The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-04-02 00:00:00

LIVER THEATRE, CHURCH-STREET,

LAST NIGHT OF THE SEASON BUT ONE.
AIR. RAYMOND'S BENEFIT;FRIDAY, April 2, on
.1.11. which occasion will be performed a New Drama, writ-
ten by a Literary Gentleman of Liverpool, entitled
TUE SERJEANT OF HUSSARS ;
OR, INDIAN HONOUR.
Delany Mr. Raymond. Susan Mrs. Raymond.

After which,

THE NERVOUS MAN Sr THE MAN OF NERVE!
To be followed by a Performance on the celebrated ROCK
HARM ONICON, by the Three Sons of the Proprietor.
Mr. RAYMOND, in the course of the evening, will speak
an occasional Address.
To conclude with a New Farce, never acted here, called

rvaLivc

wiletixr

own or 'dip

country, of the landed, or mercantile and operative, or
whatever other classes, are bound to assist the weak
against the strong—those who have right and reason
—the substantial and enduring interests of the nation
on their side—against mere numbers, who deal in no-
thing but plausible shallowness and ostensible advan-
tages, which would vanish into thin air when the hand
was stretched out to grasp them.

The anti-corn law Radical is a creature with one eye,
and that eye so constructed that he can see nothing
with it but his own selfish interests. If an operative,
he is so besotted as to believe that if bread were re-
duced one half in price, his wages would still continue
the same as they noiv are--that employers would be so
generous and disinterested as to refuse all advantages
from the change themselves, and bestow it altoge-
ther, and without reserve, upon their workpeople !
This is one specimen of the working of that humbug in
which the agitators deal, and of the complete delusion
which they contrive to cast around their dupes. They
never speak of the injury that would be done to the
proprietory and farming classes—nor of those classes
as being the best customer of the shopkeeper, the ma-
nufacturer, and the merchant—never dint at the possi-
bility of a war, nor of the awkward predicament we
might be placed in, if we were to depend entirely on
foreign countries for our daily bread. No; to " hear
the other side" would be apt to agitate and confound
the agitators themselves, and they prudently avoid that
course. Conservatives, however, should not neglect
their duty in this regard. The leaguers have been too
long permitted to deluge the country with their falla-
cies; and if there be little hope of recovering, men so
far gone in absurdity, there is a danger of their in-
volving others in the same vortex with themselves,
which ought to be guarded against.

Mr. Alderman Evans has put forth a paper of con-
siderable length, which he entitles " Observations on
the present State of Municipal Government in Liver-
pool, and its connection with the Dock Estate;" but
it might be called " A Plea for extending the powers
of the Town Council." This essay, we are informed,
was suggested by " intimations that attempts from
without, doubtless under cover of a Liverpool and
mercantile mask, are to be made to effect such changes
in the constitution of the Dock government as will not
only separate it immediately from the influence, but
eventually place it in collision with the Town Council."
And upon these intimations the Alderman has drawn
his pen to prove that such changes should not be made,
and to chew that the municipal authority generally is
in so weak and helpless a state, that it needs an aug-
mentation, not a diminution, of its privileges and pa-
tronage in every conceivable direction.
It would not be possible for us in a single article to
dispose of all the topics introduced in this paper, and
we shall for the present content ourselves by a brief
notice of one or two only. And, first, we would be
glad to suggest to our pensive Alderman, when we
find him, like another Scipio at the ruins of -Carthage,
bewailing the fallen estate of the municipality, that it
is easier to destroy than to build up—much less diffi-
cult to lay an ancient institution prostrate in the dust,
than to restore its former, or anything like its former
imposing aspect or utility. The ancient corporations
were sacrificed to democratic ambition, and were yield-
ed up on the levelling cry of monopoly and excess;
they were broken up to take power, and place, and
authority out of the hands of the few, and distribute
them among the many ;—and now Mr. Alderman
Evans comes forward, the representative—and a very
able and efficient one, we admit—of this triumphant
democracy, to complain that the reformed municipality
is in a most miserably shorn state, and bare of retinue
and patronage nearly as poor King Lear, when he had
given away his kingdom. Such are the triumphs of
democracy, and such the lamentations to which they
lead, within so short a period after the shouts of vic-
tory have ceased to vibrate on our ears !

The Alderman goes back upon the history of the
reformed municipalities, and argues that the fault of
this low and distressing state of things is attributable,
not to the democracy, but to the jealousy of the aris-
tocratic classes. The Tories, we grant, were unwilling
to commit the patronage of the " Church" to the in-
coming party ; but in most other instances where our
author complains of the reduced and impoverished
condition of the municipality, he has to settle accounts
not with the Tories, but with his friends the Whigs,
and that absorbing and centralising ambition of theirs,
by which they have been led to draw so much power,
and by which they are still instigated, if possible, to
draw more, from the provinces to the main citadel in
the metropolis.
But not to dwell on these points at present, we
would pass to the main question at issue, which is—
Are we to admit the plea that the Town Council is too
weak, and ought to be strengthened; and that, as a
small contribution to that end, it should be favoured
with an extensive share in the management of the
docks and new warehouses ? The Alderman attri-
butes the unwillingness to concede increased powers
to the municipality, generally, as we have remarked,
to what he calls aristocratic jealousy; and he endea-
vours to meet this feeling by contending that increas-
ing the patronage would not be increasing the political
influence of the municipal body, but rather the re-
verse*but he is completely mistaken on both points;
indeed, the fundamental error on which all his reason-
ing is built lies here. The contest is one between

SOUND CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLE AND ITS
OPPOSITE ; and not merely one, as the Aldermah
supposes, between aristocracy and democracy. The
objection is not to give adequate support and power
to the municipality, but to give them to men whose
principles we do not approve of. This is the turning
point in the controversy ; and we tell the Alderman
that, until either he and many of his associates in the
Council very much improve in their doctrinal notions,
or until their places are supplied by better men, the
same jealousy of municipal ascendancy that now exists
will continue to exist, and leave the local government
in possession of little more than the empty honours of
" Town-hall, mace, and sword of state."

As to the question of comparative fitness as between
the Dock Committee men appointed by the Council
and those elected by the Dock rate-payers, which the
Alderman discusses at great length, we must defer its
consideration to another opportunity. It is, however,
not the primary question ; that is what we have stated;
and while such an obstacle remains, we cannot con-
ceive how too much vigilance can .be exerted to keep
the local government in that very condition of which
Mr. Evans speaks so feelingly. It is only natural and

reasonable that men.should withhold power from those
of whose principles they do not approve. It is quite
right that they should do so. The Whigs formerly
attempted to separate the Dock estates from the "old"
Corporation ; and why ? Because the Corporation
was Tory. And we do not blame the attempt; it was
quite consistent in itself. Well, that order of things
is exactly reversed ; and why now should Whigs blame
Conservatives for practising the lesson themselves have
taught ? Let us have a Conservative Council, and we
shall be found more tractable ! We like plain speak-
ing—and thus it is. Let us, we say, have a Council
of good Conservatives,—of men who will support
Church and State in a fair, above-board fashion—men
who will show no favour to Popery, Papists, or Revo-
lutionists ;—and as we conceive there would be no
danger, so we shall be not unwilling to entrust such
men with the most ample powers ; but whilst the
present regime continues, it is only prudent to perse-
vere in an opposite course. Mr. Evans speaks of
jealousy of the Council, as if it were only souse vague
feeling of " aristocracy" against " democracy"—and
talks of an aristocracy actuated by views " inimical to
the independence and political consequence of the
town"; but this is altogether an hallucinatim of his
own brain. There is no such thing in existence. Those
who are averse to confirming a 'Whig ascendancy in
the Council, are just as careful for " the independence
and political consequence of the town" as Mr. Evans
or any of his friends; but they feel that the time is
not yet come when the wounds and injuries inflicted
by
,the reform bill and reformers can be thoroughly
healed; but they look forward to it, and confidently
believe that though it tarry, it will come at last.
As to the Alderman's argument that patronage has
hisno twe n
odresnhciyp t
roe
sc
10l ny s olid
musatt e t
e thel p
lt
haotwsetro
story yft theo
the Council,m a
rines" ; for our part we entirely discredit it.

We shall hazard a few further remarks at another
Opportunity, but we cannot forbear noticing the man-

npr in which the Dock Warehouse Atli pr,?..zzield fpr-
ward, We understand that the Chairman of the
Parliamentary Committee has been desired to sit to-
morrow (a most unusual proceeding); and we there-
fore advise all who are interested in the subject to be
on the alert.

How happens it, we may ask, that a change of trust
is now never hinted at ? The letter of Lord Sandon,
which forms the basis of the present bill, expressly
urged this stipulation as a sine qua non. Let our mer-
chants lose no time in demanding this, for we are in-
formed that the bill will be in committee THIS DAY.
We speak advisedly when we say, that a fair repre-
sentation on the subject will obtain such a reasonable
request. The docks will never be worked well so long
as the Corporation clique have such a preponderance
in the trust; and this evil will be increased tenfold
when the working of the warehouses is added.

We agree in the opinion expressed by Sir Robert
Peel, a short time since, that if a war were to break
out, England would want neither soldiers nor sailors
to join her standard in Ireland, notwithstanding the
dark insinuations of Mr. Daniel O'Connell to a con-
trary effect.

We assent to this statement, but without compro-
mising our opinion touching that disloyalty and
treachery of which, we believe, the said O'Connell is
truly the organ.

We believe that a plentiful enlistment might be car-
ried on in Ireland—not because Papists are more loyal
than O'Connell represents them to be, but because
there is a numerous Protestant population in the coun-
try whom we are too apt to overlook; and because there
is a mass of persons whom the influence of neither
demagogue nor priest can reach. From such classes
a numerous army might be easily raised, but it would
be raised, be it observed, not with the good will or ap-
probation of the priestly party, but in spite of it—not
with their consent or sufferance, but in direct oppo-
sition-to it. So far as Sir R. Peel's statement can be
regarded as in express contradiction to Mr. O'Con-
nell, we confess it does not meet with the assent of our
judgment; for, in this sense, it would imply that
O'Connell had libelled his co-religionists, and that
they were far sounder and more loyal men than he
had represented them. But on that point we consider
O'Connell a better judge than Sir. R. Peel. Surely he
must know his own people best, and he says that the
Papists would not fight for England if there were a
war, unless they obtained their own terms. This piece
of information, given by O'Connell in the House of
Commons, gains confirmation from a speech made by
his well-known aid-de-camp, Mr. Steele, at a meeting
of the Popish Association held in Dublin on the 22nd
ult., who, we learn, after a lengthened speech, in allu-
sion to the present position of England with regard to
foreign powers, said that—
" As the head pacificator of Ireland, he felt bound to ex-
press his opinion as to the part which he thought the people
of Ireland should take, if called on to enlist in the British
service. He would say that they (the people of Ireland),
while they acted peaceably and legally towards England,
should also act peaceably iowards the enemies of England.
(Cheers.) He should give it as his opinion that no Irishman
should enlist in the British army. That the man who did so,
while such injustice bad been done to his country; should be
let go forth without the tears or farewell of his family and
friends, without the prayers of his clergy, and with the male-
diction of his country. Mr. Steele sat down amidst loud
cheering."

These are the sentiments of the fidus Achates of the
pious O'Connell, and he, also, ought surely to know
something of the matter.

O'Connell says the Papists would not fight, and his
bosom friend strenuously advises them to be very
peaceable towards the enemies of England--7and his
advice is received with acclamations of joy. Under
those circumstances we cannot go beyond such emi-
nent authorities ; but while we believe that treason
would do its work, so far as priestly and demagogue
influence could reach, we do believe at the same time
that there would yet be no lack of men in Ireland
to recruit our army for the reason we have already
assigned.
It is the principle of our humane laws that a man
is to be presumed innocent till he is proved to be
guilty—and it is, we think, a fair maxim congenial
with this principle, to give people credit for what they
profess till they give vs some reason for disbelieving
them.

Now, we know of no reason for discrediting Messrs.
Steele and O'Connell when they foretell disloyalty, and
preach it up, however discreditable the fact may be to
themselves, and the morals of Popery. We really
believe them very implicitly when they talk out in this
way ; but feel thankful at the same time, that Popery
is neither so potent nor so universal in Ireland as to
make their predictions and sedition so extremely dan-
gerous as otherwise they would he.
It is a melancholy fact when an English minister is
ignorant where England's real strength lies, and seeks
to fortify her by that which, if a little more powerful,
would be her bane. Strange it is that England still
cherishes a viper in her bosom which no longer dis-
sembles its deadly purpose. What infatuation is here.
Her faithful, her loyal, her devoted subjects in the sis-
ter country,—men whose fidelity no ill-treatment can
shake,—are frowned upon, cast in the shade, and in
every way discouraged; whilst traitors, avowed traitors,
are bad in honour, embraced, favoured, and exalted.
Verily, the " O'Connell compact" is a monstrous
union, and produces a numerous brood, whose fea-
tures are all strongly indicative of the unholy alliance.

WALSALL ELECTION COMMITTEE-DEFEAT OF
THE ANTI-CORN-LAW CONSPIRACY AGAINST
MR. GLADSTONE.

The Coppock conspirators against the return of Mr. Glad-
stone as member for Walsall have been, we are glad to per
ceive, defeated at all points, and that gentleman has been
declared duly elected ; the committee accompanying their
decision, however, with a special report that " considerable
treating had taken place in the borough before and during
the election, although they were unable to connect that
treating with the sitting member or his agent." As it is
possible that some of the " pure" and " liberal" party in
Liverpool may crow unduly over this admission of the com-
mittee, we will briefly refer to the history of the proceedings
upon which it is founded.

Upon the nomination day, and in fact for several days
previous, it is notorious that a system of intimidation and
violence was resorted to by the hired mobs of the anti-corn-
law candidate, with a view of deterring the timid amongst
the constitutional party from exercising their right of voting.
On the nomination day, and on the night previous to the
polling, several attempts were made to carry away the voters
by force, and several were actually carried off. Attacks
were made upon the committee-rooms of Mr. Gladstone,
and upon the houses of his friends; and early on the morn-
ing of the polling day a desperate- effort was made by an
armed mob to break into the " New Inn," an hotel in Wal-
sall, where Mr. Gladstone's committee sate, and where a
considerable number of his supporters had been driven, by
the lawless proceedings of the opposite party, to take refuge.
It was at this inn, and upon the night in question, that
the alleged treating, relied upon by the Coppock conspira-
tors to make out their case, took place. Any one at all
conversant with contested elections would concede, that,
under the circumstances of a body of individuals being
brought together for protection, and kept through the night,
refreshment must be supplied ; and yet it was distinctly
proved that such refreshment was supplied, not only without
the sanction, but contrary to the express orders, of Mr.
Gladstone's agent. The only witness which the petitioners
could produce, to prove even the shadow of a case, was a
fellow who is strongly suspected to have been from the first
a hired agent of the celebrated Mr. Coppock, and who had
succeeded in palming himself upon the credulity of the land-
lord of the inn as an authorised agent of the conservative
party.

The Columbia, Halifax and Boston mail-ship, will start
on the moaning of Sunday next, the 4th instant. At half-
past eight on the morning of that day a steamer will be in
attendance at the Egremont slip, to take off the passengers.

THE PRESIDENT.—This vessel has not yet arrived, and
her delay so much beyond her expected time of arrival, has
naturally excited considerable anxiety. Captain Cole, of the
line-ship Orpheus. which sailed on the Hth ultimo, at noon,
reports that the President sailed two hours before. As,
however, according to all accounts, severe gales have been
prevalent for some weeks on the Atlantic, it is not impro-
bable that in encountering them she became short of coals,
and (as did the Liverpool steam-ship on one occasion) put
into Fayal for a fresh supply of fuel. On the 27th ultimo
the Orpheus passed the Acadia, in lat. 43 deg. 30 min., long.
26,—the wind blowing hard from the W. N. W.

MARINERS' CHURCH YOUNG MEN's SOCIETY.--We
understand that on Sunday morning next a sermon will be
preached in the Mariners' Church, for the benefit of this So-
ciety, which has now been established for some time, and has
been found eminently useful in disseminating sound informs-
tion amongst that much neglected class of our populatio li—
nemen. Since the formation of the society it has distributed
30,000 tracts.

CONCENTRATED CALVES' FEET.—A very capital article
has just made its appearance, bearing this title, by which
excellent and nutricious jelly can be obtained at the rate of
about tenpence per pound, including sugar, wine, and lemons.
We can recommend It to notice.

LOCAL N.E Jr:,l

WALSALL ELECTION.—It will be seen from our parlia-
mentary intelligence, that J. N. Gladstone, Esq., has been
declared by the committee duly elected member for this bo-
rough.

MR. HARWOOD'S ACADEMY.-Mr. Harwood's juvenile
ball took place on Tuesday evening, at the Templars' Hall.
The. room was fashionably and very numerously attended,
and the utmost satisfaction and delight was expressed at the
proficiency displayed by the children. Indeed a prettier or
more interesting sight we have not witnessed for some time.
The pupils do Mr. Harwood great credit, and the highest
encomiums may be passed ❑pon him. Prizes were distri-
buted, which appeared greatly to delight their gainers. We
perceive that the second quarter of this academy commences
to-morrow, and on Easter Monday the evening academy
closes with a ball.

TIIE BRAZILIAN TRADE.—We are glad to observe efforts
are making to obtain a more equitable adjustment of our
fiscal arrangements as regards the importation of Brazil
sugars and coffee into this country for home consumption.
Mr. John B. Moore and Mr. Sandars, from Liverpool, have
been deputed specially upon this subject, and have had in-
terviews with Lord Melbourne, Sir R. Peel, the Chancellor
of the Exchequer, the President of the Board of Trade,
Lord Francis Egerton, and other influential members of
parliament, relating to this important and interesting topic.
It is fearful to contemplate that a trade of such magnitude,
and so important, as that carried on with Brazil, should be
jeopardised for the want of timely and just concessions to
bring the duties down to such a scale as to admit of those
products being admitted for home consumption, which might
be done, and at the same time afford ample protection to our
colonial interests.—London Courier.

THE ASSIZES.—It is probable that the present assizes will
occupy more than the average time. There are several spe-
cial jury cases, though appointments have not as yet
been made in all. Acton v. Blundell stands for Wed-
nesday next, and Davidson v. Sir Thomas Stanley is
appointed for this morning. The latter is a case which ex•
cites great interest in this and the adjoining county of Ches-
ter. It is an action by the Commercial Bank, at Chester,
against Sir Thomas M. Stanley, Bart., on certain bills of
exchange (to the amount of £7,000) drawn in the name of
Sir Thomas by a person named Blundell, who was formerly
his steward, and who was lately sentenced to transportation
for embezzling the property of his master. The question is,
whether Sir Thomas can be rendered liable upon these bills
by showing any authority in Blundell to use his name as
drawer. Sir John Campbell (the Attorney-General) attends
on a special retainer on behalf of the defendant. The case
of Davidson v. M`Gregor is fixed for to-morrow, and that
of Middleton v. Sherburne for Thursday next. Higgins and
another v. Senior is fixed for hearing on Wednesday morn-
ing, and Jones t 4 Kean (a special jury case) for Monday next.
The trial of Anderton, for the murder of John Colter, at
Standish, is ffxed as the first case for this morning. The
Ashton murder is fixed for Monday morning, unless the
counsel for the prosecution object to the arrangement. Mr.
Hector, who has during the present week been committed
for rape, will be tried the first on Tuesday morning.
EXPOSING UNWHOLESOME MEAT FOR SALE.—Yesterday,
at the police-court, William Goulding, who keeps a standing
in St. John's market, was brought before the sitting magis-
trate, at the instance of George Holden, inspector of mar-
kets, for exposing for sale 54 lb. of veal that *as unfit for
human food. The case being proved, Goulding was fined
10s. and costs.

THE INFIRMARY.—We have before us the ninety-second
report of ►he above charity, in connexion with the Lock
Hospital and Lunatic Asylum, and we regret to learn funn
it that the funde of this valuable institution are still inade-
quate to meet the demands upon it. After every exertion,
the treasurer has been compelled to.borrow from the bank-
ers, to meet the Christmas bills, the sum of £359 16s. The
Infirmary expenses alone, we understand, amount to £6,000,
while the subscriptions realise only £3,050, the balance to be
made up from certain sources.

DARING BURGLARY AND ATTEMPT AT MURDER.—On
the morning of Saturday, a daring, and, at the present day,
an almost unheard of burglary and attempt at murder was
committed at Mr. Thomas Shaw's farm, at Padgate, about
two miles from Warrington. Mr. Shaw and the servant-
man slept in one bed, in a chamber on the basement story,
and the housekeeper in the front room up stairs. On Friday
night they all retired to rest, after " making up" the windows
and doors. Shortly before one o'clock they were alarmed by
the barking of the dog inside the house, and the housekeeper
on looking out of the window saw four or five men armed,
and provided with two dark lanterns, similar to those used
by the police, standing outside. They forced open the house
door, and the dog instantly attacked them, but the animal
was soon overpowered. One of the gang then proceeded to
Mr. Shaw's sleeping-room ; directly he entered he was
bravely collared by Clare, and a struggle ensuing between
them, another of the gang struck Clare a heavy blow on the
head with a bludgeon, and be was soon forced to submit to
their mercy. The men had their faces concealed by some
dark covering, but the better to prevent detection, they com-
pelled Clare to get into bed and cover himself over with the
bed-clothes, one of them holding him by the throat until he
was nearly strangled. While this scene was performing
down stairs, the housekeeper opened the upstair window, and
called for assistance. She immediately afterwards received a
severe gun-shot wound on the forehead, and was told by one
of the gang outside that she would be killed if she did not
instantly desist. She then went down stairs, and after break-
ing some of the glass of the window, got outside the building.
She was instantly stopped and rudely attacked by one of the
robbers, who called out to his companions to murder her.
Happily, one relented, and her life was spared. She was,
however, made to force her way back, by the narrow space
in the broken window through which she had escaped from
the house. Four of the gang standing round Mr. Shaw's
bed, afterwards made him deliver up to them thirty-six sove-
reigns, a large silver watch, weighing nearly half a pound,
No. 204, "Simcock, Warrington," maker, and a bottle of
rum. They next very leisurely rummaged the old gentle-
man's papers, and after nailing up the back door, and leaving
for a time one of the gang to guard the front door, took their
departure. They were in the house altogether for upwards
of an hour, and during that time talked together very freely.

SIR WILLIAM BURNETT'S PATENT FOR THE PRESER-
VATION OF TIMBER, CANVAS, CORDAGE, &C.—lt is not,
perhaps, generally known, (at least in the north of England)
that Sir Wm. Burnett, physician general to the navy, after
having long directed his attention to the preservation of the
ships, sails, and cordage of the royal navy, discovered a che-
micaicompound, which has been found, by repeated and se-
vere tests to be the most efficient for the object required.
This preparation will protect and preserve timber, cordage,
canvas, cotton and woollen, and similar substances from dry-
rot, mildew, moth, and premature decay, whether arising
from; damp, want of circulation of air, or exposure to wea-
ther or sea-water. It may also be remarked that it has a
powerful effect in preventing the oxydation of metals, when
in contact with the prepared timber. Salt water, in place of
neutralising, increases its efficiency; canvas, cordage, cloth,
&c, derive a great increase of strength by being prepared with
it, and will resist combustion in proportion to the strength of
the solution used. The terms for granting licences to use
the preparation are extremely moderate, and many noblemen
and gentlemen, steam companies, and public boards have
availed themselves of the advantages of the patent. Mr.
Jackson, the secretary to the association for carrying the ob-
jects of the patent into effect, who has recently visited Li-
verpool, yesterday politely showed us a number of specimens
of canvas, cordage, and woollen cloth, which had been pre-
pared according to the patent, and which, with counterparts
unprepared, had been exposed to the prolonged action of
damp, or had been immersed for months in water. One
piece of canvas half prepared and half not, and which had
been deposited for three months in a very damp cellar, in a
remarkable manner showed the preservative effects of the
preparation. The counter-part unprepared, was quite rotten
and discoloured. The other part had retained its colour,
and was as strong as ever. Several other pieces were also
shown even more remarkably decayed where unprepared, and
entirely preserved where saturated with the compound. We
also noticed a piece of drugget, the prepared part of which,
after being long exposed to damp was quite fresh and strong,
while the other part had become reduced to tinder and
fringes. A piece- of prepared line or small rope was produced,
which, after being long deposited in a garden was as fresh as
ever : the unprepared counterpart placed along with it was
rotten and covered with fringe, as if it were dusted with
mustard. One of the most extraordinary effects of the pre-
paration is, that timber prepared with it not only resists dry-
rot, but when exposed to fire will not blaze. In the timbers
of vessels, as well as of buildings, this must be a great advan-
tage in cases of fire. Two pieces of common lathwood were
produced, one impregnated with the solution, and the other
unprepared. They were put in the fire ; the latter blazed up
and burned rapidly ; the other emitted neither smoke nor
flame, and was comparatively very slow in combustion. The
timber to be saturated does not require to be long seasoned,
as the solution has the effect of neutralising the sap, and giv-
ing strength and hardness to the fibre. The effect of the
preparation when applied to iron, in preventing corrosion, is
we are informed, equally extraordinary. A piece of iron,
prepared with the solution, suspended in water for many
months, was found not to have oxydized or lost any percep-
tible weight. A similar piece, unprepared, and similarly im-
mersed, made a large deposit by corrosion, and lost much in
bulk.

THE NEW POOR-LA.w.—A numerous and highly-respect-
able meeting of the inhabitants of Newton-in-Makerfield,
was held at the Horse and Jockey, on Thursday, the 25th
instant, for the purpose of petitioning the legislature against
this obnoxious law, when resolutions were passed, shewing—
that previous to the introduction of the new poor-law, the
poor of this township had been managed by a select vestry
and its own overseer, in times of great difficulty and distress,
with economy and satisfaction; that the rate-payers are de-
graded, in not being allowed to manage their own parochial
affairs, and to have the control of their own funds ; that they
are at all times the best judges of the state of their own poor,
and the fit test to distribute relief to them ; that it is cruel in
casting the whole burden on the female to maintain her off-
spring, while the seducer of her innocence is allowed to es-
cape with impunity, and infanticide, it is to be feared, is
sometimes the dreadful consequence ; that there is not that
distinction made under the new law between the meritorious
poor and the idle and profligate which ought to exist ; that it
is attended with considerably more expense, while the poor
are no better relieved ; that the system of centralisation is
abhorrent to their feelings as Englishmen ; that boards of
guardians are a powerless body, and only a piece of ma-
chinery in the hands of the poor-law commissioners, with
j..ist power enough to sign orders upon the several overseers
for the payment of more money into the hands of the trea-
surer of the union ; that the continuance of the new poor-
law, and the power of the poor-law commissioners, is dan-
gerous, inasmuch as it will make people disaffected, it will
alienate and destroy all those best feelings which harmonise
society, and break asunder one great link in that chain which
unites the poor and the rich together; that the system of
centralisation which it aims at, when its machinery is com-
pleted, may become one of the most tremendous political en-
gines that man ever contemplated to look upon, and may, in
the hands of a wicked and profligate minister, be used to de-
stroy every valuable institution. In accordance with the
above, petitions to both houses of Parliament were agreed
upon, the one to the Commons, to be forwarded to Lord
Francis Egerton ; and the other to the House of Lords, to
his Grace the Bishop of Exeter.—Also, at the same meeting,
resolutions condemnatory of the county constabulary were
unanimously passed, spewing—that it is the opinion of this
meeting that the rural police are uncalled for in this town-
ship, inasmuch as for a long period before their introduction
Newton was ever known to be peaceful and orderly; that the
expense incurred by the establishment is a grievous tax upon
the industry of the inhabitants, and that it is with abhor-
rence they witness so many cases brought before the magis-
trates of a frivolous and vexatious nature—brought forward
by a body of men whose services are not required, and ob-
noxious to the community at large, because by their many
acts of paltry and unconstitutional interfe;ynce with the
liberty of the subject they stand more in the light of common
informers than any other ; that it demands their most stre-
nuous exertions, by every legitimate power, to free the coun-
try from an impost so burthensome and intolerable.
EMIGRATION.—There are now thirty vessels in the Lon-
don and St. Katharine docks fitting out to convey'emigrants
to Sydney, Hobart Town, Canada, New York, and to the
infant colony of New Zealand, which are to sail during the
present month, and they will carry out in all about 50,000
passengers. The tide of emigration seems to be setting in
for New Zealand, and the ships bound to that colony take
out bricks as ballast, which fetch large prices in the colony.
One ship in the London dock contains 6,000 bricks, and
will, besides, take out the material of a house for one of the
officials lately appointed by government to manage affairs in
New Zealand. The house can be put together in twenty-four
hours. In a few months there will be many houses in the
Bay of Islands built of English bricks.

LITE RI-

A Statistical Account of the County Palatine of Lancaster.
By Edwin Butterworth. London : Longman and Co.
Liverpool: Wareing Webb.
This work contains, within a comparatively small com-
pass, a large body of valuable, and, we add, interesting in-
formation, corrected from original as well as published
sources, and arranged in a clear and comprehensive manner,
and forming a book of reference that cannot fail to be equally
acceptable in the counting-house, the parlour, and the study.
The want of an accurate statistical knowledge by almost all
classes of the places in their own locality, is often lamentably
manifest, and forms indeed a grand omission in general
education. This account of Lancashire is admirably calcu-
lated to supply the deficiency. We learn, from the preface,
that the author was connected with Baines's well-known
history of the county, and being so engaged, peculiarly fitted
him for his present task. lie states that—" solely actuated
by a wish to produce a correct hand-book of the topographi-
cal history of Lancashire, ancient and modern, the utmost
caution has been bestowed by the author in the use of the
stores of local information possessed by and accessible to
him. The writer having a personal knowledge of every
parish in the county, has been enabled by his investigation,
not only to ascertain the authenticity of previously published
information, but to acquire much additional matter, of gene-
ral interest to all who have a regard for county topography."
The work opens with an interesting " Statistical sketch of
Lancashire;" and the towns, parishes, townships, villages,
&c., are afterwards described in alphabetical order, and ap-
parently with great care and accuracy.

Treatise on Physical Education, by Louis Huguenin

London : Simpkin, Marshall, and Co

The author of this pamphlet is a professor of gymnastics,
in Dublin, and argues his subject with an ardour and ability
that induces an assurance that, through the practice of those
manly exercises which he advocates, he has himself derived
much benefit, and personifies the mens sana in corpore sano.
He fortifies his own views by addacing the opinions of many
distinguished writers, who have devoted their occasional at-
tention to the subject of physical education ; and the dedec-
tion he forms daily experience renders undeniable. The
book, is divided into sections, in which the advantages of
strong bOdily 'exercise, from youth' even to the autumn of
life, in invigorating the body, strengthening the mind, ex-
pelling disease, and inducing cheerfulness and contentment.
We quote at random, as a specimen of our author's reason-
ing, the following passage on the consequences of the neglect
of bodily improvement :
The mischief that has been done in the course of some
centuries bythis perverse mode of education, is inconceivable.
It has been the grand source of bodily inactivity, voluptuous
weakness, effeminacy, a multitude of diseases, and, in short,
an innumerable portion of our sufferings. If we infringe hu-
man laws, still the consequecces of this infringement may be
prevented ; but if we disobey one of the supreme ordinances
of Nature, on which even the durability of our complicated
frame depends, we can neither shun nor diminish Its effects,
and our whole system will feel the shock. And surely the
ordinance, " In the sweat of thy face thou shalt eat bread,"
is as much a law of nature as the addition, that the body
shall return to the dust from which it was made. \\That then
shall we say of a mode of education which forcibly impels us
to disobey this law, by rejecting from its plan the improve-
ments of our body with the habit of corporal exertion, and
leaving these important objects to blind chance ?
The great, and men of learning by profession, have hitherto
been too frequently brouzlit up to have minds stuffed with
knowledge in frail bodies—to be helpless creatures in human
form. Massy palaces have been erected on sandy founda-
tions, and in a few years the edifice bas tumbled clown, or
become incapable of the service expected from it. Had not
intellectual labour been placed to their account, as that la-
bour which nature, the Bible. and sound sense inculcate ;
had they been corporally, as well as mentally improved, men
of great learning would have been more healthy and vigorous,
of more general talents, of ampler practical knowledge, more
happy in their domestic lives, more enterprising, and more
attached to their duties as men. "The man who is obser-
vant of his duty," says the worthy Ehlers, " must be a man
of courage :" and are such to be found among the weak and
infirm ? Rousseau's words—" Strength of body, and strength
of mind ; the reason of a sage, and the vigour of an athlete,"
may sound somewhat like exaggeration on account of the
ancient term employed, yet they exhibit •the most perfect
model of man : and the highest refinement of the mind, with-
out improvement of the body, can never present anything
more than half a. human being.

A mere extract, however, can furnish but a very imperfect
idea of the treatise as a whole, which we have no hesitation
in recommending to the perusal of parents, guardians, and
all on whom devolves the important change of the moral and
physical education of youth. The author has a gymnasium
now open in Cook-street, in this town, under his immediate
superintendence.