The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-03-27 00:00:00

LOVI

This is the title of a drawl which every " man," worthy
of that prized name, must feel it au honour to notice in the
true spirit of eon w-nore criticism. The writer is one of the
author's acquaintances—perhaps snore—a personal friend.
That is admitted, were it ibr no other reason, than that
"hunters after objections" may, if they like, take excep-
tions to an acknowledpnent on the face of a critique, which,
with the worthy, must tell in favour of the reviewer and
reviewed.

" Love," has been published since November, 1839, and
has been performed at Coven.. Garden, and by the company
at .the Theatres-royal of Lancashire, with the- same dis-
tinguished lady in the caste who is now representiug the
leading character of the .piece in the eiecona town-of the
kingdom.
We have read the play carefully from first to last—preface
and dedication alone excepted ; and have seen it twice en-
acted. On these hints we proceed to speak, merely obser-
ving by the way, that thou -.4h v c have taken :lodic pains to
entitle ourselves to an opinion on the twofold nierits of this
production, yet, it is for others to see 'and jujge for them-
selves, as we make no pretension to that intuitive infallieility
to which nine-tenths of " critics" ludicrously lay claim.
The immediate pressure of assize inteilige..ee 'precludes us
giving an outline of either the acting plot or the story—two
wings as often confounded together .are frtquentle
and essentially independent of each other. This is 0.. e vit, I
reason why dramatic poems written for the'closet, and lyric 1
compositions adapted :or the stage, so generaily requir,
judgment of them to be reversed to be equitable. On this
anderstantiing our suggestion to parties-int resied in "
is this its twofold beauties will be best appreciated by
those who see it represented with the pictorial aids of the
stage first, and who read it in the spirit of analysis, for
more abiding impressions arterwarea..
Like all Knowles' works, Love, is a peculiar play, and in'
all of its charadteristies peculiar to hanseif. Suppose tie
had denied its paternity, every audience in every town of the
United Kingdom, would with cue voice have ailiidated the
offspring upon him, and him only. Wholly apart from
something like an adoption. if :net en imitation of the back
nauded style of the old authors, thereeis a peculiar idiom as
respects not the surface, but the under current of expression,
which is referable to a peculiar hab.t of ihriking or " turn cf
Mind," as it is conversationally terned.: zfy one wish h, a
bad the opportunities of observing Kno wles' table-talk,
fore or after dinner, (and what a cumeallionl) will adult tins.
It is immaterial what is the question " before toe "
from trout-catching to thougnts of Parnassus and Ltepia,
or of the luxury of wandering along tee banks of a CUill.
panionable river in dreamy reverie—or the active here :olenee
of sharing a last shilling with cone fellow sinner—Knowles
is Knowles. And this depends not on u mere idiom of words,
but an idiom of thought. fie cannot divest' himself of a
mannerism which depends on mer all. m, and perha,is it is en
this very account that all his writings are marked ay He mat.),
defects as beauties when measured by the root-rule of coliven-
tional criticism.

" Love" is imbued with beauties. -.Tastes differ; but tho'
inferior, as it is to his Virginius—his Hunchback and the
Tale of Mantua—in earnestness of drmetic passion. it more
than exceeds them in exquisite simplicity and delicacy of
finish. It is one of the sincerest of ell the sincere wr.taiza
of a manly and sincere =nor,. Much as we admire it,
however, it is as a literary. .composition chiefly, for we do
not think that it has those marked points in its action which
alone can secure for it such a place on the Stage us toe
Hunchback and the Wife e,,joy to this-hour.
As a play under representation, the interest may be said
to take a distinct form and to " progress" in consequence
of the striking results at the end of the second act. Tne
Countess's love for the serf is beyond suspicion : it is then
seen by the surrounding party, whicuinfinence hei• and her
fortune—t hawk-eyed, bu.ting party, and a busy, prying go-
between (Ulric), who makes an exit as a " felendly" tale r
bearer to the lady's aged father, exclaiming:
" A kingdom to a hawk she loves the serf."
The action advances, and the interest is made to turn on a
plot and counterplot, and is wrought out by a series -of trying
and finely-written interviews between the respectable go-
between of whom honourable mention has just been made
and the fathers—the father and the' serf—the serf and- his
lady-love, and then a marriage of implied rather than real
mystery. mystery. The fourth act has scenes which are of the highest
merit in every respect. All througla those Letween otter two
of the characters, namely, Catherine and Sir. Rupert, are
racy, comical, and piquant ; and the crowning scene, the
fourth, between /Juan and his unknown partner at the altar,
is equal to anything in the language.. The recoil of feeling
is finely conceived, finely written, and tellingly managed.
The construction of the fifth act is defective. Like all of the
last. acts by the same hand, it is unsustained. Excepting
" Virginius" and the " Hunchback," and perhaps " The
Wife," Knowles has not yet succeeded—comparing himself
with himself—in giving us .auy fifth act of striking dramatic
force. Either he does not do himself justice by giving him-
self the requiSite time, or he dilutes.hia Muse's art by de-
generating to the narrative- "over much," thereby weaken-
ing the general effect of his legitimate dramas when tested
by close criticism as regards their management as a whole.
When merely verbal explanations form the staple of a con-
cluding act—such act becomes an Appendix rather than an
integral part of that effective unity which is in everything
that has a.beginning a middle and an end.
•

Having said thus-much, and with something like impar-
tiality, considering the face of admission which was our as-
pect at starting, let us note what to many is the most agree-
able part of " criticism"—namely, the exceptionable !
Is the feeling and is the consciousness of the Countess not
to be censured with which she leaves her dying father at the
close of the first scene of the first act ? We think both are as
reprehensible as they are unlike Sheridan Knowles. Perhaps
he never thought of or noticed what we complain of. But it
has reason in't; and if not, it is for him and others
to judge. Thus :—a father, aged and infirm, feels him-
self to be dying, and under that truthful impression
blesses his daughter. Does he not believe that she has &xi-
fully done what his previous art could not effect ? and after
asking her father en her knees, once again to bless her in the
name ofthe All-seeing One. she knowing his belief and herown
jugging intentions, no sooner does he totter from one wins
of the apartment than she stealthily hastens from anutner to
ratify the very deed on the faith of security from which, the
olu.fathei. bestowed his va era A and fia.l blessing? This is
so like Bulwe: and so unlike tknovies, that we name it now,
and shall " pepper" him for it the neat time he gives us
speech.

With other exceptions which we shall recapitulate "wit
the malice of a friend." we had also marked a qui. be.- of
select passages -for extract—g-nas:of and gen-
uine transcri} is r,ei:ce. They v: ill keep tit Tuesday.
Meanwhile we cannot in fairness cor.clude without no icing the
admirable siylein which this play has Leen produced
at the Theatre-royal: With- those who have seen it, it
must set any cavilling dumb in respect of the no uq.eroent and
the painstaking of the company, .vhich however are receiving
" the good word" .of our contemporaries, thon4h all are not
—and never ,can,beutitstmous. Our respect for " can•
temporaris"—like their'S for us—is, of course, unbounded.

FATAL ACCIDENT.—On Friday afternoon laq, as William
‘Vorrall, a seaman engaged on board the bargne Grace, was
crossing the combings of the main hatchway or the American
ship Mayflower, a vessellyin; about third or t; urth from the
Grace, he fell into the hold, where he was found, lying on a
bale of cotton, with his heart bent under hls tirea:;t. He was
Wren up irmnediately and-co -ico-ed to: the Northern' Hos-
pital, where he was attenued by' Gaskell, one of the
surgeons, who stated that he died on Wednesday, cf a free-
ture of the spine, caused by the fall. An ing!rest was yes-
terday held on the body, before. P. F. Curry, E,q., coroner,
when-a verdict of "accidental death" was returned.

PREJUDICES —Every country has pareicular Prejudices
with regard to acceieratine personal impeevements ; but, with
a few barbarian exceptions, a set of tine Teetn is an &eject of
general solicittide. Tne present age abounds in useful and
elegant discoveries, (says an eminent meeober of the faculty,)
but all yield in beauty and utility to Rowland's Odonto,
which, as an embellisher and preserver of the Teeth, and
consequent promoter of coni nt and attraction, is certainly
the first dentifrice of the present age.—See advt.
The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint Mrs.
and the Misses Johnstone, of 16, D,,ver-street, Piccadilly,
‘to be dressmakers and milliners in ordinary to her Majesty.
The Postoffice authorities, for the convenience of the in-
habitants of Low-hill, Kensington, Fairfield, and neighbour-
hood, have established a receiving-box for letters and ne..vs-
papers, at the shop of Mr. C. Barnett, chemist, Low-hill,
from whence letters and newspapers are sent to the general
office twice a day (Sunday excepted) without any extra charge.
KNOWSLEY PARE, LANCASHIRE., MONDAY NIGHT.—
WC are concerned to state that the Earl of Derby has suffered
a relapse, and is now confined to his bed from the effects of
another paralytic stroke. His lordship was returning from
his afternoon's drive, on Wednesday last, at the hour of three,
p.m., and the servants were lifting him from the carriage,
when he fell into their arms insensible, in which state he was
conveyed to his chamber. An express was despatched to
Liverpool for professional assistance, and his lordship expe-
rienced some relief after being bled. Lord Stanley arrived
'a few minutes after his noble father was zeized with sudden
illness, from Latham House, the seat of Lord Shelmersdale,
whither the noble lord and Ladc Stanley had been summoned
from town on account of the alarming indisposition of her
mother, Lady Skelmersdale. Lord Derby's disorder has
taken a favourable turn, and there is no immediate danger ;
but Lord Stanley, who waS to leave for town by the railway,
has postponed his departure for a few days. His lordship's
son and daughter, the Hon. Edward Stanley and the Hon.
Miss Stanley, are expected to arrive to-morrow frOm town.
—.Hominy Herald of Tuesday.

AWFUL DEATH.—An inquest was held on Tuesday before
P. F. Curry, Esq. coroner, on the body of Thomas Williams,
labourer, aged 59 years. It app are d that the deceased was
engaged in holding timber carriages at the Brunswick Dock
Quay, for the purpose of being taken to the timber-yard of
Messrs. Dempsey. Frost. and Co. It was stated that ther3 is
a brow which leads from the road down to the edge or the
dock, which is used for the purpose of discharging vt se ;la
laden with timber. After the timber is taken froth the ees-
sel, it is draivn to the top of the brow, and. pleeed hi a eess.
The timber which deceased was engaged in loading was at
the top of the brow, and the horses were obliged to come
near the dock, with the hind wheels near the top of the brow,
in order to load the carriage. When one of these carriage!:
was laden, the driver celled out, and deceased was standing
about his own length from the near hind wheel when it was
set in motion. During the descent the wheels disturbed the
logs which caused them to slide off, one of the wheels struck
deceased and knocked him down- and another went over his
head, by which the upper part of his skull was completel cut
off, and his brains scattered on-the ground. A verdict was
returned of " Accidental death."
THE CALENDAR.—On referring to the Calendar for the
present South Lancashire Assizes, we find that there are 74
prisoners charged with having committed felony, of which
number six are indicted on charges of murder, and nine are
Bank and Mint cases ; of the misdemeanants, two are
charged with perjury, and twenty-seven for riotous and
seditious conspiracies, unlawful assemblies, and seditio: s
speeches, of whom 23 are out on bail, traversing- from the
last Assizes ; altogether, 103 prisoners, of whom 25 can
neither read nor write ; 16 read imperfectly, 30 read and
write imperfectly, 27 well, and 3in a superior manner. Of
the six prisoners charged iiith murder, 2 can neither read
nor write, 1 can only react imperfectly, 2 read and write well,
and 1 superiorly. Of the 27 charged with riotous and se-
ditious conduct, only one can neither read nor write, 4 read
imperfectly, 7 read and write imperfectly, 13 well, and 2 in a
superior manner. Doubtless, the last named culprits • are
men of weight in that class of society to which they be.
long—men destined by their superior education to take' a
prominent part amongst their-fellows ; and•it is lamentable
to see such men,—whose influence ought to be exerted for
the welfare of their brethren, and the well-being of society,
—urging those simple.mindcd individu its; whose ignorance
they should instruct, and whose actions thee should direct
into a virtrous course, to the committal ct seditious- out-
-rages, which can only bring them to disgrace and ruin. ,But
still, these can only read and write: how inech wore,:.thern.
are those to blame, who placed far above them in station and
intellectuality, have sanctioned their proceedings, and pro-
claimed them lawful ? How sincerely ought they to repent
of their past condact, on beholding the lentlie s-ef 051*-"thr4
a, a net the laws of their country,--of which are nomirenly
the guardiani, but virtually. the destroyers—which have been
created by their folly and tnisgoveraznent. But oo t1),.3r
repent? *We fear not. These effects are only part-of the r
Nlechiavellian policy ; and repenttince will only come when t
wi I be too 1 de, if it is not too late
td " '.;Le-Gearti-is
el peace of Eoeljand to tbeireli.slcHoSßflOst...., .
already. betreyi, g
ate the rtomart
fig. a 'thitiMLit's'''poAlazlll, they
toolninoliit.haermhasn(dis
Co.fthheeirr
ettauindteryn,,,wfoheos,
hgolden bracelets), anu reward for her perfidy was smothered
eath their ettields,
betteredfo etie ornaments iecapi•

intrp.

TO AN ADOPTED CHILD.

Say, what shall charm our drooping days,
As childless to the grave we go ;
Or who shall close our dying eyes,
Or claim our little wealth below ?
Say, who shall watch us in the hour?.
Of lingering sickness or of care.
Who dress with soft affection's flowers
Our temples, to dispel despair?
And who, when only one h 4 left,
To linger out their thread of life ;
Oh, who, when thus of joy bereft,
And all seems gloomy as the night,
Shall, with her gay and loving smiles.
Win back the heart to things of eai th,
With hope the solitude beguile,
And cheer us with a pleasing mirth ?
To thee we look, my dear ;
To thee the future we confide ;
Gladly we'll check the rising tear,
So loin as thou art by our side;
And the gh he offspring of our love
Is tak n, and we linger here,
God, who that blessing did remove,
Provided thee our hearts to cheer,
March 26th, 1840

Y. E. E

LECTURES ON THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.

(From the Morning Herald of Wednesday.)
Yesterday the Rev. Hugh M'Neile delivered, at the Hano-
ves-square Rooms, his sixth and concluding lecture on the
Church of England. The subject chosen for consideration
in this lecture was unquestionably one of high importance,
but at the same time one of great delicacy ; it was, how far
the defects in the working of the church operate as hindrances
to its practical efficiency. In pointing out the causes of
these defects, and suggesting remedies, the clear, acute, and
practical reasoning, and the calm and temperate, yet dignified
and earnest language of the rev. gentleman, while they ri-
vetted the attention of his auditory, appeared to carry such a
conviction to, and produce such an impression on their minds,
as cannot easily be effaced by any arguments that may here-
after be employed in favour of the demolition of our national
church establishment.
The attendance of the nobility and gentry was even greater
than on the previous occasion. Amongst others we observed
—His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, attended by
Col. Jones; the Marquis of Cholmondeley, the Bishop of
Landaff, Bishop of Chester, Lord Lilford, Lord Prudhoe,
Lord Middleton, Lord Bernard, Lord H. Cholmondeley,
Lord Radstock, the Earl of Bandon, the Earl of Galloway,
the Lord Mayor, Mr. Sheriff Wheelton, Sir C. S. Hunter,
Sir Peter Laurie, the Right Hon. F. Shaw, M.P., Sir R. H.
Inglis, Bart. M.P. Captain Alseger, M.P., Sir T. Cochrane,
M.P., A. M. Lockhart, Esq. M.P., G. Houston, Esq. M.P.,
J. Dunbar, Esq. M.P. T. Houldsworth, Esq. M.P., ShG.
Murray, Hon. Capt.doward, M.P., J. B. East, Esq. M.P.,
Hon. A. Duncombe, M.P., E. Wodehouse, Esq. M.P., 0.
R. Bowles, Esq. M.P., J. Fector, Esq. M.P. F. Hodgson,
Esser M.P., E. Litton, Esq. M.P., Sir T. Hepburn Bart.
M.P., Colonel Perceval, M.P., Hon. J. R. Maxwell, M.P.,
J. Stewart, Esq. M.l'., J. Blair, Esq. M.P., Sir G. Sinclair,
Bart. M.P., J. P. Plumptre, Esq. M.P., A. Pringle, Esq.
M.P., T. D. Acland, Esq. M.P., G. V. Harcourt, Esq.
M.P., Sir W. R. Farquhar, Bart., General Sir M. Disney,
Sir Brooke Bridges, Bart., Sir P. Head, Sir J. Hamilton,
Admiral Sir T. Williams, Sir J. Eyre, the Hon. F. Dutton,
Hon. Captain Mande, lion. and Rev. C. B. Bernard, Hon.
F. Nugent, the Dean of Carlisle, Archdeacon Cambridge,
Rev. Dr. D'Oyley, Rev. S. Baker, the Hon. A. Kinnaird,
Finch; Esq., J. Hardy, Esq., H. Pownall, Esq., Henry
Hoare, Esq. Sir Culling E. Smith, Bart., Sackville L. Fox,
'
Esq. M.P. W. Astell, Esq., W. H. Hughes, Esq., E. Thorn-
ton, Esq., Sir P. Foulke, and Sir G. Head.
The Rev. Lecturer observed that the causes which impede
the efficiency of our national church involve considerations
of great difficulty and delicacy. There were persons whose
attachment to the church had almost the appearance of ido-
latry. In their admiration of the general. excellence of our
church establishment they seemed to forget that it was hu-
man in its arrangement, and they could not be induced to
believe that there was any defect or even a single error of
judgment in any part of her polity, and therefore for any one
to admit that anything required amelioration sounded to
them little less than profanation. He had no sympathy with
such prepossessions. He was dearly attached to the Church
of England, and it was simply because she nowhere claims
infallibility for anything except the inspired Word of God.
She had found that church after church had erred, and she
claimed no exemption from the common liability of all hu-
man institutions to err. Unfair advantages had been taken
by the fartious opponents of the church of the candour of
such admissions. They had eagerly taken hold of every
confession from the friends of the church involving an ad-
mission of defect. Honesty was a Christian duty in the
outset, as well as the best policy in the end. There was a
difference between honest reproof and that virulence of in-
vective which betrays a bad cause. The prophet Jeremiah,
whilst reproving the people of Judah for their idolatry, still
mingled tenderness with his reproof. Distinguishing be-
tween the people and their conduct, he still calls them " my
people," he still speaks of healing, and sighs for balm. St.
Paul, also, was filled with tender and affectionate sorrow for
his brethren ; and should he (Mr. M'Neile) venture to speak
of One still greater than Jeremiah, who reproved the scribes
and the pharisees, and the hypocrites of that day ; and when
mourning over the destruction which was to come upon the
city of Jerusalem, wept, and said, " 0 Jerusalem, Jerusa-
lens, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them that
are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy
children together as a hen gathereth her chickens under her
wings, and ye would not." It were well that those who set
themselves in erray against the church would learn a lesson
from this, and that, while they demanded an amelioration,
would yet weep for its necessity. How touching would be
the expostulation ofan affectionate heart which loved the truth,
and which would lament the inefficiency of the church, merely
because of its hindrance of the truth which it loved. It was
in such a spirit he proposed to enter into the consideration of
the subject of his present lecture—namely, how far the prac-
tical efficiency of the Church of England was hindered by the
present defects in its working. He would first call attention
to what was the present, and, under the circumstances, the in-
evitable mode of administering- baptism in the parish churches
of large towns and populous villages. The numbers rendered
the ordinary method of administering baptism during divine
service utterly impracticable, and consequently it had fallen
into disuse. Some hopeful attempts had been made to re-
medy the evil, but they had been frustrated; and thus a fun-
damental ordinance hid been, as it were, thrust into a cor-
ner The number of private baptisms had increased, and
crowds of sponsors and infants were to be seen collected in
the parish church on a week-day. The moral effect of all
this was, that that which was held to be the highest exercise
of our faith was reduced to a lifeless superstitious ceremony.
A handle of objection was afforded to the enemies of the
church by this, as well as creating distraction and distrust
amongst her friends, the disadvantages of which it would be
difficult to estimate. The only remedy was to be found in
the parochial subdivision plan, which would give the inhabi-
tants of a certain district a right to go for baptism to a cer-
tain church, and a consequent right to the clergyman to refuse
those, the moral character of whose sponsors he might not
be acquainted with, or knowing it might have sufficient rea-
son for the refusal. This plan could be so effected as to re-
duce the number of the population within practical limits,
and the clergyman might make an arrangement with his pa-
rishioners, so as perhaps to do away with the necessity of
having the ceremony of baptism performed during Divine
service more than once, or, at most, twice a month. Another
practical hindrance to the efficiency of the church was one
which he felt to be highly important in its nature, and that
related to certain passages in some of our services. There
*ere unquestionably some passages in some of our services
which were variously understood by our clergymen. The
effect of this was incalculably injurious upon the minds of
many estimable communicants; it damped the ardour of
many of the friends of the church, and, by the evils of hesi-
tation, deprived the church of the advocacy of her lay sup-
porters. They all knew that the slightest tremor in the band
that holds the bow affects the course of the arrow, and
drives it hopelessly wide of the mark. He (Mr. M'Neile)
was tremblingly alive to the delicacy of the ground upon
which he was then treading. He had surveyed the armed
hostility which was arrayed against the omission, or addi-
tion, or even alteration of a single word in our venerated
-ritual. He was aware that, even with the aid of inspiration
if we could have it, we could not effect an alteration that
would be agreeable to all. He would, nevertheless, venture
to suggest what occurred to him to he a practical remedy, in
the hope that it would be considered in the proper quarter;
His suggestion bad this advantage, that it would not erase,
or add, or alter a single word in any part of our services, and
yet, if introduced by the proper authorities, would gladden
the hearts of many sincere and zealous friends of our church.
He proposed that the passages he had referred to should be
placed by authority within brackets, and that the clergy
should be authorised to read or not to read those bracketted
passages, according to their varying judgment and conviction,
formed from the varying circumstances of each particular
case.- Thus no change would take place, for in some places
the clergyman would read all, whilst in others the permission
to omit them could be acted upon. Nor would it affect the
uniformity of our service any more than it is affected by the
present practice of officiating ministers in selecting passages
in the opening service and omitting certain collects. In fact,
the option in this latter respect was given by the Rubric.
This mode, he contended, would gain for the church a vast
Accession of cordiality, for there was a great difference be-
tween describing as indispensable and suggesting as preferable.
He did not feel that it was convenient then, either as to time
or place. to point to the particular passages alluded to, but
he might be permitted to express his anxious hope that the
•matter would be taken into consideration in the proper
quarter. Another cause of the limited efficiency of the
church, he considered, was the want of adequate training of
,the clergy. A college education, as commonly educated, was
inefficient in many respects. A clergyman might he possessed
'of those valuable qualifications which a college education is
calculated to put him in possession of, and yet he deficient in
other respects for an adequate performance of the duties of a
Christian minister. For instance, he might lack the power
Of giving instruction, and in so far would be comparatively
useless. The position of the clergyman was peculiar—he
had to go amongst a population in whom the extremes of
character were to be found. He had to encounter the most
enlightened and the most ignorant, the most moral and the
most profligate—in fact persons of all shades of character
and disposition, and it was therefore no easy matter to act
in his ministration so as to be useful to all. The reverend
lecturer then proceeded to contend, that indispensible to the
'formation of a really efficient clergyman, that the study of
elocution should be added to the other studies prescribed in
the Universities, and the English clergyman (considering
the prominent feature of the English character, which was
reserved,) should be a man of knowledge, not merely of
books, but of mankind also. No one could doubt, who had
been in the habit of attending popular assemblies, the effect
of a ready elocution upon the people ; and yet how little was
the study of that art attended to in the Universities ! Fol-
low the clergyman from the pulpit to the school-room, from
the catechetical lecture to the examination of children in
school, to the bedside of a dying sinner, or to where it
might be necessary to administer a kind reproof for intoes.
cation ; follow him from the abode of misery to the parlour
of worldly avarice, from the humble cottage of resignation
and contentment to the cftawing-room of piety on the one
hand, and vanity on the other, and finally to the platform
of a public meeting, where his efforts were required for
the propagation of Christianity throughout the nations of
the earth ;—in whatever department of his duties they
might follow him, they would find it difficult to estimate
the advantages which •would result from the establishment
of elocution classes. This might be done without inter-
fering with their other studies, but might he added to them ;
and if the delay even of a year were interposed to the com-
pletion of their studies, the advantages would more than
compensate for any inconvenience occasioned. The rev.
lecturer then proceeded to point out another cause which
operated as an hindrance to the efficiency of the church, and
that was the want of candour of personal deportment in our
clergymen, and dwelt at some length on this point. The next
cause was to be traced in the inadequacy of the incomes of
many of the clergy, both incumbents arid curates. It was a
well-known fact that many incumbents were unable to pay a
curate for his assistance : it was true that in some instances
the seasonable benevolence of private societies had been ex-
ercised, but that source was precarious, and therefore inef-
fectual. According to returns he found that there were in
tne whole 10,718 benefices. Of these, 297 were under the
annual value of £5O, 1,629 under the annual value of £lOO,
and 4,935 under the annual value of £3OO. One of the effects
f' this state of things was, that many clergymen were driven
0 ;tie necessity of resorting to other employments, such as
tips instru,otion of young Wu; or becoming 5,11001045ta%

Or aisistent6 at schools. By these means, the usefulness
of the clergyman was reduced to the mere dwarfishness
of a Sunday congregationalist, Such a person could not
leave his tutorship to become a week-day evangelist; he
could not go into the garrets and the cellars, the bye-streets
and the bye-lanes of our populous towns. It were better to
have no present provision for each parish, so that the desti-
tution might be fully and intolerably apparent to all. It were
better, he said, to have no provision at all, than that species
Of' provision which merely served to hide nakedness without
communicating warmth ; but yet served, however uninten-
tionally, to prejudice those whom it was intended to benefit.
Many attempts to remedy this evil had been made by increas-
ing small livings from some of the internal resources of the
church ; but they were, and could only be a temporary pal-
liation, and, in effect, a prolongation of it. The only real
remedy, he considered, was a large endowment by the state,
which, however, ought to be accompanied by the restriction
that no man having charge of a school should be eligible to a
cure of souls, and that no man having a cure of souls should
be allowed to pledge himself to any other occupation than
that of a minister of the Gospel. Another cause of hin-
drance to the practical efficiency of the church must be re-
ferred to the existing arrangements for the appointment of
our bishops. It must be obvious that there was a mixture
in the present system which was in no small degree injuri-
ous to the best interests of the church. It bore upon it an
appearance of disingenuousness which was rePtignant to the
English character, and created in the minds of the lay friends
of the church a feeling of reserve which prevented their ad-
vocacy and support. The name of an election of a bishop was
indeed continued to the clergy and chapter of a diocese, but
then they were subject to the penalties of a premunire
for refusing to elect the nominee of the Crown. This was a
fruitful source of taunts for the enemies of the church, and
of deep pain to the clergy themselves. The church should
not be exposed to—the anomalous incidents attending a
congi d'elire. Either the appointment of the bishops should
belong at once to the Crown, as is the case with the Irish
bishoprics, or the statute of Henry VIII. should be re-
pealed ; in other words, the clergy and chapter should have
either a real choice, or a real deliverance from the appear-
ance of a choice. The rev, lecturer then went into a dis-
cussion as to the preference to be given to either of these two
methods. From the experience of former times, he was in-
clined to prefer that the appointment of the bishops should
be absolutely in the Crown, as being better calculated to se-
cure the civil liberty of the subject from invasion by ecclesi-
astical tyranny, which was in reality what was meant by the
"independence of the church." It was true that in other
days, as well as the present, the Prime Minister who wields
the patronage of the crown, might be an enemy to the church.
(Cheers.) He might be a voluntary in church polity—(cheers.)
—an Arian, a Socinian, or a Romanist i p his opinions—
(cheers)—and he might declare that a manis as little respon-
sible for the opinions he entertains as he is for the height of
his stature or the colour of his complexion—(here the rev.
lecturer was interrupted by the loud and long continued
cheering of his auditory which for some time prevented him
from proceeding.) It was true this would be an anonalous
state of things but, yet he was inclined to say that the greater
danger lay on the other side. The reverend gentleman fol-
lowed up his argument in support of this position. He
warned us of the dangers to be apprehended from the church
being at any time wholly independent of the civil power. He
was for extending the authority of the crown over every
bishop of every name. For the rightful authority of the
crown in this matter, Pitt and Canning, and other eminent
statesmen of other days, had boldly contended, and every
statesmen of these days, who feels for the honcur and inter-
ests of his country, should also contend for. It was the only
thing that could guard us against an imperium in imperio,
such as is in existence in Ireland, where the papal hierarchy
are appointed by a foreign potentate. Having pursued this
subject at some length, and with surpassing ability, the rev.
gentleman then proceeded to give a convincing and eloquent
exposition of the fallacy of the assertion that religion has
nothing whatever to do with politics." This was a favourite
topic with the adversaries of the church. It was urged honestly
on the one side, and hypocritically on another. Honestly by the
dissenters,who advocated the voluntary principle without being
aware of its inevitable consequences, and hypocritically by
the Romanists, who believed just what their church believed,
without having any possible means of ascertaining what
that belief was. The connection of religion with politics was
inseparable. Human motives and human actions were as inse-
parable as cause and effect. And this the priestly usurper in the
Christian world well knew. Yield to the pope supremacy
over mind and motives, and he will have supremacy over
moral effects. Concede this to him, and the effects would
soon be discernable in the registry, the polling booth—
aye, even in the senate. (Loud cheers.) The fate of the
free institutions of country was, therefore, involved in
this question. Under the protection of our national church
establishment this country had thriven to a degree unexam-
pled in the history of nations; but deprived of that protec-
tion, it would fall into hopeless and irretrievable decay. The
rev. %gentleman then dwelt on the importance of preserving
the sacredness of an oath, for on it depended the property,
the prosperity, nay even the life of every man ; and atter re-
ferring to other topics naturally arising out of, or connected
with, the subject of this lecture, concluding with one of lithe
most solemn, earnest, affecting, and truly eloquent appeals
to his auditory and the legislature, on behalf of the spiritu-
ally-destitute population of this country, we ever remember
to have heard on any occasion. He deprecated half-measures
as worse than useless. If man's existence terminates with
what we call death, why go so far as to give half-measures ?
But if on the contrary, he be an immortal being, why rest
satisfied with half-measures only? It was said that extremes
were bad—imprudent—dangerous. It might be so in tempo-
ral things, but here nothing but extremes were sensible—me-
dium was madness. "If Jehovah be the true God, follow
Him ! but if Baal, then don't be afraid, follow him ! "
There were but two consistent characters in the world—the
one was the bold-faced atheist—the other the enthusiastic
Christian !

It is impossible to describe the effect produced on the im-
mense assemblage by the concluding appeal of the rev. gen-
tleman. He was frequently interrupted in the course of the
lecture by theirapplause, and at its termination retired amidst
the almost deafening manifestations of their admiration and
delight.

THE DUKE OF SUSSEX.-SINGULAR• ROYAL

ALLIANCE.

(From the Morning Post)
For the last day or two a rumour has prevailed to the ef-
fect that a public marriage is about to be solemnised between
his Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex and s.ady Cecilia
Underwood, with the consent of her Majesty in council. The
rumour adds that a recommendation, on the part of her Ma-
jesty, to the House of Commons to make an additional pro-
vision for his Royal Highness . will accompany, or very
speedily follow, the Royal message, communicating the con-
sent of her Majesty in council to the marriage. The amount
to be added to the income of his Royal Highness is said to be
.46,000 a-year.
_

Although we do not vouch for the precise accuracy of the
above statement, which was yesterday in everybody's mouth,
we have reason to believe that it is substantially correct.
This proceeding, should it take place (as we have no doubt
is intended,) must be regarded as one of very considerable
national importance, seeing that it would materially affect the
status and character of the Royal Family, and influence the
domestic morals of the country at large, in exact proportion
to the power, be it little or great, which the monarchy and
court actually exercise over this, by far the most important of
all national interests.

On the first and most obvious view of t'-e subject, the in-
tended union would seem to be of beneficial tenuency to the
great and permanent interests of domestic morality in this
country. If it cannot efface the memory, it will at least ter-
minate the existence of a monstrous and revolting scandal.
We shall no longer be condemned to witness the daily proofs
that indulgence to royal vice is carried so far in a certain
elevated sphere of society as to supersede altogether the au-
thority of the church's ordinance, of the law's behest, of the
nation's manners, feelings, and principles. We shall no
longer see sycophancy, and adulation, and political partisan-
ship, crouching with affected alacrity to offer an unchaste,
unhallowed, and illegal connection tributes of respect appa-
rently as profound and sincere as if it were an indissoluble
union ratified by the law and consecrated at the altar. We
shall no longer behold a lady, to describe whose position we
cannot find a word which decency permits us to print, led
about from one, baronial residence to another, and receiving
at each from the wives and daughters of our highest nobility,
and of all the neighbouring gentry whom they can draw into
their vortex, that peculiar homage which is due to one class,
and to one class only, of human beings—a class which in
England is fortunately not a small one—we mean the virtuous
wives of honourable men.

When regarded in the above point of view, the approaching
royal marriage may be regarded as an event favourable to the
cause of public morals, and the consent of her Majesty in
council to its celebration may obtain that degree of praise
which is implied in the vulgar expression of " making the
best of a bad job."

But there are other and more comprehensive and lasting
considerations connected with the subject, which, when due
weight is allotted to them, may lead, we fear, to a very dif-
ferent conclusion. The elevation of the lady in question, by
a direct and public act of the state, from the position she has
descended to occupy to the rank of Duchess of Sussex—to a
station distant, in fact, from that of Queen Consort of Eng-
land by more than three lives—will be a spectacle altogether
new to this country—one that cannot fail to operate as " a
heavy blow and great discouragement " to female purity and
virtue. Such is felt to be the tendency of every conspicuous
example, in which the disgrace of concubinage becomes the
steppingstone to the honours of wedlock. How much more
powerfully will the reasoning apply to an example in which
an illicit example is converted by the direct intervention of
the state into a matrimonial alliance, accompanied by the
splendour of of a royal coronet in possession, and the glorious
chance that a regal crown may be in the distance ? But how
infinitely more dangerous still to the interests of female virtue
does the example become when it is notorious that the royal
mis-alliance is permitted only because it has been preceded by
an illicit amour. and when the elevation of the female assumes
the distinct and avowed character of a recommpense for
vice?
We are very far from denying the possibility that the patties
to the reported marriage may have sought the necessary con-
sent their legal union from motives rich ought to be held in
honour. If Penitence for their past course of life, arid an
anxious desire to amend it, have inspired their resolution, these
are feelings which have an unquestionable claim to the
sympathy and feelings of the community. But we must take
leave to say also, that these are feelings which may be in-
dulged as well without as with (perhaps even better) the aid
of a parliamentary grant of £6,000 a year. Should a pro-
posal for any such preposterous grant be made to parliament,
we hope and believe it will be indignantly and contemptuous-
ly rejected ; for this proposal will at once divest the proposed
marriag- of whatever character of grace, or virtue, could by
any possible exercise of charity have been ascribed to it. Re-
pentance and amendment should be encouraged ; but when
they are to be bought with money they will seldom prove
worth the purchase. Reformation should be its own reward.
To endow it with superfiuobuessew are -ea
h‘lothN.vioonus truths,ldbe, in
iwe
effect,
doto
u
offer a premiur.to vice. T
not anticipate tat the
rleigoeuseofCommons will manifesta the
slightest disposition to rd them.
(From the Standard.)
wd
bes
in i o
Friday do u b s
t o f theti correctness
fh o
Majesty s
o. f thes
ru-
mour These
appearsmentioned to
by
us
(soorlermatnbiezratßiounggobflst,hfoermtbaart-
ti ni
at
ge
en t
oi of toLady
c oen
es
ee
ill! ato thende pr
wu
ob
01 idc
is, we
assured,HhaigvlemehsesentheDuke 0 thef
Sussex. lady's realTbe with hi s
Royal
Chro-
nicle
th eis
wholeofopi neimonp empire"
will` e nbiem
rejoicedm ense
tomajoritylearnott
that
te peoplesuch a
by
of
step has been decided on. We are also assured our con-
temporary that a private marriage was solemnized between
his Royal-Highness and that lady some years ago, and that
all who refuse to admit that her Majesty has been judiciously
advised, in the determination she has formed of placing Lady
Buggins in a position which may possibly render her the
Queen Consort of Great Britain are " vile and envious
faction," who would deprive his Royal Highness of the
" happiness of, seeing his wife raised to a proper station."
We confess that we belong to the stigmatised order who come
within our contemporary's category ; for we are decidedly of
opinion that neither the public morals, nor the dignity of the
Royal Family, will he likely to be enhanced by drawing the
attention of the country to circumstances which might other-
wise been buried in oblivion, for the sordid purpose of re-
pairing an unsuccessful attempt to put an additional income
into his Royal Highness's pocket. If her Majesty's minis-
ters consider themselves in his Royal Highness's debt, let
the name of decency and good faith, adopt a less
o
ode of repaying the obligation. Should such
a precedent° them,bj ee
tin
nal? ie mode of
there is no saying where
it may
end.

The Qneen has appointed the Duke of Roxburgh and th
q
a of 11014berVY to be guights of the Thistle.

EMIGRATION TO JAMAICA,
A. LETTER ON THE UTILITY OF ESTABLISHING A VILLAGE
IN A CENTRAL PART OF EVERY PARISH OF JAMAICA, TO
BE PEOPLED BY BRITISH AGRICULTURAL EMIGRANTS,
ADDRESSED TO PROPRIETORS CONNECTED WITH THAT
COLONY, BY JAMES MAXWELL, M.D., OF ST. GEORGE'S.

(From the Jamaica Royal Gazette of Jan. 11.)
The object of this brief Letter is threefold :—lst. To show
the beneficial influence which industrious European labourers
would have upon the indolent habits of the blacks. 2d. To
point out the salubrity of the interior of Jamaica, and its
compatibility with the health of strangers from temperate
climate ; and, 3d. To excite those who are interested in the
welfare of the island to give the measure their whole influ-
ence and assistance in carrying it into immediate effect.
I shall endeavour to establish these points without entering
into unnecessary details, and leave the completion of the
scheme to those whose interest it is to see it carried into
effect.
The benefit of colonizing the interior of Jamaica, when
well understood, will secure the countenance and support,
not only of all those intimately connected with that valuable
colony, but likewise of those whose sincere desire is to see
the blessings of emancipation consummated, and the lately
enfranchised negroes reaping all the substantial benefits of
freedom in a moral, political, and religious point of view.
The present state of that island is the reverse of what every
well-wisher to the cause of rational freedom would like to see
it ' • and although civilization has made considerable progress,
and education and religion have effected much, still other
contingent circumstances are wanting to give a vital impulse
to all that is essential to an honest, intelligent, and industri-
ous peasantry.
The most effective measure which could be devised to per-
fect the grand work of emancipation, in addition to the im-
pulses at present exerting so salutary an influence ; would be
to establish an agricultural village in the centre of each parish,
to be peopled by British peasantry, of thorough agricultural
habits, of approved moral principles, and who are either
members of temperance societies, or profess to abide by the
rules which regulate these associations.
The beneficial influence which would result from establish-
ments, upon the feelings and habits, and propensities of the
negroes, would be infinitely more powerful than any precepts,
however wisely and carefully inculcated ; and when they saw
themselves surrounded, as it were, with European peasantry,
of sober economical habits, pursuing their avocations with
systematic perseverance,Aaking every advantage which cli-
mate and soil afforded, and turning their labour to profitable
account, it is the concurrent opinion of all acquainted with
the negro character, that such examples.would have the most
gratifying effect in stimulating the recently emancipated
population to emulate their more enlightened rivals in every
thing which adorns a well regulated and industrious commu-
nity.

The system of emigration which is here projected, is
neither intended nor required to infringe upon, nor to sup-
plant the places of the present agriculturists, because, if
their labours were well directed, and turned into a proper
channel, they are sufficiently numerous for the cultivation of
the staple productions ; but to act as a moral engine upon
the via inertim of the indolent, and render them, what every
peasantry ought to he, a " country's pride."
Whilst thousands are leaving their native land to seek a
livelihood in Australia, or in the equivocal colony of New
Zealand, the inhabitants of Jamaica, and those in the mo-
ther country connected with it, blind to their own interest,
allow the stream of emigration to pass their shores, and con-
tent themselves with taking a surface view of the present
precarious and ruinous state of an island which has, within
a given compass, more natural riches and resources than
probably any other spot under the sun.
Population and enterprise are the two fundamental prin-
ciples upon which hinge the future welfare of Jamaica ; and,
according as these are understood and carried into effect, so
will agriculture flourish, and its concomitant civilisation keep
pace with it.
It could scarcely be expected that the recently emancipated
peasantry would have immediately resumed their labour in a
continuous manner even for high wages. The transition
from hereditary bondage to unrestricted freedom ; the ex-
citement attendant upon such a transition, and the novelty
of the condition iu which they were placed, from all former
restraint, have been removed, conspired to raise their expec-
tations to the exalted ideal notions which they had so long
and fondly cherished ; and instead of soberly looking upon
freedom as the labourers of Europe do, many of them be-
lieved, or affected to believe, that its direct tendency would
be to exempt them from labour, and place them upon a per-
fect equality, in every respect, with their former masters.
The present political and statistical state of the island
partially favour these erroneous impressions, and will con-
tinue to do so, not only to the detriment of the proprietors,
and the labourers themselves, but also to the general inter-
est and welfare of humanity, until obviated by causes which
are exceedingly simple, and might easily be carried into
effect.
The beautiful tracts of rich exuberant land, amounting to
upwards of two millions of acres, lying waste in the interior
of Jamaica. in all the primeval grandeur of nature, cannot
be exceeded, either for salubrity of climate or fertility of
soil, in any part of the world. These mountainous waving
lands are crowned with forest trees of great magnitude, of
the rarest and most valuable kinds ; and rivers of pure soft
water, are so profusely scattered over every variety of hill
and dale, that the Charibs bestowed its appropriate name,
signifying, " Is of Springs."
Valuable mineral productions of every description abound
throughout the island, and, from the recent analysis of cop-
per ore found on Williamsfield Plantation, in the parish of
Saint George, as well as from the report of a committee of
the Kingston Literary Association, who state, " that it
would equal, if not exceed, any mine now working in any
part of the world." It is evident that both this, and nu-
merous resources of a similar description, might be profit-
ably developed by the patriotism and enterprise of capital-
ists connected with Jamaica.
To enumerate the productions which might be advanta-
geously cultivated, independently of the grand staples of
sugar and coffee, would be to name the various products of
every region of the globe. Pimento, ginger, cotton, indigo,
cocoa, arrow-root, opium, drugs, dyes, and spices, he rear-
ing of the silk-worm upon the ramoon, which is an indi-
genous plant in every parish, and which answers as well as
the mulberry now aeclamated, the culture of the vine, and
numerous other exotics; would afford healthy employment
for thousands of our industrious countrymen, who are com-
pelled to seek a precarious subsistence in colonies favoured
with few such advantages.
Not only would the interests of the island he permanently
established, from the developement of its rich native stores;
but the revenue would be increased, commerce, as a matter
of course, would revive with successful agriculture, and in-
stead of vessels leaving the shores of Jamaica in ballast, as
they are now doing, the shipping interest would flourish, and
an outlet for manufactures would create a salutary reaction
on the present stagnation of trade at home.
By thus introducing a concentrated mass of industrious
-labourers, with a proportion of mechanics, into the heart of
each parish, we would be transferring from the shores of
Britain a necessary degree of shill and intelligence, so much
required to diffuse, by the force of example, a knowledge of
the arts, together with improvements and invention in agri-
culture, at present almost totally and unaccountably neg-
lected ; and thus indirectly effect, with the collateral aids of
education and religion, all that is propitious to industry and
favourable to commerce.
This scheme- is founded upon a thorough conviction, both
of its practicability and usefulness, from an intimate ac-
quaintance with the genius, habits, and dispositions of the
black population ; and may be received, not as the theory of
a speculatist, but as the result of the calm deliberation of
one whose knowledge of the state of the country entitles
him to be heard, and whose interests are identified with the
prosperity of the island.
It is submitted as a private measure, of course requiring
the sanction of a legislative enactment of Assembly, to se-
cure its full and successful operation, and which would be
readily granted • and, no doubt, Government would likewise
afford every facility to its fulfilment.
The vigorous execution of the present system by public-
spirited gentlemen, whether proprietors, mortgagees, or an-
nuitants, ought not to he deferred, in expectation that the
Assembly may adopt this or a similar measure; for every
movement must now be prompt and efficient, to meet the
exigencies of the times, and to secure the advantages of a
plan possessing' the elements of all that is requisite for
order, industry, and wealth.
A Central Emigration Company ought to he instituted in
London, under the guidance of those whose influence and
interest in the welfare of Jamaica best suit them for carrying
the scheme into effect; and branch societies would cheer-
fully respond to these efforts in every parish of that island,
to promote the fulfilment of a measure which the inhabitants
hail as the harbinger of their former prosperity.
The primary, and what is considered to be the only valid,
objection to the successful accomplishment of such a scheme,
is the popular belief that the island is unhealthy. This is a
vague assertion, resting upon partial statements, and admits
of satisfactory explanation. Every climate has unhealthy
localities, from the fens of Lincolnshire to the swamps of
Walcheren, from the malaria of Italy to the jungles of the
Ganges, and Jamaica has likewise its unhealthy spots; but
it would he as illogical to draw an inference of the insalubrity
of a climate, from partial statements, made from particular
localities in that island, as it would be to characterise Eng-
land, Holland, or Italy, unhealthy countries, because certain
districts are detrimental to health.
Taking the general state of the island, and leaving out cer-
tain low lying tracts, at present abounding in swamps and
marshes, most of which admit of being easily drained and
brought into cultivation, the climate of Jamaica is as corn

patible with the enjoyment of health and longevity, as the
most highly favoured districts of Europe ; and competent
judges will admit that the elevated range of lands in the in-
terior, are as pleasant and salubrious, and enjoy an immunity
from febrile diseases, which few countries can boast of.

If yellow fever be endemial, and occasionally prevails, at
certain seasons, along the shores of Jamaica ; typhus fever
originates in every densely populated town in Great Britain,
sweeping off thousands of the inhabitants, and is more in-
tractable in its nature, and fatal in its consequences, than
the gravest of West Indian febrile diseases.

It-is well known that, beyond a sertain range of elevation,
intertropical fevers of high excitement are unknown in the
island, and, by observing proper precautions, strangers from
temperate regions may be acclimated with perfect safety.
The greatest apprehensions are to be entertained when in-
• cautious soldiers and sailors, and new-corners, are allowed to
riot in dissipation, and are left to season in localities most
favourable for the production of disease. Every hundred
yards of elevation reduces the temperature one degree, so
that by ascending to an altitude of 3000 feet, a decrease of
ten degrees may be obtained, which would proportionally
continue, and thus enable immigrants to choose the climate
most agreeable to them.
• Nothing exemplifies the pleasing variety of climate,
throughout the boundless range of mountainous lands, more
than the geographical distribution of plants, and in an ascent
of a few hours, the productions which give the peculiar fea-
tures to a tropical landscape, gradually give place. to those of
more temperate climes. Convalescents also reap the advan-
tages of these cool retreats, by retiring to them to recruit
from the enervating effects of sickness contracted in the low
lands, and the bloom and vigour of the inhabitants of these
upland districts exhibit evidence of the most positive nature
of the purity of the atmosphere, and healthfulness of the in-
terior of Jamaica.
The unbounded access which new corners have to cheap
spirituous liquors, is the bane and the opprobium of the island;
remove that demoralising and fatal cause, and the problem is
solved regarding the insalubrity of the climate. If strangers
from temperate climates, to the excitement of the system oc- '
casioned by a temperature higher than they have been accus-
ftoormeseidotot ,toadfdortehseeeustebeofeionnflsaemq inflaming liquors, it will require little
nences. Fatal effects are pro-
duced by the thoughtless and imprudent during the first
month's after their arrival, from the unrestrained liberties
which they take with their constitutions ; and the danger in
acclimating is generally in an inverse ratio to their temperate
habits.
Several partial importations of ill-selected European la-
bourers of loose dissolute habits, have failed, by not attend-
ing to a system of temperance, as well as by locating them in
unhealthy situations in the lowlands, and consequently such
failures have thrown unmerited reproach upon a measure
which. under judicious regulations, would have succeeded
admirably.
loohraz sepsairtthiceueloamrleys a i n ssi
since g
srti edunpoo nnotnheinabtobleitiosoneoefesssfil
spirituous
liquors,
would be better
of European colonisation ;
.apddi uonblseesrsvesdueiht abstinence be
particularly specified, and rig' y ,
intendedmpo rta n ce,
emigrants and to
not to attempt such a scheme.
insuo
re e successobviate
the oufndsuereti hakn paramours
let allafilun
have an interest
be selected from agricultucal districts, by competent perso"s
of acknowledged integrity and honour, who
in the fulfilment of the measure, and who iwll take care that
no improper characters be enga:ged, and none but healthy
Young persons of both [sexes be allowed to Pip the peroGhial

communities; and let it also be distinctly understood that
the agricultural communities, are to be established upon the
principles which regulate temperance societies, This can
be easily attained, as such societies are already in operation
both in England and Scotland; and when it is taken into
consideration that they are now geperally diffused through-
out the United States, with the most gratifying results,
little difficulty will be found in peopling these villages with
sober characters ' • and whilst effectual steps are thus taken
to ensure health and activity, we shall accomplish a plan
which will do more to revive the decaying interests of Ja-
maica, by abolishing indolence and substituting continuous
and well-directed industry, than the most sanguine could
have anticipated.
If sufficient encouragement be given to the object of this
letter, and villages be established under the prudential regu-
lations recommended; they will form nuclei for numerous ad-
venturers who are ready to go out, where such abundance of
every thing essential to happiness and comfort exists.
When it is taken into consideration, that Columbus found
Jamaica peopled by a million of natives, which the cupidity
and wickedness of his followers exterminated, and that only
a comparatively small proportion of the .soil was then cultiVa-
ted to supply their wants,.it is surely not extravagant for un
to hope to see double the number of the present population
located in rich districts at present lying uselegs ; and by thus
carrying the scheme into vigorous
,effect, :confidence would
be restored, property secured, and agriculture would flourish;
and instead of the present .negative system of industry, we
would behold the energies of the black population enlisted in
a cause which would raise the country. beyond her former,
prosperity.
The advantages to be expected from a well-conducted sys-
tem of emigration are,-
Ist. To increase the security of property, enhance its value,
and revive the prosperity of Jamaica.
2d. To colonise and bring into cultivation the extensive
mountainous tracts of rich land, and to people the interior of
the island with European peasantry, from whom we might
derive occasional assistance, when required for extra planta-
tion purposes.
3rd. To introduce new articles of produce, and otherwise
develope the numerous resources of the country.
4th. To set an example of morality and well directed in-
dustry to the black peasantry ; to teach them the value of
time and labor, and, by so doing, perfect the scheme of eman-
cipation.
The following regulations might be adopted for establish-
ing an agricultural community in each parish of Jamaica :
That the management of each parochial establishment be
entrusted 'to a committee, consisting of a president, and
twelve resident shareholders, to be annually elected by ballot
of shareholders, foul of whom to be a quorum ; whose duty
it weuld•be to superintend every thing relating-to the economy
and welfare of the establishment.

That 700 shares. of £lO sterling each, be disposed. of to
subscribers, to enable the committee to purchase 1500 acres
of land, and import 500 immigrants in families.
That a subscriber • may purchase as. many shares as he
pleases, and that each share shall bear interest at the rate of
5 per centum, to be transferable the principal to he paid
back out of the first proceeds.
That the committee shall, froM time to time, inspect the
village, suggest such improvements as. their local knowledge
may enable them to give to the new corners, and reserve a
fair proportion of the crops to pay off shares. . __ _

That the committee shitll order a surveyor to run out 1000
acres of the land in comparments of 10 acres, upon each of
which a house shall be built, in a cottage style, in a neat
comfortable manner ; and one acre of each allotment be
cleared and planted with provisions, for the use of families
when they arrive.
'That each lot of land have a nominal value attached to it
by the committee, that in the event of any of the immigrant
wishing to purchase up the lot they may be allowed to do so.
That a common of 100 acres be reserved, for the run of
six cows, to be placed there by the committee, and attended
to by a boy, for the use of families, agreeably to bve regula-
tions.

That the immigrants shall plant, establish, and thoroughly
cultivate such a field of coffee, ginger, arrow-root, and other
profitable commodities as the committee shall direct, so that
shareholders may be repaid out of the proceeds ; and that
each able labourer shall cork in,such field at least four days
in the week, of nine working hours each day, appropriating
to himself the two remaining days for cultivating his lot,
or employing himself and family as he thinks fit.
That as soon as the shares are paid off; the houses and
lands, and all such fields as may have been established un-
der the superintendance of the committee be granted to the
immigrants, and to their heirs in fee-simple, for ever.

ESTIMATE FOR ESTABLISHING SUCH .1.. N AGRICULTURAL

COMMUNITY IN EVERY PARISH.

1,500 acres of land, at 30s.
Erecting 100 cottages, at 1:15 each
Clearing and planting 100 acres in the compart-
ments with provisions

£2250
1500

1000