The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-09-08 00:00:00

"REMEMBER THE POOR."

Where! In every place

When! Every day of your

1. When you eat a good dinner—lie down on your feather
bed—enjoy your parlour ease—ride into the country—and
when you pray—remember the privations of the poor, and
be determined to deny yourself, in order to afford them re-
lief, and to better their condition.

2. When you go into the pantry, remember the poor, and
look if there be not some cold meat, a little bacon, butter,
bread, or milk, which you can spare, and which would rejoice
the hearts of many a hungry family.

3. When you look through your drawers and wardrcibes,
remember the poor and see if you cannot pick up a shirt, a
waistcoat, a coat, a pair of stockings, a flannel singlet, or
some other useful article, wherewith to assist in clothing the
naked.

4. When you go to a sale, remember the poor, and think
if there be not a few chairs, a pan, a bedstead, a loom, or
something else that you could by cheap, in order to help some
destitute family, whose house has been broken up through

poverty.
5. When you have a horse standing idle, remember the
poor, and consider whether it might not be employed in
fetching coals for some poor fatherless family, or riding out
those who are sick and almost dying for want of fresh air.
6. When your garden brings forth abundantly, remember
send them some potatoes, cabbages, onions,
or anything you have to spare.
7. When you are regulating your cellars and lumber places,
remember the poor, and instead of selling your useless things
for a mere trifle, order all your old iron, brass, lead, spoons,
pans, umbrellas, broken glass, physic bottles, skins, and
rags, to be collected and given to some poor person who will
make them into money.
8. When you are perambulating the back streets, or when
ou have a little time to spare, remember the poor, and step
'lto their cellars and cottages, and see how they live and
- enquire into their earnings and the general state of
their families. Unless you do this you will be in great dan-
-er of ol:getting the poor.
When you take

the poor, and
appl

stock and find you have had a prospe-
rous year, remember the poor, and lay out a good round sum
to give away, like a good steward of God.
it is the poor, not the rich, you are to remember

-Live-

sey's Letter Lining

The scarlet fever has broken out in Montgomery, and
se-
veral children have fallen victims to this malignant di e.
VALUE or THE B BLE.—Tho little boys decently clothed,
the oldest appearing about thirteen and the younger eleven,
called at the lodging-house for vagrants, in Warrington, for
a night's lodging ; the keeper of the house very properly
took them to the vagrant's office to be examined, and, if
objects to be relieved. It appears that but a few
s had elapsed since these poor little wanderers had re-
their parents in London. The typhus fever,
carried off both father and mother,
n a wide world, without home and with-
liately after the last tribute had been
; memory, having an uncle in Liverpool,
is they were, they resolved to go and
ma his protection. Tired therefore, and

paid to their parent's

POWELL BUXTON'S NIGER EXPEDITION EX-

POSED.
An appeal to the People and Government of Great Britain
against the Niger Expedition : a Letter addressed to the
Right Honorable Lord John Russell. By Robert Jamie-
son, Esq.

(From the Colonial Gazette)

This small publication is full of important matter. It is an
appeal to the colonial minister, entreating him not to destroy
a growing branch of our commerce by promoting an under-
taking which professedly contemplates the regeneration of
Africa, but which can only serve to involve this country in
relations at once ludicrous and expensive, and to increase the
means of government jobbing. It is an appeal to which that
minister has turned a deaf ear, and which is therefore now
made in last resort to the nation at large.
Mr. Jamieson examines the grounds upon which the parlia-
mentary grant of £61,000 to meet the outfit and expences of
the Niger expedition is vindicated by Sir Fowell Buxton and
his " Society for effecting the Extinction of the Slave-trade
and for promoting the Civilisation of Africa." These grounds,
as recapitulated by Mr. Jamieson from Sir Fowell's book are
briefly—

" Pirst, the success, such as it is, which has attended the
colony of Sierra Leone, and the benefits which might result
to Africa, it the experiment' were `tried on a larger scale'
on the banks of the Niger : and,
" Secondly, the necessity. of suppressing the slave-traffic i
the Bights of Benin and Biafra ; from whence, it is repre-
sented, there is, to the exclusion of legitimate commerce, an
export of 140,000 slaves annually.
The former of these grounds Mr. Jamieson disposes of
briefly and conclusively as follows—

" Now, it is not needful for us to speak of the glimmer
of civilization' here alluded to. Neither shall we here al-
lude to the agricultural advancement of the colony, further
than to request the reader's attention to the facts. That of
the paltry amount of its total annual exports to all quarters,
shown in the official table subsequently referred to, only to
the value of £4,577 can be considered as the production of
the soil from labour : that the article of cotton wool (though
one so easy of production) is not once therein named : that
honourable mention is made of coffee as an article of export,
to the amount of i.E2O sterling: that sugar is therein men-
tioned as an artic e of import, to the amount of £500: and
that tobacco and rum are also found among the articles im-
ported, to the extent of £3,500 and 41,800 respectively ;
and all this with a soil, as shown in the appendix, suitable
for every tropical production, and labour at 31d. to 4d. per
diem. Great encouragement, truly, for a further and en-
larged trial of the experiment' elsewhere.
" But we shall endeavour to show what that ' large pro-
portion of African commerce' really is, ' which has taken
refuge, as it were, in a spot so inconvenient.'
" By official tables laid before Parliament, and printed
last year, it appears, that the total amount of exports from
Sierra Leone to all quarters in 1836 (the latest table given)
were as follows—

" In ginger, pepper, arrowroot, rice, coffee, (the
last to the extent of £2O sterling,) to the value
of
" In camwood, plank, gum, hides, ox-horns,
ivory, bees'-wax, &c., to the value of 7,127
" In palm-oil, not produced.in the colony, though
shipped there, but from distant parts of the
coast
" In timber, not procured in the colony, though
cleared at its Customhouse

" Such are the retuns from commerce to Sierra Leone.
And if such be the result after fifty years' fostering care of
philanthropists, and the expenditure of millions of public
money, what are we to expect from a trial elsewhere of ' the
experiment on a large scale?' "
Turning to the second ground, the assumption that there
exists an " exclusion of legitimate commerce" from the
Niger is shown to be unfounded.

"And first, as to the exclusion of legitimate commerce,
let us take a look at the actual trade to that river, the Niger,
on which we are told ' none is found.' This river, we need
hardly state, is now known to flow into the Atlantic, by its
several mouths in the Bight of Biafra ; and it may be readily
ascertained, by reference to the Custom-house books of Liver-
pool, that the import of palm oil from the west coast of Africa
(nine-tenths of it being from the Bight of Biafra) into Liver-
pool alone, in 1836, the year above named in reference to
Sierra Leone, was 9,783 tons, and in 1839, 14,126 tons ; be-
sides ivory and other commodities to a large amount, the
quantities and values of which are not so easily ascertainable.
To say nothing of these last, however, the value of this oil
is, at the present price of the article, about half a million
sterling, procured in exchange almost exclusively for British
manufactures ; and of this oil three fourths at least (or to
the value of about £350,000) are produced and manufactured
on the Niger, and shipped from its delta. Such is the legiti-
mate trade of a river, on which the projectors of an expedition
to it believe and tell us ' none is found a trade which took
its rise from the date of the abolition of the slave traffic by
'England, but which has made its principal advancement ix
the last twenty years ; a trade with England, the formation
of which has not cost Government a shilling, though now
giving employment to from 12,000 to 15,000 tons of British
shipping annually, from the port of Liverpool only."
The allegation that 140,000 slaves are annually exported
from the Bights of Benin and Biafra is next proved to be
untrue. Mr. Jamieson shows, in the first place, that the as-
sertion rests upon insufficient evidence ; and he produces, in
the second place, satisfactory evidence to show that it is im-
possible.
" Again, in reference to the other allegation, that there is
an causal export of slaves from these parts, to the extent of
140,000 annually—the correctness of which we deny—we re-
quest attention to the following extracts of letters on which
that allegation is founded, and which we find in The Slave
Trade, addressed to the author of that book by Governor
M`Lean, of Cape Coast Castle. The first bears date the 11th
of June, 1838, and was written during Governor M`Lean's
visit to this country ; the other is dated from Cape Coast,
in October, of the same year, upon his return to Africa.
" ' June 1838.—1 n compliance with your wishes, I beg
leave to state to you, in this form, what I have already men-
tioned to you verbally, namely, that in the year 1834 I have
every reason to believe that the number of slaves carried off
from the Bights of Benin and Biafra amounted to 140,000.
I have not beside me the particular data whereon I ground
this calculation ; but 1 can state generally, that I founded it
upon the number of slave vessels which actually passed the
forts on the Gold Coast during that year, and of those others
of whose presence on the coast I had certain information
from her Majesty's cruisers or otherwise.'
" October 1838.—Slavers have continued to pass the
forts, some of them, as usual, stopping here. From various
inquiries that I have made, and by collecting my information,
as received from several sources, I can state as a fact that
there are at this moment on the coast two hundred slave-ships,
all under Portuguese colours.'
" Now, we beg it may be particularly noticed, that the
former of these letters speaks of the Slave• trade in ' the
Bights of Benin and Biafra' in 1834, while the letter speaks
of it ' upon the coast' in 1838. It is necessary particularly
to note this, because, from overlooking this circumstance,
the projectors of the Niger Expedition appear to have fallen
into the grand mistake of assuming that the Slave-trade still
continues in the Bights in question, to at least as great an
extent as in 1834. And accordingly, upon this assumption,
the following statement is given in The Slave Trade, p. 52, of
the annual export of slaves from all parts of Africa, namely,
" From the south-eastern coast 15,000
From Angola, &c 22,929
Prom the Ports to the northward of
Cape Coast

74,929 say 75,000
Given by Mr. M`Lean for the exports from
the Bights of Benin and Biafra.... 140,000

215,000

Now, supposing each• vessel to carry on the average 400
slaves, and to procure her cargo on the average in two
months, the quota here alleged to have been supplied by the
Bights of Benin and Biafra, would have required a succes-
sion of not less than 60 slave-ships continuously kept up, or
the arrival and departure of 360 ships within the year, upon
a range of about 500 miles of coast constantly traversed by
our cruisers ! The thing seems in itself incredible !
" But however this may have been in 1834, we are pre-
pared to show, by the testimony of respectable men, com-
manders and supercargoes of vessels trading to the coast—
testimony, the correctness of which we presume may any day
be satisfactorily ascertained at the Admiralty, by reference to
the log-books of our cruisers on the coast—that a great and
important change has taken place in 1838-9. From such
testimony procured in writing, now lying before us, we select
the following—

" TO ROBERT JAMIESON, ESQ,
" Liverpool, 16th July, 1840.
" Sir—Being on the point of sailing for Africa, I, at your
request, state in writing, what I have already mentioned in
your hearing, that I was in Bonny last voyage, from the
month of October 1839, to the month of March, this year,
during which time there was but one slave-vessel there.
" ' That I was likewise in that river in 1838, from four to
five months, during which time there was only one slaver
there; and that it is my opinion the export of slaves from
Bonny River is at an end, if the same watchfulness be shown
by her Majesty's cruisers as at present.
" ' I remain, Sir, your most obedient servant,
" PETER DOUGLAS, commanding the barque Brutus.'
_ " Liverpool, 22d July 1840.

" ' Sir, I now state in writing, what I have before stated
to you verbally, namely, that I was in command of the
barque Boddington, of Liverpool, in the Old Calabar River,
Africa, from the 23d of February to the 21st of September,
1839, and that the only vessels that were engaged in the
slave-trade in the river, during that time, were two small
schooners, from Prince's Island, owned by a man of colour
at Prince's, both of which were taken by her Majesty's
cruizers shortly after leaving the river ; and I firmly believe
that the slave-trade is entirely at an end in Old Calabar, and
will continue so, if the same vigilance is kept up by the
same class of her Majesty's cruisers on that station ; for the
men-of-war have such easy communication with the river
from Fernando Po, that it is quite impossible for a slaver to
escape from Calabar if vigilantly looked after.
" These facts lam ready to give my solemn declaration
to before a magistrate, if required.—l am, Sir, your obedient,
humble servant, _ " • W. Moss.'
• • -Liverpool, 23d July, 1810.
44 In reply to your inquiry, 1 beg to inform you, that I
was with the barque Chatham and schooner Killermont at
Cameroons, from the 10th of April to the lattar end of No-
vember, 1839, and that during that time there was no slave
vessel there or in the neighbourhood, with the exception of a
small schooner, belonging to the Island of Prince's, and
manned by blacks. She might carry about twenty slaves ;
but left, after remaining three months, without obtaining one.
I was likewise at Cameroons in the Strathmore and Killer-
mont for four months, in the year 1838, and there was no
slaver there then, nor had been for a considerable time pre-
viously.
" This I am ready solemnly to declare before any Ma-
gistrate, if required ; and it is my firm belief, that the Slave-
trade on that part of the coast is entirely extinguished, should
our cruisers continue to keep as bright a look out as they
have done.
I remain your very obedient servant.
" ' JOHN DICK, late ?,I,asutevreorpf
othoel,blaBrtqhu
jeuClyh.atlhBa4tou."
" ' At your wish I now state on paper what I had before
done in your presence verbally,
namely, that I was lying in
and off the river Benin, or Formosa, from the middle of De-
cember 1839 to the 22d of March 1840, during which time no
slave-vessel was there, with the one following exception.
"' In the month of February last, a Brazilian brig, the
Santa la Rosa, came to anchor off the bar, sent in her cargo
by boats, with a supercargo and three men, to form, it was
believed, a slave factory on the river. Soon after (the brig
having left the mouth of the river) the whole of these men
were massacred, and the property plundered by the natives,
with, it was believed, the sanction of one of their principal

" On a former voyage, in the early part of 1839, was both
at Bonny and Benina ; saw no slaves whatever, neither did I
on the passage home.

" These facts I am ready and willing solemnly to declare
before a Magistrate,: if required.
eldo
Tusor:, brig Satisfaction.'
" Here, then, is proof of the actual state of matters in re-
lation to the Slave-trade at the present time at Bonny, Old
Calabar, and Cameroon', formerly the great slave-marts of
the Bight of Biafra, as well as at Benin in the adjoining
Bight. We request for it attentive perusal; and, we ask,
will the commercial community, will the public generally,
believe, after reading this testimony, that the Bights of
Benin and Biafra continue to send away 140,000 slaves ats-
nuaelly ? The assumption is a mistake, and akin to that
which we have just exposed in the alleged total absence of
legitimate commerce from the same quarters.
" The fact is, that in his anxiety to show so great an ex-
port of slaves from the Bights of Benin and Biafra, the

Writer of The Slave Trade seems to have overlooked the
withdrawal of the traffic to another part of the coast ;
namely, the South-western, embracing the Portuguese pos-
sessions of Angola and Benguela, and the countries of
Congo and Loango immediately to the Northward of these,
as likewise the South-eastern coast. Here, be it observed,
up to a very late period, our cruisers had no powers to cap-
ture slave vessels under the Portuguese flag, whereas they
had powers of capture on the Northern coast ; and the dis-
tance to and from Brazil is short, and the voyage easily and
speedily performed."

EXTRAORDINARY EVIDENCE OF A ROMISH

PRIEST.
(Front the Standard.)

In the late remarkable trial of Hearne v. Stowell, the fol
lowing astounding piece of evidence was given :

" The Rev. James Crooke examined.—l am a Roman Ca-
tholic priest, and senior of St. Augustine's Chapel, in Man-
chester.

" Are there not many instances where persons who in-
flicted penance on themselves have been held by your church
as objects of admiration ?—That is matter of ecclesiastical
history, upon which all may form whatever opinions they
please. I know of no such instances.
I ask the question again, as matter of fact, have not per-
sons who inflicted extraordinary penances on themselves
been canonised by your church, and, of course, held up as
objects of admiration ?
" Mr. Wighttnan.—Speak as to your own knowledge ; do
you know of any such persons ?_ . .

" Witness in C! ontin ation. —I certainly never knew of any
such instances.

" I ask again, have not those who inflicted severe penances
on themselves been canonised by your church ?—I say again
that I know nothing of such things of my own knowledge.
" Do you not know that clergymen of your own church
hold up such persons to admiration ?—I hare no distinct re-
collection of any instance of the kind.
" I ask you again, is it not the case ?—I know nothing of
it myself.'

Now against this, without a word of comment, we shall
merely place the following extracts, not from any individual
writer of the Romish Church, but from " nit ROMAN
BREVIARY, restored according to the decree of the moat
holy Council of Trent; and published by command of the
chief pontiff, St. Pius V., and recognised by Pops Clement
VIII. and Pope Urban VIII."
In this Breviary, the authorised formulary of the Romish
Church, the following Saints are commemorated :
" Sr. FIDELIS.—Amidst austere fasts, watchings, and fla-
gellations, pursuing himself with a salutary hatred ; he
showed towards others the love that a mother displays to-
wards her sons.

" ST. MARY MAGDELEN DE PAZZI.—She tortured her
body with hair-cloth, whippings, cold, hunger, watchings,
nakedness, and all kinds of punishments.
" ST. ANTHONY, BISHOP AND CONFESSOR.—He laid
down to rest upon the ground on the naked boards ; and al-
ways wearing hair-cloth, and sometimes girded with an iron
chain next to his skin ; he always completely preserved his
virginity.
" ST. JULIANA.—She was wont to bruize her body with
scourges, knotted little ropes, iron girdles, watchings, and
sleeping on the naked ground. She partook very sparingly
of food, and that a vile sort, four days of the week ; on the
other two she was content with only angel's food; the Sun-
day was exempted, on which she was nourished on bread and
water only.

" ST. JEROME EMILIAN.—In a mountain, which is close
to -, having discovered a cave, he hid himself in it ; where,
beating himself with whips, and passing whole days fasting,
prayer being protracted far into the night, and enjoying a
short sleep upon the naked rock, he paid the penalties of his
own faults and those of others.

" ST. IGNATIUS THE CONFESSOR.—He passed a year sub-
duing his flesh by a rough chain and hair cloth, laying on the
ground, and blooding himself with iron whips.

" ST. CAJETAN THE CONFESSOR.—He sometimes afflicted
his body by beatings whole nights. and he never would be
persuaded to relax the asperity of his life, witnessing that he
desired to die in ashes and sackcloth.

" ST. Nicolas.—Subduing his body with a rough gar-
ment, stripes, and an iron ehain.

. . ,
" ST. JOSEPH, A CUPERTINE.—HC afflicted his body with
hair-cloth, with whips, with chains; in short, with every
kind of hardship and punishment.
" ST. FRANCIS BORGIA, CONFESSOR.—In that pursuit of
a stricter mode of life Francis reduced his body`to a state of
extreme thinness, by fastings, by iron chains, by a very rough
hair-cloth, by bloody and long beatings, and by very short
sleep.

" ST. THERESA.—She burned with so anxious a desire of
chastising her body, that although the diseases with which
she was afflicted might have dissuaded her from it, she often
tortured her body with hair-cloth, chains, handfulls of net-
tles, and other very sharp scourges, and sometimes she would
roll among the thorns ; being accustomed thus to address
God,. ' 0 Lord, be it my lot to suffer, or to die.'
" ST. PETER OF ALCANTARA.—He brought his body into
bondage by perpetual watchings, fastings, scourges, cold,
nakedness, and all kinds of hardships, having entered into a
compact with it to allow it no rest in this world.

" ST..JOHN CANTIUS.—His sleep was little, and upon the
ground; his garment covered his nakedness, his food just
warded off death ; he preserved his virgin purity, like a lily
among the thorns, by a rough hair-cloth, by scourges, and by
fastings.
" ST. CHARLES, BISHOP AND CONFESSOR.—In the mean-
time approaching as a reconciler with most humble prayers,
a pubiic supplication having been appointed, with a rope tied
to his neck, and his naked feet also made bloody, carrying a
cross, and offering himself as a victim, he strove to avert the
Divine indignation.

" InIDENL—He subdued his body by nightly watchings,
by rough hair-cloth, and by continual scourgings.
" ST. GERTRUDE.—In order that she might have more
leisure for God, she afflicted her body with watching, absti-
nence, and other torments.

" Sr. JOHN OF THE CROSS.—Having declared war against
himself, as against a most inveterate enemy, he in a short
time crucified the flesh with its vices and concupiscence. by
watchings, fastings, iron scourges, and all kinds of punish-
ments.

" OFFICE OF ST. LOUIS BEItTRAND, CONFESSOR.-
Subduing his flesh by fastings, scourgings, hair-cloth, and
watchings, he nourished his mind with the food of continual
prayer.

"Sr. FRANCIS XAvuen.—He was so infuriated against
himself with iron scourges that he was frequently covered
with blood.

" ST. CANUTE THE. FOURTH, KING AND MARTYR.-118
chastised his body with fastings, hair-cloth, and scourges.

" ST. FRANctscA.—She continually strove to subjugate
her body by watchings, fastings, hair-cloth, an iron girdle,
and frequent scourgings.
" ST. ROSA, OF LlMA.—Having assumed the habit of the
tertian order of St. Dominick, she doubled the former auste-
rities of her life; she interwove small needles in an oblong
and very rough hair-cloth ; she wore by day and by night,
under her veil, a crown armed with numerous little sharp
points. Treading in the arduous footsteps of St. Catherine,
she bound her loins with an iron chain thrice wound round
her ; she made for herself a bed of knotty pieces of wood,
and she filled the open seams with fragments of earthen ves-
sels ; she constructed for herself a very narrow cell in an ex-
treme corner of the garden, where, abandoned to heavenly
contemplation, she fearlessly overthrew and subdued, victori-
ous in manifold contests, the spirits of devils, extenuating
her body with frequent discipline, with abstinence, and with
watchings, but nourished by the Spirit."
Obviously we have no choice but to believe one of two
things—either that " the senior priest of St. " Augustine's
Chapel in Manchester" had " no distinct recollection" of
the Roman Breviary ;—that is, of the Common Prayer Book
of his own Church ; or else—that he swore falsely !

WHAT MAKES WEST INDIA SUGAR SO DEAR ?

(From the Colonial Gazette.)

An able writer in the Anti-Slavery Reporter would save
himself a vast deal of trouble by taking that of mastering one
or two of the first principles of political economy. His object
is to show that " the great experiment " has failed thus far,
because the present enormous price of West India sugar in
the British market is owing, not to any increase in the cost
of production, but entirely to a change in the proportion be-
tween the demand and the supply. His argument, which we
have not space to restate at any length, is briefly as follows :
The labour of freemen is cheaper, or more productive in
proportion to its cost, than that of slaves. The West India
planter, therefore, produces sugar at less cost than hereto-
fore, and could afford to sell cheaper than in the time of sla-
very. But he has a monopoly of the British market ; and
the supply having become less or the demand greater—is able
to exact a price as much exceeding the cost of production as
the demand exceeds the supply. His profit must be very
great. This great profit must encourage production ; and in
time the price will fall to the remunerating point, when the
success of emancipation will be obvious to all. The best way
to bring down the price will be to admit sugar, the produce
of free labour in the East Indies or elsewhere, to an equal
competition with West India sugar in the British market.
This writer, to have been consistent, should have further
proposed the admission of slave-grown sugar on equal terms
with that produced by free labour. If the cost of production
is less in the West Indies than in Brazil or Cuba, what me-
thod so effectual of showing the utility of emancipation as an
equal competition between free-labour sugar and slave-labour
sugar, in which the former would drive the latter out of the
market ? But no ; the abolitionists here are as little disposed
as the planters of the West Indies to admit slave-grown sugar
to the British market. And why ? They can have no other
reason than a fear lest the produce of slave-labour should
prove the cheaper of the two, and all their prophecies of " the
great experiment" be signally falsified. This is the incon-
sistency of the writer in question. He has no confidence in
the soundness of his argument. Arid indeed its intrinsic
fallacy will be made plain by a very slight examinaiton.
We will admit, not merely for argument's sake, but be-
cause we sincerely believe it, that the hired labour of free-
men costs less. man for man, than that of slaves—that, all
things considered, the cost of production is less when the la-
bourers are free and paid for their work, than when they are
enslaved and flogged to make them work. But now, in order
to illustrate the subject by an extreme case, let us imagine a
country in which the head of every family is a proprietor of
land working by himself on his own account. In that case
the superior productiveness of hired labour would be an idle
abstraction, since there would be no labour for hire. This
is more or less the actual case of every country in which land
is extremely cheap. The scarcity of labour for hire prevents
the combination of many hands in each employment, and also
the division of employments ; so that, the productiveness of
labour being at the minimum, there is little or no surplus
produce over what maintains each separate family. Such is,
though in various degrees, the condition of every one of our
West India colonies. Labour for hire, whether cheap or
dear, is extremely scarce; the only present means of
production, whatever the cost, is insufficient to produce
the old quantity of sugar; and therefore, the demand
being the same in a monopolized market, the price
becomes exorbitant. The cheapness or dearness of la-
bour for hire has nothing to do with the question : it is a
case of diminished supply by reason of the difficulty of hiring
labour at any price. This view of the subject agrees with the
facts, which that of the Anti-Slavery Reporter does not. He
cannot deny that the supply has decreased, notwithstanding
cheaper production, which should have inevitably occasioned
an increase of produce. And in order to reconcile this de-
crease with the greater cheapne of prOduction, he is obliged
to suppose, what is wholly contrary to the truth, that the
struggling planters of the West Indies are making enormous
profits. We must repeat, therefore, that whatever the cost
of production, the industry of the West Indies cannot at pre-
sent compete on equal terms with that of slave countries :
The planters still raise sugar because their monopoly of the
British market enables them to obtain a remunerating price
notwithstanding the scarcity at any cost of labour for hire :
no bounty, no sugar. When will the abolitionists condescend
to inquire into the influence of the price of land on the pro-
ductiveness of industry ?

THE QUEEN DOWAGER.—It is quite true that the excel
lent Queen Adelaide has decided to become for some time ;
resident in Derbyshire. Sudbury Hall is certainly taken for
her majesty's occupancy, and her majesty will enter upon her
tenure on the 15th of September next. Workmen are busily
employed on the premises, and orders to various manufac-
turers and tradesmen in the country are already given. The
china will be supplied from the celebrated manufactory at
Derby. Sudbury Hall is the property of Lord Vernon, and
was built about the 17th century. The building is of red
brick, intermixed with those of a darker colour, and, though
not large, is well proportioned, and has two small wings. A
good gallery runs through the house.—Chesterfield Courier.

STEAM FIRE-SNIPS

(From the Inventor's Advocate.)

'We trust, it seems, go abroad to find out; the wonderful
things which we have been doing at home; therefore, we take
from a Brussels paper, the Fanal, the following account of
some terrible steam fire-ships which it appears are in readi-
ness in our ports to launch destruction against any enemy
that may appear against Great Britain. The account is stated
to have been supplied by an engineer, who is well acquainted
with the preparations which we have in reserve for the first
maritime warfare. We give it without in the least degree
vouching for the correctness of the foreign engineer's state-,
ments :

" Among the formidable war engines which are preparing
at Woolwich, I know of none more terrible than the steam
tire-ship, which, like the Infernal, throws a jet of tire as far
as the most powerful fire-engines throw a jet of water. These
fire-ships have also two conical-shaped tubes ; bound
round with hoops like a cask : these cones are attached to
the two sides of a plank of fir from 80 to 90 feet long ; on
this kind of raft is placed one of those old steam-engines of
from six to fifteen horse power which can be purchased in
any quantity for the price of old iron! and on the fore part
is placed a single Paixhan cannon, loaded to the muzzle.
This machine is intended to be launched in the night with all
the rapidity it is capable of, against the sides of the enemy's
ships. The iron point of the plank will strike into the ship,
and the concussion will fire the cannon, which will make an
enormons hole below the water mark, which will immediately
sink the ship. The peculiarity of these fire-ships is, that if
they fail to strike the ship against which they aro directed,
they continue their course in a straight line, and a steam-ship
may be sent to bring them back; to be launched forth again
after having a fresh supply offuel.
. _

" A hundred of these machines will be sufficient to destroy
a hundred men of war of the ordinary construction, which
would be unable to escape from their destructive powers:
They do not cost more than from 8000 to 10,000 frs. They
are called sea-javeline. You may depend upon it, that mari-
time warfare will henceforth be completely changed ; that
steam will be the great agent now, and that battles will be
fought by steam engines. The people who possess the great-
est number, and who are most ingenious, will possess pre-
eminence at sea and on land during war, as they now do in
time of peace. Is it not a shame that our government do not
become aware of the necessity of encouraging mechanical
studies nntil they are forced to admit it by the conflagration
of their shipping and the destruction of their armies ; and
that they do not acknowledge, as they ought to do, that an
ingenious mechanical philosopher is of more use to his country
than all the orators in the world ?"
In another number of the same paper, we find also the fol-
lowing notice of the Infernal: " There is now fitting out with
the greatest secrecy, in the arsenal of Woolwich, a steam-ship
which will be alone enabled to set tire to a whole fleet. This
ship is rendered completely ball-proof by thick bulwarks of
wood. It has no paddle-wheels, but is moved by an Archi-
medes screw under the water. It is furnished with four high-
pressure boilers filled with a wildfire composition, consisting
of naphtha, tar, grease, &c., intended to be thrown by power-
ful force pumps through red hot tubes. This mixture, thus
heated as it is poured out, will inflame in the air, and fall like
a rain of extinguishable fire on the sails, the rigging, and men
of the enemy's ships. When becalmed, an entire fleet might
be destroyed in less than half an hour by the hifernal. All
maritime warfare will, henceforth, be conducted by steam-
ships, and by means of the terrible engines which science has
invented during the last twenty-five years. The ordinary
line, of battle ships will only be of use as floating magazines
to convey coals and combustibles ; they will be the store ships
of the steam-boats, and nothing more."

The poor-law guardians of Cork have resolved to admit the
press, in spite of the commisioners.
Fanny Eisler is so satisfied with her reception among the
Americans that she has determined to break all European
engagements for a year at least, in which period she will have
received upwards of £lO,OOO.
NOT IN HASTE.—A clergyman in the north, very homely
in his address, chose for his text a passage in the Psalms, "I
said in my haste, all men are liars." " Ay," premised his
reverence, by way of introduction, " ye said it in your
haste, David, did ye ?—gin ye had been here, ye micht hae
said it at your leisure, my mon."
A correspondent of the Essex Herald suggests that a se-
curity for travellers on railways night be contrived by an act
of Parliament, compelling two of the directors in rotation to
go with every train, seats being provided exclusively for
them immediately behind the engine.
A traveller stopped at an inn to breakfast, and having
drank a cup of what was given him, the servant asked, what
will you have, tea or coffee ? To which the traveller an-
swered, " That depends upon circumstances. If what you
gave was tea, I want coffee. If it was coffee, I want tea.
I want a change."
A labouring man, named Hunter, residing at Folkstone,
who had been long notorious in the neighbourhood for hand-
ling vipers and snakes, and even caressing them with impu-
nity, met with the consequences of his dangerous ostenta-
tion on Friday, having been bitten to death by a viper. He
expired in two hours from the time of receiving the bite.
GANNAL'S PROCESS FOR EMBALMING.-2.68 lb. troy of
dry sulphate of alumina are dissolved in 88 (or rather more
than three-quarters of a pint) of hot water. Five or six
pints of a solution made after these proportions are to be
injected into all the vessels of the body to be embalmed. To
prevent the attack of insects, it is proper to add 15'43 grains
of chloride of copper to every 2.68 lbs. troy of sulphate of
alumina, or 7714 grains of arsenic.
Hors.—We can report scarcely any change in the hops
since our last. The warm weather has certainly improved
those which were previously doing well. There is one ground
in the parish of Blean, which is calculated to produce from 12
to 15 cwt. per acre. In a planter's grounds which produced
last year several tons of hops, there will barely be as many
hundred weight picked. The duty may be quoted at £30,000.
—Kentish Gazette.

STEAM NAVIGATION IN AUSTRALIA.—The steam-ship
" Sea-Horse," of 250-horse power, sailed from Gravesend
on Thursday morning for Sydney. This vessel is intended
to ply between the various ports in the Australian Colonies,
for which purpose, from her build and great power, she is
eminently qualified. The Sea-Horse is admitted to be one
of the finest steam-ships which has been seen in the port of
London, and is valued at upwards of £30,000. Her cabins
and saloon were full of passengers, and she takes out, a valu-
able cargo.

LIABILITY OF LODGERS TO SERVE ON CORONERS'
Junizs.—At an inquest held on Friday last, before Mr. Wak-
ley, M.P., in the parish of Marylebone, a person claimed ex-
emption to serve on the jury on the ground that he was a
lodger. Mr. Wakley said the claim must be allowed. Ano-
ther person—l too, sir, am only a lodger. Mr. Wakley—
to what extent? Claimant—l occupy the lower part of a
house. Mr. Wakley—Do you pay rent for your lodgings to
the amount of XlO ? Claimant-1 do. Mr. Wakley—That
gives you a right to vote for members of parliament, and the
reform act having given you that power, has virtually made
you a housekeeper. You must serve.
CAPTURE OF A SEA MONSTER,--The inhabitants living
in the vicinity of the Old Quay at Lancaster, were thrown
into an unwonted state of activity. and excitement, early on
Sunday morning last, by the vagaries of a large sea monster,
which was jumping about and spoutinglarge jets of water in
the river Lune, a little below the Old Bridge. As soon as it
got sufficiently light, all who could lay their hands on a gun
were firing away as fast as they could get reloaded, and the
owners of boats, armed with harpoons, lances, and scythes,
were lying in wait for him in all directions, to give him a
warm reception as soon as he should show himself above wa-
ter. After about three hours hunting, he was shot in the
head by a marksman stationed on the Old Bridge, when he
immediately spouted a large jet of blood, and a man being
near at the same time in a boat, struck him with a harpoon,
and after some little further trouble he was landed, and
proved to be a large specimen of the Delphinus Tertio, mea-
suring about 124 ft. in length. and weighing 15 cwt., a fish
whose appearance in our latitude, is a thing of very rare oc-
currence ; indeed we learn from gentlemen deeply read in
natural history, that there are only some four or five instances
on record of this fish having been seen in England, two of
which have been taken near Lancaster, the one under notice,
and another some years ago in Morecambe bay. The captors
exhibited the fish at Lancaster on Sunday, and on Monday it
was shown here, at the Fleece Inn, St. John-street. From
the appearance of its teeth, which were evidently much worn,
and from the fact of several being gone, it is not unreasonable
to infer that the specimen was an old one—the fish was one
of the male kind. After the exhibition closed here, the fish
was disposed of for the sum of .£7 or guineas, to some York-
shiremen, who intended first to astonish the Manchester
folks with the sight of it, and afterwards to make use of it for
the production of oil ; what quantity it might possibly yield,
was quite a matter of uncertainty ; we are therefore unable to
inform our readers whether the speculation was a lucky one
or not.—Preston Pilot.