The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-02-09 00:00:00

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

SOUTH •AMERICA.
Pegg.—We have advices front Peru which mention that the
republic had been divided into two states, called North anti
South Pe, t. and that Santa Cruz had been called to the head of
the confederation. The only ports of entry for foreign vesseli'
were Callao, Heranchaco, and Paytor.. -Immediately on the
arrival of a-foreign vessel, the captain must
.present his mani-
fest in his own language, expressing the marks and numbers
of the packages, weignt of the articles in bulk, and burden of
the ,vessel, for which a period of four hours is allowed from the
time of boarding. Any .excess found on board above the (titan-
titv mrinifested is subject to confiscation if it ericeed 5 per cent.,
and, if less than 5 per cent., double duties on such excess' will
be charged. Those articles which will be admitted free of duty
are coal, maps, and charts, quicksilver, prints, and books of in-
struction in drawing, natural and scientific curiosities, globes,
presses and other printing materials, instruments for
tools of ttiide imported by artisans for their own use, surgical
and mathematicad instruments, tombstones, stills awl 'machi-
nery, gold and silver in bars, dust, or coin, parcels of plants,
except pulse for purposes -of sale, spars, paving•stoties, music-
paper, and books. The following articles are prohibited:—
guus,
pistols,, carbines, powder, indecent or immoral books and
paintings, and lead except. shot and in sheets. Vessels are to
pay 10 dollars port duties on anchorage, and two reals Per tin
provided they land or load cargo. Whale ships are exempt
from pay ina tonnage dues, unless they discharge goods over the
value of 200 (knit's.

Mexico.-IVe have further acconnts from Mexico. A slight
earthquake had occurred taeie on the 28fn Nov.; it lasted five
minutes, but was productive of no serious injury. The ministei•
of the interior had issued instructions to the governments of the
departments to employ every menus to suppress the abuses ex-
isting in the liberty of the press, to proseeute and punish all
those who use the press as a medium fur circulating sedition and
disturbing the tranquillity of the country. The Apaches still
continued to ravage the country of Chihichna. The inhabitants
of Iluejohlact asSenibted • their forces,.and, headed by Dr. M.
Ralz,a justice-of the peace, advanced to inset them. The action
was sanguinary and protracted; but, finally, the Mexicans were
overwhelmed with numbers and compelled to fly, leaving a large
number of their forces dead upon the field, among others their
coMmander and several respectable citizens. The survivors
had applied to the prefect of 13a1iza fur additional troops.
advices from ltio Janeiro we learn that .the
new government had been very energetic, and that public con-
fidence was much- restored: Money was abundant, and the
ministry were active in fining out au expedition against Bahia,
and it was confidently expected that the reinforceMent of troops
_would soon change the aspect of things there. The market at
Rif lalieiro was overstocked with ordinary Itystm 'tea-s, but
good tea was 'ranted. The supplies of coffee had been abund-
ant, buti4erferally.of ordinary quality. Freight continued high.
No Vessels remained for charter. Specie was in demand at
full prices.• The stuck of coffee to the middle of November was
`15,0U0 vag§. •

GLASGOW CONSERVATIVE OPERATIVES'
ASSOCIATION.

( From the Scottish Guardian.)
It will not lie expected that the report of a society like the
present, and least of all When it has completed but the first
year of its existence, should contain either fulness or diversity
of detail. The objects which the association proposed for itself
ate few•and simple,and its operations will' be less observed in
their silent progress than in their gradual results. The primary
.object of its projectors was to establish a rallying point fur-the
friends of the constitution amongst the working classes in this
city, and thins to unite their moral and political influence in the
defence of those ;;rent constitutional piinciples. which utter
sections of the working classes wete Combined to subvert. It
was a new ei.periment in Scotland. It originated in the spon-
taneous leeliugs-of the working classes themselves. It has been
upheld and promoted by their unaided exertions; and it has
been followed with success that has surpassed their expectations,
that pledges them to persevere in their efforts, and that en-
couraAes them to hope fur increasing prosperity and usefulness.
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES:

The fundamental principle of our union we presume to state
in terms which have been exclusively arrogated by lioliticiatis
of another school:—We are of opinion that the entt and aim
of government should be. to • promote "the greatest:possible
happiness of the greatest possible number." These familar and
simple words, however they have been misapplied; see conceive
to be expressive of a principle that lies at the basis of the Divine
administration both in the physical and moral world., Philoso-
phers te:l us-that the common result of-the disposal of the irra-
tional creation is and ever has been, the greatest posible amount
of animal - enjoyment to the greatest number, of individuals ;
and-a nigher an,i purer philOsophy has disclosed to us what
human sagacity has failed to discover, that the object in the
eteation of man was, that he might honour and enjoy his Crea-
tor here, prepatory to the perfection of his enjoyment hereafter.
We conclude, then, that titsnearer the type of human govern-
mews—the government of families, the government of com-
munities, an& the government of nations—is approximated to
the benevolent geutusaif the•Diviue administration, the greater
will be the amount of virtuous enjoyment to the individuals and
to the commonwealth.- Bta while we borrow the expressions,
f) the greatest possible happiness of the greatest possible num—
ber," we repudiate the principles they have been employed to
convey. Wegu backfor a just construction of them to the
elder philosophy—to the times of philosophers who exploded
" popular fallacies" which are as old as human nature, ages
before the world dreamt of the advent of Jeremy Bentham—of

poets who sung the praises of rational liberty, mid chaunted the
- dirge of the tyrant, centuries before licentiousness was mis-
placed fort he true, and the owner of the soil for the other, by a
poetical lictton of Ihe Corn-Law Rhymer—of prophets and
seers who penetrated the future with a keener glance, and fore-
saw :lac of a lost world through another vista, than
toy Lord Brougham—of philanthropists who laboured to restore
the mural and intellectual ulory inalikind, by disseioinating
higher and inure substantial priuciples than those of the Society
.for.the, Diffitiiion of Useful Knowledge. Long before the age of
a heartless and unprincipled Utilitarianism, there airs an ea ,t ere
Monarch distinguished more tit• his wisdom than even by his so-
.
vereignly over a great and privileged people—the only man in the
history of the world who ever had the option of his own destiny,
and perhaps the only man who, with such a choice conceded to
hint, would, in- prelerenee to power, and riches, and long life,
.have said. Give me wisdom and knowledge!"—a man who
cultivated scieuce and and the elegant arts, and studied the philo-
sophy of iniud and matter—who devoted the quiet of a peaceful
reign to the search after thegreatgood,aud made experiments upon
his theories on a scale of regal magnificence. denying his eyes to
ao (desire, and withholding not- his heart from any joy. But
his labours and his gratitieatious resulted in disappointment
and vanity, till the light of eternal truth was revealed to his '
mind ; and he closed the record of investigations, which are as -
instructive as they are singular, with this memorable corollary—
" Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter? Fear God,
,and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man;"
—his whole duty, and by necessary consequence, his whole in-
terest, •and his whole happiness here,-as a preparation for -a
state of happiness perfect in its nature and infinite in its dura-
tion hereafter. Now this is a principle of the soundest experi-
mental philosophy, and what is of more importance, it is a prin-
ciple of Divine Revelation. And if it be the case, that the
true interests of individuals and communities are exclusively
dependent upon the practical application of this, principle, then
are we entitled to assume that the Government of a nation will
diffuse the greatest amount of happiness amongst the greatest.
amount of population, by instituting and maintaining a provi-
sion for the instruction of its subjects in their duty to God. suf-
ficient for their present, and expanding with their future neces-
sities. In other wools, we regard it as the first duty of the state
-
to institute, and the paramount duty of the state to maintain a.
national church for the religious instruction of the people, and
national schools for the intellectual and religious education of
their children. We, therefore, adhere cordially and devotedly
to the Clnal' of Scotlaud, whose parochial machinery—its mi-
nisters, elite's, deacons. and schoolmasters—we have seen to be
entirely fitted to the religious, moral, and intellectual wants of
a people; and we have pledged ourselves to promote, to the
utmost of our power, its extension and adaptation to the rapidly
increasing necessity of the country.
We plead then, with our rulers, that prior to all farther pnli-
deal reforms, they shall begin with a moral reformation. We
presume to telt them, that so long as they are prosecuting poli-
tical. to the neglect of moral reforms, they are applying their
remedies to the, wrung end of the evil—they are attempting to
sweeten the stream, while the fountain is impregnated with
deadliesepoisen. Let them once convince the working-classes
that their circuinstances.are to he ameliorated by a succession
of political changes', and they will sow the wind to reap the
whirlwind. , If. hey are desirous—and we are sure they are—to
preserve the state, and promote the welfare of the community,
let them invigorate the institutions that once exervised a moral
influence upon the national wind, which rendered the people of
Scotland the best conditioned 'in the world. The institutions
remain; but the overgrowth of the population has left them
stunted and dwarfed. " Stands Scotland where she did?"
,Whileour rulers are urging forward political measures in rapid
succession, let them pause for a moment, and turn their eyes to
the social disorganization of a large proportion of the working
classes of Glasgow; and let them ask themselves if their laws
• will ever-make a people moral, or contented, or free ? They will
find a ready answer in the conduct of individuals who are poli-
tical refolinerS to a man, and who, while clamouring loud and
long for political freedom, were themselves swaying a despot-
isiii' over their fetlow-mien as dismal and atrocious a tyranny
ever devised. Statesmen may give us charters and re-model
eur.choStitotion, and legislators may swell the statute-hook with
enactments : wit what are these to a depraved state of society?
Let statesmen and legislators unite in providing the country
with the means of elevating the moral and economical princi-
ples of the working classes, and they will strike at the root of
the evil they seek to remedy. Let them furnish us with the
means of making virtuous awl intelligent men, and we shall re-
pay the Wien with orderly and contented citizens.
Next to our religious and educational establishments, we value
the British constitution, with which they are inseparably con-
nected : and while we deprecate all changes which should tend
to weaken the influence of any one of the constituent branches
of the legislature, we are desirous to see every judicious amend-
ment introduced into the various departments of adininistra-
lion.

We dissent from the advocates of an extension of the suffrage,
although we might ourselves be invested with the political franh-
chise, to the event of such a measure being carried. But the
introduction of even a ten pound qualification. according to the
admission of its promoters, verged to a perilous extent on the
vital principles of the constitution; and while we are in-
clined to believe that the franchise is in safe keeping, and that
the constituency will generally exercise their privilege with pru-
dence and caution, we are persuaded that it would be dangetous
in the extreme to make any further reduction of the qUalitica-
lion. For ourselves, we are not indifferent to so important a
political trust; but instead of endeavouring, to tiring the f,ao-
chise down to our own level, it shall be our study rather to ele-
vate ourselves to the level of the franchise. And when we
attain that elevation, we shall nether he afraid nor ashaTited to
tender our votes for the church and the constitution, without
entrenchin, ourselves in the cowardly retreat of the ballot.
These are some of the principles on which we were associated,
and we invite the workmen of Glasgow who think and feel in
common with us, to make the same sacrifices with ourselves,
and unite with us in disseminating them among the working
classes, We wnuht infinitely prefer the retirement of domestic
life to the destruction and excitement of political discussion ;
and we yield only to a strong sense of ditty, when we come be-
fore the public to assert our opinions, and to seek to promulgate
them. But-our interests are identified with the Maintenance of
our institntion4; and we shall rdo our best to preserve them.
Humble as is //or position in society, we feel that we are the
descendants of great ancestors, 'and the legatees of great privi-
leges—atal let homily, shame descend spoil the into) of this ge-
neration, if they shrink from the defence of the sacred awl civil
institutions, which have been bequeathed to them by patriots
*nil martyrs, as their dearest birthright.
WILLIAM KEDDIE, Secretary.

Lord Brom,'‘till calls I.r,rd Glenelg his noble fri, nrl;
hut it must lie aciwitied, uses hiln 111 the same breath most

ignobiy

—The' late Bishop of Sndnr and Ila❑ was the Right Rev. W.
Ward. D. D., prebendary, Salisbury, and rector oi Great
Horkesley, Essex. He succeeded the present Bishop of Ro-
chester, iu 1837, who had filled the see from 1813.

E 1,1 VER

~„may.r.r3tiPsessclE,r,

TOWN COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS.

The first quarterly meeting of the council was held on Wed-
nesday.

The Deputy Town Clerk opened the proceedings by readiog
over the,,minutes of the last meeting.
FINANCE COMMITTEE.
A further letter had been received from Mr. Samuel Knipe,
stating that the council bad misunderstood the purport of his
former letter. Resolved—That it be refereed to the "lown Clerk
.
to report.

• Several communications werexeceived from shipwrights, ac-
quiescing in the determination of the council not to adhere to
the higher rents for shipwri,ghts yards formerly resolved on by
them, but to accept'a lower rate of rent:
Mr. Councillor PLATT wished to know how many of the
shipwrights had acceeded to the reduction?
Mr. Councillor WALLACE CURE IE said they had received an
answer froin one of the shipwrights, accepting and thanking
them for.the reduction made; and the reason they had not inure
communications was because the reduction had to be confirmed
by the council.

Mr. Councillor PLATT begged to state that the shipwrights
generally thought the present state of rents too high. He be-
lieved it had been proved that the shipwrights' business was a
trade by which they could out live. He was not advocating
their cause, but was very Sony fur them. The shipwrights of
other parts had greater advantages than they had iu Liverpool.
He thought the shipwrights ought to be encouraged. They
were a liberal corporation, and they ,ought to be liberal to the
shipwrights. He considered the business of the shipwrights as
absolutely the cradle in which thebusiness and the prosperity
of the towu-had- been cradled; and when they considered the
thousands that were supported by this business, he thought it
,:tight to t.e encouraged. He begged to state that the ship•
wrights as a body would be exceedingly thankful. He thought
it only lair that they should be so treated that they could com-
pete with the outports. What would be the consequence if the
shipwrights _were driven iu some measure away ? When there
was a pressure of old business fur repairs, they would not be
able get workmen for repairs. • He was willing to admit that
the shipwrights had been unreasonable as to wages; but when
they considered the risks they run of losing their tools in the
docks, rls. 6d. a day was not too much. He advocated •his na-
tive towu generally, not the cause of the shipwrights.
The l'ylayon—Do you wish to refer that part of the report of
the finance committee back fur their consideration ?
Mr. Councillor PLATr begged to move that that part of the
proceedings of the finance committee be referred back to their
consideration.
Mr. Councillor CoOPER seconded the motion.
:llr. Councillor Ullic ItIE said he was au advocate for his pa-
t" . ..

live town, and fur the shipwrights as a component part of the
Loan as much as his excellent colleague, Mr. Platt. He bad
given a reason why answers bad not been further received froth
the shipwrights, because they very, properly• thought that the
reduction proposed regoired.fhe confirmation of the council. A
cart of the shipwrights had accepted the terms propose,d, and
one of them who was one of the deputies had pleaded the cause
of the shipwrights must ably. He thought the council would
agree with him to wait and see what was the effect of the pro-
posed reduction.
Mr. Councillor PLATT said, under these circumstances I
shall withdraw my motion.
The finance committee proceedings were-then confirmed.
The proceedings of the leases and improvement committee
acre then confirmed.