The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-11-15 00:00:00

ad by the seer

THE B OILER EXPLOSION
B L _ACKBURN.

was resumed
of Mancheste:

on Saturday, and
r, gave his opinion

Mr. Fairimairn, efik;
as to ti

ause of the explosion

He said

t I am relieved fro!'

neertainty, by the
to to the work it hz

Secondly. It was old, of the waggon
worst possible form to sustain severe pressure
Thirdly. It was improperly and injudiciously stayed,
reposing large flat surface to internal pressure.
Fourthly. It had an exceedingly defective safety valve,
and generally, it was totally unsuited in strength and form
to work a non-condensing and high pressure steam engine.
After explaining the operation of steam pressure on
such a boiler, he said,—With things in this state, with

and the

the force applied on the one hand, avid the powers of re-
sistance on the other in direct antagonism, (if I may use
the expression,) it appears that the lives of every one em-
ployed in the walls, or within reach of the influence of
this explosive vessel, were, and had been for years, sus-
pended by a thread, which the least change of pressure
might in a moment cut asunder. That moment arrived
on the morning of the 2d instant, and fortunate it was
that the catastrophe occurred at a time when the people
were at breakfast, or a greatly increased number of suffer-
ers might have been added to the list. _ .

Looking at the ruins, and the position in which- the
boiler was found after the explosion, I am of opinion that
the end next the steam-engine was the first to give way ;
that an active fire was under the boiler when the engine
was standing, and the only escape for the steam was
through a valve 11 inches diameter. Now, this valve was
totally insufficient to relieve the boiler from the rapidly
increasing pressure which, for some time previous to the
rupture, had been taking place in the boiler.
After some other witnesses had been examined, the in-
quiry was again adjourned till this day (Tuesday.)

HANDEL'S " SAMSON."—Our readers will feel obliged
tous for remindingthem that this magnificent production of
the prince of composers will be given on Tuesday next, in
the Philharmonic-hall, by the full strength of the Phil-
harmonic Society. Such an attraction cannot fail to
outrival the celebrated Grisi concerts, when tickets for
admission were at a premium days before the performance.
NEW MAYORS. —Manchester, Benjamin Nicholls
Birmingham, Alderman Baldwin ; Salford, William Ross;
Leeds,, John Wilson ; Oxford, Richard James Spiers
Bristol, J. G. Shaw; Rochester, 'William Manclack ; Hull,
Henry Cooper, M.D. ; Scarborough, J. F. Sharpin ;
Wigan. Joseph Acton, Esq.; Newcastle-on:Tyne, Ralph
Dodds ; Gateshead, David Hoggie ; Stockport, William
Raynor, M.D.
ENCYCLORAMA OF AMERICA.—The panoramic views of
the course of the Mississippi, the greatest of North Ameri-
can rivers, is now open for inspection in the Queen's Hall,
Bold-street. The panorama is painted with much atten-
tion to accuracy, on a very large scale. It embraces scenes
representative of the peculiarities and perils which attend
the navigation of that mighty river. Scenes illustrative
of the different climates to be met with in the course of
the river's flow are introduced. A lecture, descriptive of
the scenes and incidents occurring in the picture, is de-
livered with much effect by Mr. Hamilton, and the exhi-
bition is diversified by well-adapted vocal performances,

THE BRISTOL MEETING 1141 SE CA.si.—On Tuesday
Vice-Chancellor Wood gave judgment in the case of the
Attorney-General v. Clapham. This judgment was, in
substance, in favour of the Conference party. It is re-
served to a further hearing to determine how it shall be
applied to the circumstances of the particular case; but
the decision is such as to secure in the future management
of the Bristol trusts a large majority of trustees who
are members of the Wesleyan society. The proportion
will be fourteen to five. In two other instances, both
arising in the Louth Circuit, it has been necessary during
the last week to resort to legal proceedings, for the pro-
tection of connexional property.
AN M.P. CHAPEL CLEEIC.—The Leeds Times is full
of admiration of the humility of Frank Crossley, Esq.,
M.P., who, it appears, having brought a London preacher
down with him, acted as clerk by giving out the Psalm in
the absence of the regular official. Actually, however
incredible such wonderful condescension may be, " the
congregation had the pleasure of hearing an hon. M.P.
give out, Let us sing to the praise and glory of God, the
--- hymn.' It is not every day," our contemporary adds,
"that au hon. M.P. so humbles himself,"—uor, if he will
forgive us for saying so, that an editor makes such an ass
of himself.—Stockport Advertiser.

RESIGNATION OE THE GOVERNOR OP NEW ZEALAND.
—lt is now known that it is the intention of his excellency
the governor to proceed to England, on leave of absence
for a period of twelve months. Sir George Grey has now
been eight years the governor of this colony, during a pe-
riod of unexampled difficulty, in which questions of all
sorts, affecting the well-being and even the very existence
of the colony, were continually arising, in which he has
had not merely to frame a policy and lay the foundation
of the future stability and prosperity of the country, but
by his prudence and sagacity to repair the disasters oc-
casioned by the grievous errors and misgovernment of his
predecessors, as well as those mischiefs arising out of the
folly and misconduct of the New Zealand Company.—Aus-
tralian and New Zealand Gazette.
WAR AND WEATHER.—In order to understand in
some slight measure the present aspect of affairs in the
East, it has bernmo necessary to abandon the shifting and
deceptive scenes of diplomacy for the realities of a military
campaign. One of the most powerful arguments of the be-
lievers in a pacific settlement by ambassadors or plenipoten-
tiaries was, that the climate and the soil o'f the Danubian
Principalities would preclude the possibility of immediate
hostilities between the Russians and the Turks. Moldavia
and Wallachia are visited in the autumn by violent
storms of rain, which soak the loose and heavy ground,
and render it impracticable for carts, artillery, or men.
The rivers, swollen by these autumn falls, become im-
passable, and the marshy grounds of the Lower Danube
are in lakes of muddy water. By a curious turn of sea-
sons, the autumn rains have not come down this year,
the provinces are dry, and the Danube is so low that the
ordinary mouths are closed to every sort of traffic. The
warlike spirit of the Turks has thus been served by Pro-
vidential droughts, and diplomacy been worsted by the
weather.—Leeds Times.
PROTESTANT BURIAL GROUND IN MADRID.— The
Paris correspondentof the Timeswrites, on theauthority of
private letters from Madrid :—" You have been already
informed that the:burial-ground question was definitively,
and so far satisfactorily, arranged between the English
Charge d'Affaires and the Spanish Government. The form
of arrangement is, it appears, as concisely drawn up as
possible; this is of little importance, as the principal
points have been conceded. The proposition which was
considered by the Spanish government the most obnoxious
of all—namely, the celebration of funeral obsequies with
a certain display of religious pomp—has been set aside ;
but the bodies of protestants will be borne to the grave in
the same manner as Roman Catholics are, in a hearse
with carriages following. There is no permission for
religious processions, and no clergyman is to follow in the
streets dressed in his canonicals ; but once in the ceme-
tery, which will be enclosed, the religious ceremony may
be performed in any manner the attendants may think
proper. When we remember the propositions contained
in the letter of General Lersundi, and the sort of insulting
concessions which his government would only consent to,
the present arrangement, should it turn out to be of the
nature I refer to, may on the whole be considered satis-
factory ; and it is but just to admit that the Sartorins
cabinet has, in this respect at least, shown itself far more
liberal, more humane, and more tolerant than the one
which preceded it."
THE SLAVE a. THE MASTER.— A case of great in-
terest was decided in the Covington Circuit Court recently.
We have been at some difficulty in obtaining the facts,
which are as follows Sam Norris, a coloured man,
has been living in Covington about five years, has married
a free coloured woman, and has had by her several children.
He belongs to a Mr. J. N. Patton, of Virginia, who per-
mitted him to come to Covington and engage in whatever
services he thought proper, on condition that Sam would pay
him, out of his earnings, a stipulated sum per annum—we
believe $lOO dollars. The surplus, whatever it might be,
was to belong to the slave. Sam was punctual for several
years. He was sober and industrious in his way, and very
prosperous. About two years ago Mr. Patton came west on
a visit, and agreed with Sam that if he would pay him the
sum of $4OO within four years he would give him his
freedom. Sam gratefully accepted the proposal, and'. at

once paid down, out of his hard earnings , $135, and has
since given his master some $4O or .$5O more. Patton now
comes forward to rescind the contract, and claim his,slave.
The case was yesterday decided by the Hon. Judge Pryor
in favour of Patton. In delivering his decision, his Honour
stated the following facts :-1. That the laws of Kentucky
recognize but two modes of liberating slaves—by will, and
by deeds of emancipation. 2. That a slave cannot make a
contract. 3. That the contract was executory, and
the time fixed for the negro's freedom future and
contingent. 4. That so long as Sam was a slave,
the master was entitled to his services, and the
money he (Patten) had received was, in law his
own. The opinion was able and elaborate, and the
authorities numerous and decided. His Honour charac-
terized the case as one of great hardship and cruelty, and
every one in the court-room seemed to sympathize deeply
with the poor negro. The case, we understand, has been
appealed to the Supreme Court of the State.—Cincinnati
Corn.
ROMANCE IN REAL Lim—The Galway Vindicator
of Saturday says—" The barque Clarence yet remains in
the Roads, wind bound. She carries over 100 emigrant
passengers for Nest York. On Thursday, a remarkable
and interesting scene took place on board, which is worth
recording. It appears that a young man and woman, of
the peasant order, had for some time past entertained
a tender feeling for each other. Both are represented
as being fine specimens of the class to which they belong
—the woman comely, and the man tall and athletic. Some
family circumstances having forbidden their union an
elopement took place. But the elopement only reached the
length of the pair going to a friend's house at some distal,'
where the bride that was to be was given in el,
the wife of the young man's friend. It subse.,
turned out that the seemingly fickle swain refused to
marry the girl, owing to the persuasions of his relations
and her friends, indignant at the slight cast upon hr
fitted her out for a higher matrinao..
Atlantic. Her passage was paid it,_
luggage on board, the vessel only IN
vourable breeze, and the comely lass
leave of her friends and was ."
deck of the emigrant shin
the spirit of the -

clusterea aV La!, P.M, VA 41
shores they might. never

ial market acrc
New Yorl
ting for

singl

soon neared the Clarence, when he
prang on deck, and before the surprise of the young
woman and passengers was over she was clasped in
hie
nrillg. A iar of whisky was hoisted on board from th(

passenger drinking to the neattns or tIIUSe wno nad re.
newed their love at the last moment. The pair were
married the same evening, and thus some naturalised
Irishman in New Torii lids been 4(1)1'40 of alx * and

loving wife

ALL

PHIL HARMONI C. H
TO THE PUBLIC.
TICKETS can now be had for TUESDAY next. the 22nd
instant, when Handel's sublime Oratorio of SAMSON, with
a Band and Chorus of 250 performers, will take place
Madame VIARDOT GARCIA will sing "I
Seraphim," with Trumpet Obligato

STRIKE

1110 T 1

and E

it the 1)

ifENT AT WIGAN.

WIGAN, MONDAY

lions of the dele

Committee of the Miners' Association, the strike of col-
liers in Wigan and the surrounding district, which has
been carried on upwards of two months, is daily being
brought to a close. The resumption of work by the col-
liers employed at the collieries of the Earl of Crawford
and Balcarres, at Haigh, has been the cause of the miners
of other collieries in this neighbourhood making applica-
tion, at their respective collieries, to resume work. This
morning, about 20 colliers, and an equal number of draw-

ers, resumed work at the Moss-hall colliery (Messrs. R
Christopher and Co. ;) and more than that number Of
men and boys also resumed work at the Gravel-lane pit,
belonging to the Ince-hall Coal and Cannel Company.
Upwards, of 20 colliers, and an equal number of drawers,
also commenced work at the Kirkless-hall Coal and Cannel
Company's coal-pits, in Ince. The colliers engaged at the
Rose-bridge and Kirkless Collieries have also signified
their intention of resuming work to-morrow (Tuesday)
morning. The Whole of the colliers who have resumed
work at the various collieries in this distrilt, have gone in
at the prices paid previous to the strike, except in the
case of Messrs. Blundell and Son, of Pemberton, where
the men received an advance, which placed their wages on
an equal scale with the prices paid at other collieries in
the neighbourhood. On Saturday the members of the
Miners' Association Committee issued the following ad-
dress, which was posted in the outskirts of the town :
" To the public of Wigan and the surrounding district.

" We, the miners of Wigan and its vicinity, beg to
state to a misguided public, and the masters also, that
the rumour now abroad that we are going to our work
on the same conditions that we came out, is entirely
untrue, with the exception of the Earl of Crawford and
Balcarres's men. But, as a body of men, we are deter-
mined to stand man by man until some amicable arrange-
ment is made between masters and men, as we have before
stated.—Yours, respectfully,

THE' MINERS' COMMITTEE."

We are fully prepared to deny the fallacious argument
put forth' in this address, by the testimony of the oal
proprietors at whose collieries the men have resumed work
within the last few days.
The whole of the mills in this town still remain closed,
except that of Mr. James Gillow, of Ince, which com-
menced on Thursday last. Early this morning a. number
of the operatives assembled in front of the entrances to
several of the mills (Messrs. H. Wood's, T. Taylor and
Brother's, and N. Eckersley's), to ascertain whether the
mills would be re-opened ; but, after waiting upwards of
an hour without the gates beinc, opened to them, they
returned home. It is expected that some, if not all, of
the mills will be opened in the course of the week,
at nearly the same prices as given previous to the strike ;
at which time several of the masters were paying rather
higher prices than others, and refuse to do so any longer;
consequently, in some instances, when the mills are again
opened, some of the operatives will be subjected to a re-
duction. To this they at present refuse to submit • but
we think they cannot hold out much longer, the distress
among them being very great.
STATE or WIGAN. —The greatest portion of the military
called into Wigan on the occasion of the late riots, de-
parted en route for their head-quarters, Preston and
Manchester, on Saturday last, leaving two companies of
the 31th regiment at the Public Hall and Sawmills. The
town remains quiet, but the authorities are afraid of further
outrage beimg committed, and acting upon a recommenda-
tion of Lord Palmerston, nearly 500 special constables
(men of all ranks) have been sworn in. This morning
Peter Rutter and John Leadbetter, two colliers appre-
hended on a charge of being concerned in the late riot,
were again brought up before the Mayor, T. Eckersley,
and N. Eckersley, Esqrs. On the recommendation of the
chief constable, the priso r Rutter was discharged to
give evidence. The evideiligkof Rutter and a man named
Levi Collier, proved that the prisoner, with two other
colliers, had led on a number of young men down the Hall-
gate, where they destroyed the street lamps ; broke several
panes of glass in the shop windows ; accused the witnesses
of being spies, and had thrown a number of missiles
at them whilst making their escape. The prisoner
denied the charge, and was remanded till Monday next.

WRECK OF THE CALIFORNIA.—The California, which
left Sligo on the 18th september, with emigrants, was
wrecked on the 4th' inst., about 150 miles from the
Island of Achil. The passengers and crew left the
vessel in three boats, two of which arrived at Achil on
Tuesday morning. There were about 60 persons in the
two boats, 15 of whom died—some at sea, and some since
landing. The survivors are in the private houses, in a
wretched condition. The third boat had not been heard of
when the last accounts had left the island, but no fears
were entertained for its safety, as its crew had a compass,
and there was a good stock of provisions on board. The
vessel sprang a leak, and sank instantly. The ns in
the two boats which arrived had suffered dresvlfully from
want of fresh water.
JUVENILE EXTRAVAGANCE IN THE NAVY.—Circum-
stances have been stated to us connected with the above
which reveal a sad system in the navy. There are many
youngmen of from 15 to 18, whose friends, regardless of
the real welfare of their charges, administer to their ex-
travagances in a manner surprising and lamentable. The
evil does not stop there. Those of lesser means, includ-
ing sons of naval and military officers, enticed by their
wealthy messmates, rush with them into dissipation and
ruin. In vain are appeals made to the feelings of these
infatuated young men. They care nothing whom they
impoverish so long as they obtain the means of indulging
their vicious propensities. Other young officers, who have
no friends and but slender private means, are in the mean-
while placed in the most galling position. Unable to com-
pete with their aristocratic or plutocratic compeers, they
either retire from the service with dismay, or eke out a
most uncomfortable existence, denying themselves, often
amid the jeers of their thoughtless associates, the luxuries
in which their messmates freely indulge. A few years ago
a wine bill was a thing almost unknown in a midship-
man's berth. It is now more common than a milk-score.
In every particular a youngster's necessary expenses
are increased. His washing bill is tripled, the expense
of his servant is nearly doubled, and his bare necessa-
ries increased at least 50 per cent. If added to these
there is wine and • a dozen other of incidentals to be
paid for, it is clearly impossible for a young man to
pay his way without a very full exchequer to draw
upon. The subject has been frequently urged upon
the consideration of the Amiralty, and some captains. of
ships, in compliance with instructions to that effect, have
taken no small trouble to abate the evil. But we fear that
such captains are exceptions to the rule, and that the gene-
rality give themselves no concern in the matter. The
Admiralty standard of allowance to a young gentleman is
ample ; £5O a-year is sufficient for all the legitimate wants
of a midshipman under the age of 19 ; and if the Admi-
ralty were to insist that that sum should not only be the
minimum but the maximum allowance, a wonderful check
would be put to the demoralizing and highly injurious prac-
tices now in force. We are no advocates for meanness, but
its opposite extreme is so highly to be deprecated that we
would rather see a return to the discomforts of half a cen-
tury ago than witness the reckless expenditure now carried
on in many ships. Those who value the welfare of the
rising generation of young officers will, we hope, avail them-
selves of this hint. The service cannot do without the ad-
mixture of plebeian and patrician—poor and rich. The
friendless officers may be designated the active partners
in the concern. Drive them out, and the service would
certainly not be increased in efficiency; and driven out
they assuredly must be unless some steps are taken to
arrest the wild career of extravagance now prevalent
among the junior classes of the navy, more especially in
the Channel fleet—United Service Gazette.

A PICTURE PROM THE SCENE OF WAR, NEAR SIIUMLA
—Rostchuk is a large town in Bulgaria, of some 30,000.
inhabitants, situated on a promontory advancing into the
Danube. From the roofs of its houses a splendid view may
be obtained overthevast winding river, which is sufficiently
deep to carry merchantmen of large size. An immense
number of vessels are constantly anchored along the quays.
From a distance the town has a magnificent appearance ;
but, as usual, the streets are narrow, dirty, and dismal.
The lower parts of the houses, as is the case everywhere in
Turkey, are without windows. The shops are generally
tolerably well supplied with merchandise. .Travellers
bound for Constantinople hire horses at this place, and put
themselves under the guidance of a Tartar. The distance
to Shumla is reckoned generally 22 hours. The road
is picturesque, and for some time after starting the
Danube remains in sight. Between Siniouscha and Tomlak
it is descried, however, for the last time from a lofty table-
land. The road then enters the valley of the Lom, bor-
dered on both sides by precipices and carpeted with ver-
dure. As you proceed the ground rises and the path -
leads across hills and valleys, here and there. covered
with brushwood. All the country is thinly inhabited.
Now and then Bulgarian villages may be seen in the. dis-
tance; but on the road are only one or two solitary
khans. The neighbourhood of hidden inhabited places is
indicated by wells on the roadside, from which paths lead
up into the mountains. Women with jars upon their heads
are sometimes seen coming down for water. The first halt
is usually as Razgrad, a town inhabited by about 15,000
Moslems and a few Bulgarian families. As a rule the Chris-
tians, whose occupations are almost entirely agricultural,
are disseminated in small villages throughout the country.
Their number is estimated at between 4,000,000 and
5,000,000. The Turks, infinitely less numerous, are con-
gregated in the great towns, but there are some villages
here and there entirely Turkish. As they are generally
placed in commanding positions, they are probaby inha-
bited by descendants of old military colonies, established to
keep the country in subjection. Beyond Razgrad there still
continues a succession of valleys and hills. The latter in-
crease gradually in height until, from the tableland of
Buratlare, the height of Shumla and the long range of
the Balkans stretching with the uniformity of a wall be-
hind come in sight. A little further on the view suddenly
"•"'"f+ and the eye, following the magnificent
weather the deep
g. a steep_ rangeai at
Tlbr

which 0
He

Adis, distingiiishes in fin

e come at iengt.
orks of Shumla, to reach
onsiderable curve. —Dickens'

)y many such fortifications—
the great def

—.Mold Words. •
HOLLOWAY'S PILLS A SAFE AND EFFECTUAL CURE FOR
DaopSY.=Phis insidious disease arises from various causes,
and frequently from some obstruction to the free circulation
of the blood, generally exhibiting itself by a swelling of the
feet and armies. ascentlin,, zradually until it affects the whole