The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-01-27 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

1845, 613,138,645 yards ; in 1844, 569,677,792
yards ; in 1843, 520,941,635 yards ; in 1842,
366,040,519 yards ; and in 1841, 366,946,452
yards—or an increase in five years of nearly three-
sevenths ! In the report of printed and dyed
calicoes there has been a slight decrease, the quan-
tities being, in 1845, 310,850,697 yards, against
313,111,455 yards in 1844. In 1843, however, the
quantity was only 257,787,304 yards; in 1842,
236,012,641 yards ; and, in 1841, 278,748,275
yards. In cotton thread there is also a slight de-
crease from 2,731,039 to 2,567,705 lbs. in 1845.
In damasks and diapers, there is an advance ; but
this seems a variable article. In muslins and cam-
brics, the advance is from 3,180,545 yards in 1844
to 4,797,968 yards in 1845. We may mention
that, upon this article, the average per cent age of
labour comprised in the exportable value is about
80 per cent.

We pass over the minor articles, which fluctuate,
according to the quantities exported in preceding
years. The whole summary, however, indicates a
large increase in the export of those commodities
in particular, upon which the labour of the people
is most largely employed.
The margin of profit in the prices of goods ex-
ported is equally favourable to the industry and the
capital of the country. In 1844, we exported of
yarn in manufactured goods 322,362,810 lbs., in
weight and in value £20,500,949; in 1845, we ex-
ported in manufactured goods 336,866,327 lbs. in
weight, and 'in value £22,063,808—a difference
canclusive as to the superior value, so far as the in-
dustry of the country is concerned, of the exports
of 1845 over those of 1843. The prices, too,
which spinners have been receiving in ie two
years are equally satisfactory, on the most impor-
tant counts of yarn. For these, however, which
will require a more lengthy analysis than we have
room for, we must refer our readers to the " glance"
itself, which ought to be in the counting-house of
every mercliant, and in the hands of every states-
man.

MEETING OF THE BRAZE LINN ASSOCIATION.

A meeting of this association was held on Saturday to
consider the steps to be taken to meet the decree of the
Brazilian government, enacting that the decree of Rio, by
which the representatives of British subjects deceased
were allowed to administer should be suspended, and the
terms of the treaty of the French, bearing date in 1836,
should be exacted, so far as British subjects are concerned.
The treaty in question provides for the extension of full
privileges in. cases of the decease of foreigners in Brazil,
only towards those whose governments have with that
country commenced treaties of mutual advantage; and,
although it has hitherto been interpreted in favour of this
country, it appears that, owing to the operation of the
bill of last session for repressing slavery, we are now to
be ejected from the advantage of its provisions. A me-
morial of the association, upon the subject, is to be pre-
pared for presentation to the government.

The subj ct of this evening's lecture at St. Andrew's
Church is, "The moral influence of Companionship."
Mr. Watson, M.P., has given notice of a bill "for the
further repeal of enactments imposing pains and penal-
ties on Roman Catholics."
On Friday, at Mullingar, before the special commis-
sioner, Bryan Seary was found guilty of discharging a
loaded gun at Sir Francis Hopkins, in November last.
BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. - Mr.
Cardwell was to move last night, that the house do meet

every Wednesday, at twelve o'clock, for private business,
and sit until six, unless business be sooner disposed of.
That, when disposed of. or at six precisely, notwith-
standing there may be business under discussion, Mr.
Speaker do leave the chair, without putting any question.

_
That, whenever the house shall be in a committee at six,
the Chairman immediately report progress, and ask leave
to sit again, and when such leave has been given, Speaker
leave the chair, without putting any question. Also,

_ .
other motions for the government of the house.
IMPORTATIONS OF GRAIN FROM IRELAND.—During
the past year we have imported no less than 256,265 quar-
ters of wheat and 52,727!t0ns of flour from Ireland atone.
Besides. we imported 213,735 quarters of oats and 25,750
tons of oatmeal; yet this is the state of things when the
repeal is fiercely agitated, and O'Connell, its leader,
is coming over to vote for a repeal of the corn laws,
which will give to foreigners the very market which
Leland now enjoys. and whose advantages feed and clothe
her farmers ! Can we depend upon foreigners for this
supply, when Ireland has ceased to find it worth her while
to exert herself to afford it to us ?

FRUIT AND CAKE STANDS IN THE STREETS.—Yes-
terday, at the Police Court, a man, whose gingerbread-
board had been taken from him by a police-officer, and
lodged in the Bridewell, as having therewith obstructed
the street, applied to Mr. Rushton to have it restored.
Mr. Rushton inquired upon what authority it bad been
taken possession of, be being apparently under the im-
pression that all that could be done in such cases was to
drive the party away, and if he continued the obstruction,
to proceed against him by information. The officer pro-
duced his printed book of instructions, issued from the
Watch Committee, directing that boards, baskets, or the
like, should, in such cases, be taken to Bridewell. Mr.
Rushton appeared to be somewhat surprised, and directed
the man to call upon the head-constable to represent the
case to him, and to say, that he (Mr. R.) would not in-
terfere. He had previously ordered the board, &c. to be
restored to the owner.
PRAYER BOOK AND HOMILY SOCIETY.—We invite
attention to an advertisement in our columns of this day,
announcing a public meeting to be held in the Music
Hall, Bold-street, on Monday next, February 2nd,' in
favour of this society. This society has proved itself
most efficient in its labours to improve the moral charac-
ter of our seamen. and to promote the observance of the
Lord's Day on board ships, when at sea. Its labours on
shore have proved truly beneficial in promoting true reli-
gion, according to the sound doctrines of the scripture,
set forth in the articles of religion, and other formularies
and works of the Church of England. And its foreign
operations have greatly assisted the labours of Christian
missionaries in many parts abroad. It is expected that
the deputation from the Parent Society will give in detail
many very interesting and striking facts resulting di-
rectly or indirectly from the society's labours both at
home and abroad, who, we understand, will be supported
by the speeches of the Rev. Hugh Mc. Neile, Rev. Dr.
Tattershall, Rev. J. H. Stewart, and others The so-
ciety's agents in the London river only, have visited or
revisited, during the last twenty years, upwards of 50,000
ships, and other vessels. An agent has likewise been ac-
tively and usefully engaged at Liverpool, in. the same
work, for the last ten years. We earnestly wish the
society great and increasing success.
TEMPTATIONS TO TRACTARIANISM.—The Rev. An-
thony Denison, having publicly expressed, through the
newspapers, his gratitude to the author of " The Ideal
Church," and to the proctors at Oxford for preventing the
condemnation of Tract 90 principles of subscription, is
forthwith rewarded by a living of £9OO a year from the
Bishop of Salisbury, and an examining chaplainship by
the Bishop of Bath and Wells! A second Anthony, Dr.
Grant, tries to get rid, by a side-wind, of the condemna-
tion of Mr. Ward at Oxford, and his curate, Mr. Penny,
having gone over to Rome, is himself rewarded by a pre-
bendal stall at St. Paul's, and the archdeaconry of St.
Albin's, by the Bishop of London. Mr. Benjamin Har-
rison, late one of Dr. Pusey's Hebrew lecturers (the other
two are already gone over to Rome), is presented with the
archdeaconry of Maidstone, and a domestic chaplaincy,
by the Archbishop of Canterbury ; and this week again,
the Rev. Edward Churton, Rector of Crake, the intimate
friend of the author of Tract 90, and whose name appears
as thanking the proctors for preventing the condemnation
of its principles (I suppose because he came forward at
that period to testify in favour of Mr. Newman's morality,
and his " high and well-merited esteem for his charac-
ter,") is rewarded by the archdeaconry of Cleveland, by
the Archbishop of York.—Church and Slate Gazelle.
THE NEW LANDING STAGE AT GEORGE'S PIER.—

We have seen the plans and specifications of the pon
toons or iron boats that will support this landing stage

and, for the information of our readers who ere not likely
to become es'imators for the work, and consequently

could not obtain access to the plans, we give a feW par-
ticulars respecting it. The stage will be constructed in a
temporary dry dock at the noith end of the town, and at •
such a heicht from the bottom as to allow the pontoons to
be placed in their proper positions under the stage. There
will be thirty-nine of these pontoons altogether, which
(except the two end ones, which are about three times as
wide as the others) are 10 feet wide each, making, with
the space between the pontoons, one stage about 500 feet
►ong, tapered at each end so as to form two bows, to op-
pose the t'de• way. The sides of the stage, which, of
course, will be the ends of the pontoons, are squire, so
as to admit of the ferry-buts to come alongside ; and,
while at this part of our description, we would recom-
mend the proprietors of the different ferries to have an
overhanging platform to their boats, to be always parallel
with the stage, so that passenf!ers can land more quickly,
or, in other words, pour into or on to the stage a whole
broadside at once, which will he much better than wend-
ing through a gangway, one after another, which takes up
a great deal of time. There will be a man-hole in each
pontoon, so as to repair any defects or get any water out,
should there be any leakage.
CONFERENCE OF REPEAL MEMBERS.—On Saturday,
a conference of repeal members took place in the Conci-
liation-hall, Dublin. The O'Connelis attended, and
Captain Seaver was called to the chair. On the motion
of Mr. John O'Connell, a resolution was passed, " that
the Irish members going over to London do hereby pledge
themselves to oppose to the utmost all Government co-
ercive measures which shall be brought forward, if they
are not accompanied by measures calculated to settle the
differences as between landlords and tenants in Ireland."
It was understood, however, that the meeting was not
pledged to support a coercion bill, under any circum-
stances. Frequent allusion was made by the speakers to
the advice of the Dublin Mail to form an Irish Conserva-
tive party, and Mr. O'Connell asked if any Conservative
gentleman was present to propose the formation of such
an Irish party, but no response was made. Mr. O'Con-
nell said he would be happy to act under the Conservative
leader of such a party, if they could only establish it. The
London Correspondent of the Mail, at the conclusion of
his letter, in that paper of Friday, says, " Let Sir Robert
L propose such a plan as, while it disgusts the agriculturists,
shall fail to satisfy the abolitionists, and a junction be-
tween the two becomes inevitable, and then may Sir
Robert bid a long farewell to all his greatness." Mr.
O'Connell quoted this passage in his speech, and uttered
a solemn " amen l" to it.

THE PROGRESS OF IRON SHIPBUILDING IN
LIVERPOOL:

Amongst the numerous objects of interest which our
-own presents, perhaps few arc more important than the
orogress now making in the new and rising art of Iron
Shipbuilding. • We have opportunities of noticing this
;object, from the occasional launches of iron ships which
take place from the various building yards. There is
now, however, more than usual activity in this branch of,
msiness ; and were it not • for the difficulty of obtaining
.nen, and the unsettled state in which they are kept by
continual combinations, there would be even more vessels
building.
The use of iron is not now confined solely to steamers.
In these vessels it has for some years nearly superseded
the use of timber. But we have now several iron sailing
ships in course of construction, in which small auxiliary
steam power is to be employed ; and •we have heard it
stated—and, we think, with much correctness—that the
use of iron in merchant ships, for long voyages, will be
introduced in conjunction with the application of the
screw propeller, to be worked in addition to sails. The
several unsuccessful attempts to employ iron sailing ships
and the :crew propeller, have retarded their introduction ;
but those best informed in such matters state, that the
defeats that have arisen Are not necessarily attendant on
the principle, but, on the contrary, that in the variou's
trials which have been made, all the elements of success
have•been in one or other of them developed, requiring
only a sound combination to es'ablish the system perma-
nently. In our description of the works now in progress,
it will be seen that, in gddi ion to the regular steamers,
several iron sailing ships, with auxiliary steam power, are
building.
The extensive new premises erected by Messrs. Vernon
and Co., being highest up the river, first reohire attention,
No expense has been spared by these builders to provide
the most efficient means for carrying on their work.
Three very fine ships are now on the stocks, two of which
will be launched, to-morrow. The first is the Windsor,
of about 800 tons, building for the City of Dublin
Company, from the plans of Mr. Grantham. From the
fineness of the model great speed may be expected. She
has a figure-head of William the Conqueror, the founder
of Windsor Castle. The second vessel, of the same
dimensions as the Windsor, is for the Cork Company,
and is called the Ajax. The third is a very large steamer,
of about 1300 tans, building for the Peninsular and
Oriental Company ; this vessel is about "half plated.
Messrs. Vernon and Co. have also orders for two more
steamers, one of about 700 tons, also for the Cork
Company, and one of 300 tons for Fleetwood, from Mr.
Grantham's plans.
At Messrs. Hodgson and Co.'s works, Brunswick
Dock, five iron vessels are now building. That nearest
completion is about 250 tons, and is to be worked by a
screw. She is intended fear Buenos Ayres. The next is
the " Antelope" of nearly 600 tons, intended as a packet-
ship between this port and the Brazils. She is of great
length, and very fine lines, and is to be powerfully rigged.
The next to her is a large vessel for the New York trade,
to be about 1000 tons old measurement, or 1500 tons new.
She is to be heavily rigged, and with four masts. These
two last vessels are built from the plans of Mr. Grant-
ham, and are to be propelled by the screw, on his patent
direct principle. Their performance is looked forward to
with great interest, as likely to determine the success of
this system for long voyages.
Two other vessels are in this yard : one for Bombay, of
about 300 tons, and one for the Woodside Ferry.
Mr. Cato has orders for four vessel,. all from the plans
of Mr. Grantham : one of 650 tons, lately launched but
not yet completed, for the City of Dublin Company, to
be worked by paddle-wheels. Also two vessels of 300.
tons, and are for the same company, to be fitted with the
screw-propeller, and rigged as three-masted schooners.
We noticed the launch of one these in our last journal.
Mr. Laird, the well-known builder at Birkenhead, has
also five steamers in the course of construction. We
lately noticed the launch of the large frigate, the " Bir-
kenhead," of 1400 tons, and then gave a full description
of her. She is now receiving her engines in the Trafalgar
dock, and looks remarkably well.
Three other vessels are intended for the Folkstone
station, to be similar to a beautiful steamer lately com-
pleEed for the same line, named the " Prince Ernest,"
which has been highly approved of for her speed and
good qualities.
The first iron steam vessel which appeared on the
Mersey was built in Staffordshire, and came here in 1824,
and the first that was built here, was constructed by
Messrs. Fawcett, Preston and Co., in 1829; both of
these were intended for the inland navigation of Ireland.
They have been constantly at work, and are said to be
still in good condition.
While on this subject we may relate an interesting fact
that has come to our knowledge. In Mr. Grantham's
work on iron shipbuilding he describes an iron steamer,
the Aaron Manby, which was built in this country in 1821,
and sent to the Seine, where she worked between Havre
and Rouen. This steamer, with two others built about
the same time, have been most severely worked and much
neglected, but were, on examination lately, found to be in
such good condition that a firm in Rouen has undertaken
to lengthen them, preparatory to receiving new machinery,
and being again fitted for service.

THE ADVANCING PROSPERITY OF LIVER-
POOL INDICATED BY THE OPERATION OF

TS BUILDING SOCIETIES.

It has always been customary to adduce the number of
depositors and the amount of deposits in the savings'
banks as tests of the prosperity, or otherwise, of the mid-
dle and lower classes ; and we lately applied this test most
satisfactorily to the condition of our own community.
'there have, however, sprung up within the last few years
a number of societies, well secured and regulated by act
of Parliament, which offer great temptations for gradual
accumulation, superseding to a great extent the Savings'
Bank, and whose operation ought to be considered when
taking that institution as a test of prosperity, if their own,
flourishing condition is not itself the best test of the grow-
ing improvement of the condition and habits of a people.
From a source, upon whose means of information and ca-
pacity of judging we can rely, we are enabled to lay the
following data before our teaders, with respect to the
present condition of the most important, and in principle
the most valuable of these societies—viz. the building so-
cieties—in Liverpool.
There are of these societies, at present in active opera.

•
tion in this town, about 100, in which the receipts from
depositors, for the purchase of property or for accumula-
tion, vary from £7O or £BO per month to £5OO or £6OO.
The average of the whole, we are informed, is under-
estimated at £2OO a month. This will make, for each
society, £2400 per annum ; and, for the whole, the
amazing sum of £240,000 per annum ; deposited princi-
pally by the middle clas•es—by shopkeepers, artizans,
clerks—and a portion even by the labouring classes.
Upwards of two-thirds of this amount is estimated to be
applied to the purchase or erection of buildings in Liver-
pool and its vicinity, thus accounting for the rapid growth
of the town ; and the remainder is deposited simply for ac-
cumulation, and to reap the advantages which the societies
afford. The average period over which the payments extend
is 10 or 11 years ; at the end of which period the depositors,
if they have purchased or built property, have such pro-
perty free, or if cot, receive the amount of their payments
in cash with the accumulated interest, fines, forfeitures;
&c. We have thus the savings of the middle and working
classes of the town, to the extent of two-thirds of their
contributions to these societies—say £l6o,ooo—annually
vested in the real property, and attached to the town and
its interests; and, as a result of the successful working of
the system, and its more general appreciation, a large
number of the working classes, who have hitherto made
no provision for old age or casualty, are aspiring and
making strenuous efforts to be able to call their own the
houses in which they live or some other tangible property.

We are requested to announce that the London
Standard, containing Sir Robert Peel's Speech, will
leave London on Tuesday night, by special express, and
will arrive at the office of Messrs. WILLME It and
SMITH, 32, Church-street, on Wednesday morning, at
Five o'clock.

MORE PERVERTS.—On Sunday, at Birmingham, the
Rev. Mr. Formby, rector of Ruardean, in Herefordshire,
formerly of Brasenose College, and the Rev. Mr. Border.
who had been lately assisting at Ruardean, were received
into the Romish Church by Dr. Wiseman.

Last week, a passenger on the Sheffield railway, having
for some cause neglected to leave the carriage at the sta-
tion for which he was booked, took the very rash step of
jumping out of the carriage when at full speed, and
coming in contact with some masonry,. his head was li-
terally smashed, and instant death ensued.
CHURCH EXTENSION.—Last night, a meeting was held
in St. James's Church School-room, to promote the
scheme of erecting new churches in Toxteth-park. Mr.
Councillor Harbprd was in the chair, and in a pleasing
manner pressed the object on the sympathy of the meet-
ing. The other speakers were the Revs. D. D. Stewart
and H. Hampton, Mr. Fisher, Mr. ilarbord, surgeon,
and Mr. Councillor Royden. Mr. Alderman Chilton
was also present.
,RAILWAY COLLISION.— On Friday evening, the mail
train on the Great North of England Railway was pro-
ceeding near the Lessay Station, and was rather earlier
than usual, and was going at the rate of about ten miles an
hour past the station, when another train was discovered
in advance on the same line, and though the steam was
put off instantly and the break applied, a violent collision
took place, which broke the engines, damaged several of
the carriages, and injured a number of passengers. One
lady was cut much about the head and face, and one
gentleman received a severe blow on the leg. It appears
that the train run into was a coal train on the wrong line,
it being changing from one to the other when the mail
train was observed coming.
PRICES OF IRON.—From the early part of June, 1822,
to June, 1824, we find the extreme fluctuations to be 71.
per ton and 91. per ton ; in the January following the
was, however, advanced to 14/. per ton, although,
again, in the same [year, we find it it to have declined to
101. per ton—showing so large a difference, in so limited
a period, as to afford conclusive evidence, that the market
was not in a healthy state. In 1826 and 1827 the highest
quotation was 91. per ton, the lowest 81. per ton ; in 1828
it had again fallen to 71. per ton; in 1829, to 6/. per ton ;
in 1830 to 51. lOs , and, again, in 1831, to 5/. ' • while, in
1832, the price had dropped to 41. 15s. In the latter part ,
of 1833, prices again rallied; and 71. was the quotation ;
another drop, however, took place in the succeeding year,
and, in 1835, we again find the price had fallen to 51. 155.,
but advanced full 21. per ton before its close. In the suc-
ceeding year 1836, we find again another start—bars hav-
ing been sold at 111. per ton; in 1837, ,within twelve
months, the price was again quoted at 61., and again an
advance to 9/. taking place within some two or three
months afterwards. The years 1838 and 1839 show the
• only fluctuations of from 91. to 101. ; but, in 1840, another
reduction took place—the price in July of that year being
quoted at 71 10s. In 1841 it bad again further dropped
to 51. 151. •, in 1842 to 51., and again, in 1843, to 41. ;
while, in 1844, the highest price, we believe quoted is 61.
Ili 1845 bars rose again to 101.. although a trifling decline
has since taken place.

NOVEL CASE UNDER THE NEW MERCHANT
SEAMEN'S ACT.

Yesterday, six 'seamen who had performed the voyage
from this port to the river Bonny and back, in the ship
Kingston, preferred two informations against the owners
of the vessel, under the Merchant Seamen's Act,—the
first for a short supply of provisions while on board ; and
the second, for art insufficient supply of lime juice, vine-
gar, and sugar. The vessel belongs to Messrs. John and
Richard Rollinson, one of whom appeared in Court, and
stated in the outset, that he did not consider they were
themselves amenable to the complaint,inasmuch as the ship
had been chartered at so much a month for the voyage,
by Mr. Harrison, (who was ready to take the re-
sponsibility), and they (the owners) had had nothing to
do with provisioning the ship.
Mr. Rushton said, that the Act imperatively threw
the responsibility upon the owner or the captain, in such
cases, in the same manner as in claims for seamens'
wages ; and as the captain who took the vessel out had
died, he had no other resource but to hear the case
as against the former.
Mr. Rollinson said that, in that case he must submit ;
but, as he was not really to blame, if any wrong bad
been done, he trusted the reporters of the press would
represent that fact, so that he might not be placed in a
false and indefensible position.
Mr. Rushton said that, certainly, under the circum-
stances stated, no blame could be attached to the owners
of the vessel, whatever were the result.
Mr. Robert Norris, solicitor, appeared for the defence,
and the witnesses being sworn, a seaman named Cheese-
man, and another- named Woodward (the carpenter),
Watson, and others gave evidence successively.
From this, it appeared that, they had signed articles in
the usual way, and that these articles specified the quan-
tity, and kind of provisions that should be served out,
day by day. They sailed from this port on the 7th of
May last, under Captain W. Miller, who died on the
Coast about three weeks after their arrival. They pro-
duced'a statement, written from time to time by two of
them, setting f"rth the defalcations of provisions, &c.,
with the dates of the commencement and continuance of
such short allowance. It appeared that about the 3d of
July, half a pound of flour per week, per man, was stop-
ped, and nothing given in lieu of it. From the 18th of
September they had no allowance of lime juice, &c. On
the 2d November, the new captain put on board, put
them again on full allowance, but they received no lime
juice on the passage home, and for some time their allow-
ance of pork and beef was reduced from one half-pound
to one quarter pound, and on one day a-week the pork
was omitted. On the 22d November their pound each,
per week, of sugar was stopped, and from the 25th of
that month their allowance of beef and pork vsas reduced
one quarter pound on each day when it was served. The
vinegar was stopped on the 20th December, as it fell short.
There were various other items and circumstances men-
tioned, but they were of little importance. It is proper
to state, however, that the complainants stated, that
both Captain Miller (the deceased) and Captain Kneeves
who brought the ship home, treated them with great
kindness and consideration throughout; and that the
fault of being short of provisions and other necessaries
lay entirely with the cargo-master or captain, (named
Dyson,) on the coast, who improvidently and wrongfully
made away with the ship's stores. .They, spoke highly of
both their sea captains. both having occasionally got
them such small quantity of fresh meat as they could
purchase. On one occasion, they had received from
Captain Miller, on the coast, the bind-quarters of a
goat, and from Captain Kneeves, on the passage home,
some canisters of beef, and a pig, purchased by him at
sea. The court was finally of opinion that no blame
was to be attached to them, or to the owner or, char.
terers ; and that enough had been put on board 'to serve
the voyage, had it not been given away and improvi-
dently used by Dyson ; but that the act required that the
men should be paid for the deficiency by the only tangi-
ble persons, the owners of the ship. A calculation was
then made of the amount, and it was agreed to so far, as
reasonable at 4d. per day, on each day of defalcation,
making in all about 38s. 6d. to be paid to each man, sub-
ject, however, to a revision against to-morrow. Captain
Kneeves was present, but as be could not say that the men
had their full allowance throughout, though they had got
all the ship' had to give, he was not examined, as his
testimony could not have altered the decision.