The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-06-09 00:00:00

THE SPIRIT OF ROMANISM

We extract from the preface of " The Church and the
Churches," by the Rev. Hugh M`Neile, the following
truthful delineation of the spirit and objects of Roman-
ism, and the dangers to be apprehended from the machin-
ations of its votaries :

" Our Romanist opponents are not merely that portion
of our own population who are members of the Church of
Rome—if this were so, the danger would be compara-
tively small—bat the whole organised system of that
church, throughout the whole world, is against us. Uni-
versal supremacy is the claim of that system—a claim not
admittin of abandonment, or even of modification. It is
declared to be divine in its origin, and absolute in itself.
To say that the subjects of the Papal Court aim at the es-
tablishm, nt of such a supremacy, is only to say that they
are sincere and consistent. To say that they make use of
all practicable means for the attainment of their object, is
only to say that they are active and diligent. To say that
they vary the means made use of, as the circumstances
vary under which they are called to act, is only to say
that they are sagacious and skillful, And to say that they
act often as if they thought the end justifies the means—
denying or asserting, and that on oath, as seems most ex-
pedient at the time—is only t) say that they treat some of
their own principles practically. To allege, therefore,
that they aim at the destruction of the British constituti-
on in Church and State, and the subjugation of England
to the Papal crown; is not to accuse them of any derelic-
tion of duty. On the contrary, holding the principles
which they hold, it woule be a great dereliction of duty
on their part not to attempt such a consummation • which,
in prostrating England, would prostrate the whole world
at the feet of St. Peter's chair. All our colonies, east
and west, would, as a matter of course, fall into the wake
of the mother country. The Protestant communities on
the continent of Europe would prove a still easier con-
quest; and no steady or combined resistance could be ex-
pected from the insulted and unorganised congregation of
the Protestants in America. There would not remain on
the face of the globe a single citadel unstormed ; not a
voice of even remonstrance against the imprisonment,
torture, or martyrdom of the last of the heretics. Illus-
trations of this abound. Madeira. Sardinia, Ancona,
Ireland, supply living proofs that Romanism now, as in
the days of Hildebrand, claims the world as her own ; and
would make, if practicable, an unrelenting clearance of
all obstinate non-conformists from the face of the earth.
They are bound to make the attempt ; they are bound to
persevere in the attempt ; however circumstances may,
from time to time, lead them to restrain or modify their
successive demands in this country. Whether it be the
elective franchise in 1793; the establishment of May-
nooth College in 1795 ; admission to the Imperial Parlia-
ment and other offices of trust and power, in 1822; to
the Municipal Corporations in 1834; whether it be the
State endowments of Maynooth in 1845 ; the repeal of
the Irish Union in 1847; or the formal national e.tablist-
of the Roman Church in Ireland in 1850; all have been,
and would be, only instalments ; instalments, at no one
stage supplying a level on which contentment and peace
might be expected ; but in every instance serving as the
steps of a ladder for gradual ascent, increasing the possi-
bility, and therefore animating the prospect, and stimu-
lating the ambition to reach the top. Were England's
Church true to herself, Rome's ambition could never be
gratified. Present appearances, however, are mournfully
against us. Warning after warning has been disregarded.
Even the declension of above half a hundred of our
clergy, and I know not how many laity, through the " fa-
cilis descensus " of Tractarianism, down to the " lower
deep" of prostrate and unquestioning superstition. does
not appear to have produced the smallest practical alarm
in our rulers. There is nothing new under the sun. In
vain Cassandra raised her voice. In vain Laocoon hurled
his spear. In vain the clang of hostile armour sounded
from the bowels of treachery. Troy's temper was infatu-
ation, and the natural consequence was Troy's ruin."

To MAKE WATER COLD FOR SUMMER.—The follow-
ing is a simple mode of rendering water almost as cold as
ice :—Let the jar, pitcher, or vessel used for water be sur-
rounded with one or more folds of coarse cotton, to be
constantly ‘set. The evapration of the water will carry
off the heat from the inside, and reduce it to a freezing
point. In India and other tropical regions, where ice
cannot be procured, this is common. Let every mecha-
nic or labourer have at his place of employment two pit-
chers thus provided, and with lids or covers; the one to
contain water for drinking, the other for evaporation, and
he can always have a supply of cold water in warm wea-
ther. Any person can test this by dipping a finger in wa-
ter, and holding it in the air on a warm day ; after doing
this three or four tin:es, he will find his finger uncomfort-
ably cold.

WANT OF MORAL COURAGE IN DISTRESS.—III read-
ing of the incidents of the time, nothing strikes me ofrener,
or more painfully, than the want of courage which is ma-
nifested by men, and which passes unrebuked and nudes-
pised (as cowardice), in an age when a certain degree of
manliness is supposed indispensable, and is, in common
speech, taken for granted. In almost every newspaper,
we see advertisements itr ploring the return of some father,
husband, son, who has absconded, in difficulty, or in the
apprehension of it, leaving those he is bound to protect to
struggle on in despair. "If A. B. would not break his
wretched mother's heart"—" If C. D. would communi-
cate with his unhappy family"—and so on : and usually
we find an intimation at the end, that all will be hushed
up—that affairs can be arranged, and so on. Supposing
one insane here and there, still, how many dastards there
must be, running away from the consequences of their
own conduct, and leavingF the innocent and helpless to
suffer for them I.—PET/31e s Journal.

AMOUNT OF A WORKING MAN'S INTEREST IN A.
CHEAP LOAF.—II is of vast importance to the labouring
population that the price of corn should be steady, be it
high or be it low. The labourer where prices are low, has
not the prudence or foresight to economise his earnings,
and when the pendulum swings the other way he is too
often plunged into a state of distress. If, however, the
labourer's wages are to be reduced, he ought, I think, to
have fairly stated the balance of advantage and disadvan-
tage to which he is about to be exposed under this system.
Take the case of a man with a wife and family of three
children in the manufacturing districts. I will make a
large allowance, and suppose that they consume five
quarters of wheat in the course of a year. I will assume
that there is a permanent fall in the price of wheat. A di-
minution of Is. per week from the wages of any member
of that family (and you can hardly suppose that any dimi-
nution would be less than that) more than counterbalances
all the advantages he and his family could derive from a
reduction of 50s. in the price of the five quarters of corn
they consume.—Lord Stanley's Speech.
SAGACITY OF THE IRISH WOLF HOUND.—A gentle-
man of an ancient family, whose name it is unnecessary
to mention, from his having been engaged in the troubles
which agitated Ireland about forty years since, went into
a coffee room at Dublin during that period, accompanied
by a noble wolf dog, supposed to be one of the last of the
breed. There was only one other gentleman in the coffee-
room, who, on seeing the dog, went up to him, and began
to notice him. His owner, in considerable alarm, begged
him to desist, as the dog was fierce, and would never al-
low a stranger to touch him. The gentleman resumed his
seat, when the dog came to him, allowed the greatest plea-
sure at being noticed, and allowed himself to be fondled.
His owner could not disguise his astonishment. " You
are the only person," he said, " whom that dog would
ever allow to touch him without showing resentment.
May I beg the favour of you to tell me your name ?"
mentioning his own at the same time. The stranger an-
nounced it (he was the last of his race, one of the most
ancient and noble in Ireland, and descended from one of
its kings). "I do not wonder," said the owner of the
3 , dog, "at the homage this animal has paid you. He re-

cognises in you the descendant of one of our most ancient
race of gentlemen to whom this breed of dogs almost ex-
clusively belonged ; and the peculiar instinct he possesses
has now been shown in a manner which cannot be mista-
ken by me, who am so well acquainted with the ferocity
this dog has hitherto shown to all strangers.—Jesse's
Anecdotes of Dogs.

INCOME OF A LANCASHIRE GENTLEMAN IN THE 17TH
CENTURY.—Thomas Norris, born in 1653, was returned
to parliament, for Liverpool, in 1688, and represented the
town until 1605, when marrying 'Magdalen, second daugh-
ter of Sir Willoughby Aston, Norris retired from public
life. In the statement of his property at the time of the
marriage, we have a curious insight into the small pecu-
niary means of a Lancashire gentleman of the first conse-
quence, in the seventeenth century. It may be premised
that the Spoke estate was set down as worth £l;200 per
annum, in the Royal Oak List, in 1660; and that about
1793, at the time of the :ale, the rental was £2,8:)0 per
writes Mr. Norris, " I stand

"The estate

ibis estate, three hundred and fifty aert

estimated to be worth £3OO per annum ; the mother's an-
nuity was £220 per annum ; the brothers had £lOO
amongst them; and a debt of £2,000 would not take less
than £lOO per annum ; leaving £2BO per annum for Mr.
Norris, or rather, as the sums to the brothers, and the

interest of the debt required coin, the squire does not ap-
pear to have had more than £loo per annum, of actual
money ; the remainder coming under the head of " con-
veniences for housekeeping," as boons, gifts, rent, hens,&c.
Upon these means Mr. Norris kept a liberal house, his
mother living with him. He had six coach horses, worth
£7 a piece; and receiving with Miss Aston £2,500, he
settled on her £2OO per annum, and at his death, left his
sisters £5O each, and made legacies to his servants.-211r.
Thomas llPywood's Introduction to the Norris Papers.
A GOOD EXAMPLE FOR THE EMPLOYED.—In Paris
the master-manufacturers, &c.. having established what
they call a Jury of Reward to their Workmen, the work-
men have also formed themselves into a Jury of Encour-
agement to Employers. As the masters propose to giye
rewards for diligence and good behaviour, so the men pro-
pose to reward those. masters who distinguish themselves
by kindness, fairness, and words to their workmen, by a
public testimony of their approbation. " If," say they,
" it ba true that good masters make good men, then their
position is unshakeable. At first view the whole appears
a clever quiz—a
.jeu-d'esprit, worthy of Punch. The
workmen, however, appear serious enough, and there is
something startling in this idea of the matter. It marks
a new and elevated conception of the relative position of
employers and employed. It reminds the former and the
world that all alike are men, and entitled to adopt towards
each othtr the same measures for marking and rewarding
moral qualities. The rules are published in the French
newspapers. The reward on the part of the men is to
consist merely of an annual publication of the names of
those masters whom at least half of their workmen shall
join in testifying to be of good private life, who have anxi-
ously watched over the health of their workmen, and have
not feared to be at some expense to make their shops
healthy ; those whose workshops are regulated by a dis-
cipline emanating from the workmen themselves; those
who have never gone to law with their workmen ; those
who have not wished to drop wages, spite of the example,
solicitations, or menaces, of their confederate fellow-
masters; and, lastly, those who, without infringing on the
proper wages of their workmen, have admitted them to a
share, however small, of the profits of the business.—
lit*pler Journtsi.

THE FALL OF ROME.-INSTRUCTION FOR

ENGLAND.

(From Blackwood's Magazine.)

THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN ITS DECLINE, AND GREAT
BRITAIN IN THE PRESENT DAY.—This constant ten-
dency of wealth, in the later periods of the Roman em-
pire, to accumulate in the hands of the great capitalists,
accompanied by the progressive deterioration of the con-
dition of the middle and working classes, is amply proved
and forcibly illustrated by Sismondi, in his admirable
work on the Decline of the Roman Empire. " During
the long peace," says he, " which followed the victories
of Trajan and Marcus Aurelius, those colossal fortunes
were accumulated, which, according to Pliny, ruined Italy
and the empire. A single proprietor, by degrees, came to
buy up whole provinces, the conquest cf which had in
former days furnished the occasion of many triumphs to
the generals of the Republic. While this huge capitalist
was amassing riches, wholly disproportioned to the capa-
city of man, the once numerous and respectable, but now
beggarzd, middle class, disappeared from the face of the
earth. In districts where so many brave and industrious
citizens were to be seen in former times, alike ready to
defend or cultivate their fields, were to be found nothing
but slaves, who rapidly declined in number as the fields
came to be exclusively devoted to pasturage. The fertile
plains of Italy ceased to nourish its inhabitants ; Rome
depended entirely for its subsistence on the harvests
which its fleets brought it from Sicily, Africa, and Egypt.
From the capital to the farthest extremity of the provinces,
depopulation and mi,ery in the country coexisted will:
enormous wealth in the towns. From this cause the im-
possibility of recruiting the legions with native Romans
was experienced even in the time of Marcus Aurelius.
In his war agaicst the Quadi and the Marcomanni, which
had been preceded by a long I eace, he was obliged to re-
cruit the legions with the slaves and robbers of Rome."
It is impossible to give a stronger proof of the extent to
which this enormous evil of the vast fortunes accumulated
in the towns, and the entire ruin of industry in the coun-
try, had gone on in the last days of the empire, than is to
be found in the fact already mentioned, that when Rome
was taken by Marie, in the year 404 after Christ, while
Italy could furnish no force to resist the invaders, the ca-
pital itself contained seventeen hundred and sixty great
families, many of them with incomes of £160,000 a-year,
equal to £300,000 of our money, whose expenditure main-
tained an urban population of 1,200,000 souls.

CONDITION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE ON THE EVE OF
ITS FALL.—Such, on a nearer survey, was the condition
of the Roman empire which preceded its fall. From it
may be seen how widely the real causes of its decline dif-
fered from the vague generalities of Montesquieu, that the
ruin of the empire was the necessary consequence of its
extension ; or the still vaguer declamations of the scho-
lars; that it was the corruption incident to great and long-
continued wealth which enervated the people, and ren-
dered them incapable of defending themselves against the
northern nations. In truth, both these causes did ope-
rate, and that too in a most powerful manner, in bringing
about the ruin of the empire ; but they did so, not in the
way supposed by these authors, but in an indirect way,
by inducing a new set of evils, which destroyed industry
in the most important of its provinces, by depriving the
industrious of a market for their industry, and rendering
the public burdens overwhelming, by changing the value
of money. The operation of these causes can now be dis-
tinctly traced by us, because we feel them working among
ourselves : their existence has not hitherto been suspected,
or their effects traced by philosophers, because no state in
modern Europe but our own, in recent times, had come
within the sphere of its influence. And to see what these
causes really were, it is only necessary to recal, in a few
propositions, to the reader's mind, the general result of
the foregoing deduction :-1. During the Republic, and
till the commencement of the empire, agriculture was in
the most flourishing state in Italy ; and it was in its stut dy,
free cultivators, that the legions were recruited which con-
quered the world. 11. From the time of Tiberita, culti-
vation declined in the Italian and Grecian plains, and
continued to do so to the fall of the empire. Pasturage
came to supersede agriculture ; population disappeared in
the fields ; the race of free cultivators, the strength of the
legions, were ruined ; the flocks and herds were tended
only by slaves ; the small proprietors became bankrupt, or
fled the country ; and the whole land in the European
provinces of the empire fell into the hands of a limited
number of territorial magnates, who resided at Rome or
Constantinople, and mainly upheld, by their profuse ex-
penditure, the prosperity of those capitals of the empire.
111. In the midst of the general decline of rural industry
in all the provinces to the north of the Mediterranean, the
wealth and prosperity of the great cities remained unde-
cayed. The small provincial towns were in great part
ruined ; but the great cities, especially such as were on
the sea-coast, continued flourishing, and received in their
ample bounds all the refluent population from the coun-
try. Rural industry languished and expired, but com-
merce was undecayed ; the fortunes of the great capitalists
were daily accumulating; and in no period in the history
of mankind, were urban incomes so great as in the city of
Rome, on the eve of its capture by the Goths. IV.
While this was the state of matters to the north of the
Mediterranean, that is, in the heart of the empire, the re-
moter agricultural provinces of Spain, Sicily, Lybia, and
Egypt, were in the very highest state of prosperity ; they
fed all the great cities of the Roman world by their im-
mense exportations of grain, and yet enough remained,
down to their conquest by the Vandals under Genseric, to
maintain a vast population at home, greater than has ever
since existed in those countries, in a state of affluence and
comfort. V. Taxation, from the tine of its first intro-
duction under Augustus, was at first chiefly indirect, and
by no means oppressive. Gradually, however, the pin=
duce of the indirect taxes failed, or became inadequate to
the wants of the empire. and recourse was had to direct
taxes, levied chiefly on landed property and successions.
But these direct taxes were at first light, and not a third
part of those levied in Britain or France during the war ;
and the public establishments of the Roman government
were not a fourth, in proportion to the population, of
those now maintained by the great European monarchies
during peace. VI. In process of time, however, the re-
sources of the people, in the principal provinces of the
empire, and especially those to the north of the Mediter-
ranean, declined to such a degree, that though the mili-
tary and naval establishments of the empire were reduced
to a third of their former amount, and became inadequate
to defend its frontiers against its enemies, the direct taxes
required to be continually increased, till they became so
oppressive as to destroy industry, and prove the imme-
diate cause of the depopulation and ruin of the empire.
Such are the facts, as established by the unanimous and
concurring testimony of ali the best-informed historians ;
and now for the causes which produced these facts. They
are set forth and supported by an equally clear and indis-
putable array of authorities.

CONTttACTION OF THE CURRENCY ASSISTED THE
FALL OF ROME.—The immense importation also of Afri-
can and Egyptian grain, which continued from the time of
Tiberius to the very close of the empire, must have occa-
sioned a great additional abstraction of the precious me-
tals from the Roman world. It has already been shown
that a very small proportion of the grain imported from
these distant provinces was remitted in the shape of tri-
bute. By far the greater part, probably nineteen-twen-
tieths of the whole supply, was imported by private mer-
chants for sale, as it could be got from them cheaper than
it could be raised at home. This imported corn, of course,
required to be paid for in something. But the inhabitants
of the countries from which it came—Spain, Sicily, Africa,
and Egypt—for the most part slaves, blessed with a fine
climate, requiring little covering, and nearly destitute of
artificial wants, did not require, and could not consume,
any considerable amount of Italian or Grecian fabrics
Thus, by

far the greatest part of the price of the imported
grain was paid in gold and silver, for which there is a con-
stant demand in all countries, savage or civilised. A na-
tion which imports foreign grain largely, tnust in all ages
export the precious metals as largely ; because the corn,
of course, is brought from those countries where it is
raised the cheapest—and the countries where this is the
case, are those where labour is cheap, money scarce, and
artificial wants unknown. Money is what these countries
want, and money is what their surplus produce is nearly
all exchanged for. And this explains how it happened,
that in the decline of the empire, Spain, Africa, and Egypt,
alone retained their flourishing aspect, and were the only
provinces from which money and soldiers could he ob-
tained, while they required none. The whole commerce
bqwet n them and Italy, or Greece, was one in which
grain was exchanged for the precious metals ; and when
they once got these, great part was hoarded, as it now is
in the East, And very little ever returned.

vices which occasioned the fall of the Roman
empire, were the destruction of its domestic agriculture,
by the importation of grain front its distant provinces,
and the accumulation of debts and taxes, arising from
the contraction of the currency. If these causes be at-
tentively considered, it will be found that they not only
afford a perfect solution of its fall, hut explain how it hap=
pened at the period it did, and bad not occurred at an ear,
tier period. They show what it was which, slowly but
steadily, wasting away the vitals of the empire, succes-
sively destroyed its rural population and agricultural in-
dustry, and at length crushed its property under the in-
creasing load of debts and taxes. They explain how it
happened that the indirect taxes, which at first were suf.
ficient, with a moderate imposition of five per cent. on
inheritances, to support the large military and naval esta-
bli,hments of Augustus, became gradually unproductive,
and were et length succeeded by direct taxes on land, of
severe, a-id in the end destructive amount. They show
what every page of contemporary history demonstrates,
that it was neither the superior military power of the bar-
barians, nor the diminished skill and courage of the le-
gions, which occasioned the overthrow of the mighty fa-
bric, but the wasting away of its internal resources—
which was the real cause of its decay. They tell us that
it was not the timidity of the legions, but the inability of
government to array them in sufficient strength, which
rendered them unequal to the contest with an enemy
whom, during the vigor of the state, they had so often re-
odled. They explain how it happened that Italy and
Greece had become deserts in their rural districts, before
one of the barbarians had crossed either the Alps or the
firearms, and how Africa, Spain, and Egypt, alone of the
provinces, retained their prosperity, when rural industry
was wellnigh extinct in all the other parts of the empire.
Lastly, they explain bow it happened, that while the ru-
ral districts of the north of the Mediterranean were so ge-
nerally relapsing into a state of desolation, the great ci-
ties of Greece and Italy long retained their prosperity,
and the wealth of the capitalists and great proprietors who
inhabited them, was continually increasing, while all other
classes were ground to the earth under the weight of pub-
lic or private burdens.

circum

SALE OF WOMEN.—" Yesterday, (August 7, 1752)
about 90 women of different kinds and ages, who bad sold
themselves for four years to a captain bound to Philadel-
phia, were carried from the Bolt and Tun in Fleet-street,
and put on board a lighter in Blackfriars, in order to be
shipped for that colony.—Old Newspaper.

TYNDALE'S ENGLISH VERSION OF THE NEW TRSTA-
MENT.—At the commencement of the sixteenth Century
there lived in the Manor-house of Little Sodbury, iii
Gloucestershire, a worthy knight of the name of Sir John
Walsh. His dwelling belonged to that class, of which a
few relics may still be seen in the quiet country nooks of
Old England, displaying, in pictureSque beauty, their fan-
tastic gables and twisted chimneys embbsomed among
shrubs and trees. There was abiding in this mansion a
humble priest, who filled the office of tutor in the family.
He was a person of quiet and retired habits, devoted to
study, and exemplary in his moral and religious character.
But no one could look on him without perceiving at once
that he was a man of no common stamp, for his expansive
forehead indicated a comprehensive mind, his eyes beto-
kened quick and penetrating thoughts, his whole counte-
nance was expressive of extraordinary firmness, while
round his lips there lurked something of quiet humour.
He often mingled with the guests who gathered round the
social board in the dining-ball of Sodbury, including the
neighbouring ecclesiastics, and even some wealthy abbots;
for Sir John was a hospitable man, and fond of company,
a courtier, and a favourite with his prince. It happened
sometimes, that the conversation of these parties turned
upon theological topics, when our tutor was wont to ex-
press his opinion with some freedom. " As he waslearned
and well practised in God's matters," says John Foxe,
" so he spared not to show unto them simply and plainly
his judgment; and when they at any time did vary from
his opinions, he would show them in the book, and lay
before them the manifest places of Scripture, to confute
their errors, and to confirm his sayings." When he ac-
companied Sir John and his lady to the tables of these
dignitaries, he scrupled not to talk with the same bold-
ness, till deep suspicion of his heterodoxy began to be felt
by his ecclesiastical brethren. Even the knight himself,
and his fair spouse, entertained some fears on the subject,
and thought it right to expostulate with the tutor respect-
ing his sentiments. But he was not the man to yield any
point which his judgment approved, and he firmly main-
tained his opinion. " Well," said Lady Walsh, " there
was such a doctor there as may dispend a hundred pounds,
and another two hundred, and another three hundred
pounds ; and what were it reason, think you, that we
should believe you before them ?" Her ladyship's logic
was of a kind to which our tutor knew not how to reply,
and he therefore politely held his tongue. But there were
deep thoughts at work under that capacious brow, and
mighty purposes springing up within that dauntless breast.
On another occasion, a priest observed to him, " We are
better without God's laws than the pope's." " I defy the
Pope and all his laws," he replied ; and added, " If God
spare my life, ere many years I will cause the boy who
driveth the plough to know more of the Scriptures than
you do." The man who thus valorously threw down the
gauntlet at his holiness was William Tyndale, and such
was the commencement of a work which has given immor-
tality to his name. A deep interest lingers around the
remains of that old house in Gloucestershire, and we fully
enter into the spirit of our author's remark after visiting
the place :—" The balls of our colleges, wherever they
stand, have never given birth to a design, so vitally im-
portant in its origin, so fraught with untold benefit to mil-
lions, and now so extensive in its range, as that which ri-
pened into a fixed and invincible purpose in the dining-hall
of Little Sodbury manor-house.”—British Quarterly.

FREE TRADE INJURIOUS TO THE FARMeR AND THE
LABOURER MORE THAN TO THE LANDOWNER.—I am
satisfied that never was there so great a delusion as that
the loss caused by this measure will fall solely upon the
aristocracy. A fall of 10s. per quarter on wheat is 40s.
per acre on wheat land, and if that price is accompanied
by a corresponding reduction in the price of other arti-
cles, it will eat up all the rent of the land. But the fact
is, the loss will fall—and they know it will fall, on them,
as they showed by their meeting the other day—the loss
will fall mainly on the tenant-farmers. (Cheers.) And
the first step they take will be to suspend improvement,
to discharge their labourers, to reduce wages, and to force
their population into the manufacturing districts, there to
enter into hopeless competition with the population of
those districts. They will carry their own wretchedness
and misery into the manufacturing towns, and will press
down the wages as well of the manufacturing districts as
the agricultural. (Cheers ) I will assume the case of a
landlord who is entirely encumbered, and free from debt.
1 don't know whether there are any such cases (a laugh),
but I williassume there are. He discharges a certain por-
tion of this establishment, and turns upon the labour
market those whom his fortune had formerly enabled him
to employ. For it cannot be laid, I think, to the charge
of the landed proprietors of this country, as a class, that
they are given to accumulating and hoarding wealth. So
far from that, I think they will be found to spend it at
least as fast as they get it. (A laugh.) We are told bow
their losses are to be made up to them, if they will only
adopt the real principles of free trade. They are to dis-
charge their useless and unprofitable hands; they are to
employ no labourers beyond what are absolutely required
to make a profit to themselves. They are to have no con-
sideration for tenant farmers who have been on their es-
tates for fifty years. They are told it is more profitable
to have one large farm than several small ones; so they
must pull down the hous s of their present tenants and
turn them adrift. Their tenants have no capital, they
must let them go. There are 600,000 tenant farmers in
the country under £2OO a-year,—at least there were in
1814. Turn them adrift, bring their successors from a
distance—bring them from the Anti Corn-Law League
—(hear)—encourage them to expend their capital, and
then you will be able to recover from all the effects of the
injury you have sustained from a reduction in the price of
corn. Perhaps you might, but the law imposes the bur-
den upon you of maintaining all the poor of the manufac-
turing districts as well as their own. I have too good an
opinion of the landlords to believe they will take this ad-
vice. They will go on giving employment to the poor on
their estates, for they have to deal not with stocks and
stones, but with men having the same affections and at-
tachments as themselves, and I won't believe they will
adopt the cold, calculating, and selfish doctrines of poli-
tical economy and free trade. (Cheers.) But if you
adopt these doctrines in England—•if you venture to re-
commend them in England—will you also dare to put
them in execution into Ireland? In Ireland the bulk of
the population are small farmers—hardly what we should
call farmers in England ; the majority of the holdings are
from 1 to 15 acres. They have no capital, and very little
skill. I admit they exhaust the land ; they don't pay half
the rent a large farmer could. Carry your political eco-
nomy into effect there, and see what would be the result.
I think I have heard it advanced that the clearance sys-
tem is at the root of half the evils of Ireland. But free
trade requires it, and you must a ake more money. Turn
them out, and when the existing generation are starved
off, you may, perhaps, see your system in successful ope-
ration. My lords, he must be a bold minister who would
advise such an experiment to be made, but he must be a
bold as well as a hard man who would act upon it. And
then to tell me that this measure has been brought in for
the relief of Ireland! (Cheers.) England is an import-
ing country ; it may be for her benefit, but I doubt whe-
ther it is in the long run. But Ireland is an agricultural
country—an exporting, and not an importing country—
and if you reduce her exports by £1,500,000, or £2,000,000
you do her the greatest is jury.—Lord Stanley's Speech.

Mr. Finch, M.P., has informed his tenantry in Rut- I
landshire that he shall not in future preserve the game on
his estates, and that they have his permission to shoot on
t heir respective farms.
Such is the demand for warehouse room for grain im-
ports at Leith, that cargoes of foreign wheat and other
descriptions of foreign produce, are being bonded at
Granton, Fisherrow, and Edinburgh.—Scotsman,
EXTRAORDINARY FECUNDITY.-Mr. John Bell, of
College Hill Farm, Durham, had a sow farrowed the ex-
traordinary number of 25 on Tuesday last, 23 of which are
living and likely to thrive.
Mr. O'Connell's motion for two additional members
for county Cork, and Mr. E. B. Denison's amendment
that they be given to the West Riding, are amongst the
motions deferred until after Whitsuntide.

At a meeting of the principal Radical members of Par-
iment on Saturday it was resolved to oppose the Irish
coercion bill which stood for a second reading last (Mon-
day) night, and to support Lord John Russell in an en-
deavor to extinguish the differential duties on sugar.
As Mr. Chandler, grocer, of Devizes, was on Friday,
the 29th ultimo, in the act of drawing the cork from a
bottle of ginger beer, the glass burst, and struck him a
violent blow in the eye, which has totally deprived him of

sight.
GOOD NEWS, IF TRUE.—The trustworthy meteorolo-
gical correspondent of the Times, who signs " H. P.,"
predicts a continuance of the present splendid weather,
with occasional electric currents, with hail-storms and
thunder. June bids fair to be a very fine month.
A LUCKY SPECULATION.—Mrs. Jane Rutherford, of
Sedgefield, holder of the registered receipt No. 16,547, for
subscription to the Picioricd Times, had paid to her
£3OOO on Monday week ; the above receipt being one of
the fortunate numbers to which a prize was awarded.
On Sunday week an accident of an appalling nature oc-
curred on board her Majesty's ship Caledonia, lying in
Devonport harbour, by which three lives (those of sea-
men on board the ship) were lost by the falling of the
main top-gallant mast.
Eighty-three gentlemen entered the army during the
past month, thirty-four of whom have purchased their
commissions, varying from £1,260 to £l5O each, and
amounting in the aggregate to no less a sum than
£21,940.
Last week a couple of birds, a pair of storm cocks, stole
a female's cap, and scientifically entwined it round the in-
terior of their nest. The cap was in pieces, and put out
to dry, and was missed for several days, when at last
something like the stolen property was seen waving from
the top of a sycamore tree, and hence the discovery.
SUGAR.—From the 14th March, 1815, to the sth April
last, the quantity of sugar admitted into this country
under certificate as the produce of free labour was 91,692
cwt. ; the quantity admitted under the stipulations of
treaty was 396 cwt. ; and the aggregate of the quantities
admitted to home consumption was 92,088 cwt.
As a man named Jenkins, a❑ itinerant bookseller and
tea dealer, of Aberdare, Glamorgan, was walking on Sa-
turday from Hirwan to Rhigos, he put up his umbrella
during a thunder storm. The brass point attracted the
electric fluid, which passed through his head, and killed
him on the spot.
Several other bodies have been exhumed in Norfolk,
and the opinion gains ground, that the wretched man,
Balls, poisoned nearly twenty of his children, and grand-
children and then poisoned himself. He did not do it as
if from sudden impulse, but gradually, his murders extend-
ing over twenty years.
CRICKET.—The celebrated match in honour of Mr.
Felix, which commenced on Monday, at Lord's termina-
ted on Wednesday evening in favour of Pilch's eleven,
who won. after a hard contest, by 34 runs, they scoring
202 runs, while Mr. Felix's side scored 175. The play
was excellent. _

A young woman, at the new spa, Croft, near Darling-
ton, was struck by the electric fluid, in a thunder storm
there, on yesterday week, and was rendered quite blind
and totally insensible for some time. Violent convul-
sions ensued ; but by the prompt application of remedial
means, the girl was soon pronounced to be out of danger.
The sailor, Reid, who was found secreted in the gardens
of Buckingham Palace about three weeks ago, and was
sent back to his ship, seems determined to imitate the boy
Jones. He was again found concealed behind a tree in
the gardens on Saturday, and this time more serious cog-
nizance is taken of the procedure.
OUTRAGE AND RODDERT.—OD Wednesday, two men
went into a draper's shop in London, and whilst the
assistant was showing them some goods, one of them
threw a quantity of Cayenne pepper into his eyes, so as
to blind him, while the other snatched up a tin cash box,
containing upwards of £6O, with which they made off.
THE LORDS AND THE CORN BILL.—At the annual
meeting of the corporation of the Bedford Level, held on
Wednesday, at Ely, Earl Fitzwilliam was proposed as one
of the conservators, and rejected on the ground of his
support of the Corn Bill ; and the Duke of Bedford
barely escaped being placed in the same predicament.
Douglas Jerrold, in this week's Punch, gives the
following " triple denial" to the statement that he is off
Punch:—

He is not off Punch,
Has not been off Punch,
He will not be off Punch.
A portion of the squadron of evolution arrived at Cork
on Thursday. It was thought that they would weigh
anchor on Saturday, and proceed round the coast to Ban-
try and the Shannon, and be kept manoeuvring in the
Atlantic for a fortnight or three weeks. They will return
to Cove before the Ist of July, and it is expected that the
fleet will then lie in Cork for a fortnight.
MURDER AND SUICIDE.—On Wednesday, it was dis-
covered that a murder bad been perpetrated by a tailor of
the name of John Townrey. upon his wife. living at 13,
Widegate-street, Bishopsgate-street Without, London.
The unfortunate woman it appears was strangled. It
would seem that the husband immediately afterwards
hung himself. He had just returned from transportation.
ANOTHER DEATH FROM A BULL—Mr. MeggS,
Nurseryman, of Cheltenham, was on Saturday week,
killed by an Alderney bull, which was in a field near that
town. It appears that he struck the animal with a small
stick in order to drive it away, when the bull threw him
down, and trampled upon his chest, from the effects of
which death ensued in ten minutes after he was rescued.
EXTRAORDINARY ROSE TREE.—A correspondent of a
Manchester paper states that there is at present growing
in Sale, a tree bearing 8,000 roses of a rare kind. It was
planted in May, 1841, being then a small slip seven inches
long, without roots. It now measures 69 feet in width,
and 38 feet in height. One branch grew 12 feet 6 inches
last year, and is now covered with roses.
DEPRESSION OF THE COAL TRADE.—The best Walls-
end coals, which under the regulations of the coal trade
were supplied at tbirty shillings and sixpence per New-
castle chaldron of two tons thirteen hundred weight, are
now sold at twenty shillings and sixpence. When the coal
owners have to freight ships to carry their coals either to
London or any of the outports they almost invariably fail
in obtaining even the above-named reduced price for this
staple commodity of the North. So much for a free trade
in coals!

A singular robbery of wines has lately been brought to
light at Birstall. H. Paget, Esq., left his house at that
place to reside at Leicester. lie had then about 150 dozen
of wines and liquors in his cellar, which he did not wish to
remove, and therefore caused the door of the cellar to be
built up with double bricks. Sending over a few days ago,
it was discovered that nearly all had been stolen, the door
being built up with bricks as before. The loss will amount
to £250; but no trace of the perpetrators has yet been
found.
1 A DESPERATE THIEF

—Sergeant Corrrack, of Risca