The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-12-08 00:00:00

IMPROVEMENT IN COURTS

The operations of the Health Committee under our
local act have effected much in improving the condition
of the dwellings of our working poor. Our cellar popu-
lation is already considerably reduced ; and the habita-
tions of this description which remain unoccupied, are,
generally speaking, of a superior class. A great number
of our courts have been improved ; and their most hurt-
ful features, in some measure, got rid of by increased at-
tention on the part of the authorities to their proper
cleansing. There still remains, however, much to be
done, before the character of the town can be redeemed ;
and the committee seem determined to accomplish all
within their power.
Since the passing of the local act, by which a large por-
tion of the cellar and court habitations of the poor were
declared untenantable, we have seen a large quantity of
cottage property springing up in every part of the town
to accommodate the population thus driven out. But
what has been the character of these dwellings? Un-
doubtedly their builders have complied literally with
the requirements of the act—i. e., they have given
the minimum amount of space and accommodation de-
clared to be requisite to health. The most ingenious
plans have been hit upon to comply with the letter, and
evade the spirit, of the health enactment, with a view to
save in cost of construction, and to economise land. In
some instances, in the heart of the town, where land is
most valuable, we see the area required for one made to
serve for two : cottages built upon cottages; the upper
range approached by steps, with a railed balcony, most
dangerous both for children and adults. Some of these,
so far as mere building, convenience, and ventilation are
concerned, and their dangerous character apart, are, we
believe, much better dwellings than the average of the
new cottage erections, the bulk of which are miserable
shells, undrained, with little ventilation, and as provoca-
tive of ill-health as some of the old dwellings, which they
have been built to supersede. In some of the outskirts
we see houses of even a superior class to mere cottage
tenements, erected—no doubt in literal compliance with
the law—with their backs and necessary offices close up
to the blank walls of lofty warehonses ; and it is easy to
conceive what kind of ventilation there must be in these
cases, where, except with particular winds, the effluvia
must steam up t , the bed-room windows. Some of the
pure cottage-form erections are so closely placed back to
back, that the back windows of each may be said to
admit, for nine months in the year, little better than a
stream of effluvia ; whilst the rooms of such habitations
are so miserably contracted as barely to supply breathing
room for one tenant, without a constant admission of air
from the open window—and pure air, in such cases it
cannot be. Some of the houses so constructed at their
backs are court-houses; and with respect to these the
evil is increased.

The Health Committee seem resolved to put in exer-
site their utmost. and and undoubted power, with respect
to this class of habitation. They have just determined
that in all cases where the proposed width of such courts
in front is not 15 feet in the clear, and from back to back
18 feet 6 inches—or say 7 feet for each back yard, with a
3-feet passage between and two 9-inch walls—to refuse
to pass the plans, the effect of which will be that, in the
evect of their being constructed and occupied without
such sanction of the Health Committee, their owner will
be liable to information by any common informer. Tpis
is important for builders, landowners, and architects to
consider in the laying out of their land, inasmuch as
all such plots as will not allow of courts of these dimen-
sions, and with these srrangements, must of necessity be
devoted to other descriptions of buildings.
This movement of the Health Committee we regard as
one of the utmost importance. It is well remarked in
the Health of Towns Advocate for the present week—one
of the best numbers by-the-by, which has' yet appeared,
that
"One of the greatest mischiefs arising from the want of
proper building acts and plans, is the small space allotted to
houses, and the consequent small size of the houses themselves.
The price of land is so exorbitant as to render it a matter of
difficulty for builders to construct proper tenements, and the
Clerical College" of St. Bees, approach you on the present rate of interest expected for money invested in building is so
occasion with feelings of no ordinary kind. The last few great, that the labouring classes are compelled to inhabit
months have been fraught with events of vast importance to houses altogether unfit for them. One result of this is, that
you and to us. The Great Head of the Church has, in his most of the houses of the poor are over-crowded; that is to
mysterious Providence, suddenly removed from us our late say, the cubic space allowed to each individual is less than is
truly respected and revered principal, the Rev. R. P. Buddi- consistent with the preservation of health. The prison in-
corn, and has, by the same providence, severed our connection spectors recommend that at least 1000 cubic feet of space (a
with you, who has so long, so faithfully, and so efficiently, space equal to 10 feet long, 10 feet broad, and 10 feet high,) be
presided over us as Tutor and Vice-Principal. It is not, how- allotted to each prisoner, as being essential to health and
ever, our object on this occasion to refer to this inscrutable ventilation;' and if this assertion be correct, it follows as a
dispensation of an All-wise God, further than to express our consequence that perhaps not one house at present inhabited
deep and lively sympathy with you. by our labouring classes is sufficiently large to insure the
When, however, we remember that the increasing infirmities health of its inmates. It is quite true that a very rapid venti-

PRESENTATION OF A TESTIMONIAL OF
RESPECT TO THE REV. D. ANDERSON, M.A.,

LATE TUTOR AND VICE PRINCIPAL OF ST. BEES' COL-

LEGE, CUMBERLAND

The Michaelmas term of this institution has just ter-
minated, previously to which the students in connexion
with the college were desirous of presenting the Rev. D.
Anderson, late divinity tutor and vice-principal of the
college, with some substantial expression of their esteem,
on his withdrawal from office amongst them. In pursu-
ance of this determination, a deputation of the students
waited on the rev. gentleman, with the following memo-
rial, accompanied by an elegant and elaborate inkstand of
silver, supplied from the establishment of Mr, Mayer, of
Lord-street, in this town :

MEMORIAL

REVEREND AND DEAR SIR,—We, the Students of the

of Mr. liuddicom, during the latter period of your residence
amongst us, caused the chief weight and responsibility of the
College to devolve upon you, we cannot permit you to leave
us without conveying to you an expression of our deep sense
of the loss we have sustained, as well as some token of our
feelings towards you personally. .

lation in a small house might keep it in a healthy condition,
but it would be practically impossible to obtain it ; and hence
cubic space enough should always be secured in houses."
It does not seem to be possible. that proper ventilation
can be had without some such order as that to which we
have referred is carried out : at the same time it will
doubtless press hard on some parties, who have purchased
land in ignorance of any such stipulation.

The- truly sound and faithful teaching we have received at
your hands,- in our preparation for the ministry, the strict
justice you have invariably maintained in your connection
with us, have filled us with deep gratitude and reverence;
whilst the Christian kindness and sympathy you have ever
manifested towards us, have ever won our esteem and affections.
Neither can we do otherwise than acknowledge that you, under
God, have materially aided in raising St. Bees' College to its
present high standard and usefulness. Accept, then, the
accompanying Inkstand, as a feeble expression, and but an
expression, of our gratitnde for the substantial benefits im-
parted by you to us, and our lively interest in your future lot;
and believe, dear sir, that you possess—what neither gold nor
silver can adequatelyl express—the warm esteem and affections
of the Students of St. Bees.
It now only remains that we should bid you farewell. We
earnestly pray the Father of all Mercies to shower down every
blessing, temporal and spiritual, upon yours and you. May
the Lord of the Harvest, in whose service you have hitherto
rejoiced to labour, speedily direct you to your future sphere of
usefulness : may your ministry he blessed to the conversion
and the edification of multitudes ; and finally, when this
transient scene is over, may you "rest from your labours,
and your works follow you."

THE TEA DUTIES. - NUMEROUS DEPUTA-
TIONS AT THE TitEASURY.

On Saturday, several numerous and highly-respectable
deputations from many of our chief commercial cities,
consisting chiefly of merchants and others interested in
the reduction of the duties on tea, had an interview, by
appointment, with the Premier and the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, at the Tieasury, in order to represent to the
government the justice and expediency of a speedy repeal
of the duties on tea, with the exception of Is. per lb. for
revenue purposes.

.
The combined deputations were from Liverpool, Edin-
burgh, Glasgow, Leeds, Blackburn, Manchester, Dublin,
and Norwich, and consisted severaliy of the following
gentlemen :
Town of Liverpool.—William Earle, Esq. ; T. B.
J. DK...m.21.y Muurc, EdU.

SIGNED BY THE COMMITTEE

The deputation was received by di: reverend gentleman
with many expressions of good feeling; and the following
litter, in reply, was forwarded to be read to the students
in the college hall :

. _
Town of Leeds.—Haman Stansfield, Esq. ; James W.
Scarlett, Esq.
Town of Blackburn.—Montague Fielden, Esq. ;
Pilkington, Esq.
City of Edinburgh.—W. Law, Esq.
City of Glasgow.—Glasgow East India and China As-
sociation, Glasgow Merchants' House, and Glasgow
Chamber of Commerce; John Scott, Esq.; Andrew Ja-
mieson, Esq. ; R. Eglinton, Esq,
Royal Liverpool Association for the Reduction of the
Duty on Tea.—Christopher Ransom, Esq. ; William
Rathbone, Esq. ; James Steains, Esq.
Liverpool East India and China Association.—William
Potter, Esq. ; Henry Winch, Esq.: E. Brodribb, Esq.
Liverpool Shipowners' Association.—John Lockett,
Esq.; Thomas Bold, Esq.. _

TO THE STUDENTS OF THE CLERICAL COLLEGI
OF ST. BEES.

MY DEAR FRIENDS,—I cannot sufficiently thank you for
your kind and beautiful present, and the touching address with
which it was accompanied. I shall ever value and prize them,
as tokens of your affection and personal regard, reminding me
of the many_happy days which we have spent together.
The immediate tie which united us has been dissolved, through
the removal, by the hand of God, of our beloved and reverend
friend, and I go hence to other duties, and some other sphere.
Deeply as I feel the separation, it is a comfort to be assured
that I carry along with me your esteem, and shall continue to
have an interest in your prayers. _

Your address brings before me many humbling thoughts in
the recollection of the past, and I can only attribute the expres-
sions which it contains to your indulgent partiality. I feel
how little comparatively has been done, when I consider the
short period of your preparation in its influence on the eternal
welfare of those to be intrusted to your care. My one object
eas been to raise the spiritual tone of the college—to lead you
to the simplicity of the truth as it is in Jesus—and to seek to
convince you that all acquirements in knowledge are only use-
ful if consecrated to the service of God, and laid, in humble
dependence on the Divine blessing, at the foot of the cross.
In endeavouring to accomplish this, all my energies have, I
trust been devoted to the work,. and my wish has been? whether
in public instruction, or in private and more familiar inter-
course, to promote your best and highest interests. I have
been sustained throughout by one feeling—the consciousness
that, while labouring among you, I always possessed your hearts
and affections. This carried me through any difficulty, and
made my duties light and easy; the authority and discipline of
the college were maintained, and all proceeded in harmony and
love.

Manchester Commercial Association.—Robert Gard-
ner,Esq. ; Leopold Reise, Esq. ; James Steuart, Esq.

I hope you will not imag►ne that my interest in you ceases
with my departure from St. Bees. I shall still delight to trace
you, scattered over distant parishes, and to hear of your welfare
and ministerial success ; and, wherever it may please our Hea-
venly Father to appoint my future lot, any one of you would al-
ways be sure of a ready and cordial welcome.

And now I would only bid you all,. very affectionately, fare-
well. May God bless you with the richest gifts of his grace ;
may he recompense you for the unvarying kindness which I
have ever received at your hands ; may he prepare you for his
servic

in the sanctuary, and after using you is instruments in
the advancement of His kingdom on earth, may He give you at
the last great day many souls to be your "joy and crown of re-
joicing." Believe me, my dear friends,
Yours, very affectionately and gratefully,
DAVID ANDERSON.

LIVERPOOL CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY.—It will be
seen that £12,023 has now been subscribed for this object.
Among the last subscribers are the Earl of Derby, £300;
R. B. B. H. Blundell, Esq., £200; C. Levland, Ear'
£2OO ;,and James Lawrence, Esq., £lOO. The
amount' must be considerably increased before the ben
volent intentions of the committee can be carried out.
THE SEASON.—The weather continues humid arm
cold. On Saturday morning the mercury fell 20 degrees
below zero, but in the evening it became somewhat
warmer, and some -' The winds are still

~ht rain fell

unfavourable for the arrival of the numerous shit
due from all quarters of the world at this port. Large
fleets, with supplies of bread-stuffs, are due from the
Hudson and the St. Lawrence.
ROYAL IVINRSEY YACHT CLUB BALI
the hon. secretary, has received a note from the Earl of

Melling.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.
(BY EXPRESS.)

LONDON CORN EXCHANGE.—YESTERDAY.
Daring the past week our arrivals of English Wheat were 'Very
large, and there was a good show of samples at this day's mar-
ket. With so large a supply, the trade was well supported,
although prices were rather the turn in favour of buyers.
In foreign the transactions were more extensive, particularly
for low qualities suitable for Ireland, which are Is. per quarter
dearer.

The Belgian and some of the French markets report a reac-
tion, and an advance, which has caused more inquiry for bond-
ed Wheat and barrel Flour.

An abundant supply of Barley has caused &decline of Is. per
quarter on the best samples. Distilling sorts difficult of dispo-
sal, but grinding in request at late rates. A large demand ex-
ists for floating cargoes of Indian Corn, and 3s. to 45. further
advance is offered ; but even more required for the few on sale..
We are largely supplied with foreign Oats, and a fair arrival
from our own coast and Scotland, but more from Ireland. This
trade continues in a dull, torpid state, only retail sales of
foreign at our previous currency, but Irish neglected, being
held over the value of other sorts. Malt, Beans, and Peas,
without alteration.
SMITHFIELD CATTLE MARKET.—YEcTERDAY.

Comparatively speaking, the Beef trade was in a very inac-
tive state; still, however, the primest Scots were mostly dis-
posed of at last week's prices, but all other kinds of Beet
suffered a decline of quite 2d. per 81b.
The northern droves comprised 2200 short horns, while from
the western and midland districts we received 1000 Herefords,
runts, Devons, &c., and from other parts of England, 1200 01
various breeds.

The numbers of Sheep being considerably on the incrme,
and of very superior quality, the butchers held off, and would
not purchase except on easier terms. The Mutton trade was,
therefore, exceedingly dull, and it was with difficulty the very
primest old Downs realisedss. 2d. per 81b., being 2d. lower than
on this day se'nnight. Haif-breds and Leicesters, as well as
other breeds, were 4d. per Sib. lower.
.•

The supply of Calves was small, yet the Veal trade was dull, at
barely late rates.
In Pigs very little was doing.
MONEY MARKET.—YESTERDAY.

There has been a good deal of business done in public secu-
rities this morning, evidently in reference to the shutting on
the 10th instant. Consols have been done for money at 94
and 054, and for Account at and the latter fractions being
the latest quotations. Reduced Three per Cents. have been
last sold at 94, the Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents. at 96, Fit.
cheque -bills 7 10, India Bonds 17 21 pm., and Bank Stock
2061.

It is understood that the Court will not prolong its
stay at Osborne House beyond Friday next.
THE WIDOW OF THE LATE THOMAS HOOD.—We re.
gret to have to announce the death of this lady, which
took place on the morning of Friday last. The causes of
her decease are attributed to her unceasing exertions
during her late husband's illness, and her grief over his
decease.

George Rushout, Esq. has come forward as a candidate
for East Worcestershire. He announces his " warm at-
tachment to the established Protestant religion, the true
palladium of English liberty, the safeguard of our bappy
land." He adds, that he cannot " overlook the encou-
ragement due to native industry."

CHARGE OF MURDER BY SHOOTING.—A longenquiry
has been held before the coroner of Surrey, concerning
the death of a young farm labourer in the service of Lord
Dacre, who was shot by a lad of his own age, during a
sudden quarrel. The inquest has been adjourned, on ac-
count of some suspicion that the act was premeditated.
THE FIRE ARMS MANIA.—OnIy 1138 stand of arms
have been disposed of in Clonmel since the 3rd of last
month! The price of a handy gun is about 18s. In
Clare the peasantry are 'getting such weapons at a less
price—i. e. taking them by force. The Government have
declared their intention to put the existing statute in
force to repress such outrages.

COLLISION.—Ou Wednesday, a collision took place on
the Manchester and Bolton line. In a carriage in one of
the trains were twenty-nine railway labourers, all of
whom were hurt. The collision was so violent that the
waggon behind the engine was forced upon the top of the
engine; and it was almost miraculous that the " navies "
were not completely crushed, but the carriage fortunately
was knocked off the line, or the consequences would have
been much more serious. One of the engine drivers has
been committed to prison for a month.

POWER OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE TO IM-
PRISON.—The death of a girl of loose character from
rheumatic fever, caught during her imprisonment in a
cell, said to be damp, in which she was confined by order
of an university procter, for alleged disorderly conduct,
is likely to raise the question as to the authority of the
university charter in the case of persons not members.
The coroner's jury have returned a verdict upon the facts,
strongly reprobating the system of imprisoning parties
for offences ❑ot against the general law of the land, and
requested the coroner to forward a report of the case to
the home-office.

POLITICAL OSTRACISM.—The omission of the Duke
of Richmond's name from the list of guests invited upon
the occasion of the royal visit to Arundel Castle has for
some days formed the topic of conversation at the clubs
and the other resorts of the quidnuncs at present in town.
The Duke of Richmond is, we believe, with the exception
of the noble owner of Arundel Castle, the only peer of
that rank resident in the county of Sussex, and his exclu-
sion at such a moment naturally gives rise to a thousand
conjectures. The generally received impres,ion is, that
the uncompromising Conservative principles of the Duke
of Richmond, and something of a personal antipathy in a
high official quarter resulting from those principle, have
caused this very remarkable omission. The high charac-
ter and great popularity of tlis distinguished nobleman
have invested this otherwise unimportant occurrence with
considerable interest.—Britannia.

ST. BEES' COLLEGE, CumBERLAND.—The Michael-
mas Term of this institution terminated on Thursday, the
3rd instant. The number of students was greater than
that of any similar period. At the close of the College
examinations, the first that has taken place under the
presidency of the new Principal, the " Reverend Canon
Parkinson," occasion was taken to express the warm
approbation of the Principal and the Lecturers, at the
highly satisfactory manner in which the students had ac-
quitted themselves in the different departments of study,
to which their attention bad been directed during the
term. The following gentlemen were announced as the
" prizemen " of their respective terms :
IV. Term, Messrs. Flood, R. H. Jones, Longlands, and Weston.
111. Term, Schnichben.
11. Term, Messrs. Hodgson and Huntingdon.

I. Term, Messrs. Judge and Whitworth-.
Mr Schnichben was selected librarian.
The " Easter Term " commences on Friday, the 23rd of
January, when a considerably larger admission of " fresh-
men" is expected than on any previous period since the
establishment of the College.

WOMEN WORKING A; MEN.—At an inquest last
week on one of the persons killed by the late melan-
choly Colliery explosion, at Coppull, near Wigan, the
Coroner said, he observed that the attention of the Lon-
don newspapers bad been directed to this melancholy
accident, on account of women being in the mine, which
was contrary to law. Now, he wished to know whether
something could not be done to prevent them going down
in disguise in that manner ? Ellis.—There might be
somebody to examine them. A Juryman.—But who
will examine them ? They will have them, do what you
will, and if any one was sent to examine, they would stick
a pick into him directly. The women are fonder of wor-
king in the pits than anywhere else, and you cannot keep
them out, because there they get good wages. They
"naturally" like it, though I don't think they should be
employed there. When disguised, they are very bad to
detect. A young woman used to pass our door from .a
pit at Blackrod, and I said one day to my wife, " That's
a clever young fellow ;" but my daughter said, " Nay,
she's a wench." (Laughter.) After some further con-
versation among the jury, it turned out that this " clever
young fellow," who deceived the juryman, was the unfor-
tunate young woman, Jane Moss, aged 21 years, who was
killed by the same explosion on the 24th of November.