The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-12-21 00:00:00

GRETNA GREEN.

(From a Correspondent of the Manchester Guardian.)
Few persons, perhaps, who live at a considerable distance
from Gretna Green, and have not visited it on particular bu-
siness, are acquainted with the real character of that celebra-
ted place. Recent alterations in the laws respecting the ce-
lebration of marriages may, in time, if they have not already
begun to produce the effect, tend to destroy the reputation
which a rural village, in the south of Scotland, has acquired
by its possession of a" Hymeneal altar." It may not, there-
fore, be altogether an uninteresting task to the curious, to
collect a little knowledge of the scene where the " blacksmith"
long exercised his "sacred" and profitable profession. '[he
writer of these particulars was born and brought up within
three miles and a half of Gretna Green, and yet he was not
aware, till he went to college, a distance from his home of a
hundred and twenty miles, that a place, whose situation and
name were so familiar to him, possessed almost a wider fame
than Marathon or Flodden Field.

The parish of Graitney, in Dumfries-shire, is bounded on
the south by the extremity of the Solway Frith, and on the
east by the small river Sark, which forms the line of division
betwixt England and Scotland, from the Frith northward, as
far as the parish of Canonbie. The population of Graitney,
which is numerous, and in a great measure agricultural, does
not exhibit that strict moral principle, and attachment to re-
ligious observances, for which the neighbouring parishes are
so justly praised. For one well acquainted with the district,
it is not difficult to discover several very plausible reasons for
this state of things. These depend partly upon the proximity
of Graitney to the county of Cumberland, partly upon a dif-
ference of excise law on the opposite sides of the border, and,
finally, in part upon its forming the principal thoroughfare
out of England into the north and west of Scotland, and vice
versa. These causes, however, it must be admitted, are not
in such full and active operation now as they were some
twenty or thirty years ago. The evil resulting from this dis-
advantageous position has consequently, since that period,
been very much diminished; and will soon, no doubt, under
the ❑ew and better regime, totally disappear.
It is well known that the Cumberland portion of the border
was, formerly, not the most remarkable district of England,
for the attention of many of its inhabitants to the fourth com-
mandment. Living on ground long considered doubtful, as
forming a part of the English or Scottish territory, and still
called " Debatable," they regarded themselves as belonging
to no one's flock, and subject to no one's superintendence or
jurisdiction. The same may be said of the careless and luke-
warm amongst the inhabitants of Graitney, and thus they al-
lowed themselves and their children to become the slaves and
supporters of a pernicious example. After the introduction
of such unnational practises, it is not to be wondered at, that
many other demoralizing habits, of which some were entirely
of a personal and domestic character, should be found deeply
rooted and reigning along this pact of the Scottish border.
Systematic absence from the house of public prayer, and a
no less systematic desecration of the Sabbath, invariably
bring in their train idleness and discontent; and to thefts, at
this time, was added an endless catalogue of otlaer crimes. One
circumstance, above all, tended to involve this parish in a kind
of moral degradation, from which others, by their geographical
position were happily exempted. The low duty upon whiskey
in Scotland compared with the high duty in England, upon the
same article, of such extensive consumption, continued to af-
ford the idle and dishonest every encouragement to smuggling.
The mosses and plantations on each side of the border have
been the scenes of many fearful,and in many cases, lamentably
fatal, struggles between the smugglers and the officers of ex-
cise. The populous village of Springfield, a mile from Gretna
Green, on one side of the border, and Longtown, a still more
populous place, on the other, once contained hordes of per-
sons who lived entirely by this illicit commerce. Every arti-
fice was tried to elude detection—vessels of tin, fitted round
the body like stays—bladders resembling bundles of old
clothes, carried by old women, in the garb of itinerants—
small casks, buried in the dark interior of loads of turf,
conveyed over the Sark and Esk on wheelbarrows, by a
thrifty-looking housewife, or an industrious and provident-
looking husbandman. These and many other such means
were employed to continue a lucrative, secret, and dangerous
trade.

Again, vagrants from all parts of the British isles could
scarcely miss Graitney either on their northward or southward
peregrinations. Many a poor unfortunate fellow indeed,
without a home and a morsel of bread in England, has been
forced to seek an asylum in the north. Finding himself dis-
appointed in his search for a momentary relief in the north,
he has again involuntarily turned his face towards the south,
and continued, kicked about in this manner, crossing and re-
crossing the border, till the debatable land at last afforded
him a comparatively quiet, but wretched, bare, and roofless
resting place. From such a promiscuous and fluctuating
assemblage of inhabitants as was likely, from this circum-
stance, to be introduced, it cannot be expected that any place
could establish a character for settled principles of moral
duty. It is only when the population of a district feel them-
selves interested in one. anothers well-being, and benefited
by living on terms of harmonious intercourse, and by culti-
vating high and ennobling sentiments of friendship, that we
can expect from them a general improvement in their con-
dition, manners, and character. I❑ this respect the borderers
have lately made amazing and gratifying progreSs towards a
happier state of things; and the change is no doubt chiefly
attributable to the increased exertion which clergyman,
schoolmaster, landowner, and farmer, have combined to use
in rendering the condition of the poor and unemployed in
these parts more tolerable.
Gretna Green is of itself an insignificant little village,
nine miles from Carlisle, on the mail route to Glasgow, and
not more than one mile from the bridge of Sark, which joins
the two countries. It is composed of a few houses, which
might eaisiy be enumerated one by one in a single breath.
You have the parish church, a simple and unassuming little
pile by the road-side, and near it the manse, or residence of
the clergyman ; then the parish school-house, and under the
same roof with it, the schoolmaster's neat, unadorned, and
modest dwelling; next a farm-house, and a small licensed
depot of tea, tobacco, and snuff; a cottage or two, and a
carpenter's workshop; and, lastly, an inn and posting-house,
conducted by Mr. John Linton, as well as, at a very short
distance from the church, a sweet little cottage built for Mrs,
Morgan, widow of the late minister of Graitney. The inn
was formerly the residence of Colonel Maxwell, to whom the
property belongs ; but possessing an advantageous 'situation
both with respect to distance from the city of Carlisle, and
its vicinity to the great roads from Portpatrick and Glasgow,
it was thought proper to convert it into an hotel. This was
effected a good many years ago, when that line of road was
carried more directly to Gretna Green by a bridge of cast
iron over the Esk, about three miles below Longtown, and
the coaches ceased running round by that town and Spring-
field.

The reasons which have placed Gretna Green amongst the
famous of British villages, are not to be discovered in its ar-
chitectural merits, or in its eminence for rural scenery. In
its immediate vicinity, you have, it is true, the valley of the
Esk, with its luxuriant woods and crystal river. On the
banks of the same stream lies• the whole scene of Sir Walter
Scott's " Young Lochinvar ;" and indeed the poet could not
have chosen a spot in every respect more appropriate than
this for a " runaway marriage," so as to cause
"Mounting 'inong Gimmes of the Netherby clan;"
or more convenient for

Racing and chasing on Canobie lea,
Tho' the lost bride of Netherby ne'er could they see."

Fifteen minutes' walk from the inn brings you to the Solway
Frith, to the ebbings and flowings of whose tide the same
author in the same song has well compared the flowings and
ebbings of love. On the Cumberland side of the frith, oppo-
site Gretna Green, on a place called Burgh Marsh, stands a
monument, marking the spot where death arrested the proud
and impetuous career of the first Edward, as he %las marching
with giant strides across the border to conquer Scotland.
Nearly in the same direction, Skiddaw, Helvellyn, and
ticawfell, with other mountains in the lake district of Cum-
berland, rear their tall biue summits in the distance, and
seem to plant an insuperable barrier against the progress of
the northman venturing south. The hills, extending all
along the horizon, appear, when fhe sun is high in summer,
to form one regular and unbroken chain from Penrith to
Whitehaven. As soon, however, as the rays of the sinking
sun begin to fall upon the earth with considerable obliquity,
and to tinge with a golden hue the long steep flank of this
Alpine sierra, it is cut and broken into a thousand individual
masses; and ravines, and winding valleys, and rugged
slopes, present all the beautiful variety of their forms, which,
though perfect in outline, the distance sometimes renders in-
distinct in colour.

Amidst all the magnificence, however, of local scenery,
you may look in vain for the part which the village of Gretna
Green contributes to render itself worthy of a name. Some
other road then must lead the inquirer to the discovery of the
secret.

In the month of December, 1830, the writer of this notice
having occasion to travel by coach from Liverpool to Carlisle,
was intrusted by some friends of his with the care of a young
lady who was returning from school. Considering the friend-
ship betwixt himself and his protegee's family, and, in ad-
dition to this, considering that the young lady, to superior
personal charms, added a very lively and humorous dispo-
sition, the happy gallant payed every possible attention to
his youthful and fair companion. In the course of the day,
the suspicions of their two inside fellow travellers, who were
both agreeable and facetious gentlemen, were roused to a
wonderfully high pitch respecting the object of the juvenile
couple's journey nortlitxard. These suspicions, which, in
fact, amounted to a tacit belief that this could be no other
than a " runaway match," were confirmed by an occasional
remark, which escaped the fair lady's protector, about order-
ing a postchaise for the few miles of the journey that would
remain after reaching Carlisle. At last the truth seemed to
flash upon them with satisfactory certainty ; for Gretna
Green itself became the subject of conversation, and the
young lady was too much amused with this her first adven-
ture, after escaping from the surveillance of her watchful go-
verness, and her companion too much inclined to encourage
h dispel the speculations of their fellow-tra-
vellers bpytioann' to
attempt to correct them.
Here, then, is obtained a clew to the wonderful and mys-
terious charm which has bestowed upon the village of Gretna
Green a " deathless name." An altar has been built there,
and many a votary, urged by a zealous devotion, has come
from Scotland's sister countries to offer sacrifices upon it in
honour of the divinity of love. This altar was not raised
upon a lofty eminence, that it might be seen from the east
and from the west ; nor in a sombre valley, that the slain
victims might bleed without being exposed to vulgar eyes;
but Hymen at first chose for-his temple a mean cottage in
one of the meanest border villages, and for his high priest he
took from the forge an unlettered blacksmith.
Springfield, already described as situated on the Longtown
road, about one mile from Gretna Green, was the village in
which these honours were originally instituted, and it was
here the blacksmith passed a long period of his mortal life in
discharging the duties of his "sacred vocation." Before the
recent improvements in the Glasgow road, this was the near-
est village in England by the old line; and every party,
eagerly desiring to pay their vows, here took advantage of
the earliest opportunity to kneel at the simple and much fre-
quented shrine. But the reforms of later times being intro-
duced, Springfield was deprived of much of its hitherto un-
interrupted popularity, and the blacksmith gathered together
all the sacred things belonging to his temple, and removed
them to the adjacent village of Gretna Green, where he

erected anew thew altar of hitipatron deity.
Thus Gretna Green became the general resort of love-af-
fected swains and wealthy heiresses, determined, in sp;te of
disappointed parents aid angry guardians, to be firmly
united in the bands of w •dlock. But the blacksmith's heavy
hammer is now still in the forge, and his anvil is mute; there
the asthmatic bellows no longer draw their difficult respira-
tions, and the iron is suffered to grow cool upon the deserted
hearth. The aged priest is no more seen waiting anxiously
for the arrival of fresh worshippers, and his solemn tread
upon the steps of the altar have long ceased to echo through
the temple. The musician's epitaph may not inaptly be ap-
plied to the memory of this faithful minister of Cupid:—
" The harp, that once in Tara's hall
The soul of music shed,
Now hangs as mute on Tara's wall
As if that soul had fled."
Death has already some years ago summoned him to the
grave of his ancestars, and behind him he has left a name
that will be more lasting than the widely spread fame of many
a warrior or statesman.
It is commonly believed that the celebration of a Gretna
Green marriage is something beyond the nature of daily oc-
currences,—that the event is one of a curious and extraordi-
nary charazter,—and that, in fact, the ceremony must bear a
close resemblance to the Eleusinean mysteries so famous in
Grecian history. Upon a careful inquiry, however, into the
subject, it will appear, that in these points the generality of
people, especially in countr.es remote, greatly err, or are
grievously misinformed. It is sufficiently well known that
the celebration of a Scotch marriage differs very materially
in respect of form from the same ceremony in England.—
Marriage, according to the customs of Scotland, is equally
valid, whether performed byore a clergyman magistrate.
Few and easy are the preliminary measures necessary' to be
taken here, when an attached couple desire to pledge a mu-
tual faith and a mutual love at the hymeneal altar. Until a

recent date, difficulties unknown in Scotland opposed, on
the other side of the Tweed, the most ardently desired union.
Even now the provisions of the late marriage act, though
they may have smoothed many a real or fancied inequality,
and removed a multitude of scruples, have nevertheless left
these difficulties virtually untouched.
In Scotland, moreover, marriage is not necessarily more a
religious than a civil contract; while in England it was, till
lately, wholly a religious ceremony, and the civil law is
often, as it is in this case, less rigid in its requirements
than the ecclesiastical. The watchfulness of the Church of
England has frequently annihilated the prospective happi-
ness of an enamoured and giddy pair, who, in Scotland,
would have met with little impediment in regard to age, con-
sent of parents, and other matters necessary to be arranged
previous to the ceremony.
Te elude these obstacles, many a, long journey to Gretna
Green (though any other village on the Scottish border would
have been equally suitable, if not also more convenient, for
the purpose,) has been undertaken without much prepara-
tion, nor has such been unaccompanied, in a thousand in-
stances, with danger and expense. The writer's recollec-
tions do not carry him back to the eventful affair of Wake-
field; but it is in his power to give a minute description of
the ceremonials commonly observed at such a marriage. In
the summer of 1832, when cholera was alarmingly prevalent
along the banks of the Mersey, near which he resided, an
excursion to the north seemed to promise him most variety
and pleasure during an interval of repose from a laborious
occupation. A journey and voyage of not more than 24
hours' length brought him to the house of a friend in Cum-
berland, where he was engaged to remain on a visit for a
week or two. Here he found himself only three miles from
Gretna Green, and in the neighbourhood of his native sce-
nery. One warm and lovely morning in the month of Au-
gust he had appointed with a friend a rendezvous at the
bridge of Sark, for the purpose of bathing in the Solway's
cooling tide, and also with an intention of spending the re-
mainder of the day at Gretna Inn. An uncle of the writer's,
who lived near, and was well knofin in the village, joined
the party, and introduced them to the innkeeper, Mr Linton.
Mr. Linton, in the midst of various and common-place re-
marks, pointed out to them, in a narrow lawn or meadow be-
hind thel house, a lady and a gentleman, who were walking
about at random, apparently engaged in a close and interesting
conversation. They had arrived at the inn before the morn-
ing was far advanced, and had described the object of their
visit in such terms as led Mr. Linton to believe that they
wished forthwith to become " one flesh." The bridegroom,
however, did not seem half so solicitous as the bride about a
speedy celebration of their marriage; but, on the contrary,
betrayed symptoms of an obstinate and vexatious procrasti-
nation. Al last, the waiter, having received instructions
from Mr. Linton, entered the apartment in which the writer
and his friends were sitting, and informed them that his mas-
ter was about to perform, in another part of the house, the
ceremony of marriage, and any gentleman, if he wished,
might be present. Curiosity induced two at least of the party
to accompany the waiter into the adjoining room. Their
object in visiting Gretna Green that day was, in addition to
the enjoyment of each other's society, to find a little amuse-
ment, and they considered that their gratification would be
greatly heightened by the unusual luck of appearing as wit-
nesses of a " runaway wedding."
Full of interest in the affair announced by the waiter, and
encouraged by hopes of beholding a scene hitherto only pic-
tured by their imaginations, they arose with great alacrity,
and followed their guide to the door of the apartment in
which the little marriage party and Mr. Linton, in the offi-
cial character of priest, were assembled. The door being
opened, the two strangers entered without a syllable of in-
troduction or apology. Round a small table on the middle
of the floor, they found standing, in perfect silence, one
female and two male figures. The lady was nearest the door,
and close by her side one of the gentlemen ; while a little
apart from them stood the successor of the blacksmith, exa-
mining or arranging some papers. For some time not a
word escaped any of the company to interrupt the deep
silence of the place. If it was not a moment of uncommon
interest and suspense to the bridal pair, it was so at least to
the two highly-favoured witnesses. At length, Mr. Linton
(who, by the way, was without canonicals) relieved his audi-
ence by saying, , You must all stand up." He proceeded
to the performance of the hymeneal rites, by addressing first
the couple collectively, and asking them, in a distinct tone
of voice, whether it was their desire to be united in marriage.
He next addressed them individually, asking the gentleman
whether he took "that woman" to be his wedded wife; and
the lady whether she took "that man" to be her wedded
husband. The answers to these, and several other questions,
prescribed according to the regular ceremony of a Scotch
marriage, being altogether satisfactory, the priest produced
two separate papers bearing the royal arms, on which he
requested first the signatures of the party, and next those of
the two witnesses. One of the papers thus signed Mr. Lin-
den delivered to the lady, and the other he retained in his
own possession. The happy swain, at the conclusion of the
ceremony, retired with his bride, leaving the priest and the
two witnesses alone to pursue their own reflections.
A broomstick has been frequently mentioned as made use
of in some part of the ceremony; but the writer is bound to
confess that, on the present occasion, its use was entirely
dispensed with. Indeed, he can confidently affirm, that the
story of the broomstick is only one of many popular errors
respecting a Gretna Green marriage.
It will not yet have escaped the recollection of many, how
greatly public interest was excited by the famous trial of
Raymond d'Arcy Newton, for the abduction of Rosa Matilda
Mary Bagster. Mr. Linton, besides exhibiting the signs
manual of the parties concerned, gave the writer and his
friend an amusing and circumstantial account of that won-
derful and expensive affair. The emoluments of the priest
vary as much in value as those who repair to the matrimo-
nial shrine do in condition. These, as Gretna Green is the
common resort of rich and poor, sometimes fall to half-a-
crown, while they as often rise to fifty pounds: the tying of
the marriage-knot betwixt Mr. Newton and Miis Bagster
cost forty. All this Mr. Linton justly considers net gain :
he has no occasion to say, with the polite and humble priest
of St. Gudula, at Brussels—" Accipinzus pecuniant pro bono
ecclesia."—We only receive money for the benefit of the
church.

The Duke of Devonshire is now at Rome, in good health,
and is expected home early in February.
Men are now employed planting young trees in St. James's
Park, in the room of those which had been blown down, and
others decayed by age.
The RULING PASSION.--At Sydney the Newgate Calendar
and Johnson's Lives of Highwaymen will sell for three times
more than any standard book of the same intrinsic value.
A letter has been received from Mr. Strauss' agent in Paris,
stating Mr. Strauss, has so far regained his health as to be
able to leave Paris on the 10th inst., and that he hoped to
reach Vienna on the 20th inst,

The Earl of Sefton has returned to Croxteth, after attend-
ing the funeral of his father in the south. From the noble
earl's passionate fondness for country sports and occupations,
it is probable that he will principally reside, except during
the session of parliament, on the valuable Lancashire estates,
which his family have now held between seven and eight
hundred years.
Lust' LORDS JUSTICES.—Her Majesty's letters patent
having passed the great seal, appointing the Lord Chancel-
lor, the Archbishop of Dublin, and the Commander of the
Forces, lords justices, in the absence of the Marquis of
Normanby, these high personages were sworn in before the
privy council on Saturday.—Dublin paper.
A CLUB FOR FIRE A is said there is a club for
providing fire arms, at a small village between Royton and
Rochdale, which is constituted after the plan of the money
clubs so common in manufacturing towns. Whenever the
amount contributed is sufficient to buy a gun, lots are drawn
who shall have it, and so on in succession till each subscriber
has obtained one.

An experiment is making on part of the buildings of the
Ecole des Beaux Arts, at Paris, of a kind of oily substance,
and which, by filling up the pores, is to prevent the corrosive
action of air and water from producing the black colour that
spoils the aspect of some of the finest monuments of the capi-
tal placed in confined situations.
SINGULAR CIRCUMSTANCE.—ATTEMPT AT SUICIDE.--At a
late hour on the night of Sunday last, a son of Figaro, the
emblem of whose trade may be seen in Friargate, having tip-
pled rather deeply at " the barley bree," went to his lodgings,
and sunk into a profound sleep. In the course of the night
he awoke, and prompted by " the man of hell who calls him-
self despair," resolved to cut his throat. Forth he sallied from
his lodgings, and in the silence of night's hour, and by the
gas lamps "dimly burning," he groped his way to his shop,
which is distant from his lodgings about 200 yards. Having
entered it, he seized a razor, and, with the keen-edged instru-
ment, made a deep and dangerous incision in his throat. He
then retraced his steps homewards, and recommitted himself
to the arms of the drowsy god ; that is to say, having cut his
throat, he walked leisurely home, and went to bed. Next
morning he was found with his lubbard length stretched out,
and the clothes which he wore completely clotted and satu-
rated with the blood that had flowed durino the night. In
fact he lay in a complete pool of blood. Medical" assistance
was promptly procured; and although the wound was at first
deemed dangerous, it was found, on minute examination, that
the incision had not extended to the vital part of the throat,
and the patient is now in a fair way of recovery.—Preston
Chronicle.

A CONDOR SA DLDED.--An American vessel has just arrived
at Leghorn, and has brought to Europe, a Senor MartinOotaya, his son Pamelo, and a racer of a new description,
which Senor Martin has succeeded in taming with wonder-
ful dexterity. This racer is a condor of the Cordilleras,
of an enormous size, the extent between the two extremities
of his extended wings being thirty-two feet. He has been
rendered so gentle and tractable that Martin Ootaya's son
uses him as a horse, gets upon his back, and, to the astonish-
ment of all, flies with him to an immense height. Young
Pamelo manages him as easily as a horse by the means of a
little stick with a steel point. His first ascension took place
on the 15th ult. at noon. He rose from the Place d'Arines,
and at a certain elevation young Pamelo stood up, and saluted
the Leghorn people by waving his handkerchief. He next
got astride his steed, and they disappeared in a trice. The bird
and boy reached Florence in twelve minutes, and were back
in the evening The child was the bearer of certificates from
the Florentine authorities. Everybody goes to see the con-
dor, the price of admission being two frances. Senor Martin
is proceeding with his son and condor to Milan, whence they
will repair to Paris and London.—[Surprising, if true.'

ANOTHER VISITER TO HER MAJESTY.-011 Saturday
night, about nine o'clock, a very respectably-dressed young
man rang the bell at the tradesmen's entrance of the new
palace, and upon being asked the nature of his business by
the porter, he said hd had come for the direction of his house,
as he was tired and wished to go home. Upon being asked
to explain himself, he said he had just come from Sydney,
and had been desired to call at the palace by the Queen,
who told him be should have a house to live in, and £l5O per
year, for some very important spiritual communication he
had made to her. The young man, whose every action
showed he was an unfortunate lunatic, was then told the
Queen was not in town, when he turned away, observing
that he would go immediately to Lord Hill, and lay his case
before him. Visits of the preceding kind are very frequent
at the palace, and the tales told by the visitants are many of
them of the strangest nature. It is only a few weeks since
an elderly man, having the appearance of a farmer, called at
the palace, and handing to the porter the certificate of his
birth, requested him to let her Majesty sign it. From inqui-
ries made concerning this man, it was discovered that he
was a respectable farmer in the neighbourhood of Exeter,
from which distant place he had wandered on so strange an
errand.—Morning Resold.
THE EMIGRANT STEAM-SHIP ASIA.—We intimated, two
months ago, that the Asia had been forced back to Plymouth,
after having been at sea for nearly a month. She sailed from
Cromarty in the month of September. This vessel has not
quitted Plymouth yet, and very great dissatisfaction is ex-
pressed by the emigrants. It appears that the vessel was far
from being sea-worthy, though the accommodation was ex-
cellent. We have seen letters complaining also of the pro-.
vision department of the ship, but it is asserted by the person
whose duty it was to see that attended to, that there is no
ground whatever for the complaint. We know not who is in
the right. It must be that great dame is attributable to those
who chartered the vessel, fur it is most wonderful that, from
her damaged state, she did not go down. We copy the fol-
lowing remarks from the correspondence of a London paper,
being nearly in the same words with a letter which we our-
selves lately received from one ofthe emigrants :—" The Asia,
with 300 emigrants for South Australia, which put in six weeks
since leaky, was taken into one of her Majesty's docks at this
place; she was found very defective ; all her treenails were
replaced by new ones, and she had an entire new sheathing.
'('here is no doubt that bad she proceeded on her voyage to
South Australia. she would have gone down. Althougn she
has undergone such extensive repair, she still leaks very con-
siderably, so much so that the emigrants have protested
twainst proceeding in her. Really it is quite time that sinue
regulation should be established by Governineritirrekaniin-e,
and survey vessels, and to See-a
-at they-are in a state to pre-
secute a voyage, before they are allowed to take out emigrants
from English ports."--Inver ness Herald,