The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-12-01 00:00:00

THE 'LIVERPOOL STANDARD

THE WAR IN MEXICO.
(From a long resident in that country.)
The Margate branch of the South Eastern Railway was
We last week dwelt upon the United States incursions
into Mexico ; and although we have no more recent ac-
to be opened yesterday (Monday).
counts to communicate to our readers, yet knowing that
The central station of the electric telegraph in London
, train passed over the line from
their sympathies are so thoroughly enlisted in this dis-
will be at the Royal Exchange.
graceful inroad of the States troops into the heart of On Thursday the first
Mexico, our anxiety now is to develop the deep-laid scheme
, Ipswich to Bury St. Edmund's:
which has been practised by the cabinet of Washington. Ihe goods carried between London, Birmingham, and
The warfare bad been in'ended to be carried forward by Rugby amount to about two thousand tons per day.
that gigantic force, concentrated as they were by a fleet, Our townsmen, Messrs. Williams, Ackroyd, and Co.,
transports, and men, who sailed round Cape Horn, where, are the contractors for the extension line of railway to tke
en arriving at California. they quietly took p •ssession of Birkenhead Docks.
the two ports there, San Francesco and Monterey, and the The Dover Telegraph says that a fellow climbed one of
States flag now floats, till the united zeal of Nlontezurna's the poles of the electric telegraph, in West Kent, and ap-
ne .
sons sound the tocsin, and, in the beautiful and feeling plied his ear to the wires, in order to hear the news.
It may not be generally known, that, according to act
" Hope for a season bade the world farewell
words of the pleasures of Elope, will yet cry aloud—
of parliament, the government have the power of seizing
,
all electric telegraphs on railways.
And Freedom shook, as Koskiusko fell."
'I he proprietors of the H ungerford Suspension Bridge
The emigrants who took their departure for this place intend applying to parliament, in the ensuing session, tor
by land, all the male portion of whom were remarkably power to sell or lease tue bridge ; and it is said that the well armed, had different places of rendevous, which they South Western are likely to be the purchasers.
quietly left by long and hard marches to this new country. The Railway Times says that there is no truth in the
Many of them have already arrived, and no doubt are to rumour that negotiations are pending between the North
be the useful tools of brother Jonathan, in fighting his Staffordshire and the London and North Western Com-
battles, and colonizing this now fertile country, the ex-
panies.
tent of which would admit of constant emigration for As the first parliamentary or cheap train was on its way
some years to come.
from Manchester to Leeds, on Monday, a guard fell from
The Texian government had it in contemplation to take one of the carriages, and both his legs were severed from
possession of St. Fee some years past, and had a large his body. He is since dead.
trading party and soldiers to effect this end ; they were. On Sunday week a train left Preston for the south
however, miserably disappointed in this object, as the without a single passenger. A similar event is declared
Mexicans took complete possession of them, through the never to have happened before, but it does not say much
perfidy of one of their followers, and they were then all in favour of any very great necessity (not to mention the
marched into Mexico, and chiefly consigned to the castle morality of the question) for Sunday trains.
of Perote, where in the day time they were employed in The platform on the arrival side of the Euston-square
chains, sweeping the streets, making roads, and proceed- Station has been lengthened 550 feet ; and when the car-
ing with the public buildings. riage-shed has been removed, there will be a continuous
General Kearney lately, with a large command, amount- arrival platform of 980 feet in length, affording room for
ing to at least 3000 men, proceeded from the States with about 60 carriages, or five tr• ins of average length.
this army, and we recently hear that he had not only as- On Tuesday morning, the mail train near Str ckport ran
cerded, but had entered Saint Fee without opposition, at full speed into a coal train, causing much destruction
where he quietly ensconced himself within the walls, of property, besides personal injury. No lives were lost,
proclaimed himself governor—entered the palace—de- but several persons were seriously injured, among others
mended allegiance in the name of his government from a clergyman who is variously described as Curry and
the Alcade and other civil citizens, and hoisted the star- Cassidy.
spangled banner. The " Companion to the British Almanac" for 1847
We last week left General Taylor in the' mountains at states that, making allowances for cases of possible dis.
Monterey, where already instructions had been given from appointment, it is probable that the railway openings of
his government to prosecute the war with vigour ; but we 1846 will amount to between 600 and 700 miles. The
conceive his army has about entered that trap from which lengths opened in the year ending November 1, 1846,
we conceive there is no loophole of escape ; but we await amount to 434
fresh tidings from the seat of war. In the Sheriffs' Court, on Thursday, Mr. Shillibeer,
- --.6. the well-known 'amnions proprietor, recovered £5OO
damages from the Eastern Counties Railway Comp.-my,
for injuries sustained through an accident, on the Hert-
ford branch line, on the 18th of October, 1845. The
Company had paid £75 into court.
The Leeds, Dewsbury, and Manchester have agreed,
by a majority of four to one, to amalgamate with the Lon-
don and North• Western. The same meeting likewise
confirmed an agreement with the Huddersfield and Man-
chester Railway and Canal Company for the mutual
arrangement of the traffic.
A LONG ORDER.—An order has been given by the
York and Newcastle Railway Company, within the last
few days, for three miles of trucks! The number now in
use is almost countless; yet so immense is the traffic on
this great trunk line of railway, that the Directors are
under the necessity of ordering the additional trucks, not
by the score, but by the mile !
By the inattention of a fireman employed on the South
Eastern Railway, on Wednesday, a locomotive ran away
from the New Cross Station to London Bridge, where it
was arrested by running into the station, destroying the
buffers, and knocking down the wall of the parcels office.
Injury exceeding £3OO is estimated to have been occasi-
oned. The fireman has been sentenced to a month's im-
prisonment.

RAILWAY INTALLI (IBA Cic.

THE NESTORIAN CHRISTIANS. - We have advices
from Constantinople of the 4th and 7th instant, which
furnish us with frightful accounts from Kurdistan. It
appears,that, in the beginning of October, the Nestorian
Christians of Bias had been successfully attacked by the
cruel and blood-thirsty Khan Bey ; and having taken a
great many prisoners, he coolly ordered 200 of them to
be sacrificed by the sword, and afterwards dispatched the
heads of his victims, as a trophy of his power, to Tayar
Pacha (Turkish general), who was marching against him
at the head of 12,000 men. Tayar Pacha, unfortunately,
having been treacherously received by the guides he bad
employed, was led into the midst of the Kurdish rebels.
A sharp engagement ensued, which terminated in Tayar
Pacha being defeated, he having lost, in killed, wounded,
and prisoners, it was reported, no less than between
3,000 and 4,000 men. The success of Bedr Khan Bey
had so elated him, that he gave permission to his fol-
lowers to butcher whom, and when, and where they
pleased. The Nestorian villages were at once seized
upon, and men, women, children, and babes, were indis-
criminately and inhumanly put to death, after which they
glutted their vengeance by burning to the ground the very
habitations the Christians had occupied. It is said that
some thousands of individuals thus perished. A battle,
we are also told, bad taken place between the Turkomans,
under Cara Achmet Khan, and the Persians, commanded
by Suleiman Kdan, in consequence of a general uprising
of the Gokhlans, when the latter lost 700 killed, and
some thousand prisoners. The cholera was raging most
fearfully in several parts of Persia, when these accounts
came away.—Standard.

ACCIDENT ON THE EAST LANCASHIRE RAILWAY...-.
As the quarter-past one o'clock train was proceeding from
Rawtenstall to Bury, on Monday last, and when on the
Bury side of the Summerset station, the engine and the
tender, along with two carriages and a horse-box, through
some defect in the rail, were thrown off the line, and the
engine embedded itself in the side of a cutting, the tender,
carriages, and horse-box being upset near it, and all of
them more or less damaged. There were no lives lost.
In August, 1845, the shares of the Great Western Com-
pany stood at £152 premium. They are now at some £47
premium. There have been, however, new issues, and
the premiums on these (say £l5) must he added to show
the comparative value. Taking these circumstances into
account, the diminished value of the property is no less
than £9O a share ! Now, to what must we attribute this
fearful fall? We have no hesitation in answering, to the
foolish, we might almost say insane, quarrel with the Lon-
don and Birmingham.—Railway Times.
During the year 1841, the number of first-class pas-
sengers carried by the London and Birmingham Company
was 311,777, and for the year 1845 the number amounted
to 388,884. The second-class passengers for 1841 were
386,106, but for the year 1845 they numbered 726,362.
For the year 1841 the third-class passengers were 69,713,
but for 1645 they were 330,258. While the first-class
passengers increased nearly about 25 per cent., the
second-class increased nearly 100 per cent., and the third-
class nearly 500 per cent.
ACCIDENT ON THE MIDLAND RAILWAY.—On Thurs-
day week the train due at 6.40 p.m. ran off the line about
a quarter of a mile on the Rugby side of Ullestborpc ; it
again got on the rails at the crossings at Ullesthorpe,
but, some of the wagons having got injured, tore up the
rails for a distance of more than half a mile, which caused
about thirty wagons to be thrown off, and completely ob-
structed both lines of rail. The damage the Midland
Company will sustain must amount td some thousands—
upwards of 20 wagons are a complete wreck, and goods
to an immense value completely damaged, consisting of
hops, tea, fruit, hogsheads of gin, wine, brandy, &c.
PRESTON AND WYRE.—The adjourned half-yearly
meeting of this company was held at Fleetwood on Wed-
nesday. At the meeting in April, Mr. Cottam was ap-
pointed to audit the accounts, and from his statement it
appeared that now, after deducting from income all the
expenses belonging to the half-year ending 31st August,
a balance of £lO,OOO remains sufficient to pay a dividend
of 14s. 2d. per share on the old shares; and on the half-
shares A, of Is, 5d., being after the rate of £5 13s. 2d.
per annum. and a dividend of that amount was declared.
—The directors were empowered to raise further capital
for a branch line from Lytham to Blackpool.
MANCHESTER AND LEEDS.—A special general meet-
ing of the shareholders in this line was held at Manches-
ter, on Wednesday. The number of directors was in-
creased to thirty-six, and power was given to create new
shares in the company, in compliance with the provisions
and powers of the several acts incorporating the company
of proprietors of the Manchester, Bolton, and Bury Canal
Naiikation and Railway, and the Liverpool and Bury
Railway, respectively, with this company. Discretionary
powers were also conferred upon the directors to enter
into arrangements with any other railway company which
they might deem beneficial.
EXTRAORDINARY DISAPPEARANCE.—A very extraor-
dinary event has just taken place in the works connected
with the Scottish Central Railway. It was necessary to
erect an embankment fifty feet high in a field near Allan
Bridge, where the railway was to pass. The works ac-
cordingly commenced, and many thousand loads of earth
were piled in the requisite place, and the work was leftlfor
the purpose of acquiring solidity, but upon visiting it again
it was found to have disappeared, with the exception of a
few feet. On inquiry it was found that the field had ori-
ginally been a bog, and the weight of the soil necessary
to form the embankment had broken through the external
solid earth.
ALARMING ACCIDENT ON THE EDINBURGH AND
GLASGOW.—Oa Friday night an occurrence of a very
serious character took place on this railway. The half-
past eight o'clock train from Edinburgh having reached
the Winchburgh cut, the engine suddenly came into vio-
lent collision with a mass of rock which had slipped down
the southern embankment and fallen upon the line. The
effect was to throw the engine across both rails, and pro-
duce a fearful concussion of the carriages. The engine
was dashed to pieces, and several of the carriages damaged ;
but we are happy to say that none of the passengers suffered
injury. The driver and stoker were thrown off the engine,
and escaped with some slight bruises.
LABOUR REQUIRED FOR RAILWAYS.—At the meeting
of the Manchester and Leeds Railway Company, on
Wednesday last, Mr. Houldsworth, the chairman, calcu-
culated that the railways for which legislative sanction
had already been granted, and which are not formed, will
require the employment of 500,000 men for ten years,
supposing that this number could be withdrawn from the
general labour market of the country, which is the maxi-
mum that can be withdrawn. He estimated the maximum
cost of the railways now in the course of formation, or for
which acts have been got, in Great Britain, at £200,000,000,
of which £160,000,000 will have to be expended on
those in England, and of this £160,000,000, the sum of
£120,000,000 will be spent for labour.
Not one of the least interesting features of the electric
telegraph, in the case of accident, is its power to explain
delay and appease suspense, even should a catastrophe
occur at 100 or 200 miles away. Take an instance :
" Train off the line at Rugby (said A. B. at Newcastle,
wk.° had gone to fetch the mail the other day), and won't
arrive till one." It is useful, too, for convivialities. Two
of the legal profession meeting accidentally at Leicester,
one invited the other to dinner; but the invited excused
himself, saying, " I've to see Hudson, at York, to-day."
" Oh," said the other, " Hudson mayn't be at home
but, stay, well ask the telegraph I". The lawyers linked
arms, ascertained, by a whisper from York, that Mr.
Hudson " was not at home," having been suddenly sum-
moned to London, and made themselves at home in Lei-
cester.—Railway Chronicle.
EAST LANCASHIRE RAILWAY.—.This company has
given notice of the following lines :—A branch railway
from the main line at Accrington to Clitheroe, and from
near Whalley to Padiham, with a branch to unite with
the Fleetwood, Preston, and West Riding line, near the
village of Mitton. A branch from the main line at Orms-
kirk to Southport ; and an extension of the Liverpool,
awta there. A line for
Ormskirk, and Preston, and the Blackburnanclwith
Preston
LancashirealinneisndoefptehnedEenatststationion accommßoaidly into Preston,
the better connecting the East Lancashire and Manches-
ter and Leeds Railway in the town of Burnley. Certain
deviations in the line of the East Lancashire Railway at
branchLumb,
at Harlington,
ingtrantt,eranpdlaßcer An extension tenstal
of the Eastl, with a short coal
Lancashire Railway from a point south of the town of
Bury, through Whitfield.
LIABILITY OF PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE MEN.—
IMPORTANT DECISION.—In the Court of Exchequer, on
Wednesday, the chief Baron delivered judgment in the
cases of Reynell v. Lewis, and Wyld v. Hopkins, bolt
actions against provisional railway committee men, in
which verdicts were given for the plaintiffs, the applica-
tion for the court being for new triats. His lordship held
that the mere fact of a man being a member of a provi-
sional committee was not sufficient of itself to render him
liable for the debts of the company, as it amounted to no

DESCRIPTION OF CRACOW.--"Cracow," says M'Cul-
loch, " is a small and nominally independent state of
Central Europe, formerly part of the kingdom of Poland ;
having N. and E. Poland; W. Prussian Silesia ; and S.
Gallicia. Length, E. to W. forty-six miles; breadth,
varying from five to fifteen miles ; area, 488 square miles.
Population (1837), 131,462, of whom 37,027 belong to the
city. The budget voted for the three years, from 1831 to
1841, fixed the annual revenue and expenditure at £45,300.
At the Congress of Vienna, in 1815, the territory was
created into an independent neutral republic, under the
protection of Russia, Austria, and Prussia..... But, since
1826, the city has been garrisoned by Austrian troops ;
and the government is substantially and in fact adminis-
tered by the resident agents of Austria, Russia, and
Prussia. And this, in truth, is the only result that could
have been anticipated. No doubt it would be desirable
(we do not know that) to have small independent states
like this scattered up and down the continent, to serve as
foci for the diffusion of political information (and rebel-
lion), as asylums to which persecuted individuals (and
traitors) might resort, and as depots for foreig❑ produce.
But the circumstances that make the formation of such
states desirable," continues Mr. M'Culloch, "are quite
sufficient to hinder them from ever having any real ex-
istence. Is it to be imagined that the governments of
Russia, Prussia, and Austria, should be so inattentive to
their own interests (and security) as to permit a state like
Cracow, on the very borders of their territories, to become
an asylum for individuals obnoxious to them, (that is,
plotting the overthrow of their respective governments,)
and where the latter might prosecute their projects in
safety ? To suppose such a thing would be tolerated is
absurd. How long should we permit a similar state to
exist on the confines of our Indian empire? And have
the Russians, Prussians, and Austrians less cause for
jealousy."

more than a promise of co-operation. Such a promise
did not constitute an agreement to share in the profit or
loss of the undertaking, whatever that might be, which
was the real essence of partnership. He could not be re-
sponsible as a mere member of the committee. If, how-
ever, the provisional committee appointed an acting com-
mittee to act on their behalf, and be their agent, then the
members of the provisional committee would clearly be
liable for the acts of the acting committee. As to soli.
citors, there were various questions which must be deter-
mined be the circumstances of each case, the particular
terms of the prospectus, and the reasonable inferences to
be drawn therefrom. A new trial was granted i❑ both
casts.

UNIVERSITY 4:1- CLERICAL, NEWS,

A Protestant Association is about to be formed at
Cambridge. A preliminary meeting has been hel,:, of
which a full report is given in the Cambridge Advertiser.
The Senatus Academicus of the University of St. An-
drews have conferred the degree of LL.D. on Lord
Campbell, ormerly an alumnus of that University.
The Rev. W. Sinclair, of Leeds, has declined the
vicarage of Bradford ; being the second time the reverend
gentleman has refused promotion.
The Rev. George Cuthbert, curate of Christ Church,
has been presented to the district of Duckenfield, near
Ashton-under-Lyne, by the Bishop of Chester.
The Rev. Thomas Troughton, M.A., of Trinity Col-
lege, has been appointed to the perpetual curacy of
Haverthwaite, Lancashire, Patron, the incumbent of
Colton.
The Exeter Protestant Committee have passed a vote
of confidence in Sir J. Duckworth, and of no confidence
in Mr. Divett, the latter member having supported the
' Maynooth Endowment Bill.
The Venerable Archdeacon Shirley has been appointed
the new Bishop of Sodor and Man. The Archdeacon is
a member of New College, Oxford, and bad previously
been appointed Bampton Lecturer for that University for
1847. The venerable Archdeacon is a sterling Protestant,
and therefore warmly attached to the church. His pre-
sent charge is the Arcndeaconry of Derby.
Mr. Bates, a contra-tenor singer of Carlisle Cathedral,
has been appointed, from out of thirteen competitors, to
the choir of Durham Cathedral, at a salary of £lOO per
annum, with prospective increase. Messrs. Wylie and
Norman, of Carlisle Cathedral, have also been appointed
to the choirs of Exeter and Rochester respectively.
The question of the Welsh bishoprics is satisfactorily
arranged—the two Welsh sees are to be preserved, and
the see of Manchester, nevertheless, to be erected imme-
diately. It is in confirmation of this report that the see
of St. Asaph has already been filled up by :he translation
of the late Bishop of Man, and that the see of Man is also
just filled.

A CLERGYMAN SHOT.—A correspondent whose letter
is dated " Swansea " informs us that on Friday last the
Rev. John Collins, Gower, was accidentally shot through
his back, and that the reverend gentleman's life is in im-
minent danger. The gun was in the hands of another
person when it was accidentally discharged, and caused
the deplorable accident just named.—Cardiff Advertiser.
Mr. Wordsworth has written to Glasgow, expressive of
his gratification at the result of the recent contest for the
Lordrectorship of Glasgow University, which was the
more welcome, as Mr. W. says he was not aware he was
to be proposed a candidate. Though the issue of it was
contrary to the wishes of his friends. he is less pleased
by the honour done to him personally than by the proof
it affords of the estimation in which literature is held, in-
dependent of political consideration.

DIFFICULTIES NOT DISCOURAGEMENTS.—AII the
great societies which God has blessed bad feeole begin-
nings, and had much opposition to encounter. The
Church Missionary Society did not begin actual missions
till four years after its formation, and did not admit a
single convert to the Lord's table till its sixteenth year,
and now what a wide sphere of blessing God has given to
it ! It was thought by dissenters to be interfering with
the London Missionary Society—it was thought by
Churchmen to be overthrow* the Church—it had to go
through much opposition, and yet it has injured no other
society—it has helped all, and is one of the great bless-
ings of the Church of England.

NOLO EPISCOPARI.—The Rev. John Graham, D.D.,
Master of Christ's College, Cambridge, who has declined
the Bishopric of Sodor and Man, is a native of the city of
Durham, and was formerly a King's Scholar of Durham
school. His parents were in comparatively humble cir-
cumstances, and Dr. Graham has risen to his present
dignified eminence solely by his own talent and unwearied
painstaking for the advancement of true religion. He
possesses a warm, affectionate heart—his whole life has
been characterised by acts of the most unobtrusive piety—
and his disposition is amiable almost to a fault. We
have no doubt his reluctance to accept a seat on the epis-
copal bench arises from a purely conscientious distrust
(though no one who knows him well will be of the same
opinion) as to his proper discharge of the solemn respon-
sibilities of that sacred office.

CHURCH PASTORAL-AID SOCIETY.—At the meetingof
the general committee, on the sth inst., three new grants
were made for additional curates; three in aid of the in-
comes of incumbents of new districts, with endowments
from £45 to £56; one towards the stipend of a chaplain
for the labourers on the Melton and Stamford Railway;
four for lay assistants, one of whom is appointed to
labour among the men employed on the Reading and
Newbury Railway ; and two small grants towards the
fitting up of rooms to be licensed for public worship in
populous districts. The twelve grants amounted to £586.
At the same meeting twenty-two grants for curates, and
two for lay assistants were renewed, amounting to £2007.
The societir now aids 316 incumbents. having under their
ministerial charge a population of 2,197,000; or each, on
an average, 6895 souls. The average amount of the in-
comes of these incumbents is only £l9B, and one hundred
and sixty of them are without a parsonage.house. The
existing grants provide stipends for 301 clergymen and
72 lay assistants, calling for an expenditure of £33,150,
when all these grants shall be in operation ; 235 clergy-
men and 65 lay assistants now engaged in their import-
ant labours, are supported by this society, at an expense
estimated at £26,865 per annum. The applications before
the committee have increased to thirty seven, twenty-
five of which are for stipends for clergymen, and twelve
for lay assistants, calling for a further sum of £2490 per
annum to provide the requisite stipends.

THE CUURT 4- FASHIONABLE, WORLD.

The Court still remains at Osborne House in the Isle
of Wight, but for the last few days the inclemency of the
season has almost weather-bound the Queen and the other
members of the Royal family from their habitual out-door
exercise
It

is said that her Majesty has given orders for the im-
iate preparation of apartments in Windsor Castle, in
the Queen of Portugal and the King-Consort, first
cousin of his 'Royal Highness the Prince Albert, should
find it advisable to avail themselves of British hospita-
lity. Arrangements are also made for the reception of
their majesties' four sons and two daughters.

The Earl and Countess of Ellesmere left Belgrave-square
on Friday, for Ratchford House, near Cobham.

His Royal Highness Prince Louis Napoleon. accompa-
nied by his cousin, a son of the late King of Westphalia,
the Hon. Miss De Sslis, and Sir John and Lady Gerard,
was in Liverpool last week. The distinguished party, af-
ter partaking of a luncheon at the Adelphi Hotel, visited
the Town-hall, Hausburg's Bazaar, several of the princi-
pal shops, and the Royal mail steamer Cambria. His
Royal Highness was on a visit to Sir John Gerard, at
New Hall.