The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1854-05-02 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, AND GENERAL COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER

THE WAR.

CONSTANTINOPLE, APRIL 13.—The Banshee, which
proceeded to e Black Sea with the declaration of war,
and despatc . • or Admirals Dundas and Hamelin, re-
turned to afr. tinople on Tuesday, and brought the
following most important intelligence :—Her Majesty's
steamer Furious was detached from the fleet, which was
lying at anchor in Kavarna Bay, sent to Odessa to fetch
the British and French Consuls, Mr. Jeames and M.
Segur. She was fired at, as was also the boat which was
launched and being sent on shore with a flag of truce. On
the Furious rejoining the squadron, the British and French
Admirals held a council, and it was resolved to proceed
immediately to Odessa and bombard the town. When the
Banshee left Kavarna Bay, the combined squadrons were
weighing anchor. The feeling that spread through the
whole fleet, on hearing that a boat's crew of the Furious,
bearing a flag of truce, had been fired upon by the
Russians, may be easily imagined. The Fury captured a
Russian schooner, but was chased by five Russian vessels
of war from Sebastopol, and was compelled to abandon
the schooner. She kept the crew as hostages. There was
a general illumination on the 10th, on board the vessels
of the fleets, when the Banshee brought the order to com-
mence hostilities. The departure of the fleet for Odessa
was imminent.
CONSTANTINOPLE, Apnrr, 17.—A fearful storm, with
snow, is raging. 1,600 English troops have arrived in the
Himalaya, and are quartered in the new barracks at
Scutari. There are 25,000 French and 8,000 English at
Gallipoli, and provisions are very scarce.. A French regi-
ment and a detachment of one of the Highland regiments
have gone on to Adrianople. From the army of Asia we
learn that 4,000 men refused to march from Erzeroum to
Kars on account of their arrears of pay.
ATHENS, APRIL 21.—The Gulf of Corinth is guarded
by French ships of war, and the communication between
the continent and the Peliponesus is almost entirely cut off.
The Greek government has been informed that no Greek

volunteers will be allowed to enter Turkey. The whole
of Southern Thessaly is in arms. The Turks are said to
have been defeated at Mezzovo.

A despatch from Vienna, dated 24th, states that a sharp
combat took place on the 16th before Kalafat. Sixteen
squadrons of hussars and eight squadrons of Cossacks,
with six pieces of cannon, having come to make a recon-
naissance of the Turkish lines, the Pasha sent against
them two regiments of regular troops, some bachi-
bouzouks, and six pieces of cannon. The combat lasted
three hours. The Russians were vigorously repulsed as
far as Maglavit, with a loss of 500 men. The Turks had
only 14 killed, and 33 wounded.

VIENNA, APRIL 25.—Despatches from Bucharest an-
nounce that Marshal Paskiewitsch has given orders that
Lesser Wallachia shall be evacuated, that the communica-
tion with Servia shall be interrupted, and that all the free
corps shall be dissolved.
Advices from Alexandria of the 19th April announce
that all Greeks will be expelled from Egypt on the Ist of
May. The Turks still hold the citadel of Arta. The town
has been entirely destroyed. 15,0(X) insurgents invest
Janina. The whole of Epirus is up in arms. Provesa is
tranquil.
There has been sharp fighting at Trajan's Wall. The
Russians were drawn into an ambuscade, and suffered a
heap loss of men and artillery. The Russians passed
Trajans's Wall on the 7th.
COPENHAGEN, Amu, 25.—Helsingfors is nearly open.
Eighteen prizes had been taken in the Baltic. To render
the blockade of the coast of Finland effective; one division
of the English fleet has gone to the Gulf of Finland, the
other to the Gulf of Bothnia. All the vessels of the French
Baltic squadron which left Brest are in Kisge Bay.
PARIS, 28th AraiL.—.The Moniteur announces that,
according to a telegraphic despatch from Belgrade of the
27th, the Russians had experienced a considerable• check
at Czernawoda, in the Dobrudscha, and that they had
evacuated Lesser Wallachia.
VIENNA, Aram 26.—For unknown reasons all the• Ru-
ssian force is retiring from Kalafat to Krajova. The eva-
cuation of Lesser Wallachia has been resolved on, and the
troops are retiring on• Bucharest, with their hospitals and
munitions of war in 1,000, waggons.
TRIESTE, APRIL 26:—Persia has officially declared a'
strict neutrality. The French steamer Caiman has been
wrecked on the Abyssian coast.
The St. Petersburg• Journal contains a notice. that
English and French vessel& will be allowed six weeks
from the 19th April 'to clear out of Russian ports in the
Blaek Sea and Sea of Azoff; and six weeks from the 7th of
May to clear out of Russian ports in the Baltic. Enemies'
property in neutral bottoms• will be regarded as inviolable,
and may be imported into Rhosia. The subjects of neutral
powers on board enemies' ships• will be unmolested.
A medical journal gives some-curious details on the losses
sustained by the Russian army in the campaigns of 1828
and. 18es against Turkey. Out of 115,000 Russians who
at that time crossed the Prutlo.only from 10,000 to 15;000
returned to their country, the remainder having fallen,
not on fields of battle, but in the hospitals, from inter-
mittent fevers, dysentery, and plague. Scarcely had the
Russian soldiers in 1828 entered Bulgaria, where the tem-
perature•between the day and the-night varies as much as
16 degrees, and where the dews fall like fine and searching
rain, than their health began Yosuffer ; they were attacked
with a contagious fever, which the most rigid precautions
could not check. In less than one year the number of
patients in. the hospitals and field hospitals reached to
210,108, in• consequence of many having been attacked
more than once with the same- disease. Many of those
who recovered from the•fever were afterwards carried off
by scurvy,.which reigned amongst the troops to a frightful
extent..

The aecounts received from. St. Petersburg speak of the
financial difficulties of Russia as increasing with so much
rapidity that a climax may he daily expected. It appears
that, in his last ukase, the Czar-has ordered an augmenta-
tion to, his army of 144,000 men. Upon this the Pays
remarks that it is very easy to order such levies, but that
a ukase will not create finances, nor ammunition, nor
provender,, nor the many thousand etceteras which. are
indispensable in order to make an army formidable or
efficient In the Hungarian wai., which was a mere.joke.
when compared with the present gigantic struggle, andin
which the. Czar had oLly 120,000 men engaged, he was
forced to have recourse to England for a loan, and he
actually contracted one in; London for 137 millions. The•
present war has forced almost all the powers of Europnto
contract loans. France has completed hers ; England is.
adding six millions to, her %sating debt ; and Austria is,
at the•present moment endeavouring to negociate a loan,.
which. she would be glad to, get in London or anywhere
else. But where is. the. Czar to turn for the money-which
he requires, and which he has not got ?
The following is a translation of the text of the,Treaty
concluded between Austria and Prussia :

" Penetrated with a eonvialon of the obligation. which
the protocol lately signed in Vienna, in community with
the Western powers, has imposed on Austria and!Prussia,
in spite of the inefficacy of all their previous efforts. at
mediation, these two. German powers have for the- whole
term of the war between Russia and the Western powers,
concluded a convention, couched on a similar base. with the
convention between. France and England, and, serving as a
groundwork for a future peace, as it Is laid down in thelast
Vienna protocol. The difference that exists between the
two Conventions arises simply from the differences of the
interests which in Austria and Prussia have been en-
dangered by the European balance of power being threat-
ened by Russia, from those that are endangered in. England
and France and in either of these countries taken separately.
The stipulations of the Prusso.Austrian treaty of alliance,
offensive and defensive, are contained in the following
three main points :
"1. Austria and Prussia mutually guarantee to each
other the preservation of their present extent of territory,
both within and without the German Confederation, so
that any violation of the territory of the one shall be
looked on as equivalent to an invasion. of the other.
" 2 Austria and Prussia bind themselves mutually to
aid and assist each other, if necessary, even aggressively,
as soon as either of them considers German intrests to be
endangered, and the other coincides in that view. Defi-
nite conjectures in which this aid and conjecture must be
afforded, are provided for in a separate memorandum, for-
ming, however, an integral part of the convention. To
give full weight to this treaty suitable military measures
shall be taken at stated intervals. The period, the extent,
and the nature of these military measures, are reserved
for special arrangements.
"3. All the members of the German confederation are
invited to join in this alliance for protecting the common
interests of Germany, and to support it in conformity with
the obligations imposed on them by the constitution of
the Band."

ABD-EL-KADER AND THBWAR.—The Cologne Gazette
publishes a despatch from Constantinople of the Bth, which
states that some Frenoh officers are treating, at Broussa,
with Abd-el-Kader, to induce him to take the command
of an Arab corps, and that the Emir seems inclined to
comply.

TiiJAN'S WALL.—Trajan's Wall, built originally by
the Emperor Trajan, to defend the Roman province of
Mcesia from barbarian incursions, is about thirty-five or
forty English miles in length, from the Danube to the
Black Sea. It is about eight or ten English feet high ;
and as the Turks have now cleared the fosse in front of it,
whilst the western portion is still further and indepen-
dently strengthened by a line of deep lakes, and by the
deep swampy vale or dell of Karrasu, the line is one of
imposing strength ; and about 1,000 or 2,000 feet (for the
distance varies) to the south of the rampart we have just
described runs another rampart of a similar character and
strength, called the South Wall.
TUB TIME FOR TAKING CRONSTADT.—me following
story is told by the Prease :—Some years since the Em-
peror Nicholas, acting himself as Cicerone, conducted an
English admiral over the fortifications of Cronstadt, when
the following conversation took place :—" You will admit,
admiral, that this is a magnificent fortress, and as im-
pregnableas Gibraltar ?" "Oh, sire, no fort but Gibraltar
is impregnable. ' What, then, is your opinion of Cron-
stadt ?" "Itis a good fortress, and one difficult to take."
" Yes, doubtless, difficult. It could not be done with 15
ships." " Could it be done with 20 ?" " Not easily."
" With 25 ?" "It would take a fortnight." " With 35 ?"
"Oh, your Majesty, fifteen hours !"

CONDITION OF OUR TROOPS AT GA.LIPOLL—We are
encamped by the side of the French at Galipoli. We let
them get the start of us, it is true, and they have very
naturally
themselves of that start to secure
sion he best , quarterspretty much as we should have
f t availed
done in their case. But now is the time to compare notes.
Already complaints reach us from quarters that would
hardly be suspected. Men full of young blood, brave,
chivalrous, sanguine, caring for nothing but distinction,
and therefore no more disposed to complain of trifles than
if they were deer-stalking or fly-fishing, do complain, not
so much for themselves as for their men. As to Galipoli,
seeing that the
situation has been selected entirely on
strategical principles, it is useless to lament that on the
spot chosen for the abode of a large army for we know not
how long, there is but scanty water, no shelter, and nei-
ther tree nor blade of glass. Those inconveniences are
common to us and our allies. But the management on
our side, we are told, is " infamous," and the contrast
offered by our proceedings to those of the French most
painful. Will it be believed—and the character of our
informant does not permit us to doubt—the sick have not
a bed to lie upon ? ` They are landed and thrust into a
ricketty building, without a chair to sit upon, or a door
that will shut. The French, with their ambulances, ex-
cellent commissariat staff, and boulangeries, are, in every
respect, immensely our superiors. While no attempts are
made to rectify these deficiencies, Sir George Brewp," we