The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-10-29 00:00:00

reluelfan,f;y" to cover their retreat. if not anticipated " de-
feat"; icalowing that " Michael's " cards will not be found
" trumps " on the day of election, notwithstanding his libe-
ral " worship's " final act of PARTISANSHIP.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. In conclusion, I must not forget the apparent mode taken
to indnoe even RESPECTABLE reformers to " come out" to
since Sta, it was moved t a vestry
hat meeticounsel'sng held
opinion at Preshould be taken scot some time
the legality of supplying any but the parish church prop the " radicals' " sinking " cause." It is true that
as to
the ' unprincipied tories " do not change their places ;
a
with the sacramental wine out of the church rate, with the although that nearly thrice-beaten mild "patriot" Rathbone
" is everywhere by turns," nay, has again returned from his
hope, it would seem, of withdrawing that supply from three
" partial" obscurity to aid the " tottering faction" by shel-
other churches in the parish that did receive it.
Dr. Lushington was accordingly consulted on the subject, teeing himself under the unbought "suffrages" and influ-
and he has transmitted his opinion to the committee, which ence of the "Protectors" of New Bird-street, and doubtless
is, that all episcopal churches or chapels in the parish are will be returned for " St. George Ward" with the same or
entitled to the wine for sacramental use out of the church similar eclat that the once respected, yet now neglected
"
rates. Tinsel Atkinson" our " lion of North Toxteth," witnessed
The disappointment of the "liberals " may well be con-
and experiented on the 19th Nov. last. Still, how are the
ceived at this important decision, as there are three or four " mighty fallen!" Yet, 'tis consolation to know in these
other churchei in the parish that will now be entitled to the " piping times of Reform,—that
benefit of the wine, which before had to be found out of the I Every dog has his day ;
Brougham had his, also Grey.
pew-rents ;at the same time they were benefit. their portion
of the rate, from which they derived no It is to be Finally, notwithstanding Yates's " potatoe" philosophy the
hoped that all parishes similarly situated will take advantage other day in the " North Toxteth Ward, or the cruel
" "
of this information, and claim the benefit to which they are liberality "of the York-street Veteran Reformer," Ido
justly entitled.—l am, sir, your obedient servant, hope that the Committee will not sleep at their post. The
A CHURCHMAN. day of retribution is at hand—the crisis is come—be up and
doing, and convince the " base whigs" that after the Ist of
November, their " tyrant majority" may commence chaunt-
lug " farewell, a long farewell to all whip greatness." Wait-
ing your attention, I am, &c., ' ARGUS."
Toxteth Park, Thursday evening. Oct. 28, 1841.

CORRESPONDENCE.

CHURCH RATES AND SACRAMENTAL WINE

St. Helens, 23d October, 1841

MUNICIPAL ELECTION

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

Srn,—The time has arrived for looking fairly in the face
whatever difficulties there may be in the way of that success 1
which every well-wishing conservative must desire to see
crowning those great efforts that have been made for the
past few years in our registration courts.
That those difficulties are neither few nor unimportant,
will not be denied by any one who has watched the progress,
the too successful progress of the enemy, in his endeavour to
place a pauper constituency on the registry ; and it behoves
us now, while it is called to-day, to bestir ourselves to cir-
cumvent the villany of a party who could fling patriotism to
the winds, and sacrifice the well-being of the town by legiti-
matising a spurious Irish Roman Catholic community of the
lowest grade, the most uneducated cast, and the worst mo-
rals, to claim relief equally with our own well-regulated and
honest, but poor and hard-working fellow-townsmen.
There is something so profligate and abandoned in that
diabolical act of the faction, as to call for the reprobation of
every right-thinking man. It proves at once that there is
no act too base for them to practise. The morals of the
town—nay the very existence of the borough—would be sa-
crificed if found opposing the selfish wish or the aggrandise-
ment of a party styling itself, par excellence, " liberal," and
boasting of the ardency of its desire for the liberty and the
happiness of the people, when the whole scope of its inten-
tions and the tenor of its acts are to brutalise and enslave.
We shall very shortly be called on to feel and acknowledge
the effects of this crowning unprincipled act of theirs, in the
shape of overwhelming poor-rates—rates that must be con-
tinued through a series of years, while the advantage to the
party for whom all this must be borne, is ephemeral only.
Surely this will rouse the town to a sense of duty : this surely
will excite even whigs to a rebellious reprobation of an act
worthy of strangers who had domiciled among us for the
declared purpose of ruin and demoralisation.
I call, therefore, on every individual who has at heart the
welfare of the town and the prosperity of its institutions, to
come forth as one man, and, in unity of purpose, smite the
faction to the earth on Monday next, that it become pros-
trate for ever. To accomplish this, it is indispensable that
an adequate and persevering canvass be at once, if it has not
already been, entered upon—that every voter be called on,
and each one made acquainted with the unprincipled act that
has swindled a pauper constituency of the worst class to
swamp our own legitimate home one, to frustrate its will,
and finally to consummate the degradation and the injury
by picking our pockets through the legal channel of a poor-
rate. _ _

OUR PORTFOLIO—No. VII.
MACHINERY AND MANUFACTURES

In spite of the Penny Cyclopcedia and all the labours of
the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, we do
perceive, now and then, that the question about Machinery
is not so perfectly well settled as the illuminati. the authors
of these productions, would certainly have it to be. We
doubt, notwithstanding all they have said, and all the light
we have derived from experience, that there is any one class
of operatives, even those of the most intelligent order, to
whom it would convey any pleasure to hear that a machine
bad been invented which would supersede the necessity of
their labours ; and, with regard to the more philosophical,
or less interested portion of mankind, we do find that there
is by no means that universal consent among them which
might have been expected. Thus, in a recent number, we
observe the Morning Post holding forth as follows :
" The invention of machines as substitutes for human
labour—except in a country of which the population is inade-
quate to the work to be done—is clearly against the interest
of the labouring class. To use the language of the econo-
mists, the power to do labouring work is the `capital' of the
labourers ; and. if you introduce machines which possess
this power to an enormous degree, you add enormously to
the amount of this labouring capital. And as the exchange-
able value of every thing is affected by its scarcity or abun-
dance, the exchangeable value of this labouring capital is, by
the introduction of this machine power, exceedingly reduced."

. . ... _
*V * * " Thus it is that free-trade' men and machinery
men really work against the interest of the labourer, while
contributing to the advantage of those who have wealth."
This is a direct lunge at the machinery party, and bids
open defiance to all their boasted and much•confided-in im-
provements.
Here is another slashing cut at the body, though not so
direct, from the Herald:

"The successive governments of this country have, during
the last twenty years, been afraid of looking the manu-
facturing system fully in the face : alarmed at the inherent
difficulties of the subject, they have neglected the great
questions growing out of that system ; they have legislated
on all other subjects but the evils of manufacturing opera-
tion ; they have allowed those operations to be increased in
a geometrical progression, whilst the demand for manufac-
tures has only been augmented in an arithmetical ratio. The
condition of our manufactures at present is simply this :
The power of production greatly exceeds the power of con-
sumption, and whilst the former power has been unchecked,
the latter has been limited and contracted by the encroach-

I would not have the enemy despised, nor the danger un-
heeded. This is not the way to meet a difficulty. But let
each of us devote the little remaining time to a serious de-
termination to work out a foil to the adversary ; and if he
have increased his chances of success by two thousand Irish
Roman Catholics distributed through the sixteen wards, let
it produce increased energies on our part, that not a solitary
conservative be overlooked nor unpolled.
To carry the mayor would be no Herculean task, seeing
the number of conservative members going out this, and the
number of wards carried by us the last, election. It may be
done, but not without effort ; and if it be not done, a charge
of apathetic feeling will rest somewhere. A new general
government ought to be the harbinger of a new local state of
things among us ; but if each relies on that circumstance,
favourable though it be, to work out and carry the necessary
information into our council-room without setting his own
shoulder to the wheel, the die is cast, and repentance will
become the concluding act of Monday next, instead of mu-
tual congratulations and a joyous Peal upon the merry bells.
To our posts, then, every man of us ! remembering, that the
ensuing will be the most important election that has taken
place since the first under the New Municipal Act.

ments of rivals. Our power of production is a very differ-
ent power from that of other countries ; it is a mechanical

- -
and. therefore a non-consuming power, whilst theirs is a
human and consequently a consuming power."
But the machinists are amply supplied with defenders ;
Manchester has many " guardians" beside the one which
rejoices especially in the title; we shall give one specimen,
however, from that local organ of the cotton metropolis :
" Those who have paid attention to the course recently
taken by tory writers and speakers, in reference to manufac-
tures, will have no doubt about the motives which lead to the
promulgation, at such a time, in such a quarter, of opinions
like these. The object is to divert the attention of the work-
ing classes from the corn-laws to machinery ; and to rouse
hostility against the latter, at the risk of bringing about a re-
newal of the practices of luddism and loom-breaking which
disgraced the country in former years. This, as it strikes
us, is a very desperate game to play; and it may probably be
turnedto the great disadvantage of the landowners, who seem
so ready to commence it. The labouring classes of the ma-
nufacturing districts have this broad and undeniable fact be-
fore them, that the rapid extension of machinery in those
districts has increased instead of diminishing employment.
Where, indeed, have there been the greatest extension of,
and the most striking improvements in, those contrivances
by which, in the first instance, labour is economized? Why,
in Lancashire. And have those improvements diminished
the population of Lancashire ? Have they lessened the num-
ber of people employed in the manufactures of the county?
On the contrary, population has advanced with more rapid
strides than in any other part of the kingdom ; and this ad-
vance commenced with the introduction, and has kept even
pace with the improvement, of machinery. The increase of
employment has not only met the natural increase of the
Population, but has provided for many thousands who flocked
into the county from other quarters.'
So stands the dispute—and it is a very pretty quarrel in
whatever light we regard it. We thought, indeed, that it
had been long since argued and settled, and that no man
who takes up a spade to dig, would now be permitted to call
in question the use and advantages of machinery. The sum
of the matter we take to be this, that too little has been made
of the evils attendant upon it ; and now one party seeks to
hide them, or actually denies their existence ; the other
magnifies them beyond, their true dimensions. _

TO MR. MICHAEL ASHCROFT, FARMER, BANK-
HALL, AND CANDIDATE FOR EVERTON AND
KIRKDALE WARD.

DEAR was going to begin my epistle by com-
paring you to Cincinnatus, but then I thought that, in the
first place, I should occupy too much time and space in
attempting to instruct you as to who the said Cincinnatus
was ; and, secondly, that after all my instructions, you would
remain as ignorant as ever, and that you would be able to
see no more semblance of similarity between you and the
Roman than there is between a donkey and a horse, or be-
tween a parsnip and a potatoe ! Well, then, I shall endea-
vour, by the use of plain terms, to let you and " all whom it
may concern" know what I would be at in thus publicly
addressing one who has publicly announced himself a candi-
date for one of the'public honours of our town.
And first as to your address, which is evidently the work-
manship of some crafty mechanic, though whether a ship-
wright or a cartwright, I leave others more knowing than
myself to determine : suffice it to know and broadly to state
the fact, it is not yours ; but that is nothing as compared to
the other more disgraceful fact that it is evidently and de-
signedly written ‘s ith a view to deceive electors less knowing
than myself. _ _ . .

These evils belong to two stages of the history, namely,
the first introduction of a new machine which dispenses with
a large amount of manual labour; and, secondly, the ad-
vanced period, or that in which large masses of people are
raised and brought together, who are quite dependent upon
machinery, and there are the alternate seasons of over-pro-
duction, or of unnatural stimulus. These evils, we think,
have not been sufficiently attended to, and the denial of the
first is revolting to the common sense of mankind. A body
of men, fit for no other employment but that to which they
have been trained from early youth, are suddenly turned
adrift by some mechanical contrivance which renders their
services unnecessary,. they suffer loss ; they complain, and
you tell them not to be mal-content cr dejected. for that the
invention is quite a wonderful thing in itself, and must be of
the greatest service to the public at large. Here the griev-

You address no particular class of the electors, whether
whig, radical, or tory : you have not even the boldness or
manliness to state what your principles are, and thereby you
expect, I presume, to catch the votes of some who take you,
as I lately did, to be a stanch conservative.
You will laugh at this, and, seeing how common an at-
tendant you are, and how openly you express your opinions
at all the public places of Kirkdale, you will sneeringly ask
me how I came to be deceived by you. I will tell you.
Some time ago, while attending the same parish church with
you, hearing you profess at vestry dinners, and indeed on all
occasions, the warmest attachment both to Church and
tte I twice r- oint-4 to the really-conserva•

State, and seeing you . upp ,eu w _
tive office of churchwarden, (for the proper discharge Of
which a strictly-conservative oath was required of you,) I
could not possibly regard you but as a constutionally-con-
servative member of the State. Such—as I have lived long
enough to know—you certainly are not; for, let any man be
thrown, as business has sometimes led me, into your com-
pany at your public places of resort, and he will hear you,
night after night, eruct the most noisy denunciations against
the Church and her ministers, as well as against all the time-
honoured and well-ordered institutions of our land ! These
denunciations are generally so violent and rabid, that I have
been often led to wonder at your friends not looking after
you; am now only astonished at their not sending you to a
safer place of keeping than to the Council Chamber.
Yes, dear Michael! trust me, such friends as these would
be friends indeed ; while those who are now pushing you
forward before the public are but like those blackguards, in a
street, who, professing to help along a drunken man, are only
attracting a greater crowd to gaze at him, and are only caus-
ing him thereby to fall the more frequently, for their vulgar
merriment. In like manner, the vulgar radicals of Kirkdale
(there are a few such in Everton) are only making you their
catspaw, for certain purposes of their own, and you will both
know and rue it betimes. They are perfectly aware that you
do not possess one single qualification of any sort or descrip-
tion for the office of councillor; they openly declare behind
your back that—beyond the mere practical ability of growing
hay and turnips for their cattle, and of cultivating a few acres
of land for your own advantage—you are just as well acquaint-
ed with what is needful for the good or advantage of the ward
as one of your hinds, and that during the greater part of each
week you are so deeply immersed in the barley trade as not
to know, and less to care, whether their roads are in or out
of repair, whether their policemen do or neglect their duty,
or whether their lamps are dark or illumined ! Such being
their opinion of you, and such your identification with the
motley crew, let them by all means send so worthy a repre-
sentatiir of their interests to the Common Council ; let them
honour you with so distinguished a mark of their confidence ;
and, confiding in you, let them reap the fruitful consequences
of your most wise, and skilful, and appropriate councillor-
ship!
But here let me offer you a word of advice, my quondam
friend and fellow tory ; instead of quoting, for your benefit,
the Latin proverb about the cobler and his last—the con-
struction of which would prove as great a stumbling block to
your understanding as would the science of munielFal legis-
lation—l will just say, stick to your plough, and, while you
attend to the growth of turnips and the breeding of cattle,
leave to others who are better qualified the more difficult
task of rightly cultivating the growth and prosperity of the
town, and of properly watching her important interests and
increasing population.
Tell me not of some of those now in the Council with
whose pretensions and qualifications your own will at least
(and well you may say it) stand a comparison. No, no, Mi-
chael! all such tares, mushroom, and rubbish are now to be
cast out and excluded from the present bear garden of the
Town Council ; and as you are " but a worm", totally unfit
to be tolerated in the elysium of unanimity and respectability,
which the united voice of the conservative electors will soon
render the Council Chamber, I would seriously advise you to
call your own little council together to-morrow evening, and
say to them, as I now say to you,

VALE, VALE!

Kirkdale, October, 1841.
P.S.—The polling booth, it appears, is to be opened in
Kirkdale, instead of Everton. This decision of the Mayor
is altogether founded on the charitable principle that if, per-
adventure, Michael should not be able to go (or walk) to the
poll, the poll had better be brought to Michael !

MUNICIPAL ELECTION

" Coming events cast their shadows before."—SnAsx PEARE

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL• STANDARD,

have -been rather amused of late, on reading the
various " liberal " papers and their remarks respecting the
approaching " municipal election" : indeed I perceive that,
as usual, there is not a few illnatured " sayings" as well as
" doings" on the part of the " radicals" and their aspiring
yet " reluctant candidates, who since their " palmy days"
nevertheless appear somewhat crestfallen, if not doubtful as
to the result of their chance in the final " game" for " mu-
nicipal " honours. It is said, indeed, that straws thrown
up showeth " how the wind blows" ; and methinks, from
the apparent movements or change in a few " respectable
wards " by known " spirited" individuals, it would almost
seem that already a " change has come over the spirit of
their dreams." For instance, there is that " indefatigable"
and always useful, although it is said " ill-used " gent,Mr.
John Holmes—with his " slender " yet modest " tailt" re-
tiring " Quayle "—deserting their admiring friends in the
" aristocratic " Everton Ward, and seeking refuge in quar-
ters perhaps more suitable, if not more congenial, to their
refined, " spirited," and " independent" FEELINGS; al-
thougkwhether the intended successor of the great" Joshua"
will be allowed his long-wished-for elevation in the council,
or continue to wear the " knight's " recent " blushing ho-
nours," depends not, it is said, upon " friendly puffing, or
.
on the prophet " figs," but on the " withering GLANCE" of
the dignified condescension of an " eloquent" personage,
whose great " talents " (at the "Angel') and other pecu-
liar merits consist principally in his being rejected by the
much-abused "people," and afterwards introduced into the
" council chamber " as one of the "pitckforked " aldermen ;
but, notwithstanding this patriotic" ingenious device,"
it will not " come to good." Again, how poor Quayle,
whose sudden return from his much-loved " Isle of Man"
" retirement," or "fine"-al retreat—from his " kirkdale "
friends—will succeed in " Scotland Ward," I leave that not
to sober Thornhill's " market toadies," but to the " gods"
and the manly unflinching Is4Ac tO Prilve on the " Ist Nov.
'41." However, methinks it was " ttio bad" for the quail-
ing committee" VI " earnestly PRESS " the valuable ser-
vices of the fapapiota and talented Ashcroft, who " acceded

SECOND EDITION., '0

Standard Dice, Three o'clock

LIVERPOOL CORN EXCHANGE,—Tats DAY.

(From Messrs. R. MAKIN & SONS' Circular.)

The discouraging prospects of the farmers for some time
past, occasioned by the heavy rains prevalent, with slight
intermissions, during the greater part of the present month,
have been relieved by a favourable change in the weather
since our report of Tuesday last, affording hopes of their being
able shortly to commence sowing Wheat, which hitherto,
from the exceedingly wet state of the soil, has been wholly
impracticable in this district; meanwhile every possible effort

is being used in order to save the remainder of the potatoes,
which, in many situations, but more especially in the low-
lands recently under water, are found to have been seriously
damaged : of this important article of food, however, and of
the corn crops around us, the latter having been nearly all
secured in September and the first week of this month, a
more accurate opinion may, ere long, be formed. We may,
nevertheless, observe, that althdugh extremely varied, and in
most cases deficient, the bulk of the new Wheat already
brought in by the neighbouring growers proves better in both
quality and condition than is described by our advises from
many other parts of the kingdom.
The duties for the ensuing week are increased on Foreign
Wheat to 2-is. Bd., on Barley to 10s. 10d., on Rye to 145.,
on Beans and Pease to Bs. per quarter, on Flour to 14s. 10d.
per barrel ; those on Foreign Oats and on all British Colo-
nial produce remaining unaltered.
In consequence of adverse winds, we are very scantily
supplied with' Grain. Flour, and Oatmeal, coastwise and
from Ireland; and from abroad we have none fresh up for
to-day.

Without apparent briskness in any branch of the Corn
trade here from Tuesday's market until to-day, we have
little business to notice during that time beyond occasional
sales of the leading articles upon a limited scale, for immedi-
ate purposes ; but the sellers continuing to evince unabated
confidence, the general quotations of our last circular re•
mained steady.

Upon a very slender attendance of country buyers at our
Corn Exchange this morning, the absence of speculative in-
quiry, and our local millers taking merely sufficient to serve
their present wants ; the transactions in foreign Wheat were
only moderate, whilst of English we bad scarcely any sam-
ples offering, and the general runs of Irish were difficult of
sale : all descriptions of this Grain, however, continued to
support the late value, the holders steadily refusing to submit
to lower terms.—Engish, Irish, and foreign Flour ruled nearly
the same in all respects as last noted.
In Barley, Malt, and Beans, no change was apparent.—
Pease, being more saleable, were again Is. to 2s. per quarter
dearer.

Old Oats, being scarce, and wanted for provender, rather
exceeded the advanced rates of Tuesday ; but in any kind of
New there was no improvement.—Oatmeal, although in
mited request, fully maintained former prices.

ARRIVALS OF CORN,
From the 26th to the 2Sth October, 1841, inclusive

/INSCRIPTION. IRE- COAST- CANADA ro- TOTAL
LAND. WISE. 81 U.STS. RSION.

Qrs.
Qrs.
Qrs,
Qrs.
Qrs

859 I 1979

Beans Qrs.i
Pease . Qrs.
Shelled Barley . Qrs.!
Indian Corn . Qrs.!
Rapeseed Qrs.
Oatmeal .• . . Loads 250
Flour . Sacks' 318
Ditto . Bris.

Into Runcorn,
qrs. ; Barley,
sacks.

! 13

I 1

Ireland and Coastwise :—Wheat, qrs.; Beans,
qrs. ; Oats, qrs.: Oatmeal, Ids.; Flour,

EXPORTS.—Foreign. Wheat, 25 qrs.; Barley, qrs.; Oats. 10
qrs ; Pease, qr. ; Indian Corn. qrs. ; Oatmeal, 1 loads;
Flour, 91 brls.--Ireland. Wheat, 95 qrs. ; Malt, qrs.;
Indian Corn, 5 qrs.--Coastwise. Wheat, 486 qrs. ; Barley, 10
qrs. ; Malt, qrs. ; Oats, qrs. ; Beans, 10 qrs. ; Pease, 17
qrs. ; Indian Corn, qrs. ; Oatmeal, 36 Ids.; Flour, 154 sacks,
1221 barrels.

Average prices of Grain, for the week ending Oct. 22, 1841.
Wheat.. 6:35. 6d. ; Barley 31s. sd. 1 Oats.. 21s. gd. 1 Rye.. 355. Od

Beans. :375. 11¢.1 Pease.. 395. 7d

Aggregate average of the six weeks.
Wheat .62s.tod. Barley 345. sd. I Oats.. 225. 2d. ! Rye.. 375. 4d
Beans.. 41'0.Pease.. 41s. 4d.

Duty on Foreign Grain, &c. this week

Wheat24s. Rd. Barley 10s. rod. j Oats .. . 13s. gd. I Rye.. 14s. Od.
Beans Ss.od. Pease.. Ss. ud. I Cud. Corn O. Od. I Flour 145.10

Ditto from British Colonies out of Europe.
Wheat.... as. od. I Barley.. Os. tid. I Oats .. 2s. Od. I Rye.... 3s. Od.
Beans.. ticl. I Pease.. tid. I Indian Corn.. Cs. Od. I Flour.. 33. Od.

Liverpool Averages, week ending Oct. 26, 1841.
Wheat. Barley. Beaus. Pease
1547 115
. 61s. yd. Os. d. 2250 . yd. I 445. Ild

LIVERPOOL COTTON

MARKET, 3 P.M

MAnother dull and tame day in our Cotton-market, the
sales not exceeding 2,300 to 3,000 bales, barely at yesterday's
prices.—The weekly sales amount to 22,910 bales, of which
1750 are to speculators, and 600 to exporters. Prices on the
whole scarcely as high as this day week, and we close heavily.
The Halifax steam-ship Acadia was off Holyhead at noon
to-day.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE

FRIDAY, OCTGREA 29.—Wind N.E

Ar:amen.—Clyde, , from Stettin—Dundee, Gregg, from
Dundee—Queen Victoria, Beasley, and Troubador. Hunt, from
Dublin—Hope, Tyson, from Ulverston—City of Glasgow.
from Glasgow—Grana Uile, White, and Fair Trader, Bowden, from
Drogheda.
SAILED.— Freedom, Cox, for Alexandria—William M'Dougall,

- .
ance is particular, and the remedy general; the complaint
specific, and the answer vague and diffuse, and therefore, we
think, impertinent. How happens it that our parliament, or
perhaps we should say our House of Commons, which con-
descends to such a multifarious multiplicity of inquiries, has
never introduced any law or regulation on this point? The
inventor of a new machine obtains a patent to prevent all
other persons from availing themselves of the precious pro-
dnct of his ingenuity ; would it be deemed very obstructive,
or too great a check upon the spirit of the age, to put, in cer-
tain cases, some restraint upon the use of the machine even
by the inventor himself? We think not • but having given
what we conceive to be a very valuable 'hint, we shall leave
this matter in other hands.
We come to the other head, which is not the transition
state, but the full-blown machine, disappointing and per-
plexing its owners, not by failing to effect its purposes, but
by doing too much. With regard to the intermediate stage,
we are obliged to confess that we are amongst those who have
rather a respect for the advantages of spinning jennies,
power-looms, mules, and all the other paraphernalia of fac-
tory operations. We are in the habit of asking ourselves,
what would Lancashire be without them ? If the question
be, machinery, or no machinery ?—we are decidedly for ma-
chinery. Not that it is all good, and no harm—all sunshine (From the Perth Gazette, of March 13.)
and no shower, either ; for where is unalloyed happiness to
MURDER OF MR. JOHN LAYMAN.
be found at this side of creation ? But, under due regulation,
machinery we regard as quite a superlative aid to man, whom It is our painful duty to record the murder of one of our
sin has doomed in this life to earn his bread by the sweat of settlers in the Vasse District, by one of the Aborigines. The
his brow. unhappy sufferer, with his wife and family, by means of his
We have no right to argue from the abuse of anything. assiduity, and application to the life a settler, was rapidly
Machinery, if properly used, is a help, and an ease to toil— accumulating an independence, when, alas ! their hopes
doomed mortality—and, therefore, in itself a valuable gift have been thus untimely blighted. The father of a family
and blessing. Machinery will not of itself bring happiness • is murdered by a savage, in the act of protecting his own
that depends in conformity to the laws of Christianity. A property, and insisting upon the equal distribution of a por-
people might be exceedingly miserable with the most power- tion of damper, or bread, given in consideration of services
ful, the most splendid machinery ; and very tolerably corn- performed by another native. We are depending in a great
fortable without any. The weapon itself is not affected by measure upon mere report for the present account, but we
such opposite states in the condition of those who have, or have every reliance it will be found substantially correct.
those who have it not : we are only concerned to know that The native had stolen some flour from Layman during the
it is in itself a good; and that it is so, we feel that it would day, and subsequently robbed one of his companions of a
be quite superfluous to offer any proofs. One or two, how- damper. The unfortunate deceased remonstrated with the
s
ever, we shall refer to from a volume which happens to lay savage, and confiding in that security which we are all too
before us—Mr. Baines' very clever and interesting History ready to believe we hold, took him by the beard and shook
of the Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain : him. According to their usage and habits, no greater viola-
"Of the fifteen hundred thousand individuals whom the tion of the person can be inflicted ; the man instantly called
cotton manufacture now supports," says our author, " the for a spear, and pearsed it through his body. The sufferer
greater number are in the county of Lancaster. In the year had scarcely turned round and called for his gun, when he
1700, Lancashire numbered only 166,200, (about the present ' fell lifeless.
population of one of its seaports, and less than that of its The deed was considered so atrocious that the military sta-
manufacturing metropolis,) in 1801, it had grown to tioned at the Vasse were called out, and, accompanied by the
672,565, and in 1831, to 1.336,854, being an increase of more government resident, J. Molloy, Esq., and Mr. Bussell,
than eight fold in 130 years. they followed the tracks of the offending party. They came
•` At the beginning of the reign of George 111. (in 1760) upon their resting place at night, and Air. Bussell, who is
probably not More than
.forty thousand persons were sup-
well acquainted with their language, distinctly beard them
ported by the whole cotton manufacture; machines have
exulting over this barbarous outrage, and threatening, that
been invented which enable one man to produce as much as this was the first blow which had been struck for some
yarn as two hundred and fifty or three hundred men could time, it should be followed up by the extermination of the
have produced then,—which enable one man and one boy to very parties who were listening to their boasted assurance.
print as many goods as a hundred men and a hundred boys A conviction that the murderer was one of the number of those
could have printed formerly ; and the effect has been, that who were planning the diabolical acts to be committed, and
now the manufacture supports fifteen hundred thousand per-
hearing the imitation of the dying man's gurgle in his throat.
sons, or upwards of thirty-seven times as many as at the
it was instantly resolved to capture the whole party. The
former period!" attempt, however, being forcibly resisted, in the scuffle five
In another place he says—
natives were shot, and the real offender escaped. It is to be
"It may assist to form a conception of the British cotton hoped that he will be brought to justice before long.
manufacturer, when it is stated that the yarn spun in this This summary proceeding will, no doubt, bring down upon
the recriminating party the cry of unjustifiable homicide.
country in a year would, in a single thread, pass round the
globe's circumference 203,775 times; it would reach 51 times Be it so. Bring any one of the cream-faced objectionists
from the earth to the sun ; and it would encircle the earth's in the same position, and see would they not do the same
-
orbit eight and a half times. • thing were they in the same place. There cannot be a
question that the salutary chastisement thus inflicted will be
" The wrought fabrics of cotton exported in one year would
the means of saving much bloodshed; and that the supre-
form a girdle for the globe, passing eleven times round the
mac y of power must be upheld is equally indisputable.
equator.
Coupled, therefore, as our
fnconduct has been with acts of
• This manufacture furnishes nearly one-half of the ex-
kindness and consideration for
benefits
rtheir situation, as contrasted
ports of British produce and manufactures ; it supports more
with us of civilised life—the
than one-eleventh part of the population of Great Britain ;
and it supplies almost every nation of the world with some them for outweighingf atny. loss they may have experienced
from our occupation o heir lands—and the uniform dispo-
sition of the whole population to administer to their com-
forts ; these acts combined should at least secure to the
None of the kingdoms of Hanover, Wirtemberg, or
distant settler an immunity from unprovoked outrage and
Saxony, has a population exceeding that engaged in the ma-
curitv of property. But with the savages of this country,•
nufacture of cotton in this island. .
iasieovinsieodrlavl obligation is binding upon them ;we state this
" The receipts of our manufacturers and merchants for
otfhantecethsseit
this one production of the national industry, are equal to
the knowing
hour
two-thirds of the whole public revenue of the kingdom."yg_reaotfestroateetcstioonf
fkroinindnaezit.
With regard to the character and quality of factory ofd relief in'.
ants of a neighbouring tribe—even P in hour a
he says—support the ,
labour,
• death, is thought as •
lightly of by them as though they were:
" That there have been instances of abuse and cruelty in
conferred
some of the manufacturing establishments is doubtless true ;
plc return from a sense of obligation, or undeserving the sim-
of common gratitude. The members of public'
that the labour is not so healthful as labour in husbandry,
iandi
must be at once admitted ; and some children have unques- societies, and meetings at home, may rant, fume,
tionably suffered from working beyond their strength. But
tsp unite to
t
chifo their hearts' content, but all this will NOt availl
abuse is the exception, not the rule. Factory labour is far .o unite the link between the savage and the man d civilised
less injurious than many of the most common and necessary habits—this must be wrought by time.
employments of civilized life. It is much less irksome than We have no reason to commend or disparage the acts of
that of the weaver, less arduous than dim of the smith, less those who have found it necessary to follow up the offeadisee
prejudicial to the lungs, the spine. and the limbs, than those Parties in this outrage, but, from lengthened experiestet int
of the shoemaker and the tailor. Colliers, miners, forgenven, the colony, we are fully satisfied that prompt measures ass:
cutlers, machine-makers, masons, bakers, corn-millers, pain- required, in such instances, not al ho wito avert furs reut ura injusTned,
,
tors, plumbers, letter-press printers, potters, and many other but in mercy to the race of blacks, whll, if strar
classes of artisans and labourers, have employments which, carry their lawless violence to oeh excesses as may lead to a
in one way or another, are more inimical to health and lon- fearful loss of life to repel their aggressions.
gevity than the labour of cotton-mills. Some classes of pro-
fessional men, students, clerks in counting-houses, shop-
keepers, milliners, &c., are subject to as great, and, in many
cases, to much ~.I•cater, confinement and exhaustion than the
mill operatives.
We might quote many more interesting passages from tb.,
same work, to show the vast extent of this manufacture, and
its importance to all classes ; but these may suf§,ee for the
present.
With regard to some of the evils connected with, a, highly
artificial and advanced state of
the manufactoring systsm
over-production and its remedies—they '
' '
foroua a subject well
worthy the attention of the statesman '
they
satisfactory argument against the ,%-vstins itself. To, aaotbo
opportunity, however, we rflust: defer' a few* obscr.satious
Iwhich have occurred to,u,s'on the subject

. .
—, for Leghorn—Sarah Jane. Perry. for Cuba—Viv. Anna
Maria Catharina. , for Dordt—Falkland. I%l'Call, for Halifax
—St. Vincent, She hard, for Madeira—Nestor. Biinkhorn, for
Monte Video—Bride of Abydos, Weakner, for Naples—Princess,
Neagle, for Newfoundland—Charles HRITICIIOII, Warncliff, for St.
Thomas—Mary Caroline, Brewer, for St. John, N.B.—and Devonia.
Long, for Terceira.

Off Holyhead, at 12 at noon, Acadia, (steamer) from Halifax.
Martin, from Honduras for Liverpool, at Kingstown
Pamela, , hence to Quebec, was spoken sand Sept, in lat
44, long. 36
Arab, , hence to Sincapore, was spoken 23rd Sept. in lat
6 N, long. 15 W
Peri, , from Denia for Liverpool, off Gibraltar Bth instant
Pallas, Green, and Dash, Huntress, hence at Newfoundland
Novo Felix, Costa, hence at St. Michael's
Water Witch,
Eliza, Follet, hence for Newfoundland, at Scilly, leaky
Ann, Levie, from Danzic at Aberdeen for Liverpool, last.

THE ABORIGINES OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

~ •
VARIPAIES.

MILDN &.1,—,,8e always as will as
you can ; a spoonful of
honey agra:ats, more flies than a barrel of vinegar. If you
Y,:,
t fon, into,anV extmme, let it be on the side o gentleness.,
rykt
'is so constructed that it resists rigour and
1:1,c }lnman mind ••
yjelfis to.softness. A mild word quenches anger, as water •
quenches th.e• raging of fire, and by benignity any soil may •
' be rendered fruitful.--Truth, uttered with courtesy, is heap-
-
ing 031 A of tire on the head • or, lather throwing rases in.,
~.
tb4 f1,c,?.. Hon can we resist a foe whose wea •
pon.s ar.-A.pearks
ll mid diamonds!
1