The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-04-10 00:00:00

OUTLINE OF KINNEAR'S CAREER.

As our readers may have some curiosity respecting, the former
career of an individual who has made so much noise in.the
world as John Kinnear, we will give a few of the leading par-
ticulars of his life. He is, if we mistake not, a native of Mon-
trose. Ile married a Miss Donaldson, of Perth, whose maiden
name he has recently assumed, and was at one time a partner
in the house of Robinson, Tate, Kinnear, and Co., of Glasgow ;
and, if we are not misinformed, bid also some connexion in
business with a member of the Monteith family. Though we
believe he did not actually fail at Glasgow. he was not success-
fulin business there, and consequently removed to Liverpool
some time prior to the year 1810. Here he very soon launched
out in an extent of speculative dealing and of accommodation
paper, which up to that time had probably never had a parallel
rn this country ; and he eventually involved several other very
considerable houses, and an immense number of smaller con-
cerns, in utter ruin. Amongst other exploits, he is said to have
drawn an.-1 to have succeeded in negociating a bill for upwards
of 1;80,000, (we believe £85,000,) which was subsequently
generally stated to have been trained and glazed, and kept in
the private office of a Liverpool banking-house, by whom the
bill was discounted. This bill gave occasion to the following
lines, constituting part of a poem written in the year 1810, and
entitled "Things as they are at Liverpool." It was published
in the Liverpool Mercury, and, we believe, was uLderstood to
have been the production of a well-known Liverpool merchant.
Having previously alluded to the prevalence of accommodation
bills, known by the cant name of "kites," the writer proceeds—
" In those blest days when credit ran so high,
Kinnear could make an eighty thou.sand fly:
But God help them—God help the silly pack,
Who piaced themselves, adventurous on its back.
Their dreadful till.—and oh ! what numbers fell,—
Let the Gazette's recording pages tell."
We believe hat on Kinnear's-bankruptcy, which took place
in 1810, the amount of his debts was nearly a million sterling;
those of the other houses connected with him in bill transactions,
and involved in his fail, amounted to an enormous sum; and
the misery and ruin inflicted, not only upon Liverpool, but on
Manchester and the manufacturing district; generally, were
frightful in the extreme.

After his failure Kinnear went to London, and was not, we,
believe, much heard of until the year 1817, when certain cri-
minal proceedings against him were commenced, which ter-
minated in his being tried at Guildhall before Chief Justice
Abbott, together with. several other persons, on a charge of
conspiring to defraud the king's subjects, by setting up three or
four persons in business as merchants in Loudon, giving them
an appearance of wealth, which enabled them to procure cre-
dit in various quarters, and finally defrauding a large number
of petsons in Manchester and elsewhere to the extent of nearly
£lOO,OOO. Three of the defendants, namely, Kinnear, Lewis
Levy, and Mozley Woolf, were convicted inn the deafest evi-
dence, and sentenced to an imprisonment of two years each, in
addition to a fine of £lO,OOO on Woolf, and £5,0(30 on Levy.
Kinnear, in pursuanceof his sentence, was confined in Ilchester
Gaol, and was one of the witnesses to support-the charges pq-
ferred against the gaoler, William' Bridle, by the wed-known
henry Hunt, who was also confined 'at llchester at the seine
time.

Shortly after the termination of 'the imptiQonment at 11-
chester, -Kinnear established a bank at Brighton, under tiie
title, if we are not mistaken, of the Royal Bank, and a consi-
derable number of his notes found their way into Manchester,
Liverpool, &c. In the former town an office arcs opened to ne-
gotiate them. This was in 1823, when loc-al notes were begin-
ning to acquire currency in the town, awl many of them were
taken by incautious persons. most of whom, of course, lost their
money. Kinnear is also known to- have been connected with
the "Mersey Bank," which was established in Liverpool Some-
where about the same time, but which, we believe, was not a
very successful speculation. Fur some time previous to his
committal, he lived partly in London and partly in France, hut
was not much before the

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LANCASTER EASTER QUARTER SESSION'S

APRIL 2.

IMPOitTAMT PLI.ONY CASE.
Joseph Cazneati, a young man of respectable appearance,
anti, we understand, of respectable connectiuus In Liverpool, was
put to the baron a charge of having stolen, at- Liverpoot, S bales
of cotton twist, the property of Gustavus Findeisou anti others.
—The prisoner pleaded not guilty, and the jury was scorn:
Mr. Wilkins addressed the jury forthe prosecution. Ile was
glad to be able to congratulate the jury on their labours being
so limited; but, whilst he congratulated them on the circum-
stance of their being but one case for their consideration, be
begged to call to that one their most serious attention. -He
would also add, with all respect, that it was a case which re-
quired the close attention of, nut only the jury, but the bench,
as on the latter would devolve the duty of explaning to the former
the construction of the laws. It was somewhat curious and
intetesting to mark the history of our English laws on the sub-
ject of larceny, if merely to show the expansible principles of
those laws, and the readiness with which they might be adapted
to meet particular circumstances, and such exigencies as time
might bring round. The definition formerly held was, that, to.
constitute a larceny, it was necessary to show a felonious intent:l. hat was the old .construction ; but to meet the exigencies of
the times, a inure extensive construction arose, and what was
called a constructive taking was admitted; so that the law did
not require an actual theft to be proved, but that the property
in question was obtained by fraudulent means. and with a fraus
duleut intention. That was larceny. He had not the privilege
of hearing the law laicldown in the charge to the grand jury;
but if he was wrong, the able bench before whom he spoke would
correct him. If, for example, they found that the prisoner at
the bar had obtained possession of the goods said to be stolen,
with intent to defraud the owners, that would be larceny. .11,
again, they found he gut possession with no such original inten-
tion, but as what was called a bailee—that was, the goods were
intrusted to his care,—and if by an act of his, he put an end to
the contract .for bailment, from that moment the larceny com-
menced. Mr. Starkie, in his book of evidence, held that if a
carrier broke open a box delivered to his care, and appropriated
its contents, though at the time he entertained no such intention,
that would be felony, the privity of contract being determined
there was no longer any question. That, he (Mr. Wilkins)
apprehended, met the case. First, if the jury believed at the
time the prisoner received the goods he had a felonious intention,
they would have no difficulty in finding him guilty. With rea
gard to original intention, it was laid down by Mr. Archbold
that if a carrier took out and appropt iated part of a bale of goons
intrusted to his care, that was a good proof of an original inteu-
lion to commit felony ; and then came Mr.Starkie's case, where,
supposing that there was no such origins! intention, but that the
contract for bailment was put an end to, the larceny would
commence. Having stated what he aoprellentled was the law,
he would now proceed to detail the facts of the case they were about
to try. The prosecutor was a merchant of Manchester, in partner=
ship wit h two other merchants; one of whom iesided at Berlin, and
the other at Hamburg. it appeared that in the month of June
last, he received instructions to ship some twist by a vessel called
the Josephine, and lie forwarded a letter to the house of Messrs.
Peter Sorenson and Co. of Liverpool. [Here the learned coun-
sel read the letter. It was an order foe shipment to Borga, by
the Josephine, and itfurther asked Messrs. Sorenson to auvise
when the Josephine arrived, and say if she had room for the
goods. He next read a letter in reply from Messrs. Sorenson,
and written by the prisoner. This epistle stated that the Jose-
phine had not arrived, but was expected daily, and that they
would sealure room and advise arrival. The first of these letters
was dated the 14th of June, 1837, and the second the 16th of
the same month.] Shortly after, the prosecutor went over-to
Liverpool, and called and saw the prisoner, stating to the latter
what were the instructions of the film, with regard to the twist.
Thi prisoner said Mr. Sorensou had left the office, but that he
would take care to have the goods shipped by the Josephine.
On the 19th of July the goods were forwarded, together with a
letter of advice and a specification of the goods. Fifteen bales
were thus forwarded by the railway, and notice was given to the
prisoner that there were 23 others at the prosecutor's brokers,
in Liverpool, and a bill fur £47 ',ls 24 sent fur acceptance, in
consideration of a certain bale shipped on account or Snecken-
stroton, the owner of the Josephine. That bill the prisoner ac-
cepted, and it had come back dishonoured, [The letter of di-
rections sent by the prosecutor was here read. it merely gave
the usual orders respecting payment of freight, insurance, &c.
which was to be charged to the consignee at Borga; and referred
to the bill of exchange just mentioned.' He should put in the bill
of exchange, and prove that the prisoner accepted it. In August,
in consequence of certain information, the prosecutor went over
to Liverpool, arid found Messrs. Sorenson's office shut up, and
the prisoner not to be found. He then went to Dublin, and
there found eight bales which had been sold by auction. He
should
,prove, by the prisoner's own admission, that he sent the
bales to Dublin far sale. He understood the prisoner meant to
tell the jury, that he only acted for Messrs. Sorenson ; but that
would not avail him ; for, if an agent were guilty of dishonest
or felonious acts, the jury would be told by the bench, that he
was responsible. He (Mr. Wilkins) understood the prisoner
meant to say that he did the act to meet Sorenson and Co.'s
bills; but if so, why send the goods to Dublin, and incur tisk
and freight, whilst there was a. more likely market near at hand,
both at Liverpool and Manchester? That was -point for the
jury's consideration. But suppose Sorenson himself had so
disposed of the go ids, he apprehended he would stand in the
saute position as the prisoner; and if so, a liatiori, the prisimer
teas guilty. He had to inform the jury, in conclusion, that two
bales were found at the railway station. He begged, in justice
to the prosecutors, lo.say, that they were actuated by no vindic-
tive feeling; and he begged to say, also, that they did not come
there, as was said, to oppose the prisoner in the Insolvent Debtors'
Court; and he (the prisoner) knew that. He knew he could
have asked the prosecutor for proof of his 'debt, andte could
not have substantiated it. The prosecutors had only done what
they conceived to be their duty to the public, and to the corn-
met cial world in particular, who would be.subject to like frauds,
unless the parties perpetrating them were dragged forward to
answer for themseltres at the bar of justice. He apprehended
they had done their duty, and that the prisoner would be proved
guilty Of the charge alleged against him.
Gustavus Findeison sworn:—l ant a merchant residing at
Manchester. I have two partners, Sigismund Antoine Liebert
and John Joseph Liebert ; one at Hamburg, and the other at
Berlin. We forwarded a letter to Messrs. Sorenson, on the
14th dune last. I undertake to swear this is a copy s.f the letter.
[The letter was here read.] I received an answer. [The answer
of the 1611 i June was here put in and read.] The signature is
the prisoner's. lam acquainted with his hand-writing. Our
firm is carried on as S. A. and J. J. Liebert. I had occasion
to go to Liverpool shortly after. I called at Sorenson's office.
the best of my recollection, I spoke to the prisoner. I can-
not say; there were two persons, and, to the best of my belief,
he was one. He sloke to me. 1 never considered the prisoner
as an agent. I asked for Mr. Peter Sorenson, but he said he
was not in. He did not tell me he had *gone to America. I
talked about the Josephine. 1 asked if she had arrived, and he
said she had not. I said I should like to know when she arrived,
and he said he would let ism know. It was because I intended
to send the goods, which I described as twist and cotton. Short-
ly after, I forwarded a letter of advice to Messrs. Sorenson and
Co. [Letter dated July 19, 1837, and the accompanying spe-
cification of the goods, was here put in and read.] According
to that advice I sent a bill. [The bill referred to in the letter,
and accepted .by the prisoner, was put in and read. It is the
custom to present for acceptance immediately. From informa-
tion I had received, I had occasion, the latter end of August,
to go to Liverpool. I went to Sorenson's office. It was closed.
I went to Cayman's place; but I did not find him there. I did
not find him at all. The Josephine was in port. None of our
goods had been shipped by Sorenson. I found two bales at the
railway station, and these I shipped myself. With the excep-
tion of those, no other was shipped by the Josephine. In conse-
quence of further information, I went the day after to Dublin,
and found 500 bundles of the cotton twist there. I could swear
to its being
.ours. When speaking of bundles, bulk had been
broken, and sold by action. I found the goods at a manufac-
turer's house. I returned to Liverpool, and since then the pri-
soner has been made bankrupt. I attended the last examina-
tion of the. bankrupt. I did not prove any debt. He was exa-
mined about the twist. I had not received one farthing fur the
goods sent.
Cross-examined by Mr. Boileau. The firm in Hamburg is John
JoSeph Liebert only, but that at Berlin the same as that at
Manchester. I considered that Sorenson had received the goods
to be sent to Sueckenstromm. At Liverpool, I believe it was
Joseph Cazneau who spoke to me. There was another clerk.
He said, Mr. Sorenson was not in, and came forward and spoke
to me. He only said, Mr. Sorenson was out; he did not say,
where he had gone. I took his answer as that of a clerk. I
only said, I considered him as no agent, because I only knew
Peter Sorenson and Co., and the twist was sent to him. I was
not on board the Josephine; but I knew there was none of the
goods on board, from a conversation with the owner. Never
Id any transactions with Sorensons' before. The letters were
signed by procuration, and the bills were accepted in the same
way. I considered. Peter Sorenson and Cos-responsible. The
bill was never paid ; we were obliged to pay it ourselves. , Caz-
neau's place was near the water somewhere; he had no office.
1 beard Messrs. Peter Sorenson and Company were Danish
consuls. I found the goods at a manufacturer's in Dublin.
I inquired first at Mr. H. Littlewood's, and after that at Mr.
Littledale's, the auctioneer. He said, he had received the
goods direct front Peter Sorenson and Co. I attended the
bankruptcy. I did not prove, because I was not asked. I un-
derstood my examination would come after the creditors were
done with. I stated whet had been done, and said that I had
not received the twist. I did not make any claim. This is my
handwriting [a paper handed to the witness.] 1 know Sneck-
enstrowm, and have received letters front nine too. I think
that is his signature [a paper handed.] This looks somewhat
different, but it is impossible to tell [speaking to another paper.]
I think there is a difference. I deal largely in foreign transac-
tions. I do not know the custom of Finland. A bundle of
twist is Nibs; so that I found about five bales in Dublin. One
bale, 't F.S. 51," was on Sneckenstromm's own account. The
value would he about £so—from £44 to £5O. I was here before
the Insolvent Debtors' Court. I looked at the schedule to see
if my name was inserted. I found it there. It was disputed. •
Re-examined by Mr. Wi t. alas.— I never considered myself
a creditor of the prisoner. I lodged a detainer. When goods
are shipped, the bill of lading would show it. I saw the letter'
to Mr. Littledale. It was signed by Joseph Cazneau.
William Rosetre.—l am clerk to Messrs. Lowndes and Ro-
binson, of Liverpool. I attended the examination of the pri-
soner before the bankruptcy commissioners. [The examination
was here produced and read. lu the course of it the prisoner
admitted that he had received the letter of advice from Mr.
Findeison before he shipped the goods to Dublin.]
Here the case for the prosecution closed.
Mr. Boloaa o objected thaathe other side had failed to prove
that the property belonged to the prosecutor. It was plain he
consulered Sorenson and Co. answerable. The bill took that
part at least, for ulna's it was considered payment, out of'the
prosecutor's hands; and as to the rest, he contended that the
railway coinpany would have been answerable, but having de-
livered it over to Sorensona it became' theirs.
The COURT said the property was still Mr. Findeison's, and
over-ruled the objection.
Mr. Boma:au then addressed the Jury.—llis learned friend
had truly laid clown the law of larceny; but he apprehended
• that there was one iegredient that he hart wholly failed to supply
in flits case, amid that was the original intention to commit
felony, There was nothing whatever, in evidence, to prove
that at the time the goods were sent by the railway, the prisoner
made application for them; and unless they could prove that he
intended to appropriate, the indictment could not be held good.
The prisoner was only die agent of Sorenson and Co., and how
could the jury say the goods were frandulentiv obtained? Was
there ore •word as to the false pretence? 'Was It not clear
throughout- that the prisoner acted only as the agent of Sorenson
and Co.? and if he could show that the.goods.were parted with
liv hem as the agent of Sorenson, they must acquit horn. Unless
there was eroved a wrougfol appropriati(t, he was•clearly acting
fur them tonverled the
goods. Was there any
benefit to be derived by the prisoner?
No. Did he receive any commission ? No. lie (Mr:Boileau)
would distinctly show the jury time grounds on which the goods
were sent to Dublin. It wits at the urgent instanceof one Mur-
phy, who had is claim in Sorenson and Co. 51r.-Peter Sore
son, belore he left the country, had given the prisoner a general
••• to act for That power was recognised, and the potti • .
pri-
soner sent over the goods in consequence of the threats-of Mur-
phy. Ile did it to relieve Messrs. Sorenson and Co.'s difficulties.
He admitted that a great breach of trust hail been com-
mitted,
but he thought he should also be able to show t bat
it was at most but a cause of civil action. He would prove
that Sneckenstromm had. himself, received front the prisoner
a certain bill, and had discharged all liability as to thir-

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teen bales; and' if Sneckenstromm took from the prisoner a
hill in discharge of a certain debt, he wondered on what
gmund the prosecutor could say he had received no benefit.
It Was all very true, that at Liverpool Mr. Findeison did not
meet with the prisoner; but the reason must be evident. So-
renson and Cu. were in diincolty, and Murphy was strongly
urging his claims upon them. The prisoner resided at the other
sine of the water, and was himself in no flourishing circumstan-
ces. If his intentions had been fraudulent, would he not first
have satisfied his own creditors with the proceeds of the goods
on the spot, and divided the money amongst his creditors ?
Further, Mr. Findeison had taken„ a bill, and he said he held
Sorenson and Co. answerable. Well, five bales were found at
Dublin ; and if he thought there was any debt, why did he not
claim ? The fact of his not claiming was strong evidence to
show that he did not think the prisoner was liable. His learned
friend said he had not opposed him in the Insolvent Debtors'
Court, but his learned friend did oppose him.
Mr. Wilkins.--I did not—for Mr. Fendeison.
Mr. Boileau.—ln fact, the property was made the subject of
litigation in every way. He should prove that there was an
action pending for the recovery of the goods. His friend said
the crown prosecuted, but it was at the instance of particular in-
dividuals, as in all other cases. Then what were the jury to say
about vindictive feelings? He would show that, about the 3rd
of June, Peter Sorenson went to America; that, before doing
so, he applied to the prisoner to know if he would act, not only
as his commercial agent, but as vice-consul for Sweden and
Norway; that after arriving in America, he acknowledged that
agency. Ile should show that Captain Sneckenstromm had
induced the prisoner to give him a bill,—that he received a bill
for the full amount, and discharged him.

Mr. Wilkins.—My learned friend cannot do this, I appre,
hend ?

Mr. Boileau.—Down to the latest moment he contended that
no fraud was committed by the prisoner; and if there was no
fraud, the
•jury could not convict.
Mr, Clarke, from the bench, observed that he never knew a
case more completely stripped of all difficulties. It was a clear
larceny; if not, there was an end to all security in trade.
Hannah O'Neill, a smart-looking young woman, fashionably
attired, was first examined for the defence. I was housekeeper
to Mr. Cazneau. He lived in Upper Tranmere. He was living
there in August. In that month, on a Sunday, Captain Sneck-
enstromm came, and• Geraldson, clerk to Messrs. Sorenson and
Co. Captain S. called on the Thursday morning afterwards.
Other persons came and they were admitted. Mr. Cazneau did
not join them that morning. On the Thursday morning, Capt.
S. called, but he (lid not get in. I told him Mr. Cazneau was
not at home. He was not satisfied, and went round the house
and looked in at the parlour window. He saw Mr. Cazneao
about three weeks afterwards. I saw a receipt. He gave a bill;
Geraldson was present then. Geraldson Called previously. He
brought a letter, and gave it to me.
• John Geraldson.l am a Norwegian. I was clerk to Messrs.
Sorenson, and Co. Mr. Sorenson left England,•l think, in the
month of May. Ido not 'know the cause. I did not keep his
books. There was an English clerk. I took the foreig❑ part.
I know the prisoner. He came frequently to the office, after
and before Mr. Sorenson went away. • I acted on his instruc-
tions. I did so because I knew,he had a power of attorney, as
agent. I do not remember when the bales were sent. I was
present with Captain Sneckenstrom and the prisoner in August.
He gave a bill to Captain Sueckenstromm, who took it with
him. He is in Finland.

Mr. Wilkins addressed the jury in reply. He knew his
learned friend's conscientious zeal on behalf of his client, and
he respected his knowledge of the Law t but he was sorry that
on this occasion his zeal had led him into a line of defence, to
support which, he was obliged to resort, not to common law,
but what he might designate very uncommon law.. He (Mr.
Wilkins) however, could observe, that the court clearly saw
through the case, and, from the intimations that were given,
he had reason to think it would agree with the law as he had
humbly laid it down. It was clear the goods were forwarded
with special advice and a most scrupulous order, and there was
proof that,. in vidation of that advice and that order, the goods
were sent to Dublin: It was also proved that the prisoner was
keeping out of the way, and th,,t, with othereircumstances com-
bined, led to the inference that he knew he was doing wrong.
Another strong fact was that the prisoner did not tell Mr. Fin-
deison that Mr. Sorenson was gone to America; but, on the
contrary, held out a pretence by implication, in order that lie
might get possession of the goods, he well knowing that if he
had said Sorenson had gone out of the country, he would never
have got the goods. There wasi therefore, good'evidence of his
guilty intention. It would be I`'r the jury to say so by their
verdict, and he had no doubt thfprisoner would be ultimately
dealt by with judgment and justice.
The Chairman summed up.. He observed that the law of lay-
ceney, as laid down by the learned council, be had no reason to
disagree with, and he believed it was pretty much to the same
effect as what he himself had addressed to the grand jury. Sup-
posing the prisoner had got the goods with a view to misappro-
priation,. that would be guilt ; and there was also the ease of a
party in the character of a bailee—that was when property was
confided for some special purpose—it the party intrusted di-
verted the property to purposes of his own, that would also be
larceny. Of course, neither court nor jury could look into the
prisoner's mind, and say what his intentions were; and they
were Obliged to judge.frion the circumstances of the case. The
prisoner bad received letters .to ship certain goods, and what
would be the natural conduct of a person meaning fairly on re-
ceiving the goods; Would he not have told the prosecutor,
that Mr. Sorenson had gone to America r'' Did the jury think
it probable, if that was stated to Mr. Findeison, that he would
have intrusted the goods to the prisoner? That appeared to
afford proof of the prisoner's intention. Did he ship the goods
afterwards? No. Even on his own admission he said he sent
them to Dublin. He (the chairman) Was not aware of any
right he had, in contravention of nis directions, to do that; and
it was for the jury to say what inference they drew from it. He
could not cocceive, either, that any authority from Captain
Sneckenstromin -would so authorize the prisoner. The goods
belonged to Mr; Findeison, and it did not appear that he had
received any payment from Captain Sneckenstromm. The
jury, however, would judge. They would look at the prisoner's
conduct, and if they saw any reasonab:e grounds for doubting
his guilt, they would, es i.n all other cases, giVe him the benefit
of that doubt; but if not, it would be their duty to find him

The jury immediately returned a vcrditt of guilty.
Fendeison, on being asked by the"bench the value of the
whole property, replied that it was about £7OO.
The Chairman proceeded to pass sentence. The offence of
which the prisoner had been found guilty was one of a very se-
rious complexion, and they had seen many persons sent from
that court out of the country on charges of a much lighter die.
It %vas necessary, for the protection of the public that such
cases should be met with due severity'--the moral guilt was very
great, and it was' right that the punishment should be com-
mensurate. The sentence of the court was that the prisoner be
transported for seven veins.

This was the only f4,ny case on trial, and at its conclusion
(about six) the court adjourned.

SOUTH LANCASHIRE BANK:

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.
Sza,—l observe in your paper of the 27th ult., that in the re-
port of a trial, "'Thomas and another, assignees, v. Connell,"
Mr. Cresswell is made to say :—" In this way the South
,Lan•
cashire Bank got some £l,lOO, the produce of goods which were
sold under circumstances which induced the assignees, at the
last assizes, to bring an action, which terminated in a verdict
which compelled- them to refund the money they had so re-
ceived."

Passing over whether these words were used by_the learned
counsel in error, or inserted by your reporter by mistake, as
'not material, I beg to assure you that the South Lancashire
Bank never did have a fraudulent preference—no action was
brought against it. and no refunding ever took place.
The facts of the case are these:—Brown and Cheetham
opened an account with this bank, but we would not open that
accoubt and take their bills without a guarantee ; and Messrs.
Lilly, Bentley, and Brown, sen., guaranteed the bank accord-
ingly. Now, when Brown and Cheetham were in difficulties,
the bank naturally and properly called on the sureties, and they
paid Off the money, and there the transaction ended, as far as
this bank was toncerned.

It is true that the assignees brought an,action against those
sureties for obtaining' a preference, and they were obliged to
repay the money they had o obtained; but the South Lan.
cashire Bank had nothing to !lo with this; it was never applied
to to refund any thing either in this case or any other.
I shall be oblitted, therefore, by your Contradicting this part of
the report, either by insetting this letter or .by a paragraph of
your own.—l am, &c., R. PENNY, Manaver,
' Manchester, April 2, 1838.

THE PILOT COMMITTEE.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

Sta,—in your last number you inserted a letter addressed to
the pilots, which you say is "supposed to have emanated from
Mr. Aikin."

As I was ignorant of such a letter having been written until
I saw it in your paper, I must disavow the compliment you of
course intended to pay to me.
Allow me to take this opportunity to state, that during the
long period I acted as a member of the Pilot Committee I never
asked a pilot to vote on any occasion.
I am, Sir,
Your obedient Servant,
JAMES AIKIN.

STEAM VOYAGE ACROSS THE ATLANTICM 1819. n Sun-
day last arrived here, in 26 days from Savannah,* the steam-
ship Savannah,- Captain Rodgers, (brother to Commodore
Rodgers,) burthen 319 tons; her destination is said to he St.
Petersburgh. as a present to the Emperor Alexander.—( Gore's
Advertitel, June 24, 1819.(—The Savannah, steam-ship, which
arrived here last week from Savannah, is the first steam-vessel
which had crossed the Atlantie. She is a beautiful vessel, and
was built at New York, under the inspection of her commander,
Captain Rodgers. Her hurthen is 319 tons. Her destination
is said to be St. Petersburgh, as a present to the Emperor
Alexander. An amusing incident is related in the Irish papers
reapecting this vessel. When off the coast of Ireland, she was
observed bs the Kite, revenue erusien„)~,ieutenant BoWie. The
Kite chased her during the day, going ten knots, supposing her
to be a ship tin tire, when at length, perceiving the Kite in
chase, she stopped her engine till the latter came up.—(Liver-
pool Courier„lune 30. 1819.) The ship mentioned above was'
not a " genuine— steamer, having been fitted for sailing as
well as steaming. Besides, the memo steam engines built
twenty years asp, were greatly inferior to those manufactured
now-a-days. The performance of ,the Savannah, which look
port of that
on the passage from the American twenty-six days
name, cannoi,rherefore, be compared with the expected per-
formance of the Sirius or the Great Western, both of which
will, it is thought, reach New York in fifteen days.—Ed.
Music or, I'l-Ili ZICNTIEAM.—The musical world will shortly
.have a treat of a novel and most interesting nature. It appears
that the alhmnp of a distingeished songstress, about to quit the
German stage, contains many curious and unpublished relics of
the most celebrated poets of the age—viz,. Voss, Paul Flem-
ming, Korner, Von Stolberg: Alahlmann, Jean Paul, Gerhardt,
Goethe, Helmina, Chezy, Ste, &c., whichhave Veen
bseto t
music by Haydn, Weber, Beethoven, Spobr, Lindpaintner,
Hummel, Mendelssohn-Bartholdt,, 11.Marschner, T. Kuhlau,'
Chevalier Neukomm, &c. &c. These valuable morceaux have
been secured by the proprietors of 'that spirited literary and
musical periodical '1 i.i SUNBEAM," and will be published in '
successive numbers of that already highly popular publication,
accompained by a metrical translation of the words.
THE GODS OF RODIE.—Can there be imagined a more deplora-
ble prostitution of the human intellect, thau the employmeNt of
it Co fix the era, the country, and the genealogy of the Boman
Jupiter, Juno. Vulcan, and Venus :• in follow them through their
obscene and filthy adventules.; to luxuriate over the amours, or
to bewail the misfortunes of creatures, which, if they ever had
existed, would have been a disgrace to humanity, to say nothing
of divinity ? If such a study must have been degrading, even
times of ignorance,' whit'ean be thought of it, as an orna-
mental branch of learning,—as an exercise for the youthful
mind, in times and in a country upon which the true light,'
has dawned ? Fixing the birth-place, parentage, and eauca-
Hon, gloatiwg over the loves and debaucheries, of corrupted
tiihnoGLY.Pitics ! It would be difficult to turn to a more de-
grading chapter in the economy of tiuman life,— foviaon~
Religious History of ' Man.

10, 183.

•

•
ityf DsToN 'MARSH LEY FOR (ATTLE, 1838. Con
_ED tesseilly one of the finest Leys in the Kingdom, the Land
tieing of the best quality, and ptentifullv supplied with excellent
Water in every part, now iu the holditig of Mr. James Radio)",
Bidstou Hail.

TERMS

A Horse, full Ley Di 0 0
A Horse, twelve weeks
A Horse, eight week's 3 4 0
A Two•year-old Colt 3 10 0
A One-year-old Colt
A Feeding Cow, or Three-year-old Heifer 3 0 0
A Milking Cow
A Two-year-old Heifer 2 0 0
- A One-year-old Heifer
To be taken in at the Wallasey Gate on the 10th day of May,
and at the Bidstori Gate on the 11th day of May, and continue
till the 10th of October, after which date Cattle left will be
charged extra, and to be paid for before taken away.
Cattle to be Booked at Bidstou Hall; at Miss Weston's.
Ship Inn, Crosby ; at Mr. Owens's, New Haymarket, corner of
Gloucester-street, Liverpool; Mr. Morgan's, Fenwick-street,
at which places Mr. RA DLay will attend every Saturday to Book
Cattle; at Mr. Owens's, at Twelve o'clock, and at Mr. Mor-
gan•s. at Two o'clock.

-
The best hours of bringing Cattle will be three hours before
Hii,ll Water, and three hours after High Water.
All Cattle coming to Bidston Ley will pass flee of expense br
the Woodside Ferry, from George's Pierhead.
Mr. Radley pledges himself that the Ley shall not be over-
stocked.

ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
The Last Week but Three of the Season.
The only Theatre open this Week; an arrangement having
been made with Mr. RYAN to continue his EnuEsTittari
PERFORMANCES for a few Evenings longer.
rlonis present TUESDAY Evening; the 10th, TO-MOR-
ROW, the 11th, THURSDAY, the 12th, and SATUR-
DAY, the 14th instant.—Master C. AtAms as the FRENCEi
REAPER.—The TAMING of BUCEPHALUS; the Horse
of Io,ooo.—The ROYAL ENGLISH BROTH ERS.-IVliso
and Master GINNETT as JOCKEY and JENNY, and they
will Dance a Scotch Medley Dance.—The COCKNEY,
SPORTSMEN.—Mr. FIELD'S astonishing TRAMPOLINIt
EXEI{TIONS.—A NAVAL HORNPIPE, by Master C.
ADAMS.—Mr. RYAN'S NEW ACT OF FANCY.—The.IN-
PANT HERCULES.—Mr. WILLIAMS'S ANTIPOLEAN•
FEATS. GRAND ENTREE of the KNIGHTS of
PALESTINE.—The CHIARINI FAMILY on the TIGHT
ROPE.—Mr. PowELL as the BRIGAND.—Sieur THORPEZ
on the CORDE VOLANTE, as the Flying Mercury.

LIVERPOOL
TRADESMENS' CONSEtt VATIVE ASSOCIATION.
rgll-!1?. DINNER TO SIR FRANCIS BURDETT, BART.
M. P. will take place on MONDAY, APRIL 23d instant, in
the LARGE ROOM, LUCAS'S REPOSITORY, GREAT CHARLOTTE*
STREET. Tickets to members, fifteen shillings; non-members.
one guinea each, maw be obtained at the Office of. the Associa-
tion, corner of Church-street, and Church-lane, between the
hours of nine and four.

W. J. PEACHEY,

Secretary.

Committee-room, April 9th, 1838.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

Several communications are unavoidably postponed for sent of
room, and several books have been left for notice weich the
crowded state of our columns will not permit us to review un-
til Friday.

Vie tilurpool ,Stanbarti.

TUESDAY MORNING, APRIL 10, 1838.

rj- The Publication of the STAN DA RD commenced this morn

for at 5 o'clock

THE REVENUE.—The official tables of the revenue.
received to the close of the year and quarter which ended
on Thursday night, present a considerable defalcation is
comparison with the public receipts for the correspond.
ing periods of last year. The falling off upon the pre-
sent amounts to £2.332,364 upon the y ear, and of
£492,420, or nearly half a million, upon the quarter.
The decline is observable under almost all the-heads -of
public income, except that of the Postoffice and repay-
ments of public money alone. In the Customs, the dif-
ference between the two financial years is against thee
'present to the amount of £1,251,658, and upon a com-
parison of the quarter, £374,835. The Excise, also..
upon a similar comparison, wilt be found deficient, upon
the year £1,049,557, and upon the quarter of £:28,590.
The returns from the stamp duties prove less productive
by £209,114 upon the year, but have improved upon the
last quarter, and exceed the present receipts by £29,732.
The assessed.taxes have declined by £54,811 upon the
year, and £50,643 upon the quarter. The Postoffice has
improved upon the year and quarter in the sums of ,
£28,743 and £2,000 respectively. There is under the
head of " miscellaneous taxes" a falling off amounting.
to £15,978 lot the year, and of £493 for the quarter.
The excess in the returns from repayments of public
moneys amounts to £220,011, and £30,409 for the re-
eespective piriods. • The sum to be raised by Exchequer
Bills f cr the service of the quarter is calculated a
£5,172,428.

The simpering'Cl)ancellor of the Exchequer will, no
doubt, invent some specious tale to account for the alarm-
ing falling off which has taken place in almost every
branch of the revenue.. It will, perhaps, be attributed
to the languid state of our American trade; but this
can scarcely be deemed a satisfactory' reason, as the de-
ficiency in the Excise department is almost as great as
that in the Customs, whilst the Stamps, Taxes, and
Miscellaneous receipts have likewise experienced a con
siderable decrease,

The Whigs have hitherto been fertile in expedients two
produce a fictitious increase in the cevenpe, by forestal-
ling the receipts of successive quarters. But such
trickery must obviously have an end. We shall be cu-
rious to know in what department Mr. Spring Rice will
make his reduction of taxation for the ensuing year.
We shall also look with some anxiety for the speeches of
cheese paring Hume, on the introduction of the budget.
No doubt the increased expenditure incurred in frustra-
ting the revolutionary friends of Joseph in the Canadas
will form an excuse for the prudent abstinence of that
rigid economist from his pruning operations.

CREATION OF PEERS.—The approaching coronation.
will afford Lord Melbourne an opportunity of exercising-
his patronage iu a manner which will necessarily increase-
to the temporary influence of the ministry. It is expected
that forty or fifty fresh creations will take place in the-
peerage on that occasion. There can be no doubt that
many votes in the House of Commons, and, perhaps,.
some few in the House of Lords, are dependent upon
the realisation of 'the hopes of those who are looking for
the honours whichLord.Melbourne will have to dispense.
Of course, many of these must be disappointed in their -
expectations, and bitter will be the vindictive feelings to
which such disappointment will give rise. It would.
seem that her Majesty, jealous of the honour of here
crown, is extremely cautious lest the premier should too
far extend the privileges with which he is invested.. Her-
Majesty has no partiality for that indiscriminate sort of
elevation to the peerage to which the retainers of the
present ministry look forwards. She is desirous of up-
holding the dignity of the House of Lords, a course to-
which the creation of any considerable number of radical'
peers will by no means contribute. The Queen has no
ambition to convert the House of Lords into a bear.
garden, such as the House of Commons frequently re—
sembles; she will, therefore, place an interdict upon the
importation of any of the Irish papists. into the upper
chamber.

A great number of the rejected eal3dicic(tes at the last..
elections are spoken of as likely to be. raised tip the peer-
age. Among these are enumerated. Mr. 1-,"•aul Methuen.,
the rejected of Wiltshire ; Mr. Ttacey,, the rejected 01.
Bridgenorth; Sir John Wrottesle:„ the rejected of
Staffordshire ; and Mr. '!'vote, tije rejected of BridgeT
water.. Should these rejected suitors be elected to the House of Lards, we stud! bave an instance of whig-.•
radical policy for which tlJe Town Council of;:Liverpool:
have afforded a preced(At. They have made aldermen
of those candidates whom the people have rejected
Why should net Lord Melbourne do the same?, It 1011
be paging a delicate compliment to the public,
Among tile promotions in title we understand that the
Marquis of Westminster and the Marquis of Anglesea
are to be included—both aspiring to the ducal coronet-
Lord Petre, it is rumoured, is to be made Viscount
Derwentvvater—a very suitable title!
The following Irish lords are in expectation. of being:
elevated to the peerage :—Lords Lismore, ossmore;
Keninare, Cranmore, Listowell,
Arran, Rancliffe,
gent, and Langford. Who are all these worthies t
Echo answers " Who ?" The less that is said of many of
them the better. This batch will do little to elevate the
character of the British peerage—they may da much to
degrade it.

Amongst the 'changes likefr, it is said, to be carried
into effect, simultaneously with these wholesale promo-,
lions to the honours of nobility, are the following
O'COnnt-11 is to 'assume the .Mastership of the Rolls in
Ireland, instead of O'Loughlent who is to be spretnot°4

r,?,t).L - ..:10-,. isis:

to 1/4,.etiier josticeship; vice.Bushe, who will retire with
an, Irish pera!z,e. O'Connell will, also receive the title
of Baron iv?ragh ! His son Maurice is spoken of as
likely to ceeed' Drummond as under secretary for Ire-
land! We may, therefore, congratulate our brethren,
the -Irish, protestants, on their comfortable prospects!
Under the paternal care of the arch;azitator and his offi-
cial minions, their lot will be one of uninterrupted peace
and prosperity! What halcyon daysare in store for Ire-
land, :vilien 'the virtuous disciples of 'Peter Dens" are
placed in every office of importance! We really wonder
that. Lord Melbourne does not persuade the Queen to
create O'Mulgiave an Irish Duke, and elevate O'Connell
into the vice-regency. That would be doing the thing
handqomely at. once. Such a step would be sure to ren-
der. Deland tranquil, as far as England is concerned—
that is if the extirpation of the protestants would procure
tranquillity.
But what of Lord Melbourne himself ? We .are in-
formed that he is to be created Marquis of Kent ! Whe-
ther this step will be in anticipation of his marriage with
the Duchess of Kent, we are not, as yet, able to form
any conjecture.

After the Ministry, as we havebefore intimated, will
be placed in the most serious dilemma by the coronation.
They must either find their new peers in the House of
Commons, or they must avoid any creation whatever;
and in either case their. position will be found by no
nienci enviable. If they 'neglect their expectant friends
in the House, and give their preference to others, or re-
fuse to exerciNe the wonted privilege, there %%ill inevita-
blY,be a mutiny- in the camp. If they draft their peers
from House, there will be the fresh elections! Can
they venture to encounter such a chance as the vacation
of forty or Ltv seats at once? We. shall see.