The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-03-27 00:00:00

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This is the title of a drama which every"gOdititAt '4 to
of that prized name, must feel it an honour to notice in the
true spirit of con amore criticism. The writer is one of the
author's acquaintances—perhaps more—a personal friend.
That is admitted, were it for no . other reason, than that
"hunters after objections" may, if they like, take excep-
tions to an acknowledgment on the face of a critique, which,
with the worthy, must tell in favour of the reviewer and
reviewed.

.~,..1,Y~.,,-_

"LOVE."

Love," has been published' since November, 1839, and

has been performed at Covent Garden, and by the company
at the Theatres-royal• of Lancashire, with the same dis-
tinguished lady in the caste who is now representing the
leading character of the piece in the second town of the
kingdom.
We have read the play carefully from first to last—prefa.ce
and dedication alone excepted ; and have seen it twice en-
acted-. On these hints we proceed •to speak, merely obser-
ving by the way, that though we have taken some pains to
entitle ourselves to an opinion op the twofold merits of this
production, yet it is for others to see and judge for them-
selves as we make no pretension to that intuitive infallibility
to which nine-tenths of " critics" ledicrously lay claim.
The immediate pressure of assize intelligence precludes us
giving an outline of either. the acting plot or the story—two
things as often confounded together as they are frequently
and essentially independent of each other. This is one vital
reason why dramatic poems written for the closet, and lyric. I
compositions adapted for the stage, so generally require a
judgment of them to be reversed to be equitable. On this
understanding our suggestion to parties interested in " Love"
is this : its twofold beauties will be best appreciated by
those who see it represented with the pictorial aids of the
stage first, and who read it in the spirit of analysis, for
more abiding impressions afterwards.
Like all Knowles' works, Love, is a peculiar play, and in
all of its characteristics peculiar to himself. Suppose he
had denied its paternity, every audience in every town of the
United Kingdom, would with one voice have .aniated the
offspring upon him, and him only. Wholly apart from
something like an adoption. if not an imitation of the hack
handed style of the old authors, there is a peculiar idiom as
respects not the surface, but the under current of expression,
which is referable to a peculiar habit of thinking or • turn of
mind," as it is conversationally termed.: Every one who has
had the opportunities of observing Knowles' table-talk, be-
fore or after dinner, (and what a companion !) will admit this.
It is immaterial what is the question " before the house.
From trout-catching to thoughts of Parnassus and Utepia,
or of the luxury of wandering along the banks of a cam-
panionable river in dreamy reverie—or the active benevolence
of sharing a last shilling with some fellow sinner—Knowles
is Knowles. And this dpends not on a mere idiom of words,
but an idiom of thought. lie cannot divest himself of a
mannerism which depends on mentalism, and perhapait is on
this very account that all his writings are marked by as many
defects as beauties when measured by.the foot-rule of conven-
tional eriticisma- •
- -

" LOVe"'is fin hued with he'auties. Talstes differ; but tho'
inferior, as it is to his Virginins—his Hunchback and the
Tale of Mantua—in earnestness of dramtic passion. it more
than exceeds them in exquisite simplicity and delicacy of
finish. It is one of the sincerest of all the sincere writings
of a Manly and sincere author. Much as we admire it,
however, it is as a. literary composition chiefly, for we do
not think that it has those marked points in its action which
alone can secure for it such a place on the Stage as the
Hunchback and the Wife enjoy to this hour.
As a play under representation, the interest may be said
to take a distinct form and to " progress" in consequence
of the striking results at the end of the second act. The
Countess's love for the serf is beyond suspicion : it is then
seen by the surrounding party, which influence her and her
fortune—a hawk-eyed hunting party, and a busy, prying go.
between (Ulric), who snakes an exit as a " friendly" tale
bearer to the lady's aged father, exclaiming :
" A kingdom to a hawk she loves the serf."
The action advances, and the interest is made to turn on a
plot and counterplot, and is wrought out by a series of trying
and finely-written interviews between the respectable go-
between of whom honourable mention has just been made
and the father—the father and the serf—the serf and his
lady-love, and then a marriage of implied rather than real
mystery. The fourth act has scenes which are of the highest
merit in every respect. All through, those between other two
of the characters, namely, Catherine and Sir Rupert, are
racy, comical, and piquant ; and the crowning scene, the
fourth, between Iluon and his unknown partner at the altar,
is equal to anything in the language. The recoil of feeling
is finely conceived, finely written, and tellingly managed.
The construction of the fifth act is defective. Like all of the
last acts by the same hand, it is unsustained. Excepting
" Virinius" and the " Hunchback," and perhaps " The
Wife," Knowles has not yet succeeded—comparing himself
with himself—in giving us any fifth act of striking dramatic
force. Either he does not do himself justice by giving him-
aelf the requisite time, or he dilutes his Muse's art by de-
generating to the narrative "over much," thereby weaken-
ing the general effect of his legitimate dramas when tested
by close criticism as regards their management as a whole.
When merely verbal explanations form the staple of a con-
cluding act—such act becomes an Appendix rather than an
integral part of that effective unity which is in everything
that has a beginning a middle and an end.
Having said thus much, and with something like impar-
tiality, considering the face of admission which was our as-
pect at starting, let us note 'hat to many is the most agree-
able part of criticism"—namely, the exceptionable !
Is the feeling and is the consciousness of the Countess not
to be censured with which she leaves ber dying father at the
close of the first scene of the first act ? We think both are as
reprehensible as they are unlike Sheridan Knowles. Perhaps
he never thought of or noticed what we complain of. , But it
has reason in't ; and if not, it is for him and others
to judge. Thus :—a father, aged and infirm, feels him.
sOf to be dying, and uncles that truthful impression
blesses his daughter. Does be not believe that she has dud.
ft\lly done what his previous art could not effect ? and after
asking her father on her knees, once again to bless her in the
nameof the All-seeing One, she knowing his belief and herown
juggling intentions, no sooner does he totter from one wing
of the apartment than she stealthily hastens from another to
ratify the very deed on the fgita of security from which, the
old father bestowed his pa'ern sl and final blessing? This is
so like Bulwer and so unlike Knowles, that we name it now,
and shall " pepper" kiln for it the next time he gives us
speech.

- With other exceptions which we shall recapitulate " wits
the malice of a friend," we had also marked a number of
select passages for extract—gems of poetic beauty and gen-
uine transcripts of (xderience. They will keep till Tuesday.
'Meanwhile we cannot in fairiiesidon*ClUde without noticing the
admirable style in which this play has been produced
at the Theatre-royal. With those who have seen it, it
must set any cavilling dumb in respect of the mausgement and
the painstaking of the company, which however are receiving
the good word" of our contemporaries, though all are not
—and never can be—ux4winrous. Our respect for " con-
temporae,es"—like their's,for us—is, of course, unbounded.

FATAL ACCIDENT.—On Friday afternoon last, as William
Worrall, a seaman engaged on board the barque Grace, was
crossing the combings of the main hatchway of the American
ship Mayflower, a vessel lying about third or fourth from the
Grace, he fell into the hold, where he was found, lying on a
bale of cotton, with his head bent under his breast. He was
taken up immediately and conveyed to the Northern Hos-
pital, where he was attended by Mr. Gaskell, one of the
surgeons, who stated that he died on Wednesday, of a frac-
ture of the spine, caused by the fall. An inquest was yes-
terday held on the body, before P. F. Curry, Esq., coroner,
when a verdict of " accidental death" was returned.

PREJUDICES.—Every country has particular prejudices
with regard to accelerating personal improvements ; but, with
a few barbarian exceptions, a set of fine Teeth is an object of
general solicitude. The present age abounds in useful and
elegant discoveries, (says an eminent member of the faCulty,)
but all yield in beauty and utility to Rowland's Odonto,
which, as an embellisher and preserver of the Teeth, and
consequent promoter of comfort and attraction, is certainly
the first dentifrice of the present age.—See advt.

The Queen:has been graciously pleased to appoint Mrs.
and the Misses Johnstone, of 16, Dover-street, Piccadilly,
to be dressmakers and milliners in ordinary to her Majesty.

The Postoffice authorities, for the convenience of the in-
habitants of Low :hill, Kensington, Fairfield, and neighbour-
hood, have established a receiving-box for letters and news.
papers, at the shop of Mr. C. Barnett, chemist, Low-hill,
from whence letters and newspapers are sent to the general
office twice a day (Sunday excepted) without any extra charge.

KNOWSLEY PARK, LANCASHIRE, MONDAY NIGHT.—
We are concerned to state that the Earl of Derby has suffered
a relapse, and is now confined to his bed from the effects of
another paralytic stroke. His lordship was returning from
his afternoon's drive, on Wednesday last, at the hour of three,
p.m., and the servants were lifting him from the carriage,
when he fell into their arms insensible, in which state he was
conveyed to his chamber. An express was despatelv.d to
Liverpool for professional assistance, and his lordship expe-
rienced some relief after being bled. Lord Stanley arrived
a few minutes after his noblefather was seized with sudden
illness, from Latham House, the seat of Lord Skelmersdale,
whither the noble lord and Lady Stanley had been summoned
from town on account of the alarming indisposition -Of -her
mother, Lady Skelmersdale. Lord Derby's disorder has
taken a favourable turn, and there is no immediate danger ;
but Lord Stanley, who was to leave for town by the railway,,
has postponed his departure for a few days. His lordship 'a
son and daughter, the Hon. Edward Stanley and the Hon.
Miss Stanley, are expected to arrive to-morrow from town.
—Morning Herald of Tuesday.
AWFUL DEATH.—An inquest was held on Tuesday before
P. F. Curry, Esq. coroner, on the body of Thomas Williams,
labourer, aged 59 years. It appared that the deceased was
engaged in holding timber carriages at the Brunswick Dock
Quay, for the purpose of being taken to the timber-yard of
Messrs. Dempsey, Frost. and Co. It was stated that there is
a brow which leads from the road down to the edge of the
dock, which is used for the purpose of discharging vtss3ls
laden with timber. After the timber is taken from the ves-
sel, it is drawn to the top oft.fe,l-.rog%av,ed in
audpliaocaeadinign awitcess :t.
The top hetimboefrtwhehie/wand
deceased
ia is engaged
the horses were obliged to cote
near the dock, with the hind wheels near the top of the brow,
in order to load the carriage. When one of these carriages
was laden, the driver called out, and deceased was, Standing
about his own length from the near hind wheel when it was
set in motion. During the descent the wheels disturbed the
logs which caused them to slide off, one of the wheels struck
deceased and knocked him down, and another went Over his
head, by which the upper part of his skull was completely cut
off, and his brains scattered on the ground. A verdict was
returned of " Accidental death."
THE CALENDAR.—HOH referring to the Calendar for the
present South Lancashire Assizes, we find that there are 74
prisoners charged with having committed felony, of which
number six are indicted on charges of murder, and nine are
Bank and Mint cases ; of the misdemeanants, two are
charged with perjury, and twenty-seven for riotous and
seditious conspiracies, unlawful assemblies, and seditiot a
speeches, of whom 23 are out on bail, traversing from the
last Aisizes •, altogether, 103 prisoners, of whom 25 can
neither read nor write ; 16 read inaperfeetly, 30 read and
write imperfectly, 27 well, and sin a superior manner. Of
the six prisoners charged with murder, 2 can neither read
nor write, 1 can only read imperfectly, 2 read and write well,
and 1 superiorly. Of the 27 charged with riotous and se-
ditious conduct, only one can neither read nor write, 4 read
imperfectly,'7 read and write imperfectly, 13 well, and 2 in a
superior manner. Doubtless, the last named culprits are
men of weight in that class of society to which they be-
long—men destined by their superior education to take a
prominent part amongst their fellows ; mad it is lamentable
to see such men,—whose influence ought to be exerted for
the welfare of their brethren, and the well-being of society,
—urging those simple-minded individuals, whose ignorance
they should instruct, and whose actions they should direct
into a virtuous course to the committal of seditious out-
rages, which can'only firing them to disgrace 'aud ruin. - But
still, these can only read and write : how much more, then,
are those to blame, who placed fat above them in station and
intellectuality, have sanctioned their proceedings, and pro-
claimed them lawful ? How sincerely ought they to repent
of their past conduct, On beholding the long lists of offenders
risalnst the laws of their country--of which are nominally
the guardians, but virtually the destroyers—which have been
created by their folly and misgovernment. But do they
repent? sVe 'feat not. These effects are Only part of theft.
Machiavellian policy ;- and repentance will only come when it
be too late, if it is not too late already. And'in betrayitg
the peace of 'England to their pseudo-friends, the Chartists,
foi a mo'ment's popularity, they may emulate the Roman
maiden; -betrayed the 'capitol' '.hands of her
tbun tr.?, foes,
for her perfidy was smothered
golden braceletiOrtiorMi
beneath their shields.
tot 4110.'adriaainents'-an 'their 'arms e. the;


pottrp.

TO AN ADOPTED CHILD

Say, what shall charm oar drooping days
As childless to the grave we go ;
Or who shall close our dying eyes, .
Or claim our little wealth below ?
Say, who shall watch us in the hours
Of lingering sickness or of care,
Who dress with soft affection's flowers
Our temples, to dispel despair?
And who, when only one is left,
To linger out their thread of life ;
Oh, who, when thus of joy bereft,
And all seems gloomy as the night,
Shall, with her gay and loving smiles,
Win back the heart to things of earth,
With hope the solitude beguile,
And cheer us with a pleasing mirth ?
To thee we look, my dear ;
To thee the future we confide;
Gladly we'll check the rising tear,
So long as thou art by our side ;
And though the offspring of our love
Is taken, and we linger here,
God, who that blessing did remove,
Provided thee our hearts to cheer.
March 26th, 1840

Y. E. E

LECTURES ON THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

(From the Morning Herald of Wednesday.)
Yesterday the Rev. Hugh M`Neile delivered, at the Hano-
yes-square Rooms, his sixth and concluding lecture on the
Church of England. The subject chosen for consideration
in this lecture was unquestionably one of high importance,
but at the same time one of great delicacy ; it was, how far
the defects in the working of the church operate as hindrances
to its practical efficiency. In pointing out the causes of
these defects, and suggesting remedies, the clear, acute, and
practical reasoning, and the calm and temperate, yet dignified
and earnest language of the rev. gentleman, while they ri-
vetted the attention of his auditory, appeared to carry such a
conviction to, and produce such an impression on their minds,
as cannot easily be effaced by any arguments that may here-
after be employed in favour of the demolition of our national
church establishment.
The attendance of the nobility and gentry was even greater
than on the previous occasion. Amongst others we observed
—His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, attended by
Col. Jones ; the Marquis of Cholmondeley, the Bishop of
Landaff, Bishop of Chester, Lord Lilford, Lord Prudhoe,
Lord Middleton, Lord Bernard, Lord H. Cholmondeley,
Lord Radstock, the Earl of Bandon, the Earl of Galloway,
the Lord Mayor, Mr. Sheriff Wheelton, Sir C. S. Hunter,
Sir Peter Laurie, the Right Hon. F. Shaw, M.P., Sir R. H.
Inglis, Bart. M.P., Captain Alsager, M.P., Sir T. Cochrane,
M.P., A. M. Lockhart, Esq. M.P., G. Houston, Esq. M.P.,
J. Dunbar, Esq. M.P., T. Houldsworth, Esq. Al. P., Sir G.
Murray, Hon. Capt. Iroirard, ALP., J. B. East, Esq. M.P.,
Hon. A. Duncombe, M.P., E. Wodehouse, Esq. M.P., G.
R. Bowles, Esq. M.P., J. rector, Esq. M.P. F. Hodgson,
Esq. M.P., E. Litton, Esq. M.P., Sir T. Hepburn, Bart.
M.P., Colonel Perceval, M.P., Hon. J. R. Maxwell, M.P.,
J. Stewart, Esq. M.P., J. Blair, Esq. M.P., Sir G. Sinclair,
Bart. M.P., J. P. Plumptre, Esq. M.P., A. Pringle, Esq.
M.P., T. D. Acland, Esq. M.P., .G. V. Harcourt, Esq.
Sir W. R. Farquhar, Bart., General Sir M. Disney,
Sir Brooke Bridges, Bart., Sir F. Head, Sir J. Hamilton,
Admiral Sir T. Williams, Sir J. Eyre, the Hon. F. Dutton,
Hon. Captain Maude, Hon. and Rev. C. B. Bernard, Hon.
F. Nugent, the Dean of Carlisle, Archdeacon Cambridge,
Rev. Dr. D'Oyley, Rev. S. Baker, the Hon. A. Kinnaird,
G. Finch, Esq., J. Hardy, Esq., H. Pownall, Esq., Henry
Hoare, Esq.' Sir Culling E. Smith, Bart., Sackville L. Fox,
Esq. M.P., W. Astell, Esq., W. H. El ughes, Esq., E. Thorn-
ton, Esq., Sir F. Foulke, and Sir G. Head.
The Rev. Lecturer observed that the causes which impede
the efficiency of our national church involve considerations
of great difficulty and delicacy. There were persons whose
attachment to the church had almost the appearance of ido-
latry. In their admiration of the general excellence of our
church establishment they seemed to forget that it was hu-
man in its arrangement, and they could not be induced to
believe that there was any defect or even a single error of
judgment in any part of her polity, and therefore for any one
to admit that anything required amelioration sounded to
them little less than profanation. He had no sympathy with
such prepossessions. He was dearly attached to the Church
of England, and it was simply because she nowhere claims
infallibility for anything except the inspired Word of God.
She had found that church after church had erred, and she
claimed no exemption from the common liability of all hu-
man institutions to err. Unfair advantages had been taken
by the fartious opponents of the church of the candour of
such admissions. They had eagerly taken hold of every
confession from the friends of the church involving an ad-
mission of defect. Honesty was a Christian duty in the
outset, as well as the best policy in the end. There was a
difference between honest reproof and that virulence of in-
vective which betrays a bad cause. The prophet Jeremiah,
whilst reproving the people of Judah for their idolatry, still
mingled tenderness with his reproof. Distinguishing be-
tween the people and their conduct, he still calls them " my
people," he still speaks of healing, and sighs for balm. St.
Paul, also, was filled with tender and affectionate sorrow for
'his brethren ; and should he (Mr. M'Neile) venture to speak
of One still greater than Jeremiah, who reproved the scribes
and the pharisees, and the hypocrites of that day ; and when
mourning over the destruction which was to come upon the
city of Jerusalem, wept, and said, " 0 Jerusalem, Jerusa-
lem, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them that
are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy
children together as a hen gatbereth her chickens under her
wings, and ye would not." It were well that those who set
themselves in array against the church would learn a lesson
from this, and that, while they demanded an amelioration,
would yet weep for its necessity. How touching would he
the expostulation ofan affectionate heart which loved the truth,
and which would lament the inefficiency of the church, merely
because of its hindrance of the truth which it loved. It was
in such a spirit he proposed to enter into the consideration of
the subject of his present lecture—namely, how far the prac-
tical efficiency of the Churchof England was hindered by the
present defects in its working. He would first call attention
to what was the present, and, under the circumstances, the in-
evitable mode of administering baptism in the parish churches
of large towns and populous villages. The numbers rendered
the ordinary method of administering baptism during divine
service utterly impracticable, and consequently it had fallen
into disuse. Some hopeful attempts had been made to re-
medy the evil, but they had been frustrated ; and thus a fun-
damental ordinance had been, as it were, thrust into a cor-
ner. The number of private baptisms had increased, and
crowds of sponsors and infants were to be seen collected in
the parish church on a week-day. The moral effect of all
this was, that that which was held to be the highest exercise
of our faith was reduced to a lifeless superstitious ceremony.
A handle of objection was afforded to the enemies of the
church by this, as well as creating distraction and distrust
amongst her friends, the disadvantages of which it would be
difficult to estimate. The only remedy was to be found in
the parochial subdivision plan, which would give the inhabi-
tants of a certain district a right to go for baptism to a cer-
tain church, and a consequent right to the clergyman to refuse
those, the moral character of whose sponsors he might not
be acquainted with, or knowing it might have sufficient rea-
son for the refusal. This plan could be so effected as to re-
duce the number of the population within practical limits,
and the clergyman might make an arrangement with his pa-
rishioners, so as perhaps to do away with the necessity of
having the ceremony of baptism performed during Divine
service more than once, or, at moat, twice a month. Another
practical hindrance to the efficiency of the church was one
which he felt to be highly important in its nature, and that
related to certQn passages in some of our services. There
were unquestionably some passages in some of our services
which were variously understood by our clergymen. The
effect of this was incalculably injurious upon the minds of
many estimable communicants ' • it damped the ardour of
many of the friends of the church, and, by the evils of hesi-
tation, deprived the church of the advocacy of her lay sup-
porters. They all knew that the slightest tremor in the hand
that holds the bow affects the course of the arrow, and
drives it hopelessly wide of the mark. He (Mr. M`Neile)
was tremblingly alive to the delicacy of the ground upon
which he was then treading. He had surveyed the armed
hostility which was arrayed against the omission, or addi-
tion, or even alteration of a single word in our venerated
-ritual. He was aware that, even with the aid of inspiration
if we could have it, we could not effect an alteration that
would be agreeable to all. He would, nevertheless, venture
to suggest what occurred to him to be a practical remedy, in
the hope that it would be considered in the proper quarter.
His suggestion had this advantage, that it would not erase,
or add, or alter a single word in any part of our services, and
yet, if introduced by the proper authorities, would gladden
the hearts of many sincere and zealous friends of our church.
He proposed that the passages he had referred to should be
placed by authority within brackets, and that the clergy
should be authorised to read or not to read those bracketted
passages, according to their varying judgment and conviction,
formed from the varying circumstances of each particular
case. Thus no change would take place, for in some places
the clergyman would read all, whilst in others the permission
to omit them could be acted upon. Nor would it affect the
uniformity of our service any more than it is affected by the
present practice of officiating ministers in selecting passages
in the opening service and omitting certain collects. In fact,
the option in this latter respect was given by the Rubric.
This mode, he contended, would gain for the church a vast
accession of cordiality, for there was a great difference be_
tween describing as indispensable and suggesting as preferable.
He did not feel that it was convenient then, either as to time
or place. to point to the particular passages alluded to, but
he might be permitted to express his anxious hope that the
matter would be taken into consideration In the proper
quarter. Another cause of the limited efficiency of the
church, he considered, was the want of adequate training of
the clergy. A college education, as commonly educated, was
inefficient in many respects. A clergyman might he possessed
of those valuable qualifications which a college education is
calculated to put him in possession of, and yet be deficient in
'other respects for an adequate performance of the duties of a
Christian minister. For instance, he might lack the power
of giving instruction, and in.. so far would, be comparatively
useless. The position of the clergyman was peculiar—he
had to go amongst a population in whom the extremes of
character were to be found. He had to encounter the most
enlightened and the most ignorant, the most moral and the
most profligate—in fact persons of all shades of character
and disposition, and it was therefore no easy matter to act
in his ministration so as to be useful to all. The reverend
lecturer then proceeded to contend, that indispensible to the
formation of a really efficient clergyman, that the study of
elocution should be added to the other studies prescribed in
the Universities, and the English clergyman (considering
the prominent feature of the English character, which was
reserved,) should be a man of knowledge, not merely of
books, but of mankind also. No one could doubt, who had
been in the habit of attending popular assemblies, the effect
of a ready elocution upon the people; and yet how little was
the study of that art attended to in the Universities ! Fol-
low the clergyman from the pulpit to the school-room, from
the catechetical lecture to the examination of children in
school, to the bedside of a dying sinner, or to where it
might be necessary to administer a kind reproof for intoxi-
cstion ; follow him from the abode of misery to the parlour
of worldly avarice, from the humble cottage of resignation
and contentment to the drawing-room of piety on the one
hand, and vanity on the other, and finally to the platform
of a public meeting, where his efforts were required for
'the propagation of Christianity throughout the nations of
the earth ;—in whatever department of his duties they
might follow him, they would find it difficult to estimate
the advantages which would result from the establishment
of elocution classes. This might be done without inter-
fering with their other studies, but might be added to them ;
and if the delay even of a year were interposed to the com-
pletion of their studies, the advantages would more than
compensate for any inconvenience occasioned. The rev.
lecturer then proceeded to point out another cause which
operated as an hindrance to the efficiency of the church, and
that was the want of candour of personal deportment in our
clergymen, and dwelt at some length on this point. The next
cause was to be traced in the inadequacy of the incomes of
many of the clergy, both incumbents and curates. It was a
well-known fact that many incumbents were unable to pay a
curate for his assistance : it was true that in some instances
the seasonable benevolence of private societies had been ex-
ercised, but that source was precarious, and therefore inef-
fectual. According to returns he found that there were in
the whole 10,718 benefices. Of these, 297 were under the
annual value of £5O, 1,629 under the annual value of £lOO,
and 4,935 under the annual value of £3OO. One of the effects
suchdriven
aas
Ise this state of things was, that satiny clergymenwere
a the necessity of resorting to other employments,
jastruoioo of young men, or becoming schoolmasters