The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-02-06 00:00:00

Fl• BRIJ ARY 6, 1S38•

8P G TELL IGENCE.

( Prom the Manchester Guardian.)'
ANC:FIE:STEIL—FR[OA Y, EVENING.—The rumoured decla.
rations for the Chester Cup. noticed on Tuesday, are correct,
riz., Master of the Rolls, Drone, and Ludford. To these we
may now add Dick and Abraham Newland. How many more
may be found as having paid at Weatherby's, a day or two will
show. The limited number that have paid leaves the field a
large one to speculate upon ; and there can be little doubt that
a full tide of business will follow for some weeks. On Wed-
nesday. the [rish horse Fusileer, was backed in a spirited man-
ner, at 30 to I, an:l under. Part of the money was laid out for
his noble owner, Lord Miltown. In the same hour, Heron
shot back, even to the tempting odds of 1(k) to I. This price
was, however, accepted in a good and influential quarter; the
gentleman taking up nearly one thousand at the figure. Nothing
has transpired since to show the reason of this move; if he has
not paid forfeit, and is 6‘ all right," the layers will have pretty
considerably the worst of it. Yesterday there was a show in
favour of Parolles, followed up this morning, when 20 to I was
booked with much zest, end to even a good stake. - Birdlime
was also up a point; and our quotation, was taken. Mersey
was also backed at IW to 7; and Mr. Bowes's horse at 20 to L
Nothing has been done on the Derby to require quotations;
and the following will be found the horses most in the market at
he present day for
THE CHESTER CUP. P.P.
8 to I agaiii,t Mr. Mostvres Birdlime. (t)
10 to 1 .. General Yates's Sylvan
11 to I .. Mr. Robinson's Whalley.
12 to 1 . • Mr. Fairlic's Zohrab. ,•
14 to 1 .. Mr. Fowler's Mersey (t)
IA to 1 .. Mr. Price's Wentworth. (t)
14 to 1 .. Mr. Clarke's Magician.
16 to 1 .. Mr. Houldsworth's Combat,
20 to I .. Lord Derby's Parolles. (t)
20 to 1 .. Mr. B‘iwes's Lord Stafford. (t)
20 to I .. Lord Milltown's Fusileer; (t)

ENTRIES FOR TUE. LIVERPOOL STEEPLE CHASE.
LORD VISCOUNT MOLYNELE, UMPIRE.
Tuesday, Feb. 20.—T0 start at 7'reelee o'clock.
FIRST RACE.
A sweepstakes of 10 pounds each, with 25 added; four years
old, list ; five, list 71b; six and aged l2st. Gentlemen riders,
over a country nut exceeding five miles; the second horse to
receive back his stake ; the ground to be shown to the riders on
the morning of the race.
Mr. Mascall's b m Miss Julia Wriggles.
Mr. M'Donough's ch h Sir William.
Mr. Chawner's ch h The Duke. •
Mr. Kelly's b g
Mr. O'Moore's b h Scamp.
SECOND RACE.
A sweepstake of five pounds each, with 20 added. Weights
as before; over a country nut exceeding three miles; gentle..
men riders; the last horse to pay five pounds to the second.
Mr. Hodand's ch nt by Paul Potter.
• . Mr. Jones's br g Dancing Master.
Mr. Devme's b g Sir Thomas Lawrence.
Mr. Edward Littledale's b in The Countess. •
Mr. Jones's hr g Latitte.
THIRD RACE.
A hurdle sweepstakes of 5 pounds each, with 15 added; four
years old, lOst 71b; five, list Gib; six and aged, 12st; heats
once round ; gentlemen riders.
Capt. Tuthill's b g Mazeppa.
Mr. Kelly's b g Irishman.
Mr. M`Donough's e.h g The Disowned.
Mr. Norbury's b ul Cuuutess.
The coursing match is fixed for Wednesday and Thursday,
the 21st and '22d of February, and the dogs to be named on or
before the 7th.

LIVERPOOL MECHANICS' INSTITUTION.

LECTURES ON PHYSIOLOGY.

On Wednesday evening, Dr. Epps, of London, commenced
a course of eight lectures on this important. science. The theatre
was more numerously attended than it has been since the open-
ing night. The Doctor is a man of infinite humour, and kept
his audience in a roar throughout the lecture.
If we look around us at nature, we find that there is such an
endless variety of objects, that it is almost impossible fur any
mind to contemplate them, and at the same time to perceive the
operation of the infinite mind which called them into existence.
But, however, we du find, when we come to contemplate more
minutely the various bodies by which we are surrounded, this
most important truth made known to us, that there are certain
grand features by which all the objects iv creation are linked
together as one great whole, and that the finger of the Almigh-
ty has marked out these features with that beautiful regularity
and order which no true can properly appreciate who has not
studied them with the closest attention. In passing upwards in
etbe scale of the animal creation, we observe, that the more in-
telligent the being, the inure complicated his structure, until, at
length, we arrive at the most intelligent and the most compli-
cated of all created beings—man. Man, considered as an ani-
mal, is nothing inure than an assemblage of a number of organs
or parts, which have certain duties or functions to perform.
The utility of the bones or the skeleton of the human body is
to protect the infernal parts and to give to the human frame the
property of eiorion. In the earlier periods of our existence
there is no bone; we are nothing but a mass of membrane or
skin, and this skin gradually undergoes change until it becomes
converted by a variety of processes into the parts of which our
body is composed.
The skull of a very young being is very soft and delicate. As
children progress in life, the bones, which are at first little better
than gristle, become hardened. Let us consider what does
bone consist of ? If you take a bone and soak it in muriatic
acid diluted with water, the earthy matters of the bone are dis-
solved, whilst its cartilaginous structure remains behind. Chil-
dren which have not the proper portion of earthy matter in their
bones are said to be rickety. 'this arises from want of proper
loud, treatment, and exercise of the limbs. Crooked legs are
frequently occasioned by the same causes, in old men there
is too peat an amount of earthy matter ; the cartilaginous mat-
ter becomes abstracted, and that is the reason why old persons
are so liable to fractures of bones from /falls which would not
injure a young person. It is a very curious fact, in connexion
with this part of the subject, that the bones of prize-fighters, ifl
consequence of their system of training, are firmer and more
capable of bearing blows than those of persons under the ordin-
ary system of diet. This shows the necessity of attending to the
diet of children, in order to induce a proper firmness of
The skull is to be viewed as " the palace of the soul," because
it contains within it the brain. The brain is one of the softest,
if not the softest, portion of the human body, and we have to
carry it about with us for more than 60 or 70 years. As the
brain is the seat of the reasoning faculties of the man, it is ne-
cessary that it should be well protected against the numerous
perils to which man is subject. Bow does the Creator take
care of this valuable jewel ? A skull is rounded in the form of
au arch in every direction, and this rounded form is one of the
modes which the Creator has adopted for the purpose of enab-
ling the skull to resist the injuries to which the brain- would
otherwise be exposed. It is a well-known fact, that, if you wish
to give to a fortified tower the greatest strength, it is made round;
in like manner, the walls of a dock are constructed round, in or-
der to turn off the fury of the waves. Very often the bullet which
enters the forehead of a man conies out behind without doing is
vital injury, in consequence of the bones of the skull having
turned the ali round. The same has happened with respect to the
ribs. But not only is the skull made in that form which of all
others wilt enable it to sustain the greatest hardship, but it is
also made of eight distinct bones, beautifully dovetailed into
each other, by which a far greater degree of strength is given to
it. In old persons all these bones become united, and that is
the,reason why a blow on the head is so much oftener attended
with fatal consequences to an old roan titan to a young man.
The centre of the arch of the skull is stronger than any other
part; and to prevent the sides femn bursting out by pressure
from above, the side bones lap over in such a manner us to
form a sort of withers.

The next point in importance is what is calledtho spinal cord,
or what is called by butchers the pith, which passes down a
groove in the centre of the spine or backbone. The spinal cord
Is divided into three distinct columns, from which proceed the
nerves which affect the muscles of our feet and hands, our sense
of feeling, and enable us to breathe. Performing such impor-
tant functions, it is clear that the injury of this soft cord would
be attended with danger, and that, next to the brain, its safety
is of the greatest importance. Accordingly we find that our
Creator has enclosed it in the series of vertebrae or bones, con-
stituting our spine, which vertebrae are constructed in such a
manner, and of such a size, that we may bend or twist the spine
to a considerable degree without doing any injury to the spinal
cord itself. The nerves poweed flow small holes in these
vertebim. The first of the vertebrae receives the bone of the
skull, and is so constructed as to allow us to nod the head itt
any direction, and there are certain projectiousin it to prevent
the skull from sliding off. The same vertebral bone does not
allow us to turn our heads. This operation is accomplished by
means of the second of the vertebrae, which turns iu a socket.
being the only one of the vertehim bones possessed' of that
faculty. There are ligaments on edcb side of this bone to pre-
vent it from being easily dislocated. Some persons are in the
habit of lifting children up by the chin, on pretence of showing
them London, or on some such foolish plea, and in some cases
the vertebral bone has been dislodged, and death ensued. When
a person in hunting falls from the track of his horse, he is said to
break his neck ; it is from the circumstance of these ligaments
being stretched so as to admit of the upper vertebral bone being
lifted off the pivot, and many lives might be spared it a surgeon
were at hand to replace the bones. We should be,very careful
in treating children thus. We were never made to be played
with, or to go jumping over hedge and ditch after a poor crea-
ture like a hare,‘ivin
2aastit scientific
amusement
is no common thing to see fitty or sixty
ailer thin!g.
etthuesu
spp(e
creature)s
hunted were a i
that the spinal cord had nothing to take off the shocks which'it
would receive in jumping, slipping, or a thousand other incon-
veniences Of the same nature to which flesh is heir. flow dis-
agreeable life would be under such circumstances. When one
ship approaches another some soft substance is interposed to
break the shock. The same thing is done to prevent the un-
pleasant collision of two railway carriages. The Creator has
actually interposed a cushion between every one of the verte-
brze, which is the intervertebral substance which is put between
each bone, which by its softness and utility takes off the shock,
What is still more curious, these gradually shelve to a centre,
and in the centre is a drop of liquid—and liquids are the most
incompressible substances. When we lie down at night;the
spinal cord becomes distended in consequence of our bodies
being taken off it. It is a well-known fact that a man .is taller
in the mourning than he is at night. A trial hinging upon the
height of an individual was once gained on this principle. In
order to make the young man of the required height, he was
caused to keep in bell for three days, until he was required fu
court. The effect of this was, that upon being taken into court
he was found to be of the right height and no more. Persons
who are a long time confined to their beds become, in like
manner, talter, hence the vulgar notion that corpses grow- Dr.
Harrison, of Loudon, has been eminently successful in curing
persons with distorted spines by a course of treatment founded
upon the patient lying upon his back.

StAmp.—The hours of retiring to rest should be early and
regular. It has been said that 11 a man takes the proper quan-
tity of sleep it is of little consequence at what nine it is taken ;
and some persons in high life, acting upon this false maxim,
often rise at three in the afternoon, and go to bed at four in the
,„„min,;; and, consequently,- rarely see the sun for months
together. Few plans snore effective than this for shortening
life can be imagined. Theatres, concerts, and late evening
parties, are to be eschewed. Attendance at them is, on many
accounts, highly destructive to the aged. The vitiated air, the
sudden and great change of temperature to which it exposes
them, act upon thew with a vastly greater power than upon the
younger and more vigorous. Et,en young !lessons should not
go into company every night; the excit yuient and late hours to
which they expose themselves by
so doing soon change their
lout!) into the appearance of old age; for no constitution can
long endur.. such treatment. A London season in high life,
constantly spent in rompituy, is generally sufficient to under-
mine the health of young ladies on first coming nut, if they are
not very careful. They should, therefore, make a point. of
having two or three clays of rest and quietness in earls week.
Music and dancing are very well in their way; but, when
in-
dulged in to success, are highly injurious both to wind
body.—Curtis on Health.