The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-08-07 00:00:00

second issue

account of the vessel which accompanied

The PRESIDENT—the largest steam-vessel in the world—
was built at Limehouse, on the Thames, by, Messrs. Curling
and Young, for the British and American Steam Navigation
Company, who are also proprietors of her sister ship the
British Queen. She was launched on the 9th of December
last; and as her engines were in progress of construction in
this town, (her destined port on this side the Atlantic,) she
was brought round, under canvas, b Captain Keane, now
her second, or " commanding officer,' a gentleman of great
experience. She anchored in the Mersey on the 22d of Fe-
bruary last, after a boisterous passage, during which, though
but "steam-rigged," she showed such excellent sailing qua-
lities, that, to employ a seafaring phrase, " she beat every
thing she came across." Her extraordinary bulk, fine pro-
portions and general appearance, have since rendered her
an object of curiosity and wonder.
The model of the President is universally admitted to
combine all that fineness of bottom which is requisite for
fast sailing, with those bearings and rotundity above which
will enable her to carry a large cargo, independent of her
coals and stores, and render her a safe, dry, and comfortable
sea-boat. She is a medium, indeed, in construction, between
the fast sailing-vessel and the fast steamer, and has already
agreeably dissipated the doubts of some, by proving herself
A 1 of the latter class. She is painted in man-of-war style,
with gun-Worts. and is .

“,.......nusomeiy rigged, as what is termed
a three-masted schooner ; with a formast, fore-topmast, and
top-gallantmast, like that of a ship. Her bow is finely
thrown out, and terminates in a boldly-carved figure, of
almost Colossal dimensions, of the immortal ” Washington,"
the hero of North American Independence. Her stern is
projective, and finely formed to withstand a sea-way. It has
large windows of plate glass, and is ornamented with carved
work, as are the quarter galleries. Over the windows are
the united arms of England and America, quartered in heral-
dic shields, supported by the Lion of the one country, and
the Eagle of the other, and also by emblematic female figures.
The paddle-boxes are comparatively slightly raised above the
bulwarks, and the small portion of the circle which is elevated
being painted white, the sheer is uninterruptedly embraced
by the eye ; and the general appearance of the vessel, when
her side is viewed, particularly now that she is set down in
the water, is that of a first-class frigate of extraordinary
length, under jury or temporarr.masts.
• The following arc the dimensions and Capacity, power of
engines, &c. of the President :

FT IN
Length over all, from taffrail to figure head 273. 0
Bean, within the paddle boxes
Breadth from outside of paddle-boxes..
Depth of hold
30 0
Height between the main and spar deck
Height between lower and main deck (both flush) 7 8
Admeasurement
Capacity for stowage of goods, after }
800 to 900 tons.
receiving her coals, stores, &c. ..

Engines,—two of 270 horse-Power each.. 540 horse-power.
Much pains have been taken, and no expense spared, to
render the President a crack ship. In the quality of the
materials, and in fidelity of workmanship, she is equal to
any of her Majesty's ships of war. In addition to a strong
frame, solid to the bilge, she is diagonally fastened fore and
aft, with iron, copper, and wood, in a manner, which, (as we
stated in a former account), would seem to put at defiance
the rudest assaults of the ocean wave. She is fitted up with
all the modern improvements, in pumps, tanks, and other
appurtenances, Wild not a few of a novel compact and useful
description. She is also divided into water-tight sections,
(as are most of the iron veccel.
.3 . T • IS

constructed ny Mr. Laird),
so that the springing of a leak would be attended with
comparatively little danger, and would be readily overcome.
Her steering-geer is of a novel and much-improved descrip-
tion, combining security with facility to the two helmsmen
generally employed,—one of whom would, in most instances,
be sufficient to guide her immense bulk through the weltering
element.

Independently of her roomy cabins, the President presents
peculiar advantages for what may be called the " out-door"
airing and exercise of passengers. Being frigate built, she
has a spare deck, affording an uninterrupted and level pro-
menade along her whole length above board,—the pedestrian
having but to walk 19 times over the " ground" to accom•
plish a mile ! The main deck below this also presents; in
stormy or rainy weather, a considerable length of sheltered
walk on each side ; shorter than the other, indeed, only by
the length of the quarterdeck and forecastle. We now come
briefly to notice

THE CABINS

THE SALOON.—This room is under the fore part of the
quarter deck, and occupies the full breadth of the ship. It
is nearly square, being 28 ft. in length by 34 ft. athwartships.
The height to the beams, which are rendered ornamental, is
7 feet 8 inches, being the height throughout between the
main deck and the spar deck. This spacious apartment is
finished in the Tudor style of Gothic. There are four doors,
two from the main deck, and two from a wide passage or
corridore leading to the stern. The tops of these entrances
are pointed arches. On each side there are sofa fixtures,
upholstered in embossed crimson velvet. The walls are en-
riched with narrow Gothic panels, of a delicate tint, and the
stiles or mullions are raised in alto, in grained oak, a pointed
floriated arch being formed in bold carved work at the top
of each. The cornice is embattled, and as it projects from
the wall, has a fine effect. The whole of this oak work
strongly resembles in style that in several of our cathedrals
and antique churches. A cheerful light is poured in not
only from the middle •of the deck, but from four win-
dows, as large as port holes—two on each side—each
glazed with a single plate. There are four sideboards, in
recesses, near the corners. An oblong mirror is inserted
behind each of these, giving it a " double" effect. Above
these there are three gothic panels, similar to those in the
room ; and in the middle one in each is inserted a small oil
painting or portrait of an American worthy ;—General Wash-
ington, the present President, and two others. Four tables
are ranged in parallel lines along the floor, with sofa seats.
Here upwards a a hunthedindividuals may sit down to the
festive board. The side windows form thorough lights, and
afford a view of sea or land as the vessel dashes on her
course. Adjoining the saloon, and forming two wings to it,
on each side of the entrances from the main deck, and enter-
ing from them, are the steward's two pantries, replete with
the splendid plate, and glass and earthenware, &c., of the
ship, requisite in the serving up of the good things of this
life to the passengers. A portion of the panel work, like a
secret door, opens from each of these into the saloon, for the
convenience of the waiters.

THE PRINCIPAL. CORRIDOR.—This wide passage or cor-
ridor, extending from the saloon to the stern of the vessel
amidships, and well lighted from the roof as well as by several
large windows in the stern at the further end, is one of the
most interesting parts of the ship. It forms an interior pro-
menade, and on each side are the nrincinal stßte

OLCIAV rooms or
dormitories, two deep between it and the sides of the ship,
and accessible by passages topped by pointed arches diverging
from it at right angles. The style of the corridore corresponds
with that of the saloon ; but it is more highly enriched. It
is divided at each side into five compartments, between each
of which there is a mirror within a gothic panel. These ten
large compartments are filled up with oil paintings, executed
on canvas, in such a manner as to resemble the tine tapestry
of olden times. The whole of the ten pictures are illustra-
tive of the life, early aspirations, adventures, discoveries,
and subsequent misfortunes of Christopher Columbus. The
artist has chosen the most striking passages in the life of the
illustrious and ill-requited navigator :
No. I.—A.D. 1470. Columbus selling maps.
2.—Columbus kindled into enthusiasm in the contemplation
of his voyage.

3.-1482. -Begging bread for himself and child, at the Con-
vent of La Rabida.
4.—His conference with Juan Perez Marcheza, and the
physician Garcia Fernandez, who admire the grandeur of
his views.
5.-1492. His joyful discovery, from the high stern of his
vessel, of the land, on the 11th of October of this year.
He sailed on the 3d of August.
6.—The landing on the 12th of October, 1492, at San Salva-
dor, one of the Bahama Islands. He offered up thanks-
giving, his crew humbling themselves at his feet. The
naked and painted savages regarded them as visiters from
the sky.

—His entry into Barcelona in 1493, on his triumphant re-
turn to Spain.

B.—His condescending reception by Ferdinand and Isabella.
9.—The arrest—after, through evil counsellors, Ferdinand
had him brought back in chains.

- LA,. z zu aL t m
,acnz in cllas.
As an historical reminiscence it may be added, that Colum-
bus was born in 1445-6, at Genoa, and died at Valladolid on
the 20th of May, 1506, in poverty and neglect.
Such are the events in the life of the great discoverer of
the New World which the artist has selected ; and he has exe-
cuted his task with a strict adherence to historical truth.
The vraisemblance of the hero is remarkably well preserved
throughout all his vicissitudei of circumstance, and the cha-
racters who surround him are well and boldly pourtrayed.
The whole give the corridor the appearance of a picture gal-
lery, and the contemplation to which it leads is most appro-
priate in a transatlantic steam-ship.
THE LADIES' RETIRING CABIN.—At .the further end of
the principal corridor there is a large and lofty room on each
side, handsomely papered and carpetted, and lighted from
large windows in the stern. One of these is the retiring
cabin for the ladies. From their height being comparatively
greater than that of the saloon, in proportion to their size,
they resemble rooms on shore, and being close abaft, afford
a quiet and secluded retreat..
THE STATE OR SLEEPING ROOMS.--These are larger,
and consequently more commodious than those generally
found on board of our larger passenger ships; and they are
fitted up with every regard to comfort. Owing to the ne-
cessity even in a large ship of economising room, the usual
plan has been adhered to of having two beds, one over the
other, in each.' We hope yet, however, to see the day when,
though the sleeping rooms may be made- smaller, each pas-
senger will have his or her sanctum sanctorum. As it is, the
President's state rooms are fully equal to any we have seen.
They are moreover altogether apart from the saloon, which is
considered an advantage. The corridor, and small lobbies
leading to them from it, give the whole the appearance of the
upper story of a large add splendid hotel.
THE LOWER CORRIDOR AND SLEEPING ROOMS.—Below
the rooms just noticed there is another, or lower story, corre-
sponding in almost every particular, with the exception of
the paintings, and their having a scantier " supply" of light,
which, however, is admitted sufficiently for practical pur-
poses, even in the berths, from the ship's sides. This cor-
ridor is lighted from oblong openings in the middle of that
above, and which are surrounded by handsome railings. It
extends forward, as do the sleeping rooms on each side,
under the saloon; and that part of it is lighted from immense
thick squares of glass, inserted in the middle of, and level
with, the floor of the saloon, immediately below the deck
light, and which have, from above, the appearance of sheets
of ice. The rooms are as lofty and well furnished as those
above, and those at the sides of the ship have each a side
light which may be opened or closed at pleasure. Those
nearer the centre of the vessel, in both stories, have larger
windows to the respective corridores. There is a most con-
venient and handsome light spiral staircase leading from the
quarter-deck down to the corridores and also to the after
entrances to the saloon.
THE FORE CASK is of considerable size, and well painted.
It is surrounded with sleeping rooms not inferior to those
abaft, and here 40 or 50 passengers may he accommodated.
In the fore part of the vessel there is also a cheerful apart-
ment for servants. In all, from 120 to 130 persons ‘may be
comfortably " lodged and boarded."
FORE DINING-ROOM.—This is a handsome room, erected
on the spar deck, between the paddle-boxes, and is conse-
quently one of the most airy and " commanding" apartments
in the ship, as regards the view. It is about 22 feet long
and 13 in width. Continuous with it, in front, is the ste-
ward's room, from the centre of which rises the funnel, and
further forward, of a half oval figure, is the smoking room,
in which those may disport who delight to inhale the fumes
of " the fragrant weed.
ERECTIONS ON THE MAIN DECK.—On this deck, in the
middle, Passing from the saloon forwards, are two commodious
rooms (a sitting and sleeping room) for the head engineer,
and adjoining these, similar accommodations for the first
officer, furnished with desks, &c. Further forward there are!
three distinct galleys, or cooking houses, one for each cabin
and one for the crew. These are provided with'. cabouses,
or coppers, of the most approved construction. There are
also separate establishments for the butcher, the baker, and

the pastry cook. On each side of this deck, forward, .ther(
are the captain's private room, of a good size, and opposite
to it a similar one for the second and third officers. Further
aft are rooms for the providore, the engineers, and others
connected with the ship. Under the forecastle, on this deck
too, are two large rooms, reaching to the bow, for the sea-
men, fitted up in an ingenious and excellent manner, to in-
sure air, cleanliness, and comfort. Every man has his sleep-

ing berth and his drawers and locker, -
below for his clothes, so that the lumber of sea c4,.
together avoided. The officers are as proud of these rooms
as of any in the ship.
There are a number of other conveniencie‘ icludi•
lars, store-rooms, luggage_rooms, baths ich
superfluous to particularise. Suffice it to sa, _ 'er
contrived to render complete the huge holder wnich v
have endeavoured to describe.

Including
which it were

THE ENGINES.—To scientific individuals, the stupendous
engines of the President, the largest ever yet made, and their
working, while at sea, with a ceaseless power which may be
considered sublime, are objects of interest, and induce fre-
quent visits to the engine-room. The frame-work of these
gigantic machines is in the Gothic style ; the castings are all
beautiful and ornamental; and the polished iron and brass
admirably finished, like a piece of fine clock-work. They
were built by our celebrated townsmen, Messrs. Fawcett,
Preston and Co. The following are some statistical
.parti-
culars

Diameter of cylinders
Stroke
Weight of cylinders

80 inches

7 ft. 6 in
11 tons.

11 t. cwt

30 tons

Gothic pillars, 4 pairs, each
Boilers, each
Bed plates (two) each in one casting.
The whole engines and boilers, with the water, weigh about
510 tons.

TILE RECENT TRIAL TRIP.—A. gratifying proof of the
admirable sea-going qualities of the President was afforded
by her recent trial trip to Cork and Dublin, and back to this
port. A party of about fifty gentlemen was on board, and
all were highly delighted with the accommolations, and
the easy motion of the ship, as well as her extraordinary
speed under the disadvantages of new, and, consequently,
stiff engines, and a generally heavy sea-way and head wind.
Had there been three times the number of passengers on
board, all would have found "ample scope and verge enough,"
in her saloons and on her spacious decks. It was, indeed.
quite a treat to tread the spar-deck as she bounded along the
rocky and romantic shores of Ireland, or when out of sight
of land, overhauled and rapidly passed even smart sailing-
ships, that had not the advantage of that " iron-pent poten-
tate—steam."

The following is a statement of the rate of going

Average No. of
Miles. Hours. knots per hour,
about

From Liverpool to Cork,
by a devious course, to 300 33
give the shoils and a
clear birth, about ....
From Cork to Dublin,
170 18
(outside)
From Dublin to L'pool,
124 9h. 52m. 12 4-7ths
by the Vic. Channel..

9. I.llth

9 4-9ths

Total 594 60h. 52m.
Or about an average throughout of 91 nautical miles an hour.
On one occasion only (in coming from Dublin) was any sail set,
but the wind was so light, and her speed at the time so great
—l3l knots—tbat it was found on dewing all up, that she
had gained only half a knot an hour by her canvass, as she
still made good. 13 knots. After passing Holyhead, on her
homeward voyage, she frequently ran 131 and 14 knots, and
when near the Formby Light-ship she accomplished 15 knots
by the line ! It is, however, to be remarked, that the ship
was comparatively light at the time,—though, from her fine
bearings and breadth aloft, we do not expect she will ever be
what is termed very " deep in the water."
The after cabins and saloon were designed and executed by
Mr. W. Simpson, of the Strand, London ; the fore cabin by
Messrs. Humble and Milcrest, in the joiner work, and the
painting of this and the other parts of the vessel by Mr.
White, both of our own town.

The following are the names of the present officers :
Lieut. R. J. Fayrer, R.N., Commander, formerly of the
Liverpool" steam-ship.
Mr. Kean, First Officer.
Mr. Duncan, Second Officer.
Mr. Little, Third Officer.

The principal engineer is Mr. William Griffith, and there
are six engineers, and twenty firemen. A director—Mr.
Read, from Messrs. Fawcett and Co.'s—is also on board.
She carries three mates, a boatswain. five or six cooks,
and about thirty-five men before the mast.
We may in conclusion quote as appropriate a few words
from the account we furnished of her trial trip :—The Presi-
dent is a ship of immense length and immense tonnage. It
could not be doubted that she would afford sufficient space
for the exercise of those on board ; but some doubt had arisen
even in the minds of practical men whether she would not
prove unwieldy, and difficult to work at sea, or even in smooth
water. These doubts must be entirely dissipated by the first
performance of this noble vessel, She is steered with the
comparative ease of a yacht, even in a heavy sea-way, and
may be worked through narrow and intricate channels with
equal ease. A more easy or finer sea-boat it is impossible to
conceive. There is no labouring, no pitching and rolling to
an extens to cause uneasiness. All is steady, dry, and com-
fortable ; and in point of space, convenience, and ventilation,
she cannot, we think, be surpassed.

WORTHY TO BE IMITATED.—There are now being built in
Liverpool six churches, viz., (by the Building Society,) St.
Barnabas's, Greenland-street ; one in Naylor-street, not
named ; St. Clement's, Windsor ; St. Silas, Pembroke-
place, by Mr. M`Neile's congregation; St. Saviour's, Par-
liament street, by subscription ; and one large one, to cost
about £6OOO, in Warwick-street, by John Gladstone, Esq.
In addition to which, there is one at Woodside and one at
Crosby, and the Earl of Derby is about to build one at
Knowsley. And yet much, very much, must be done before
the whole of our population can be accommodated.

BONDED CORN.—The " select committee on bonded corn"
has broken down in its labours. The report, which; with the
minutes of evidence, is just published, is as follows :—" Re-
port—The select committee appointed to inquire under what
restrictions it might be expedient to permit flour to be manu-
factured in bond, and who were empowered to report the
minutes of evidence taken before them to the house, having
.been stopped in their investigation by an objection in point
of form, taken by some members of the committee to the na-
ture of the evidence which was offered to it, and the lateness
of the session not permitting a reference to the house, for the
purpose of varying the terms of the reference, the committee
have only to report the evidence taken before them to the
house."—Times.

We have authority for stating, that Felix Mendelssohn
Bartholdy will soon visit this country to prepare for the per-
formance of a grand piece of music, of his own composition,
at our Musical Festival in September, which he will attend
in person and conduct ; it is called in Germany " Lob
gesang," or " Hymn of Praise," and was performed with
great effect in June last before an immense meeting of the
principal musical amateurs of the north of Germany, assem-
bled at Leipsic. The composition opens with an instrumen-
tal symphony of three movements, which leads to a grand
chorus, and is succeeded by twelve other vocal pieces, solos,
and choruses. A rehearsal of this music will take place in
the metropolis, when this deservedly eminent composer ar-
rives, nearly the whole of the band being London performers.
It will, we are sure, be extremely gratifying to all who are
musical to know that Mendelssohn will give at our meeting a
concerto on the grand piano-forte, and will exercise the
powers with which he is highly gifted on our noble organ.--
Midland Counties Herald.

LANGUAGES.—By the perusal of a treatise on a new
system of teaching languages, by Signor Zandotti, entitled—
" Developement of the Natural Principleri of Teaching
Languages," we have been so convinced of its utility, as to
feel great pleasure in inserting here a paragraph, which
appeared in the Dublin papers at the time of its publication :
" We have just seen an essay on teaching languages according
to a new plan by Signor Zandotti. We confess that we
were peculiarly struck by the novel way in which he treats
the subject. It has been hitherto supposed that the best
mode of acquiring a foreign language was, after studying the
principles, to apply diligently to the translation of the best
authors in the language sought to be acquired. Signor
Zandotti has clearly demonstrated that the contrary practice
is what should be adopted. By translating into our own
language, we simply give a translation of the words, and
most frequently, if not always, fail in rendering the real
sense of the author. After much time and trouble, we dis-
cover that we have been only learning to translate a
language into our own idiom, but remain almost absolutely
ignorant of the idiom of that which we desire to attain.
Signor Zandotti:s plan consists in causing his pupils to
translate, with his assistance, their maternal tongue into the
language sought to be acquired ; having first grounded them
in the fundamental principles of grammar. By this means a
solidimprovement is made, for they learn the forms of
speech in the foreign language, which is the obj
and which never can be acquired by a contrary practice.
The essay is written with much clearness, and is published
in a cheap and modest form." To attempt any additional
eulogium beyond the flattering testimony here expressed,
would be superfluous,—since the merit ot the system and the
advantages derivable from it, have already developed them-
selves through a course of practice in this as well as in that
city of whose university Signor Zandotti was Italian pro-
fessor. Since that period it has been adopted by the most
eminent professors in England and on the continent. Signor
Zandotti is the author of some very useful grammatical
works, which have already obtained distinguished patronage
in London, Dublin, and elsewhere, and lie has a purity of
pronounciation which none but Romans possess., The ex-
pression of—" Lingua toscana in bocca rornani is too well
known to require comment;—and we congratulate those who
wish to acquire a pronuhciation of Italian, with a perfect
knowledge of its grammatical construction, on having
amongst us a professor who possesses these very desirable
qualifications.—See Advt.

lect in view,

HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCI
We regret to hear no improvement has to
royal highness's health. For several days
has reported her royal highness to have be(
iavourably, but on our reporters making
is
the subjoined bulletin of the physicians w
—" The Princess Augusta has not passed a b
her royal highness is much the seine as yesterdm
certainly less favourable. Their Royal High
of Cambridge, Duchess of Gloucester, ani the other mem-
bers of the royal family daily visit her royal highness; and
her Majesty and Prince Albert have throughout her royal
highness's illness sent a royal messenger to make inquiries
after the health of the princess.—Morning Herald of Wed-
nesday.

A.UGUSTA.—
place in her
the bulletin

19trtes yesterday

Which i

nesses the Duke

THE WEATHER AND THE CROPS.—Summer has come at
last. For several days the weather has been all that heart
could desire, and its effects are visible in every grain market
in the kingdom. In the south, harvest has commenced, and
the crops are said to be average ones. Barley especially

promise remarkably viell ; indeed some of our south
,cc

contemporaries assure us, , that grain has not borne a better
appearance for the last seven years. The late rain does not
seem, from all we can learn, to have damaged the crops,
though it has unquestionably retarded the harvest.--Black-
burn Standard.

EXTRAORDINARY VERDICT.—An inqui
Mr. Caines, last week, at Tatworth, on ti

named Taylor, aged 12 years, who me

The boy was one e

following manner
with several other boys of the village at play, when three or
four drunken men passed them, staggering and reeling.
Taylor and the other boys followed and mimicked them,
which so enraged one of the men (John Field), that he turned
about and caught Taylor, whom he kicked and beat most
severely. The boy was taken home, and continued seriously
ill three or four days, when he died. The jury returned a
verdict—" died by the visitation of God!" -Bristol Journal
PENNY-A-LisEns.—There is a well.!
a humble class of men, who live by their
not at the quality of their work, but the rate of its re,.—
tion, twits them as penny-a-liners ? Can the world be aware
of the range of the shaft ? What, pray, was glorious John.
Milton, upon whom rested an after glow of the holy inspira-
tion of the sacred writers, like twilight bequeathed by a mid-
summer sun ? Why he was, as you may reckon anytime in
his divine " Paradise Lost," not even a ha'penny
-a-liner !
We have no proof that Shakspeare, the high priest of huma-
nity, was even a farthing-a-liner, and we know that Homer
not only sold his lines " gratis for nothing," but gave credit
to all eternity l—T. Hood.
As a son of Mr. Reeves, farmer at Bradbourii,
oaks, was priming his gun last week, having been keep-
ing the rooks off his father's pea field, it unfortunately went
off, and the whole of the charge entered the
thigh ofex
expected
his father's workmen. who, we regret to say, is not
tb rtebtitr.—Suestw Advtrtister.

Seven-

This number contains a large portion of extra matter, ex-
tending to twenty additional pages, and chiefly consisting of
the interesting debate in the House of Lords on the Ecclesi-
astical Revenues Bill. The other contents of the number
will be found very attractive. We have been greatly pleased
with the remarks on " The Creed of St. Athanasius." They
are truly sound and orthodox. " The Ministry of Angels"
is a delightful paper, full of consolation to the faithful be-
liever.. The essay on " The Authorised Version of the Bi-
ble" is valuable in many respect. " A Tale of the Wal-
denses," and " Sketches of Continental Literature," are
also calculated to edify and instruct. The letter on " The
Pretensions of the Church of Rome" ought to be extensively
circulated. We recommend its republication in the shape
of a tract.

The Village Churchman. August. London :W. E. Painter.
The original papers in this excellent little magazine, as
well as the selected matter, will be found of eminent service,
especially to the humbler members of the Church of Eng-
land, for whose instruction and edification it is chiefly in-
tended. The " Memoir of Sarah Berry" is an affecting
narrative, full of useful lessons. " The First Words of my
Child" are both simple and beautiful. " The Village
Churchman's Meditations" powerfully illustrate the advan-
tages of an established liturgy. The account of the " Pas-
toral Aid Society" is very interesting. The miscellaneous

contents of the present number are peculiarly attractive

The Protestant Sentinel. No. 2. Liverpool : Perris,
Newling, Tollit, Taylor, and Davies ; London : F. Bais-
ler.

We are extremely glad to find that this excellent periodi-
cal is obtaining an extensive circulation. It is calculated to
render much service to the Protestant cause. The contents
of the number before us are particularly interesting, espe-
cially the articles on " Popery as it is"—" A Conscientious
Dissenter"—and " Roman Catholic Contrasts."

Observations. on the Fourth Chapter of Revelations, being the
Epistle for Trinity Sunday. By a Clergyman. Liver-
pool : Henry Perris ; London : J. Hatchard and Son.
This excellent tract, apparently the first of a series, has
been published with the view of subserving a truly benevolent
purpose. The profits are to be appropriated to assist the
Scripture Readers' Fund for All Saints' Church, in this town.
It contains a full development of the fundamental doctrine
of the Trinity, as deduced from a comparison of the Vision
of St. John, the Cherubim of Moses, and the Cherubim of
Ezekiel. The language is clear and intelligible throughout,
while the arguments are relevant and conclusive. This little
work ought to be extensively circulated.

The Traveller's Handbook on the Rhine. London : Leigh and

Co., 421, Strand

This little work is a decidedly useful vade-mecum to the
traveller on the " noble Rhine." The panoramic' map, by
which. it is illustrated, shows the course of that river, from
the sea to Schaffhausen. The letterpress gives a full and
minute description of the towns, villages, antiquities, and
other objects of curiosity on each bank. The value of this
excellent compendium is considerably enhanced by the full
particulars which it gives of the various modes of convey-
ance, the methods of obtaining passports, the tabular views
of the money exchanges, and the copious information which
it furnishes respecting the most eligible routes for travelling
in Holland, Belgium, and Prussia. Such a work is almost
indispensable to all who have the means, the leisure, and the
inclination to indulge in such an interesting tour.

Wilson's Historical, Traditionary, and Imayinative Tales
of the Borders, and of Scotland. No. 74. Edinburgh :
J. Sutherland, 12, Calton-street.

We are always glad to open this amusing and interesting
series of tales. Their interest is extremely well sustained.
We need not therefore wonder that their circulation should
be on the increase. There are few works, intended for
popular perusal, which are more eminently deserving of sup-
port. The number before us contains some capital tales,
among which we would particularly mention " Julia Ed-
wards ; or, the last of her Race"—" The Heir of Inshan-
nock"—and " Sir William Wallace."

The Irish Penny Journal. Part 1. August, 1840. Dublin
Gunn and Cameron ; Liverpool : J. Davies and Co.

We - are glad to perceive that this admirable periodical is
likely to win its way into popular favour. Ireland has long
wanted such a publication. The literary talent employed
upon the Irish Penny Journal is of the highest order.
Among its principal contributors we find George Petrie, Mrs,
S. C. Hall, Martin Doyle, and a host of other worthies. The
contents of the first part are rich and varied. The illustra-
tions are also excellent.

The Citizen; a Monthly Journal of Politics, Literature,
and Art. August, 1840. Dublin : J. P. Doyle.

This is the first number which we have received of this
periodical. It is conducted on liberal principles, but without
that asperity of tone which characterises publications of the
same class generally. It contains several articles of great
merit

Among the more conspicuous of these we would
enumerate " Sylla—a Tragedy," by Banim, the " Memoir
of the late Gerald Griffin," and the " Chapters from the
Autobiography of a late Militia 11Ian." We do not agree
with the opinions propounded in the article on " Capital
Punishment." Still less do we accord with the political dis-
quisitions which appear in the pages of the Citizen.

Charles O'Malley, or the Irish Dragoon. Part 5. Dub-
lin : W. Curry, jun., and Co.

This part actually overflows with humour of the richest
and most piquant character. " The Adjutant's After-dinner
Ride" is extravagantly ludicrous. The scenes at Major
Dalrymple's are also highly laughable. We look forward
with much anxiety for the foreign adventures of the Irish
Dragoon. We have no doubt that they will prove as mirth-
provoking as those of Harry Lorrequer.

Master Wumphrey's Clock. By " Boz." Part 4. London
Chapman and Hall ; LiVerpool : Wareing Webb.

This part possesses an extraordinary degree of interest.
It consists almost altogether of one succinct narrative. The
encounter between Quilp and Dick Swiveller is highly laugh-
able. We only wish that Master Richard had " laid it on a
little harder." The interview between Mr. Garland and Mr.
Witherden is exquisitely rich. The perigrinations of Nell
and her grandfather, and the strange specimens of low life to
which they are introduced, cannot fail to interest the reader.
It is scarcely necessary to add that the illustrations in
Master Humphrey's Clock are of the first-rate character.

History of Napoleon. Part 18. London : Tyas, Pater-

noster-row

It is difficult to pronounce a definitive opinion on the me-
rits of a serial publication from the perusal of a single or
even of an occasional part. This remark applies to the
work before us, as well as to several others of which we have
received odd numbers this month. The plates in this work,
which are both numerous and exquisitely finished, are alone
worth the price charged for each part. The text is also well
printed, ar,d highly interesting in its character.

The Illustrated Shakspere

Part 16. London : R. Tyas,

8, Paternoster-row

This part contains the greater portion of Cymbetine—in
our opinion, one of the best of Shakspere's plays. The
illustrative engravings are highly beautiful and characteristic.
The artists appear to have caught the very spirit of the play.
No one, who has any pretensions to literary taste, or who
professes to be fond of the fine arts, should rest satisfied
without possessing this truly splendid and unique edition of
Shakspere. When suitably bound, it will prove an ornament
to any library.

Heads of the People. New Series. No. 8. London

R. Tyas

This new series of Heads of the People contains some
capital portraits of the English of various classes. In the
present number there is an amusing sketch of " The Coach-
man and the Guard," by Nimrod, and another of " The
Policeman," by Paul Prendergast. The engravings are in
the best style of Orrin Smith. We regret that we have only
received one number of this serial. We feel assured, from
a perusal of the part before us, that this work must become
exceedingly popular.

The truth is, that the tendency of the corn laws is
to protect the labourer, and to enhance the value of his
toil. Excessive competition is, avowedly, the imme-
diate cause' of an increase in the hours of labour ; but
the tendency of the corn laws is to lessen competition
throughout the whole range of labourers subjected to
their operation. The corn laws give to the British la-
bourer nearly a " monopoly" (to use the free-trade
phrase) of the business of growing food for the popu-
lation of Britain. The corn laws, therefore, necessarily
sustain the market value of the labour of all the classes
engaged, directly or indirectly, in the cultivation of the
British soil. When the free-traders rail at " monopoly,"
they never deny that " monopoly" may be a very good
thing. They only allege that " monopoly" is a bad
thing for all but those who enjoy it. In the case of
the corn laws, however, if " monopoly" there be, it is
a " monopoly" enjoyed by the whole body of the cul-
tivators of the British soil against the idle portion of
the consumers of that soil's produce.
The real causes of the misery which affect nearly all
classes of our manufacturing labourers are to be looked
for exclusively in our manufacturing system. That
system is false and cruel in its innermost nature. It
is a system which has " cheap production" for its great
end ; and under the influence of a system of " cheap
production," the labourer himself must, in the nature
of things, speedily become the " cheapest" of all mar-
ketable commodities. The corn laws, on the other
hand, in so far as they act upon the nature of labour,
are eminently protective. The " dearness" which the
corn laws cause is " dearness" felt only by annuitants,
and the moneyed classes. It is a "dearness" which
nourishes and sustains all classes engaged in the busi-
ness of production.
To Lord Ashley, we repeat, is the public deeply in-
debted for his labours now and on so many former
occasions; nor may the praise be justly withheld from
government of not having resisted Lord Ashley's im-
portant motion.