The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-08-13 00:00:00

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE

OXFORD, AUG. 7.—The Lord Bishop of Salisbury lit
collated the Rev. W. E. Hony, of Exeter College, to the
honorary prebend or canonry of Criinsten and Yetmiuster,
anciently founded in the Cathedral of Sarum.

James Wentworth Boller; Esq., having presented the Rev.
J. B. Kitson, late of Exeter College, to the vicarage of
Pelynt, Cornwall, he has been instituted to that living by
the lord bishop of the diocese.
The Lord Bishop of London has licensed the Rev. Joint
Pendrill, of St. John's College, to the British chaplaincy at
Ghent, Flanders.

The Lord Bishop of Worcester has presented the Rev.
Charles J. Penny, of Queen's College, to the perpetual
curacy of Bobbeuhall, Warwickshire.
The Lord Bishop of St. Asaph has presented the Rev.
John Hughes to the rectory of Nannerch,

The Queen has sent a donation of 0100 to the City of
London General Pension Society.

Accounts from Poland state that the harvest is superb.
Another ghost story has been got up in Cambridge.
It is stated that Sir George Cockburne goes to the Medi-
terranean in command of our fleet in that sea.

O'Connell has entered his youngest grandson, only fenr
days old, a member of the Repeal Association.
Gloucester Musical Festival takes place on the 7th, Bth,
9th, and 10th of September. The choruses will exceed 300
performers.

Twelve convicts have obtained their liberty this week from
the Warrior convict ship, Woolwich, in commemoration of
the visit of the Queen to witness the launch of the Trafalgar.

The total population of Turkey is 23,000,000, of whom.
16,000,000 are Mussulmans, and 7,000,000 Christians or
Jews.

The competition among the Margate steamers which ena-
bled the Londoners to reach that favourite watering place
fur one third the usual fares, has lately ceased.

According to the most recent naval intelligence, the Minto
people are apparently not yet provided for. We find that
Captain George Elliot, a nephew of the first lord of the admi-
ralty, is shortly to be appointed to the command of the
North Star, 28, " ordered to be commissioned."
During the deluge of rain in the storm on Tuesday night
last there was a slight mixture of snow ; it did not, however,
lie on the ground, but melted as it fell. To have snow in
August is indeed unusual in Lincoln.—Lincoln Gazette.

The following extraordinary inducement was held out by a
solicitor, who advertised last week in a morning paper, for an
office-clerk : " A small salary will be given, but he will have
enough of over-work to make up for the deficiency."

What is the Instrument with which every tooth in your
head may be drawn, not only without pain, but without per-
ception of the operation, provided you open your mouth, and
keep your eyes shut? A black lead pencil.
Sheridan pacified a quarrelsome fellow une evening by ob-
serving, " I should not like to go up in a balloon with you,
for fear of ourfalling out."
Why is a fresh-plucked carnation like a certain cold with
which children are affected ? Because it's a new pink of
(an hooping-cough).

A public meeting was held in London on the subject of the
election outrages in Ireland, when it was unanimously re-
solved to petition the House of Commons to appoint a com-
mittee of enquiry.

The Regent's Park will be thrown open to the public on
Sunday, the I.sth instant.
The King of Prussia has just issued a Cabinet order di-
recting that, in future, any foreigner wishing to uteri. a
Prussian subject, within the territories of Prussia, must pro-
duce a certificate of the local authorities at home, attesting
that by the laws of such country, the marriage can be con-
tracted, and will be deemed valid there.

A bill drawn by Captain Elliot on the Lords of the Trea.
sury for a sum exceeding £5,000 sterling has lately been the
cause of litigation at Bombay : the bill was sent to England,
and, on payment being refused, was returned to India!

• 1
an action ofd trover was instituted by the party who shipped
the opium against the Bombay agents of the firm in Chins to
which it was consigned : a verdict was found for the plaintiff
to the amount of the bill.

ROYAL BIRTHDAYS.—The present month is fruitful in
the anniversaries of illustrious persons closely allied to the
British Crown. Friday next is the birthday of her Majesty
the Queen Dowager. The Tuesday following (17th instant)
is the anniversary of the birth of her loyal Highness the
Duchess of Kent, mother of our most gracious Queen; and
the 26th is that of Prince Albert.

DEATHS FROM DRUNKENNESS.—A few days ago two
men, the one named Thomas Beadle, bricklayer's labourer,
the other named John Bailey, a sweep, went into Mr.
Lodge's, at York, where they drank six pints of rum, nearly
neat. Beadle fell senseless in the house; but Bailey was
enabled to lease the house, and until he reached the air ap-
peared quite steady. The unfortunate men did not, however,
long survive.

As usual at this period of the year, numerous bodies of
Irish peasants have arrived in this neighbourhood, to assist
in the labours of the harvest. Owing, however, to the very
backward state of the crops, and the smallness of them, very
few of these men can find employment, and there are now,
we regret to say, above sixty of them in our union workhouse.
—Cambridge Advertiser.

For weeks past, during the gloomy weather, many persons
have complained of difficulty in their respiration, and of
being otherwise affected. Medical men of experience at•
tribute the cause to the want of a due portion of oxygen gas
in the atmosphere, and the air not being properly rarifiod.
occasioned by the absence of sunshine for many days.

BLACK DOINGS IN THE UNITED STATES.-The Senate of
Georgia has been recommended by its committee of internal
improvement, to raise money by an annual tax of one dollar
per head on all slaves between the ages of 10 and 65 years,
and ten dollars per head on all free persons of colour residing
within the state.—Anti-Slavery Reporter.
It is not to be denied that serious grounds of uneasiness
are afforded by the state of the weather, if its general unpro-
pitious prevalence through the country at large may be as-
sumed from the experience of what is witnessed here. It
may. however, be stated, that, even within the range of 40
or 50 miles, the rains have by no means been equally heavy
or uniform, for in some places a succession of days of fair
and even sunny weather, has prevailed, whilst this metro-
polis has been deluged with showers.—Morning Herald.

MIGRATIONS or BIRDS.—The business of incubation
being now over with most birds, the migrations again com-
mence. The Sanderling, the Mountain Finch, the Siskin,
the Grey Gull, the Blue Gull, the Crossbeak, the Godwit,
the Bar-tailed Godwit, the Cambridge Godwit, the Purple
Sandpiper and the Purre, usually visit us during the early
part and middle of the present month ; And the Grey Plover
and the Knot arrive towards the latter end. The following
generally take their departure in the course of August :—the
Razor-bill, the Field Titlark, the Dottrel, the Turtle Dove,
the Quail, the Cuckoo, the Swift, the Bunting, the Puffin,
the Red-legged Sinew, the Foolish Guillemot, the Lapwing,
and the Wryneck.

A. miser, who possessed a fortune of more than a thousand
franks, but who did not expend more than six ereutzers
day for the milk and bread which formed his only food,
lately committed suicide at Neufchatel, in Switzerland, by
shooting himself with a pistol, which he had purchased the
day before, after bargaining for a long time in order to obtain
a diminution of price on the weapon.
ACTING THE AGREEABLE.—An Englishman seldom late
himself out to act the agreeable to women—a Frenclimaa
never omits an opportunity of so doing: hence, the atten-
tions of the latter are less gratifying than those of the former,

because a woman, however free from vanity, may suPPoge,
that when an Englishman takes the trouble—and it is evi—
dently a trouble, more or less, to all islanders to enact the
agreeable—she has really inspired him with a desire to

please.—Lady Blessington's Idler in France.
Taz WAY TO TERRIFY.—Prince Belloselsky possessed to
an eminent degree the talent of telling a gbost-story. At
a large party, one evening, the ladies drew their chairs
around him, and exclaimed, Do, Prince, terrify us a little."
Upon this, the prince ordered the lights to be extinguished,
with the exception of one, which was left burning in an adjoin-
ing apartment, the door of which remained ajar. The narrator
'commenced his tale, which turned, as might he expected, upon
the apparition of a horrid phantom, advancing slowly, in the
midst of darkness visible, ten•ards a person in bed. Por the

last ten minutes the prince had kept his hand exteaded on
a marble table ; his voice assumed a sepulchral tone. All at

once, be applied his icy hand upon the bare arm of his hostess,
who uttered a piercing scream. The terrified auditors rushed
into the other room, and, in their confusion, extinguished
the solitary light. The sudden darkness redoubled their.
panic. At last the servants made their appearance with
flambeaux ; and the prince, who began to be alarmed at the
success of his experiment, succeeded with some difficulty in
calming the apprehensions of his fair audience. "Lathes,"
said he, " 'tis all your own fault; you requested me to terrify
you a little, and I like to make myself agreeable."
THE ELECTRO-MAGNETIC PRINTING TELEGRAPTI.—A
remarkable
_curious instrument, bearing the name of the

" Electro-Magnetic Printing Telegraph,' was yesterday ex-
hibited, for the first time, in one of the lecture rooms of the
Polytechnic Institution. The object of this invention is to
convey information from one place to another by means of
the electrical current, in such a way, that words or sentences
transmitted from one locality are instantaneously printed in

another, however distant; and this, too, without the agency
of any person in the place to which the correspondence is to
be forwarded. The means by which this extraordinary effect
is produced are simple enough. Three wires for the passago
of the electric fluid are first laid between any two given
places. To one end of these wires is attached a dial-plate
with one revolving hand, which is kept in motien by a
spring. A peg stops the hand when required ; and the fate
of the dial-plate contains the letters of the alphabet separately
arranged in a circle, each letter haying a small hole in the
plate, immediately underneath it, into which the peg is
placed, when the revolution of the hand is to be arrested.

To the other end of the wires is affixed a small frame-work.
and into it are introduced a cylinder, round which the paper
to be printed on is placed ; also, a wheel, having the letters
of the alphabet arranged regularly on its edge, and a small
inking roller. All these revolve horizontally and simul-
taneously, the wheel with the letters being placed between
the ink roller and the cylinder for paper. Motion is com-
municated to these parts by a pair of electro-magnets at-.
tached to them and communicating with the wires. Thus,
if the word " the" is to be printed, the hand on the dial-
plate is allowed to revolve until it reaches the letter t, be-
yond which it is prevented from passing by the peg. When
stopped, the printer places his finger on a !piing attached to
the plate, which allows a current cf electricity to pass to the
wheel with the letters, which immediately presses the letter
t against the paper, it having previously been inked by the
roller, and then retires. The other letters are arranged in
the same way until the word is complete. A peculiar part of
the mechanism, and that which can hardly be explained
withtfut a diagram, relates to the passage of the galvanic cur•
rent from the dial-plate to the wheel with the letters on it, in
order to produce corresponding motion in both, so that the
letter indicated by the dial-plate shall be printed by the
other. This, however, is effected by a simple arrangement
on the face of the dial-plate, which makes and breaks the
current exactly in the way required. The inventor of this
extraordinary machine is Mr. Alexander Bain, the chrono-
meter maker ; and it appears to us that its introduction for
telagraphic or other similar purposes might be attended with
great success. The length of wires laid on at the Poly-
technic Institution is not more than a mile ; but were it the
distance of a hundred or a thousand, the instantaneous
effect would he the same. There are some minor particu-
lars which require occular inspection in order to be tully un-
derstood ; but these will easily be arrived at by attending the
lectures at the institution.

STEAM-BOAT FARES.—The trivial amount of expense at
which persons can travel by steam is now almost incredible,
and must be felt as a great boon. A traveller from hence
may reach London, via Hull, -so far as fa
res is concerned Of
content with the steerage), for 10s. 6d. sgown, by steam
to Stirling, and thenee by coach for3s. To Stirling is. The
opposition on this passage has bad the effect of reducing the
activity on the part of those compe-
titors—far to a very low rate, and, as a matter of course, it has
, can be reached for
caused a corresponding
.1 ref (treble
example, during last week the Benledi sail7e,d,
autpld..
sireilar to
wards of 1,200 miles to and from Newhaven, Stirling,
places is 21,5a.r;goat.id TwleiehlatidrgeeasoofnAtlolainle,lvieiaveAthllaota
this
is
the ,
route ; the distance from Alloa to the bridge beims
that from Stirling, and the coach fare from bothmh
ex-
actly the same. The fare to Dundee is 2s.
Perth ls. 6d. more. Largo and Leven 1 Cid ; th'euee t'
?„:le.onldi.-icarkbailnd yfalr
es .s .
____Ni,E' edihn ab Nu- ergo:6l only
suf
rotAt
erws. h the i
St e and re. , .
pr
.
- .

From inspiratio

Fresh lessons

That faith, hop,

.s we need, and line on line,
, love, our new and heav'nly law

May on us, as a jeweled breastplate, shine

Thus children's children shall repeat thy name ;
Prolong the pray'r and praise we fondly taught ;
Till the round world shall blaze with Jesu's tame,
Worship no god, no lord, but Him whose blood has bought

SKETCHES OF THE RIVER SHANNON,
BY A STRANGER IN IRELAND.

FOR THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.)

[ERRATUM IN SKETCH Tl.—ln the hurry of writing my
last sketch, I find I have given credit to " the Irish town,"
LiMerick, for some handsome structures and streets, for
which read, " the New town," or Newtown Pery. There
are also several typographic mistakes in the course of the
narrative, but being obvious ,they are of less importance. W.]
No. 111.

Limerick contint
Castle Ti•oy—

after visiting
structure, wit

the Cork r

closing a central

stationed

ateljt surmot

.
number of larg
The armoury is

rnterestinq objects in the vicinity—

r-1-6u.rig-o-Guinel, 4•c

oliced, the strange

m, afine limestone

. _
, neat building, en-
exercise of the brigade there
lumns of the entrance-gate are appropri-
by huge cannon balls, and there are a

neces of ordnance in the sheds withir
d. to contain 5000 stand of arms.

There are several reading-rooms and literary institutions
worthy of attention. The " Club House" in George's-street
is a decorative building, and numbers amongst its members
the mass of the wealthy and respectable inhabitants of the
province, as well as others in various parts of the empire.
The " Institution" in the same street has spacious reading
and news rooms, and a large and valuable library. The
Chamber of Commerce reading-room, attached to the Com-
mercial Buildings, has also a splendid library, and is well
supplied with newspapers and periodicals. There is also a
well-conducted Mechanics Institution.
The principal establishments for the accommodation of
travellers are large and commodious. Mr. Cruse's Royal
Mail Coach Hotel, George's-street, to which I was intro-
duced, is a splendid house, combining elegance and comfort
with the utmost civility and attention. The coaching and
earring departmesit, attached to -and from Dublin, Cork,
Waterford, Killarney, &c. &c., is extensive, and the rapid
succession of arrivals and departures presents an almost
continued scene of bustle and animation.
Arthur Quay and Honan's Quay, near the bottom of the
same fine street, form the landward boundaries of a tidal
dock for small craft, of a triangular form, which it is pur-
posed to wall in from the river as a floating dock. The
entrance to this intended dock is already built—the vessels
to pass and repass the Limerick end of Wellesley Bridge by
a large swivel arch of cast iron, which is additional to the
five noble arches of stone. The dock is now almost ex-
city' ' ' --f-hoats that supply the city with

_ ,unsiderable rnuaquitoe fleet.
without deck, except over a small
to form a place of shelter for the hardy
They appear to be generally
arthen, or upwards—have great beam,
generally sail fast. They ply with
-arts of the river below the town,
miles. Their frequent appear-
of the Shannon. The boat-
-ight above the gunwale,
n their homeward way, turf
•cr the top weight—the turf,
-*r on the lee side when
ss of sail, and acci-
The turf, of which there
ets in the vicinity of the
Lcularly on the Clare side,
immense square baskets,
le of the small sloping carts

vely occupied by tl
reat part of its fuel, f

small sl

So work them

The towns it is to 1
grounds for health ar
in the New Town be

payment of

eat he

reat pr(

rider the recent poor-law act)
and is a large pile, of lime
On the same side, nearer the

the quays, there are several
The views from William-
and Wellesley-bridge, and
it, to the county of Clare,
11 as several ship-building
pleasing proximity of mara-

rick, though at so great a distance
considerable height, giving a depth
The city , however, has
its favourable position,

.-:rce. It has yet no
in of the trade with

kmerica, and

thin the last seven or

ith the adjoin-

on by water,

ye land conveyances; and
jut triflingly improved, it

dvantage froni- its noble river

, which penetrate a highly improvable
ive and populous country for upwards

regretted, has no public walks or out
recreation, if the new or Pery-square
xcepted,—which is open only on the

an embankment on the Clare

gardens in Henry-street are private pro-

perty. They ai,:ctipy- about an acre of ground, are formed on
arches, varying from tweny-five to forty feet in height, (with
a wall 70 feet above the street,) and command an extensive
view of the Shannon and the neighbouring country. The
arches below were intended to be appropriated as stores for
merchandise, but have fallen into disuetudein consequence,
it appears, of the accumulation of damp. The most fashion-
able promenades are George's-street and the Wellesley
Bridge. The embankment on the north side of the river,
lower down, which was formed at the joint expense of the
Marquis of Lansdowne and Matthew Barrington, Esq, affords
however, a charming stroll, though it is rather too remote to
be generally available.
The immediate environs of Limerick, with some few ex-
ceptions, (particularly down the river,) are not peculiarly at-
tractive ; and the south-eastern suburb of Garry Owen, as
well as the neighbouring fields, contain small streets and
rows of those miserable clay-built thatched hovels, common
in these districts, and which exhibit a painful contrast to the
neatness and comfort of an English cottage home. At the
distance, however, of a few miles, may be found some of the
finest and most interesting remains of antiquity and grandeur,
castellated and civic, amidst the most picturesque and
diversified lowland scenery, or elevated on eminences, corn-
=riding views of surpassing beauty and extent.
Castle Troy, now an ivy-mantled ruin, rears its venerable
head on the south bank of the Shannon, about four miles
east from the city, and even in name, apart from the stirring
events connected with it in feudal times, calls forth remi-
niscences of " the deeds of the days of other years." On a
lovely day in May, I started from the city, with two young
and intelligent companions, (sons of my friend Captain
Kennedy,) with the double object of viewing its remains,
and ruralizing by the way. We had provided a fishing rod
and tackle, in hopes, though not sanguine in this respect, of
catching a few trout, or salmon fry. The commencement of
our walk was along the banks of the canal which alternates
with the river in the inland navigation to Killaloe on the
Upper Shannon. The first length of the canal cuts off a
bend or delta of the river, and our path was through a fine,
open, campaign country or plain, bounded on the south and
east by a range of mountains. The excursion was pleasant,
but the sky was cloudless, and the sun so powerful, with
scarcely a breath of wind, that our attempts iu angling were
unsuccessful, and others who had pursued " the gentle
pastime" for hours, were scarcely more fortunate. At the
head of the length of canal noticed, the boats enter the river
on the same level. The stream here expands, with an em-
bankment on the south, on which is the towing path. Some
castellated ruins top eminences on the right, and the uplands
are di,iersified by several seats, the wood, in belts and en-
closures round which, is of considerable growth—giving the
scene the appearance of an English landscape. The moun-
tains of Clare, cultivated in patches nearly to their summits,

and spotted with small farm-houses and white cottages, ter-
minate the prospect on the north : and a gap in the hills to
the east indicates the pass of the mighty Shannon between
the two counties. Plassey Corn-mill, in which water and

soon rose in view on the
—.6in of the river, and the castle peering over trees
was beyond it. We visited this establishment—one of the
largest in that part of the country. It had in the previous
winter been entirely destroyed by fire, but the walls being
'll good, workmen kvere employed in repairing it, and intro-
several Mechanical and 'architectural improvements.
isantly situated amongst meadows and fields, stir-
, trees. The mill dam or race resembles a little
--dentifUlly fringed with willows and other trees
noisture. We pursued the footpath along it.
'-‘rew in our line, but without better suc-
improved in richness as we proceeded,
,e villas, on rising grounds forming
v stately forest trees, and furnish-
-sturage to sheep and cattle.
the songs of the birds were
of the waters, which with a

steam-power are
south m

efreshing noise, producing a sen-
t on; caul stretching diagonally
al( to bank, and formed a white
The water below it is broken
a comparatively shallow bed, and
)n the south side, diversified the
glassy expanse of the water above
:h the roughness of the babbling
)site shore, which is precipitous,
rt,
ly natural woods, completed the

t time, several " cots," peculiar
-,ursuing their favourite pas-
-1.0, with flat bottoms, rising
in outline, a depressed cliptic
uared off at either end.
—.e with small oars, and
inbling a long-bladed spade.
the paddle, they mnch re-
m canoe, differing, however,
of being fashioned and hol-
e, and in being also a little
for a whole day's fishing, at fa-
th a man to pull it, who provides
,ks far the small sum of half-a-
;owed to them guide them skit.
n the rapids of the river, where a
slight deviation; in steering through passages narrowed by
rocks, would frequently prove fatal to the adventurcuans
dnatvhie.
gators. On the estuary of the Lowe
stormy sea coast outside, there are small Shannon,
boats, called " ca-
noes,' built of more slender materials, but more buoyant,
the frame being formed of little more than laths, which are
Covered, by way of planking, with tarred canvas.' These I
sh ' ore particularly in a future sketch of Kilkee, a
a.i. e a vourite bathing place near Kilrush.
repeat perds, we passed some grass fields, skirted7ce_A_
...1 .....
\/derby..:; k- derby aline of trees, with a kindly opening
,
-Mowing the fisher a fair cast of his line.
r.r. •
1. :1 / \./.... rit
Ittl ‘/
.2'._—__''" —•_-K` %

of a tr

and safely e

TROY CASTLE,
The once strong and intermediate fortress between Limerick
Castle, and Castle Connell some miles higher up the river.
The northern base is washed by the stream, and little
more remains of it than part of the eastern end, also dilapi-
dated, and presenting the appearance, from a short dis-
stance, of a square tower mantled with ivy,—a chimney
(probably that of the kitchen and banquetting room) forming
the highest point—for the stalwart warriors of yore, amidst
all their fighting, never forgot to make provision for feasting.
Judging from the mural outline yet traceable, it appears to
have been of a polygonal form, (of five sides,) describing an
oblong square, with a right angle superadded at one end.
The east and north walls are yet apparently of nearly their
original height, and the window appertures, fireplaces, and
fragments of plaster done on wicker-work, denote the ex-
istence of once stately interior appartments. The whole is of
lime stone, and huge fragments of ruin, upwards of two
yards in thickness, are promiscuously strewed on the south
side, in such a manner as to afford ground for the conjecture
that it was blown up simultaneously with Garrig-o-gunniel
and Castle Connell, in 1689. I have at hand no historical
account of this structure. The wooden floors have all dis-
appeared, but there are still portions of stone floors supported
on arches, at the east, or tower end, forming platforms, now
covered with grass. We ascended by a broken and rather
dangerous spiral staircase to the upper story, whence we ob-
tained a delightful view of the surrounding country, which,
on the south and east is enriched by several finely-
wooded mansions. A large portion of the centre of the
arch in which we stood has dropped out, leaving the
springs overhanging on each side, without key or inner sup-
port, save what it derives from the excellence of the mortar.
The interior of the higher portion of the ruin is thickly woven
over with ivy, by the stems of which one of my companions
—the stair being demolished by the ruthless hand of time—
wished to ascend to the highest peak, a further height of
perhaps twenty feet. He was so bent on his daring adven-
ture, that I was constrained to pull him back by the legs,
remarking that I had no mind that my remembrance of our
ramble should be sullied by my being called upon to appear
at a coroner's inquest. He afterwards expressed a strong
desire to gain and explore a small dark closet-looking apart-
ment, formed in the upper walls of the north-west corner of
the pile, by scrambling along the inside of the building, hold-
ing on by the pieces of stone on which had rested the beams
of the decayed floors, but this more dangerous freak of the
fearless youth I also overruled. He pointed out a perpendi-
cular square opening, or well, through the masonry of one of
the walls into the river beneath, into which (as a convenient
mode of execution) the peasantry still believe the lords of the
earth were wont, without the intervention of a judge or jury
to throw their prisoners or refractory retainers. A purpose
for such an opening, by no means so sanguinary, is, however,
more reconcilable with probability. The return by the dila-
pidated
stairs required a steadier foot than the ascent ; but
we reached the sward that surrounds the venerable rui❑ in
safety, and having found our other companion on the river
side, plying his rod in patient but vain expectancy of the
finny inhabitants taking a fancy to his flies, we sat down on
a knoll, and partook of a lunch of the plainest fare, with that
enviable gout which is the result of purity of air and buoy-
ancy of spirits. We returned to town, partly by a varied
route, and though somewhat fatigued by the heat, highly
gratified by our ramble to Castle Troy.
The whole of the county of Limerick is, it may be said,
bristled with interesting remains of feudal and ecclesiastical
grandeur and antiquity ; and the tourist should not omit to
visit Castle Connell, on the south bank of the Upper Shan-
non, about six miles from the city. It is one of the most
charming villages in the district, and the most popular resort
of the citizens on days of recreation. Here are found in a
pre-eminent degree all the materiel of the beautiful and pic-
turesque—in wood and water—in magnificent ruins of ancient
times, and elegant mansions of modern date. The rapids of
Doonass below are the most remarkable on the whole line of
the Shannon, from its source in the " far north" of the island
to its confluence with the great western ocean. Carrig-o-
Gunniel, about four miles below the city, on the same side of
the stream—an elevated stronghold of the once celebrated,
but now extinct, Earls of Desmond, the last of whom gave
name to the " Geraldines"—is also a place of great interest ;
and not far distant are Croorn, Kilmallock, Pallas Kenry,
and Adare, all deeply interwoven in the historical records and
traditionary lore of by-gone times. The opposite (Clare)
shore is scarcely less interesting in this respect; but I must
reserve such particulars as can be inserted within the pre-
scribed limits of these sketches for my " Trip down the
Shannon from Limerick to Kilrush."

EXTENSION OF STEAM NAVIGATION IN

SOUTH AMERICA

(From the London Journal of Commerce.)
The perusal of that part of the report of the committee of
the House of Representatives of the United States on the
state of their navy which points out the necessity of that
country bringing its steam fleet for protection or war nearer
in power to that of Great Britain, and the great efforts made
in this way by Russia and France, give at present great addi-
tional importance, beyond the mere increase of commercial
facilities, to every new line of powerful steamers carrying
the mails from this country to distant, and particularly to
such transatlantic countries whose principal commerce is as
yet in our hands, and which may be by this means more de-
veloped and better secured to us.
For this reason the now some years' pending proposal for
the establishment of a steam line to supersede the present
Bailing packelss to South America Proper, by which we parti-
cularly comprehend the southern hemisphere of America,
deserves the fullest attention as a really national enterprise ;
and with this view we shall refer to some documents which
reached us last week from Brazil, proving the desire of the
Government of that country to connect its commercial and
political relations with this country closer than with any
other.

It appears, then, that with the assistance of a gentleman
favourably known in connexion with the material improve-
ments of Brazil, Mr. William Morgan, of the firm of Messrs.
Ackraman, Morgan, and Co., of Bristol, has succeeded in
obtaining from the Government of that country a contract of
such a kind as alone could permit the establishment of such
a mixed naval and mercantile steam line as alone can be ef-
fective for all purposes which it ought to fulfil ; for the steam-
ers, though contracted for with a company, like Cunard's,
will, as those fine vessels, have to carry the Queen's pennant,
inasmuch as they will convey the royal mail on hoard, which
is always under the protection of an officer of the navy, and
carronades of a sufficient calibre to protect them in case of a
sudden outbreak of war ; being liable, by the contract, in the
latter case, to serve as war-steamers, and to receive, at home
and abroad, at a moment's notice, commanders and the full
equipment of men and guns from her Majesty's navy ; while,
in the performance of their contract in times of peace, and
in order to give commerce the benefit they are so eminently
calculated to give, and to diminish the great expense of their
maintenance, they must be able also to carry goods and mer-
chandise to a certain amount, which, if not in some manner
exempt in foreign ports from the dilatory forms to which
cargoes by purely private shipping are incessantly subject,
would become an impediment to that quick despatch in the
various ports touched at, without which a steam communica-
tion, comprising, as the one proposed, nine different ports of
sixteen nations, would be perfectly useless.
The facilities and commercial immunities granted by the
Brazilian government to this projected line are the paramount
advantages of the contract—for without them neither speedy
dispatch in the ports, nor speedy travelling, would have been
obtainable ; and had private efforts not succeeded in obtain-
ing these favours from a government so well disposed to fa-
vour the movements of commerce, and of a friendly national
intercourse with us, diplomacy would probably have been
employed in vain to obtain such essential advantages, mutual
to be sure, but which, in its hands, raiely escape becoming
objects of national jealousy and suspicion.
The proposed plan is that steam vessels of a large size
should depart at stated periods from a British post, to land
and receive mails BOTH OUTWARDS and HOMEWARDS, at
Madeira, Canaries, Cape de Verds, Pernambuco, Bahia,
Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catharina, Monte Video, and Buenos
Ayres.
The mails for Maranham, Para, and other ports on the
coast, to be conveyed by the Brazilian steamer now on the
spot.
The Peninsular mails to be conveyed from Gibraltar and
Lisbon, to Madeira, and vice versa—mails to the several
settlements on the coast of Africa and for her Majesty's
cruisers, to be conveyed to St. Vincent's. in Cape de Verds,
and return mails taken from thence.
That six large steamers be built solely for this purpose,
which would give a monthly mail, as under, reserving one
boat in ordinary for emergencies.
Conveyed onwards from a port in England to Madeira,
Canaries, Cape de Verd Islands, (whence a branch might be
dispatched to the coast of Africa,) Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio
de Janeiro, Santa Catharina, Monte Video, Buenos Ayres.
Returning to England via Monte Video, St. Catharina, Rio
de Janeiro, Bahia, Pernambuco, Cape de Verds, Canaries,
Madeira. •

By the projected arrangements, each vessel will have a
period of four weeks at Buenos Ayres to refit, and six weeks
in England for similar purposes.
.. . _

The Brazilian government, in consideration of services to
be performed by the projected company, such as conveying
between the ports of the empire a small amount of tonnage,
and a limited number of persons to Europe for instruction
in arts, science, or trade, on payment of a moiety of the
ordinary passage money, will pay to the company, during
fifteen years, 6,000 milreis for each monthly voyage, and have
granted it the privileges of conveying goo-ds and passengers
from one to the other of the imperial ports, prompt dispatch
for the receiving and landing, without any impediment what-
ever, of their passengers an goods, the free importation of
all articles necessary for the use and navigation of the steam-
ers, and exemption, throughout the empire, from the pay-
ment of all port charges and dues whatsoever.

All the countries of the world, except the western coast of
Africa, the Cape, and the coast of America, from the
Amazons to La Plata, are now connected with us by steam
communication, and both these extensive and important
shores may be served by the line proposed—for nothing is
more feasible than to make it correspond vcith one from the
Cape and from the Niger or Sierra Leone, as the plan is that
the main trunk shall touch at St. Vincent or some other
island of the Cape de Verds. If this is effected we may in-
deed call ourselves steam bewinged abroad as we are iron
bound at home.
The advantage to our government of such a line is indeed
incaleul able—punctuality in all its foreign communications
standing foremost, next the shortness and limitation of time
in every negociation abroad, the prevention of misunder-
standings, the means of amending or altering measures or
instructions with rapidity, and of keeping up an almost
telegraphic communication between every one of our men of
war in all the South Atlantic Seas.
We are not aware that our government has as yet evinced
any readiness to attend to the frequent and pressing repre-
sentations and petitions repeatedly made by the merchants
of London, Liverpool, Bristol, Manchester, Birmingham,
and of many other towns interested in the commerce with
Brazil, Monte Video, and Buenos Ayres ; but we may trust
that so important an opportunity as the one now offering by
the above most propitious arrangement will no longer remain
unheeded; the more so as it is evident that the preparations
necessary for the working of such a line will take full two
years, at least, while France will have its government mail
steamer to Brazil, ready by July, 1842.
The effect of such a line upon the disorganised states of
Monte Video and Buenos Ayres, which now waste their sub-
stance in a warfare as sanguinary and destructive of property
as it is obliterative of every trace of good feeling between man
and man, of civilisation, and of commerce, will in our opinion
cease on the establishment of this steam communication,
which will act upon them as a harbinger of peace. It may
safely be maintained that the whole of the expense of these
wars fall chiefly upon the commercial and manufacturing in-
terests of the country—on the commercial, because the coun-
tries owe to our merchants the amount of several years of
their consumption, and either the native merchants, ruined
bywo
these civil and international wars, cannot pay, or those
_ remain standing, pay only in deteriorated paper cur-
rency, such as the Buenos Ayres dollar, worth now about
two pence ; the manufacturing and shipping interest of this
and unsettled state produce, country loses b
that, after assuminge great diminution which their poverty
produce, and it might safely be asserted
of Xl,ooo,ooafixed and irrevocable loss to our com-
merceabout £lOO,OOO per aup to this time, an additional loss of
annum least is added to this country
ideo,thr ugh a diminution of trade with
.bzyrethseancodnlvtiinounatnecve
oratricidt4 quarrels of Buenos
them.

Are we looking for consumers of our manufactured goods ?

It appears that the Chamber of Deputies had already
granted to Mr. J. Sturz, in 1840, all such privileges and im-
munities as were requisite to induce an association to open
this navigation, with the chief view of establishing a transit
trade to Bolivia, Moxos, Peru, and part of Columbia and
Venezuela. By the latest arrival from Brazil, we perceive
that the Senate had, for three successive days, been discussing
this privilege, which was rather factiously opposed by some
members of the southern provinces of S. Paul's and Minas
Geraes, who, not directly interested in the development of
the north, had allowed themselves to oppose, for party pur-
poses, the desire of government to realise this great plan. It
is, however, constantly stated in those papers that the minis-
terial majority will carry the law, and we may thus congratu-
late about half a dozen different countries, now lying in abject
apathy and the grossest ignorance in their remote interiors,
for their being about to be called into the circle of trading
nations, by having a motive given them for exertion, through
the means of exchange for their stagnant produce for desirable
objects of European industry, offered them by this steam
navigation, and which objects at present are as inaccessible
to them as their abundant produce is worthless.

IIISCELLANEOUS

A tesselated Roman pavementhas recently been discovered
in Leicester. It is supposed to have been sixteen hundred
years in existence.

The parish priest of Dunmanway, county of Cork, black-
ened the outside of his chapel on learning the defeat of Mr.
O'Connell in Dublin.

On Saturday a gentleman named Cooper was killed at
Swindon, by being thrown out of his gig, the horse having
taken friglit at the passing of a train of carriages on the Great
Western railway.

Some ground turned up in Bushby Park last winter, which
had probably not been disturbed since the time of Charles I,
was covered in the following summer with mignionette, pan-
sies, and wild rasberries, none of which grow in the neigh-
bourhood.
The Lion. Charles Villiers, a near relation Of the Earl of
Clarendon, was tined 5s by the Wandsworth magistrates, on
Monday for drunkenness and disorderly conduct in the public
streets.

The number of sheep required for the iron-works between
Abergavenny and Cardiff is less by 2,000 per week than it
was twelve months ago. There is also a vast decrease in the
sale of veal and beef. this is in consequence of the workmen
still refusing to give more than 4id. per lb.— Weidman.
THE BOY JONES.—The boy Jones, of palace-visiting
notoriety, would not be taken on board the Diamond, at
Cork, for Port Philip. The master, Captain Taylor, refused
a handsome sum as an apprentice fee, which the Bow-street
officer who accompanied him here offered.—Waterford Mail.
Preparations are being made in the ordnance department
by " taking the remains" for a new master-general and sur-
veyor. It is confidently stated in the Tower that their new
masters will come into power on the Ist of September.
Negotiations are now in progress with a view to the estab-
lishment of military barracks on the site of the late race
ground, in Fulwood, near Preston.
An arrangement has been made that the Yorkshire Dis-
trict Bank shall discontinue the issue of its own notes at the
Leeds establishment, and in future issue the notes of the
Bank of England.
The Paris and Rouen railway, which is as much English
as French, is proceeding rapidly under the superintendence
of Mr. Locke; and we understand that thirty-five miles of
the Paris end of the line will be opened early in the spring of
next year.
The trains of the Great Western railway travel no less than
25,960 miles per week, that is, a greater distance than the
whole circumference of our earth.
ENTHUSIASM.—A Manchester gent in search of the won-
derful, returning from Patterdale to Ambleside, over Kirk-
stone, came to the resolution to return home, as he was un-
able, after a day and a half's fruitless endeavours, to find
any thing worth seeing.—Kendal Mercury.
GOVERNMENT SURVEY.—A detachment of sappers and
miners from the royal army are at present encamped on
Loughrigg Fell, near Ambleside, where they are erecting a
landmark of a peculiar form.
The London and Brighton Railway will be opened the
whole distance from London-bridge to Brighton about the
14th or 15th of September.
At Bainbridge, a township in the north riding of York-
shire, there has long existed a custom of blowing a horn every
night at ten o'clock, from September 27, to Shrovetide, as a
signal to the benighted traveller.
A lighthouse of cast iron, constructed in London, is about
to be erected to the windward of Morant Point, in the island
of Jamaica, so as to enable vessels to avoid the Morant Cays,
a dangerous reef of rocks, twenty-fives southward of that
point.

The committee of baronets have decided o❑ assuming, or
rather re-assuming, the title of " the honorable," as a pre-
fix to a baronet's present title.
Bancroft, the American historian, computes that 180,000
Indians are all that remain east of the Mississippi of the nu-
merous tribes who formerly possessed that immense range of
country. Ardent spirits, the small pox, famine, and the rifle
have destroyed the rest.

THE QUEEN.—It is stated by a correspondent, on good
authority, which he specifies to us, that " When the Queen
Dowager was suffering from illness some months ago, so as
to be confined to her couch, it was her majesty's invariable
custom to rise and meet her assembled household in the
morning, for the purpose of family worship, though com-
pelled, immediately after the service, to retire again to her
couch."—The same correspondent also states, on the same
authority, " That it is theuniforin practice of the Queen and
Prince Albert to read a chapter of the sacred volume together
every morning."—Record.
DARING AND DEXTEROUS FEAT.—The following hazard-
ous performance was, at the commencement of last week,
accomplished by a slater, and which, for ingenuity, dexterity,
and courage, we believe was seldom, if ever surpassed :—The
proprietor of a cotton mill situated in the neighbourhood of
Glasgow had occasion to have some alteration made on the
top of a towering stalk adjoining the mill, an iron plate in
that direction, which interfered with the free egress of the
volume of smoke, having gone out of position ; and to have
thrown up a scaffolding, to repair the damage, would have
cost a considerable sum. A slater, however, undertook, for
a few pounds, to ascend to the top of the stalk, by means of
a considerable number of sharp-pointed pieces of iron, which
he drove into the stalk, commencing at the foot, and pro-
ceeding onwards (occasionally descending for instruments)
till he reaehed the top. He finished his Herculean task in
two days, to the satisfaction of the proprietor but to the no
small terror of the spectators, to whom, it is said, he appeared
as a speck in the distance, and who were naturally afraid that
be might instantly fall headlong from the pinnacle, and be
dashed to pieces.—Glasyow Mail.
FIELD MUSHROOMS.—Persons at this season of the year
cannot be too cautious in the choice of mushrooms. On
Monday afternoon a family named Harper, residing in Ber-
wick-street, Soho, nearly lost their lives by eating too freely
of some stewed mushrooms, which in the course of the morn-
ing had been purchased of a country-looking lad, who was
hawking them in a basket about the streets for sale. Besides
several poisonous " fungi," there is a variety of the tubei,
which, although an innocuous catsup may be made from
them, yet are dangerous to be eaten, being highly in-
digestible, and apt to swell in the stomach, producing very
painful and dangerous consequences. The best way to test
the quality of mushrooms is to introduce a silver spoon, or
a new shilling or sixpence, or an onion, into a vessel in which
mushrooms are seething ; if, on taking either of them out,
they assume a dark discoloured appearance, the circumstance
denotes the presence of poison existing among them ; if, on
the metal or onion on being withdrawn from the liquor still
wears its natural appearance, the fruit may be regarded as
being natural, and of the right sort.—Times.
EXECUTION OF THE KNARESBOROUGH MURDERERS.—
On Saturday at noon, the last sentence of the law was car-
ried into execution upon John Burlinson, Henry Nuttall, and
Charles Gill, who were convicted at the Yorkshire assizes of
the murder of Joseph Cocker, of Knaresborough. Ever
since their condemnation the three men have conducted
themselves in a most penitent manner. In going across
the yard from the condemned cell to the room where the/
were pinioned Burlinson and Nuttall walked with a firm step ;
Gill, who was weak from the effects of disease, was supported
by two of the attendants. At twelve o'clook, the under she-
riff demanded in the usual manner the bodies of the con-
demned, immediately after which the procession was formed,
and the men walked to the scaffold. After the usual preli-
minaries, the bolt was drawn and the men were launched
into eternity. The sufferings undergone by Burlinson and
Gill seemed to be great; their bodies were very much con-
vulsed ; the other seemed to die soon after the executioner
had done his work. After hanging the usual time the bodies
were cut down and removed to the prison, previous to their
being buried within its precincts. All the three were quite
young men, Burlinson being 24 years of age, Nuttall 22, and
Gill 19. Burlinson and Gill were the parties who inflicted
the wounds upon the old man ; Nuttall was present at the
time, and assisted in the rifling of Cocker's pocket. They
all belonged to Knaresborough, where their families reside.
THE MURDER AT WYMONDHAM.—JOHN SELF'S CON-
FESSION.— About nine o'clock in the morning of the day of
the day of the murder, Jemima Simpson passed him on her
way from a neighbouring cottage to her work. A few words
passed between them of only common import. At his dinner
hour he walked to her, and found her seated on a bank. He
sat down by her side. She had a knife in her hand : he
asked her to let him look at it. He took it, and put it into
his pocket, and said he should keep it. He began to play
with her; and, after a time, took hold of her clothes in a
manner that she much resented, threatening to tell her mo-
ther of him, and to expose him. He desisted, and denies at
any time having violated her person. He returned to his
work ; and, brooding over the threat, first thought of mur-
dering her, if she would not retract it. At four o'clock he
left off work, and met her near the fatal spot. After they
had got over the gap, he inquired whether she still intended
to tell ber mother. She replied, yes ; and that she would
" mob' him for it wherever she met him. He said, then
she would tell nothing but lies, and he took her by the
throat. She said she would tell her mother that he graned
her. Upon this, he threw her down, and struck her with his
spade, and repeated the blows till he supposed he had killed
her. She shrieked after the first blow, he believes, but once.
He then took her by the heels, and dragged her on her back
to the pond, and threw her into a part of it that was not
deep. He returned to the place of the murder, and finding
there her hat and apron, in which she had tied up some
sticks, he took and hid them in an adjoining field, and then
returned for his spade. When he came back, lie saw, to his
great surprise, the poor girl sitting on the margin of the
pond about two yards from it. The blood was running from
her wounds. She fixed her eyes on him, but neither cried
out nor spoke. He again took her by the heels, and dragged
her as before. On the way, she caught hold of the grass,
and clinched it in her bands. He threw her into another
part of the pond, and put his spade upon her neck, to keep
her under the water; and, after a short interval, he pushed
her with it into the middle of the pond, and left her with her
head, and mouth more especially, above the surface. The
and
immediately says, that h e sawca causing
the
wound, which was
whole of this latter scene of the horrid transaction did not
occupy, according to his account, much more than a minute.
He denies having struck her in this second attack, except in
described
thrusting the spade upon
her death, when she was sitting
he Hesitated, se and
on theii
tsi fdthespaioa h
e pond.
didO
n
being asked whether he was sure that not shriek
during this part of the murder,
her
neck
as
more ;
dot remember that she did ; which might b e th e case in the
hurry, confusion, and agitation that must necessarily have
accompanied the whole of this horrid deed. The bloody
cloth which was found was what it was sworn to be, and the
wet stocking was his father's. The blood on his trousers be-
longed to the poor girl, but the stain on his hat was not the
stain of blood.

MAIL GUARDS.—We are requested to contradict a para-
graph which has recently gone the round of the papers, that
the mail guards, having received an increase of salary, were
no longer allowed to receive gratuities from passengers.
Such not being the case, the guards have unfairly been de-
prived of the fees they were in the habit of being favoured
with from passengers desirous of rewarding their attention.
—York Herald.

MONTHLY STATEMENT OF THE LETTERS DELIVERED
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM :-

..—.... . .
Week ending June 20,18-11 • 3,773,136
Week ending June 21, 1840 : 3,221,206
Week ending November 24, 1839 1,585,973
Increase since 1840 on the week's letters 551,930
Increase since 1839 on the week's letters 2,187,163

DEATH OF MR. SAMUEL WRIGHT, OF NEW ORLEANS.—
He fell in a duel with Mr. S. W. Oakey, of the firm of Oakey,
Payne, and Hawkins, on the 2d ult. They fought with rifles,
at the distance of forty yards, and, at the second fire, Mr.
Wright fell, and expired in a few minutes. Mr. Wright was
a native of the county of Down, Ireland, and had been a
merchant in this country for upwards of twenty-five years,
a large portion of which time he lived, we believe, in Sayan-
natl.—Vicksburg/1 Sentinel.

DEATH OF DR. NPNEVIN.—The following is taken from
the New York Journal of Commerce. It is needless to say
that Dr. M`Nevin was once a formidable man in Ireland.
Arthur O'Connor is now the only survivor of the Executive
Directory of the United Irishmen : Died, in this city
yesterday, Dr. William James M`Nevin, the Irish patriot,
and companion of Emmett, in the 79th year of his age. Mr.
Thomas Traynor is now the only survivor of that little band
that accompanied Emmett to our shores, after the failure of
their attempt to revolutionize Ireland."
A foreigner named La Fontaine has been exhibiting expe-
riments in animal magnetism in the Hanover-square Rooms,
which attracted considerable attention, as well as excited
surprise. The patients are thrown into a state of insensibi-
lity, and during the enchanter's influence resisted all attempts
to excite a feeling of consciousness either of bodily pain or
external operations. The experiments do not appear likely
to produce any advantage.
LOCK JAW EXTRAORDINARY •--The Planters' Banner
(American paper) says a gentleman of that parish, some time
since, harpooned a large alligator in the Teche, which had
committed depredations on his plantations, and was cruel
enough to nail up his jaws and clench them, so that there
was no possibility of his opening his mouth. He was then
set at liberty, and 18 months afterwards he was shot, with
his jaws still close and the nails rusted. He was identified
as the same alligator by the mark of the harpoon and the
manner in which the jaws were nailed. We are assured that
this is a positive fact.
EXTRAORDINARY PHENOMENON.—On Saturday evening
last, Portpatrick was visited by a most unusual phenomenon,
namely, a water-spout, which did very serious damage, by
causing the almost total destruction of upwards of twenty
houses. Fortunately no lives were lost. This is to be
ascribed very much to the partial descent of the rain, which
formed a complete volume of water during the time it lasted.
The part of the town which suffered most severely was the
lower part, close to the water-side.—Belfast Chronicle.
MARCH OF IMPUDENCE.—An impudent trick was prac-
tised the other morning, about 11 o'clock, in High Holborn,
London, by a " shabby genteel" fellow who was loitering
near a book-stall opposite Day and Martin's. A gentleman
who had been looking for some time at a volume which was
lying on the stall, marked 7s. 6d., at length took it up, and,
thinking that the individual above alluded to belonged to the
shop, said to him, " I will give you five shillings for this, if
you like." " Why, sir," said the man, with the most per-
fect nonchalance," business is very bad, so I suppose I must
take it." The gentleman dropped two half-crowns into the
fellow's hand, and he was out of sight in a moment. The
shopkeeper, who had been busily engaged, happened to per-
ceive the gentleman walking away with the book, and stopped
him, when an explanation took place, and the gentleman had
the mortification to pay a second crown for his " bargain."

imports.

EAST INDIES, CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, .c

Reliance, (605) T C Hall, from Bombay, 2901 bales 121 hf bales
cotton, 24 bales wool, 47 cases gum arabic, 4 bags 5 frazils coffee,
10 cases 77 bundles mother o'pearl shells, 2 boxes cowries, 25 bun-
dles deer and 20 cuppas buffalo horns, 9 cars gum animi, 77 boxes
arrowroot, 252 bags pepper, 669 bags oil nuts, 140 bags ginger,
order-1 box sundries, Mrs. Archer.