The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-01-05 00:00:00

Lady of Me

ould stand at night,
Pouring her descant forth upon the blast

at dreams, such as earth knoweth not,
destiny and future lot ;

Of man's hig
And wilder v
Rise to her o

ions came, e'en how she might
a loved planet's sphere at last.

lent with dusky wings :
ive votaress bow'd,

xi the fleecy clOwl,

Lidst the starry frame

oce" or " Lady of the
,f Spain, and only smells

written after 1826, or in the
int was given to her then, at

!VIPORARY PRESS

10SPECTS OF THE

LIBERALS

z the Cork Constitution.)
be a trustworthy witness, Reform
plight. Instead of bestriding " the
is," it is so " cribbed, cabined, and
t a foot-print of it is discoverable.

[ward in the streets, and when it is,
irdy and stirring tones with which
tle the ear of England.
sion is made in a letter to the
.ere is little else that the reader
Mr. O'Connell's epistles have

ile to

iarkable for anything beyond re-
,s, and re-repeats himself, and

there the history of his wordy correspondence ends.
A paragraph or two, however, from the letter referred
to will exhibit his view of the present condition of re-

" What is the great mass of Reformers in England and
Scotland ? Who are they ? The Whigs—or rather, the
Whig-Radical section—are well represented by the editors of
the Leeds Mercury. They are indeed torpid Reformers—
bit by bit, half-alive, half-dead Reformers.
" Let me again ask, Who are the great mass of English
and Scotch Reformers? Whdre in Great Britain shall we
look—l will not say for members, but—for any sign of life in
Reformers, in their counties, towns, and cities? The Re-
formet sof London are still as a stagnant pool. The Reform-
ers of Edinburgh awaken only to give a sad exhibition of the
paltriness of religious bigotry. The Reformers of Glasgow
are torpid as the heavy mud in the Clyde. The Reformers
of Liverpool are asleep. Manchester, Bristol, and a hundred
other towns may be named ; but if the Reformers of those
towns be asked for, there are none to reply. Even Birming-
ham, all-powerful in Lord Grey's time, is weak as the ditch-
water in its squalid canals !

" Great mass of Scotch and English Reformers ! My ex-
cellent Sir, and worthy brethren, where are they to be found ?
I stare around me, and find that Toryism is extending itself,
and that, in Great Britain, Reform is shrinking."

Aye, " there's the rub :"—Toryism is extending and
Reform is shrink;ng, and that, too, in the very land
whose noblest institutions Mr. O'Connell had but six
years since doomed to extinction. The Lords are firm,
the Throne is safe, and the Church, save by some
moping mischief-makers in her own bosom, still stands
unscathed. The rampart raised by Conservative re-
union not all the efforts of Revolution could destroy;
and this though some of her own sons were false, and
combined with the enemy whom they ought to have
withstood. And shall we not from this take courage
and go on ? When friends, or affected friends fall off,
is that a time for inaction or dismay ? It is discourag-
ing, we admit, to witness the defection of men on
whom reliance had been placed, but what is the moral
which the wise will draw ? Is it to follow their evil

example—to desert the duty which they voluntarily
undertook—to relinquish the post which they unbid-
den had assumed,—and, traitors to cause and camp,
to turn their arms against the men by whose sides they
should have fought ? No ; they will fix their feet more.
firmly where they stand, and, prizing principle more
than life, will "set their faces like flints" against the
temptations by which their compliant companions are
supposed to have been seduced. Any success which
Mr. O'Connell may obtain, he will obtain only through
inertness, or indifference, or unfaithfulness of ours.

" The curse, cause

ss, will not come ;" and if true to

our trust, nothing can defeat us

THE CORN LAWS.
(From Alison's " Principles of Population

EFFECT OF AN ABOLITION OF THE CORN LAWS ON PRICES.
The fundamental error of the opponents of the corn laws
on'this point is, that they suppose two things to continue
which can never co-exist in tAlt same country, or even in the
same district of country, viz., permanently reduced prices,
and a permanently overflowing supply. Common sense, as
well as universal experience, demonstrate that no such result
can permanently take place. It may ensue, and often does
ensue for a time, but such a state of things never has been,

of the co

it as clear that the necessary effect of the repeal
laws would be a great increase of foreign, and a
lution of British agriculture, the question is,
state of things afford any guarantee for a con-
Exmanent reduction in the price of the neces-
o the working classes of Great Britain ? No-
clearer than that such an expectation would
her illusory. The impetus given to foreign
ould immediately and considerably raise the
n grain, while the same causes would in the
ion lower that of the British. Polish wheat
m twenty-five shillings a quarter to thirty-five
ish would fall from fifty-five to forty-five or
ould this effect continue when the produce of
hire, yielding to the effect of a competition
not withstand, was rapidly and progressively
It clearly would not. The foreign grower
lytheat down the British, and get the monopoly
market into his own hands. The moment this
to of, things arrived, the competition being
Id, prices would gradually rise again ; the
ding himself relieved from the competition
e, would not be slow in raising his prices.
Elbe and the Vistula would wave with
iant harvests, while those of the Thames,
the Clyde, would in great part be restored
s of nature ; but it is by no means clear that
f Manchester or Glasgow would eat his bread
he had practically come to depend upon
rs of Poland instead of those of his own

But suppose that, in consequence of the unrestricted ad-
mission of foregin grain, the price of subsistence is perma-
nently lowered to the British consumer, will any benefit
thence in the end accrue to the working classes of Great
Britain ? If, indeed, they could succeed in maintaining their
money-wages at the existing level, they would be very great
gainers indeed by the change, although the withering effect of
the destruction of the agricultural classes would, in the end,
come to re-act on this temporary prosperity of the manufac-
turing classes. But could the manufacturing operatives, or
any class of labourers, keep their money wages up at their
present level if a permanent reduction in the price of the ne-
cessaries of life had taken place ? Nothing is clearer than
that they could not. The money-rate of wages, wholly in-
dependent of the price of provisions from year to year, is
entirely regulated by it, other things being equal, from ten
years to ten years. If, by the free importation of foreign
grain, the money-price of it is reduced one-half, the ultimate
result will be, that wages will fall one-half also. It is impos-
%Rile ii. can be otherwise; for even if tire-reduction did not
ensue from any other cause, it would inevitably be brought
about by the great impulse given to population, and conse-
quent multiplication of labourers, under the influence of un-
diminished money-wages and augmented ease of circum-
stances, and an increased durable fall in the price of the ne-
cessaries of life.

Past history and past experience alike concur in demonstra-
ting this important fact. In the time of the Norman con-
quest, the price of wheat was from three shillings and six-
pence to five shillings per quarter ; but nevertheless, the la-
bourers had not half the command of the necessaries of life
they have now, for the money-wages of labour were a half-
penny a day during the remainder of the year and a penny
in harvest. Provisions are incomparably cheaper in Poland
and in Russia than they are in this country ; but are the Po-
lish or Russian peasants half as comfortably fed, lodged, or
clothed, as the corresponding classes in this country ? Every
one knows that so far from being so, or obtaining any benefit
whatever from the cheap price of provisions in their own
country, they are, in truth, the most miserable labourers in
Europe, and feed upon scanty meals of rye bread, in the very
midst of splendid wheat crops which they raise for the more
opulent consumers in this country. In the southern pro-
vinces of Russia wheat is often only ten shillings a quarter,
from the total want of any market. But what is the conse-
quence ? why, that watr,es are so low, that the Cossack horse-
man gets only eight shillings and six pence a year of pay from
government. Examples of this sort prove how extremely
ill-founded is the present opinion, that permanently low
prices must necessarily produce comfort to the working
classes.
HOME AND FOREIGN

kRKETS FOR MANUFACTURES.
It the manufactures raised for the
a half of those which are consumed in the

export sale el':
home market,

Liestion comes to be, even with reference
he manufacturing classes themselves—is
force on a change which may seriously

...asses whose productive indus--
main-spring from which the wealth is ob-
these manufactures for the home market
Is it prudent to advocate measures which
may extend the market for that class of our manufacturers
who produce forty-eight millions' worth of goods, by level-
ling a deadly blow at theinterests of those classes who take
off a hundred millions a-year worth of goods? Considered
merely as a matter of pounds, shillings, and pence, as a cal-
culation of profit and loss, it is surely an unwise thing to at-
tempt to push the lesser market at the expense of the greater
—to seek to extend a distant market of half the dimensions,
by crippling a nearer one of double.
But the case becomes incomparably stronger, and, in fact,
altogether invincible, when it is recollected what is the dif-
ference between the description of persons who constitute
the foreign and compose the home market. The foreign
market is, in great part, composed of individuals owing alle-
e to independent potentates; and Who either have been,
::/‘

ty of ti

t the 1

try constitut,
tained, by wi

are purchase(

it may become, our inveterate euemies. The home market

is made up of our own countrymen, brothers, and friends,
the bone of our bone, and flesh of our flesh—the sinews of
the state, by whom its independence is maintained against
foreign invasion, and its prosperity seeured against domestic
calamity. What will the operatives of Birmingham, Man-
chester, or Glasgow, gain by doubling the growth of corn in
Poland, Prussia, or the Ukraine ? Nothing but this, that
they will augment the resources and revenue of the Czar,
who wields at his pleasure the whole power both of Russia,
Poland, and Prussia, and enable him to pursue, with increased
advantages, any designs against the prosperity of this
country and the independence of Europe ? What will
they gain by crippling the agricultural resources of England,
and impoverishing, more or less, five-sixths of its inhabi-
tants, who now depend, directly or indirectly, upon the two
hundred and fifty millions' worth a year of wealth created by
its agricultural labourers? What but 'that they will essen-
tially weaken and depress every branch of the community ;
diminish the best and most profitable market for their own
industry ; augment the weight of the national and parochial
burdens, which, in default of the landed interest, must be
borne by themselves, as the producers of its manufacturing
wealth; and disable the state from maintaining that contest
for its own, and the general independence of Europe, with
the Colossus of northern ambition, which every one sees is
fast approaching ?
In truth, more momentous considerations than even those
of national wealth or prosperity depend upon the vital ques-
tion which is now at issue between the manufacturing and
ag icultural classes. The national independence—the national
existence—is at stake. It requires little penetration, indeed,
to perceive that the general peace which we have so long en-
joyed is not destined to be of very long endurance ; and that
a contest, possibly as serious and protracted as that with
Napoleon, awaits us with the power which has already
arrayed more than' half of Europe under its influence.
Poland, Prussia, the Ukraine, are all provinces of Rus-
sia—they all equally take the law from the Cabinet of
St. Petersburgh. Odessa, Dantzic, Memel, and Riga,
are alike Russian harbours. Yet iese are precisely the
ports from which our supply of grain must inevitably
be obtained, if we throw open our ports to foreign com-
petition. The provinces from which we shall almost ex-
clusively obtain our food will be those that wait at the
beck of the Emperor Nicholas. To the permanent ambition
of the Russian Cabinet, the British possessions in India
afford an attractive object of desire ; to the jealousy and
apprehensions of their despotic government, our free institu-
tions and unrestrained press are a constant subject of disqui-
etude. Everything, therefore, both in political combination
and national interest, conspires to indicate that the seeds of
permanent rival hostility between the British and Muscovite
empires have not only been sown, but are already fast spring-
ing to maturity. And yet it is at the very moment that this
fact has become clearly apparent to the inhabitants of both
countries, that the infatuated manufacturers of England pro-
pose to place their necks under the feet of their formidable
rival, by placing in his hand the keys of the granary from
which they are to be fed. With what joy would the mea-
sure be hailed in the salons of St. Petersburgh ? How ra-
pidly would all apprehensions of the British power vanish
before the effects of this once suicidal act ! Vain, then,
would be the prowess of the British arms—vain the reflec-
tions of their former glory ! Without fitting out one ship of
the line—without raising one hostile banner, the Emperor of
Russia would beat down the once dreaded power and inde-
pendence of England. By simply closing his harbours, by
shutting up the granaries of Dantzic and Hamburg, he would
speedily starve us into submission. The populace of Great
Britain, deprived of their wonted supply of bread, would be-
come ungovernable, and submission soot be felt to be a
matter of necessity. Can we, who, with our eyes open, pro-
pose to do such things, blame the Carthaginians who first
surrendered their galleys and arms to the Roman generals,
and then, when the legions were encamped around the walls,
found themselves without weapons to withstand an inveterate
enemy, and perished through the impotence they themselves
had created ?

THE STORM IN THE SEA OF MARMORA AND

THE BLACK SEA

The Austrian Observer gives some particulars of the storm
of the night of the Ist December, in the Sea of Marmara and
the Euxine, which have not appeared in other papers. Ac-
cording to the account in a letter from Constantinople, the
steamer Seri Pervaz, belonging to the Danube Steam Navi-
gation Company, which sailed towards the evening of the Ist
of December from Constantinople for Syria, was, sh.rtly
after her entrance into the Sea of Marmora, overtaken by the
most violent tempest which ever raged within the memory of
man in those regions. The wind blew from the N.N.W.,
and was, during the whole night, accompanied by a continual
fall of drifting snow. Unfortunately the engine, which was
not in due proportion to the magnitude of the Seri Pervaz,
had not sufficient power to enable her to withstand the fury
of the elements ; so, after being tossed about among the waves
in the most dreadful manner for more than 12 hours, :he was
finally driven on the Asiatic coast; at 6 in the morning she
struck off Arundli, in the Gulf of Madania.

The passengers for Syria were the Austrian Lieutenant-
Colonel Philippovich, Count Andreas Szechenyi, Austrian
Captain of Cavalry ; Baron Von Taubenheim, Master of the
Horse to the King of Wurtemburg ; and M. Von Steinal, one
of the interpreters in the office of the Austrian Internuncio.
All these, as well as the captain and crew of the steamer, suc-
ceeded in reaching the shore. The Turkish soldiers, which
were embarked to the number of 550, were also all fortunately
saved, with the exception of ten, some of whom were washed
overboard during the passage, and some were drowned from
their imprudent eagerness to get into the boats putting off for
the shore. Measures were promptly taken by the Danube
Steam Navigation Company to afford assistance to the Seri
Pervaz. The Crescent, steamer, which had just arrived from
the Black Sea, was immediately despatched to the wreck.
The Lloyd's steamer Ludovico also repaired to the spot and
speedily returned to Constantinople with the above-named
passengers. The engine is saved, and part of the machinery
has been brought to Constantinople. Whether the hull may
be repaired cannot be ascertained until the boilers and other
machinery are cleared out.

The Crescent experienced a stormy passage in the Black
Sea. She was frequently obliged to lie to, being incapable of
making any effort, Four men were swept from the deck by
the waves, two perished of cold, and twelve arrived at Con-
stantinople with half powerless limbs, benumbed by the frost.
The Russian steamer Neva, one of those which maintain the
regular communication between Odessa and Constantinople,
was wrecked at Kila, near the entrance of the Bosphorus.
Of all on board only the captain and seven other individuals
were saved. The remainder—namely, six passengers and 13
seamen—found a watery grave.
The Stamboul arrived at Constantinople on the Bth, all
well, from Trapezunt, having lain for some days in port to
avoid the storm. She brought intelligence that the Ferdinand
had sustained no damage in the passage to Trapezunt.
The shipwrecks occasioned by the storms of the Ist were
extremely numerous in the Black Sea. We have already in-
formation of the fate of 18 Greek vessels, three English, and
several Austrian, Sardinian, and Neapolitan merchantmen,
which have been cast away on the coasts of that sea. Seven
shipwrecks have occurred even in the canal itself, which
unheard-of circumstance is sufficient to give an idea of the
extreme fury of the storm.

Monday last, December 28, being the day appointed for
the celebration of Saint John the Evangelist (one of the pa-
tron saints of the most ancient and highly respected frater-
nity of free and accepted masons), at three o'clock, pursuant
to notice, the members and visitors assembled in the great
Cestrian Lodge Room, Royal Hotel. Soon after the lodge
was duly opened by the worthy past-master (Thomas Fin-
chett Maddock, Esq.), and the R. W. I). P. G. 19 aster for the
province of Chester (John Finchett Maddock, Esq.) having
taken his station on the throne, the ceremony of installing
worshipful master for the ensuing year commenced, when
Brother Charles Hamilton, who had, by the unanimous voice
of the lodge, kindly consented a second time to be elected to
fill the chair, was installed, with the usual forms and cere-
monies, worshipful master of the Cestrian Lodge for the en-
suing twelve months, and received the hearty congratulation;
of the brethren present. His worship was then pleased to
appoint the following brethren his officers for the, ensuing
year :—R. Roberts, Esq., senior warden ; J. W. Bage, Esq.,
junior warden ; Brother S. Brown (elected by ballot for the
sixth time), treasurer •, Brother John Moss, senior deacon ;
Brother Edward G. Willoughby, junior deacon ; Brother
Jenkins, junior guard ; and Brother S. Jones, tyler. We
sincerely congratulate the brethren of this lodge on their
choice of so excellent a master, and his discrimination in the
appointment of such efficient officers.

The business of the day having been disposed of, the direc-
tor of the ceremonies (Brother S. Brown), by command,
marshalled the procession, which proceeded to the banquet
room in the following order :—Two Tylers, with drawn
swords ; Junior Guard, with drawn sword ; the Most Wor-
shipful the D. P. G. Master, supported by the Worshipful
Master of the Lodge, and the Rev. Chaplain (Brother Fol-
liott ; Brother Brefrey, V. W.; the P. P. G. S. Wardens
for Cheshire; Brother T. Bennett, the P. G. Junior Deacon
for Cheshire ; Visitors of distinction, the Senior and Junior
Wardens, Treasurer, Senior and Junior Deacons, Subscrib-
ing Members and other Visitors, two and two ; Tyler, with
drawn sword.

UNIVERSITY AND ECCLESIASTICAL INTELLI

GENCE

OXFORD, JAN. 2.—The Lord Bishop of Chichester has
collated the Rev. James Hughes, fellow of New College, to
the canonry and prebend of Borsalis, vacant by the resigna-
tion of Dr. Williams, the warden of New College.
The Rev. F. W. Holme has presented the Rev. Meyrick
Holme, of Brazennose College, to the perpetual curacy of
Marston Mersey, Wiltshire.

The Lord Bish.op of Lincoln has presented the Rev. John
Bowstead to the vicarage of Messingham with Bottisford,
Lincolnshire. _ _

The Dean and Chapter of Chichester have presented the
Rev. Thomas. Brown to the canonry and prebend of Highley,
in the cathedral of Chichester.

The Lord Bishop
.of Lichfield has presented the Rev. Jo-
seph Garton to the vicarage of Towccster, Northamptonshire.

,t,bipping ifarellignut:

FRIDAY, JANUARY I.—Wind N.W

ARRIVED.—WiIIiam Rathbone, Davis, from Bonny, sailed 27th
September, in company with the Commerce for this port—Diadem,
from Jamaica—Carthaginian, from Quebec

Oporto, Spears, from Nassau ; Margaret Henderson, Ewing, from
Monte Video ; and Leopard, from New Orleans, off Cove
Acadia, (steamer,) hence for Halifax, was spoken gth December,
at noon, in lat 50, long 21

Robert Watson, from Quebec for this port, was spoken 24th Dec.
inlat 51, long 16

Vitula, from Quebec off Cork, 25th December, and supplied with
provisions by the Shenandoah

Aftarkets.

BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, JANUARY 1.
Brokers Offices have been closed since the 24th of December, anil
will not re-open till the sth instant. We have consequently n
transactions to report.