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LUTHER, AS A MENDICANT MUSICIAN,

All that Luther's parents could spare from their scanty
Zings, helped by the contributions of Dame Ursula, ill
diced to defray the cost of his maintenance at school—
Tyht in English estimation as that would appear. Like
'other similarly situated German students of his time, he
.1"148 accustomed to perambulate the streets of Magdeburgh,
g hymns and songs, interrupted whenever a sympa-
,7• 4ing ear was likely to be reached by cries of " Panem
Deunz" (bread for God's sake). Luther's love of
mer.s like all other emotions that welled up from that
• taePulsating heart, was a passion. " Music," he says,
art
the rohet—the onl one wch, like
figthe°htcgY." 5 momf the troubled soul, and put the devil to
A had, moreover, a fine ear and a pleasing voice,
22,t,;:.° Lute for the divine art was no doubt in some
iiis—'-e-h-ateekellred by the means it afforded of improving
P` obtaining Panem propter Deum. He
jeaco:idedera—bll3:4
sr,_,..the flute, and touched the lute also with
„i„,„8'111- "Bread Music" he used to call his
clixtgacyceisit9l-6monea, and instrumentation—very frequently
the IJPon one occasion, whilst at Eisnach,
sallied forth with his lute, after having passed many tours without food, with the inspiriting hope that the
influence of the bright day,
cloudless heavens,Th;,. shed down from the deep blue
and kindness. leVaalit dispose his hearers to sympathy
hour the future Apostle grievously mistaken. Hour after
and fingers,—now of the Reformation exerted both
VOW
upon the winged harmo-
4";es of a Laudati, or I.6°aring
Alma ; and therein unsuccessful,
ding breathings down to the sweet sadness of a psalm, or
the love.„,„of a mol touched by a more earthly
41crotion, dike Were canticle, per, and Nog; and

)f Eisnach. As a last effort,
mdered forth to the suburbs of the city, only to
same ill-success, and at one house of more
.-..pest than others, a dog was loosed to drive
_ unfortunate minstrel. Fainting with hunger,
ndignant, foot-sore, utterly disconsolate, Luther, after
-eebly tottering to some distance from the inhospitable
mansion, threw himself upon a rustic bench, beneath tall
shadowing elms in front of a cottage, and burst into pas-
sionate sobbing expressive of the emotion of his soul in the
broken melody of an interpretative song. Conrad, the
master of the cottage, was absent, but his wife was fortu-
nately at home, and listened with womanly sympathy to

!ounter th

ineplantrutivesTraTn; of the suffering student, whona'she
forthwith invited to enter the cottage, where he was
plentifully regaled with such coarse but abundant fare as
A 11 • • .

it contained. Luther never forgot this act of kindness,
and frequently alluded to the circumstance in after life, as
if be believed it to have been a special interposition of
Heaven in his favour.

The above anecdote is interesting in many points
of view :—First, as eminently suggestive of the
propriety of charitable emotions towards individuals
manifesting a disposition to please, as we know not
with what heart-rending pangs they may be simu-
lating an unfelt joy to awaken our pity and secure
our help. Second, as painfully indicative of the
privations under which one of the most remarkable
men of modern times trained his indomitable spirit,
and nurtured his masculine intellect to that pitch
of moral elevation which enabled him to encounter
and overcome the opposition of kings, and all the
machinations of priestly ingenuity, in establishing
the principles of a pure religious faith, and matur-
ing the forms of Christian worship, founded on a
basis of sublime simplicity and truth.
The volume contains brief sketches of the boy-
hood of many celebrities, among others, of Michael
Angelo, Moliere, Wellington, Peel, Byron, Burns,
Bonaparte, and many more, of whom want of space
prevents us from making further mention;. still
there is one instance which we cannot resist ex-
tracting. It relates to the wayward Byron. Many
instances which tell against the noble bard, as a
fantastically passionate boy, have been narrated,
and in the present memoir such anecdotes are un-
fortunately plentiful enough ; the one now alluded
to, however, is of a different complexion. It relates
to his Harrow school adventures, at which semi-
nary he was a fellow-pupil of the late Sir R. Peel :

AMIABLE GENEROSITY OF BYRON

There is an anecdote connecting the same names, and
not related by his lordship, though highly honourable to
him. It must have occurred soon after his arrival at
Harrow, at which time he was in his fourteenth year. A
brutal fellow, whose name is not given, claimed the
privilege of fagging little Peel, who resisted, but was
beaten into submission, and, that he might not be tempted
to rebel again, his tyrant inflicted a kind of bastinado upon
the inner fleshy part of his victim's arm, twisting the
limb as he did so in such a way as to cause the greatest
amount of pain possible. Byron stood by, but feeling it
would be useless to attempt fighting the burly brute,
asked, with tears in his eyes, and a blush of rage upon his
cheeks, how many stripes Peel's tormentor intended to
inflict. " Why, you little rascal, what is that to you ?" was
the reply. " Because," said Byron, "if you please, I will
take half."

From the two instances quoted, it will be seen
that the volume referred to, which is a very hand-
some one, possesses a fund of richly interesting
matter, and is one which, while it will afford a sub-
t'ct of gratifying reflection to the mature, is pecu-
arly fitted to stir the attention and awaken the
sympathies of youth.

The Annals of Roger de Hoveden. Translated
from the Latin, with Notes and Illustrations.
By H. T. Riley, Esq., B.A. Vol. ii. London :
H. G. Bohn.

The second volume of these annals embraces a
period extending from the year 1181 to the year
1201, and are chiefly devoted to a narrative of
events connected immediately with the history of
England ; or in the description of occurrences
in which the English monarch and people were
deeply engaged, including the memorable enter-
prises, adventures, misfortunes, and gallantry of
the redoubtable Richard Coeur de Lion. Among
these will be found minute particulars relative to
his captivity in Austria, and the usurpation of his
brother John : together with correspondence be-
tween the Sovereigns and the leading ecclesiastics
of the day relative to the affairs of England, and
to the adventures and dangers of its brave and
chivalric King. In relation to these matters the
details are at once minute and graphic, displaying
with much circumstantiality the then relative con-
ditions of Sovereign and people. In addition to
what may, indeed must, be called the public events
of those times, our author likewise gives, as it
were, incidental glances at the less obtrusive mat-
ters of the period, embracing among these a suc-
cinct account of the proceedings of men remark-
able for their learning, piety, or influence. Among
others of these notables, Secundus, a silent philo-
sopher, who flourished in the time of Adrian, cer-
tainly not very nearly connected in point of time
with the annals of the period of which we have
just been speaking, is made a good deal of. This
notable, who is represented as having, through a
very singular cause, resolved, at an early period of
his life, to refrain from speaking—a resolution which
he maintained with the most inflexible fortitude.
His life, having been ordered by Adrian to be for-
feited unless he should speak, he remained obdu-
rately silent, when the Emperor, moved by the
firmness of his resolution, relaxed the impending
sentence, and commenced with the voluntary mute
a colloquy in writing, of which the following are
the chief particulars :

THE PHILOSOPHY OF SECIINDITS

ADRIAN :7What is the world ?"—SEcurinus : " The
world is a circle without end, a sightly commodity, a form
made of many forms, an eternal course, a revolution with-
out error."
" What is the ocean ?" "The embracer of the world,
the encircling limit, the dwelling-place of the rivers, the
fountain of the showers."
" What is God ?" "An immortal mind, an unimagina-
ble loftiness, a form of many forms, a research that defies
investigation, an eye that sleeps not, all-embracing, light,
What is the sun ?" " The eye of the heavens, a circle
of heat, light without setting, the ornament of the day,
the distributor of the hours."
" What is the moon ?" " The ornament of the heavens,
the rival of the sun, the enemy of evil-doers, the solace of
wayfarers, the guide of mariners, the signal for solemni-
ties, the bestower of dew, the presager of tempests."
" What is the earth ?" The foundation of the heavens,"
the centre of the universe, the guardian and the mother
of fruits, the cover of hell, the mother of those who are
born, the devourer of all, the store-house of life."
" What is man ?" " A mind incarnate, an apparition
for a season, a looker-on of life, a slave of death, a traveller
on his road, a guest on the spot, a struggling spirit, an
abode for a short season."
" What is beauty ?" " A fading flower, a carnal felicity,
an object of desire to mankind."
" What is a friend ?" " A desirable name, a man sel-
dom seen, a refuge in distress, an endless blessing."
" What are riches ?" " A weight of gold, a servant of
cares, an unpleasing delight, an insatiate envy, an ever-
craving desire, an exalted face, a hateful object of desire."
" What is poverty ?" "An odious blessing, the mother
of health, freedom from cares, the refresher of the wise,
business without loss, possession without claim thereon,
happiness without anxiety."
What is old age." " A wished-for evil, the death of
the still living, a safe weakness, a living death."
" What is sleep ?" " The image of death, a rest from
labour, the wish of the sick, the desire of the wretched."
" What is life?" " The delight of the happy, the sorrow
of the wretched, a waiting for death."
" What is death ?" "An eternal sleep, the fear of the
rich, the desire of the poor, an inevitable event, the robber
of plan, the flight of life, the dissolution of all things."

" What is a-word." " The betrayer of the mine'
" What is the. body ?" " The resting-place of the*
spirit
"
" What is the beard ?" " A distinction of sex."
" What is the brain ?" " The guardian of the memory."
" What is the forehead ?" " The image of the mind."
" What are the eyes ?" " The guides of the body, the
vessels of light, the discoverers of the mind."
" What is the heart ?" " The receptacle of life."
" What is the liver ?" " The retainer of heat."
" What is the gall ?" " The producer of anger."
"What is the spleen ?" " The storehouse for laughter
and mirth."
" What is the stomach ?" " The cook of the food."
"What are the bones ?" " The strength of the body."
" 'What are the feet ?" "A moving foundation."
"What is wind ?" " A disturbance of the air, a move-
ment of the waters, a dryness of the earth."
" What are rivers ?' 'A. never-failing course, the re-
freshers of the sun, the waterers of the earth."
" What is friendship ?" " A wonderful certainty of a
thing unknown."
" What is it that will allow no man, though weary, to
desist ?" " Gain."
In the above extract, we have a curious jumble
of matters of belief, not a few of which are cur-
rently understood to have had an origin by, no
means so ancient as the Emperor Adrian's reign,
and some which modern speculatists believe to
have been propounded, for the first time, long after
the bones of good Roger de Hoveden had been
gathered to their rest.

ECONOMY or WIVES.—A young married woman who
has not had the opportunity of profiting by the advice and
example of a good mother, will find some difficulty at first
in spending her money to the best advantage ; for there is
really an art in spending money, although it be in getting
rid of it. Some women will keep house respectably and
plentifully on one-third less money than will be required
by others, yet without either meanness or illiberal deal-
ing. But to do this, judgment, forethought, and expe-
rience are necessary. One woman shall be able to tell
you how much her housekeeping costs to a shilling, while
another cannot guess within ten. The former Us me-
thod, rule, regularity, and a certain sum assigned to dyer;
with the latter it is all haphazard—it comes and it goes,
and she neither knows how, or cares. And this 38 SIMOSt
sure to be the case if the money be doled out by tier hus-
band, instead of being given in one sun to the extent .0f!
his maim

TFIE LIVERPOOL

There is only one thing less profitable than
cueing people, and th 4 is going security for them.
THERE is a cedar tree growing in the mountains of
Calaveras county, California, which, if each zone may be
reckoned as the growth of one year, is about 2,520 years old.

VARIETIES
♦

A Crum(

A PZETTY WOMAN, says some poetical individual, is like
a great truth or a great happiness, and has no more right
to bundle herself up under a green veil, or any other
aboniination, than the sun has to put on green spectacles.
Fox BRONCHITIS it is said the following is an infallible
remedy:—Take honey in the comb, squeeze it out, and
dilute it with a little water, and wet the lips and mouth
occasionally with it.

OE THE FRENCII LADIES it is said that their fondness
for effect runs to such excess, that widows who have lost
their husbands practise attitudes of despair before a look-
ing glass.

DIFFERENT VIEWS OP THE SAME THINGS.—" Jim,"
said one fast man to another, "it is reported that you left
the East on account of your belief, an itinerant martyr."
" How's that?" replied Jim, flattered by the remark.

" Why, a police officer told me that you believed every-
thing you saw belonged to you, and as the public didn't,
you left."

Fx,owEus.—Happy is the man that loves flowers !
Happy even if it be adulterated with vanity and strife.
For human passions nestle in flowers, too. Some have
their zeal chiefly in horticultural competitions, or in the
ambitions of floral shows ; others love them as curiosities,
and search for novelties, for "sports," and monstrosities.
We have been led through costly collections by men whose
chief pleasure seemed to be in the effect which their
treasures produced on others, not on themselves. But
there is choice in vanities and ostentations. A contest of
roses is better than of horses. We had rather take a
premium for the best tulip, dahlia, or ranunculus than for
the best shot. Of all fools a floral fool deserves the
eminence.—Henry Ward Beecher.'

A. SINGULAR PACT.—The Emperor Charles V. called

I diet at Spires, in 1529, to request aid from the German
princes against the Turks, and to devise means for allay-
ing the religious disputes which then raged, owing to
Luther's opposition to Popery. Against a decree of this
diet to support the doctrines of the Church of Rome, six
Lutheran princes, with the deputies of 13 imperial towns,
formally and solemnly protested, in the month of April.
They signed a protest against a law that refused tolera-
tion to Protestants. And in the month of, April, 1829, a
Protestant Parliament, exactly 300 years after, passed
the Roman Catholic Relief Bill, to qnslify Papists to
make laws for a Protestant nation !

DD. BUSBY AND HIS PIIPILS.—No school in England
has, on the whole, produced so large a number of illus-
trious men as Westminster. At no period of its history
was it so prolific of these as in the days of Dr. Busby.
Already beginning to feel conscious of his powers, Dryden
was there. For his preceptor he does not see to have
entertained any great affection, but he respect him till
the day of his death; and when, at the height of his
fame, he had occasion to correspond with his old master,
he writes as if with the fear of the rod before his eyes.
On a lower form sat Robert South, the future divine,
whose moral character bore as striking a resemblance to
that of his schoolmaster as his intellectual did to that of
his illustrious schoolfellow. For, if in boldness and
energy he was the Busby, it is not the less true that, in
power and pungency of sarcasm, as well as in overwhelm-
ing force and vehemence of impassioned declamation, he
was the, Dryden of English divinity. Busby and South
were equally loyal, and it .would be difficult to say which
of the two was the more-lzing. While still a child,
South gave a notable example of combined loyalty and
boldness. Being appointed to read the Latin prayers for
the morning, he prayed for the king by name, " but an
hour or two, at most, before his sacred head was struck
off." To the school and its head master, South -ver
entertained sentiments of the warmest attachment ; `p_tt
in after years, when he found his end approaching, he
gave directions that his body should be laid as near as
posssible to the ashes of his old preceptor. On a neigh-
bouring bench sat a boy of an anxious and inquiring look,
who afterwards became, in some respects, the most
remarkable pupil of the school—John Locke, the phi-
losopher. Neither are poets wanting to keep company
with " glorious John." Prior, Edmund Smith, Rowe,
and Elkanah Settle, all claim Westminster for their alma
mater, and Busby for their plagosus Orbilius. The
number of bishops and other high dignitaries of church
and state who enjoyed the privilege of his instructions
and of his rod, is countless. Of these the most dis-
tinguished, perhaps, is Francis Atterbury. To educate
such men as these, and qualify them for the various parts
they had to play in the world's theatre, was the end that
Busby proposed to himself. How far he gained that end
those who run may read. Littera scripta manet. His
name is recorded on the roll-book of fame as that of the
greatest schoolmaster, with the single splendid exception
of Dr. Arnold, that England has yet produced.—Scottish
Educational Journal.

ROMAN EMPIRE UNDER JUSTINIA/C—The reign of
Justinian, to a cursory reader, appears to be a revival of
the golden age, when all was contentment, prosperity and
happiness. A closer investigation shows the picture in
another light, and with very opposite features. The
nations under his control were oppressed by incessant
taxes, monopolies, and other grinding expedients of
wasteful or avaricious tyranny. They submitted sullenly
to an iron despotism they were unable to throw off, and
were forced to express public exultation for triumphs from
which they derived no advantage. In every department
of the state there was corruption, dishonesty, peculation,
embezzlement and plunder—the rich trampling on the
poor, the wealth of one accumulated by the ruin of a
thousand. Neither was the wrath of heaven without
palpable demonstration. Famine and pestilence weighed
heavily on the land, decimated the population, and pro-
duced a decrease of the human species, which has never
been replaced, in some of the fairest countries of the
globe. During the late destroying sweep of the Asiatic
cholera, we were struck with terror, when two or three
hundred deaths were recorded daily for two or three weeks,
in some of the most thickly inhabited cities of western
Europe. When the plague burst forth in the fifteenth
year of the reign of Justinian, for three months, five, and
at length ten thousand persons died each day at Con-
stantinople ; while many cities of the East were left at the
mercy of the beasts of prey ; and in several of the richest
districts of Italy, the harvest and the vintage withered
on the ground for want of hands to gather them in. And
how were the mass of those occupied who escaped the
deadly visitation, which languished and revived periodically
for more than half a century ? In humility, in prayer, in
penitence ?—in supplication to the offended Deity ?—in
systematic temperance and strenuous efforts to discover a
resisting antidote No ; they laughed, and revelled, and
drank, and gambled, and intrigued, and blasphemed, as
usual. War succeeded war ; sedition followed sedition;
and all the evil passions of man's nature appeared to gain
strength from the surrounding terrors which should have
checked or extinguished them. In those ages there were
neither sanatory restrictions nor quarantine laws, and the
cleanliness of modern habits was unpractised even among
the highest classes. The mortality arising from pestilence,
alone, in the Roman dominions, during a single reign of
thirty-eight years, has been computed vaguely and some
what poetically, by a credible writer, as amounting to
several myriads of myriads—in reasonable interpretation,
one hundred millions.—Dublin University Magazine.
SLAVERY is no doubt the greatest evil that afflicts
human nature, whether we consider the slave torn from
his family in his native country, and thrown into the
hold of a slave-ship, or as making part of a flock of black
men, parked on the soil of the West Indies ; but for
individuals there are degrees of suffering and privation.
How great is the difference in the condition of the slave
who serves in the house of a rich family at the Havannah
or at Kingston, or one who works for himself, giving his
master but a daily retribution, and that of the slave
attached to a sugar estate ! The threats employed to
correct an obstinate negro, mark this scale of human pri-
vations. The coachman is menaced with the coffee plan-
tation ; and the slave working on the latter is menaced
with the sugar house. The negro, who with his wife in-
habits a separate hut, whose heart is warmed by those
feelings of affection which for the most part characterize
the African race, finds that after his labour some care is
taken of him amidst his indigent family, is in a position
not to be compared with that of the insulated slave lost in
the mass. This diversity of condition escapes the notice
of those who have not had the spectacle of the West Indies
before their eyes. Owing to the progressive amelioration
of the state even of the captive caste in the island of Cuba,
the luxury of the masters, and the possibility of gain by
their work, have drawn more than eighty thousand slaves
to the town ; and the manumission of them, favoured by
the wisdom of the laws, is become so active as to have
produced, at the present period, more than 130,000 free
men of colour. By considering the individual position of
each class, by recompensing, by the decreasing scale of
privations, intelligence, love of labour, and the domestic
virtues, the colonial administration will find the best
means of improving the condition of the blacks. Philan-
thropy does not consist in giving " a little more salt-fish,
and some fewer lashes :" the real amelioration of the
captive caste ought to extend over the whole moral and
physical position of man. The impulse may be given by
those European governments which have a right compre-
hension of human dignity, and who know that whatever
is unjust bears with it a germ of destruction ; but this
impulse, it is melancholy to add, will be powerless, if the
union of the planters, if the colonial assemblies or legisla-
tures, fail to adopt the same views, and to act by a well-
concerted plan, having for its ultimate aim the cessation
of slavery in the West Indies. Till then it will be in vain
to register the strokes of the whip, to diminish the num-
ber that may be given at one time, to require the presence
of witnesses, and to appoint protectors of slaves ; all these
regulations, dictated by the most benevolent intentions,
are easily eluded : the isolated position of the plantations
renders their execution impossible.• They pre-suppose a
system of domestic inquisition incompatible with what is
understood in the colonies by the phrase " established.
rights." The state of slavery cannot be altogether peace-
ably ameliorated, except by the simultaneous action of the
free men (white men and coloured), residing in the West
Indies ; by colonial assemblies and legislatures ; by the
influence of those who, enjoying great moral consideration
among their countrymen, and acquainted with the locali-
ties, know how to vary the means of improvement con-
formably with the manners, habits, and the position of
every' island. In preparing the way for the accomplish-
ment of this task, which ought to embrace a great part of
the archipelago of the West Indies, it may be useful to
cast a retrospective glance on the events by which the
freedom of a considerable part of the human race was
obtained in Europe in the middle ages. In order to
ameliorate without commotion, new institutions must be
made, as it were, to rise out of those which the barbarism
of centuries has consecrated. It will one day seem in-
credible, that until the year 1826, there existed no law in
the Great Antilles to prevent the sale of young infants,
and their separation from their parents, or to prohibit the
degrading custom of marking the negroes with a hot iron,
merely to enable these human cattle to be more easily
recognized.. Enact laws to obviate the possibility of a
barbarous outrage; fix, in every sugar estate, the propor-
tion between the least number of negresses and that of
the labouring negroes ; grant liberty to every slave who
has served fifteen years, to every negress who has reared
four or five children; set them free ma the condition of
working a certain number of days for lte profit of the
plantation ; give the slaves a part of the net produce, to
interest them in the increase of agricultural isles ; fix a
sum on the budget of the public funds, destined for the
ransom of slaves, and the amelioration of their condition—
such are the most urgent objects for colonial legislation.--
Alexander Von Humboldt.