The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1854-05-09 00:00:00

ST NICHOLAS' CHUI?CII.

TUE Rev. Rector CAMPBELL has just issued the follow-
ing Address to his congregation:—
St. Nicholas' Church, May 6, 1854.

The parishioners having refused a church rate, it is
necessary that we should provide a fund for the mainte-
nance of public worship ourselves,
I invited the heads of families to meet me after the
service last Sunday morning, to consider in what mode
this fund should be raised. Between thirty and forty
attended, and appointed a committee to consider the sub-
ject. They met last Wednesday, and came to the unani-
mous resolution to recommend the mode prescribed by
the Church and sanctioned by Holy Scripture, of a Weekly
Offertory. •
In the 16th chap. of St. Paul's Ist epistle to the Corin-
thians, the apostle says, " upon the first day of the week
let every one of you lay by him in store as God hath
prospered him."
The rubric directs that after the sermon " The priest
shall return to the Lord's table and begin the offertory,
saying one or more of the sentences following." * * . *
and then " while these sentences are in reading the deacons,
churchwardens, and other fit persons appointed for that
purpose, shall receive the alms for the poor and other
devotions of the people."
This ancient ordinance of the church, thus sanctioned
by the word of God, will not, I hope, under the circum-
stances, be unacceptable to the congregation, and I trust
that each member of it will be disposed to give " after
his power," and "aa God hath prospered him," to the

(Signed) AUGS. CAMPBELL, Rector.

PROPOSED MAGDALEN ASYLUM.

IT has frequently excited remark that no institution
should exist in Liverpool, whose peculiar object is to
reclaim to the paths of virtue those erring and unfortunate

females who have been allured into the-ways of vice and
the abodes of misery and shame. Within a brief period,
however, we are glad to learn that the attention of the
philanthropist and the charity of the Christian have been
attracted in this direction. A suggestion, which has been
warmly responded to, has been made to the Venerable
Archdeacon BROOKS and his colleague, the Rector CAMP-
BELL, to co-operate in the establishment of such an insti-
tution. Those gentlemen, ever alive to the true interests
of their countrymen and countrywomen, at once consented
to lend their countenance and aid in furtherance of the
objects of those who contemplate the establishment of a
home for the houseless —a refuge for outcast woman—an
asylum from the degradation and horrors of prostitution.
An advertisement in another column will apprise our
readers that a meeting of the friends of the proposed
Magdalen Asylum is to take place in the Savings' Bank,
Bold-street, this day, at three o'clock, when the plan on
which the proposed institution is intended to be carried on
will be submitted for the sanction and adoption of the
meeting. Though not fully acquainted with the plan in
its details, and even though we were, it would be impru-
dent to publish those details before they had been fully
digested by, those through whose instrumentality they
will have to be carried into effect ; still we may safely say
that in their main features they will be found such as to
merit the approbation and secure the support of all
Christians. The fact of so many of our clergy uniting
cordially in the formation of this much-needed charity
speaks favourably of its prospects, and affords a guarantee
that, under their united influence, a way will be found for
our fallen sisterhood to regain their lost place in society,
and through the adoption of which they may be enabled
to escape from an eternity of woe. The opportunity thus
afforded to the affluent and charitable laity, to assist in

carrying out the benevolent intentions of the movers in
this charitable work, will not, it is hoped, be lost, but that
they will rally round the clergy and cordially aid in the
establishment of this most important charity.

INCREASE OF GOLD-ITS EFFECT

UPON COMMERCE.

How exceedingly rare are the occasions on which we
find a priori reasoning fully borne out by the course of
subsequently occurring events, is an observation so fre-
quently made as to have become trite ; and probably in
no instance has the fallibility of speculative theorists 'been
more palpably demonstrated than when those theories
were directed to the probable results of the gold discoveries
of recent years. According to the received opinions of our
etA.ency 'theorists, the commercial equilibrium 'of the
world could only be maintained in its integrity by securing
the existing relative values of gold and silver, or so slowly
changing them that the difference would be imperceptible
and self-adjusting. Any sudden or extensive increase in
the quantity of one or other of those precious metals,
would, they said, be attended by such a disturbance in the
relative values of all commodities, as these are measured
by money, as would lead to inextricable confusion•in mer-
cantile arrangements, and result in such commercial dis-
aster us• inevitably follows pecuniary derangement. What
comment has experience enabled us to make upon this
theory ? Within the last four years, gold has beenthrown
upon the market of the world, to an extent reaching
nearly £100,000,000 in addition to that derived from all
the other previously known sources of production, while
the amount of silver, during the same period, has ex•
pefienced little or no perceptible augmentation. In the
face of this fact, and in defiance of the political economist's
theory, no commercial revolution has occurred. Gold has
not'been depreciated in value to any sensible extent, nor
-has Silver risen in its marketable worth; 'the general
prices of commodities have not been enhance-d, unless in
instances in which the cause of increase can 'be readily
traced• to circumstances unconnected with the influx of
-gold. If the hoc propter hoc form of argument is to be
-maintained, and, it is asserted, that since gold lms increased
'greatly in quantity without enhancing the value of silver,
therefore the production of silver must have also. increased
'in au equal degree : waving every deduction which might
"be made from the absence of any positive intimation of
the fact, as has been afforded in the case of gold, let us
see how the argument would then present itself. In that
view Of the case we should find that instead of -one hun-
dred millions' worth of_precious metal we should' have two
hundred millions' worth of representative value added to
the world's, stock within the brief period of a year or two.
Such an augmentation, upon the economic theory, must
have produced a vast increase in' the money value of all
commodities, or, that increase must have been warded off
by. a corresponding increase in industrial production. In
other words, the world must, within four years, have
received an augmentation of its actual wealth to the extent
of £400,000,000, over and above its ordinary production
and rate of increase ; a condition of matters too flattering
to be readily understood or safely adopted.
It'would be as fatiguing M it is unnecessary to demon-
strate, what every one is aware of, that in all instances'in
which commodities-have not been affected by inclement
seasons, or by war, or the approach of war and its.conse-:
quences, they have not risen in price, notwithstanding the'
•great and admitted influx of gold. In many instances,
indeed, they are cheaper than before the auriferous ple-
thora, _as in the case of coffee, sugar, wool, and cotton
and if-corn and other breadstuffs are dearer, scant crops
and a deficient harvest tkroughout Europe and America
are sufficient to account for the rise, without referenee to
the relative plenty or scarcity of gold. Such• being the
case, the-conclusion forces itself on us, that although the
world is 'unquestionably richer than it was before the dis-
coveries of such prodigious quantities of gold as have been
met with in California and Australia, the results to be
drawn from preconceived theories have not accompanied
those discoveries nor flowed from their consequent wealth.
If the question he asked,•in What direction has the ad-

vantage flowed, and, who are the parties chiefly benefited ?

The answer must be, to the first query, in a greatly aug-
mented, permanent, and increasing market, for the pro-
duce of our Industry and skill—to the second, the great
family of man, savage as well as civilised. As an example
of the former, take our Australian colonies. Prior to the
gold discoveries, our exports of British produce to Aus-
tralia were for the year, £2,600,000,
.and that was con-
sidered great; now they reach £0,000,000, whirls, calcu-
lated for the population •at per head, gives a consumption
nearly thirty fold higher tbun that of any other country
in the world. Large as this is, the prospective view, as
respects that country, is yet more encouraging. Before
the gold fieldslent their impetus to increase the number
of their inhabitants, the popUlation of all the Australian
colonies did not exceed 400,0001 by this time, so far as
can be ascertained, it. is double that number. Nor is it
from gold alone that those noble colonies derive their
chief consideration in this point of view. If ever the
"diggings" cease to be productive on a limitless and ex-
travagant scale, the plough and the sheep-crook, corn and
cattle, sheep and wool, will prove other and less precarious
mines; and the population of that land will go on increas-
ing, secure in the prolific capabilities of the colony; uniting
their exhaustless treasures—animal, vegetable, and mineral
—which shall distribute more equally and more equitably,
a wealth derived from honourable and well-directed
industry. Consumption in every article of our produce
is still on the increase, the rate of increase being also
rapidly augmenting. So far as present appearances war-
rant the conjecture, within ten years Australia will have
a population as large.as that of the United States at the
declaration of their independence, and considerably more
wealthy.

If the gold discoveries have already done so much and
promise so much more for the colony, what, let us' ask,
have been their effects on the mother country F On a recent
occasion, Mr. JAMES BAINES pointed out the action of these
discoveries on the trade of Liverpool, and incidentally on
that of London, in the following pregnant observations :
"In 1851 London sent out 224 ships, of 114,217 tons ;
during the same year Liverpool sent out 32 ships, of
23,224 tons. In 1852 London dispatched 341 vessels, with
a burthen of 186,289 tons; and Liverpool in • the same
period dispatched 128 ships, of 99,347 tons. The increase
in the Liverpool trade being 96 ships, and 76,142 tons.
On theillyth April, 1850, there were on the berth at Liver-
pool only four ships, having a burthen of 2,948 tons ; on
the corresponding day in 1851 there' were three ships,
burthen 2,716 tons ; but in the present year there were 39
ships, of 36,721 tons burthen, By many persons the
American trade had been looked upon as greater than the
Australian trade, and probably they would be scarcely
prepared to belivre him wheu he said th4t there were

decent and orderly maintenance of God's service and the
relief of the poor. Proper arrangements will be made,
so that the time of service shall not be lengthened, and
sermons will occasionally be preached in the afternoon,
to collect the alms of those worshippers who do not attend
in the morning. The number of what are called " charity
sermons" will of course be diminished, but we must have
three :—two for the Moorfields school, and one in obedience
to the Queen's letter.

the present moment 4,008' more registered tons of ship-
ping in Liverpool for Australia than for all parts of the
United States put together." From the statement of Mr.
BAINES, then, we learn that the Australian trade has,
within the last three years, become one of the highest
commercial importance to Liverpool, and has also been
greatly on the increase in London ; and that in both places

ships of larger tonnage are being gradually employed in
it; while, from other sources, we learn that the quality of
those ships, for sea-worthiness and speed, has improved in
au infinitely greater ratio than their increased capacity of
stowage. Nor have those advantages been confined to
the trade and shipping of the two ports named, other ports
also having largely participated in the benefits. While
advantages so obvious have been secured to the shipping
interests and the seaports, how has the rest of the com-
munity fared ? The effects of the gold discoveries on our
home relations may be to some extent, although only
imperfectly, judged of by the following facts :—ln 1851,
before the discovery of the Australian gold, the vane of
our exports, of our own produce and manufacture, was
somewhere about £68,531,601 ; last year their value
exceeded £87,357,306; thus exhibiting, within two years,
an increase of nearly nineteen millions sterling in the
value of our exports ; the difference alone jxceeding the
entire value of all the exports from some nations which
call themselves great.
Although the whole amount of this increase may not
belong to the gold influx, and although averse to indulge
in theorising, even- where the theme is a tempting one,
with such facts Wore us as those above referred to it is
impossible to forbear anticipating a brilliant future. Clouds
may, indeed, intervene between us and the full fruition of
the harvest; but, from the facts which have already tran-
spired, we cannot but foresee that capital and stock of
all kinds will accumulate and multiply with vastly accele-
rated speed. From these augmented means, and to meet
those increased requirements, we shall have more docks
and more ships, more railways, and more factories.
Industry, receiving a great additional impulse, will be
remodelled and reinvigorated; and stupendous enterprises
will be conceived and carried out with an amount of bold-
ness, and with a degree of vigour, compared with which
the past will have no parallel to offer.

SECOND EDITION.

Standard Office, One o'clock, a.m.

AMERICA.

ARRIVAL OF THE AMERICA,

Br ate British and North American Royal Mail steam-
ship America, Capt. Lang, which reached here last night,
we have intelligence to the 26th ult., being four days
later than by the Hermann.

The Ameiic.a left Boston on the 26th, at o'2o p.m., and
at 2'o p.m. passed the Rol mail steamship Arabia, bound
in. On the 28th, at 8 p.m., she arrived at Halifax, after
a detention of thirty hours by a dense fog, off Lambro.
Sailed from Halifax on the 29th, at 9'48 a.m., and arrived
in Liverpool on the Bth of May, at 9'40 p.m.
The America has brought 105 passengers, and 106,500
'dollars in specie.

PASSENGERS.—F. Glenson anti lady, Mrs. Soldan, Mr.
Farran and two friends, Geo. C. Johnston and lady, Mr.
Small, lady, and sister, R. Smith and lady, M. A. Brown,
H. Griffiths, J. Robertson, Mr. M'Andrew, Otte Moller,
Redmond Uniake, W. Muller, Isaac Marks, W. J. Cham-
berlain, Edward Osborne, H. B. Northup, John Higgins,
P. Grant, lady, child and servant, Mr. Guidin, Chas.
Brown, Geo. B. Crichton, lady, child and nurse, John
I3ellward, Mrs. A. Hoyle, Chas. 'Wallender, John Anisler,
C. Grosvenor, John Hill, Michael Grant, Mr. Blustner,
lady and four children, John Groom, Mrs. Stenson and
son, Chas. Mortison, Mr. Morris .and daughter, R. H.
Currier, F. Moore and lady, Mrs. Davis, Mrs. P. Jones,
and child, Mr. Watts, Mrs. W. Smith and child, B.
Wainwright, Joseph Harrison, Mrs. Boyers, J. J. Ibbotson,
A. Ibbitson, B. Ibbitson, D. Thomson, W. Lewis, John
Glass, A. W. Moore, A. W. Thomson and lady, J. Smith,
W. Holmes, R. Grieswood and lady, Mr. Porle and lady,
Miss Porle, six children and nurse, Mr. Fanshawe, Mr.
and Mrs. Colquhoun, Mr. Stewart, Dr. Street, Mr. Brown,
Mr. Humphreys, Mr. Atkins and six children, J. B. Ulm.
The Chase, White, the Ontario, Holmes, the John and
Albert, Crowell, and the Harkaway, Breck, all from
hence, arrived at Charleston on the 19th ult.
The steam-ship Sarah Sands, hence, arrived at Portland
on the 18th ult.

A despatch from Montreal, dated 20th inst., states that
the ice:in the St. Lawrence was breaking up.
The New York Herald says.:—" Alarming accounts of
the approach of the cholera are daily reaching us. The
ship Tonawanda, arrived at Philadelphia from Liverpool
on Saturday, had about fifty deaths during the passage of
a disease said to resemble cholera, and the Blanche, at St.
John, also from Liverpool; reports thirty-five deaths from
the same disease."

The schooner Manhattan ran ashore about half a mile
below the scene of the Powhattan's wreck. Ont of a crew
of nine men one Only was -saved, and he was thrown
violently into the surf and was washed -ashore insensible.
No intelligence has been received of the steam-ship
City of Glasgow, hence for Philadelphia.
The ship Underwriter, ashore on Squan Beach, was
hauled some 40 feet from oft' the bar, and it was antici-
pated that she would be got afloat the next tide.
The barque Glasgow, from Liverpool for Savannah,
passed Charleston Bar on the 20th ult.
The steamship Baltic, of the Collins line, is being
thoroughly overhauled for the first time since she was
built. During the last three years the Baltic has crossed
the Atlantic forty-eight times, running more than one
hundred and fifty thousand miles—equal to six times the
circumference of the world.

There is a rumour of a new treaty with Nicaragua, de-
signed to supersede that of April 19,1850, mid to place on
a new footing the arrangements securing the transit com-
munication from ocean to ocean. Another provision of
this reported treaty is the annexation of the Mosquito
territory to Nicaragua.
Resolves against the repeal of the fishing bounty, against
the repeal of the duty on lumber, and against throwing
open the Coasting trade, admitting foreign-built vessels to
American register, &c., have passed both houses of the
legislature of Maine.

The .Aspinwall Courier, of the 14th April, states that
the Panama Railroad Company are employing 5,000 men,
and will continue to do so until the track is laid within
working distance of Panama.

CALIFORNIA.— The steam-ship United States, from
Aspinwall, 17th instant, has arrived at New Orleans,
bringing California advices to the Ist of April. She re-
ports that the Mail steam-ship Illinois sailed from
Aspinwall for New York on the 17th with 750 passen-
gers and about ore million dollars in treasure, brought
down to Panama by the steam-ship Oregon. A duel had
taken place between the editors of the San Francisco
Times and the Alta California, in which the latter was
severely wounded. The trial of Col. Watkins, one of the
Walker Expedition, had resulted in a verdict of guilty,
but with a recommendation to mercy. The British ship
Challenge had been seized for a violation of the revenue
laws. The markets continued excessively depressed.