The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-02-24 00:00:00

CONCLO SIONS.

"1. That as regards the safety, accommodation, and
convenience of the passengers, no decided preference is
due to eitber gauge, but that on the broad gauge the mo-
tion is generally more easy at high velocities.
" 2. That in respect of speed, we consider the advanta-
ges are with the broad gauge, but we think the public
safety would be endangered in employing the greater ca-
pabilities of the broad gauge much beyond their present
use, except on roads more consolid.ited, and more sub-
stantially and perfectly formed, than those of the existing
lines.

"3. That in the commercial case of the transport of
goods, we believe the narrow gauge to possess the greater
convenience, and to be more suited to the general traffic
of the country.
"4. That the broad gauge involves the greater outlay,
and that we have not been able to discover either in the
maintenance of way, in the cost of locomotive power, or
in the other annual expenses, any adequate reduction to
compensate for the additional first cost."

RECOMMENDATIONS.
"1. That the gauge of four feet eight inches and a-half
be declared by the legislature to be the gauge to be used
in all public railways now under construction, or hereafter
to be constructed, in Great Britain.
" 2. That unless by the consent of the legislature, it
should not be permitted to the directors of any railway
company to alter the gauge of such railway.
"3. That in order to complete the t ene ral chain of
narrow gauge communication fr,•m the north of England
to the southern coast, any suitable measure should be
promoted to form a narrow gauge link from Oxford to
Reading, and thence to Basingstoke, or by any shorter
route connecting the proposed Rugby and Oxford line
with the South-Western Railway.
"4. That as any junction to be formed with a broad
gauge line would involve a bre'ak of gauge, provided our
first recommendation be adopted, great commercial con-
venience would be obtained by reducing the gauge of the
present broad gauge lines to the narrow gauge of four
feet eight inches and a-half ; and we therefore think it
desirable that some equitable means should be found of
producing such entire uniformity of gauge, or of adopting
such other course as would admit of the narrow gauge
carriages passing, without interruption or danger, along
the broad gauge lines."

It will be seen from the above, that the commissioners,
while testifying to the superior speed and power of the
broad gauge, offer apparently no alternative, but that of
either assimilating it to the narrow gauge, unless, which
at the best is problematical, some other course be adopted,
" such as would admit of the narrow gauge carriages
passing,: without interruption or danger, along the broad
gauge lines." This, unless some mechanical contrivance,
hitherto unknown to locomotion, is introduced, may be
looked on as a furlorn hope, and likely to render the re-
commendation impracticable.

FORMATION OF JEWISH COLONIES IN
PALESTINE.

Colonel G. Gaulor, who justly considers himself " one
of the roost successful founders of the finest colony, in pro-
portion to its duration, that has ever yet appeared in the
world," recently published a highly interesting pamphlet
on the tranquillization of Syria and the East, by the t sta-
blishment of Jewish Colonies in Palestine," which has
been distributed among the highest authorities in this coun-
try, and has already excited much interest in behalf of
the wise and philanthropic object of the writer. A highly
favourable notice of that work, which appeared in "The
Voice of Jacob," a clever metropolitan publication of the
Anglo-Jewish periodical press, has called forth some ad-
ditional remarks on the subject, which appear in the co-
lumns of that paper, in the torm of a letter addressed to
the editor, from which (in the absence of the pamphlet
itself,) we abstract some of the leading facts and argu-
ments adduced in favour of the scheme.
The planting of Jewish colonies in Palestine, the
writer believes to be one of the most important political
objects of our day, and to those who, like himself, hold a
conviction that the revelation which Jews and Christians
equally revere, is indeed the words of the great Crea-
tor, he deems it unnecessary to apologize for enter-
taining such an opinion. That the human race ge-
nerally are in a lamentable state of degradation and mi-
sery no one of observation can doubt, or holding the
truth of the sacred volume, ought to doubt, but that the
Jews are the instruments appointed for raising the species
to its proper elevation; or that their exertions to be ef-
fectual should be directed from their ancient land. He
has held these opinions for twenty-five years, and is ready
to embrace every opportunity of giving them effect; and
there is, he urges a manifest preparedness of the times
for the commencement of it,—a voice, in providential
events, now speaking to the points at issue, through
three channels,—first, the immense vacuity which has
been formed in the population of Palestine; second,
through the breaking down everywhere of the harriers
which kept Gentiles in opposition to the Jews ; and
thirdly, through the raising of the Jewish nation, through-
out the world, to a sense of its proper standing and
duties. These are, he states, "great and sober facts."
The question is not as to the event—this evidently must
be—the vacuum is forming. the barriers are breaking
down, and go the Jewish people will; already too
many are rressing in, for safety under existing circum-
stances. The question therefore now is, as to the mode
by which the movement ?nay be brought about with the
least danger, and tie highest honour, to humanity."
Even the barrier of the Mohammedan power and pre-
judice is already gone. The governors of Constantinople
and Cairo see the immense advantages to their terri-
tories respectively from the. establishment of energe-
tic civilived colonies in Palestine ; and even if this measure
at a future day were to be followed by the establishment
of the whole Jewish nation in that country, Turkey and
Egypt would have reason to rejoice. " Turkey requires
a barrier against Egypt, and the elevation of the charac-
ter and habits of her population in the immense neigh-
bouring districts of Assyria and Asia Minor; and Egypt,
which would ever be prevented by European policy and
power from laying hold of Palestine, requires also fir her
population that stimulus to trade, commerce, and im-
provement, which Jews, in Palestine, would comma-
nicate."

In these remarks, our author refers not merely to
Russia Polish Jews, but the Hebrew nation at large, and
he points out the honour which the empire. of Russia
would do to his name, by allowing ap
furtherortton
ofthe
Jewish subjects to depart for Palestine, and their
journey and settlement as commercial and agricultural co-
lonists,—for it his in his experience that previous
oppo-
site habits of life do not unfit men for agricultural d
pastoral colonization, and is persuaded that an admirable
colony might be formed in Palestine of Jews from West-
ern Europe alone, if none others could be found to join it.
Our author here Punishes a highly interesting statis-
tical account of the rapid growth and prosperity of the
colony of Adelaide, in South Australia, of which he was,
neaer Providence, the successful founder ; which in two
years advanced from 4,000 to 15,000 inhabitants; and has
now, in the tenth year of its existence, attained a popula-
tion of 20,000 souls, with a vast extent of arable land,
and an immense live stock, is flourishing, without assist-
ance from the parent state, in a manner that excites the
wonder of all who consider it. He urges as a principle
of paramount importance "that the one great object, the
colonisation of Palestine by the Jews, should be most
honourably and exclusively upheld, unencumbered by any
other consideration." Whatever may be his connexion
with this movement, the movement itself. he thinks, must
and will go on ; and be will in no wise infringe upon any
doctrinal opinions, which are not common to himself and
the Jewish nation at large. There are, he has the hap-
piness to know, great principles of eternal truth upon
which they and he stand in perfect agreement. Upon
these he may sometimes glance in moderation, but not
beyond them in public or in private, and those of the
Hebrew nation who have been acquainted with his pro-
ceedings in South Australia, will, he trusts, do him the
justice to acknowledge that bad faith never formed a por-
tion of his public policy.
Copies of the pamphlet have been presented to the
Queen and Prince Albert, and from the gracious manner
in which they were received and acknowledged, our au-
thor hopes there exists on the throne of Great Britain a
spirit similar to that which, on an occasion of high im-
portance and glory to the Jewish nation, animated the
sovereign of these realms, the father of our sovereign, who
in an especial manner deserved the title of a " friend to
Israel."
It was now time to work by further measures, one of
which ought to be a formal movement amongst the Jews
themselves, showing that they are ready to coalesce with
Gentiles in their efforts to promote the object in view.
He calls upon them, therefore, to come forward with the
formal evidence of Jewish names in support of addresses
in advocacy of the object of the forreiation of a Jewish co-
lony in Palestine, to the throne, to the government, or to
the legi,lature.
At the close of his letter, Colonel Gawlor quotes a
pamphlet, published last year, by Mr. Barker, son of, and
formerly secretary to the Consul General of Egypt, as an
inducement to the Hebrew nation to be up and doing.
Mr. Barker says :-- " During the last two years, numer-
ous European families have settled in Syria as well as in
Greece. Schools are being established ; medical men have
been sent out ; inns have been opened ; and the intelligent
European is everywhere welcomed as a friend and p!otee-
tor. This is a happy change ; it is delightful to contem-
plate; and I trust that the time is not far distant, when
our countrymen, who are known to be the best colonizers
in the world, will follow the example of the French and to
Germans, and take up their abode on the shores of this en-
chanting and luxuriant territory. Were I to write vo-
lumes, it is impossible I could give anything like an ade-
quate idea of the riches and beauty of this terrestial Para-
dise."
Col. G. remarks on this passage, that surely such prac-
tical views in reference to a country from which, as a cen-
tral point, the blessings of civilization might be expected
to radiate through the degraded East, are certainly, in
these times,.loud appeals upon public attention ; and he
laments that when the object is so inviting to Gentile
eyes and desires, Jewish pens should propose Ihe forma-
tion of Jewish colonies in " America, Australia, or the
Islands of the Southern Sea."
The letter is followed by a mass of " practical details"
for the colonization in question, including valuable sug-
gestions on localities, security, numbers for each colony,
government and laws, general description of the settlers,
and bf the mode of their location ; the distribution of
land to settlers by rental, financial regulations, &c.
These suggestions appear to be well digestei and feasible ;
but we have not space to particularise. It is stated in
the extract that " an immense proportion of the land in
Palistine lies waste and unprofitable."
The conclusion to which we are led by this rapid review
of Colonel Gawlor's scheme is, that it is not only prac-
ticable and highly desirable, but that if Great Britain,so by
herself, or in conjunction with other governments,fehnZ
undertake the object in question, - 'cone ,
pioneer and auxiliary in the work of
a colonizationmoreeze
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