The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1849-10-09 00:00:00

DIED.

Lately, aged 39, Mr. ROBERT ROBERTSON.
Lately, at Bath, MAURICE POWER, Esq., second son of
the late Tyrone Power, Esq., the unrivalled Irish comedian.
Lately, at New York, aged 33, JAMES A. HOUSTON, M.D.,
a native of the county Antrim.
Lately, MARY ANN, infant daughter of Mr. WM. MORE-
LAND, and granddaughter of the late Wm. Gurnell.
On the 17th March, at Port Antonio, Jamaica, aged 36, Mr.
ROBERT ALLEN, eldest son of the late Captain Robert Allen,
of this port.
On the 4th of May, on his passage home, Mr. SAMUEL
SAVAGE, steward of the ship John M‘Vicar, from Calcutta
for this port.
On the Bth of July, at Pisa), Captain THOMAS C. WHITE,
of the Chimborazo.

On the 6th August, at Calcutta, EDMUND ARTHUR, son of
the Rev. W. COCKCROFT, curate of Oxton, Cheshire.
On the 16th August, at Toronto, Upper Canada, in his 44th
year, Mr. JOHN LEE, plumber, brother to Mr. Nathan Lee,
plumber and glazier, of this town.
On the Ist ultimo, suddenly, aged 49, Mr. P. GRACE,.cow-
keeper, Burlington-street.
Same day, at Toronto, Canada West, after a few hours' ill-
ness, aged 24. Mr. JAMES CUTTELL, printer, son of Mr. T.
Cuttell, pi inter, formerly of the Mercury Office, Leeds; also,
on the same day, at the same place, after a few hours' illness,
aged 31, Mr. WILLIAM NEEDHAM, son-in-law of Mr. Thos.
Cuttell; also, on the following day, after a few hours' illness,
aged 19, MARY, wife of Mr. JOHN HALL, printer, formerly of
the Mercury Office, Leeds, and (laughter of Mr. Thos. Oaten.
On the 13th ultimo, at Chester, aged 15 months, CHARLES
MOUTRY, only child ; and, on Monday, aged 33, MARY, wife
of Mr. CHARLES THORNTON, guard on the Chester and
Crewe Railway.
On the 14th ultimo, FRANCES BARROW, only sister of the
Rev. A. Barrow, chaplain to Sir T. Tempest, of Broughton-
hall, Skipton.
On the 19th ultimo, after a long and painful illness, aged 48,
ELIZABETH, wife of Mr. JOHN RIGI3Y, hat-manufacturer,
London,
this and aunt to Mr. Benjamin Frankland Rigby, account-
ant, of town.

On the 23d ult., at Breeny Beg, near Bantry, aged 82, J. D.
O'SULLIVAN, sq., for many years connected with the press
in London, having been one of the editors of the Courier, which
has since become amalgamated with the Globe.
On the 24th ult., aged 74, MARY, relict of the late Mr. JOHN
HUGHES, lath-dealer.

Same day, at Vienna, of scarlatina, STRAUSS, the celebrated
musical composer. _

On the 25th ultimo, in Park-lane, HARRIET, wife of Mr.
OHN OUTRIDGE, late of the Old Swan.
Same day, at Clitheroe, in his 75th year, Mr. JAS. HORNBY,
formerly timber merchant and builder, and father of the late
Mr. Robert Hornby.
On the 27th ultimo, at Thornton, near Poulton-le-Fylde, in
his 79th year, Mr. J. TAYLOR, formerly assistant-overseer of
that township, and latterly deputy-steward to Sir Hesketh
Fleetwood, Bart.

Same da at an advanced age, Mr. W. CAIN, joiner, Lime-
kiln-lane, Tranmere.
Same day, aged 60, HANNAH, wife of Mr. J. FAIRBRO-
THER,, of Lawton-street.
Same day, aged 41, ALICE, wife of Mr. S. L. EDWARDS,
architect, and second daughter of the late Mr. Ralph Brereton,
of Halton.
Same day, at Oxton, Cheshire, aged 5 years and 9 months,
ANN, only daughter of Mr. JOHN SEYMOUR HART.
Same day, at Brewery-house, Runcorn, aged 79, MARGA-
RET, relict of the late Mr. JOSEPH HARRISON, of this
town.
On the 28th ultimo, Mr. JAMES SMITH, of the Stanley
Arms, Parliament-street.
Same day, at Jersey, in his 39th year, GILBERT HENRY
HARRISON, Esq., of this town.
Same day, after a lingering illness, Mr. WM. EVANS, stone-
mason, for many years in the employ of the Liverpool Corpo-
ration.
Same day, aged 29, Mr. WILKINSON THORNHILL, cooper.
Same day, aged 27, Mr. PETER HOLDEN ; and, on the 3d
instant, aged 17 months, PETER, son of the above; son and
grandson of Mr. P. Holden, butcher, Knowsley-hall.
Same day, of scarlet fever, aged 5 years and 10 months,
ROBERT, son of Mr. DAVID ROBERTS, of 45, Hunter-street.
Same day, at the Green Farm, High Wycombe, Buckingham..
shire, aged 30, THOMAS WOOSTER HUSSEY, fourth son of
the late Mr. Wm. Hussey, surveyor and land agent.
Ou the 29th ultimo, aged 32, ANN, wife of the Rev. J. PEET,
Primitive Methodist minister, Chester.
Same day, at Hamburgh, Mr. GEORGE RENNER, R.N.
Same day, in Mann-street, aged 41, Mr. GEORGE VALEN-
TINE, foreman to Messrs. P. Chaloner and Sons, shipwrights,
Queen's Graving Dock ; and, a few hours previously, aged 14,
WILLIAM, son of the above.
Same day, at the residence of her father, Mr. F. Scallan, of
Great Crossliall-street, late of her Majesty's Customs, MAR-
GARET, wife of Mr. JAMES LEACY, cattle agent, Wigtown.
Same day, at the residence of Mr. Edge, surgeon, Salford,
after seven hours' tlhiess, Mr. JOHN WILLIAMS, M.R.C.S.
and L.A.S., late of this town, a victim to his assiduous efforts
to relieve the cholera patients placed under his charge.
On the 30th ultimo, at Ormsk irk aged upwards of 80, Mr.
JOHN SPENCER, late of Anghton 11foss.
Same day, aged 39, Mr. THOMAS MUSKER, farmer, of
Bootle, universally regretted by those who had the pleasure of
his acquaintance.
Same day, aged 56, JANE, wife of Mr. SEACOME ELLISON,
of Willow-oank, Walton.
Same day, at Cork, after a short illness, in his 63d year, D.
CALLAGHAN, Esq., M.P. for Cork.
Same day, at Wavertree, aged 4 years and 9 months, ESTHER,
laughter of Mr. JOHN BRADSHAW.
Same day, at Amiens, in his 78th year, Sir S. SCOTT, Bart.,
iember of the eminent banking firm of Sir C. Scott and Co.
Same day, at the house of her son, Wednesbury, Stafford.

Aire, Mrs: \VILLIAMS, of St. Paul's-terrace, Prince's-park.
Same day, aged 29, Mr. THOMAS OWEN, of Stockton heath,
near Warrington, late in the employ of Messrs. Lyon and
Greenalls, of Wilderspool Brewery.
Same day, iilGrove-park, Lodge lane, aged 81, MARGARET,
relict of the lafe J. HARRISON, Esq., of Aldford, near Chester,
On the Ist instant, aged 19, SARAH ELIZABETH, eldest
daughter of Id ROBERT HUGHES, of Gildart-street.
Same day, Mr. ROBT. M'GEORGE, draper, Byrom-street.
Same day, at Beeston, Mr. WM. DRIVER, of Kirkdale.
Same•dav, in this town, SARAH MARIA, wife of the Rev.
ROBERT -MARTINDALE, and second daughter of the late
R. T, W, Ashworth, Esq., barrister-at, law, I%lttnchester.

Same day, at the house of her brother, Mr. Nelson Kennah,
No. 33, Athol-street, of dropsy, aged 24, ANN CREER, late of
the Isle of Man.

On the 2nd instant, at Boughton. near Chester, aged 50, Mrs.
WHITE, relict of the late Joseph White, Esq., of Sutton-hall,
leaving thirteen children to deplore their loss.
Same day, at Deavenham, Cheshire, aged 69, Mr. E. LEWIS,
plumber, &c., late of this town.
Same day, after a lingering illness of five years, aged 12, Mr.
JOHN PENKE'IT, of Moor, Cheshire.
Same day, in Bold-street, after a long and painful illness,
Mr. FREDERICK HUFF, late of Falkner-street.
Same day, after a short illness, aged 62, ALICE, wife of Mr.
JOSEPH BRANSON, Duke-street, Lower Tranmere.
On the 3rd instant, in South-street, Toxteth-park, of dysen-
tery, aged 30, Mr. JAMES NORRIS, for several years compo-
sitor at The Albion-ofiice, and formerly of Douglas, Isle of
Man.

Same day, aged 41, Mr. VIM. THISTLETON, second son of
the late Mr. Roger Thistleton, timber-merchant.
Same day, in Canning-place, Mrs. W. WILLIAMS, widow of
the late Captain Williams.
Same day, at the rectory, Woodchurch, 61, HAMILTON
GEORGIANA, the beloved wife of the Rev. JOSHUA KING.
On the 4th instant, in her 17th year, Ann, only daughter of
Mr. WM. CUTTS, late of Manchester.
Same day, Mr. THOMAS HULME, of Melling.
On the sth instant, aged 13 years, FANNY, second daugh-
ter of Mr. WILLIAM COLLINS, Bootle-lane.
Same day, at Marshfield, the residence of Miss Dawson,
JANE CONSTANTINE, the wife of PUDSEY DAVNON,
Esq., of Horaby Castle.
Same day, at Haskayne House, near Ormskirk, the wife of
Mr. THOMAS WHALLEY.

On the 6th instant, suddenly, at his residence, Pembroke-
place, in his 54th year, Mr. IGDALIAH SEDDON, son of the
late Igdaliah Seddon, Esq., corn merchant, Bolton.

On the 7th instant: agells years, JAMES LINDSAY, second
son of Captain NORMAN M•LEOD, of Carlton-terrace, Upper
Parliament-street.

Yesterday. at his residence, Chadwick Mount, Everton-valley,
RALPH PEARSON, Esq., in his 68th year, highly respected.

TIDE TABLE.
DAYS. MORN. 'EYEING.) HOLIT. HOLYDAYS, ETC.
Oct. h. m. h. m. I ft. in.
Tuesday.... 9, 3 53 427 13 11
Wednesday .10 5 6 549 12 11
Thursday .. 11 633 717 12 11
Friday ....12 755 830 13 4
Saturday .. 13 859 927 14 8
Sunday ....14 951 10 13 15 10 ,19thSund.aft.Trinii
Monday.... 15 10 31 10 54 17 1
Add 12 minutes to make Greenwich time.

;19th Sund. aft. Trinity

PACKET LIST, GENERAL POST-OFFICE, OCT. 7.
iMails desp'diLast Packet:Next Packet
Destination. ; from Lon don sailed. due.
S'HAMPTON STATION
Lisbon 7th, 17th, Montrose .. Next Mail
Madeira
Spain
Gibraltar every month
Malta &lonian Islands 3rd and 20th Hindostan.. Next Mail
Greece and Egypt of every Sept. 20 due Oct. 28
India, Ceylon,Bi China month.
(1) Brit. Col .in W. Ind.
(except Honduras & 2nd and 17th Dee Next Mail
Bermuda,) For. Col. .
it every Oct. 2 due Oct. 22
in W. Indies, except month.
Havana, Venezuela,
and Madeira
(2) Mexico & Havana.. 2nd of every Dee Next Mail
(3) Bermuda, St. Juan month only. Oct. 2 due Oct. 22
de Nicaragua, and 17th ofevery Axon Next Mail
New Grenada
FALMOUTH STATION.
Madeira, Brazil, and ll I Evng. of 4th lIMB Crane HMPenguin
Buenos Ayres every month Sept. 6 Oct. 24
LIVERPOOL STATION.i
Brit. N. America, Ber- Every ,Cambria
muda, and U. States f day. I Oct. 6 0ct.:17

STATIONS OF THE BRITISH ARMY,
ON THE IST OF OCTOBER, 1849.

(From Colburn'a Unit,
Where two places are mentio
which the depot of the
Ist Life Guards—Windsor
2d Ditto—Regent's Park
Royal H. Guards—Hyde Park
Ist Drag.Guards—Cahir
2d—Piershill
3d—Nottingham
4th—Manchester
sth—Birmingham
6th—Dublin
7th—Brighton
Ist Dragoons—York
2d—Longford
3d—Umbrella, Bengal, Maidstn
4th—Athlone
6 th=Dublin

ed Service Magazine.)
oned, the last-named is that at
regiment is stationed.)
56th—(1st batt.) Corfu, Ptsm'th
(2d batt.) Cephalonia
37th—Ceylon, Chatham
38th—Halifax, N.S., Castlebar
39th—Preston
40th—Dublin
41st—Charles Fort, Kinsale
420—Bermuda—Isle of Wight.
Reserve batt., Bermuda.
430—Kilkenny
44th—(lst batt.) Malta,l.Wight
(Reserve batt.) Malta
45th—CapeG.Hope, l.of Wight;
Res. batt., Cape G. Hope
46th—Liverpool
l7th—Buttevant
48th—Dublin
49th—Templemore
50th—Dover
ilst—Madras, Chatham
52d—Preston
53d—Bengal, Chatham
54th—Antigua, Jersey
55th—Dublin
56th—(lst batt.) Gibraltar,Gos-
port ; Res.batt., Gibraltr
nth—Enniskillen
58th—New Zealand, Chatham
59th—Hong Kong
60th—(1st bt.) Bombay,Chathm
(2d bt.) Dublin
31st—Bengal, Chatham
32d—Bury
63d—Newcastle-on-Tyne
34th—Bombay, Chatham
55th—New Zealand, Chatham
66th—Barbadoes, Tralee
37th—Gibraltar, Isle of Wight
Reserve bat., Gibraltar
Isth—Galway
19th—Malta, Gosport
70th—Bengal, Chatham
71st—Naas, Res. batt., Canada
720—Barbadoes, Sheerness
73d—C. G. Hope, Templemore
74th—Limerick
75th—Bengal, Chatham
76th—Corfu, Gosport
Reserve batt., Zante
77th—Portsmouth
78th—Bombay, Chatham
79th—Quebec, Nenagh
80th—Bengal, Chatham
81st—Hull
82d—Plymouth
830—Bombay, Chatham
84th—Secunderabad, Chatham
85th—Waterford
86th—Bombay, Chatham
87th—Ben'-al, Chatham
88th—St. Vincent, Kinsale
89th—Birr
90th—Ashton-under-Lyne
91st—Portsmouth ; Res. batt.,
Cape of Good Hope
92d—Clonmel
93d—Stirling Castle
94th—Madras, Chatham
95th—China, Londonderry
96th—Bengal, Chatham
97th—Halifax,NS.Isle ofWight
Reserve batt, Jamaica.
98th—Bengal, Chatham
99th—V. D. Land, Chatham
Rifle Brigade--
(lst batt.) Cape of G. Hope,
Bristol
(2d batt.) Canada, I.of Wight
I Reserve batt., Quebec.
COLONIAL CORPS.
Ist West India r.Pgimelit—Jamaica,
20 Ditto—Nassau
3d Ditto—Demomll-a, Sierra Leone, &c.
Ceylon Rifle Regiment—Ceylon and Hong Kong
Royal Canadian Rifle Regiment—Canada
Cape Mounted Riflemen—Cape of Good Hope
Royal Newfoundland Veteran Company—Newfoundland
Royal Malta Fencibles—Malta
St. Helena Regiment—St. Ilelena.

7th Hussars—Newbridge
Bth—Newbridge
9th Lancers—Bengal, Maidstn,
10th Hussars—Bombay, ➢said•

stone
11th Hussars—Hounslow
12th Lancers—Cork
13th Lt. Dragoons—Dundalk
14th—Bengal, Maidstone
15th Huss.—Madras, Maidston
16th Lancers—Norwich
17th—Dublin
Grenadier Guards—
(lst batt.) St. George's Bar.
(2d batt.) Wellington Bar.
(3d batt.) Windsor
Coldstream Guards—
(lstbatt.) St. John's Wood
(2d batt.) Chichester
Scotch Fusilier Guards—
(Ist batt.) Portman-st. Bar.
(24 batt.) The Tower
Ist Foot—
(Ist batt.) N. Bruns. Abrdn.
(2d batt.)—Dublin
2d—Dublin
3d—Limerick
4th—Winchester

sth--Mauritius, Isle of Wight
6th—Cape G. Hope
Reserve, Fermoy
7th—Halifax, N.S., Youghal
Bth—Bombay, Chatham
9th—Newry
10th—Bengal, Chatham
11th—N. S. 'Wales, Chatham
12th—Weedon

Reserve batt., Mauritius
13th—Belfast
14th—Newport, N.S.W.
15th—Ceylon, Brecon
16th—Cephalonia, Guernsey
17th—Chatham
18th—Bengal, Chatham
19th—Montreal, Mullingar
20th—Canada, Isle of Wight
Reserve batt., Canada
21st—Edinburgh
22d—Bombay, Chatham
23 d—Winchester

Reserve batt., Canada
24th—Bengal, Chatham
25th—Madras, Chatham
26th—Cork
27th—Glasgow
28th—Devonport
29th—Bengal, Chatham
30th—Manchester
31st—Athlone
32d—Bengal, Chatham
33d—Berwick
34th—Gibraltar, Boyle
35th—Mullingar

IMPORTANT NEWS FROM THE ARCTIC RE-
GIONS.-SAFETY OF SIR JOHN FRANKLIN.

The Truelove, whaler, Captain Parker, arrived at Hull
on Wednesday last, with 170 tons of oil, bringing unex-
pectedly gratifying intelligence with reference to Sir John
Franklin's expedition for the discovery of a north-west
passage. Capt. P. ascertained in the north seas that three
other. whalers which had entered Pond's Bay, had been
boarded by the natives, who (without being questioned)
drew a sketch of four ships, and, by signs and words
which were definable, stated that these four vessels were
frozen up in Prince Regent's Inlet,—two of them on the
west side of the inlet for four years, and the other two on
the east side, for one year. Upon receiving this informa-
tion, Captain Parker steered towards the inlet, with a
view to relieve the ice-bound prisoners. He accordingly
left his fishing ground in Scott's Bay on the 22nd July,
and a day or two afterwards fell in with the Advice, Capt.
Penny, who resolved to accompany him in his adventure.
Both these vessels were well fished at the time ; the True-
love having 145 tons of oil on board at the time, and the
Advice 140 tons. With such valuable cargoes, therefore,
the risk was very great to pursue a north-west passage in
search of the missing expedition. Captain Parker, how-
ever, felt that he would be disgraced if he did not do all
he could to rescue the brave men whose fate had caused
such anxiety in England. The two vessels proceeded. tn-,,
gether into Lancaster Sound, as far as Croker's say,
where their further progress was impeded by a solid body
of ice, stretching across Barrow's Straits, near Admiralty
Inlet, to the opposite north coast, and all attempts to go
further westward were unavailing. They were therefore
compelled to return, and to keep close in within the edge
of the sea. On the Bth August, Captain Parker landed a
cask of preserved meats at a point he thought most likely
to be within reach of the frozen.up crews belonging to the
expedition ; also 30 bags of coals. Near to this he erected
a high pole, and used such other means of attracting the
attention of persons within reasonable distance, as oc-
curred to him.
Having thus done all in his power to assist the missing
adventurers, Captain Parker returned to his fishing ground
which he reached on the 17th August, and arrived at
Hull, as before stated, on Wednesday. The Erebus and
her consort sailed early in the spring of 1845, and we be-
lieve intelligence of their welfare reached to the spring of
1846, since which not a particle of information as to their
position has been received. If there is any truth in the
telegraphic information respecting the ship of Sir John
Ross being also frozen in Prince Regent's Inlet, the is
still a further chance of their being ultimately saved, he
Enterprize sailed in the spring of 1848, with four6r five
years' provisions on board, which would be a saving clause
for the poor fellows. The discovery-ship the Fury was
frozen in Prince Regent's Inlet, and abandoned in 1825,
in about 72 deg. 50 min. north latitude, and 91 deg. 50
min. west longitude, when commanded by Sir E. Parry.

On the 28th ult., the parisioners of Ecton, near North-
ampton, presented their pastor, the Rev. John Swah:son,
M.A., son of Charles Swainson, Esq., of Cooper Hill, near
Preston, with a beautiful sacramental service of chaste
silver, together with a font, on his removal to the rectory
of Epperstone, Nottinghamshire.

firbe R,thrrpool gPtaitbarb.

TUESDAY MORNING, OCT. 9, 1849.

A WRITER in the Dubtia University Mayazine
directs attention to some very striking facts, hear-
ing upon the present agricultural condition of Ire-
land. One of the most unerring tests of the com-
mercial and industrial activity of any community
has always been found to he the amount of money
—currency—employed in conducting their ex-
changes of products. In addition to the direct ob-
jects for which the various banks of the country
are required to furnish weekly returns of their cir-
culation—viz. to keep a check upon their issues of
notes exceeding the amount of specie required to
be held to redeem such notes—these returns fur-
nish to the commercial man a measure of the
amount of the country's transactions. When a
large and prosperous business is doing—when cre-
dit is good, and markets elastic—the circulation of
the banks expands, to afford the required facilities
of exchange. When a contrary state of things oc-
curs, the circulation is decreased accordingly; and,
in periods of panic, to an extent and with a sud-
denness producing severe suffering and commer-
cial disaster.

The facts in question, which our contemporary
now brings before us, are connected with the cir-
culation of the sister country—lreland; and, to
understand their full force, it requires us to bear in
mind that the banking laws in that portion of the
kingdom are somewhat different from those which
govern us in England. Ireland has always had a
one-pound-note currency; and up to the year 1845
there existed no check, beyond the prudence of the
banker, with respect to the amount of the notes
issued by the banks, and the quantity of gold pro-
vided to redeem such notes. We were equally
without such legislative check in this country until
1845 ; but the lowest notes issued being £5, a
larger amount of " change" was required to be kept
on hand ; and hence,it is estimated that the Bank of
England generally held a third of the amount of its
circulation in gold. We have no precise information
as to the proportionate amount held by the Irish
banks; but as one pound notes were always pre-
ferred to sovereigns as " change," in that country,
the proportion would be less. In 1845, however—
we quote here from the article referred to—

"In 1845, however, a new law was enacted. By this
law a legislative restraint was imposed upon the issue of
bank-notes. An average was struck of the circulation of
each bank during the year, from the Ist of May,1844, to
the Ist of May, 1845. To the extent of that average,
called the certified circulation, each banker might still
issue notes at his own discretion, whether he held gold or
not, subject, of course, to the liability of being called on
for gold whenever the bearer of the note pleased. His
certified circulation he could only exceed to the amount of
specie he held in his coffers, with this additional restric-
tion, that he was not to issue against his silver specie to a
greater extent than one-fourth of his gold."
This certified circulation—the average of January,
1834-1835—enabled the banks in Ireland to issue
notes to the amount of L 6,354,494 ; and to increase
that circulation to the extent of the gold bullion
held by them, and a proportion of the silver bullion.
To the extent of this certified issue, therefore, Ire-
land was, to a great extent, exempted from the
effect of a drain of gold, such as that which so rui-
nously affected the monetary condition of Eng-
land in 1547, and from which we have scarcely yet
recovered. Let us see then what have been the
issues of the banks in Ireland during the past three
eventful years. We take a few dates shewing the
extreme fluctuations :

Total issues. Gold held. Silver held.
January, 1846.. £7,404,366 £2,221,944 £267,308
May, .. 7,422,080 2,177,633 321,310
August, r, 6,480,517 1,887,457 376,335
December, ,t .. 7,839,530 2,253,124 316,467

This month shows the issues at the highest point,
which will be accounted for when we remember the
large importations of food which were going on at
the time, and the public works, which were pro-
jected for the employment of the people. Follow-
ing this, we have through the whole of 1847 and
1848 an uninterrupted and gradual decline to the
11th August this year, when we find the total
issues of notes, £3,723,367 ; the gold held,
£1,046,066 ; and the silver, £641,708. The result
is briefly, that in December, 1846, currency was
circulating amongst the people of Ireland to the
amount of £7,839,530 ; and in August this year it
had diminished by four millions—viz. to £3,723,367.
Let us remember that this diminution denotes a
contraction of business and industrial operations to
little more than half of those carried on in 1834-35,
when the " certified issue," regulating the banking
law of Ireland, was taken ! Or, to quote the lan-
guage of our contemporary :

" These amounts represent the portions of money
which, at each period, all the members of society had in
their possession in bank-notes, for the purposes of ordi-
nary expenditure—the smaller operations of buying and
selling, the common arrangements of professional inter-
course, the payments of rent and taxes, the general dif-
bursements of life—all those various purposes which are
supplied by the money that men keep by them at home."
But there are two very striking features in the de-
cline, thus shewn, in the commercial and industrial
energy of the Irish people. In the first place, it
has been gradual. The country has been going
down the bill, since the beginning of 1847, step by
step, without a pause—without even the semblance
of rallying. There is no panic at work here. The
evil is in the gradual suspension of industry—the
slow melting away of income. Currency is not
circulated because there is nothing to base circula-
tion upon. A highly intelligent witness, Mr. Mu-
rray, the acting man-ger of the provincial Bank of
Ireland, was asked, liefore the secret committee on
commercial distrt--;s, in the Lords, in 1848—
"To what car do you attribute the great falling in
the issue ? is it Lo he altogether ascribed to the diminu-
tion of commercui transactions in Ireland."