The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-12-23 00:00:00

2:3 1 Fs' 4-3.

a6trate, Wl5 an object of respect new, it is a SUN-C.-et-dr
contempt.
Then none. but men ‘ot iVealth and educa- •
tion—theprimatesor a (riwn-r-eve:i bsecime-thembera -
4 c°'Porat ;c;r?' ; now h-;:!:" -riffi4rare aft eligible rt-O.Mem
11 -.- •
"ship with mitniiphl. body. Then theinhabitintS.:.
knew rtotlthlgr: of those feverish =and'faial. 'ekcifernetits
which nosy, exlce-it-ate the' hooni.-61. every
citizen; a.T ive- admit, for iliWstike of argument, that,
-a_ acre;
a few dti. few acre land.sit-661d;
m tinder' -
system;:be let
f ; •
such af' annum more than ender the bl-d;:-14-
economy a eninpensition for all the ritiss'a
calamity with till ch the country is now inflicted?:- 'W'e;
certainly cannot h6ast of "Myer patt; onage in the' disposal
hof
municipal officers; or of Men, in -office, possessed of
higher Pet,onal virtue; 'or -endowed with stipetiot atsilitr
--with o'l4 aCter more sacred to pres'erve, or sensihility
More aline to public censure. No : for peace we have
pot dcord ;. for social- sVinpathies,- rancorous personal
; for substantial erupt), ',presumption.,
`With the 'Oat we feelingly.eclaitn,
" now ill 'exchanged.are things litre ihose,:for these.".
From the narrow gpaie within- which we are obliged ta:
confine our ObSdrs;atious, we have restricted _ourselves to.,
a Mere sketch of' one or two of the -effects of thernunici,
Pal reform htit we -think -even these brief and
Perfectlydra vvn antlinesWill be suffiCient to show to.every.,
candid mind thelatal-consequences---of reforni----=that it has
°Pened those flood gates which kepi Otxt-the raging *ayes.
rebelti6n and political .(lesiAation;—that th64beient has.
already broken- "Awn some of -finest mounds of. the
"nstitutiOn and Alreatens, if-to effectual barrier can -be
raised to-obstruct its-cotirse;-to wash away every trace of
°lir ancient and venerable.in-Stitutions. -• •••

We earnestly implore every man who•professes to love
hiB country—who reads its history with -:patriotic feeling
'who is proud of-the character which past generations
have conferred 'upon the name of Britain—to raise his.
"ice, and employ his influence, to stop this work of de-
struct We appeal to the dispassionate observation of
impartial:Th.lth to confirm- our fears; and We defy, the
enemies of peace.; the 'my-rmitloirs-of reform, to'point to
°ne positively good result; the legitimate offspring of in-
novation; which wisdom and' thinness might' not have
witho.ut this blot upon- the statute book. We
feel tbe'rnoreimportiinate upon this 'all-involving sub—
ject, beeause we believe the torch wide!) has already been
applied to one P'art:'of the -constitutional. temple, and ac.-
"mplisheditsruin, is abut. to be thrust into another,
till the work' of destruCliOn/-Shall' be complete. This
therefo a subject ;Ala .C.Ornea. home to our bosoms;
and we know not in what way the feeble efforts of our
Pen could be so usefully employed, as lir warning our
countrymen of these approaching dangers; in which,
thouglalie stakes may differ, there is' no- one---no --not
even tlfeincendiary -hand itself that carries the.flame
but has.'" his all at issue.

'Perhaps ire may be asked by the " upright heart and
Pure" i.that step is to be taken,to avert these evils—iri:
what spot` of -the' constitutional canip his services can he
triosraAilable ? Our answer is brief.. • Follow where-
ever tlie 'leaders of-conservatism may advance. When
parliarUent shall again Meet let your sentiments be
known to yotir fellow-toWnsmen, that yoUr opinions may
give rise to a'public expression. Should a genet al elec.
lion be precipitated, suppOrt those who hive already
stood forwards the Champions of your liberties and of
Your institutions-----divil,' religious, and political—who
have fought, manfully and successfully, against the fur-
ther incursions of pluhdering reforin—who have mana-
cled the venal hands of spoliation. We shall ever be at
our post,- upon the watch-tower of duty, and we shall
give timely notice of every movement of the enemy. It
is not for speculative points we are contending—the, as-
ctndancy of one party or the discomfiture of another—it
is "pro axis et focis"—for deliverance from infidel and
insurrectionary tyratiny:--it is that England may never
he ashaiged or " afraid to know herself." -
• •

It 'lli's (I;but we know not with what truth:
that a3l2lAini‘t wag: never rotinil.in a madhonie.: Although

{iramatiied with all the it of the age of Shakspeare, and
ritlicideAt with all the pleaiantry of Erasmus, and exposed
to the'ssfiafia of Quevedo, chemistry has always been
a favoiMie with mankind;' and now' that she is clothed
in theMber vest ores of genuine philosophy, she is be-

come.gh obi& of veneration. Her empire is co-extensive
with iiitlficre herself; and a {hover cannot blush before
the stiletillti"&lilrd exhale the'air of heaven, but chemis-
try stWaaVal'ltz'ancl explains the 'Physiological laws of
vegetai!.teliiiii animal life upon which both depend. But
'our lattilliMan'UW to Acflipon Mr. Hemming—a task
vre pleasure.
ViTPAAß''iiiiite agree With Mr. ll.'s distinetion be-
tweerltteiVeriaisapolir.... "Steam," he says, " is the
rapotpt4ilWift dll2 degreeS; but vapour is the tern-i.
4pplieif wimen vaporization takes place.at lower"teMpera-
tures," « *should prefer calling steam, that state of
water in which it is rendered invisible by combination
with caloric ; vapour. that state of water Which 'appears
When so touch caloric 'is abstracted from, steam as to
render it visible. Let us begin at what temperature we
May, if a portion of water at such 'temperature were
introdlced into a vacuum, a part of it would rise into the
vacuum, and be invisible, like steam ; and mathematical
formulw have been contrived to express this 'quantity at
all temperatures;` so that steam is only a satins, when
water is exposed to pressure. But if we take a volume
of steam, or steam and air, and abstract a sufficient.por-
tion grille caloric from them, there will instantly appear
i(PortiOri.of vapour. Neither do we see the application
of the'" electrified sponge" to the explanation, of thephe-
nomenon of rain. In the first place, the hypothesis is not
supprted by the fundamental desideratum, viz., that
electricity will cause water .to assume a gaseous form
Etat titilipOse a volume of air saturated with moistures
and charged with positive electricity, to,meet a like vo-
lume of air charged with negative electricity, the contact
of these two would iestore electric equilibrium ; but if
the mean tenzperature of the vnlumes of air after inter-
fusion.were'stifficient to hold'the water in solution, there
would, occourse, be no precipitation,. The action of
electrieity upon damp sponge, or water in a cipillary
tube, is altogether different. In this case, there is but
one kind of eleetricity,.and the flux of the water from the
tube, as Well :as its diminished cohesion to the sponge,
may be explained upOn the prinCiple of repulsion, which
We knots, under such circumstancef,, Wotild take place.
earp disposed to trust in the ,“ cut dcy of Dr. Hutton's
theOrY, though we confess that we' had not given Dr.
Hutton the credit of the discovery.
In, ex plaining the formatinn of dew, Mr. H. has very
torrectly stated the theory—Of Dr. Wells, with Which we
are acquainted, as alsO the experinienii of Dnfay bLut
We are hi no means satisfied that the laves `of radiation
are yet established upon sufficient evidence to warrant
their. application to natural phenornena: A newspaper,
toWeVer, is not the channel, neither is this the occasion;
for entering into a diScussion of this interesting question.
We apprehend that Mr. H. hai ascribed powers to the
heated water in brewers' coppers which are never called
into action; for the operation of mashing is not carried
43n fit the coppers, but in distinct vessels ; and the water,
heated, as .Mr. H_ ._correctly observes, to 250, will sink
down to 212 in -the act of transit froM the copper to those
vessels;_ so that this explanation of the superiority of the
110qer..of great brewers over the porter of little brewers
•entirely fails. The fact notwithstanding is, we llelieve,
lueontestible.
The variation of the boiling point of water, as dePen-

lent, upon the pressure of the. air, is very satisfactorily
explained, and also the height which . corresponds With
°lle-degree of temperature. That an instrument might
he contrived..ta measure altitudes upon this principle we
4°-not doubt, but the use of it would be attended with
gre.at.inconyenience. We have ourielves contrived a
barometer _without mercury, whicheihibits a variation
of full one, quarter of an inch for every ten feet of rilti-
tll4.; and the scale is capable of great extension. For
th's33fliefit of our readers we think it not: useless ici-state,
tlret,.
of vitriol and water, which Mr..H.- here .philoso-
Ahically used to boil water, may frequently be employed,
in-cases.of emergency, to
-produce a quantity of kot
konce,,provcd so 10 ourselves., A littly‘ias- taken very-
tl4
-1,0! iii the middle of the-.night, with great disposition
t?::-"TIIitirg, and we iniircringeilier a quantity. of oil of.
in a ceinm....U4,lWii;;;-hlsand-basin, ark im