The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-03-17 00:00:00

HILL COOLIES

Sir J. GRAHAM said that in 1828 a commission was ap-
pointed by the Governor-General of India in council to insti-
tute inquiries and take evidence as to alleged abuses in the
treatment of Hill Coolies in that country. Another com-
mission was subsequently appointed of persons of distinction
and eminence of Calcutta, which had made a report. Was
the noble lord cognisant of the existence of any such docu-
ment.
Losd J. RUSSELL was quite aware of the appointment of a
commission on the subject of Hill Coolies. He (Lord J.
Russell) would state, in reply to the questions put to him,
that the right hon. baronet, in saying that the document
alluded to bore upon the general question, was mistaken. It
did not bear upon the prohibition of the emigration of the
Hill Coolies to the West Indies previouslyto the prohibition.
Sir J. GRAHAM said he understood there was a report
drawn up on this subject by a competent board in India and
he also heard it was the intention of the government to in-
troduce a measure touching this question into parliament.
He wished to know if the noble lord intended in the absence
of that document by a law on the subject, to reverse the
decision come to prohibiting the emigration ? or did he pro-
pose to bring the measure on simultaneously with the report?
or to postpone the introduction of the former until next
session, in order to give time for the receipt and for the con-
sideration of the latter ?
Lord J. RUSiELL would only say, in reply to the ques-
tions put, that he should have been glad to have availed him-
self of the report alluded to ; but that neither he nor his
right hon. friend, the President of the Board of Control, had
received any such document.
Lord STANLEY said that it had become generally known
that an ordinance by a local legislature at Demerara had
issued to encourage emigration, which had been sent over for
gap pua pvn rei
eor
(Inv aebl
yet
noatnthhe oardd gedori
sviaenl rl neciwou
eue
dnn
.ct
ilTa
That,
oehr ov
tme
ht eue
directionh Te wh ei sv , e
rh, oowwf
was
tsvheeere , h
ec
uot
roe:
enoi anis
igdoevreerdn ms
aetni
stfaaest
ut
roy h eHseo
wished
sohfe
dm
teuas
ku ruee
wwhiwch
twhoeur led a
üb;
objection to lay on the table a copy of the ordinance
Lord J. ii.ussELL said his noble friend was quite correct
in statinc, that such an ordinance as that alluded to had been
forwarded' to that country, but it was not the fact that any
order in council to the effect mentioned had been sent out to
Demerara; bun a despatch had been forwarded to the go-
vernor, accompanied by a sketch of an ordinance, which it
was hoped, would, if passed, be eonsidered satisfactory to
Government and the colonists. It was not usual to give a
copy of such documents to the ordinance in question, but he
he should have no objection to lay on the table copies of the
despackhes on this subject.
Lord STANLEY asked whether there would be'any objec-
tion to the production of the reasons alleged for the dis-
allowance of the ordinance.
Lord J. RUSSELL said the reasons would be found in the
despatches alluded to
byAa motionityfourfanl3o6the tur trialB6.of the Bude lights was carried
S motion fotirletleleaupmpositnatumeeesnteffofeeatiusgeltehcet
comMinr.ittSeLeArOEinquire into Y
hl
ue
taoilotnnh of the i nFlitaßbsi tran.
Ftßs uof
a slargeu towns
TENTHS.was atg lo•efe
the to .r e s -
Mufrt.heAcGLlOmNinttYeeniofffthinegwthhualtethhoeusreepuour.
the subject of
first-fruits and tenths be brought up,
motion M Mr. Gf
uorubii.
inuogui
uNg mu
po vt ehde a
resolution nega i ve .On a
w a
s lost
hdyi vision, ou
majority, t h e
of 54 to 46.—Adjourned.

HOUSE OF LORDS.—FRIDAY.
The Lord CHANCELLOR presented his promised bill,
understood to be respecting new judges for the Court of
Clnncery, but which he called a bill " to facilitate the ad-
ministration of justice." He made no observation upon it,
as the Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer was not present,
but simply presented the bill. It was read the first time,
his lordship adding that he would hereafter name the day for
the second reading.
On motion of Lord ELLENBOROUGH, the Vaccination
Extension Bill, was read the second time.

--- -
There was again a conversation between the Marquis of
Westmeath and the Marquis of Normanby respecting the
commutation of the sentence of death on the convict Lynam,
in Dublin ; but no information was elicited, the noble Home
Secretary stating that, if a specific motion were submitted,
be would endeavour to meet it.
After the presentation of many petitions on various sub-
jects, their lordships adjourned.

HOUSE OF COMMONS.—FRIDAY.
After the presentation of an immense number of petitions,
Mr. Fox MAuLt presented the reports of the poor law
commissioners, containing also remarks on past and pro.

jected measures regarding the poor, and of the inspectors of
prisons, Scotland.
Mr. CRAWFORD stated that, on Monday, he should pre-
sent a petition from persons interested in the opium delivered
at Canton. _ _

Mr. WODEHOUSE stated that on Tuesday he should move '
an address to her Majesty, praying that she would be pleased
to order the report of Dr. Bowring, relative to the Prussian-
Germanic League, to be laid on the table of the house
" forthwith."
Mr. ACKLAND asked when the papers respecting the grant
of education would be presented.
Lord J. RUSSELL answered that he had already presented
them, and that they would be printed forthwith.
Lord LINCOLN asked when the constabulary bill, which the
Under Secretary for the Home Department had obtained
leave to bring in, would be presented.
Mr. F. MAULE intimated that he had received so many
suggestions, that the bill was altered, but it would be pre-
sented soon.
Mr. GOOULBURN inquired whether despatches had•-been
received to the effect that, in the legislative council of New
South Wales, propositions were made for the establishment
of schools in which the tenets of the Roman Catholic faith
were to be taught.
Lord J. RUSSELL' answered that there had not been re-
ceived any such official communication.
Sir J. GRAHAM repeated a question that he formerly put,
as to whether the Government had received any official com-
munications with regard to hostilities between the British
and Chinese vessels, of which Lord J. Russell admitted that
he had received private information.
Lord J. RUSSELL again answered that no official informa-
tion had been received on the subject. The letters received
were not such as he could produce to the house.
Sir J. GRAHAM continued—Was there no communication
by the last mail?
Lord J. RUSSELL rejoined—none.
Sir J. GRAHAM asked whether, by the last arrival from
India, no further intelligence repecting the proceedings at
Canton had been received.
Lord PALMERSTON answered that uo accounts later than

those already laid on the table of the house had been received
—no official accounts. His lordship, shortly before the house
adjourned, said that since he gave the former answer, he had
received dispatches from China, dated October and Novem-
ber 3, and which should be printed by Monday. The first
represented that arrangements had beeh made for re-opening
the trade; the ships, however, to remain below the port,
disturbances arose, and led to the action which had been no-
ticed in the newspapers, and the arrangements were conse-
quently broken off.
Mr. ENVAILT asked the President of the Board of Control
wilet.hcr I.e was able to give any further information regard-
ing the growth of tea in India ; and whether he had any
communication to make respecting the letting of free lands

in that country.
Sir J. HODNOUSE answered that he should have no ob-
jection to give all the information he was in possession of
upon both points.
On motion of Lord J. RUSSELL (his lordship deferring
the question of privilege arising out of ti.e Serjeant-at-Arms'
communicatiou and evidence) the house, after some discus-
sion, in which Sir E. Sugden, Mr. Pemberton, &c. took
part, resolved into committee on the printed papers (sum-
mary protection) bill, in which, it will be seen, a desultory
discussion also ensued, and amendments were proposed.
Mr. JONES moved, as an amendment, a clause to subject
persons giving false evidence before committees of the House
of Commons to the pains and penalties of perjury, though
such evidence be not given on oath."
After extended discussion, the committee divided on it,
and it was negatived by—ayes, 20 ; noes, 120 ; majority
against it, 100.
On motion of Lord J. RUSSELL, the house then resumed
the consideration of Messrs. Hansard's petition, representing
that Stockdale had commenced another action ; and his
lordship proposed to pursue the course adopted regarding the
former actions, and he moved that, in commencing such
action, John Joseph Stockdale had been guilty of contempt
of the privileges of the house.
After short discussion, and opposition to it from Sir R.
Inglis, Mr. Law, &c., the house divided, and the resolution
was carried by—ayes, 98; noes, 35; majority in its favour, 63.
The house resolved into committee of supply, in which
Mr. Maeauley moved the remaining army estimates.

M. Meyerbeer has been made a chevalier of the order of
St. Ernest by the Duke of Saxe Gotha, on occasion of a
grand musical composition made by him for the opening of
the theatre of Gotha.
The solicitors to the assignees under Chambers bankruptcy
sent in a bill for £350, of which £305 was struck off on taxa-
tion. One item disallowed was a charge of £29 18s. 6d. for
circulars convening a meeting of the creditors.
We understand that the breadth of land sown with wheat
is this year greater than for several past years, and at the
same time that the stocks in the hands of farmers are much
more considerable than at a corresponding period in 1839.

The Archbishop of Canterbury has been pleased to confer
upon the Rev. Thomas Jessop, 8.D., vicar of Wighill,
Yorkshire, the degree of doctor in divinity, in sole consi-
deration of his eminence in learning and the high respect-
ability of his clerical character. _

MURDER.—Notice has been issued from the office of the
Secretary of State, offering £2OO reward for the discovery of
two persons who, on Monday night last, attacked and bar-
barously murdered Shadrach Lewis, of Parkydroifa, in the
county of Pembroke.

On Wednesday evening last, some villains contrived to ob-
tain ingress to the bed-room of Mr. E. Hulrue, Boardman-
street, Manchester, and took from a drawer upwards of £2OO
in notes and cash. £2O reward is offered for the apprehen-
sion of the thieves.

FLEETWOOD.—We understand that the lighthouse which is
erecting at this port, under the superintendence of Captain
Denham, R.N. is expected to be ready in a short time. It is
supposed that the first light will be shown early in April.—
Preston Pilot.
We are informed that such is the pleasingr, progress of tem-
perance among the working population of Birmingham that
the consumption of beer, since Christmas, supplied this:A.loi
the beer-houses, has fallen more than one-third from the
quantity usually consumed at corresponding periods.—Bir-
mingh ana Advertiser.

The cod fishery is at present prosecuted with a spirit and
success hitherto unprecedented. It is estimated that during
the bygone week not fewer than from 6000 to 7000 have been
taken on the bank off Douglas Head ; the average price vary-
ing from 9d. to is. each. Immense quantities are forwarded
by steam to Liverpool, exclusive of those purchased by the
numerous " runners" for the English market.—Mona
beral.

QUITE ROMANTIC.—A Mr. Wood, of Broadstairs, is an-
nounced to have received the appointment of page to the
Queen; and the papers say this lucky Mr. Wood, when a
little boy, was found by the royal party sleeping on the beach
at Ramsgate, when the Duchess of Kent asked him if he
would like to enter her service. He, of course, said he had
no objection, and was made footman to the Queen.
An attorney, named Else, rather diminutive in his stature,
and not particularly respectable in his character, once met
Mr. Jekyll. " Sir," said he, " I hear you have called me a
pettifogging scoundrel. Have you done so, sir ?" " Sir,"
replied Jekyll, with a look of comtempt, " I never said you
were a pettifogger or a scoundrel ; but I have said you were
little Else ?"

THE MARQUIS CAMDEN.—This venerable nobleman, on
Wednesday last, paid into the Bank of England, as teller of
the exchequer, the sum of £23,536 135., which, added to the
sums previously given to the nation by his lordship, makes
the amount voluntarily surrendered by him no less than three
hundred and forty-two thousand and sixty-six pounds.

TRIALS.—(From a Yorkshire Correspondent.)—A coun-
trymen thus lately uubosomed himself to a " Ranter"
preacher, who took occasion to ask him how he felt himself.
Why, sir," quoth Hodge, " I've had trials as big as gae-
v6locks (iron crowbar) to swallow, but th' grease oth' Lord
bad softened them, and they slipped down my throat like tal-
low candles."—Preston Chronicle.

VALUABLE MINE.—A remarkably strong and valuable
vein of lead ore has lately been discovered, and is now work-
ing, in the plantation near Jenkin Hill, in Thornthwaite.
As much as eight tons of pure metal have been raised by two
workmen in about a fortnight. Numerous extraordinary
massive specimens of solid ore have already been taken out,
varying from two to five cwt. each. It is considered to be
the strongest vein of solid ore ever cut in this neighbour-
hood. The shareholders' prospects are at present very flat-
tering.—Whitehaven Herald.
The command on the Brazil station has been offered to
Rear-Admiral Sir James Alexander Gordon, K.C.8., and
no flag-officer will in future be sent to the Cape. How far
the Brazil command will extend, or who will have charge of
the African coast, we are not aware; but it is believed that
Commodore Sulivan's successor will have charge of the Cape.
We further understand, that a commodore is to be sent into
the Pacific, and that another commodore will have charge of
the African coast.—Hampshire Telegraph.
CATTLE CHALLENGE!—The following challenge for 1,000
guineas, open to breeders and feeders of sheep in all Eng-
land, appears in the Doncaster Gazette :--One hundred
shorn wether lamb-hogs, bred and fed within twelve miles of
Blyth, in the county of Nottingham, not exceeding sixteen
months old at the time of showing, will be ready to be ex-
hibited against the same number and description of sheep
(on the 28th of May next, at Blyth), that are bred and fed
within twelve miles of any point in England, for 1,000
guineas. The stakes will be made on application to Mr.
Inett, Barnby Moor, near Retford, any time when accepted.
THE WEATHER.—We have had another week of delight-
fully fine weather,—the sun shining brightly during the day,
and the sky clear and spangling in the night. The operations
of the farmer in casting his corn seed to the ground have
gone on briskly and advantageously. A bushel of March
dust is said to be worth a king's ransom : we hope the old
proverb will not be belied on this occasion. The silvery
snow-drop, the golden crocus, the bright hepatica, and other
earlier harbingers of spring have already unfolded their sim-
ple and pleasing beauties, and given cheerfulness and anima-
tion to the flower garden,—while the thrush, and other early
songsters of the grove, have commenced "warbling their na-
tive wood-notes wild."—Manx Liberal.

NEW BANK OF ENGLAND NOTE.—It has always been
contended that beauty of design and workmanship is one of
the best securities against forgery. This is at last felt even
by the Directors of the Bank of England, and a new bank
note is in preparation from a design by Sir Richard Westma-
cott, to be engraved by J. H. Robinson, and is expected to
contain every beauty which art is capable of giving to it.
What will be in this respect the character of the postage
stamps, may be inferred from the artists who are employed in
the production of them. We need only mention the names
of W. Mulready, W. Lyon, J. Thompson, C. Heath.—
Westminster Review.
ri sahnergeleali
ar
:anlrde
already
-
WEALTH OF THE CHURCH.—The income of the clergy, of
every kind whatever, amounts to less than three niilions and
a half; if equally divided, would give about £3OO per annum
clergymantiTnnoohsetethardceihlusyteyianartl.ohees ; and in the whole is about
sum spent by the people of England in tobacco and snuff.
tobaccosoohntahpaet
eitfsweoeuhfflad,seor
appearf
eteenneeexte
icheeaetidnewdsemtthehrkreeuestm fromui l millions
i ouro
then s
cdieguatr,elceorngysimdearuabullylmo,oioreo tphaarnishiessr.equired to furnish a resi-
vfsoaelyrSlasoTlwißtdiAnrhaNgamscsatEnosorShydrao:: STORY.—The
been
Ti
foundedths e
truth,Journal
ueplothnedeaeoiS similarmi
it
yfetrdnameo
igsui
tvrhre
occurrence
nt
ctshee e.:
uleathhYtthe.e faith of a letter from Adrianople, and
Adrianople, for the army. Towards the end of village
Januarynnehaer
•-" About twelve years ago, a young Turk le
returned, and, concluding from the change in his appearance
he
atlpiaptlihede
acto
theuld dnwo e longerl li u g
of b
he i
s recognised
mother a
sbay
stranger,
quested hospitality for the night, intending to make himself
known to all the family in the morning,
done to his sister, who lived in another part of the village,y
and to whom he had confided his intention of causing ar
drew
n outse n tthehides .
fruitspulri In
purse,
,heiefu coursehiwsheiceehl ofitoht theny .
agreeable surprise to their mother. The old woman made
some difficulty in complying with his request on account of
hdtree
evening, the young ere
piastres in gold,
gold, an infernal thought came over the
At the sight of the
her poverty, but atmleanng
mind of the mother, and, when
her son was asleep, she
taken the p, c cut
andhaving purse con-
cealedoff his head with a hatchet,
were about 2,000
to inquire after the stranger,
the victim called on her mother
her roof; and surprised at
who had passed the night under
told her mother that the
the body. Early on the following day, the sister of
not seeing or hearing of him, she_
to her. The
he had conceived for revealing himself
which she had
horror-
struck mother now confessed the crime of
brought the
stranger was her own son, and related the project which he
been guilty, and her cries of remorse having ,
neighbours to the spot, she was taken into custody. ',

THE GERMAN LEAGUE AND THE CORN-LAWS.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE STANDARD.

" Tell me of corn !
That was my speech—and I will speak't again
The people had more absolute power,
I say their nourish'd disobedience fed
The ruin of the state."

37, Wood-street, March 10, 1840.
Sir,—The popular outcry at this moment, is for a repeal of
the corn-laws ; and hired lecturers are progressing through
the country, in many instances giving a false colouring to
this most important and difficult question of legislation, for
the purpose of forcing the government into a compliance with
the demands of the " Milocracy," who, under an apprehen-
sion that the future demand for their productions will be di-
minished by the natural competition of other countries,
think, (or profess to think) to find a remedy in a measure
which, if complied with, will reduce the value of the home
trade without augmenting the foreign.
One of the hacknied arguments in favour of a repeal of the
corn-laws is that they prevent the exportation of British
manufactures to European countries producing corn.
An assumption is here made, and the inference calculated
to be drawn by the attendants on- the corn-law lectures—that
the countries alluded to produce little or nothing but corn ;
or that if they do manufacture at all, it is only because
England will not take their corn in exchange for her manu-
factures.
It is also asserted that our exports to Continental Europe
are already considerably diminished during the last few years,
and this impression has taken root even among members of
of the legislature itself.
The proper way of dealing with so gross a fallacy is to exhi-
bit facts. The following table is from the Board of Trade,
and it would have been brought down to 1839 but from the
circumstance of the annual official report published being
kept back, waiting matter from the Poor-law Commission-
ers :
British Manufactures and Productions exported to all
Europe.

In 1828 £14,105,000
1830 15,954,000
1836 18,970,000
1838........
showing an increase upon the year 1838 over 1828 of
£7,598,000.
• Of these exports about £9,000,000 are annually exported
to Germany and Holland, whilst our imports do not exceed
£4,000,000, leaving a balance of £5,000,000 in favour of
England, at present paid in specie to this country.
According to all hitherto received authorities, this is the
most valuable traffic a nation can have ; but new lights have
broken in upon us, and all that has the rust of experience on
it, is cast aside as useless.*
It is also asserted by the " repealers," that if England
took her corn from Germany, the Germans would cease to
be manufacturers ; this is as great a fallacy as the former.
The heated imaginations of the " immediate and absolute
repealists" will not permit them to recollect, that the long
warfare in which Europe was involved by the ambition of
Bonaparte, caused the destruction of all the factories and
looms that formerly existed in Germany ' • and that the unin-
terrupted tranquillity enjoyed since the battle of Waterloo,
has encouraged a gradual investment of capital in those arts
and manufactures, in which they in olden times excelled,
and many of which in fact they imparted to us.
That a country like Germany (Saxony in particular), pos-
sessing in abundance mines of iron, lead, copper, silver, tin,
cobalt, arsenic, coal, sulphur, salt, &c., &c., with navigable
rivers, good roads, and a most philosophic, patient, and in-
dustrious population, will retrace itself, and merely till the
earth, because England may require some few millions in
value of corn annually, is really too absurd to require com-
ment.
But there now exist other causes why Germany must, of
necessity, (provided the peace of Europe continues uninter-
rupted,) become a most formidable manufacturing rival to
this country ; and these causes no government could have, or
possibly can have effectually provided against.
The German confederation," or " Prussian league," is
now nearly matured, and may be properly termed a " Rus-
sian Germanic confederation" against Great Britain ; for it
is under Russian auspices this confederation has been pro-
moted and fostered, and the principles alluded to in the note
below ure to be strictly adhered to. A few years since was
drawn up " A Memoir on the State of Germany, and her
future commercial prospects, under the direction of a Mi-
nister at St. Petersburgh, and confidentially communicated
to several of the German Government," with an express un-
derstanding that Russia would be the protector of the
" German Confederation," and that under its auspices a
preference for German manufactures would be given by
Russia ; and not only a trade with Turkey and Persia be
guaranteed, but that a commercial route should be opened
into central India.
Russia has now Persia and Turkey at her feet—she has
driven her frontier forward upon Germany and upon North- •
ern India—has the Black and Caspian seas at her command ;
and, taking advantage of our rupture with China, has re-
cently sent an embassy to Pekin.t
By the table of exports to Europe, it is evident we have
hitherto sustained no injury ; but even those tables show a
balance of trade against us as regards Russia, who, for years
past, has been striking at our commerce, by the adoption of
fiscal measures amounting almost to prohibition. The pro-
spective is, however, near at hand, and the time has arrived
when it becomes the duty of the legislature to enter upon the
inquiry (in connection with the corn-laws) of the future com-
mercial prospects of England, and not be carried away by
the representations of the mercantile community to inflict
an injury upon the agriculturiits, and thus eventually bring
about one common ruin ; for if the corn-laws were repealed,
and the German ports opened, whatever amount they receiv-
ed from us, either in gold or half-manufactured articles (such
as yarns, twists, &c.), they would invest towards the exten-
sion of factories and mills, and thus increase the evil. 3:
The repealists, in their discussions, sink the value of the
British home trade altogether, which is of infinitely more va..7
hue than all the foreign trade we even have done, or shall do..
Supposing the rental of the land to amount £160,000,000
per annum, a repeal of the corn-laws would reduce it to
£120,000,000, by which the home trade would be depreciated
in a corresponding degree, to the utter ruin of a vast number
of shopkeepers and traders. It is a remarkable feature of
the timeS, that this portion of the community are so blind to
their particular interests upon this important and complicated

question.
The pretence that the labourer anti artisan will be bene-
fitted by a repeal, is altogether a delusion, for in proportion
as the loaf is reduced, so will the factory owners reduce the
wages of their workpeople, and thus in every way will the
circulating medium of the country be contracted ; whilst the
interest of the national debt will remain the same, and the
current expenses of the country (from the position Russia
has assumed) go on increasing...
The corn-law question is one of the most abstruse charac-
ter, and it is earnestly to be hoped that the government (now
it is about to be discussed again) will not make it a measure
of expediency to popular clamour, but go into it with a sin-
cere intention to support the interests both of the corn
grower and the manufacturer, for unless the former is in a
flourishing condition the latter must inevitably decline.
There are two main considerations :-
Ist. What advantage will it be to the artisan and trader if,
in proportion as bread falls, wages and profits are to be re-
duced ?
2nd. In the event, of war or short crops in the countries
we are called upon to depend on for corn, how is this country
to be protected from famine, or, what is equally bad to the
poor, famine prices ?
The legislature will also do well to consider that any ma-
terial alteration in the protection yet given to the agricultu-
ral interests, may only ameliorate what must eventually take
place, viz., the extension of German commerce and wealth,
and her manufacturing powers increased to as great an extent
as those of Great Britain, whilst the former will be unin-
cumbered with debt, and with a mere nominal taxation, and
the latter burthened with the interest of a heavy national
debt, and enormous annual expenses of government. -
The following extract from an Augsburgh Gazelle will
evince the feeling towards England :—" The English corn
bill does our agriculturists but little injury ; it is far more
prejudicial to English merchants. At all events, it does not
seem likely that Germany will make a treaty with England,
for our views and interests are too much opposed to, each
other."
In fact, turn to vvhatever German document you will, the
same tenor of feeling is exhibited. The Germans desire no-
thing more than to see the corn laws repealed, promising a
reciprocal treaty when that is effected, that it is thus they
amuse such men as are put out by the Board of Trade (here)
to negotiate on commercial matters with some of the first
diplomatists in the world.
At this moment England presents the humiliating and
lamentable spectacle of a mighty nation directing its powers
and energies against itself—blinded and hoodwinked by fo-
reigners, and alternately bullied and cajoled by factions at
home. With a decaying trade and revenue, and increased
expenditure, great must be the moral energies by which
(under Providence) this country will be enabled to hold its
position among nations—still
" Naught shall England rue.
If to herself she prove but true."

WILLIAM HULL,

* Grotius, Vatel, Puffendorf, and others, hold-
-Ist. That as the number of inhabitants constitutes the
strength of a nation, so its real riches will arise from having
a great number of people employed at the expense of other
states.

2d. That in the balance of trade (which arises from one
state selling more goods than it takes in return, and which is
paid in the precious metals) consists the profit of such trade.
3d. That every farthing expended with a foreign state for
articles which may be produced at home is a double loss to
the nation, as being so much money sent away from the
country, and so much loss to the native artisan and labourer,
who would be otherwise employed in producing them.
These principles have ever been maintained by the Duke
of Wellington in and out of power.
"l* The Saxons are at this moment actively engaged in
opening a trade with the United States and South America,
particularly in cotton hose, woollens, &c. ; and the Dutch
arc now invited to become parties to the " League," under
a promise of a preference to the productions of Java to those
of our colonies.

—fani;fiiieniial German m.anufactnrer recently told the
author that all the profit made by corn exported to England,,
is employed in promoting the principles of the Prussian
League.

A Hindoo, named Gobind. Chunder Gosain, an inhabitan
of Balle, died lately, leaving no less than 100 widows.—
.

Asiatic Journal.

OYSTERS.—The oysters at the British coasts have long
been admitted to be the best procurable in Europe. The
Romans paid great prices for them, although it is not likely
that they would then be taken to Italy in a very fresh state.
Of the British coasts, the districts most famous for their
oysters are the shores of Kent and Essex. Those found
near Milton in Kent, and usually called the " native"
oysters, are perhaps the very best ; they are small, round,
plump, and white, with thin shells, which are easily opened.
The oysters found in the river Coln, on which stands the
town of Colchester, in Essex, are also of excellent quality,
and arc renowned over the whole island. Marlow has made
them classical by causing Justice Greedy, in " A New Way
to Pay Old Debts," to say that he had nothing to speak of
this morning before breakfast, except a barrel of Colchester
oysters. The Coln, near that town, forms a great many
arms and creeks exceedingly well suited for the formation of
oyster-banks. The Dorsetshire oysters rank next in esti-
mation to those of Essex. Those of Pool, especially, hold
a high reputation, as do those also of Feversham in Kent, of
the Isle of Wight, and of Tenby on the coast of South
Wales. Vast quantities are carried to the continent from the
Kentish coasts. Several hundred vessels were at one time
employed annually in this trade alone. In London, during
the proper season, the trade in oysters is very considerable,
both for exportation into the country and native consump-
tion. The dealers bestow great pains in preserving and
feeding the oysters in tubs, containing an infusion of salt
water and a little oatmeal. Besides those on the English
shores, oyster-banks are common on the northern coasts of
Ireland. The Scottish capital has been, till a recent period,
plentifully supplied with good oysters from the Firth of
Forth, in its immediate vicinity. Nearly opposite to Leith,
there was a large deptit of them, formed around or near the
objectsbedsn
eoafr
islet of Inchkeith. Local poets speak with rapture of the
delicious caller (that is. fresh) oysters which were to be had
in Edinburgh for evening festivities. From mismanagement,
tonarotifficitsial rsthseurpnplsiiedde. from
or some other cause, the Edinburgh oysters have greatly
degenerated in quality ; and the town has consequently lost
Arklow,. a little to the east, and oysters are conveyed thence
Sutton, Polebeg, and Dalkey, places but a short way from
Dublin, additional supplies procured for the tables of the
athttre accatpioitnal, oDnutbbleinnoi
are
Irish metropolitans.

Sob fpping ii lii ttrae.

FRIDAY, MAHCII 13.—Wind N.N.W.

•ARRI V ED—Greyhound, Revett, from Messina—Christiana, On-
singnaze, from Bilboa—Fanny Palmer, —, from Smyrna—
George, , from Marseilles—Queen Victoria, Thompson, from
Natchez—Napier, Sandford, and United States, Britton, from New
York—Monongahela, Turley, from Philadelphia : sailed 16th Feb.—
Adriana, Bale, from Monte Video and Cork—Dit-on, —, from
Jersey—John Blake, --, from Odessa—Carena, Hayden, from
Palermo.

Balfour, Foster, hence at Bombay, 3rd Jan.
Reliance, Hall, hence at ditto, sad Jan.
Amelia. Tensdaile, hence at Havana
Alert, \ldler, hence at Charente
Phillips, —, hence to Arica, was spoken 4th Dec. in lat. 48 N.
long. 80 W.
Agenora, —, hence to —, was spoken 18th Jan. IS N.
Jong. as W.
•• The Nemises, (iron steamer) hence at Portsmouth, and reported
to be leaky, having been on the Leven Stones
. • • Two Sisters, Tinley, sailed frOm Madras for this port 14th Jan.
Berenice, (steamer) from Suez, at Bombay on the 10th Jan. with
the London mail of 4th Dec.
Mary, Duncan, from Genoa for this port, at Crookhaven
Rob Roy, Marsh, from Vifginia, off Cape Clear
Cognac Packet, —, from Cape Good Hope at ditto
Edward, —, hence for Danzig, at Plymouth
Faerie Queen, ' sailed from China for Manilla and New.
South Wales, December, and John O'Gannt, for Liverpool, 10th
December
Earl Durham, —, from the Coast, at Valparaiso, and was to
sail for Liverpool Ist Dec.
Sunda, Greig, from London for China, was wrecked 12th Oct.
on the island of Hainan ; 17 persons drowned

SATURDAY, MARCH
14.—Wind N.W. fresh.
En.—Mountaineer, Williams, from Jamaica; sailed 15th
Jan.—Solon, Buckman; Panthea, Parker, and Vistula, Pendleton,
from New Orleans—Heron, Wengood, from Bermuda—Amphitrite,

.._....._. _
—, from Odessa—Bessy Robertson, Christie, from Zante—
Rosabel, Collings, from Cephalonia—Courier, Stanford, from
Smyrna—Levant Packet, Toay, from Trieste—Melaneira, Sampson,
from Palermo—lsis, Scott, from Ancona—Naiad, Phillips, from
Terranova—Mina, Gibson, from Terceira—Bocauna, Row, from
St. Michael's—and Benobia, Swan, from Seville.

Alert. for Algiers and Monte Video, has put back
Echo, Cornelian, hence at Vera Cruz '
Formosa, Reick, hence for Pilieu, off Cape Wrath, 6th March
Farewell, Korsch, hence at Pentland Frith, and proceeded Bth
March for Pillau
Spy, -, from the Mediterranean and Lloyds, -, from
Licata for Liverpool, off Gibraltar
Cyprus, Nichols, from Odessa. at Falmouth
Norfolk, , from Mauritius. off ditto : sailed 15th Dec.
In lat, 35, long. 21, spoke the Cambrian, from Mauritius for Liver-
pool. On Ist March, in lat. 50, long. 14, spoke the Sir Henry Par-
nell, from Monte Video for Liverpool
Marys, Bravey, from Licata, off Falmouth
Dundee Merchant, from Smyrna, off Cove
Mary Brade, . from Odessa. do
Freedom, Daily, from New Yarmouth for Liverpool, off Bnzhiim
London, Taylor, hence at Calcutta 22nd Dec.

Argyle. boN4an,hence at ditto Ist Jau.
Patriot Queen, Hoodless, sailed from Calcutta 27th Dec. ; Emily,
Brock, 38th Dec. ; Ripley, Steward, 29th Dec.; Blorenge, Banks,
2nd Jan. and Wm. Jardine, Crosbie, 19th Jan. all for Liverpool.
The Duke of Lancaster was to sail 21st Jan. for Liverpool
Otterspool, —, sailed from Saugor 4th Jan. and Jessie Logan,
16th Jan. both for Liverpool
Balfour, Foster, sailed from Bombay for Liverpool 29th Jan.
Tyrer, Shadwell, and Mars, Gardner, hence at China
John Horton, Cunningham, sailed China for Liverpool Nov.
Lancaster, Jefferson, hence for Bombas, was spoken in lat. 32 S,
long. 25 E
H.M.S. Pique, (36) from Portsmouth, at Plymouth, and sailed
11th March, for India
Merchant, Jordan, from Charleston, at the Clyde
Margaret Forbes, King, from New Orleans for Liverpool, off Cape
Clear _

—.—.
Amiga, Dalrymple, hence for Valparaiso, was off the Skerries,
ou the 11th March, at midnight •

SUNDAY, MABCII Is.—Wind N.W. moderate.
Altaivan.—Meridian, Williams; Margaret Forbes, King: Ma-
jestic, Mustard; Mary Kingsland, M'Cerran ; North America,
Baker; Helen, Smith; Eliza Ann, Barber; Eleanor, M'Pherson :
Columbia, Clark ; St. Clair, Putnam, and Ellen Brooks,
from New Orleans—Shenandoah, West, from Philadelphia—Re-
public, —, from Charleston—Orange Branch, Hammerford,
from Terceira—Brilliant, —, and Selina, —, from the Me-
diterranean—Hector, —, from Ceylon—Ralph Wylan, 144`Ken-
zie, from Odessa—Abbots Reading, Renner, from Lima—lnca,
Harrison, from Honduras—Rob Roy, —, from Virginia—James
Lyon, —, from Belize—Elizabeth, —, from Newfoundland
—Lady Harvey, Alexander, from Leghorn—Ambassador,
from Natchez—Priscilla, —, from Arequipa—Tacitus, Moore;
Mayflower, Weeks, and Eli Whitney, Hardy, from Savannah—
Virginian, Hussey, and Jacob Pennel, Martin, from Charleston.

Chatham, Dick, from Cameroons, at this port; sailed 2Sth Nov.
and from Fernando 3rd Dec. On the 6th Jan. spoke the Emma, of
Liverpool.
Charles Hamerton, Davies, from Cape Hayti, at Liverpool; left
the Orlon loading for the Cape of Good Hope
Huntress. Putman, from New Orleans, at Liverpool; sailed 11th
,Feb. from the City, and 12th Feb. from the bar
Windermere, Brown, sailed from Mauritius for Calcutta 29th Nov.
Hope, Douglas, hence at Sierra Leone
Mischief, Jones, from Genoa, at Messina
Eliza Scotland, Smith, sailed from Messina for Liverpool 15th
Feb. and Hawk, Henderson, lath Feb. for Palenno and Liverpool
Eclipse, Ray, hence at Bourdeaux
Amelie, Bonnet; Sidonie, Olive, and Delphine, Chauvelin, hence
for Rochefort, at Camaret
Dibdin, -, hence for Mobile, was spoken 22nd Feb. In let.
49, long. 22
David, Adair, from Maracaibo for Liverpool, at Crookhaven
Lady Gordon, -, from Scarbro' at Crookhaven, leaky
Reliance, Dunley. from Ceara for Liverpool, at Kinsale : in want
of water

Jane Thompson, - , from the Cape of Good Hope, at Fal-
mouth -

Ravenswood, Frazer, from Port-au-Prince, at Falmouth. On
2nd March. in lat. 52, long. 13, spoke the Breeze, and Meteor,
from Liverpool. On sth March, in lat. 50, long. 11 19, spoke the
Queen Victoria, from Natchez for Liverpool
Orozimbo, , hence at New Orleans

MONDAY, Mallet' 16.
ARRlVMD.—Catherine Jackson, Long, from New Orleans—Mer-
sey, Edwards, from Mobile—Tacitus, Moore; Mayflower, Weeks;
and Eli Whitney, Harding, (sailed 10th Feb.) from Savannah—
Jacob Pennell. Martin, (sailed 3rd Feb.) Virginia, Hussey, and
Levant, Bartlett, (sailed sth Feb.) from Charlestou—Rebecca,
Drake, from St, John, N.B.—William IV, —, from Seville—
Priscilla, Taylor, from Licati—Beccles, —, from Alexandria—
Sophia, —, from Messina—Patras, —, from Palermo—
Comier, , from Smyrna—and Active, Russell, from Terceira.
ALso anarvEn.—Alam, Aikens, and Ellen Clare, Roberts, from
Cork—Barbara, Purdy, from DoAalk—Feronia, Jones, and Sarah
Ann. Lloyd, from London. •
SAILED —Sheridan, De Peyster ; Kutusoff, Taylor, and Memphis,
Nicholls, for New York—Admittance, Smith, for Havana—Ariel,
Hoodless, for St. John, N.B.—Esk, Adamson, for Pernambuco—
Hercules, Pashell, for Mobile—Lord Althorp, Jackson, for Rio—
Reindeer, Kemp. for VeniCe—Duncan, Robertron, for St. Jelin;
N.l3.—Mathew, Johnston, for Naplee—Jenny Jones, Pidgeon, for
Odessa—Eblaua, Rowlands, for Trinidad—Charles, Jones, for Bar-
badoes, &c.—Wm. Wright, Flagg, for-St. John, N.B.—Alert, Barr,
for Monte Video—Earl Durham, Doane, for Halifax, N.S.—La
Laura, Seignac, for Bourdeaux—and Despatch, de Cruelly, for
Hayti.

Denison, Jones, from Demerara, at this port; • sailed 21st Jan.
The Jarrow sailed 19th for Liverpool. On 6th March, at 1 30,p.m,
in lat. 49 25, long. 13 30, saw a three masted Steamer steering
to the westward. Same day, at 9 p.m. in lat. 50, long. 19 10, saw
another Steamer steering to the westward. On gth March, Mizeu
Head bearing N.E. # East, 28 miles distant, ran foul of a sunken
vessel, showing two roasts above water
Zeno, Mossop, from Jamaica, at this port; sailed lath Jan. In
lat. 20. long. 50, spoke the Augusta, from New Orleans for Liver-
pool
Great Western, (steamer) from Bristol for New York, was seen
24tb Feb. at 1 p.m. in lat. 50 .27, long. 23 27
Calcutta, heuce at St. John, N.B.
Centaur, Fox ; Sphyrix, Luscombe ; Sarah Mills, Machell ;
Nereid, Jarvis, and Pearl, , hence at Gibraltar
Mary Lloyd, Donaldson; Activio, Frutas ; Torujo 2nd, Ahren,
and Amizade, Roadie, hence at Lisbon
Daniel, Mathews, sailed from Lisbon for Liverpool Bth instint

Windsor, Hayton, hence at Ceara
S. Joay S. Anna, Saldanha, and Lisbonense, Leo, hence at Oporto
Sir John Byng, Prince, from Smyrna, at Falmouth
Duchess of Gloucester, Scolly, from Zante, ditto
Dragon, Obelovich, from Trieste
Robert Ehms9 , from Berbice, at Savannah

Ben Nevis, Burns, hence at ditto
Venilia. Sutherland, from St. Domingo, at the Cove
. Allen, Helen & Elizabeth. from St. John, N.B. ditto

Hammond, Cowley,

ditto

ditto

- -
Colombian,
4th Jan.

-, hence for New South Wales, off the Cape

PAnsrow, March 14.—The wreck of the Schooner Liverpool,
reported Bth Feb. was sold yesterday for £67. Nancy, Allen,
hence to Newcastle, has been repaired, and is now taking in her
cargo

VESSELS ENTERED FOR LOADING.