The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-03-12 00:00:00

seemed to contain a great deal of truth. Mr. Earle's opinion
then was, that we were to have the new poor-law because the
parish had opposed the corporation. He hoped the parish
would continue to defend their own rights and interests; and
if they thought the interests of the corporation or the dock
trust eeswere in opposition to those of the parish, he trusted

that individuals of 'suflicie;l;;Wwould be to,ana to defend
those rights. Mr. Earle had said that the new poor-law was
the law of the land and that the parishioners had nothing to
do but support it. Ih,. sairrof,l with him that the commis-

sioners hi 4 power to inflict this law upon the parish, bir
inasmuch as they had suspended its operation for seven years
he thought there were good grounds that they should no;

have introduced it at all,-and that they had not been induced
to introduce it for the sake of the interests of the tows or
the poor, but to enable a certatn political party to acquire
more influence. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. EARLE.—Mr, Chairman, I must be allowed to reply

to this

Mr. BusuaL
to Mr. Earle.

—But I have first something to say in reply

Mr. EARLE.—Very well. But I think I ought to speak now.
Mr. BUSHELL.—I thought you would like to reply to both
at once. (Laughter.)
Mr. EARLE.—Yes. I like killing two birds with one stone.
Mr. BUSHELL then addressed the meeting. He had not
intended to have said a single word, but after what had fallen
from Mr. Earle he could not avoid thinking that the party
with whom Mr. Earle usually acted must feel much obliged
to him for coming there, inasmuch as he had made some
extraordinary statements, which perhaps, had he consulted
them would have been kept back. He (Mr. Bushell) thought
the vestry were nevertheless much obliged to Mr. Earle for
'having come, because, if he had not been there, they would
not have had half the fun which had been amusing them for
the last half hour. With regard to the observation he had
made, he (Mr. Bushell) must say that Mr. Earle had stated
that the reason why the poor-law commissioners were bring-
ing the poor-law into operation here, was because the vestry
had had the misfOrtune to offend the council in oppposing a
certain bill. Now he thought that this would throw some
light upon the real reasons why the poor-law commissioners
were, after such a lapse of time, bringing the. new law into
operation. He thought he saw the whole course and progress
of the matter. He thought that if the vestry and parishioners
at large had entertained similar opinions to the council and
the leading members of the opposite party, we should not
have heard a single word about the introduction of the bill
into Liverpool. He should not be surprised if the leaders of
Mr. Earle's party had not been very active indeed in inducing
the poor-law commissioners to put the act into operation,
simply because they were jealous of the power which the
parish possessed, and of that power being in the hands of those
whose political opinions were adverse to their own. (Hear,
hear.) He was satisfied that the Town-council of Liverpool,
or rather the majority in it, looked with a jealous eye upon
the powe'r of the parishioners in vestry assembled. He did
not know whether Mr. Earle had before attended a vestry
meeting—
Mr. RLE.—No.
Mr. BusnELL.—Hc did not think, then, that Mr. Earle
could have expected to Have found such a conservative spirit
amongst the parishioners, not only with regard to general poli-
tics, but with regard to our ancient institutions, whether paro-
chial or general, as that which now existed. Could it be
supposed that if this act were brought in operation, it would
benefit the parish in a financial point of view ? (No, no.)
Could it be supposed that it would benefit the poor? (Con-
tinued cries of " No, no.") Then he would ask, for whose
benefit was it to be introduced?

A PARISHIONER.—For Sir Joshua Walmsley's. (Loud
laughter.)

Mr. IlusllELL would not say who had taken an active part
in bringing the poor-law here, but he would say that it
could not have been introduced to benefit the parish in a
financial point of of view, for it could be proved, from a great
number of statements, that in places where it had been intro-
duced,. that the amount of expenditure under it had been in-
creased fourfold—(hear, hear,)—and certainly it could not
be for the benefit of the poor, for we knew that under this
system the poor man had been more oppressed, and that
poverty and misery had been made a crime and punished as
such. His own opinion was, that it was impossible for this
act to work well in Liverpool. He did not think that it could
succeed with such an enormous pauper population as we bad
from the sister country. How was it possible, he would re-
peat, that it could be brought into operation here ? Mr. Earle
had told the meeting that gentlemen who lived at a distance,
who were strangers io the town and who knew nothing of
our population, were much more competent to manage our
parochial affairs than we who were upon the spot ! That
seemed to him a most extraordinary proposition for any gen-
tleman to make. If he (Mr. Bushell) wished to manage his
own affairs well, he was always upon the spot. He would cer-
tainly not send to London for a man to manage his business,
and if they would not adopt that rule in their own private
affairs, why should they in those of the parish ? (Hear, hear.)
He would not detain the meeting further, as most probably
they would be desirous to hear Mr. Earle's reply.
Mr. EARLE.—That was very good indeed. (Laughter.)
He never heard Mr. Bushell get up to make a speech in his
life but be began in the old way, that he did not intend to
speak, and he had never known him—when he had an oppor-
tunity to speak—keep silent. (Loud laughter.) Really, Mr.
Bushell's eloquence had almost made him (Mr. Earle) forget
what he was going to say. (Continued laughter.) He begged
distinctly to state upon his word and honour, that he knew
nothing whatever of any application being made to the poor
law commissioners for the introduction of the law.
Mr. BUSHELL.—I do not think you do.
Mr. EARLE bad merely expressed his opinion that such
was the case ; and the opinions he had given as to the opera-
tions of the new law were those of a near and dear relative,
who was very far from thinking in politics as he thought,
and who he should be very glad to see a good radical. That
man had devoted the whole of his time, night and day for
four years, to the subject. He was his own brother. He
was not desirous of praising him, but of justifying himself ;
and he would refer those gentlemen who were sceptical on
certain points of the New Poor Law to him, and he would
afford them every information.
A PARISHIONER enquired whether this gentleman was
Mr. Charles Earle ?
Mr. EARLE said No. It was Mr. Richard Earle, his
brother ; Mr. Charles Earle was his cousin. He wished they
would consult Mr. Richard Earle upon certain points on
which certain persons in the meeting had laid down the law
so clearly, becade it was just possible he whould upset
them. (Laughter).
Mr. THOMAS SMITH opposed the introduction of the law,
and said the real reason for it was the necessity for the com-
missioners and assistant commissioners to do something for
their salaries. He was not a rate-payer certainly, but in the
election of guardians he should at least have half-a-dozen
votes.

Mr. BIGHAM contended that Mr. Smith had no right to
address the meeting, inasmuch as he was not a rate-paver.
Mr..SmITH appealed to the Chairman to confirm him in
the fact that in the Union in which they both resided, the
rates in all the townships had not been increased.
Mr. BIGHAM then addressed the vestry at very consider-
able length in support of the law being introduced, and con-
tended that the Select Vestry had misappropriated the funds
of the parish by paying the expenses of three deputations to
London. He was proceeding in this strain, when he was
stopped by the Chairman for irregularity.
The resolution was then put and carried with only two dis-
sentients.

Mr. SANDS moved the next resolution, and observed that
the meeting had heard quite enough to convince them that
if it were possible to induce the poor-law commissioners to
suspend their intention of introducing the law, it was most
desirable the attempt should be made. Mr. Sands concluded
by moving the resolution to this effect, and which also ap-
pointed Messrs. Birkett and Tinne a deputation to proceed to
Somerset House.

Mr. RICHARD WmLnisto BATESON seconded the reso-
lution. He said that he attended thig meeting in order to
show that the commercial, community felt an interest in
this question. That part of the community certainly felt that
the introduction of the new poor law would be an evil to this
parish. In seconding the resolution, he should endeavour to
confine himself to the question, for much, which was per-
fectly foreign to it, had been introduced. The meeting had
not been convened, as one gentleman had said, in that sacred
edifice, to have half an hour's fun, or to discuss the intended
dock bill, or to promote the warehouse interest ; but they
had met to consider whether it would be for the interest of
the parish to oppose the introduction of the new poor law—
whether sufficient ground could be shown to the commission-
ers to induce them to allow the parishioners to manage their
own affairs. (Hear, hear.) Much had been said, from which
he differed, as to the operation of the law; but before he
proceeded further, he would advert to the circumstances
which called it into existence. The meeting were aware that,
in passing through the legislature. it had the support of men
of all parties, including our leading statesmen, and that it
had been called into existence by abuses in the adminis-
tration of the old law, especially in the agricultural districts,
where a system so bad had got into operation, that the pay-
ment of wages was frequently made out of the poor rates.
(Hear, hear.) The bill, then, had been brought in as a mea-
sure of relief—(hear, hear) ;—and he differed with Mr. Wo.
therspoon inasmuch as he thought it had worked well ir
those districts ; but, at the same time, he was convinced
would be an abuse in towns circumstanced as Liverpool was
with so many various interests to conciliate. For a long
series of years our parochial affairs had been managed by a
select vestry, and he
could not see how their management
was to be improved upon. Some portions of the bill might
probably be effective, but many others were decidedly wrong
—the workhonse system, for instance. What a contrast
would the existing workhouse system afford to that under
the bill ! The relief of the distressed poor was another point
in which the bill would have a harsh operation here. - The
question, however, for the consideration of the vestry was
this—could they make out a case strong enough to convince
the commissioners that the parish was under a better system
now than it would be under the new law? (Hear, hear.)
With these remarks he begged to second the motion.
' Mr. BIRKETT, as his name had been proposed, altogether
unknown to him, us one of the deputation, begged to say he
wished some other parishioner had been selected, as lie had
only just returned from London, wherehe had been laid upon
the bed of sickness. Independently of this, there was one
subject which he thought the vestry ought to look boldly in
the face—namely, that there were, at the present moment,
1900 paupers in the workhouse—(hear, hear)—and that to
accommodate the increased numbers some of the weaving
shops had been fitted up with beds. (Hear.) The select
vestry had power to give outdoor relief; and it had been a
question with the select vestry whether some consideration
should not be paid to those who contributed to the poor-
rates—in fact whether it would not be cheaper to allow out-
door relief, to a small amount, instead of driving the parties
to the workhouse. There were numbers of aged females who
would rather accept ls. 6d. per week, and many aged men
with wives, who would be content with 2s. 6d. a week, rather
than enter the workhouse; but if the new system came into
operation they must all go there. (Hear, hear.) He should
'like to know whether Mr. Bighara and his friends would not
be amongst the first to complain if they were called upon to
pay an additional rate to be levied for the purpose of building
a new workhouse. (Cheers.) He was quite satisfied that
the poor would not be content, neither with the quantity nor
the quality of their food. (Cis of " query.") Query!
Why there was no man in the parish, from the rector down-
wards, who sat down to better food—though it might be
differently cooked—and there was no place in England where
the poor had so much or better food than they had under the
present system in Liverpool. They could only save money
by running down the poor, by refusing subscriptions to
public charities, or by increasing the assessment upon all
buildings in the parish not assessed. For instance, the Me-
chanics' Institution was not assessed—and no man could say
that was a conservative institution. But he had never yet
found any good done either by robbing the poor or by robbing
the church. (Cheers.) If he. consented to be one of the
deputation it was solely because he thought it was due to the
great manifestation of feeling which had taken place that day,
—(cheers)—not
with regard to the poor, but also to the
handsome terms In which the gentlemen who had come for-
ward had exonerated the select vestry from the charges made
against them. (Hear.)
Mr. JAMES owEst supported the resolution in an energetic
address, which was received throughout with much applause.
He remarked, that the enactment which it was proposed to
introduce was really a poor law and not a rich law. It took
away the power of giving out-door relief, and therein con-
sisted one part of the villany of it. The powers of the com-
missioners were about to expire, and the vestry might depend
that when those
powers were renewed .they would put on the
screw with more rigour than they had ever hitherto exhibited.
In conclusion, he contended that the inevitable tendency of
the new poor law was to increase Chartism, to separate master
from man,
good feeling between the upper,
middle, an and to destroy all
and lower classes.
Mr. TINNE disclaimed all party motives in signing the
requisition and also in consenting to act upon the deputation.
He should have not done either had he not been convinced

that the introduction of the law into Liverpool was not ex-
ceedingly ill advised.
Mr. EARLE being anxious both for Mr. Tinne's and Mr.
Birkett's pocket, would venture to ask how their expenses,
as the deputation, were to be paid. If they were to come
front the parish funds he was sure there would be an enquiry.
Mr. WOTHERSPOON said he would answer the question.
The expenses would be paid by subscription.
Mr. SM urn was understood to contend that as the parish
was not yet under the owration. of the new poor-law, the
eZvences might be paid from the funds of the rate payers.
The CHAIRMAN remarked that upon whom the expenses
would fall seemed to be a disputed point.
Mr. EARLE.—If I was appointed I would not go before I
knew of a certainty who was to pay me.
Mr. BIRKETT.—I shall never stay to enquire who is to
pay my expenses. I will go and stand up for the interests of
the town again. (Loud cheers.)
Mr. EARLE.—WeII, I would not do any such thing.
Mr. TINNE.—The consideration of who shall pay the ex-
penses, shall not deter me from going to London. (Cheers.)
Mr. EARLE.—I never intended to put the question to
you. I put it to a legal character, not to you. (Hear.)
The CHAIRMAN then put the resolution to the vote, and
it was unanimously carried.

Mr. ISA AC HOLMES, in movinr, the next resolution said,
there could not be a question, that the intended introduction
of the poor-law was owing to the instigation of some party.
Mr. Earle said it was not so. Perhaps the question might
not have been discussed at the Angel, but it was quite pos-
sible it had been debated at some other place. (Hear.) Cer-
tainly there had been a strange argument used in favour of
it, namely, that the affairs of the town could be best admi-
nistered by those who really knew nothing about its interest.
Of all the arguments ever used. that surely was one of the
most ridiculous—that persons should have the management of
the affairs of so great and important a place as Liverpool, and
actually know nothing of its interests ! Should such indivi-
duals as Mr. Harbord or Mr. Birkett, who paid such large
proportions to the parish rates, have no longer that controul
to which they were justly entitled? (Hear.) Yet such
would be the case. Mr. Holmes, after a few remarks upon
the debate upon the drainage bill in the council, expressed
his regret that the meeting had not been called upon to apply
to parliament—(bear)—for an act exempting Liverpool from
the operation of the new poor law, He declared his convic-
tion that the attempt to introduce it had been made with the
sole view of obtaining the controul in the select vestry. Mr.
Holmes concluded by moving the resolution, which was to
the effect that the deputation be also instructed to represent
to the members for the borough the great dissatisfaction
which the introduction of the bill had created, and to induce
them to use their influence to procure a clause in the bill
now before parliament to exempt Liverpool from its opera-
tion. (Cheers.)

Mr. COOPER seconded the mot
said-

Mr. Earle had

Mr. EARLE.—Do let me alone. (Laughter.)
Mr. COOPER then entered into some details with regard to
the operation of the act in the West Derby Union, shewing
that the expenditure of all the townships comprised in it had
been increased, and that poverty was in reality treated as a
crime.

Mr. RAMPLINO supported the resolution, and denounced
the poor-law act as one of the most diabolical and tyrannical
measures ever concocted to odpress the poor.
The resolution was then passed unanimously.
A RATE4AYEIL, whose name we could not ascertain, said,
a question had been brought forward with regard to medical
relief. He had practised for a long time in Gloucestershire,
and had been appointed medical officer to a union in that
county. He was obliged to enter into a contract to supply
the medicines and attend the paupers, for which he received
the sum of £75 a year. He had to visit five parishes, and
during the period of twelve months he attended between
500 and 600 individuals. He frequently had to ride, at the
dictates of Mr. Assistant Commissioner Weak, ten or a
dozen miles ; he had to furnish medicines and medical attend-
ance, to attend the board of guardians every week, and to
keep a book of all the cases. At the expiration of the year
he told the commissioner he should no longer serve ; but he
insisted that he should. He (the rate-payer) had thus
. .

,
acquired a great deal of experience of the Working of the
new poor-law. He hadito attend the workhouse twice a
week, or whenever he was called upon ; he had to supply the
workhouse with medicine, and at the end of the year he found
he had lost about £l3O during the twelve months. Such
was his experience of the new poor-law. (Cheers.)
The thanks of the meeting were then voted to the church-
wardens and overseers, for having called the meeting, and
also to the Rev. Mr. Brooks, for presiding, and at three
o'clock the meeting separated.

CORRESPONDENCE

THE NEW POOR LAW

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.
Stn,—l am gratified beyond measure to find that the in-
iabitants of our good old town are beginning to rouse from
:he lethargy in which they have too long indulged with refe-
•ence to the introduction of the new poor law into Liverpool.
Permit me to offer a few words on the subject, with a view
;o rouse the ratepayers generally to a sense of the importance
3f carrying out the objects of the meeting with energy and
erseverance.

The new poor law is an enactment totally at variance with
the constitutional principles of English government, and to-
tally subversive of the humane bearing and purpose of the
old act of Queen Elizabeth. The principal or propulsory
machinery in this new engine for the grinding of the poor
consists of three grand commissioners, most exorbitantly
paid, who reside in the metropolis, and arrogate to them-
selves a knowledge of the poor in the multitudinous localities
throughout the kingdom, superior to that of those amongst
whom they reside, and from whose pockets they are relieved.
These commissioners are paramount to all guardians that
may be appointed under the act, and even to parliament it-
self, and can play their " fantastic tricks" ad libitum. The
guardians, indeed, have a most thankless office, and are in
reality mere nonentities. The three bashaws may refuse to
sanction any of their proceedings, repudiate any of their re-
commendations, and even act in positive contravention of
anything they may do. They also set aside the powers of
the local magistracy, who have only the negative privile;e left,
of ordering a slight relief to the starving applicant for one
day, and that too only (as the act vulgarly expresses it) " iu
kind,"—that is, in a morsel of bread, or a small quantity of
the coarsest food. This, too, extends to relief of the aged
and infirm only, and those unable to work. Was ever such
power before conferred on any man, or set of men, over the
destinies of, at all times, a large portion of our suffering popu-
lation, who of all others require most a kindly and humane
treatment! Was ever such power given over an immense
fund, in the administration of which those ~Tho pay it are de-
priced of all control, by their representatives or otherwise!
The poor's affairs of this town have long been managed
with discretion and humanity, and perfectly to the satisfac-
tion of both the ratepayers and the poor. If there has been
any fault, it apuears to me to have-been a rather rigid adhe-
rence to parsimony in giving relief. Why, then, not let well
alone; and not introduce amongst us a system which, inde-
pendent of its cruelties, will entail upon us probably double
the present rates, and create heartburning and dissatisfaction
amongst both the succourers and the succoured ?

Several portions of the new act are, in my thinking, a dis-
grace to those who passed it into law. Such is that clause
relating to outdoor relief. If a family of six or eight, some
of them able and willing to work, can make a living wits m
half-a-crown or three shillings a week, that small relief is
denied; They must either linger on in a half-famished state
until they drop one by one into their graves, or suffer the
degradation of becoming paupers—en famille ! The clause
that separates the aged pauper from his wife—the companion
and solace of his afflictions—is equally heartless and unchris-
tian. A poorhouse, to the support of which all classes con-
tribute more or less, should be an asylum for wretchedness
or casual misfortune, not a place of punishment and impri-
sonment. True, destitution often arises from improvidence,
want of domestic economy, reprehensible idleness, or still
more reprehensible sensual indulgence ; but we are all chil-
dren of Adam, prone to fall into evil, and though means
should be taken to redeem the character of the dissolute
(which is a holy duty), and though a stricter line of disci-
pline might properly be pursued towards these delinquents,
it is manifestly unjust to treat the whole pauper population
as outcasts unworthy of the sympathies of their fellow-men,
and (as is the whole tendency of this accursed act) to consi-
der poverty as a crime.
The bastardy clauses are equally reptehensible. The Scrip-
tures truly consider the female the " weaker vessel," and as
such, in cases of seduction, she is, generally, the party " more
sinned against than sinning." The old law was mischievous
on this point, by presenting facilities for perjury in affiliations.
The new law repudiates Scripture, and errs more grossly on the
other side. By throwing. the whole onus of the support of the
offspring, and the whole shame of exposure upon the wo-
man, (except in remote and scarcely tangible cases,) it holds
forth a bonus to the seducer. It, in fact, gives him a carte
blanche—a roving commission, to roam abroad with impu-
nity, " seeking whom he may devour." It is a mere mock-
ery to tell the poor man, whose daughter has been basely
polluted, that he may have his redresi in an action " for the
loss of her services." The cost of his admission through
the gates of the civil courts amounts, to him, to an absolute
denial of justice.
The old poor law, if but slightly amended, and duly admi-
nistered, would meet all the wants of existing society. If in
some of the agricultural districts the parties appointed to
work it either could not or would not follow up its provisions
in accordance with its spirit and intent, let them for Heaven's
sake adopt the new ; but forbid its compulsory introduction
amongst dense communities to whom it is not applicable ! In
a town such as Liverpool, the fluctuations of trade, the great
influx of needy strangers in search of work, or in transitu to
other places, necessarily entail upon us the support or casual
relief of a vast number of men, women, and children. We
are willing to do this—to do, indeed, more than our legiti-
mate share—in consideratiOn of the commercial advantages
we enjoy, and we ask no 'assistance from others in effecting
It: But we protest against anew system which will entail

additional cost upon -us, and at the same time prevent us
from meeting the wants of the necessitous in the effectual
and humane, yet economical, manner we have hitherto been
enabled to pursue.
The new poor law is, in fine, an abortion of a vicious and
imbecile and heartless whip administration ; and I hope and
trust that the coming meeting will, by its numbers and its
influence in wealth and respectability, give such expression
to their sentiments on the subject, as shall induce an abro-
gation of the order of government sent down, and leave us
to the management of our own affairs.
I am, sir, respectfully,
A FRIEND TO THE UNFORTUNATE POOR,
BUT AN ENEMY TO IMPOSITION.
Liverpool, March Bth, 1841.

ON BARBERS AND SHAVING

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD

SlR,—Having just risen from reading that excellent article
(in many respects) in your last number, called " A Chapter
on the Barberous," I must be allowed a small space in your
columns to deny, which I do most positively, that we are a
class of men the " most lightly esteemed," or that we are
lo9ked. upon " as beings of a proscribed race." I freely ad-
mit, sir, that we do not take that professional standing to
which we are so justly entitled ; but I cannot on this account
consent to claim a false sympathy, which I consider the very
important station we do occupy in civilized society.
Is it nothing, sir, that we possess the privilege, which no
one else possesses, of taking by the nose the highest func-
tionaries in this country ? Is it nothing, sir, that neither
peer nor commoner can nightly take his seat in parliament,
without first passing under the skilful hand of one of our
profession ? Is it nothing, sir, that many a fair one's head
has been placed under our daily care, and that the highest
medical practitioners have called us in to their aid? Is it
nothing, sir, that our politics are quoted in parliament, the
late excellent Sir W. Curtis having observed—" I believe,
as that honest fellow Mazingry my barber once said," &c. ?
I trust, also, I am not far wrong in stating, that there is
much error abroad respecting a quotation from Shakspeare,
and that the following is correct :
To shave, or not to shave? That is the question.
Whether 'tis nobler on the chin to grow
A goodly and a bristly crop, or let
Some barber shave them ? To lather, shave,
And on the chin perchance to give a cut—
Ah ! there 's the rub !
Does not every man know the most notorious character
in all London some few years back was .Barbarossa, whose
splendid whiskers were so extensive, that if he condescended
to take the place of not less hairy, though more ignoble cat-
tle, his projecting bushes would sweep the houses on each
side? Have you forgotten, sir, that splendid invention of
our profession, by which a deal box, if well saturated with
the liquid, would the next morning shew to the anxious ob-
server a most beautiful hair trunk? And is it nothing, sir,

that more crops pass under our hands in one year than the
best husbandman could undertake in twenty years, and are
mown with the greatest skill? Has not the exquisiteness of
our profession brought forth remarks from the most severe
of poets ? For instance :
" Satire, like a razor keen,
Should cut with an edge that 's scarcely felt or seen."
And then—clearly having in view such remarks as your cor-
respondent's—

• " Thine is an oyster-knife."
I trust r have proVed, to the sati,faction of all but the
most stiff-bearded of your readers, that we are not " beings
of a proscribed race," &c.
I have the honour to remain, sir,
Your very obedient servant,
J. SHAVALL.
Blackbeard-court, Barbers'-street,
Liverpool, 9th March, 1811.
N.B.—Hours of shaving, 10 to 4.
I may just mention that I am about t 3 take out a patent
for a new machine, to be called the " Shavographia."

THE MAYNOOTH DEBATE

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD,

" Mr. O'Connell said he should begin by saying that he believed
all that was taught at Maynooth, and would not shrink from the
avowal of it."

Supposing the perfection of popery to be concentrated in
the learned gentleman, we cannut be charged with unfairness
in giving the following as a plain state of the case :

" We must not obey apostate princes
411 this I stedfastly believe."

ELL-'

'-DANIEL ()TON.

" Apostates from the faith are excommunicated as also
heretics."—DANlEL O'CoNNELL—" All this I stedfastly
believe."

- " Who bath not known the Calvinists and Lutherans,
who does not see that they are heretics, who have revived
almost every ancient heresy ? Truly there never can be a
heretic if they are not."—DANIEL O'CONNELL-" All this
I stedfastly believe."

" Oaths are dissolved if the thing becomes unlawful, on
account of the prohibition of the superior."—All this I
stedfastly believe." DANIEL O'CONNELL.

" He who owes anything to a heretic, by means of pur-
chase, promise, exchange, pledge, deposit, loan, or any other
contract, is free from the obligation, and is not bound to keep
his promise, bargain, or contract, or his plighted faith, even
though sworn, to a heretic."—" All this I stedfastly believe."
DANIEL O'CONNELL.

" An oath may always be dissolved when the public good
requires it."—" All this I stedfastly believe." DANIEL

O'.CONNELI

PROTESTANT

MEETING OF THE DOCK COMMITTEE

The Dock Committee held their weekly meeting yester-
day. The following members were present :—Messrs. Benn,
Barclay, T. Dolt, Holmes, Quayle, Aiken, Smith, Booth,
Mellor, Sands, G. Holt, Chapman, Martin, Moon, Middle-
ton, Tobin, Ripley, and Evans. Mr. BENN presided.

After the transactions of the routine business, the Sub-
committee, to whom the matters relating to the alterations
in ships' numbers made in the new edition of Marryatt's
signals was referred, made a verbal report to the effect that
nothing could be done at present, except desiring the keepers
of the telegraphs to have reference both to the new and old
editions.

The tender of Mr. Thomas Whitter to erect three lantern
houses for the use of the Comet light-ship was accepted.
Thomas Waller was appointed keeper of the Prince's Dock
weighing machine, at the weekly wages of 255., on his finding
security to the amount of £5O.

The Solicitor to the British North American Association,
transmitted a resolution passed at a meeting of that body,
held on Saturday last, requesting the Dock Committee to
reduce the Dock-rates on timber ships to Is. per ton, such
reduction to commence on the Ist July next.—Some dis-
cussion took place on th;,; application, which ended in the
committee resolving that they could not accede to it.
'Mr. James Logan, owner of the ship Malabar, applied to
have a portion of the Dock-rates charged on that vessel re-
turned, under peculiar circumstances, but the committee,
on consideration, decided that they had no power to remit.
A question concerning the point when a pilot's duties, in
bringing in a ship, determined, and those of the pier master
commenced, was referred to the Harbour-master's sub-
committee.

The meeting then adjourned

WATERLOO COURSING MEETING PI CTCRE.—ThiI pic-
ture, which is to be engraved, excites much attention. It is
the production of a Liverpool artist, and does him infinite
credit: The figures are admirably grouped—the likenesses
capital—many of them there can be "no mistake" about.
We fancy the engraving will be far more attractive than any
other of a similar character, more especially as it will contain
portraits of esteemed Liverpool and Manchester gentlemen.
THE LIVER.—The benefits at the Liver are coming off.
We perceive that Mr. Tilbury, who, as Polonius says, may
be " esteemed a good actor"—makes his appeal on Monday.
His bill is very attractive, and so great a favourite will, no
doubt, be warmly supported.
POST-OFFICE PLACE GALLERY. These magnificent
pictures are attracting numbers of visiters—they are truly
well worth seeing.

The expense of fitting up and furnishing the House of
Lords for the Trial of the Earl of Cardigan amounted to nine
hundred and ninety pounds two shillings.
__
_.

ARRIVALS AT ,THE GRAND JUNCTION HOTEL.—The
Earle and Countess of Charleville, Viscount Jocelyn, the
Lady Elizabeth Cole, Hon. H. Ponsonby, Col. Campbell
Grattan, M.P., G. B. Cole, Esq., the Hon. Capt. Bruce,
R. Hankins, Esq., Lady Shaw Stewart and family, W.
Higham, Esq., C. Woods, Esq., .1. Anderson, Esq., W.
Tyson, Esq., Mr. and Mrs. Balentine, Count Velenskie,
Captain Halker, H. Walmsley, Esq., Captain Daly, Colonel
Grant, F. Fitzpatrick, Esq., Captain Montague, H. Roe,
Esq., the lion. H. Brownlow, T. Pigott, Esq., Mr. and
Mrs. M'lntire and family, Edward Smyth, Esq., Lord
Mount Charles, T. Cockerell, Esq., the Right Hon. T.
Frankland Lewes, Mr. and Mrs. Smart and family.

COLLISION OF TWO STEAM-BOATS ON THE RIVED

—Yes-

terday, about half-past one o'clock, one of the Steam Tog
Company's boats, and the iron Woodside boat the Cleveland,
by some means came in contact, and some slight damage was
done to the latter, but happily no one was hurt. The Wood-
side boat was crossi:ig the river, and got under the hawse of
the other which was towing a flat down the river. The former
was struck abaft the larboard paddle-box, and the blow in-
dented or drove in, flush with her side, the strong gimwale
or fender plank common to river steam-boats. There was
also a slight indenture of the iron, and part of the bulwarks
was carried away. The vessel did not, however, leak. Some
of the ladies in the cabin were thrown from their seats to the
floor by the shock, and several parties on deck were also
shaken a little, and there was considerable alarm amongst
the females in particular for a short time ; but they soon re-
covered their composure, and the vesse continued to ply
throughout the day in her accustomed track.
ATTEMPT TO MURDER MR. BIDDULPII.—The persons
charged with the attempt to assassinate Mr. Biddulpb, in the
King's County, have escaped punishment—not from a con-
viction on the minds of the court or the jury, of the inno-
cence of the prisoners—the impression was all the other
way ; but because one or two of those permitted to be on
the panel refused to agree with their brother-jurors in find-
ing a verdict ! Being good holders-out, and practised
sitters-up, they remained in their room the whole of Mon-
day night, and on Tuesday morning were discharged by the
Lord Chief Justice. The prisoners was sent back to gaol,
where they will have to remain until next assizes, when they
will be tried again.—Dublin Mail.
IMPORTANT.—A gentleman has shown us some writing
paper, the water-mark of which bears the date of 18-12, with
the name George Lloyd. Persons should be cautious in
executing wills or other legal documents on paper so marked,
as the circumstance might at some future time tend to throw
a doubt on their validity.—Bristol Mercury.

EXTRAORDINARY EFFECTS OF THE LATE SEVERE
FROST.—An American visitor, the other day, thus wrote to
a friend in London :—" It was so tarnation unheard of cold
yesterday morning at Brighton, that when I took my kettle
off the fire to make my tea, the boiling water in it was ac-
tually froze

FATAL MISTAKE.—A few nights ago a person named
Coquelin, who lived in a third floor at No. 21, in the Rue du
Alarch6 St. Jean, returned home intoxicated, and having
with difficulty succeeded in undressing himself, threw his
clothes out of an open window, which he mistook for the
opening of the alcove in which his bed was placed. He then
jumped through the window, thinking that he was jumping
into bed, and was not, discovered till next morning. He was
still living, and was able to relate the cause of his disaster,
but he died' two days after of the injuries received in his fall.
—Galignani's Messenger.
THE FLEET PRISON.—A deputation from the Woods and
Forests, attended by the Marshal, visited the Queen's Bench
prison, preparatory to moving over the debtors from the
Feet, which prison is to be pulled clown. By this arrange-
ment the country will save about £15,Q00 per annum, be-
sides getting rid of an ugly object, and room being made for
other contemplated improvemente. It is supposed the
judges will find some difficulty in removing the prisoners
from the Fleet by habeas, and that a short bill will be neces-
sary for that purpose. The expense of the Queen's Bench
prison in its present profitless employment, is about £30,000
per annum to the country.

BURGLARY.—A most daring burglary was committed at
the residence of Mr. Gompertz, 45, Ebury-street, Eaton-
square, on Wednesday evening, the 3d inst., at the early hour
of seven or eight. The thieves effected their entrance at the
back attic window while the family wet e below, though some
of the servants were about and even in the next room. What

of the parapet and the coning, and the construction of the
roof, so inaccessible from the other houses, it was scarcely
possible they could succeed in their attempt; still they not
only managed to do this, but in the short time allotted them
broke open several boxes, ransacked the drawers, and ab-
sconded with considerable property. In the room they en-
tered they forced open a valuable dressing-case, aad stole out
£3O. in sovereigns, together with a small gold watch of some
foreign make, a gold or silver-gilt knife, fork, and spoon,
&c.; from this room they entered the front attic, where one
of the servants had just been dressing, stole her gold watch,
gold locket, and a new silk gown, and thence descended into
the back two-pair, where they broke open the servant's work-
box and stole a silver watch. They then entered another
room, which they completely ransacked, and departed, leav-
ing a carpet bag, ready packed to carry off, of wearing ap-
parel, but being disturbed left it behind them. To prove
how the public should be on their guard against such depre-
dations, it is necessary to state that the thieves entered from
the distance of 12 doors higher up in an empty house, making
their entrance through the attic window.

SINGULAR CASE AT BURY.—A singular case has just
come under the cognizance of the magistrates at Bury. A
Frenchman, a short time ago, waited upon a Mr. Maden,
grocer of that town, and stated that he resided at Manchester,
and had facilities for obtaining various articles of grocery,
spices, &c., which he could sell much below the ordinary
prices. Having conveyed the idea that the goods were cheap
because contraband, and that the buyers had no reason to
apprehend any risk, he succeeded in getting an order from
Mr. Maden, for groceries, to the value of X3o,—for which
the latter paid him £6 5s in cash, .and accepted a bill for six
months, for £25. On the other hand, as the goods were not
delivered, Mr. Maden required some security, and the French-
man deposited with him a gold watch, which has since been
valued, and is worth about £7. As the goods did not come
to hand, Mr. Maden began to think he was duped ; and, a
few days ago, he saw, as he supposed, the same individual,
and caused him to be apprehended ; when it appeared that
the party in custody was a M. Caillie6, a resident of Man-
chester, but, for some years past, a teacher of the French
language at the Grammar School, Bury, and in many highly-
respectable private families in that town and neighbourhood.
M. Cailliti denies all knowledge of the transaction.; and those
who know him best say, that Mr. Maden is deceived by some
strong personal resemblance. A long examination took place
before the Bury magistrates on Monday, when evidence was
gone into ,for the purpose of showing that M. Caillid could
not be the individual who had defrauded Mr. Maden, as on
a particular Wednesday, which the latter spoke to as the day
on which the Frenchman was several hours with him, M.
Cailli6 was engaged in giving lessons at the Grammar School,
and, subsequently, spent several hours in the house of a gen-
tleman in the town. The case is exciting the greatest inte-
rest in Bury ; and it is by many persons believed, that a
striking resemblance has, in this instance, involved an inno-
cent and respectable man in all the odium attaching to a se-
rious charge of fraud.

REPRESENTATION OF LONDON.-Sir Peter Laurie will be
put in nomination at the next election of members of parlia-
ment for the city.

About 80 persons of the Roman Catholic religion, in that
part of the county of Kerry adjoining to the town of Abbey-
feale, 'have quitted the church of Rome, and embraced the
Protestant faith.

The coming of age of Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, Bart.
on the 20th of May next, will be celebrated with great re-
joicings at Wynnstay and his other estates in Wales. The
North Wales Chronicle says, "It is supposed that Lord
Ward will come down specially to preside."
A YANKEL TRICK.—It is reported that Mr. Biddle has
been in the habit of placing the valuable service of plate pre-
sented him by the directors of the United States Baidlt, at
Phladelphia, for safe keeping, in the vaults of the bank,
onl of drawing it out on occasions when its use was de-
sirable. The other day he sent for it, and received for an-

swer that " it had been placed to his credit."
Courier and Enquirer.
THREATENED WAR WITH AMERICA.—SHEERNESS,
MARCH S.—Her Majesty's ships Monarch and Vernon have
received orders to expedite their fitment, and then proceed
to Spithead for orders. It is reported that, owing to recent
differences, America, is their destination.—Morning Herald.

New York

MORE PREPARATIONS—NEWS FOR JONATHAN—PORTS-
MOUTH, MARCH 6.—This morning her Majesty's ship Indus,
Capt. Sir James Stirling*, and the Tweed, Commander Doug-
las, were towed out of harbour, for Spithead, for orders, sup-
posed to be America. The Tweed, in going out of harbour,
very nearly got on shore; her moorings were cast off before
the Alban steamer, which was to tow her out, got headway
on her, and a strong addy of the flood-tide running at the
time, veered her head round, and, running on the logs, the
Tweed was obliged to let go her anchor.—Morning Herald.
POOR LAW HUMANITY.—An adjourned inquest was held
on Thursday before Mr. Wakley, in the board-room of the
Brentford Union Workhouse, on the body of a child twelve
months old, named William Sweeper, who died in that esta-
blishment on the 14th instant. The inquiry was instituted
in consequence of a statement made by the mother of the
deceased, and that the child had not died from small pox, as
stated by the Union undertaker, but from want of the
breast, having been separated from its mother. From the
examination of the witnesses, which was a very long one, it
was apparent that, although the child died from natural
causes, yet, as it was observed by the coroner, there was
shown a great neglect in the feelings of a parent in the mode
of treating the deceased, an opinion in which tiae jury ap-
peared unanimously to concur. The verdict returned was—
Natural death, caused by irritation front teething.
FEMALE EDUCATION IN INDIA.—On Wednesday week,

a public meeting was held in the Caledonian Schoolroom,
Edinburgh, the purpose of which was to form an auxiliary
to the Scottisk Ladies' Association in that city, for the Ad-
vancement of Female Education in India, under the superin-
tendence of missionaries of the Established Church of Scot-
land. There was a numerous attendance of ladies and gen-
tlemen. Dr. Ralph presided, and in opening the business
he drew the attention of the audience to the influence of the
female sei, for good or for evil, upon human society—to an
affecting account of Hindoo superstition as it bears upon
woman—the low and degraded position it assigns her—its
debasing influence upon her character, and its consequent
ruinous results upon society, and especially upon the rising
generation; and urged it with much feeling energy, as at
once the peculiar duty and privilege of the ladies of this
Christian land, to exert their utmost influence to rescue their
sister subjects of India from the wretchedness and slavery
to which they are doomed. He stated that the Church of
Rome had lately sent out several " sisters of charity " to
prosecute the same design, and pressed this as an additional
reason why those who teach a purer faith should put forth
more strenuous exertions in behalf of the helpless Hindoo.
An association was then formed, to be called the Liverpool
and Woodside Auxiliary to the Scottish Ladies' Association
for the Advancement of Female Education in India.

ADROIT SWINDLING.—A. pretty young girl, scarcely 10
years old, neatly dressed in a silk frock and velvet bonnet,
was found the day before yesterday crying for her maid in
the Rue de Cond6, near the Odeon theatre. An upholsterer
kindly took her into his shop, and was told by her that she
lived in the Rue Saint Louis-au-Marais, and had been walk-
ing in the Garden of the Luxembourg with her maid, who
was sure to come back for her, as she dared not return home
without her. The upholsterer and his wife amused them-
selves with her chattering till they were obliged to attend to
some customers who came in, their little guest having be-
come quite at her ease, and running about the warehouse
admiring the fine things it contained. Being again at liberty,
the tradesman and his wife again thought of the little girl,
but she was no where to be found, and they concluded that
she had seen her maid, and was gone home. Some time
afterwards, however, they missed a watch which was hung
by the fireside, and on searching further, discovered that four
pieces of plate, which were with others in a beaufet that had
been left open, were also carried off.—Galignani's Messenger.

THE MURDER OF ELIZA GRIMWOOD.-It will be recol-
lected that at the time of the murder of the unfortunate Eliza
Grimwood, she was previously cohabiting with a man named
William Hubbard, her cousin, and against whom there was
a strong suspicion that he was privy to the foul transaction.

On that charge he was several times exanined at the police-
office of Union-hall, and since then the police have always
watched his motions. He died last Tuesday week at the
house of his brother, No. 21, Castle-street, Borough-market.
He was brought home the Friday previous, having been at-
tacked with inflammation of the lungs. His complaint daily
got worse, and he died the Tuesday following. He was aware
that his end was approaching, and shortly before he expired
he exclaimed, " Eliza, I see you. You have been waiting
for me a long while. Wait a minute, lam coming." He
then placed his right hand upon his heart, and in a few
minutes after ejaculated, " Release me now." He was sup-
ported by his sister, and soon after died in her arms, without
alluding further to the dreadful deed. Hubbard used fre-
quently to allude to the murder, and when in conversation
upon the subject, he always said that lie was prepared for the
fullest investigation into his conduct.

DARING BURGLARY NEAR CHESTER.—A most audacious
robbery was committed on Tuesday morning, the 2d instant,
at the house of Mr. Ardern, an elderly gentleman of consi-
derable property, residing (with his sister and two female
servants) at Utkinton. About one o'clock in the morning,
one of the servants was alarmed by the dogs barking, and
she left her bedroom in order to see if all the doors were
secured. She double bolted the doors, and fastened an
inner door, between the hail and the kitchen, with small
bolts and an iron bar. Before she had time to get up stairs,
she heard a crash at the outer door, as if it was beaten in,
which proved to be the case, and immediately afterwards a
crash at an inner door, which proved to be that leading into
the pantry. She then went up stairs to give the alarm to the
family, and immediately heard a third crash, by which the
inner door she had fastened with the iron bar was also
forced. She went to one of the windows to give the alarm,
but was prevented doing so by a man who was stationed out-
side. The other servant hau gone to Mr. Ardern's room to
alarm him, and attempted to spring a rattle at the window,
but was also prevented, by being assailed with a volley of
large stones, which broke the windows, and severely hurt
her. The other servant, about this time, was met at the top
of the stairs by three men, one of whom seized her, and told
her not to be alarmed, as they would not hurt her, all that
they wanted being money. They then went into Mr. Ar-
dern's room, where that gentleman was confined from indis-
position, and then put the other servant under the bed
clothes, with her face down, and guarded her and her master
with pistols. They then made a formal demand on Mr.
Ardent for £3OO, which they stated they knew he had in the
house. Miss Ardern overhearing this demand, came into
the room, and told them that so much money was not in the
house, and that all they had was in a caddie, which she
pointed to. They immediately broke that open, and took
out of it thirteen sovereigns. They also broke open in the
same room a chest, from which they took Mr. Ardern's
watch. They went into an adjoining room, and broke open
several drawers, and took away Miss Ardern's gold watch.
They broke open several'other boxes in the house, in order
to search for valuable property, and after doing a great deal
of damage left the premises, first fastening the outer door in
order to prevent pursuit. There were six persons at least
concerned in this gross outrage, and it qccupied a short
space of time, as they were very quick and determined in
their operations. They appeared to have been well fur-
nished with all the implements of their nefarious profession,
fire arms, jemmies, &c. The doors were burst in by the aid
of a large piece of timber, eight or nine feet long, and about
seven or eight inches round, which was used as a battering
ram ; they found it upon Mr. Ardern's premises, and also
left it behind them. They committed no personal outrage
beyond stoning the servants from the windows, in order to
prevent them giving any alarm. A handsome reward has
been offered for their detection.

CHANGE or Atß..—This country offers abundant ways of
obtaining change of air of a very marked character; parti-
cularly in the transition from the southern and sea-girt
counties to the midland ones, or from these to the upland
regions of Yorkshire and Northumberland ; the passing from
the bracing and dry north-west or north-east corners of
England to the south-west and south angles—warmer, but
moist and relaxing ; together with many other changes that
may be suggested to patients by a medical man conversant
with the several topographies of the country, and above all
with the general aspects of the town ar.d villages.—Gran-
ville'a Spas of Eng Mad.

KNOWING THE WonLn.—The great and constant danger
to which children in the higher walks of life are exposed is
the prevailing turn and spirit of general conversation. Even
the children of better families, who are well instructed when
at their studies, are yet at other times continually beholding
the world, set up in the highest and most advantageous points
of view. Seeing the world, knowing the world, standing
well in the world, making a figure in the world, is spoken of
as including the whole sum and substance of human advan-
tages. They hear their education almost exclusively attended
to with reference to the figure it will enable them to make in
the world. In almost all companies, they hear all that the
world admires spoken of with admiration ; rank flattered,
fame courted, power sought, beauty invoked, money con-
sidered as the one thing needful, and as the atoning substi-
tute for the want of all other things. The phrase, " know-
ing the world," is commonly applied, or misapplied, in the
way of panegyric, to keen, designing, selfish, ambitious men
who study mankind in order to turn it to their own account.
But, in the true sense of the expression, the sense which
Christian parents would wish to impress upon their children,
to know the world is to know its emptiness, its vanity, its
utility, and its wickedness. To know it is to despise it ; and,
in this view, an obscure Christian in a village maybe said to
know the world better than a hungry courtier, or a wily po-
litician ; for how can they be said to know it, who go on to
value it, to love it, to be led captive by its allurements, to
give their soul in exchange for its lying vanities.—Mrs. H.
Moore.

LAST DAYS OF BEETHOVEN.—On the 2nd December,
1826, Beethoven, with his nephew, returned sick to Vienna ;
but it was nut till several days afterwards that I heard of his
situation, or even of his arrival. I hastened to him, and,
among other details, which shocked me much, learned that
he had often in vain entreated his two former physicians,
Drs. Braunhofer and Studenheim, to undertake his case;
the first declining to do so, because the distance was too
great for him to come; and the second, indeed, promising to
come, but not keeping his word. A physician was sent to
his house, he did not know how, or by whom, and who, con-
sequently, knew nothing of him or his constitution. When.
however, this physician (the excellent Dr. Wawruch, clinical
professor,) visited Beethoven's sick bed, I heard from his own
mouth how it happened, and it affords an additional proof
that this man, belonging to the world and to posterity, was
abandoned by his nearest relations, who had so much cause
to be grateful to him ; not merely abandoned, indeed, but be-
trayed and sold. Professor Wawruch related to me that he
had been sent to Beethoven by the marker at a billiard-table
at a coffee-house, who being, on account of illness, brought
to the hospital, had mentioned that some days before the
nephew of Beethoven had come toteohffierne:htohuesme warhkeerre, heto
played at billiards, and commissioned .
at a billiard
findw ell aa physiciantthe tim e time, he
hadhis sicknot uncle;i)een a
n leb but being b;o1 nsgo
,extremely
therefore
fuonr e-
the beggedni g
highest
respectprofessor f
o rto t
hvisit
artist,
h.e_:ta d.
immediately n t e entertaining
ai n idone,ng
andnd
ahnaede . on
jth:a
s arrivalne necessary
s stilla r y
thenfo u found
rh
theim without
marker
cr medicalstioc.
nl.
aaankt d-e
fpossessed, consisting of a few bank
ttaeble to fall sick and be takenhitniomttspleeel hospital,
ftiombeliogfednbeeecifdtoh.r e the great
Von assistance.ll reu ni
n g
,Tahnids brother
myself,
tiseharassed, Beethovenoft
heinoßi
,couldaltyehteph rapovopi le:eenstraet
finyiatchaeheneopdl
to his brother for
ii}:eicti,yorvh:aism
declined letting Beethoven have any of his hay, when two,
physicians had
nslinaeraesa,y,or apply
P naohtayovodapeonuoru-bgaht.h ;
Yet
tegtihnigs
as an excuse tlh)la.etsehr
" unbrotherly brother," as
Beethoven called him, rich as he
was, wished to share in the little that
the composer pos-
sessed.—llis life; just published.