The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-06-21 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD

THE NOTTINGHAM CONSTITUTIONAL CLUB:-
61)1j1W11)4S-OF.CLIA.1{LES WILKINS, ESQI

Two very admirable and • powerful speeches, stripping radi-
calism of its last rag,-and expOsing the miserable sophisms up,
en which, the litime, the O'Connell, and the Lord-John-Rus,
sell schools of moral and political philosophy are based, were
delivered at Nottingham, ou•Thursday last, by Mr. Wilkins,
at the fifth Anniversary Dinner of the Constitutional, Club.
established in that town. These speeches have been published
in the fin-in of a pamphlet, at about the cost price of the ty-
pography and paper, and we can assure our readers that amore
splendid pennyworth has but rarely been issued from the press.
We take the following extract from the learned gentleman's

first speech :
",You see me an altered man—you see me a conservative.
In 1830 you saw me a radical reformer! Before proceeding to
explanation, I avow iu the most unequivocal terms that my
sentiments are changed, "in tote ccelo." .1 speak thus explicitly,
because the party whom I have abandoned may remind me of
former protestations and opinions, and may taunt me with the
change. In that Change I exult, -and- thank God that I have
lived long enough to be convinced of error, and that I. possess
couarge enough, at all hazards, to renounce it, (Loud cheers.)
The change to me will be, therefore, no source of reproach; but
the conduct which rendered that change necessary will haunt
me to the day of my death. Thus, then, having declared that
change, I proceed •to state the circumstances which produced
it:—There are many fallacies abroad inimical to the moral ha-
provement of man. One of them is that austract, unqualified
hatred of change of political and religious sentiment. Why, it
appears to me, that the very province of time and experience is
to convince of error ; and if. I kno.w any thing of .the history of
man, his whole life, from his cradle upwards, is an abandon-
ment to-day of the evils of yesterday : why, then, should that
exercise of private judgment, which is praiseworthy in all the
social and diurnal affairs of life, be condemned and denied in
questions of greater moment? Gentlemen, there is no reason
for such denial, but that it suits party purposes. The other
side govern by numbers, and in order to maintain their numer-
ical force, they visit a change of sentiment with persecution,
and treat that as criminal, which is the noblest achievement of
reason—l mean a conviction and abandonment of error.
(Loud cheers.) " Vieere insipiens rester turps est." What a
drivelling idiot is that, who calls upon his grey hairs to attest
his consistency in error!—with his last breath utters his own
condemnation, and dies content with the debasing conscious-
ness that prejudice and obstinacy have preserved entire the
crude, abortive opinions of boyhood! If change be followed by
reproach, I am proud of my badge; I offer no apology for it; 1
exult in it. But my exultation, you will say,-is no proof that my
conversion sprang out of proper motives. True : before you re-
cognise in me a brother„ you have a right—nay, it is-your duty,
to ascertain my sincerity. A love of gain—ambition—vin-
dictiveness—a hundred base motives may. induce desertion.
Can it be said that the love- of gain would induce a young
barrister to abandon the-party Vrho have the -keys nflhe.,
tional treasury, and who never introduce any measure to the.,
-senate; that does not furnish emolument for the heal Cientle-
men, if I do loathe them for one thing more than another, it is
their. unceasing attack upon the integrity of the bar: they,arq,
labouring to. fetter. us with bribes, and cripple us in the bonds
of obligation. Am I, it may be asked, ambitious r No,,gena,
tleinen ; had I been actuated by sordid motives, such .aarAlsesq.,
I should not have abandoned th-e party who have exclusivelV-the •
means of political reward and promotion. CanitiffeAtaid that
I am one of the briefless, and that am seeking briefs,byikulitical
harangues ? I thank God that my success at the bar has out-
stripped my most.sanguine expectations: I believel limy say,
that it is unparalleded. Let not my angry opponents, therefore,
impugn my motives; I never marketted my politico yet; I tryat-
I never shall give to the world such abject proof of, abseuce of
principle. (Cheers.) You must be aware as men of the world,
that this open avowal requires some courage : it will be to ex-
pose myself to the hatred and persecution of that party whom,.
I once espoused—to the unrelenting tyranny of men who
whilst they prate about liberty, practice the most unrelenting
cruelty to any man (no matter how superior in intellect—re-
gardless of his standing in society), who shall be honest andj
bold enqugh to scowl upon their duplicity—whos.e thirst ler!
vengeance on their oppenents cannot be quenched by the flames,
which themselves have raised in the dwelling of their neigh;
bour—and whose hatred cannot be buried in the tomb pf
whose only crime was thinking for himself. For a time these
considerations kept me silent : for three years I had not uttered
a sentence in public on political matters. I knew that sudden
changes always beget suspicion on the one part, and hatred on
the other ; but when it became a question between the King,
the Peers, and the Commons.of Britain.—and Daniel O'Con-
nell, and the ministerd priests of Ireland, I could remain mute
no longer. Gentlemen, the question, as it seems to me,
resolves itself into this :—shall I be the subject of Wil-
liam the Fourth or the slave of Daniel O'Connell ? and
with this impression on my mind I feel it would be criminal to
allow the considerations which so long sealed up my lips any
longer to influence my conduct. The first shock that my poli-
tical creed sustained was in this town. 1 had no statistic know-
ledge but what I had derived from books, and I had read from
such as best suited with my boyish fancy; the writers of the
French Revolution presented just such brilliant sentiments and
splendid sophims as are calculated to entrap the passions and
mislead the judgmentof youth: they are all the productions of
minds much more characterised by perspectiveness than re-
flectiveness; they are rather books of amusement than instruc-
tion, and suit with that meutal indolence and voluptuousness
which set reflection at defiance, and so often lead the self-suf-
ficient stripling to unqualified dogma and crude speculation.
(Hear.) These writers invariably declare that the law which
is to produce general good must be the offspring of the general
will; this is the key-Stone of the arch on which rests the whole
of their theory : remove this, and the whole fabric, beautiful
and fanciful as it is, falls. (Cheers ) For a time I took this
aphorism for granted. I heard of the majesty of the people,
and applauded the sentiment, till echo applauded again ; and it
was not till the blaze on yonder hill dispelled the vapours which
bad hung about my mind, that I discovered that the majesty of
the people was the majesty of passion, of prejudice,. andadtvsi-
cal force—that it was the ruinous sway of the hunery lion-de-
vastating the; forest to assuage the cravings of his voracious
appetite. -(Tremendous cheering.) Every thing that persua-
sion—that ingenuity—that kindness could devise, had beep
urged to disstiade the multitude during the day from acts of
violence, but in vain. This ought to have tauss.ht others as well
as myself, that'hewho calls into being the passion and impulse
of a mob, like Frankenstein, create a minister too hideous to
dwell upon,:tand whein his indiscriminate fury will destroy the
hand`that gave him birth. (Cheers.) That uight; as they
were proceeding to this work of plunder and devastation, I
stepped in between them and the object of their attack; I
remonstrated with them in the kindest language that
suggested itself, and the consequence was, that I was
compelled to tlee for safety to au adjoining house. Since
that time, gentlemen, you have never heard my voice in
Nottingham till now; never shall I. forget the misery, the
horror, the anxiety, that pervaded my mind during the whole
of that night. The reflection that any speeches of mine might
have assisted in provoking that discontent .which afterwards
broke out in such acts of destruction, distracted me, and as you
will readily believe, very much shook my faith in popular virtue
-and judgment. Since then I have had numberless opportunities
of j edging of popular capabilities for legislature; and the only
conclusion at which I codlid arrive has been, that the many are
too uneducated, too prejudiced, too much the slaves of inclination,
for a science which master minds approach with trembling diffi-
dence. I found that the multitude would listen to no one but
the flatterer; that, as of old, that man became their enemy who
told them the truth, if that truth were condemnatory of them-
selves. I could not stoop to obtain their plaudits by playing the
pander, and on several occasions my life has been endangered
by endeavouring to serve them. I have, since 1 first appeared
in the political world (and the first political speech that 1 ever
delivered was in this town,) in the pursuit of legal knowledge,
been compelled to make myself acquainted with the constitu-
tional history of my country. In my progress, I have frequently
despaired of surmounting, the difficulties which the study de-
ncanded, and .then did I discover with shame how flippantly I
had impugned institutions which investigation proved to be ex-
cellent; how frequently I had condemned because I did not
understand. I then perceived that legislation required all the
advantages of Superior intellect, liberal education, and uninter-
rupted attention. I discovered that national liberty was difficult
to define, and that to secure universal good, individual sacrifice
must be great: (Cheers) With these views, then, you will
' not wonder that the sophism of the republican was stripped of
its speciousness, and that I discovered in it one of those marked
fallacies which euphony and an artful selection of terms impose
upon the unthinking as truth."

IRISH CORPORATION BILL.

A petition from James Edward Devereux, of Carigmenan, in
the county of Wexford, Esq., against the ministerial Irish mu-
nicipal corporation hill, was presented to the House of Lords
in May last, by Lord 'Lyndhurst. Mr. Devereux is a staunch
Roman Catholic,—wastne of the five delegates who, on the 3d
of January, 1793, presented the petition of the catholics of Ire-
land to Geo. 111. ; his whole life has been devoted to forward-
ing the real and substantial interests of his catholic brethren ;
his statement, we conceive, ought to have more weight with the
respectable part of the Irish inhabitants of Liverpool than the
opinion of the editor of the Liverpool Chronicle. To prove that
Mr. Devereux has been long considered worthy of the esteem
and confidence of the Roman Catholics of Ireland, it may be
correct to state, that he has repeatedly received the thanks of
the eatholics of the towns of Wexford and New Ross through
their general committee,—the thanks upon several occasions of
the catholics of Ireland, which general committee presented
him with a piece of plate of the 'value of one hundred guineas.
Mr. Devereux expresses his belief that, though he is not an-
thos iced by the catholics of Ireland to present in their name
this petition,
in
that there is,. nevertheless, not one independ-
ent catholic n that country, clergyman or layman, who does.
not coincide in every word which it contains. Mr. Devereux
says that the bill against which he raises his voice is only cal-
culated to place the catholics of Ireland under the absolute do-
minion of au "unprincipled faction, composed of the Irish ca-
tholic members of the House of Commons, who, forming one
head and one body, have, as it were, repudiated all indivi-
duality;" and therefore, he thinks that lie had a right to "con-
sider th act of any one member of that body as the act of the
whole." The bill would, he contends, in the first place, give
all the &Al Vcover to "the !action," and the civil power having
at its disposal the military power under various -circumstances,
it must follow, as a necessary result.; that "faction would enjoy
absolute doininion."
To prove that places where there does not exist a corpora-
tion are not deprived, and -need not be deprived, of self-govern-
went ot municipal government, the petitioner instances the case
of Belfast, a town hourly increasing in wealth and importance,
where all the civic business is performed by municipal boards ;
and, to prove that the absence of corporations dues not prevent
Wide and ilanufactures hum. flourishing in this country, he in-
stances the highly prosperous state of Manchester and ilirming-
ham. The petitioner further notices the fact, that although
at a general election party feelings were of course excited, yet.
when the election was over, that these party feelings subsided;
whereas, in corporations, party feeling was always in action, as
there was not au election for any functionary or petty depen-
dent on thevorporation that did not rouse party feeling, solhat
hate and strife were unceasing. The petitioner says this should
i
be avoided, and nowhere more than .n towns in Ireland, inha-
bited by a merculial population, so easily roused and excited.
The Irish people, he says, would be kept in a state of perma-
nent excitement, for, iu each town, two parties would rinute
diately be found—not a catholic and protestant party—but two
catholic parties, bating one another most cordially; the one the
party of the pretended catholic faction, with its servile tail.
and
the other the party of independent catholics, of all ranks, -which,
of course, the protestants, abhorring hypocrisy, would join.
The petitioner then argues that if the. new corporate system
were allowed, that peace could not long continue, since the
father of the bill had declared " that these corporations are to
be normal schools" (not of peace, but) "of agitation." The
petitioner justly infers from this declaration, that the baneful
fruits of these corporation struggles would be " political strife,
and-hatred, and rancour !"
..We 611. upon the independent Irishmen residing •in the
town of Liverpool to pay attention to what the petitioner states
mould he the ultimate effects that would be produced if the mi-.
nis,erial.proposition were carried into effect. ,
most respectable citizens would, no doubt, ,1)(3 al.tirst .elected to.
office; but •the,t would not long satisfy the incetAdiarY .0 pre-;
tended cathelic• faction formed in those tovnav in coAssciUenCe
4)10,11: °•,_ltS;;ipprAvfliie4.l.%,o#l
-Lau:Lconle,llotu What was Most ito‘.7,le !Mitt tlll-

governable by the facilities which the new system afforded to
the intrigues.of agitators. All the manoeuvres of the dema-
gogues would be aimed at every man in the town who presumed
'to think for himself; respectable citizens would soots be wearied
out by the attacks of the faction—they would renounce all.
functions, and.those functions would be iustautly occupied by
scamps of the pretended catholic faction. Ilayingthus ousted
the worthy out of all authority, they would then trample upon
them at their leisure. The worthy merchant, tradesman, shop-
keeper, mechanic, or labourer, who would have a will of his
own, would be persecuted without mercy, threatened with ex-
clus►ve dealing—with a death's-head and cross-bones, &c., and
compelled to yield to the very dregs of society, so that those
towns would soon become pandemoniums under political de-
moniac rulers; a constant goading opposition would be created,
and it would be sufficient that the virtuous and worthy citizens
of all degrees should pursue one line of conduct to excite vexa-
tious persecution from the other party."
Such, independent Irishmen, is the picture drawn by an Irish
catholic of a very ancient house—by one who for many years
laboured in the catholic cause, whose opinions are not the off-
spring of self-interest or disappointed ambition, and which,
therefore, deserves the serious consideration of such of his
fellow-countrymen as are nut irrevocably bound to O'Connell
and his " faction."

SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND.
The report of the committee of this valuable institution for
the year ending 1835 has just been published. It appears that
the number of pupils in the school on the 31st December, 1834,
amounted to 106, and 24 have been admitted in the subsequent
year, and 25 have quitted it, thus leaving the actual number in
the school at the close of the year 1835 of 105 pupils. The num-
ber admitted into the school from its commencement, January
17th, 1791, up to December, 1835, amounts to 953 persons, 594
being totally, and 359 partially blind, of whom 163 belong to
the parish Of Liverpool, 221 to other parishes in the county of,
Lancaster, and 569 to other parts of the united kingdom, &c.
From the financial statement of the school it appears that the
balance due to Mr. It. W. Houghton, treasurer, amounted 'to
£l9O. 4s. 20. By the blind school chapel account we find that
the amount in the bands of the chapelwardeus on the Ist Jan.,
1835, was £264. Is. 10d. since which time the following sums
have been received :-From collections at the chapel door,
£6BB. 15.64.; from rents of pews, £658. 16s. 9d.; for stock sold,
£lOO. 19s. 74.; for dividend on stock and interest allowed by
the bank, £lO. 9s. 9d., making a total of £1722 9s. 54., out of
which the following sums have been paid, viz :-sundry trades-
men's accounts, £833. 2s. Bd.; salaries to singers. organist,
clerk, sextons, and incidentallexpeuses, £291. 18s. 74.; to the
Rev. Edward Hull, chaplain, £500; for the collection of pew
rents, £23. Os ; leaving a balance in the hands of the chapel-
wardens of £73. 19s. 10d. on the let January of the present year.
From the stock account it will be. found that the following
articles, with their value attached,. have been manufactured in
the institution, viz., hearth u, tea rugs, rug bears, &c. &c.,
£l6l. Is. 64.; baskets, &c., £319. 6s. 31d.; tarred bears,
£33. Os. 101,d.; white bears, £58..185. 10id. • points, gaskets,
&C.; £l4. 2s.;' tarred lobby cloths, £56. 13s. Ad.; witidnw sash
andeurtain line, £90.445. lid.; wove and knit shoes,Ess.lBB.lod;
worsted carpeting, bell cord, &c.. £97. Is. 7,d.; ropes, twine,
&c.,£580'. 7s. 64.; leather shoes, £93. 14s. 74d.; lobby cloths,
£l6, Is 6d. The total amount of these useful articles is
-L1;616.:25. 14d., which hove been sold for £1,839. 15s. 91,1..
leaving a net profit to the iestitutionof no less than £223. 13s. 84.
The balance of stock in hand at the end of the year amounted
to £489. 18s.

THEATRE-ROYAL.
Mr Harley took his benefit at this theatre on Friday, when
.. .
there- wasa.,pretty good attendance.. The first piece selected for
cAtiiifivening iotatheniusical play of "Guy Mannering," Dwai-
liifetWeitipsurybY Mr. Harlgy, in which he was ably supported by
`Mrs' HoneYiirs Julia ManN7ing, who has made her appearance .
- hete' since our last notice,,and the regular corps dromatique.
Mrs. Honey possesses most oflhe requisites of an accomplished
actress. :She appears well acquainted with the business of the
stage—plays with ease and vivacity, chiefly the same round of
characters-with which Madame Vestris has identified herself,
and of whom Mrs. honey is, to a certain extent, an imitator.
She has a good knowledge of musical science, together with a
voice of considerable power and sweetness, over which she has
entire command. She is also a pretty woman. The singing in
Julia Maunerinq was all that could be desired ; and the songs of
" Sing away, sing away," " We'll go no more a roaming,"
and another, incidental to the • play, were encored. . Harley's
' Dominie- Sampson was a tolerable performance. The part of
Lucy Bertram, assigned to Mrs. W.
.11. Bland, was evidently '
too much for her, not that she is unequal to the character in
other circumstances, but that she was so on Friday evening, in
consequence of suffering from ill health, must have been apparent
to the persons present on that occasion. For that reason it is
evident that she is incapacitated from sustaining any leading
part in the drama, and hitherto it must have been painful to
herself while doing so, as it has no doubt been to the feelings of
those who have witnessed her. At the end of the play- Mr.
Barnett introduced a song called the "French Actor." in which
he gave some imitations of Telma and.Tainburni. It.will per-
haps be sufficient to state that. it was called for a second
time. Mr. Harley concluded his engagement by singing a
piece of slip slop trash, neither rhyme nor reason, entitled "A
comic song, written for the occasion by a gentleman of Liver-
pool." The actor made the most of it, and it was repeated by
the desire of some noisy people in the gallery who could hear
very little of what was said, and no doubt thought they were
paying Harley a compliment by calling for its repetition. In
less humourous hands than his it would probably have met with
a different reception. The business of the evening terminated
with the representation of a new musical drama, never acted
here before, and written by Mr. Barnett,' called " The Spirit of
the Rhine." The piece itself possesses uo great merit. It is
one of those ephemeral productions with which we have re-
cently been satiated, and which will scarcely bear repeating.
Mrs. Honey, and Messrs.: Baker and Horncastle had the prin-
cipal part of the business to do. Mrs. Honey sang two or three
it
songs in an admirable manner. Indeed it was well worth the
money paid to witness thew e evening's entertainments to
• -
hear her sing "My beautiful I ine,"which the house was not
satisfied with hearing three times over, but attempted to have
sung
We a
understand Mady is shortly expected to pay us a visit.

• LORD SANDON.
TO TIE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. 1
Sta,--Flaving observed that Lord Sandon's absence from the
committee eet, the, Liverpoul_docks when the. Runcorn exemption
clause was Under consideration, and of which I was indirectly
the cause, has been commented upon, Lbeg, to state in my own
justification, that, feeling .a deep interest in all that regards the
prosperity of Liverpool, I should not have been instrumental in
drawing his lordship a moment flora that, committee, but that,
as chairman of the select committee of eleven, to whom the
Dublin Steam Company's hill was referred, the committee could
not proceed without him. The committee being waiting nearly
an hour for his lordship, I naturally pressed his attendance,
• and, indeed, obtained it very reluctaotly. Under any other
circumstances I should certainly not have asked his lordship to
leave the dock committee when so-important a subject was un-
der consideration; and I trust I may be allowed to say, that
the Dublin Steam Company's bill is one of no small importance,
even to the town of Liverpool.—l am, yours, truly,
C. W. WILLIAMS.

TO THE EDITOR OF LIVERPOOL STANDARD.
S e,—Heresvith you will receive a few extracts from a small
book lately published, called " Remarks on the Progress of
Popery," by the Rev. Edward Bickersteth, rector of Walton,
Herts. He is brother to Lord Langdale, the present Lord
Chancellor, and I earnestly recommend his lordship, and all
self.styled and miscalleUiberals, to read this very interesting
little work, especially UR extracts I have sen
Rt.—Yours, &c.,
A POTESTANT.

Page 6.—" Respecting Great Britain, we have information of
the progress of popery of a painful character. About forty
years since there were but about 30 chapels in Great Britain.
In the year 1835 there were 510: in England 421, and in Scot-
land 89. In that year 11 new ones had been built. In Dover,
and also in Kidderminster, a protestant chapel has been con-
verted into a papal chapel. There are said to be now 700
ecclesiastics in this island, and they have resorted, in several
places, to preaching in the open air. Popish colleges and semi-
naries are multiplying, and these are modern institutions;
there are now 8 popish colleges and 52 seminaries. Monasteries
and nunneries are also beginning. With these efforts are con-
nected several tract societies; they have been very active in
distributing tracts in favour of popery at the doors of meetings
and churches, and at the Scotch Church, near Covent-garden,
at the evening service, they distributed them in the church.
They form schools adapted to attract the children of the poor,
giving public breakfasts and clothing the children, and thus
getting the parents to attend mass. The chief body of reporters
for the public journals are said to be papists. In Scotland there
once were but few Roman catholic families, there are now in
Glasgow alone 30,000 Roman catholics.
"The influence of papists with the government under recent
administrations has been manifested not only by the grant to
Maynooth College and the withholding of grants from the Kil-
dare-place Society, but in aiding the sending out priests abroad,
and in the national system of education now adopted in Ireland.
I am credibly informed that since the year 1815 large sums
have been remitted from the continent to this country and Ire-
land for the purpose of promoting popery; and my informant
put the sum at £400,000, and stated the name of the person to
whom the distribution of it was assigned."
Page 49.—" The removal of the disabilities from papists has
taken the national brand from popery, and given up the legisla-
tive confession of Ootestantism. It has brought the papists
into our legislature, and has so gagged and restrained protestants
that their Months are too much shut as to a frank, open, and full
declaration of theqtpostacy. Whether it be from refinement of
manners, unwillingness to hurt the feelings of others, from infi-
delity, or its daughter liberalism, protestauts have closed their
mouths on popery as antichristian and idolatrous."
Page 50.—" There are -difficulties from without and diffiCulties
from within. Those from without arise from its intimate con-
nexion with the politics of the world. it-iasso interwoven with
state matters That it is difficult to bear tertimony against it
without being suspected of political motives.. Popery wonder-
fully adapts itself' to every kind of government. It can be
monarchical, aristocratic or democratic, despotic or conserva-
tive, liberal or radical, just according as circumstances require
for its advancement in the country where it is situated. In this
oconueuptaryrt,vifii7iewaltittaiecskapnidipaetrtya,evik'iengaraensoutphpoo.sedTthoe Isietadteefeolfidoeg.
Ire-
land dt and
the
p thise.s designsatnvcde respecting
ciriailsertrri
eaealdlsse,od anitlidibtelyti
Lei
7ieeffinshet;
ugbrilltiaiyrsatholyiet: diusslciiih)poiurowirltrutihiiige,,
lsf aotalruls-
oorttuhidrveeiesidrs.
line of act,.
interestedii
affecting onlY'the glory of God and the salvation of"souls which
actuate real christians. Another difficulty is, that sonic of those,
ouce at the greatest distance from popery, have joined with
papists for the overthrow of the established church: I mean our
dissenting brethren. Some of them have so mingled themselves
up with politics as to fancy now that is part of true religion to
overthrow a protestant established church, and that they are
justified in uniting with antichrist for this }impose. While
they charge establishments with bringing the reformation to a
stand, and being the grand centre of the corruption of the reli-
gion, a dissenting deputation will go to a leading papist to soli-
cit his help in promoting what they call religious liberty.
Page 55.—" Our difficulties from papists will most probably
very greatly increase. As the papists increase, they will get
more political power, and they are very subtle to use it. Al-
ready they vera• extensively hamper and restrain the efforts of
true protestants, and, where they can, injure and annoy them.
In I relandwhat a bitter spirit they have manifested in depriving
the protestant. clergy of their legal income." •
Page 56.—" Another advantage is, that the removal of all •
political disabilities from the papist has served to manifest the
real character of popery, and allows us also.to speak with more
openness and freedom than we perhaps ought to do towards a
manacled opponent. One after another of political disadvan-
tages and bands have been removed from popery in this em-
pire; they have had freedom given theism perhaps unprecedented,
not merely in protestant, but in papal countries.: and what has
beet, the effect? Not corresponding returns of gratitude, but
increasing efforts to supplant and overthrow the, religiou of that
country in which they gained those advantages, even though
there be the express oath, do-hereby disclaim, disavow, and
solemnly abjure any intention: to subvert the present church
establishment as settled by law within this realm; and I do so-
lemnly swear that I will never exercise any privilege, to which
I ant or may become entitled,.te, disturb or weaken the pro-
twant religion or protestant government in the united king-
done."