The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-10-26 00:00:00

T j, • Mr. F.,,X used to say—" I
n• wants the word, to

• • :

L• • t and death bitter,"
...1;- • : • ilooper at the stake.
:r); r the death to come
is • ! ,-O coi-nc :,,ore sweet."
habits were singularly nice and
• • i tile that everything about a minis-
ter ' • ..." He was known to say that he
-•coui ;w1 ••••••••., • w ere c,ut of place. He-had
th,.• • . • orj., required his table to
be . •.. • if wily a loaf, or his favourite
• dish. • - -7: upon it.—Fraser.
• A Awr.—The exclusively ec-
- ele .. • .., early Christian art, is the grand
. • cle4roys all analogy between this
art of Pagan antiquity. In Hellenic

pay -ir.• •;;, •., . ; 1,. trimnph of humanity. The hu-
Mai •,,,, • i.teal beauty is the type of all things
at once with the peremptory
• •i:lciatinii of individual beauty and
stre, sensual beauty as nothing:
• the ~ned alone. bile permits the human
fore, •,- of some hidden thought
i pkstiin;-;,..., the form was all in all; in
the . ;.• :::•• ~.epression. The heathen delighted in
.%;,•ry sin l t pert might convey the sen-
o 1.14., -Lee ,mificed for Christian art, as
- solely Oeall ty . —Blackwood.
NV E 4 AT GGal: CAN no.—Modern Europe, as we
now 1,1:a, aurint but keep its intellectual standing-
- canoe,. but (.-.otinue to silvatiee • still, whether this shall
turn • vani age, and produce correspondent
too;::• . en.i teed to the eternal welfare of man-
kit.. for the solution of which the
FiLl' Chtucit cane under our especial considera7

tion : tit:. ;.i ,11-.llk koowleko is power, it is power for evil
as w,ll : ,i• and correct morale alone can render
acqr, nts adv,;ntageons to ourselves or others, and
pre‘..le tn:thigenee from becoming a curse rather than
a : for guiding mankind aright, the Church must
not only keep pace with, but be in advancement of, the
sip: \V navit know the wants, the feelings, the tempta-
tions of tnose with whom we have to deal, and we must
minister to them intelligently, or we shall be talking to
the. wind;.—Church of England Review.
SNAKE WORSHIPPING IN WESTERN AFRICA.—The
snake is al-o fetish or I,JOI here; -rid houses are built in
'several parts of Dahomey for the accommodation of snakes,
where they are reguiirly fi:d. These houses are about
seven feet high in the walls, with c;inical roof, about eight
feet diameter, and circular. The sakes are of the boa
constrictor tribe, and are considered quite harmless, al-
though I have my doubts upon it. They generally leave
this house at intervals, and when found by any of the
natives are taken up and immediately conveyed back to
the fetish house, where they are placed on the top of the
wall, under the thatch. It is disgusting to witness the
homage paid to these reptiles by the natives. When one
of them is picked up by any one, others will prostrate
themselves as it is carried past, throwing dust on their
heads, and begging to be rubbed over the body with the
reptile. After taking the snake up, a very heavy penalty
is incurred by laying it down, before it is placed in the
fetish-house. Wherever a snake is found it must be im-
mediately carried to the fetish-house, whether it has ever
been placed there before or not.—Duncan's Travels in
Western Africa.
MR. Purr's REMEDY FOR THE MONETARY CRISIS OF
1793.—At this period (1793) the mercantile world were
greatly alarmed by an unusual stagnation of trade, an ex-
traordinary demand for money, and the refusal of the
usual accommodation at the bank in the discount of bills.
These effects were chiefly produced by a boundless spirit
of commercial enterprise, exceeding all ordinary means of
support, and calling for a supply of capital within the
power of but few to afford, and by a sudden diminution of
-orders from the foreign markets. It appeared, however,
-on examination, that great numbers were affected by the
immediate want of credit whose real property was amply
sufficient to meet every want and to satisfy every claim;
'but, as this property could not, with adequate expedition,
be converted into money, such persons were unable to
answer the current demand upon them, and were placed
in a state of equal distress with those who were really in a
.state of insolvency. Thus pressed, a committee waited
- upon Mr. Pitt, to whom they represented the serious dis-
tress of the commercial world. Having closely investi-
gated the subject, and being fully aware of the mischiev-
ous consequences of this temporary evil, if some effectual
relief were not immediately afforded, Mr. Pitt introduced
the business to the House of Commons, and a committee
was appointed to take it into consideration. On the 29th
-of April the report was made to the house, which 'moved
the causes of the prevailing distress to be such as have
been stated above, and recommended the adoption of Mr.
Pitt's plan of relief, which proposed to issue Exchequer
bills to the amount of £5,000,000 sterling, to be intrusted
to the management of commissioners, who were to ad-
vance it upon the credit of goods to be deposited in ware-
houses appropriated for their reception ' • which goods, if
not redeemed before the first of May, 1794, were then to
be sold. The interest to be paid upon the sums lent was
at the rate of £3 16s. per cent. The measure experienced
some resistance from the opposition, who readily ascribed
the distress which called for it to the war—that fertile
source of every evil which seems to associate itself, in
their minds, with every measure of policy, and with every
topic of discussion. It received the sanction of the house,
who passed the necessary act in a few days, and the re-
sult established the wisdom of the application, for the re-
lief granted fully answered every purpose. Credit was re-
stored, trade increased, and commerce flourished, to the
great improvement of the revenue, while not a sixpence
was lost by the well-timed liberality of parliament.—W
ford's Life of Pitt. •
AN ham FAMILY MANSION.—It was a racketty place,
as any one could see. The lodge gate stood wide open,
emblem of the family hospitality ; and, hanging by a
single hinge, proclaimed that, as in most things Irish,
there was a screw loose. The house was a pale-faced,
rakish, moist-looking edifice, showing in its cracked and
neglected plaster the crow's feet of premature age. It
was a kind of devil-may-care tenement that set the pro-
prietors at defiance, and was plainly given to dissipation
and late hours. You could see at a glance it was a house
that had never made both ends meet. Even in the morn-
ing there was a debauched and maudlin look about it, as
if it had been up all night ; and the dishevelled shrubbery,
coming down in a long strip of faded green and yellow on
either side, looked a tawdry, half-ragged scarf, hanging
untied round its neck. There was not a single flower to
stick in his button-hole, but the frowsy herbage came up
like an unshaved beard to its chin. No female band was
there to train it into taste and neatness ; in a word, it was
in the forlorn condition of an Irish Bachelor's Hall. The
windows of both drawing-room and dining-room opened
to the ground, affording great facility for the ingress of
equestrians • as it was a standing joke at Farrelstown to
raise the sash and ride into one of those rooms, and when
the servant answered the drawing-room bell, he found,
belike, the visitor riding about the room. The reader is
not to suppose that the carpets suffered much from these
incursions ; for, alas ! they were long past injury ; and,
in fact, had been so roughly treated by the feet of man
and beast, that the little which remained had retired for
protection under the table, leaving only a very ill-condi-
tioned border timidly peeping out of the sanctuary. The
dining-table itself had suffered severely, and exhibited
various impressions of horse-shoes upon its surface; it
being a frequent practice to " school' over it after dinner.
In fact, to ride over Farrell's mahogany was a sort of test
of manhood and horsemanship, which few aspiring youths
cared to forego. On one occasion, on a frosty day, a few
couple of hounds being in the stable, they ran a drag
through the house, throwing off in the dining-room,
taking the up-stairs country, so through the suit of bed-
rooms, and down the back-stairs into the kitchen. It is
recorded by one who described this " night with Farrell's
hounds," that all the field were up in the bed-room, that
there was some tailing in the passages, and a few falls in
the attics ; but they all shut up at the back stairs, except
the master, who was well up at the last.—Scraps and
Sketches of Irish Life.
ORIGIN OF THE PICKWICK PAPERS.—III the preface to
the cheap issue of this publication Mr. Dickens gives the
following account of their origin. "I was a young man
of three-and-twenty, when the present publishers, at-
tracted by some pikes I was at that time writing in the
Morning Chronicle newspaper, waited upon me to pro-
pose a something that should be published in shilling
numbers—then only known to me, or I believe to any
body else, by a dim recollection of certain interminable
novels in that form, which used, some 25 years ago, to be
carried about the county by pedlars, and over some of
which I remernher to have shed innumerable tears, before
I served my apprenticeship to life. When I opened my
door in Furnival's -inn to the manageing partner who re-
presented the firm, I recognised in him the person from
whose hands I had bought, two or three years previously,
and whom I had never seen before or since, my first copy
of the magazine in which my first effusion—dropped
stealthily one evening at twilight, with fear and trembling,
into a dark letter-box, in a dark office, up a dark court,
in Fleet-street—appeared in all the glory of print; on
which occasion by-the-bye,—how well I recollect it!—l
walked down to Westminster Hall, and turned into it for
half an hour, because my eyes were so dimmed with joy
and pride, rat they could not bear the street, and were
not fit to be seen there. -e I told my visitor of the coinci-
dence, which we both hailed as a good omen: and so fell
to business. The idea propounded to me was that the
monthly soinethin, should be a vehicle for certain plates
to be executed by Mr. Seymour, and there was a notion,
either on the part of that admirable humorous artist, or
of my visitor (I forget which), that a "Nimrod Club,"
the members of which were to go out shooting, fishing,
and so forth, and getting themselves into difficulties
through their want of dexterity, would be the best means
of introducing these. 1 objected. My views being defer-
red to, I thought of Mr. Pickwick, and wrote the first
number ; from the proof sheets of which Mr. Seymour
made his drawing of the club, and that happy portrait of
its founder, by which he is always recognised, and which
may be said to have made him a reality. I connected Mr.
Pickwick with a club, because of the original suggestion,
and I put in Mr. Winkle expressly for the use of Mr. Sey-
mour. We started with a number of twenty-four pages
instead of thirty-two, and four illustrations in lieu of a
.couple. Mr. Seymour's sudden and lamented death be-
fore the second number was published brought about a
-quick decision upon a point already in agitation ; the
number became one of thirty-two pages with two illus-
trations, and remained so to the end. My friends told
me it was a low, cheap form of publication, by which I
should ruin all my rising hopes; and how right my friends
turned out to be, everybody now knows." Boz," Mr.
Dickens' signatnre in the Morning Chronicle, and ap-
pended to the monthly cover of this book, was, he adds,
nick-name of a pet brother, and adopted by him as a
~orn de piurne.

CROMWELL, CHARLES 1., AND NAPOLEON.
(From the Church y _England Review.)
We give Merle d'Aubigne every credit for the motives
which have induced this " Vindication." The attempt to
rescue the memory of one whom he conceives to have
been a good as well as a great man shows the impulse of
a generous mind, and with this we hope we can sympathize;
but we are sorry for the manner in which the attempt has
been made and the animus betrayed in making it. We
are perfectly willing to admit that many of the actors in
this revolution, however misguided, believed that they
were doing that which was acceptable to God ; but this
does not destroy the real character of their deeds. It is
said that England derived immense constitutional advanta-
ges from the struggle : the same may be said more or less
of all revolutions. We are told that the fear of his
father's scaffold made James 11. abdicate the throne, and
thus saved the effusion of much blood ; it must not be
forgo:ten, however, that it has been asserted that Louis
XVI. never would have suffered but for the precedent.
We have no high estimation of the Stuarts generally : we
believe, with Burnet, that they bore misfortunes betterthan
prosperity. yet we desire to pay that respect to misfortunes
borne with dignity which we cannot yield to prosperity un-
lawfully abused. Of this unhappy race, however, Charles I.
is the most to be admired as a man, and the most to be pitied
as a king. Although his extravagant notions of the royal
prerogative forced him into positions which required for
their maintenance such doubtful expedients as his adver-
saries interpreted into proofs of deliberate perfidy, it
ought to be remembered that his notions of prerogative
were, with him, a part of his religion ; and that the ex-
pedients, which left for him the character of insincerity,
were after all such as many a prince has employed, ro-
ceiving commendation, from historians for his policy. In
the relations of domestic life, Charles was as exemplary
as Oliver; in the refinement of the Christian gentleman,
be was greatly superior ; in sagacity and statesmanship,
he was infinitely his inferior. It may be true, that the
one idea of Cromwell's political life was the maintenance
of Protestantism ; it is not true that the sole aim of
Charles was the introduction of Popery. On this fragile
ground Merle d'Aubigne has built a theory of wicked in-
tentions, compensated by divine judgments, and frustrated
by pure and singleminded men, which must perish at the
slightest touch of truth, like a child's house of cards—
which, indeed, the very breath of his own angry invective
is sufficient to destroy.
. .

In his estimation of Cromwell as a statesman we can
better agree. In the foreign policy of his Protectorate,
he added another instance to the few which the world has
seen of a power wisely and conscientiously exercised which
had been doubtfully attained. In the domestic govern.-
meut of the country, he exhibited great moderation and
sagacity. Like Napoleon, he was' the only man who
could coerce the wild and anarchial elements of a revo-
lutionary condition into order. Like Napoleon, his per-
sonal ambition expressed itself in enlarged measures, re-
sulting in national prosperity. Like Napoleon, the very
necessities of the times permitted, and even required him,
to attain the successive steps to supreme authority. There
was, however, this striking difference in the cases of these
two great and singular men—that one availed himself of
a social condition which he found in existence—the other
helped to create it. We believe that, in the outset of
his career, Cromwell was honest and sincere. As the
successive scenes of this great national tragedy opened, he
learnt more fully the important character he had to play,
and saw more clearly the power he must ultimately attain:
With the temptation came the fall. It is utterly contrary
to all historical evidence to say that he was indifferent to
his own aggrandizement ; or that he did not skilfully seize
every opportunity for its attainment ; and it is only at the
expense of religion it can be said that his motives and
his actions in his way to power were the pure moults of
Christian faith or consistent with Christian practice.

REASON, REVELATION, AND TRADITION.—I draw the
distinction between the revelation from heaven and the
interpretations of men as strongly as possible. I place
my reason between the two. To revelation my reason
submits implicitly, as my bounden duty and best privilege.
To the conclusions, the decisions, the decrees, the creeds,
the inferences of men who are uninspired, my reason
never submits in the same manner; it only conforms and
acquiesces on different principles. Tradition shall be
weighed and examined ; its evidences shall be received, its
legends rejected. I will pay respect, and homage, and
deference, to every teacher who would persuade me, with
seriousness and earnestness, to consider an opinion, a
comment, or an interpretation. I will esteem such testi-
mony as next in value to Scripture itself ; and if I am
compelled to reject the interpretation it submits to me,
I will do so with sorrow and reluctance : but, while I learn
from all, and value all, I will submit my reason to none
of them, as I submit to the inspired revelation. I demand
the much-abused, much-derided, and much-ridiculed pri-
vilege of the unlimited right of private judgment—that is,
of the right and power, uncontrolled by any human un-
inspired authority whatever, of exercising, as an individual
responsible to God alone, the principles of reasoning on
ail religious matters, and arriving at conclusions which I
believe to be supported by evidence. 1 place reason
where it ought to stand, at the right hand of revelation.
I maintain its inferiority to the Scripture—its submission,
in all cases, to the authority of evidence—and its equality
with all, which,, like itself, is uninspired. Bold as this
assumption is, it is the only true mode of reconciling all
discrepancies.—Rev. Dr. Townsend.
SAM SLICK'S DESCRIPTION OF A MACKEREL FISHERY.
—Well, when our friends the mackerel strike' in towards
the shore, and travel round the province to the northward,
the whole coasting population is on the stir too. Perhaps
there never was seen, under the Ides- ed light of the sun,
anything like the everlasting numbcr of mackerel in one
shoal on our sea-coast. Millions is too little a word for
it ; acres of them is too small a term to give a right nct-
tion ; miles of them, perhaps, is more like the thing ; and
when they rise to the surface, it's a solid body of fish you
sail through. It's a beautiful sight to see them come
tumbling into a harbour, head over tail, and tail over
head, jumping and thumping, sputtering and fluttering,
lashing and thrashing, with a gurgling kind of sound, as
much as to say, " Here we are, my hearties ! How are
you off for salt ? Is your barrels all ready ?—because we
are.. So bear a hand, and out with your nets, as we are
off to the next harbour to-morrow, and don't wait for
such lazy fellows as you be." Well, when they come in
shoals that way, the fishermen come in swarms, too. Oh,
it beats all natur—that's a fact ! Did you ever stand on a
beach, Miss, or on a pasture, that's on a river, or on a
bay, and see a great flock of plover, containing hundreds,
and hundreds, and hundreds of birds, come and light all
at once in one spot, where a minute afore there warn't
one ? Well, that's the way with humans on the fishery-
stations. Take Crow Harbour, now, or Fox Island, or
any of them places, whenever the fish strike in, they are
all crowded right up in a minute, chock full of people
from all parts of these colonies and eastern states of Ame-
rica, in flats and boats, and decked vessels, and shallops
and schooners, and pinks, and sloops, and smacks, and
every kind of small craft.—Fraser's Magazine.
ONE FAITH.—The same truth was implicitly held by
the orthodox, before the errors arose, as was held and ex-
plicitly professed by them after the errors were refuted ;
and, although controversy may render the articles of our
faith more clear to the understanding, and may teach us
to use more guarded, more precise language, so as to pre-
vent misunderstanding by others of the doctrines which
the Church holds, yet nothing is added thereby : the faith
is one and the sabre, as the Church is one, from the first
century to the last. The Nicene and Athanasian creeds,
which were successively framed by the orthodox to meet
the errors of rash and sectarian teachers, did not propound
new articles of faith ; but affirmed, in words selected to
meet the innovations of heretics, the Catholic truths con-
tained in the apostle's creed, and those still shorter for-
mularies, which the primitive Church used, all deduced
from the Scriptures. There is no progression in the sense
of change—none which would imply any addition to, or
all of which rest wholly and exclusively upon the word of
God. The Council of Constantinople, in re-enacting the
Nicene creed with the addition of a few words, confessing
more largely than before to the person and offices of the
Holy
ea reful to
fathers, sat antde
pt
rhoaht
itbliTeyd
,hbe held a
nt h
ee x spar me
ses
faiththe Nicene
t.Nwiasc
canon, any future addition to the creed handed down to
them. The main error in the Church of Rome is its
daring innovation : novelties of various kinds were brought
in from time to time, some to please the people, some to
please the priests, many we know not how ; and being
introduced, however wrongly, however ignorantly, have
been retained and justified. To all these innovations the
Council of Trent gave its deliberate sanction ; and the
Pope, in defiance of the canon of the Council of Con-
stantinople, embodied the most objectionable of these
novelties in twelve new articles which he added to the
Nicene creed—articles which none can possibly rest on
Scripture, or on the faith of the primitive Church, and
which, being peculiarly and vitally important to the Pa-
pacy, Rome would fain regard' as Catholic : therefore, she
has put the Catholic doctrines on the same footing as hese
innovations ; and looks no higher than the Council of
Trent for giving authority and ecclesiastical sanction to all
doctrine.—Church of England Review.
' 'A RUN UPON THE BANK.—Among the many runs upon
the bankwhich have been recorded, the following is perhaps
the most remarkable. The Duc de Choiseul, during the
American war, hazarded a project, which, had it been suc-
cessful, would have injured the credit of the establish-
ment, and, for a period, destroyed the energies of the
nation. Aware of the importance of this corporation to
the state, and that Great Britain owed her success in war
partially to the bank, he conceived the idea of using all
the efforts of Frahce to destroy the power of the company,
trusting that a triumphal close of the contest between the
two countries might be produced. Some millions of
'ivies added to the zeal of the French emissaries, who dis-
covered a period when the bullion was somewhat low, and
spread reports calculated to injure the reputation of the
corporation. Collecting all the notes which they could '
possibly procure, they poured them into the bank, and
carried away the gold with a parade which attracted the
attention it sought. The old cry arose of 'a run upon the
Lank, and in a few hours the whole city wts in motion.
volumes of paper were presented and gold received iu ex-
change. The consternation of the directors was in pro-
portion to the suddenness of the attack. The alarm, far
from being quieted, became every day more general.
Post chaises poured in from the provinces. The applica-
tion for specie became more urgent. There was no mode
of judging to what extent an attempt so unprecedented
and unexpected might be carried. The efforts of the na-
tional enemy seemed prospering, and for some days Eng-
land appeared to he on the brink of the greatest evil which
could happen. Time was necessary to collect specie, and
people were employed day and night to coin money. All
the gold which by any stratagem could be gathered was
brought into the bank. The method of paying by weight
was discontinued; the sums claimed were delivered with
greater deliberation ; and the money placed guinea by
guinea upon the tajle. For nine days this fever conti-
nued, but the method adopted by the directors, with con-
, current circumstances, gave time for the production of a
' large supply of gold. All the demands were met; the
claimants, finding there was no cause for doubt, resumed
their confidence in the bank, and the scheme of the Due
de Choiseul proved ineffectual.—Hint. (if Bank cif England.