The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-02-02 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANWARD,

DISTRICT PROVIDENT SOCIETY, ..-
OFFICE, 4, QUEEN-SQUARE.
THE Treasurer begs to acknowledge the receipt of
the following Additional Donations :
James Lotke, Esq., C.E., per George Hall Lawrence,
Esq., Mayor £so 0 0
Edward Dod, Esq., Cheapside 3O 0 0
Messrs. Francis ad James Mill • 15 0 0
C. S. G., per Rev. J. B. Monk lO 0 0
James ProctPr, Esq.
Richard Brooke, Esq., Canning-stree •,---- lO 0 0
Messrs. W. Steele and Sons.
E. Paulet, Esq
Messrs. D. and C. M'lv
It. Yetley, Esq., We erby
James Pownall, Es.l.
Richard Gibson, Esq. lO 0 0
Miss Cardwell, per Rev. Rector Campbell
M. S. . 5 0 0
E. S. G.
James Long, Esq. • • 5 0 0
J. Hughes, Esq.
Messrs. 'Tear, Hadfield, and 000000000 t 0 0
King Ellison, Esq.
James Mawdesley, Esq. 5 0 .0
W C.
John Torr, Esq.
Edward• Gibbon, Esq. . 5 0 0
James Radley, Esq. 0 . 2 2 0
Miss C., per ‘V. Coward, Esq. 2 0 0
Miss Bennison, Birkenhead.
John Holmes, Esq, 29, Lord-street
Messrs. John Gibbon and Co. • 2 0 0
Balance of a Loan Society, per A. N. and E. M. ..• 1 1 0
Mr. W. Kershaw . 1 1 0
Messrs. Joseph Fletcher and Co.
A Wager, per Mr. Kershaw 1 0 0
Mr. Thomas Leicester . • 1 0 0
T. W. . 0 10 6
A. L.
Miss Hanfilt-an . 0 10 0
A Friend, per J. G 0 10 0
J. T. 0 5 0
Mr. William Lloyd, per Standard-office , 0 5 0
Gratis, xr E. G.

CORRESPONDENCE.

THE POOR-RATES.

TO THE EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD,

SIR,—As brevity will be the first claimant to editorial
indulgence during a busy parliamentary session, I will
waive exordium and state at once, that as the claims of
Ireland have, by common consent and acclamation in the
House of Commons, been allowed to be fastened as a
right on the United Kingdom at large, so the house has,
I contend, by that nem. con. decision, undeniably esta-
blished the claim of the parish of Liverpool to indemnity
out of the public purse for the enormous expenditure in-
curred by the influx of Irish paupers into the parish pre-
cincts—an influx which it could not control, and for
which it ought not to be held exclusively and pecuniarily
responsible. I hope our parish authorities will not fail
to take advantage of the feeling manifested and the ad-
missions made in the House of Commons during the late
debates, but will, notwithstanding their recent defeat,
again push, and strenuously too, their claim for indem-
nity, on the very ground taken by the several speakers,
that a national calamity ought to be nationally met. To
succeed, Mr. Editor, the importunity must be strong,
and again and again repeated. A simple denial ought not
and must not be taken, for our claims are indefeasible
after what has passed in parliament; and right sure am I,
that if we go with a demand instead of a request, success
will be the result.

I will only intrude on your space with one concluding
remark, namely, that if we mean to relieve Ourselves of a
larg3 portion of the heavy incumbrance now pressing on
us, /cork—useful, productive, hard work—must be in-
sisted on as an equivalent for relief; and that relief
shodd be given not in money, but in food. This is now
tryiltg in Manchester with the happiest success. Out of
tens of thousands that are now seeking relief at our
hauls, there are thousands to whom any the slightest
labcur, and the confinement it involves, would be a bug-
ben, and who would prefer a vagrant perambulation of
anddistribution through the country, enjoying a better
sup)ly of food with the pleasures of idleness, to the exer-
.cise of that honest industry to which our own native
popilation is not only compelled, but is willing to bend.
There ought eot to be, there cannot intact be, any diffi-
culty in finding -employment at a low rate of requital.
Leta temporary "Board" be at once formed for the
asconplishertent of this desideratum-1 nay, rather than
failof the attempt, I would commence a new dock forth-
will—anything to test the willingness of individuals for
work.

Mare mot trespass further on your space, or out of a
nunber of suggeAtions that I coald make, some one or
moe would be •fount} to grapple with the difficulty, and
rides ,af the nuisance we are enduring.
T. R.

shall'be,glad to receive the suggestions of our oar-
resiondent. His remarks are pointed, and his arguments
irresistible.]

THE DESTITUTE IRISH.

Bre' Vicarage, county Limerick,
26th January, 1847. •
Al DEAR Ma. GROVES,—You anticipated the cause
'of my silence. My strength is failing, and I cannot
obain' a single day's• rest to recruit ; but for the Lord's
.gret and renewed mercy I must long since have sunk
unler a burthen too heavy for one -already overworked.
In districts like this all that merely secular labour, so
eherfully and ably executed in large towns here as in
:Eqland by laymen, falls with accumulated force chiefly
onthe clergy of. our Church. I was obliged to make my- -
set Tersonally responsible in order to secure for the itn-
• muse mass of the destitute in this place a sufficiency of
1- feel at a reduced rate, otherwise plunder and starvation
mist have long since ensued. Bruff Relief District, of
Nykiell I' am honorary secretary, is nearly forty miles
sqtare, and contains 14,783 inhabitants, of whom one-
:lnt,• at least, are in a state of destitution. Notwith-
striding all our exertions •at Sessions, &c., we have at
lerh obtained employment on the public works for 1218
,oriy. The Government officer allows but one ticket for
wkrk in any family under six in number, and the average
wges being Is. per day, you can see how inadequate that
povision is to meet an exorbitantly high market. We
hve been obliged, therefore, to sell, in opposition to the
Cavernment regulation, whole wheaten meal and Indian
ern meal, (now about £2O per ton,) at a weekly top on
1 tons per week of from £3O to £5O. We have expended
it this way already, since September, £682 155., and, our
find. is exhausted. The workhouse of the union was
hilt for 800 paupers, and seldom had above 350 ; it now
cutains 1400, and is closed against all other applicants
tl further accommodation be provided. Besides a con-
' tmally increasing number of labourers thrown upon us
hfarmers and gentlemen after they have exhausted all
• te` forced works upon which they previously employed
tem ; besides these claimants, all who by age or infir-'
city cannot work, are looking to us for relief; and nearly
if) females, to the disgrace of humanity, are clamouring
ft- employment on the roads. Such, my friend, is our
cse. We have established a soup shop, for which I
rised £6O, chiefly in England.
am anxious to submit to your consideration my-de-
berate views on the ultimate results, .by God's blessing,
o the present appalling calamity. Ireland contained at
to commencement of our new trial an immense mass of
por and uneducated people, compacted together by the
osest bonds of political and ecclesiastical union. This
ass was accumulating at the rate, I have been assured,
ohalf a million a-year, and was mostly impenetrable to
tHne truth and bitterly hostile to every thing English,
Rile party men of every name were continually strength-
eing its influence, and sapping the antagonist system of
or. Protestant Church. God only knows what would
lire been the issue, had He not broken up the whole
stern by the destruction of the potato crop—never again,
Trust, to be our staple food; now the very people ,so
lined are ranged on the same side with the benevolent
Prtestants, lay and clerical, whom they were taught to
eider hostile to them. Improvident marriages must
ase ; industrious habits supersede idleness ; good food,
gen crops, &c., must henceforward be cultivated and
cloyed t• and instead of making-Ireland a mere tool of
'Ay, all Parties must unite in raising her immediately to
a exalted condition in the scale of nations, and the
sivants of Christ 14bour more energetically and syste-
ntically than heretofore to spread the Gospel of peace, .
riose fruits are righteousness, industry, and prosperity
ievery nation where true Christianity prevails.
'n addition to what I have already stated, it is but just
tonention that our own private resources are greatly
strightened, by the loss of' our potatoes which greatly
triel our families, by rise in the price of bread, now
dable what was usual, and by the difficulty—almost im-
ptsibility—of getting in rents.—Believe me, your affec-
tiinte and obliged, GODFREY MASSIE.
Mr. Groves, of Rumford-place, will, we understand,
giily receive any contributions for the Rev. G. Massie.

The following letter has just been received by .a highly
Epectable gentleman in this town :

• Carrielook House,
Crookstown, near Cork, Jan..2Bth.
NY DEAR' SlR.—Your kind and welcome letter I had
to pleasure of.receiving only this moment, on my. return
for the centre of all the appalling wretchedness about
Lithereen. -I do not mean to spin out a long letter by
Rationing what, or one tithe of what, I witnessed. Suf-
iceit to say that, one iota of what has been stated,in the
ton papers, ,which no doubt you look at, is not over-
olcired. was for three weeks amongst theutenantry on
wonnall estates of which I have the manatement, and
-onwill not baastonished when I tell you (after what you
iav seen in the papers) that out of thirty-three tenants
m sic estate, only four had seed sufficient to sow their
illige ground, aid certainly not sufficient, in addition to
..naittain their families with for another month. I entered
.mehouse in which the proprietor was lying by the fire, in
fell-, as the family told me ; but I rather think it is • de-
biliy after fever the poor sufferer is labouring under, and
(cos which, I think, in a few days more he will he-finally
relosed ; and I -attribute his exhauSted state to the want
of nose necessaries so indiSpensable to the recovery of a
peron from fever. -.There was not in the house a morsel
Of nod of any kind, and before I had been there, the fa-
init requested that the ground might be taken up, as they
•liadno seed of anybind to plant, nor food to exist on: In
inciter horse was the.man, his wife, and seven children,
!widest fifteen years and the youngest at the mother's
;rest ; and, dreadfa; to state, they had only from
!atsiday evening last, until the following' Monday at
wdve o'clock (tire time I was with -them) one:quart of
f raw wheat, which on Sunday after mass they boiled
ad diAded amongst the nine in family, or more properly
)cakieg, amongst the .eight, tOr the youngest son was, as
before stated, at its mother's breast. In truth, were I
• ..g.,, on, I would extend the letter much beyond whati
tendetl. lam -now about to procure seeds for sowing
•ry nearly the entire of those two small estates, as the
hints are all requesting, to hare the ground taken off
€ir hands. Thus, then, the whole of the last half
sir's rent is totally lost to-ISe proprietors ; and yet-they,
niexeciecl, and are to thentmost of their power contri-
-IEO to the relief of the snaring tenants. Your kind
-..akistaneesfor the poor of this neighbourhood came most
mortunely, asihat which you sent before is exhausted,
though my-sisters added to,-that a similar quantity of
Aimee], which they made into Thick porridge with broth
lade from the bones and refuse of our table, which,
trough God's mercy, has been theineans of saving many
Lm starvation, nothing in the shape of 'a•soup-house for:
tepoor being yet established in this parish. !'he rice by
ielf, prepared in a particular manner by my sisters; has
km the means of recovering soniesdozen or two persons
am •the prevailing epidemic whichis airrying off many,
commences like dysentery, and terminates life by en-
i-gement of theltbdoznen. We had two inquests on
%dies:of poor men Who died after leaving their work at '
le roads !wing now opened in this quarter, the latter of
nisi was held this day. I did not hear the verdict Of
to jury. My sisters will continue to dispense your kind
slatance -to the poor of this locality with untiring'
rsiety. We all here join in most affectionate regard to
v your fireside, and believe me yours sincerely,
G. N. -0)BS014. • •
---....--.....__ .

DANGEROUS NATURE OF GUN COTTON,

IRISH PAUPERS IN LIVERPOOL.

At the Council Meeting tomorrow, Mr. Samuel Holme
-will move " That a special committee be appointed to
confer with the parochial authorities, and to take such
steps•2B may be thought advisable under the present ex-
traordinary pressure upon the parochial funds and conse-
quent expense to the rate-payers; and that such commit-
tee have power, if theythink fit, by deputation or other-
wise, to make all necessary representations to Parlianient
andthe Government on this important subject."
. 'THE ELECTRO-MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH.—Rapid com-
munication has for:years been an important .mechanical
study, and its necessity, in these days of almost lightning
locomotion, gave birth to that important invention,-=the
electric telegraph,—which, though opening a new field for
.scientific skill, has but proved the stepping-stone for
greater and more significant designs. We have, during
thepast week, had the pleasure of a private inspection of
Messrs. Nott's electro-magnetic telegraph, the beautiful
models of which have been on view at the Waterloo Hotel,
:and we must without hesitation pronounce it less compli-
cated and more intelligible than ally we have hitherto
seen ;—iudeed, it is so simple that an inspector, with one
..grain. of mechanical skill in his composition, would at
once comprehend its principle and its application. In
appearance it is not unlike a spring clock, and not any
larger. Round the outer edge of the, dial there are two
rows of letters, so placed that a complete alphabet is
formed within every quarter circle ; round the centre are
figures and stars, interspersed with the names of the
several stations on the London and North. Western Rail-
way: From the centre of the dial is a balance-hand, the
longett-end pointing to the letters, while the shorter one
is to revolve round the circle of figures and stations. This
hand is worked by a key similar to that of a piano, which,
when pressed, causes the finger to move to the next let-
, ter, and on returning to its position, to that -succeeding, .
the motive power being the electric fluid acting on what
is technically called " a dead beat escapement--(a toothed
wheel, with latch stops)—a motion that mustbe unerring.
If a signal has to be made to any station, the battering is
turned on, and, by a slight movement of an indicator, the
key works upon the bell, on which you strike the number,
of the station to be communicated with. The finger is
then-worked round the dial, passing slightly on the let-
. ters that spell the words of the required communication.
All railway business is doge by figures and a book of re-
eference—thus, if 365 be telegraphed, it might signify,
" the road is stopped between, '—and the figures passing
on the names of the stations completes the sentence.
In the electro-magnetic telegraph only one wire is used.
and -that may be laid even under ground or water
without detriment to the principle ; and at every station
at which there is a dial, the communication will be simul-
taneously indicated, but should a private communication
be required it can be most simply effected. The simpli-
city and efficiency of this invention form its beauty.
There is no multiplicity of wires—no magnetic needles
that, by their deflections, indicate the letters or words
of a question or answer, but the thing is so simple that,
on inspecting it, we placed ourselves in communication
by the telegraph with one of the agents, and received the
most prompt replies to our interrogations, and that with-
out the slightest difficulty. The expense of this inven-
tion is little over half the cost of the electric telegraph,
and we learn that it is probable that it will be adopted I
on the leading lines from Liverpool, as also along the •
whole length of the Liverpool Docks.
EFFECTS OF FOURPENNY ALE-UPON THE EYESIGHT.—
At the meeting of the Liverpool licensed victuallers, on
Friday, Mr. John May, publican, of Toxteth-park, spoke
as- follows with reference to the effect of fourpenny ale
ripen the eyesight :—lle was anxious to sec working men
give up the use of low-priced ale, for they generally took a
cold in their eyes by drinking laughter,)--and in-
flammation often took place.—(loud laughter.)—He actu-
ally knew one or two instances in which parties who drank
fourpenny ale had entirely lost their eyesight. He had
seen fellows smoking their nasty dirty pipes, and drinking
a penny glass of ale, and asking the landlord for a bit of
lemon, and then a bit of sugar, and then a bit of ginger to
put into it ;—(continued laughter ;)—and he had often
wondered .within himself how •there could be any Profit
upon such a transaction. If brewers would brew nothing
less-than 445. ale, they would not only benefit themselves,
but they would prevent half the population from running
blind.—(Cheers and laughter.)
EXTINGUISHING nags WITHOUT ENGINES.—At the
fire in Mason-street, Mr. MtDonald, of the Harrington
Water Works, tested his plan of extinguishing fires by
'water throven direct from the mains, without the aid of
the ordinary fire engines. Having procured sufficient
length of hose, he caused them to be attached to a stand
pipe in Tabley -street ; a jet of water was immediately
projected with great.force on the burning ruins, and such
was the effect produced by this one branch, that several
engines which had been playing previously, were at once
dispensed with by Lieut. Maxwell, and a continuous
stream of water was poured on the smouldering ruins by
this means, proving incenteetibly the superiority of the
high pressure system,—a system which, if carried out on
a comprehensive scale, will prove of inestimable value to
the whole community. This branch poured a continuous
stream of water from the time it was put in operation
until yesterday morning. The altitude of the stream of
water was much greater than that thrown by the ordinary
fire-engines, as was clearly demonstrated. In fact.it was
evident that-the effect produced by this one branch was
equal •to -at least three ordinary engines. On Friday
evening, Mr. -11I'Donald tried the -effect which would be
produced by inserting three similar branches in the same
main. The result of this experiment was equally gratify-
ing with the first. Jets of water, of great altitude, being
-projected from each, while that playing on the ruins- was
not in the least diminished. With a power such as this
'for exthignishing,fires at our disposal, let us hope that no
time will be lost ia having it made available in all eases..
• THE IRISH LANDLORDS.—Lord John Russell admits
t that, on a moderate estimate, the loss by the potato crop
. maybe taken at twelve millions of pounds sterling. Add
' the loss on oats, pigs, poultry, &c., and .perhaps eightceis
.ntilliows will not more than coverit. Now on what prin-
ciple of justice or reason should this loss fall on the Irish
landlords? Why arc they expected to make it good?
Had they any hand. in causing it ? Was it -their breath
that blighted the leaf and rotted the root, and plunged
I our population in want and woe ? Why, then, are they
to be visited with its coesequences ? Why are they to be
I eingled out for spoliation ? Is it not enough that they
exert'thenieelves to relieve the destitution in proportion
to their means, without being required to swamp their
properties, forego the edeication of their children, and
.leave them Without proven when it pleases God-to euni-
men thernselves &old the scenes of sorrow and of suffering
which they witness now ?• And whet. is true of them is
true of others. Wli is the harassed shopkeeper to be
saddled with the burden of an "imperial ,calamity' when
the bizrdens incident to his situation are greater than he
can bear? Bending under the weight of his, general oh--
tigations, is he to tie broken down by being subjected to
this ? If so, what is the meaning' of those words of Lord
John Russell ? Dow not "all insperiel calamity" imply
an imperial responsibility ? and will. Ministers. discharge
their duty if they inmese on a proxince what ought to be
undertaken by an empire? True, Roebuck may 61).
jest ; • but it aught not to have much ,weight.— Cork con-
stitution. .
' Mr. Williams offers: some valuable property for sale, as
does also Mr. Waterbense.
7 THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. . . RaBY RATTLER.—Oftlthe piece, now playing at, the
morning, at breakfast table, whilst, my boy Surrey, the Times, MorninY AdverliserOrvekly _Dispatch,
w • and' Sunday Times all speak in the very highest terms.
a •ffleall. square of gun cetton oVer the
examining
stns from his cup of tea, it exploded with that low heat. Mr. Hammond, we are told, is going to produce it, firth-
with, at the Adelphi. .Raby Rattler is from the pea 'of
nearly- blew out his eye, struck brother, who was a
the author of the serial Rowland Bradshaw.
yd from him, in the face, and injured him considerably.
besehad still one -of these -squaree or Packet's in his i SPLENDID ALABASTER ORNAMENTS.—We had wester.
•wstcoal; pocket, which I removed with great caution and day the ph asure of inspecting a fresh importation of
sled, and had I held it amciereent longer, I cannot say Alabaster Ornaments certainty More beautiful. in ,execu- !
tion than any we have previously seen ; and as they eoine
mat the consequences inighthavobeen ; for, in the act
°throwing it through the window; it exploded with a pose nynY new and"novel subjects they are attracting the
attentionc onoisseurs. Amongst thew are vases, most
gnat report, 'These 'squares arc sold to childien for eight of
elaborate in
,execution, classic .groups, • the grace and
a tinny ; and I think it my duty to the publie to give this.
nciet, that parents may prevent their chadeen from pore beauty of whicie is iinapproached by any similar semblance
chsing them. At the mare- Lope shopkeepers Of nature by EnAeli artists. They are on view at Mse
ell not sell tikpro to 014110rell ; Ault it 4ehoves.thm,-frew '6vities;.pohl,St.Teft, to whose 4(1%1, we refo.our rod!exs,

LIVERPOOL FEBRUARY SESSIONS.

my first remark of the very low heat -which caused the
one my son held in his hand to exr! to be very can-
tious. It is my opinion that one pennyworth would blow These sessions commenced yesterday before Gilbert
out the front of a shop window. I forgot to name that Henderson, Esq., the recorder. The calendar contained
the nails in the hand which held A were quite burnt up. the names of 119 persons charged with felonies, and 6 with
.If you have space in your valuable paper for the inser- misdemeanours.. Of these, according to the same docu-
tion of the foregoing, it will confer on me a great favour, ment, 6 can read and write well ; 64 can read and write
and I think will be a preventative to many serious acci- , imperfectly ; 19 can read imperfectly ; and 3G can neither
dents, I am, Sir, yours respectfully, , read nor The following gentlemen were sworn in _
THOMAS RICHARDSON, Cutler. :to form
30, Church-street, January 31st, 1847.

THE GRAND JURY. •
Robert Crosby, broker, North John-street, Foreman.
Richard Ashby Wainwright, merchant, Water-street.
James Buchanan, broker, Old Hall-street.
Daniel Campbell. merchant, Fark-street.
. Charles Cotesworth, broker, Brunswick-street.
In the House of Lords, on Friday, Earl FITZWILLIAM Robert Dirom, merchant, Rumford-place.
observed that, a great impression seemed to have been Kenneth Dowie, ditto, South John-street.
made the other evening by some remarks which fell from John Fox, ditto, Water-street.
Isaac Fletcher, ditto, Goree Piazzas.
-
his noble and learned friend opposite (Lord Brougham)
.1 am es Graham, Otto, Cook-street.
with regard to the great number of Irish paupers who had AlvAtliew Jee, broker, Chorley-street.
arrived in the town of Liverpool, and received relief at the
.Sansuel Job, merchant, Fownall-street._
workhouses there during the previous fortnight. Bat the t Edward Jones, ditto, Shaw-street.
Irish poor who came over to this country in search of em- Charles Mozley, hanker, Lord-street.. •
ployment would not all remain in Liverpool ; they would f Ileery Moor, merchant, Rumford-street:
go to Manchester, to the east and west ridings of York-
John Ridgeway, ditto, Fenwtck-street.
shire, to Lincolnshire, and Norfolk, Thomas Ripley, ditto, Lower Castle-street.-
and to the adjoining PetareSeejeantson, broker, Old Hall-street.
counties ; and it was therefore, he thought, that the ques- ' Thomas hooch, merchant, ditto.
Lion of Irish distress was not a local one—(hear, hear)-- The Learned RECORDER then addressed them nearly ne,
but a question seriously affecting the whole empire. (Hear, ' follows :—Gentlemen of the Grand Jury, I- am sorry to
hear.) And he did not know a better way of exemplify- ; inform you that judging from the appearance of the
ing this to their lordships than by having official returns Calendar, your labours on this occasion will not be so
on the subject laid on tjie table of the house. (Hear.) light as at the last Sessions, though the time that has in-
He therefore begged leave to move for a return of the ; tervened has been but short. Within the forty-seven days
number of persons who had been relieved in Liverpool on days that have elapsed, no fewer than 124 .persons have
each day since the Ist of January last, distinguishing the been committed for trial. Indeed, when we review the
English, Scotch, and Irish ; a similar return of the num- proceedings during the past few years we shall find the re-
her of persons relieved at Bristol, and at the ports on the trospect anything but satisfactory. I find that of the
Clyde. The noble earl also moved for returns for the'cor- number of persons sent for trial during the three last
responding period in 1846. years :—in 1544, 535 were committed ; in 1845, the
Lord BROUGHAM said that since he last had the honour number was 573 ; and in 1846, 801 ; showing an in-
of addressing their lordships nn the subject of the distress crease of 230, which is equivalent to 38 percent. It may
in Ireland he had received -a letter from a gentlemanewho be, and I think it is the fact, that the strict and.searching
had given him permission to mention his name (Mr. enquiry which has been instituted by the magistrates anal
Howard Horseley, of Liverpool), and he believed that by this Court into the different cases, as they were bought
whereever that gentleman was known he would be consi- before them, has had a salutary effect, by removing many
dered a competent authority. -Mr. Horseley was what is offenders from the scene of their evil practices ; and it
called a wholesale warehouseman, that was to say, he I might be expected that this course; if fully carried out,
rented large premises which he let out to others, and he should have a greater effect in reducing the number of
stated that he was paying at the present moment at the crimes committed in this town.. Such however is not the
rate of £9OO per annum to the poor-rate alone, and if the . care, for erikt•ie is increasing. To account for this would
number of paupers continued to increase there would be require deep and long investigation ; but I may be al-
no knowing what the result to housekeepers in Liverpool lowed, without entering into the subject at great length, to
would be. For eight days previous to the 26th instant make a few remarks upon a matterofsuchimportancetothis
the number relieved in Liverpool was 173,513 ; that was, large community. The earliest indicatien of the increase of
pot persons, but the number of acts of relief. The amount indictable offences became apparent in AugustlB-15, a year
of out-door relief for the week ending on the 23rd instant, nfpro-perity and success,when thepeople were earning well;
as corresponding with the same week in last year, .was but when the vice of intoxication became more prevalent
£4OB more, and of that sum 4=B had been expended in than it had usually been. Habits of excess have contri-
relieving the necessities of the Irish poor. Mr. Horseley buted much to swell the number of offences, and I there-
had written-to him with the view that the government' fore think the magistrates have done well in restricting
should be made acquainted, as soon as possible, how the the granting of spirit licenses to public-houses in the
rate-payers of Liverpool were suffering, in order that some borough, thereby lessening the facilities for the coin-
means might be adopted to affbrd relief. I mission of the vice of intoxication. But, nevertheless, it
is to the increased intelligence, and improved morals, of
the people that they must mainly look for any great or
• permanent amendment of their habits. In the latter part
of 18-16, there occurred it stagnation in trade, and business
• generally, which had the effect of greatly reducing the
amount of labour required to be done, and this especially
affected those who had been employed in the neigh,
bourhood of the docks. This want of employment
was unfortunately productive of increased crime. Ano-
ther feature in the circumstance is, that during the
last six months of that year, a large proportion Of the
offenders were strangers, or nearly so. I find that out of
120 persons tried at the sessions within that period, 20
were new corners, and more than 20 were Irish. It is im-
possible to attribute the offences committed by :these
strangers to any particular class, as they were so various,
but I shall mention a few that occurred at the last ses-
' sions, in order to illustrate the nature of the crimes A
man was brought up charged with felony ' • 'he was respect- •
alde in appearance, and had brought with him a good cha-
racter. It appeared lie had come from Ireland, with his
wife, to seek employment here, and that when his money
became exhausted, he was detected in a robbery of plate
from a house in Brougham Terrace, He said in his
defence that he was driven to the act by want. Another
was a case of a young girl, just landed from Ireland. She was
sent to gaol by the magistrates for some petty offence, and
was out but a few days when she was detected stealing a
pair of boots from a shop which she had enteredmi pre-
tence of wishing to bey a pair of shoes. The only other
case he should mention, was that of a gang of four per-
sons who had entered a house in Parker-street, in the
night, with intent to rob a watchmaker's shop. They
were, however, observed by a servant, who gave the
alarm, and they were all captured by the police. They
were tried, and all sentenced to be transported. I wish
to remark, that only one of the gang belonged to the town ;
the other three were all strangers. Perhaps at the pre-
sent time, when thousands of destitute persons • sought
refuge in this town, drivers from Ireland by famine, it is
gratifying to find that few of this class appear before me
charged with this offence. The fact proves that the re-
lief which has been so largely and judiciously given,
has been attended with the most beneficial effects, not
only relieving immediate wants, but tending to' the
prevention of crime. I cannot but remark, while noticing
offences, that the proportion of female offenders in this
town (as shown by the present calendar), far exceeds that
of any other. The general average—over the country—
is about one-third, so that amongst the number of
prisoners to be tried at these sessions, we might expect
about 23 females ; but in place 'of that there are 40, or
about one-third of the whole. Here again the new comers
bear the largest proportion, and these especially from
Ireland. 'Without making further speculations on the
subject, which you may consider; it is incontettible
that the tide of crime has been rising for some time, and
is still rising in this town, though there is no town in
which the magistrates have been more zealous and active
in the suppression of crime.
The learned gentleman then dismissed the jury to their
duties, in the assurance that they would go through their
business with ease, and in a manner that would give satis-
faction to the public. Some true bills having been fnuad,
the trials proceeded.

On Sunday last, the 31st of January, in obedience to
the Queen's letter, two sermons were preached in Trinity
Church, Southport, by the Rev. Jonathan Jackson; the
• incumbent, and collections made, amounting to £35, to-
wards the relief of the distress in Ireland and some of the
districts in Scotland.
On Sunday morning last, sermons were preached in
the various Wesleyan chapels in this town; in aid of the
suffering Scotch and Irish, At BrUnswick Chapel the
sum of £l2O was collected ; at Mount-pleasant Chapel, ..
£75 ; at Stanhope-street Chapel, .kltio ; at Great Homer-
street Chapel, £34; and at Pitt-street Chapel, £l2 II s.
TESTIMONIAL TO THE CAPTAIN OF THE FIRERING :
—We the undersigned, passengers on hoard the steamer,
Fire King, from Glasgow to' Liverpool, think it right to
• convey to Captain M'Kellar, our best thanks, for his great
exertions in preventing any unfortunate occurrence arising
from the precarious and dangerous position the vessel and
passengers were placed in, by the accidental breaking of
the paddle-shaft, when off the north end of the hie of
Man ; and we feel that it was owing to his calm judge-
ment, and great exertion's, under Providence, that we
have been enabled to end our voyage in safety.—Dated
on board the Fire King, 31st January, 1847..
Crawford Mann, Belfast; Capt. George McKinzie,
Pieton ; Algernon Livesy, Fleet-street, -London ;
Francis COok, Buttle, Glasgow; Sicg. Didebert,
14, Springfield Court Glasgow; John Robertson,
London; A. Wilkie, London; John Hiu•clenstle,
Huddersfield ; Joseph Schlesinger, Frankfort ; and
Twenty-seven other passengers.
SAN'DOWN PARK BUILDING LAND SOCIETY..—The first
annual meeting of this society took place at the George
Hotel, Dale-street, on `Tuesday last k Henry Chapman,
'Esq., occupied the chair. The proprietors presentiwere
William Jones, Esq., Messrs. Titherington, Chapman; Fell, llargreaves, Eccles, Sherlock, Cropper, J. R. Isaac,
f Cooper, Smith, 'Mollie,' Fulton, and Myrtle. The report
y drawn up by the secretary, and balance sheet by the tree-
s surer, were read, and being highly satisfactory were, una-
,s niniously passed. The statements in these evidence the
ry prosperity of the society, and that operations were. now
)( in progress which will render the property. equal, if not
superior, to any other in the vicinity of Liverpool for its
y plans, arrangements, preservation of rights, and healthy
position. The committee of management have spared no
a exertion and will still continue their active superintendence
d to carry out the objects of the society to a. successful
n issue. Thanks wereunanimously voted to the treasurer,
Mr. Titherington, to the secretary, Mr. John K. Isaac,
and to Mr. John Cooper, the superintendent. At the
7,0 conclusion of the meeting, a select number of the preprie-
tont adjourned to an elegant repast prepared
_by Mr.
• Castle ; W. T. Motile, Esq., presided, and W. Myrtle,
ix Esq., Stilled the vice-chair. After dinner,: a subscription
is was entered into for the destitute poor, the amount
,d 'having been forwarded to the charitable society.
at Tat QUEEN'S LETTER.--On Sunday morning last, at
St. Mary's Church, Kirkdale, after a sermon by the Res.
,h ID. James, Incumbent, and in 'obedience to the Queen's
a Letter, the sum of £45 155.. was collected f, rth -irelief
tb of the distressed Scotch and Irish. The rev. gentleman •
'ti made another appeal to his congregation in the evening.
th in aid of the Liverpool District Provident Society, and of
the perhing .poor in -Ireland and Scotland,..conjointly •
511 ' soliciting £2O for the Prorident Soiiety, and stating that
er the amount-ex:needing that sum would be added to the
morning (s)llecthni. -This appeal produced £3O 3s.„mak-
ing a total for the .day of £75 18s 061., that is to say—for
the Relief Fund) £55 18s.,and. for the District Provident
ar Soeiety In the course of:his morning sermon Mr.
Eel James announceir.what 'Steps buds been taken for investi-
te gating the state 'Of 'the isaor in his own district, and the
I sum which he hid ''wWc44o.,dUring the last three Weeks,
it in supplying the most necessitous among these with food
ch Ondelothing, He:also brought nnder the notice of his
t congregation the recommendation of. the Rev. Mr. Conw-
ay bell, Rector. of. Liverpool; at the, last Vestry meeting.—
." That no relief. should 'given by..the inhabitants to
beggars at. the doors or in the.street37—urging as a res-
fal son, that several 'instances lia:t*urred in Kirkdale, of
the bread; pleakaufl eo.up,givp to parties at the. door,
having been thrown away into .the drains of the streets.
sp 'and into thelariclields. ,The persona who had given the
to foisd had witnesSed the fact. S.. At the- close of the evening
f i sermen, 31r. James. recommended, the ladies who. had the
p management of household affairseto devise every possible
method for diroinishing,the, constiointiOn of-flour m the
y preparation of meals, Two important would be at..
Ki
by.the- deneral.adiaption of this_prineiplo : Firstly,
price of soc,,bres.defry;al wOubli?
it would tend to LeerilloWnthe
,ey within-reach of the la hourg :clas,s9s•
viz servo to extend the actir _senj4y, howoyer
.deficient in
e 0; .amotini,:over niany inore of :06 interval hetWOM
BC ihiS •Dli'the nest, sanest. ;Ttc?Orlitri"ticm' Which yi,e give
fur . ••., .
,anesher c.,-elouns,,l9w-rigP.,leitauu_Ale.-.oPP•toliathou of
the in the nisilai ,find boots
r p6io94W.g. •
' • - " 440P4id
r /.4e*4l Cifs.94l.kq*+4,-/"#.o4d Mr. June-
)-4.e Das 7.e.1 rnfl.l