The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-04-21 00:00:00

THE THIRD OR SUTTON CONTRACT.

This contract extends from the termination of the preced-
ing, at Plimyard brook, three miles and seventeen chains, to
near the southern boundary of the township of Ledsham.
The excavation was computed to be 200,500 cubic yards, of
which upwards of one-half had to be cast upon the adjoining
land in spoil banks, and the remainder to be carried to the
Plimyard embankment. Here a continuous road is carried
to Sutton-Hall-lane, an extent of two miles ; the bridges are
all built, and a considerable portion of permanent way laid
down. A short length of cutting only remains. Beyond
Sutton-lane there is about a quarter of a mile of cutting done
last year, but full of water for want of drainage, the country
being here very flat. An arrangement has, however, recently
been made with a landowner, for the accomplishment of a
drain to a brook, so that this obstacle will be overcome.
The masonry and brick-work, computed at 4,340 cubic yards
is nearly finished. Until latterly there were heavy cuttings
to accomplish, and 400 men and 50 horses were for some
time employed. In this division the road still continues to
rise slightly (1 in 686), and attains its maximum height at its
crossing of the Capenhurst road, in the parish of Shotwick,
,in the next contract. Beyond Plimyard brook, the remainder
of the length is below the surface of the fields, so that there
is little to remark upon in the way of prospect, though the
country on each side is occasionally interesting.
[Wire are compelled, from the length of our report of the
meeting yesterday, to postpone the remainder of our corres-
pondent's sketch, including the Mostyn contract, until
Friday.]

FlRE.—About two o'clock on Sunday morning, flames
were seen issuing from the roof of Mr. Thomas Gregory,
grocer, Ormskirk. The inmates were in a state of the great-
est alarm, and a female was on the point of precipitating
herself from the window had she not been prevented by Mr.
George Hancott, who with a few others was promptly on the
spot, and by dint of the greatest exertions, at length suc-
ceeded in getting the fire under. Had it not been for this
gentleman's activity, it is impossible to foresee what ravages
the flames might have committed, breaking out at an hou
when all the respectable inhabitants had retired to rest.

THE TEA PLANT IN BRAZIL.—The tea plant was im-
ported from China into the Brazils about twenty years ago,
and is cultivated very extensively in some parts, particularly
near St. Paul, about eighty leagues from the capital. One
proprietor possesses 60,000 feet of tea plants, some of which
are six or eight years old. The tea is commonly gathered in
October, November, December, January, and February : a
good workman can collect nearly sixteen pounds a day. The
leaf is afterwards dressed and dried. The youngest leaves
form the " imperial tea," while the less tender constitute
the " hyson" and other varieties. 1,500 feet of tea plants
have been recently placed in the Jardin des Plantes at Paris ;
and M. Guillemin, who imported them, is of opinion, that
certain parts of France, from their analogy to the Brazils in
climate and soil, are well fitted for the cultivation of the
plant.

ROMANCE IN HUMBLE LlFE.—About five years ago, when
the weaving trade of Paisley suffered considerable stagnation,
a middle-aged female, who had been thrown out of employ..
ment, left Paisley with a small stock of coarse towelling, to
hawk the same through some of the towns in England; and
her brother, should she succeed, was to furnish fresh supplies.
Time went on, but no accounts reached Paisley of the sub-
ject of this notice till her friends gave up every hope, think-
ing her dead, unknown and unnoticedin a strange land. The
week before last a native of Paisley happening to be journey-
ing through one of the northern towns of England, at the
house where he put up heard a story of a countrywoman of
his, who, about five years ago, had been struck with a para-
lytic stroke, depriving her at once of the use of her limbs and
the power of speech ; in this affecting state she had been con-
veyed to the county hospital, where she still remained. The
mind of the individual who listened to this story immediately
recurred to the singular disappearance of his townswoman,
and lost no time, in visiting the place, where, to his astonish-
ment, he found her enjoying apparent good health, but men-
tally quite hors de combat. A letter was instantly de-
spatched to her brother, who, a few days ago, went up and
claimed her, and both arrived at Leith on Friday afternoon
in one of the steamers from Hull, and left the same evening
by the canal boat for Glasgow.—Caledonian Mercury.

SOCIETY FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE
GOSPEL IN FOREIGN PARTS.

The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign
Parts was incorporated by a charter of King William the
Third, in the year 1701, for the purpose of " maintaining.
clergymen and providing for the worship of God in the plan-
tations, colonies, and factories of England beyond the seas."
These dependencies of the British crown have since grown
to an unexampled extent in each of the four quarters of the
world, and are now spreading over a territory thirty times as
large as England, with a population of 100 millions, three-
fourths of whom are idolaters. The society has on its list
273 missionaries, of which number there are stationed—
In the diocese of Newfoundland • l5
Nova Scotia
Montreal (Lower Canada) 3B
Toronto (Upper Canada) 43
Barbadoes. 33
LI
Jamaica. l9
Calcutta...
Madras . lB
Bombay 1
Australia. •
At the Cape of Good Hope.
The Number of Catechists and Schoolmasters is 183
The annual expenditure of the society on
these accounts amounts to £54,728 0 0
whilst its annual income is only 30,046 0 0

leaving a deficiency of £34,682 0 0
For supplying which a most urgent appeal is now being made
to the Christian beneficence of English churchmen.
On Sunday morning a sermon was preached, in St. Peter's
Church, by the Bishop of Nova Scotia, in aid of the
funds of the society. His lordship entered into an ela-
borate detail of the society's operations since its establish-
ment in 1701, and plainly showed the great amount of good
done, and which might yet be done, in the west and eastern
hemispheres, if the society was but properly supported. His
lordship is an excellent preacher, and was most attentively
listened to for upwards of an hour. He preached from the
second verse of the sixty-seventh Psalm, " That thy way
may be known upon earth ; thy saving health among all
nations." The collection amounted to £3O 3s. In the
evening his lordship preached in St. Augustine's Church.
Yeseterday, a public meeting was held in the Music-hall,
Bold-street, for the purpose of the objects and design of the
society being advocated before the public of Liverpool. The
meeting was numerously attended. Amongst those present
were the Lord Bishop of Nova Scotia, the Rev. Jonathan
Brooks, J. Wilson, Esq., E. Spencer, Esq„ Sir J. Salisbury,
Revs. W. Badnall, Dr. Tattershall, D. Anderson, J. Has-
sail, G. Stokes, 0. P. Vincent, C. T. Gladwin, H. M`Neile,
R. Marshall, D. James, Mr. Bibby, R. Wilson, W. M'lver.
T. L. Park, Mr. Boulton, T. Hornby, C. L. Townsend, T.
H. Stafford, R. Appleton, C. March, T. S. Bowstead, Mr.
Gordner, R. Leicester, T. Bold, R. P. Buddicom, R. Went-
worth, Mr. Bates, C. Lawrence, B. Banning, W. Hesketh,
J. H. Stewart, J. North, F. A. Marriott, F. Barker.
The Rev. JONATHAN BROOKS having been called to the
chair, the proceedings commenced by the Rev. C. WRAY
reading the appointed collects.
The CHAIRMAN then said his first duty was to call upon
the secretary to read the report. Most of those present
were already aware of the nature of the society, though, he
was sorry to say, its merits were not known so much as they
ought to be. It was the oldest missionary society now in
existence, connected with the established church ; it was one
which had been. producing considerable effect; it was one
which had been working silently but still actively, and it had
been the means of conveying to numbers of our country-
men who had emigrated from this island to settle in distant
parts the word of God, of which without its aid and assis-
tance they must have been deprived. (Hear.) He begged
to call upon the secretary to read the report.
The Rev. Mr. WRAY then proceeded to read the report.

" REPORT.

• " The committee of the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts, feel that they would be wanting in
the duty they owe, not only to the subscribers in Liverpool,
but also to churchmen generally, did they neglect to im-
prove the present opportunity of putting forth a brief state-
ment of the success that has attended their exertions since
the establishment of a branch in this town. A district com-
mittee was first formed in Liverpool in 1827, and we find
that in 1835 (eight years after) the annual subscriptions
amounted to only £B7. This sum was thought so unaccount-
ably disproportionate to the claims the society possesses upon
all churchmen, and especially upon a wealthy community in-
timately connected with the colonies, that the majority of
the clergy determined to make a united appeal to their seve-
ral congregations, with a view to increase the number of an-
nual contributors, This appeal had the effect of doubling
the subscriptions, as appears from the report of 1836. But
what was £l7O or £lBO for the population of such a town as
Liverpool. It was evident that the society was as yet un-
known, or its claims unappreciated even by that limited
number of individuals by whom the local charities are mainly
supported. _

"The committee, at this period, turned their attention to
the formation of branch associations in connexion with the
different churches, whiich they have ever since regarded as of
paramount importance. The vast and increasing population
of Liverpool rendered such a plan absolutely necessary, in
order to bring the society generally before the people. In
Liverpool we have a population equal to that of many coun-
ties, and which in other parts of England would be divided
idto perhaps two hundred parishes. And it stands to reason
that such a vast mass of people cannot be effectually in-
fluenced by any two or three clergymen who may form the
working portion of a single district committee, even should
they devote themselves to the task to the neglect of their
proper duties ; nor is it to be expected that with such in-
adequate means the claims of an important national society
can be fairly represented.

" The committee have felt another difficulty, which has
also made them anxious for the voluntary co-operation of
the clergy in the formation of district associations. They
have felt a delicacy in organising any active system of per-
sonal solicitation for subscriptions anuThg those over whom
they have no ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and with whom,
therefore, they have no right to interfere. To each indivi-
dual clergyman belongs the privilege of recommending this
society to his own congregation. ie, and not this commit-
tee, is responsible if his people's charities are not directed
into the proper channel ; and therefore, though none of the
clergy can be thought indifferent to the value and importance
of a society, which from ,time to time is prcfsed upon the
notice of all by the highest authorities of the church, still
where it is not cordially recommended from the pulpit to the
continued support of a congregation (which is the only sup-
port that a missionary society can rely upon), the commit-
tee certainly feel reluctant to step in, and assert what appear
to them its paramount and irresistible claims.
" It was therefore, with unfeigned satisfaction that the
Committee hailed the formation of two branch associations
in 1837, one in connexion with West Derby chapel, the other
with St. Ann's church, in the same neighbourhood, which
produced an addition of £5O a-year to the income of the
society. The report of the following year (1838), notices the
establishment of three additional branches, Saint Martin's,
Saint Catherine's, and Saint Mark's. In this year, too, a
fresh impulse was given to the cause, by the powerful ad-
vocacy of the Rev. Archibald Montgomery Campbell, the
secretary of the parent society, at a public meeting held in
October; and the total receipts by the Liverpool committee,
amounted in that year to more than £4OO. This large in-
crease, however, was to be attributed to various accidental
circumstances, and a like sum was not to be calculated upon
for the next year. From the report of 1839, there appears,
indeed, a greater difficiency than might have been expected,
after making these allowances, but this deficiency is rather
apparent than real, and the average receipts in Liverpool may
now be reckoned at little short of £350 a-year. The most
satisfactory proof that the society is gaining ground, is the
fact that two more district associations were established
during the last year, viz., at St. Luke's and St. Andrew's
churches, and three others have been organised since the
commencement of the present year at Woolton, at Evertos,
and John the Baptist's, with the revival of a fourth, the work-
ing of which had been for a time interrupted ; and besides
these, it is confidently expected that three more associations
will be added in the course of the year to the number already
formed, since there appears every disposition on the part of
the clergy with whom the committee have been in communi-
cation to carry out their suggestions, and to aid the society
by every means in their power.
" The committee can assure such of the clergy as may con-
template the formation of associations, either seperately, or
in conjunction with other kindred societies, that such a step
will not be attended with any inconvenient loss of time. An
annual sermon is all that is necessary with the distribution
of the quarterly papers, now regularly furnished by the
society. In general some active individual is found in every
congregation who will cheerfully undertake the office of
treasurer, while the district visitors will gladly receive the
weekly contributions of the labouring claases. Among the
various blessings and kindly sympathies that will naturally
fcrm the establishment of these charitable associations, none
are more important than the opportunity they offer the
mechanic of contributing his weekly penny towards an ob-
ject in which he has as deep an interest as the richest person
in the land.

" There is quite as much high and honourable feeling
among the poor as the rich, as those will find who go among
them, not in a proud and uncondescending manner, but with
the frankness flowing from a feeling of Christian brother-
hood to ask their co-operation in a holy cause in which all
are equally concerned. Belonging to that class of society,
which furnished the largest proportion of emigrants, they
are keenly sensible of the privations to which the settler is
subject, and will contribute with far greater willingness and
liberality than their wealthier neighbours. And are we jus-
tified in neglecting to afford to the poor members of Christ's
body the blessed opportunity of giving somewhat towards
the religious wants of their brethren in foreign lands, or
propagating the gospel in heathen India ? Surely not. The
poor man's penny is as acceptable as the rich man's pound,
and as worthy to be deposited in the treasury of God's house-
hold.

" Fully alive to this duty, the parent society has prepared
collecting-books adapted to the dffierent classes of subscri-
bers, and strongly urges upon the district committees, the
expediency of encouraging the smaller tradesmen, also to en-
rol themselves subscribers of ten and fifteen shilling annually;
thus to gain the support of a numerous class of persons, who,
because they are unable to afford their guinea, have hitherto
been too generally passed over altogether.
" Such is the partial measure of success which has of late
years attended the exertions of the Liverpool district com-
mittee. That ten branches should actually have been formed
in the space of three years, is surely a pledge of a far more
extended patronage than the society has hitherto received,
and it is a cause of thankfulness to the Allwise disposer of
events, that this town is at least beginning to acknowledge
its duty. But in any other point of view there is little cause
for congratulation ; for what is £3OO or £4OO from such a
town as Liverpool—a town which now takes the lead of all
other sea-ports in its commercial connection with the
Canadas. At present we hardly defray the charges of two
missionaries. Surely if the country at large is deeply guilty
of neglect in this matter, no one place is more chargeable
with the sin than our own town. And in truth it may be
said that as a nation we are now propagating infidelity far
and wide, as well as giving direct encouragement to idolatry.
In India £5OOO is annually paid towards the worship of
Juggernaut, and in our different settlements to which our
countrymen are encouraged to emirrrate by thousands, we
are suffering villages without number to spring up with no
provision for the worship of God, or the maintenance of his
truth. And who can contemplate without horror and alarm
the future condition of these unhappy people, unless some-
thing be done for them in their present helpless state. What
the penal settlements of Australia are now (plunged into an
abyss of moral degradation too horrible to think upon) we
may expect our other colonies to become, if left to the un-
corrected working of our coarupt nature. England is engaged
in laying the foundations of mighty empires, but she is care-
less whether these be Christian or infidel empires. Nay, as
a nation we are guilty of having withdrawn the support which
had been pledged to the missionaries sent out by this society,
and are doing all in our power to prepare the way for an
infidel anti-Christ.
And let it be remembered that the people whom this nation
is neglecting, are they whom, of all others, she is bound to
support and aid. The colonies are connected with the mo-
ther country by every tie that can endear one people to ano-
ther. Of the same language, and habits, and kindred, and,
above all, children of one common faith, how can it be other-
wise than a bounden duty to aid in establishing among them
a branch of the same holy catholic church to which it is our
privilege to belong, and in whose fold they and their fathers
were nurtured.
It is antler a solemn conviction of this duty that all the
operations of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
are conducted. Its guardians have ever aimed at being led
rather by God's providential hand than by their own will or
fancy ; and this must be the apology for one unpopular fea-
ture in the character of our society, viz., that its missions
among heathen nations have not been more multiplied. But

its principle of action has always been to follow where God
leads, and in that orderly course which the church marks out,
through the means which the church provides. And, there-
fore, while the society would gladly respond to the call of the
Divine Head of the church, in the literal sense of the words,
and " go into all nations, and preach the gospel to every
creature," still it is obvious that this work cannot be accom-
plished all at once, and with limited means, and that those
places claim the first and chiefest attention to which the
finger of God appears most directly to point. Now, where
is there a clearer and more definite call than to provide for
the worship of God's name in the colonies which lie has given
us in every quarter of the globe? and how would the society
be justified in taking the children's bread and casting it to
strangers, while the children are left to starve? And where
is there a clearer and more definite call than to propagate the
gospel among the hundred millions of pagan India, whom,
doubtless, the God of Battles has subjected to British in-
fluence, not for mere national and individual aggrandise-
ment, but for their conversion to our own pure faith ? To
these places, therefore, and wherever else, in the providence
of God, an opening is made by British arms or commerce,
the society's operations are mainly directed ; not, however,
to the entire neglect of other countries where our influence is
less felt, and the call of God less plainly discernible.
The committee, in conclusion, are called upon to defend
another unpopular feature in th^ constitution of the society,
which, with that just noticed, was mentioned to them in a
letter from the clergyman of a neigt touring town, as forming
the ground of objection his people felt to the society, when he
recommended it to their notice at the instance of this com-
mittee. This objection was, that the " subscribers had not
the privilege of a voice in the appointment of all the officers,"
as in other societies. To this charge the society must plead
guilty ; but we trust that it will be rather a recommendation
than otherwise to the self 4enyiiig Christian. The object of
this society is to act on church and scriptural principles. It
is not merely a voluntary institution, in which a person sub-
scribing a certain sum, has a voice in electing a committee
in which he can confide to expend the funds as he thinks right
and best. No ; we read in the scriptures that the early Chris-
tians placed their contributions at the feet of the apostles,_ in
full faith that they would be rightly expended. So by this
society we are called upon to place our contributions at
the feet of the successors of the apostles—the bishops of the
church, and the persons they have associated with them—not
doubting that they will be directed, by the special grace of
God, so to expend them as to redound to His glory and the
extension of his kingdom. This may be unpopular. But the
aim of the society is not to be popular, but to obtain the sup-
port of true Christian hearts—the hearts of those who will
give their money gladly, and at the same time pray to God to
put it into the hearts of his servants—the bishops—to expend
it properly.
To those, therefore, who duly estimate the value of our
beloved church—to those who rightly appreciate its charac-
ter as a true branch of the one holy church, and who are
zealous to extend the blessings of its invaluable Liturgy over
the wiiole world, and especially, as we are most bounden,
through the colonies and dependencies of this empire ;—to
those, who, after the universal practice of the primitive
church, desire to send out not presbyters only, but MISSION-
ARY BISHOPS, who may superintend and regulate the mis-
sionary labours, confirm the unsettled converts in their
newly-acquired faith, and secure to them the church for
ever by ordaining the natives to be ministers of the word
and sacraments to their own countrymen ;—to such persons
the committee confidently appeal on behalf of the incorpo-
rated society, being persuaded that they will esteem it not a
duty only, but a blessed privilege, to aid the church in pro- ,
pagating the gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ.
The Rev. Dr. BYRTH had great pleasure in rising to move
that the report be received and adopted as the expression
of the opinions of the meeting. Although he did not mean
to trespass upon time he should be sorry not to give utter-
ance to his cordial approbation of the sentiments which the
report contained. At the same time, there were one or two
sentiments in that document to which he might be allowed
for a few moments to call special attention, not that they were
not placed with sufficient force in the report itself, but be-
cause he felt they would bear to be reiterated and to receive
additional recommendation. He could not but think that the
persons who drew up that report, and the inhabitants of this
town—not more they in particular than the members of the
Church of England throughout all the land,—had been, up to
the present mome-t, culpably indifferent to the support of a
society which was peculiarly a Church of England society.
and he could not but think too, with regard to another sen-
timent expressed in the report, that very little energy was
required to move their respective congregations to make the
financial statement in another year far exceed its present
amount. He could not but believe that in a day, especially
marked for exertions in Christian philanthropy, an appeal
would not be made to our truly evangelical church, more
awake as he believed she was to her responsibility, without
meeting with an adequate response. Perhaps there
never was a day when we were more bound to ascertain
what were the real foundations of those principles upon
which the church was founded ; perhaps there never
was a time in which it was more incumbent upon every
individual minister of our venerable establishment to
be able to state truly, strongly, and clearly, what were the rea-
sons that had made him a member of that establishment. And
yet, at thesame time, it would be in vain we should be able to
reason the cause carefully out, if we did riot combine it with
the great cause of Christian philanthropy, making our princi-
ples actual motives, and reducing all our speculation to real and
powerful energies. Now it was well known, that the humble in-
dividual who at present had the privilege of addressing that
meeting, was a bold and unflinching friend of missionary exer-
tions, by whomsoever those exertions were made. He would
wish it to he equally well known he was nevertheless a friend,
more especially, and by distinction, to missionary efforts, if
they were made by the venerable church of which he was a
minister. He would wish to see the Church of England put
forth her energies—and among these, the attaclunent of her
people to her name was one of the mightiest. He should
long, he said, to see the Church of England put forth her
energies, and to do her duty in supplying our colonies with
spiritual instruction ; then the blessing of the Lord would
rest upon her, and she would find nothing to bind her efforts
till she had made the Gospel known as the Gospel which
was faithfully preached by her ministers. This was a con-
summation devoutly to be wished : and he believed there was
not an argument by which an establishment could be sup-
ported, and that not speculatively, but by just reasoning,
which did not appear to him to bear with redoubled force
upon the great duty to provide religious instruction for our
colonies. If it were in obedience to the command of '
Christ to erect churches at home and supply the
people with an apostolic ministry, surely the same com-
mand held good with regard to the people abroad, for
their wants, must be increased by their distance from home.
If it were true that we could not expect to retain our empire
abroad—if it were true we could not expect to retain it long
at home, unless it were based upon Christian principle, how
could we possibly be indifferent to the great subject of send-
ing our people abroad as emigrants, without sending minis-
ters also with them, in order to keep them from falling away ?
He asked them to respect those who really did express
themselves upon some occasions in the strongest possible
language—and they never could express themselves too
strongly to satisfy him—and put forth some active powers, at
least bearing some proportion to their sentiments and their
feelings, and then the Church-of England would be what she
ought to be. Ile contended she was not whilst it could be
said in the report and not denied, that there were colonies
all over the world destitute of religious instruction, because
our own established church did not send it forth. He would
take the liberty of saying, that the movement we were now
engaged in was a voluntary movement ; and he honoured the
church that she had so come forward, now that the govern-
ment had withdrawn the annual grant. Let us redouble our
contributions, if the government had ceased to be Christian ;
let us show that we were willing members of the Christian
church, if the government would not ; if the government sent
people abroad, let us remember those people in the wilds
and in the wilderness ; let us go after them • let us seek
them out in the wilderness, and prove that tile church of
England was the most missionary church upon earth.
He could prove this from her formularies. She was a mis-
sionary church acting in strict obedience to the divine
command ; but the present was not so much a missionary
movement as an actual debt we owed to the colonies. Talk
not to him of sending missionaries to the Hindoos ; it was
our duty. Talk not to him of sending the gospel to the un-
fortunate savages of African wilds ! Before appealing to his
feelings or his conscience prove to him that we were under
no obligation to do this. (Hear.) We were committed to
it as an Established Church (hear) • and 'because the go-
vernment had failed to do its duty, let us put the govern-
ment to shame by doing these things. (Cheers.) The Rev.
Doctor concluded by moving the resolution.
Sir JOHN SALISBURY seconded the resolution, and it was
carried.

The Lord Bishop of NOVA SCOTIA was then introduced by
the Rev. Chairman, for the purpose of moving the second
resolution. The right rev. Prelate said he had very great
pleasure in attending to the call so kindly made by the
Chairman, and that so far as he was able he would endea-
vour to make the meeting acquainted with a part of the
claims preferred by the society upon all members of the
church for that support of which she now stood greatly in
need. He had been appealed to as one who had personal
knowledge of the acts of the society, of the fields for its ac-
tion, and of its grievous wants, as well as of the destitution
prevailing in the colonies, which made it imperative upon
the society, lest she would be contented to give up her good
work, to make a most solemn and urgent appeal to the mem-
bers of the church in this highly favoured kingdom. He
rejoiced to be able in the discharge of this duty to call their
attention to subjects thus deeply important. The chairman
was right in stating he was intimately acquainted with a por-
tion of the field in which the society had long laboured.
Indeed his knowledge might be regarded as hereditary, for
eighty years had passed since his father went out from this
country as a missionary in the service of this society. It
pleased God that he should be called to a higher station in
the church, that he should become the first colonial bishop,
and it had also pleased God that lie (the speaker) should be
called upon to follow him, with unequal steps, through the
field. More than thirty years had elapsed since he followed
him in the missionary field, and 15 years ago, by the Provi-
dence of God, he was called upon to labour as a missionary
bishop. He only mentioned these circumstances to shew
that he had had opportunities of making himself intimately
acquainted with the circumstances he should bring before the
meeting; their feelings would ensure such a reception to the
recital as they must all desire in order to further the cause
which, under the heavenly blessing, it was the object of this
society to promote. The resolution stated that the spiritual
destitution under which the inhabitants of the colonies and
dependencies of the British empire were now suffering was a
subject of deep concern and alarm to the religious people of
this country, and made it incumbent upon every member of
the church to contribute something towards the support of a
society whose efforts were now crippled by the withdrawal of
the government grant. In the infancy of the society the
field of its labours was limited in extent. Encouraged by
the government it set upon the work of sending the gospel to
the colonies, although, he believed, there never was a period
in its history in which its means were so ample as they ought
to have been. It had sometimes been objected that the
society had not been so ostensible as she ought ; but all who
heard him would understand that there was something of the
Christian character in the retirement which she sought. She
was willing to conceal from her right hand what her left hand
was doing, and probably she would have continued to
proceed in her quiet course, if the circumstances by
which she was surrounded had not become so greatly
changed. She would have been wanting in her duty to
the great cause she had at heart if she had not then
made known the calls upon her, and entreated others
to share the privilege which she no longer wished to
confine to herself. He need not make an appeal to that
meeting on behalf of the truth, that it was the primary duty
of a christian nation to extend to the remotest parts of its
possessions the greatest of all the blessings which it enjoyed
—the blessing of peace and undefiled faith in the Redeemer
of the world. This, indeed, was a self-evident proposition,
and it had been acted upon in every part of the world's his-
tory. Among the ancient nations of the world there was no
want of diligence in sending forth such religion as they pos-
sessed to the colonies which they had founded, and there
had been no part of the world more remarkable for this than
the Roman empire. In its early days those people sent forth
to their colonies the reliion which they possessed,esteeming
it
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initthat
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conse-
quence of what the French government then did, and in ad-
dition, a single order in the Romish Church there had a pro-
perty which now produced not less than £30,000. a-year,
owing to the temporal care of the French government : and

when the country was ceded to England it was made a per-
sonal request of the King of the French to the King of Great
Britain, that the people no longer under his care should be
tolerated in the enjoyment of their religion. He mentioned
this to show how different our own conduct had been, but
he need not go so far. There had been a new colony founded
on the coast of Africa, and the government of the French
had sent her church thither. They were in earnest, and in
the right, but we had to lament that our nation had never
yet done its duty in this respect. In touching upon this
topic, he was aware of the risk he ran of being supposed to
mingle politics with the question now before the meeting : let
him therefore, in the first instance, disavow any such intention.
Their objects were of a nature too high and holy to be mingled
with politics, and they had no complaint to make against any
government which did not apply to all. He spoke of the
nation having neglected its duty, and what was the conse-
quence ? There were hundreds of thousands of people cut off
from all means of religious instruction ; and millions of
heathens, with no means of knowing God but through the
instrumentality of this and other societies. He would guard
also against another misapprehension. Although intimately
and personally connected with one portion of the field in
which the society laboured, he had but little to say that did
not apply to all parts. There was not one portion of the
earth whither the society sent her missionaries where the
destitution was not great; there was not an instance in one
for which a parallel might not be found in every other por-
tion of the society's labours. He should, therefore, state,
that the wants of the society must be considerable, in as
much as it had five distinct portions of the world in which
it laboured. The North American Colonies he placed first,
because there the society commenced ; the East Indies ;
Australia and the Convict Colonies ; the West Indies ; and
then, detached and separate portions of the earth, such as the
Cape of Good Hope, the Mauritius,. Ceylon, some in the
Mediterranean, (for even there the society's labours were
needed,) and some in Africa. The meeting might judge of
the destitution that must prevail when he stated that in each
of those parts there was a demand for more assistance than
the society had yet been able to extend to the whole of them ;
therefore, unless her means were increased five fold, she could
not discharge as she ought the duty she had taken upon her-
self. This might be startling, but be under no apprehension.
They had examples before them; and if the one now set should
be generally followed in all parts of the kingdom, the society's
hands would be so strengthened, that under the divine
blessing she would be competent to the discharge of all
that was incumbent upon her. An allusion was made in the
resolution to the withdrawal of the government grant to the
society, and he would explain how that happened. He had
mentioned that the government actually, prompted her to
supply religious instructions where it was needed in the
colonies : she got to work, and where she was found failing
for want of means, she was assisted by government. This
went on till the year 1813, when the destitutions in the
colonies, owing to emigrants having been greatly increased,
the society appealed to government, and it was agreed the
government should ask parliament for a grant which should
enable the society to give a competent allowance to as many
missionaries as were required. This went on till the grant
amounted to £16,000. After it had amounted to that, fearful
of the difficulty of earring such a vote through parliament,
the government gave notice that they must gradually with-
draw it. The meeting would be surprised to hear that this
had been done after the emigration for this country had
arrived at an unprecedented extent, for that year alone there
were no less than 60,000 emigrants to Lower Canada. The
distress of the missionaries and their innocent families was
great and deplorable. He knew one instance of a very
valuable missionary being compelled to sell his library
to buy food for his children, (hear, hear) ; and whilst
this distress came upon the church abroad, it operated
as a great discouragement to many who would otherwise have
been willing to devote themselves to the missionary labour.
The society finding its means stopped, determined upon that
plan which had been brought before the meeting that day ;
and he rejoiced to tell them that there was no part of Eng-
land in which an appeal had been made in behalf of this so-
ciety, in which it had not been responded to in the most en-
couraging manner, and be doubted not that Liverpool would
not be an exception. He had already mentioned the aggre-
gate of the destitution in the colony. To the North Ameri-
can colonies alone, no less than 500,000 emigrants had gone
within the last few years—and this was but a fifth portion of
the society's fields, but he would return to it by and bye.
He would request their attention to the East Indies, where a
miserable field lay open to the society, and where, until of
late, she had but little encouragement. This encouragement
had been felt most essential, since, under the heavenly bless-
ing, the church had been sent out in all her integrity to those
extensive possessions. . For many years it was the reproach of
our settlements, that the lives of the professing Christians
living there were the greatest bar to the progl•ess of the Gos-
pel. He feared that all ground of complaint had not yet been
removed, but there was hope in the circumstance, that the
influence of religion was now seen and felt by our own peo-
ple, and thus this impediment was greatly narrowed. We
found too that idolatry had greatly decreased, that the influ-
ence of Christian love was producing its proper effects upon
the natives : and the details from that portion of the world
spoke of numerous villages within the view of several of our
professing christians in which the natives had adopted the
faith of the Redeemer, and were showing in many instances
a life corresponding with that profession. The Bishop of
Calcutta said, " I must have a thousand additional mission-
aries to do the work (hear), but he (the Bishop of Nova
Scotia) was reminded that he must not dwell too long upon
a single portion of the society's proceedings. He would
therefore proceed to tell them that in Australia the call was
more urgent still. There, many thousands of our country-
men were without God in the world—he meant of those who
voluntarily emigrated in order to better their worldly condi-
tion ; but what must be the state of the convicts who, after
pursuing a course of iniquity here, had been sent to that
distant land without the means of religious instruction, both
for their present state, and for their recovery from the depths
of iniquity into which they had fallen here? What had been
the result ? Why, that they had gone deeper and deeper
towards perdition. The details of the enormities of these
individuals in those distant colonies were such as he could
not venture to repeat; they were so debasing and so degrad-
ing to the character of man, that no lip could utter them
without pollution, and no ear receive them without the
deepest offence. Now, whether the society were right or
wrong in determining on their present course,- it was their
bounden duty to endeavour to meet this deplorable case—a
case not known till the Bishop of Australia made it
not only known but felt; and in answer to the urgent
demands which lie made from year to year, the society had
sent out upwards of 30 missionaries for his assistance alone.
He would now beg the meeting to travel with him across
the ocean to the West India islands. There a field of a
different character had been opened by that great act which
had liberated the African from his chains. For a long time
the society had been reproached for being the holder of an
estate in the island of Barbadoes which had slaves upon it.
The reproaches were unjust, because the estate was held for
very important objects—for the foundation of a college in
which persons were to be educated with the special view of
educating the negroes. Had.the society refused to hold the
estate, this important object would have been lost, had they
at that time liberated the slaves thef would have deprived
the estate of its value : and to have 'Old them would have
been worse. What did they do ? They allowed any in-
dustrious black to purchase one day after another by extra
labour, and having done that, his progress to the remainder
of the term would have been easy. But ahabough they con-
sidered this a great duty, they believed it a greater duty to
prepare the blacks for emancipation, by a regulk course of
Christian instruction in that holy faith, by which alone they
could see any prospect of freedom for their souls. He would
now call attention to the effect produced by this course of
the society. It was well known that a large portion of the
planters in the West Indies were afraid of their slaves being
instructed: some thought they would be spoiled for labour,
others that they were unfit for instruction, and others again,
that they would become idle and demoralized. But the
emancipated slaves upon the society's estate had ex-
hibited an example of industry, carefulness and cleanliness,
and corresponding conduct which had the effect of pro-
ducing a change in the opinions of the planters who were
now calling aloud for the religious instruction of the whole
mass of the slaves. There were 800,000 in the condition of
wanting it ; but unless the society's hands were strengthened,
it could not discharge this duty. It was however going on,
and had sent out many missionaries, catechists, and school-
masters, and built many chapels and schools for their in-
struction, He could now state the case of a similar slave
colony which until of late had been under his own jurisdic-
tion—he alluded to the island of Bermuda. In that island,
from the period of its settlement some regard was paid to
religious instruction, and the blacks had their full share of
it. When the act passed for emancipation, the masters
readily gave up the full period of apprenticeship, under the
conviction that from the religious instruction they had
received they would be found not to abuse their liberty. Still
as some apprehensions were entertained, an act of assembly
was passed for the speedy punishment of offences on the
part of the newly liberated Africans. What was the way in
which they received it? Not as an encouragement to scenes
of licentiousness, but as a religious festival; and the anni-
versary of it was constantly observed with as much religious
feeling as an anniversary could be observed any where. It
had been his happiness to be there a year after the liberation
of these men, and from the chief justice of the island,
he had the gratifying statement, that during the year
in which that act had been in operation, the catalogue of
smaller offences had been diminished, whilst there had
not been a single instance of any capital offence. He
would now turn back to that portion of the societies'
field with which he had been most intimately acquainted from
a very early period of his life ; and it was important to draw
attention to that portion of the society's labour, because
there we were to see the effects of her first efforts. It was
well known that those efforts were first directed towards
those colonies which now formed the United States of
America ; and it was everywhere there acknowledged, that
they owed to this society the existence of a pure branch of
the apostolic church, from one end of the States to the
other. He was old enough to remember the time when no
Nprotestant bishop had ever visited the shores of America.
ow see the fruits of first labour—there you had now the
pure branch of the apostolic church of Christ, with its twenty
bishops, and thousand priest and deacons : and the society
humbly thanked God, and took courage when it looked at
this result of its earliest endeavours. There was something
very much in point with this meeting in another portion of
the history of that church. They thought it their duty to
take up labour in distant parts of the world ; and they formed"
a society to send 'out missionaries to the heathen. They
were led to believe that, in order to do this work effectually,
the church must be a missionary society ; and the church
therefore now sent out, as a portion of her work, missionaries
who were now labouring in different parts. And as this had
sprung from the church in the United States, and that church
had sprung from our own, he thought we might acknow-
ledge the relationship. There was another circumstance
connected with that country, encouraging to those who would
assist the society. By some mistake it had been imagined that,
because the society undertook, as far as it was able, to supply
religious instruction to our own colonies, therefore that in the
propagation of the gospel, it was to be limited to our colonies.
Having explained this point, the bishop said he now came to
that part of the subject which in one respect was of most im-
portance to us. We
all must admit that as the claims of our
own families must be stronger upon us than those of any
member of the nearest community, so the claims of our own
community must be greater than those of the
,most distant.
In like manner the claims of our own kindred and colonists
must be more urgent than those of any foreigners. The
bishop then proceeded to lay before the meeting a variety of
details showing the spiritual destitution of the emigrants from
this country, and to relate several affecting anecdotes of their
desire to have the offices of the church of England. His lord-
ship—whose interesting speech we are obliged from want of
space to curtail—concluded by making an eloquent appeal to
the meeting on behalf the society.
The Rev. R. P. Bunnrcolvt, in seconding the resolution,
expressed the satisfaction he felt at the statements just made
by the Bishop of Nova Scotia. He could not but feel that
in his address we had heard one of the most strong and strik-
ing arguments for the necessity of increasing the number of
Bishops of the Church in the destitute parts of the empire.
He believed it was only by this' that there could be that mea-
sure of prosperity, ecclesiastical and spiritual, which was the
result of order arising out of the operation of that branch of
the ministry of the Church of Christ which was the deposi-
tory of the principles of the church as instituted by the
apostles themselves. He acknowledged that we had to a
very great extent neglected our duty to our own colonies ;
and we seemed to have considered the ships which left our
shores freighted with emigrants, as having taken from us
some excresence which it was our duty to abandon and for-
get. He called upon the meeting to support a society the
main object of which it was to provide for the religious desti-
tution of the colonies and of the emigrants to them ; and
having enlarged on this obligation at considerable length,
the reverend gentleman concluded by seconding the resolu-
tion.

The CHAIRMAN put the resolution, and the meeting

adopted it,

The. Rev. Mr. JONES moved the next resolution to the
effect that the meeting earnestly recommended the formation
of parochial and district associations as the most effectual
means of bringing the society before the population of large
towns, and as the only method by which general interest to-
wards it could be excited amongst all classes. After a few
preliminary remarks on parochial and district associations,
the Rev. gentleman proceeded to say, that the very name of
the society ought to recommend it in public support. Our
attention had been called to the moral and spiritual destitu-
tion in our colonies ; and was it not very affecting to hear
that there were thousands of individuals who scarcely
noted the arrrival of the Sabbath day, except as a day
of greater idleness—a greater dissipation than any other.
The church going bell was never heard in many a tract
covered by a large population who were living without God
in the world. This was a very affecting thought; and we
could not look upon such a state of things with indifference.
Mr. Jones then proceeded to contend that in order to pre-
serve the true faith after it had once been planted in these
colonies, the episcopal form must be adopted, and he refer-
red to several portions of ecclesiastical history in support
thereof. The great point, however, would be for all to set
upon the work with zeal, relying upon the blessing of God
for the increase.

The Rev. A. WATSON seconded the resolution in a long
and able address, in the course of which he eloquently 'de-
scribed the benefits arising from the formation of disteict
associations. He strongly impressed upon the meeting, the
fact that this was an individual business, in which all were
interested.

The CHAIRMAN said in putting this resolution he would
mention that in urging the principle of it he was strengthened
by the opinion of our own respected diocesan. In a letter
to the secretary his lordship said he was much gratified that
his clergy should feel themselves at liberty to recommend to
their respective congregations the formation of these asso-
ciations. His lordship said they would thereby be enabled
to relieve the spiritual destitution of the heathen and their
expatriated covntrymen, and to provide for a regularly in-
creasing demand by a regularly increasing supply. The
resolution was then carried.
The Rev. Mr. GLADWIN moved the next resolution,
which thanked the Bishop of Nova Scotia for his attendance
in Liverpool to advocate the cause of the society. He had
a deep interest in the diocese over which his lordship pre-
sided, having in one of the settlements of it a brother who
had a numerous family, and also a son, who did not for the
twelve months round experience the blessing of hearing the
ministrations of the gospel at the hands of those whom the
great head of the church had appointed. They were obliged
to depend upon his brother's reading the prayers of the
church and a sermon, in order to supply themselves with
that instruction which could not otherwise be provided. He
thanked his lordship, therefore, for the interest he had taken
in behalf of those.over whom he had been placed.
The Rev. Dr. TATTEESHALL secondqd the resolution,
and added a few remarks expressive of the interest he felt
in the success of the society.
The BISHOP of Nova SCOTIA said lie received this vote as
an earnest that the work of the society which he had this day
put into their hands was not left in the hands of inactive or
fearful agents. He would add a few words with regard to
district and parochial associations. He had been particularly
requested by the Archbishop of Canterbury to make it a pro-
minent object in every place to secure the formation of these
associations ; and had conferred with a large majority of the
Bishops in England, and every one of them was equally
strong in recommendation of the measure. That it would
be the most effectual mode of obtaining the necessary
relief they were perfectly convinced ; but there was
another important consideration which had weighed with the
and the testimony to the fact he himself had heard in every
part of the kingdom, that these associations had been found
to operate very strongly in favor of all the objects of the
church at home, as well as to the prosperity of the church
abroad. They formed a bond of union between the clergy
and the laity, and between a clergyman and his flock upon
an object strictly of a church character, and one in which
their best feelings were likely to be exercised. In proof of
this, the Bishop related a fact which occurred in the county
of Warwick, where a gentleman, after hearing of the religi+
ous destitution of the colonies, gave £5O towards removing
it, and £lOO towards a new church at home, although he in-
tended in the first instance to give no more than £5O towards
the church. The right rev. Prelate having again thanked
the meeting resumed his seat.
The Rev. R. L. TOWNSEND proposed a vote of thanks to
the Rev. Rector Brooks for his conduct in the chair ; and
the motion having been seconded by the Rev. J. H. STEWART,
it was unanimously carried.
The Rev. Mr. BROOKS, in reply, said he was very far from
thinking he had any claim to the thanks of the meeting for
presiding over it ; on the contrary, the obligation was from
him to them. He hoped that after he had visited the different
parts of the kingdom, the Bp. of Nova Scotia would return to
his spiritual charge in the colonies with an assurance to the
destitute objects there of the christian sympathy of the people
here, towards them and towards the society. He was happy
to find that the cause it had in view was meeting with the
support that was expected, for at a meeting held in the Man-
sion House a few days ago, no less than £l,lOO. was received
in the room, and since then it had amounted to £BOOO.
The BISHOP of NOVA SCOTIA then pronounced the bene-
diction, and the meeting separated.

The Dublin Chamber of Commerce, in conjunction with
the Ballast Board, are about to take means for providing in-
creased accommodation for steam vessels in that port.

We are sorry to hear of the increasing distress among the
operatives of Barnsley, arising from the numerous failures
which have taken place in that town of late.

SINGULAR FOOT-RACE.—The 6th instant, R. Bennett,
who bore upon his back tho heavy weight of 85 years, under-
took to run 30 yards while another man, with the quicken-
ing blood of youth in his veins, and his limbs unstiffened by
rheumatics and all the other ailments which old age is heir
to. ran the distance of 100. Galleyvvood Common was the
ground selected, and there a considerable number of persons
were congregated, various bets depending on the result ; but
youth prevailed, and twenty tripped over his 100 yards be-
fore eighty could measure out his 30. The spirit of the
venerable pedestrian, however, was not broken ; and he has
offered to back himself for £5 against any man of his age in
the county.
POTATOES.—In the course of a conversation with our old
friend, Mr. Barker, of Arnside, a few days ago, we were led
to understand that of all the varieties of the potato, that
known by the name of the Old Dun, is the least liable to
failure. Indeed Mr. Barker informs us that with him it
never did fail. With another and more popular sort—the
Flat Red—he found that one of two lots sown the same day
failed, whilst the other succeeded ; so that it is almost im-
possible to account for the occasional failures we have wit-
nessed. If this Old Dun, however, is so certain, we cannot
too warmly recommend it for general use. It is the lilac
flowering plant and not the white one that must be selected.
Lancaster Guardian.

HARKAWAY.—At Gloucester assizes much interest pre-
vailed in the expectation that an action by Mr. Ferguson,
owner of the celebrated harkaway, against the steward of
the Cheltenham races, last year, to recover the amount of
the stakes in the Tradesmen's Cup (of which Harkaway was
the winner) would come on for trial, and many of the sport-
ing gentlemen of Cheltenham and its vicinity were in atten-
dance to give evidence as to the liability or non-liability of
the steward. The action, however, was compromised, the
Turf Club of Cheltenham undertaking to reimburse the
steward upon his paying over the amount claimed by Mr.
Ferguson.

DEXTEROUS SWINDLING.—One day last week a young
man from the country went into a bank in Glasgow to get
small notes for a £5 note, and, having £4 in notes and £1 in
change, he had been observed by a sharper, in corning out,
counting the money. When a little way from the bank the
sharper tapped him on the shoulder, and said he had just
come from the bank to mention that a mistake had been com-
mitted, in giving him wrong notes, and if he would come back
with hint he would get the right ones. The simpleton ac-
companied the swindler, and, when approaching the bank,
the latter requested him to give him the notes and to remain
outside, and he would go in and get the right ones. The
fellow did walk into the bank office, and in a few seconds
came out, and told his dupe to go in, and the teller would
now give him proper notes. The reader must have antici-
pated the result.
LEGACY DUTY.—A return has been made to the House
of Commons showing the amount of capital on which the se•
veral rates of legacy duty have been paid in Great Britain in
the year 1839, and also an abstract of the total amount of le-
gacies which paid duty since 1797. The latter amounts to
the enormous sum of £1,081,461,000; the total amount of
capital on which legacy duty was paid in 1839 was £42,052,297,
and of that more than four millions sterling paid the ten per
cent. duty, and £21,604,065 paid the one per cent. duty ; the
former being the per centage payable by distant relatives or
strangers in blood, and the latter by children or parents, or
any lineal descendant or ancestor. The total legacy, pro-
bate, and other duties of this description paid into the public
treasury since 1797 was about fifty-eight millions sterling.
NOVEL REASONS FOR DISCONTINUING A PAPER.—The
Picayune tells us that an editor of a newspaper in Virginia
recently received a note from a distant subscriber, running
nearly as follows :—" Sir, You will please discontinue my
paper at the expiration of the year, as I do not find in it that
species of information I was anxious to obtain when I sub-
scribed. I have looked over it carefully for six months for
the death of some individual I was acquainted with. but as
yet not a single soul I cared for has dropped off. You will
therefore please have my name erased." Poor fellow ! How
ill-natured in his acquaintances not to furnish topics for an
obituary !—The New World.
t: t
e l is
ton with
, iti
DEATH OF THE DOWAGER LADY Li: rraroEnLerso: D.—y
a sincere feeling of sorrow thut we have to publish in our
weekly obituary the death of Apphia,
her 97th year. She was the widow of Thomas the second
Lord Lyttelton, who died in 1779, and whom she has sur-
vived GI years. The deceased lady died universally respected
and regretted by the inhabitants of Great Malvern and the
neighbourhood, amongst whom she has so long resided.
With means comparatively slender, she was eminently cha-
ritable. The charity schools founded by her, the public
walks laid out and improved, the House of Industry, are
standing monuments of her beneficent disposition. In all
acts of charity, in all plans for the amelioration of the con-
dition of the poor, her ladyship led the way. In her the
working classes of Malvern have sustained the loss of a boun-
teous and justly liberal benefactress. Her love to God was
amply evidenced by the good she did to man. The power of
words is too poor to speak her praise.—Worcester Chronicle.
MORTALITY IN PRESTON.—We are sorry to say, that no
favourable abatement seems yet to have taken place in the
unusual degree of mortality which has prevailed here for a
short time past, the deaths still continuing to average about
ten daily. In the week before the present they even exceeded
this, the total being eighty, and the births but sixty. Since
the Ist of April, we understand that among the deaths that
have occurred, between eighty and ninety have been caused
by measles, at least that is the disease alleged as the cause of
that number of deaths. The sufferers are, of course, children,
and almost in all cases, of the lower classes. Now as a corn-
plaint of a similar nature, has in many instances visited the
families of the more respectable classes, and in very few
cases only has it proved fatal, it is much to be feared that the
extraordinary drain which is being made on human life in the
lower classes of society in Preston, is caused, not so much by
the invincible nature of the disease by which it is made, as
by the want of proper names and treatment to resist it. And
if this be the case, it is high time that the benevolent among
us should be up and doing,—that so the poor may not be
thus unnecessarily deprived of their offspring. We heartily
wish that some of our more eminent medical gentlemen would
at once undertake the lead in devising some remedial measures
to meet this very serious visitation, and we doubt not in the
liberality of the charitable to support them.—Preston Pilot.

- - -
THE SWALLOW TRIBE.—The swallow is one of my
favourite birds, and a rival of the nightingale ; for he glade
my sense of seeing, as much as any other does my sense of
hearing. He is the joyous prophet of the year—the harbin-
ger of the best season ' • he lives a life of enjoyment amongst
the loveliest forms of nature : winter is unknown to him ;
and he leaves the green meadows of England in autumn, for
the myrtle and orange groves of Italy and the palms of
Africa :—he has always objects of pursuit, and his success
is secure. Even the beings selected for his prey are poetical,
beautiful, and transient. The ephemerae are saved by his
means, by a slow and lingering death in the evening, and
killed in a moment, when they have known nothing of lift.,
but pleasure. He is the constant destroyer of insects,---the
friend of man ; and, with the stork and the ibis, may be
regarded as a sacred bird. The instinct which gives him his
appointed seasons, and which teaches him always when awl,
where to move, may be regarded as flowing from a divine
source ; and he belongs to the oracles of nature, which speak
the awful and intelligent language of a present deity.—Sir
H. Davy's Sahnonia.