet of fancy straw, lined and trimmed
with violet-coloured velvet, with bunches of sea-weed
advancing very forward on the passe, composed the most
striking features of this elegant costume, and attracted
much observation. Feathers are but little worn in
bonnets, flowers of the richest hue and texture have
successfully replaced them for the moment. A few
attempts to revive the ostrich feather trimmings, in vogue
some thirty years ago, were attended, however, with
success. These trimmings, used as borders to cloaks
and mantles, have been in some little favour amongst the
opulent ladies of the Chaussee d'Antin.
The novelty in gloves consists in their being made
gauntlet fashion, and decorated with long tassels at the
wrist. Buttons of precious stones, even brilliants, are
used to close the opening of the glove, which, according
to the new fashion, is turned outside. Bows of ribbon,
so much the fashion last month, are completely exploded,
and replaced by agraffes of jewellery, worn even in pro-
menade costume. This fashion, which would have
shocked us some few years ago, appears natural enough
now that gold and silver are no longer compelled to seek
the glare of the ball room to excuse their brilliancy, but
display themselves on bonnets and dresses even in the
broad light of day. Ball dresses have undergone but little
change since our last. The time of Lent is unfavourable
to change. The calottes of flowers are still worn with
great success, and the papillon of net, covered with
daisies and violets, worn by the Empress at the last ball
of the Tuileries, promises to become generally adopted.
Satin dresses, entirely covered with Guipure lace, and
ornamented with garlands of white roses, have been the
rage for young married ladies, while mousseline de sole of
every nuance is the sole article in vogue for the ball dress
of young ladies.

CORRESPONDENCE.

Letters addressed to the Editor should be accompanied by the
real name and address of the writer, not for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith ; this is indispensably requisite
in any statement of facts.
The Editor wishes it to be understood that he does not hold
himself responsible for the opinions or statements of his
correspondents.

STATE OF EASTHAM CHURCH.

To the EDITOR of the LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

Sia,—As you have allowed to appear in your columns some
remarks on the present state of Eastham Church, perhaps you
will have the goodness to grant a like publicity to the following.
Being interested in the subject of church accommodation,
and the regulation of public worship, I paid a visit to Eastham
Church, and made some inquiry into the disposition of the
parishioners towards these matters. I perceive the Church to
be in some respects such as your correspondent, "A Regular
Churchman," had! described—damp, cold, open in the roof,
and much out of repair. I cannot speak particularly as to the
colours on the walls—" rust, must, and dust" may be their
appropriate names, as they are nailed by " A Regular Church-
man," who appears to know something of colouring; but the
interior arrangement of the Church is altogether opposed to
ecclesiastical taste—ill-adapted for uniform devotion,—which
matters appear to have had an injurious influence on at least
one member of the congregation. Not having seen the clerk,
I cannot judge of the arrangement of his hair—the subject of
your correspondent's solemn and seasonable contemplations;
but I have ascertained that Easthain Church is in the precise
state that the parishioners desire; for, at a vestry meeting
lately convened to consider the propriety of reparing the
Church, a large majority decided that a rate sufficient for that
purpose should not be levied.
Though not a parishioner of Eastham, yet knowing that talk
is cheap, I have ventured to tax your kindness to allow me, as
well as " A Regular Churchman," to do something for Eastham
Church.—l am, Sir, yours, &c., VIATOR.
Eastham, April 5, 1833.

LONG SERMONS AND BAD VENTILATION.

To the EDITOR of the LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

SIR,—You are doing great service to the public by admitting
into your columns remonstrances on the subject of long
sermons and badly-ventilated Churches. With regard to the
latter, it does not follow that because the effects are not imme-
diate, or inconveniently perceptible to the congregation, that
the air of a crowded Church is not foul. On the contrary,
some people can sit in a foul, obnoxious atmosphere, without
being at all sensible of it : and I could point out a Church or
two where the atmosphere soon becomes foul, especially in the
gallery, where there is not a crevice or a window open to allow
a change of air to take place. But a word or two upon long
sermons. Some people are apt to think that we can never
have too much of a good thing. This is a mistake: for too
much of a good thing satiates and in time disgusts. We
should, moreover, be governed by a consideration for the feel-
ings of others,—not rdways be guided by our own. The young,
the old, the delicate in health, cannot endure a long service—it
becomes irksome and unprofitable to them, and keeps many
persons away from Church who otherwise would attend regu-
larly. It would be far better if the Church services were re-
duced in length, and more services during the Sunday held in
each Church; and the additional services should be especially
devoted to the poor,,who should be invited to attend, and then
it mizht he said " that the poor have the Gospel preached to
them." lam far from wishing to be thought ungrateful for
the indefatigable devotions of the clergy ; I merely seek to
point out where much good might be effected, and some trifling
incongruities avoided.—Believe me to be, Sir, your very humble
correspondent,

A LOVER OF PURE AIR AND SHORT SERMONS.
Liverpool, April 6, 1853.

LETTERS ON FAMILIAR SUBJECTS.—No. V.

" WHAT'S IN A NAME ?"

To the EDITOR of the LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

SIR,-Our glorious Will Shakspere puts the above question,
and answers it in a way as if he thought there was nothing in
it. It may be true that a rose by any other name would smell
as sweet, but if we called something of an opposite character
by the same name, we should soon begin to associate our idea
of it with anything but the pleasant truth. It is too much the
practice at the present day to misuse terms, and call things by
names which do not belong to them ; and the defence for this
is, that, so long as the meaning is understood, it matters little
about the term that may be employed. It is the conclusion
thus arrived at I am anxious to dispute, as I feel convinced
that much of the erroneous opinion which prevails in the public
mind is owing to the carelessness and disregard of the impor-
tance of names.

There is a political party, formed of the dregs of faction,
which have assumed the style of Liberal; and this phrase has
been conceded to them by those who know their utter hollow-
nes.s and selfishness, with a total forgetfuluess that its effect
has been to betray numbers of unthinking people into the belief
that the policy of the party is identified with the attractive
word which is applied to it. There could not be a more dan-
gerous error, and all owing to carelessness in the use of names.
In matters of religion this unconcern as to the importance of
names is far more apparent, and, at the same time, more likely
to prove injurious in its results. Take, for instance, the words
Catholic and Protestant, which are almost universally mis-
applied. In our creed we speak of the Holy Catholic Church,
and yet by public writers and speakers, and in ordinary con-
versation, we have the term almost exclusively devoted to the
Romish Church, which, perhaps, has the least claim to it of
any. It is part of the policy of Rome to have its claim to being
Catholic believed in; and we have unwittingly Tavoured the
deception, by conceding to them a name which it was the
object of the Reformation practically to deny. Had the Church
of Rome been what it professes, there had been no need of the
Reformation ; bat it lost its claim to be called Catholic by
teaching distinctive doctrines, and overlaying the pure Catholic
faith of the primitive Church with vain deceits and gross fables.
The true meaning of the word, as applied to Christianity, is
comprised in those doctrines which were common to the whole
Church before it was divided and corrupted; and, as the Refor-
mation was the restoring of our own branch to the purity of
the primitive faith, the Church of England has a real claim to
the term Catholic which Rome has forfeited. It is, indeed, a
contradiction in terms, to speak of Rome, with her mariolatry,
idolatry, and other peculiar tenets, and use the word Catholic.
To say Roman Catholic, we may as well say particular general,
while the English Church may, with propriety, be termed so,
because she teaches nothing which was not taught and believed
by the Apostles and early Christians. Another error in ordi-
nary use is, to apply the term " the Pope" to the Bishop of
Rome. The believers in his infallibility style him so; lie claims
to be at the head of the Christian Church, and as such is the
Pope, as distinguished from all other Pores or Bishops ; but
when our Church was reformed, we'denied his supremacy, and,
consequently, his right to the title, but by conceding the latter
we virtually admit the former, although we practically deny it.
Had we been as jealous for the honour of the King of Heaven
as for that of our temporal Sovereign, we should have repu-
diated the phrase ; for, be it remembered, it was a political
offence to apply the term King to the banished Stuart; who was
better known as the Pretender. Again, there is the word
Papist, which, though intended to mean a believer in the supre-
macy of the Pope or Bishop of Rome, implies strictly a believer
in episcopacy, and would, therefore, apply to any Churchman.
As Englishmen, the word Romanist should alone be used when
speaking of members of the Church of Rome, and their bead
should be styled the Bishop of Rome. The advantage would
be that much of that prestige would be destroyed which too
often attaches in weak minds to the pompous pretensions of
that dangerous heresy.
In the minor affairs of life, perhaps, there is less conse-
quence from the disregard of what is in a name; yet, at the
same time, it tends to a slovenly style of language, and a cor-
ruption of our beautiful mother tongue. How often is it that
misconstruction arises through the speaker believing that his
hearers know what he means, instead of his really expressing
it. It is in effect a substitution of what may be termed slang
for graceful propriety ; and though, from its almost impercep-
tible growth, we cannot 'see all the mischief, we may form some
idea of what our language may become from the specimens
which are now and then brought to us from across the Atlantic.
Absurdities and quaint conceits may serve to point a jest and
excite a smile; but our youth should beware how they admit
many of our modern writers and speakers to form their models
for our language, or they may find the difficulties of unlearning
almost insuperable, and the rich storehouse of English litera-
ture almost a dead letter.
• • '

..............._
It would be tedious to particularise the many instances in
which words are misapplied; but I mg), especially allude to
the assumption of titles by those who have no right to them.
As a loyal subject, I have always considered the Sovereign to
be the fountain of honour, and no distinctions to be valid but
those conferred by her or by her authority ; yet how often are
degrees conferred by foreigners recognised here, and even the
mock dignities of voluntary societies. The use of initials after
a person's name often bespeak only his trade or profession,
though by the rules of etiquette they should only be borne as
a distinction. The word chapel is commonly applied to a Dis-
senters' meeting-house, though by law it only belongs to a
building consecrated or licensed by the Bishop for Divine
worship. I have, however, said enough to show that, despite
the authority of Will Shakspere, there should be something in
a name, though modern custom seems about to confound all
distinctions between the real and the pretended.—l am, Sir,
yours, &c., EPHRA.

AN OLD SOLDIER, at the birth of a child at the dig.
gings, instantly seeing his chance, went round with his
hat for the little stranger--the first child born at the dig-
gings ! The value of the hatful was found to amount to
about £3,000.
BLAIR'S GOUT AND RHEUMATIC PlLLS.—Extract of a
letter, written by John Molard "W heeler, Esq., Collector
of Customs, Jamaica, having been handed by his brother,
at Swindon, to Mr. Prout, for publication :—" I know
you have never bad occasion to take Blair's Pills, but let
me emphatically tell you, in mercy to any friend who may
suffer from gout, rheumatic gout, lumbago, sciatica, rheu-
matism, or any branch of that widely-allied family, to
recommend their using them. In this country they are
of wonderful efficacy ; not only am I personally aware of
their powers, but I see my friends and acquaintances re-
ceiving unfailing benefit from their use. I would not be
without them on any account. If taken in the early stage
of disease they dissipate it altogether : if in a later, they
alleviate pain, and effect a much speedier cure than by any
other means within my knowledge. Sold by Thomas
Prout, 229. Strands London ; and by all respectable Me-
dicine Vendors throughout the kingdom.

AUSTRALIA.-POLITICAL AND SOCIAL.

We extract the following particulars from a letter, which
has just been received by the Great Britain. It has been
forwarded to us " for the benefit of those who have not
maturely considered the risk of encountering the hardships
which the gold digger must endure. As the letter vas
not written for publication, the apparent flippancy of the
style may be excused, yet the genuine feeling and honesty
of expression, added to the importance of the subject, will,
to many persons, in some measure be interesting."
" November 29, 1852.
" My last was dated from Moonlight Creek, or, as I
persist in calling it, " Moonshine Gully." We have been
most signally unsuccessful there; our loss (not including
time, which here is worth at the lowest valuation 10s. per
diem) amounting to upwards of £l5O ; we are rapidly,
however, making up the loss, and, no doubt, will soon be
proportionately fortunate. Our post-office managers have
not, as yet, allowed me the happiness of receiving any
letters by the Great Britain, or any other vessels ; the
former arrived about three weeks ago, and her mails are
not yet assorted, without they have accomplished the
Herculean task to-day. You will understand from this
that 1 have not heard from you yet, and, to say the truth,
am beginning to be very anxious and very angry with all
post-office authorities.
"New diggings have broken out at Mount Korough
Krong, about 150 miles from Melbourne, and from here,
150 miles in the interior, whither I purpose transporting
myself as soon as the reports are confirmed. If Liverpool
papers deign to notice us little ones at the Antipodes, you
will most probably get a faint idea of the state of things
here ;—the government incapable, minus energy, the con-
fidence of the people must either change or vanish. The
other day they attempted to put on an extra 2s. Gd. per
ounce on gold ; the miners very coolly told his excellency
that if the said duty were levied, one man fully armed,
provisioned for fourteen days, out of each party, would
leave the diggings for Melbourne, for the express purpose
of knocking the said city about his ears. Of course, after
that, the bill stands ordered to he read again some six
months hence. The London Times may sneer at the
" vagabonds" of Mount Alexander. of which I happen to
be one • but I tell the Times that England cannot plant a
physical force in Victoria sufficient to control us. A troop
of "lobsters," arrived about a month ago, have deserted for
the diggings, or, as the diggers eloquently term it, have
" sloped,', and the " sloping" of the rest is momentarily
expected ; every soldier and sailor setting foot on this
colony becomes at once a digger ; now this will show a
rather queer state of things when taken into consideration
with the hourly murders, robberies, and libertinism.
" The intant colony is now grown up, and longs to act
like a man. God forgive the British government if,
through any of their supineness, bloodshed and ruin deso-
late our gold fields. Without a good stand is soon made
by an energetic government, holding the good will of the
people, " vagabonds" dire will be the result, and the
colony of Victoria will be lost to the British Crown. I
have watched well, and cannot foresee any other termina-
tion ; every miner appears to be a better soldier than ever
was manufactured in England • inured to hardship and
toil, they would make a whole file of " lobsters" shudder.
What care they for the threats of the government ? Our
number is now somewhere about 350,000 able-bodied men,
nearly all with a strong energy and fixed purpose • they
laugh at hardships, they know the country, and despise
the London Times. You need not fear for my safety, for
though I shall never shrink from what I consider my duty,
yet I shall not take the trouble of interfering with what
does not concern me. I have long tried to hide this state
of things from myself, but feel I must tell you, lest it
should come to you through any other channel, and create
any uncalled-for uneasiness. They may fight as long as
they like before I have anything to do with it, unless they
attempt to rob us of a trifle like 2s. Gd. per diem, which,
I can positively assure you, they will not get from me
except by force. Eighteen pounds per annum is quite
enough to be taxed, without £2O or £3O more tacked
to it."

" 18th December.—l wrote the above intending to send
the letter by the Great Britain, but as I discovered it
would not sail until the Ist of next month, I deferred it
until now. The above words have turned out partially
prophetic, even so far; the government officers have been
successfully resisted at the Ovens, one of the gold fields,
about 200 miles from Melbourne, and, as might have been
expected, a demonstration was arranged to make them
remit the license for the current month ; happily no real
damage was done, barring, as Paddy says, a tittle ill usage.
I intend leaving this gully on Monday for Campbell's
Creek, this place being so uncomfortable. I have not
heard a word from any English person since I left, so you
may imagine the miserable state of suspense lam in. A
journey to Melbourne would be to me ruinous for six
months, so I must bear it stoically ; but it is almost too
much, not a single consolation in all this hardship,
banishment, and half savageism. * * W. M. W.

LETTER FROM A LIVERPOOL OPERATIVE
IN MELBOURNE.

The following extracts are taken from a letter received
last week by the wife of a Liverpool artisan, who is now
settled in Melbourne :

" South Australia, Melbourne, Jan. 1, 1853.

"My dear Kate,—l am just writing these few lines in
a hurry, to send by the Great Britain, if possible. Thank
God I have arrived safe at my journey's end, after a very
pleasant passage • and I am further thankful that you
and my dear children are at home, for this place is so
crowded with passengers, who are arriving daily, that
lodgings are not to be had at any price ; the consequence
is, that all the new corners are obliged to live in tents,
which they bring with them, or make them out of their
sheets, and pitch on a piece of ground allotted for that
purpose by the government. There are 500 tents here at
present ; and I assure you it is a most miserable life ; for
when the hot winds blow they are smothered with dust.
All the women wish that they had remained at home, and
let their husbands come out by themselves. We arrived
in the bay on Wednesday, December 22, and landed on
Friday the 24th, and our Chrismas Eve was spent in the
bush. About thirteen of us slept together. Everything
here is very dear except meat, tea, coffee, and bread,
which is 3d. per lb. Cheese is 2s. per lb. ; ham, 2s. 6d. ;
butter, 2s. 6d. • cabbage, 2s. for a single head : in fact,
money is no object here. They think no more of a pound
here than they do in England of a sixpence. As regards
my trade, I have had no chance as yet ; for there are a
great many here of all trades at present, as there are not
so many going to the diggings at present, in consequence
of it being the dry season ; but in about a month or six
weeks the rainy season will commence, and there will be
a great many going. As it is, a good many have come
down to town to spend the Christmas, and the town being
so throng, it makes situations rather bad to be got at
present; but never mind your trade, you must turn your
hand to anything. I have got a situation in a soapery,
at a salary of £2 per week, with my board and lodgings,
which is equal to another £2, as I should have to pay
that in the town ; so my salary is £2OO a-year. I am
going to. day, and begin on Monday morning. So, my
dear girl, in a week or two I shall be able to forward you
a few pounds, together with a long description of the
country. I have an account of the voyage, which I will
also send you. Thank God, I have had the best of
health ; not an hour's sickness since I left you—not even
sea sickness."
To his mother he writes
I know not what change may have taken place since
I left you ; but I trust in God that you are well ; that
you are still in your situation ; and that my dear little
George is with you. Keep him, if possible, and see that
he is sent to a good school and regular to church. With
God's blessing, I will be able to send some money in a
week or two, which will enable my dear Kate to en-
joy a little more comfort than she has done lately, and
also to repay you in a short time for what you have
lately done for us. I have got as good a situation as I
could expect at the present time ; it is about three miles
out of Melbourne, in a country place. lam out of all
temptations of the town, and I shall not need to spend
sixpence a month. Pray for me ; learn George to do the
same ; and, please God, we shall not be long separated.
Remember me to J ; I hope he looks to my little
Willy, as he promised me : I shall not forget him. I
will send a full account of the state of things here in my
next letter. But one thing is sure, that all women can
do well here. Excuse my writing, for I sin writing this
on my knee, sitting in Mr. Williams' tent, who occupied
the next berth to us in the ship."

YEARS ENDED APRIL 5.
1852. 1853. Incr. Decr.
£ £
Customs 18,827,828 18,513,189 .... 314,639
Excise 13,182,698 13,385,493 202,800 ....
Stamps.
Taxes
Property Tax 5,283,800 5,593,043 309,243 ....
Post Office 1,051,000 1,045,000 .... 6,000
Crown Lans 190,000 252,000 62,000 .
Miscellaneous 192,000 271,514 79,514
Imprest, &c 522,686 714,718 192,632 ....
Repayments of
Advances.
Total Income . 49,591,807 50,512,806 1,738,593 817,594
Deduct decrease.
Increase on the Year 920,999 ....
QUARTERS ENDED APRIL 5.
1852. 1853. Incr. Decr.
X
Customs .. 4.633,267 4,451,238 ... 182,193
Exci5e........ 2,078,171 2,105,331 28,517 ....
Stamps. ..... . 1,515,985 1,657,749 141,764 .
Taxes
Property Tax 2,068,827 2,152,233 83,406
Post Office 259,000 282,000 23,000 ..
Crown Lans BO,OOO 72,000 .... 8,000
Miscellaneous
Imprest, &c 18,631 113,558 276,687 395,980
Repayments
Sale of Stores 121,810 107,538 80,655 .. • .
Total Income. 11,201,080 11,244,500 440,593 395,980
Deduct Decrease.
-- ---
Increase on the Quarter

Increase on the Quarter

A WRITER in the Athenceum remarks :—" We may
mistrust teetotalism, as an empirical mode of manufac-
turing a virtue, tending to warp and corrupt the victim
into superstitions as deleterious as the sin abandoned,—
but we have learned to look more coldly than our ances-
tors did on bottle-wit and philosophy, the sequel to which
is hypochondriacal nausea, and maudlin penitence. The
set bids as fair to become an obsolete animal in English
society as the amateur prize-fighter."