The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-12-14 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

The most important intelligence received from the
Continent relates to the temporary suspension of the large
sugar-refining works of Messrs. C. Bruyn and Co., at
Amsterdam. The advice of this unfortunate disaster was
first received on Thursday via Antwerp, and has been
fully confirmed by the arrival of the Rotterdam mail,
which came to hand on Friday. A week or two ago it was
mentioned that this firm was in difficulties, but the truth
of the assertion was then denied, as the report went that
the Dutch Government were so largely interested in its
fate, as to render it almost imperative upon them to afford
it all reasonable assistance. That notion having exploded,
we now approach the real facts. In consequence of the
monetary pressure, the usual facilities of the house of ob-
taining accommodation have been closed, and hence,
though their assets are estimated at between £3OOO and
£350,006 to meet debts and liabilities equal to £200,000
or £250,000, the partners have been reduced to the neces-
sity of praying time for the arrangement of their affairs.
So much as is here stated has been communicated by
them to their friends at home and abroad. A list of the
heaviest creditors which has been seen in the hands of
individuals well acquainted with their connexions, throws
the burden of £78,000 upon five foreign establishments,
and of £37,000 upon four London establishments.
The following is the position of the Bank of England
for the week ended sth instant, as compared with that of
the same period last year :

IDec. 4, 1847

IDec. 5, 1846.

Notes issued
Seven day and other bills

£24,366,085
885,717

25,251,802
5,583,020

Total issued
Deduct notes in the bank-
ing department
Total in circulation
Total amount of specie held 1
in both departments of £11,032,594
the bank

19,668,782

£28,269,105
895,483

29,164,588
8,402,300

20,762,288

£15,002,873

'lite above exhibits a decrease in the
£1,023,506, and in the bullion of £2,970,271
the present with last week there is a decre
culation of £191,872, and an increase in
£429,651.
Consols for the January account left off o
851. to 85k, ex dividend.

circulation of
'9. Comparing
,ase in the cir-
the bullion of

In Saturday at

SEA `oND EDITION.

Standard-office, Two o'clock, p.m.

LIVERPOOL CORN EXCHANGE-THIS DAY.

Although the violent storm of last week ha abated, and th
weather is now tine, we have scarcely any grain vessels in since
Friday ; collectively, therefore, the arrivals of the week are per-
fectly insignificant, which is the more extraordinary as we have
not a single parcel of Indian Corn or Corn Meal fresh in to re-
port. The 3500 bags of foreign Flour, noted in our import list
below, are from Valparaiso.
Our market to-day was tolerably well attended by town and
country dealers, and the Wheat trade Was firm, at an advance
of 3d. to 4d. per 701 h. on the prices of this day week.
Flour also was in fair request at the rates of fuesday last.
In Barley and Malt no variation.

Beans and Pease rather lower,

In Indian Corn and Corn Meal there was no great business
done, but both articles were held steadily at our last quota-

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SIR JOHN FRANLKIN'S ARCTIC EXPEDITION.

The following is an abstract of a letter by Dr. King to
Earl Grey :
" The last whaler has arrived, and Sir John Franklin
and his 125 followers are shut up in the Arctic regions
for a third winter, which the medical officer who served
with Sir Edward Parry in all his expeditions considers
will, in all probability, be attended with the most serious
consequences. For this there is no help. To save them,
however, from a fourth winter, when, in addition to
disease, they will have to contend with starvation and all
its horrors, Dr. King has been constantly urging the Go-
vernment, since last June, to take the most active steps
for their rescue. He directs attention to the western land
of North Somerset, as the spot where the lost expedition
is most likely to be found, and he offers his services to
Earl Grey to journey to that spot by the same route he
travelled in search of Sir John Ross. He is not satisfied
with the effort the Admiralty have resolved to make in
search of the missing party. After entering minutely
into the subject, he states :-1 To sum up in a few words,
the Board of Admiralty in their effort virtually declare
the lost expedition cannot be relieved except the north-
west passage is discovered ; we must first discover the pas-
sage, and then seek out the lost expedition.' To this de-
claration I cannot assent, for, by following out my plan,
I can search all that is known of the western land of
North Somerset, and be sure that every footstep I make
is so much good work for the safety of the lost expedition,
and for the furtherance of geographical and natural his-
torical knowledge, while Sir James Clarke Ross, before he
gets a single footing on that land, must have solved the
problem
which has baffled all our ingenuity in ships for
31 centuries. The facts speak for themselves. 1. Barrow's
Strait was impassable in 1832 ; it may be impassable in 1848.
2. Sir J. Clarke Ross is using the same means to relieve
the lost expedition which have brought them into their
difficulty ; the relief party may, therefore, become a party
in distress. 3. The land that is madewill be of doubtful cha-
racter ; the searching parties, at the end of the summer,
with the close of which every soul of the lost expedition
will have perished, may find theyhave been tracing an island
many miles distant from the western land of north Somer.,
set, or navigating a deep bay, as Kotzebue navigated the
sound named after him, and as Franklin navigated the sea
called Melville Sound. The plan which I have proposed
is to reach the Polar Sea across the continent of America,
and thus to proceed on my search from land known to he
continent, where every footing is so much good work done
for the safety of the lost expedition, and for the further-
ance of geographical and natural historical knowledge;
and if tEe plan is laid aside, the lives of our lost country-
men will depend upon a single throw, in the face of almost
certain failure, if the difficulty in which they are involved
is the same which, not to go further back than 1818, has
driven away every officer, including even Parry himself
who has made the attempt in ships.

THE MURDER OF CHARLES I.—My apprehension of
this sin overbears my expression, and I know not how to
set it off, for black receives no other colour. —Poynder.
ADELPHI THEATRE, CHRISTIAN-STREET.—The COM-
(lined exertions of Mr. Batty and Mr. Cooke have cer-
tainly had the effect of producing for the public an enter-
tainment worthy appreciation. Never at any prior time
have the public had the opportunity of viewing, in scenic
action, more daring of more talented feats than those that
now result from the competition existing between the
British and the French equestrians. So great is the ri-
valry, that Mr. Batty has spared nothing of the strength
of the London company, Astley's, that could tend to at-
tract in Liverpool ; and those who do not now avail them-
selves of the opportunity afforded will omit, at least, a
treat. The Egyptian dragon carriage (the departure of
which from London is noticed elsewhere), arrived in town
on Friday, and has since been driven through the principal
streets of the town, drawn by four beautiful camels. It is
really a stupendous and magnificent machine, and being
followed by the splendid stud of piebaled horses and dimi-
nutive poneys, and the strength of the company, presented
a splendid spectacle. The body of the car was occupied
by the excellent band of the establishment, and the effect
was most imposing. Last night, "The Demon Horse-
man, or the Camels of the Desert," was produced under
the direction of Mr. T. Thompson. The piece is not only
adapted for stage representation, but is well suited for dis-
play. The camels, which are most happily introduced,
shew a sagacity astounding. The scenes in the circle were
most creditable—more particularly the performance of the
lady on a side saddle, which was passing excellent. The
bottle concluded the -entertainment, The Louse was
crowded.

SOUTH LANCASHIRE SPECIAL COMMISSION"

Tho Winter gaol delivery for the Southern Division of
this county was opened on Saturday last, before Sir E. H.
Alderson, one of the Barons of the Exchequer, and Sir
Thos. Coltman, one of the Justices of the Queen's Bench.
On Sunday forenoon Baron Alderson attended divine
service at St. George's Church, acompanied by William
Gale, Esq., the High-Sheriff, the Mayor, &c., when an
excellent discourse was delivered by the Rev. Mr. Raw-
son, the Sheriff's chaplain, from the 19th chapter of the
Ist Book of Kings, 11th and 12th verses.

CROWN COURT—YESTERDAY.
(Before Mr. Baron ALDERSON.)

His Lordship took his seat, in the Crown Court, at
eleven o'clock. The calendar contains 104 prisoners, of
whom only seven are set down as being able to read and
write well; and twenty-five can do neither. After the
names of the justices had been called over by Starkies
Shuttleworth, Esq., Clerk of the Crown, the following
were sworn of

THE GRAND JURY.
Win. Blundell, Esq., Crosby Hall, Foreman.
'Henry Ashton, Esq., Woolton Wood.
Elkanah Armitage, Esq., Manchester.
Thos. Ashton Hodgson, Esq., The Grange.
Hardman Earle, Esq.. Brook Farm.
John Fell, Esq., Broughton Tower.
Wm. Fletcher, Esq., Liverpool.
Robertson Gladstone, Esq., Court Hey.
Michael Hughes, Esq., Shirdley Hall.
Hugh Hornby,'Esq., Sandown.
Thos. Berry Horsfall, (Mayor of Liverpool,) West Derby.
Alex. Fowden Halliburton, Esq., Whitley Hall, Wigan.
Thos. Haigh, Esq., Elm all.
Wm. Jenkinson, Esq., Salford.
Daniel Neilson, Esq., Liverpool.
James Rigby, Esq. Moss House.
Francis Shand, Esq., Everton.
John Sawrey, Esq., Broughton Tower.
George Henry Carleton Sunderland, Esq., Lund Hall.
Samuel Henry Thompson, Esq., Thingwell Hall.
Samuel Taylor, Esq., I.,,ccleston Hall.
Henry Woodcock. Esq. Bank House, Wigan.
Joseph Need Walker, 3sq., Calderstone.
The proclamation against vice, profaneness, and immo-
rality was then read, after which his Lordship proceeded
to deliver THE CHARGE.

His LORDSHIP commenced by observing that he was
glad to find so full an attendance of gentlemen of the
county on the grand jury at this inclement and unusual
season of the year, though he was afraid he must not
consider their attendance as unusual, because it had con-
tinued so long that it might almost be considered part of
the usual course of justice in the county of Lancaster.
Indeed, he could not see how it could well be otherwise
than that in a populous district like this there should not
be a discharge of the gaol within a certain number of
months, for if there were not, the spring assizes could
never be concluded within any reasonable time. He
thought, therefore, as this was a populous neighbourhood,
they must consider the present arrangement as a perma-
nent part of the criminal judicatory of the county, though
the same would not apply to any place where the popula-
tion was not so numerous. He did not know if the pri-
soners had their option whether they would be desirous
of a more speedy trial than the usual course would afford
them ; still it was desirable that not more than a reason-
able time should be appropriated to their imprisonment
previous to trial. He believed, however, that the pri-
soners might be tried as much too quickly as too slowly,
and it was necessary that the course of justice should not
be conducted in unseemly haste, that prisoners should be
tried in as decent and respectable a manner as possible,
that time should be afforded to parties getting up the
prosecutions to prepare all the evidence which would be
produced, and also that prisoners who were generally of
the lower classes, and had not always the means at hand
for conducting their defence, should be allowed time to
collect the means, and such evidence as they were able to
do, to meet the charges preferred against them. He
thought, therefore, that too much precipitation was
as great an evil as too much haste. As a general
principle, however, his Lordship was of opinion
that a more frequent gaol delivery would be of advantage
to the country if it could be accomplished; but then it
would require a much larger staff of officers than there
were at present. People must not expect grapes from
thorns or figs from, thistles. They must look to both sides
of the question, consider it in all its bearings, see which
was the best, and if it could be done, he (the Learned
Judge) wished them all possible success. His Lordship
then proceeded to observe that with respect to the
calendar into which they were about to enquire, it
was one of very great aggravation and calculated to
excite considerable anxiety; and, what was very lamen-
table, was that it contained so great a number of prisoners
charged with offences against the person. There were
nine charged with the crime of murder, twelve with that
of stabbing, nine or ten for manslaughter, some under
circumstances of considerable aggravation ; besides, in ad-
dition to which, there were the usual number of robberies
and burglaries, so that, if they looked through the calen-
dar, they would find that there were but few offences
against property, whilst against persons and property,
and persons alone, there were many. How such a
state of things was to be remedied, God only knew.
He (the learned judge) hoped the grand jury would take
the matter into their serious consideration, with a view of
suggesting some remedy. Some suggested education as
a remedy, and undoubtedly education might do something.
but it would not do much, because he believed the present
cause of crime was not the want of education, but the
want of good principle, the want of being trained
in the way they should go he believed it was the
being exposed to temptation without sufficiently
good principles having been inculcated, to enable
them to resist it. He did not know whether want
might not have contributed to the increase, for
he found when that prevailed there was generally an in-
crease of crime, and perhaps that might be one occasion
of it, as no doubt there had been considerable distress in
this county. They would, however, endeavour not merely
to educate the people, but also to be charitable and kind,
and endeavour to prevent them falling into that tempta-
tion which it appeared they had not good principle enough
to resist—to assist them not merely by teaching them to
read and write but also in obtaining good principles—in
fact, to do what he (the learned Judge) called real, sound
education, namely,—to teach them the way they should
go. Education, no doubt, consisted in reading, and
writing, and arithmetic, but that was not all ; true educa-
tion was teaching them the way they should go ; in other
words, implanting in their minds good principles, to assist
them to resist temptations, to submit to privations if they
should unfortunately be subject to them, and in times
of difficulty to look to God and the world to come.
With regard to the crimes in the calendar, there were
two classes on which his lordship thong It it necessary to
offer a few observations—those were the crime of murder
and the crime of manslaughter. The crime of murder,
they knew, consisted of killing a person with what the
law called malice or forethought, that is to say, there
must be the intention to kill without any provocation,
which would amount to a justification, but if there were
such circumstances, which would not amount to a justifi-
cation of taking away life, yet, if a struggle or a fight 1
took place which would produce hot blood, the law looked
upon the provocation not as a palliation of the offence
but as reducing it, if there was a reasonable ground to
suppose the violence was inflicted in hot blood, to the
crime of manslaughter. It must, however, be borne in
mind, that language, however strong, was not sufficient
to justify personal violence, and would not reduce it from
tinuhatr,dehrowto meveraonpsliamtoigbhrtioeru.s
thTehlaenlgauwagweomu
ilgdknobte.perNmoirt
would a small blow, such as a tap on the cheek,
(he, the learned judge, used this by way of illustration) if
avenged by a blow which produced death, reduce the
the crime from murder to manslaughter, because it
would not be reasonable that violence should be met
with violence so much greater in degree. So again,
suppose a man said to another, " Come on, strike me,"
notby
the
person h did
deprived o,an
the
ethen
partythe
of
b life,w
be manslaughter, but murder, for it would be what Shaks-
t washa t
violencea nd
Shaks-
peare called,
" Getting on the windy side of the law,"
in order to accomplish that which he intended to do. In
such a case the law would not allow the party to avail
himself of a blow which he had invited to justify such a
crime. In all those cases they must look at the substance,
and not at the form, to see whether the attempt was a mall-
ciousattempt, without provocation, and if so, the law would
infer malice aforethought. Again, when the parties did not
intend to do more than fight, and the blood got excited, and
one of the parties used a weapon which produced death,
that would not be murder but an aggravated case of
manslaughter. There was one case which occurred only
a few days ago in this Borough to which they would apply
what he had said, as on it would depend the question
whether the bill should be one for murder or manslaughter
only. So again with respect to another case in the calen-
der, and which-arose in this Borough. It was the case of
a woman who was accused of having murdered an infant
child, by exposing it to the weather. The Grand Jury
would have first to inquire whether the exposure of the
child was really the cause of its death. The child did
not die immediately, but if the evidence of the surgeon ,
fully satisfied them that the exposure was the cause of
death, then they would enquire whether the accused
had exposed the child with a view of causing its
death. If the Grand Jury found that it was exposed
in a place where it was likely soon to be picked up, and
that it was probably placed there for the purpose of get-
ting rid of the change of it ; then, although it was very
wicked on the part of the accused, still it would not
amount to the crime of murder, and the grand jury ought
to find a bill for manslaughter only ; because, although
she did not intend to kill the child, but merely to get rid
of the charge of it by exposure, she would at least he guilty
of manslaughter. If, however, she exposed the child
with intent to kill, she would be guilty of murder.
There was a charge of embezzlement on which he
thought it necessary to say a few words. It was
a ease where a merchant's clerk. had been entrusted to fill
up a check his master had signed in blank and left him to
obtain the money. No doubt this was a very imprudent
and negligent way of doing business, because, although he
told the clerk not to fill up the check for more than a cer-
tain amount, yet they knew very well a mere verbal direc-
tionwas, in reality, no limitation of the man's authority.
by the act of the check being signed in blank,
thTeebpoawd'er of filling it up for any amount he chose, and
they must trust to his honour and honesty not to go be-
yond that amount. Then it appeared that the accused,
instead of filling up the check as directed, as was t) be
supposed, he filled it up fora much larger sum. The
proper course appeared to him ( the learned Judge) to
treat such a case as one of receiving money from the
debtor (for the banker he considered the debtor of the
merchant) for the master, as in truth it was receiving a
debt of his master's, and if lie appropriates that to his
own use it is a case of embezzlement. lie ( the learned
Judge) did not think that he could be indicted for
larceny, because the money never was in the possession
of his master. Then there were some cases of forgery
in which a man goes and borrows money from clubs
formed for the purpose of lending money, to young
tradesmen, representing himself as the borrower. lie
must say he thought the directors and secretaries of such

clubs would do well to know the identity of the persons t,
whom they lend money. In the cases he alluded to,
(the learned judge,) thought there had been very gre.
carelessness on their part, but he had generally foul
that people were not so careful with the money of atilt
people as of their own. If it was found that the accuse
had assumed the person, and signed the name, not (.•
himself, but of a third party, it was a case very like of
which occurred some years ago in the county of Cumbe•
land—he meant the case of the husband of the celebrate
beauty of Buttermere, who signed his name, pretendii
that it was his own. He was, however, held to be guil
of forgery, and as the offence was then capital, be not ba
big pardoned, was ultimately executed. That was n,
now capital, but the law as to the nature of the offeni
still remained the same. He did not know thet
were any other cases requiring particular direction
from him. There were, however, cases which would rt
quire the careful attention of the grand jury—cases
poison, in which they would have to inquire whether th
party actually administered the poison; and though the
was a very serious question in point of fact, there was n,
difficulty in point of law; for if the administration wa•
proved to be wilful, no doubt the parties were guilty of
murder where death ensued. Then, there was a cast
where a man was charged with the murder of his wife.
His lordship called the attention of the grand jury to tha•
case. It appeared from the depositions that a weapon of
a very dangerous nature had been used—a large poker,
that two blows had been inflicted, and the witness they:
left the deceased lying on the floor. Whether a third
blow was or was not given was a material question for the
grand jury to consider. He would recommend them to
attend to the wounds on the head as described by the
surgeon, and if more than two blows were given, he was
afraid it would turn out that the third blow was inflicted,
for which, according to the depositions, there was no pre-
tence for alleging any mitigating circumstances. With
these observations and directions his lordship committed
the various eases in the calendar to the consideration of
the grand jury, feeling satisfied they would do their duty,
both to the satisfaction of the court and the public, and
what was much more, to the satisfaction of their own
consciences.
The Grand Jury then retired.