The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-07-06 00:00:00

NOTICE.

THE Public are respectfully informed that the Ga.
VERNMENT TAX-OFF removed to BRUNO-
WICK-CHAMBERS, 15, ER-STREET, where any Doct .
ments or informati specting the Taxes may, be had.
The CERTIF ES FOR GAME LICENSES for 1847
be issued a e above Office.

NOTICE TO CREDITORS.
THE CREDITORS of the la..e JOHN M'AVOY,
of St. Paul's Square, Liverpool, Joiner, are requested tir
send in their Accounts to Mr. W. L. Git ..s"9lictior to th•
Executors, Eldon-chambers, Souti -street ; alld all persont
who stand Indebted to the E of the said John M'Avoy, are
required to pay the am of their respective Debts to Mr.
GREENE, to preven proceedings for the recovery of the
same.

THE CORN TRADE AT CONSTANTINOPLE.—According
to S6rtaphore de Marseilles, the corn trade was particu-
larly active at Constantinople. The exportation continue&
on a large scale. Prices were moderate, but the freight
was exorbitant. In the space of three or four days 509
vessels had crossed the Dardanelles, most of which were
proceeding to load grain in the Black Sea harbours. 05
these 400 had been freighted for the purpose. It is im-
possible to form an idea of the immense profit Turkey has
derived from that trade, and the movement appeare&
likely to continue. The crops, moreever, presented the
most luxurious aspect in the provinces of Rumelia and
Anatolia : and should the west of Europe experience
fresh wants, agriculture in Turkey would assume a most
extensive developernent.

THE MAILS. —The Oriental Company's steam-ship
Tagus, Captain Evans, left Southampton at three p.m.
on Saturday last, en route for the Black Sea, taking the
East India and China mails, under charge of Lieutenant
O'Aranda, R.N. to Malta, there to be reshipped in the
Ariel for Alexandria.
The Tagus has taken out 300 tons
of bale goods, and 25 passengers. The Royal West India
mail packet, the Teviot, Captain Rivett, sailed for the
West Indies and the Gulf of Mexico on Friday last, taking
the usual mails, 25 passengers, 2,265 bottles of quicksilver,
value £35,420; £17,000 in specie, and a large general
cargo. The next West India mails may be anticipated
to-morrow, by the steatn-ship Medway. The East India
mails were expected from Malta, by the Achilles, on Sun-
day last. The Jupiter, Capt. Roberts, with the Gibraltar
and Peninsular mails, was expected early yesterday morn-
ing. The Iberia, Capt. Bowen, is to take out the Penin-
sular mails of to-morrow, the 7th instant. The American
from
been the
employed China
the
steam-ship Washington will take out the mails for New
York, &c., on Saturday next, with 140 passengers.
PORTSMOUTH, July 4.—The Vestal, 26, Captain
morning
she a s
Charles
East
India Talbot,
station,
i ved this
whereon
last three years and a half, under the command of Vice-
Admiral Sir William Parker and Rear-Admiral Sir Thos..
Cochrane. She left Hong Kong on the 4th of March,
arrived at the Cape of Good Hope on the 27th of April,
and left on the sth of May, bringing the latest news
from that colony ; passed St. Helena on the 23rd of May,
but did not communicate, neither did she call at Ascen-
sion. She has brought mails from the Cape and squadron
employed on that station. The Vestal has experienced a
very long succession of fine weather, has never had
double-reefed topsails but twice, and did not take in her
royals for 5000 miles. She went up to Spithead under
royals and flying jib this morning in most gallant style,
and shortened sail and furled sails smartly. The ship
appeared to us to be in admirable order, the effects of
excellent discipline and system were everywhere visible.
She saluted the Commander-in-Chief with 17 guns. Mr..
King, late Master Commanding the store-ship Minden at
Hong Kong, has come home passenger in the Vestal.
THE STATE OF PORTUGAL.--So long as a British fleet
shall occupy the Tagus, and a Spanish army garrison Bra-
ganza, and it may be Oporto, there will be outward
quiet. But can this state of things last? No verily.
The fire may be smothered over, but it is not put out ;
and when it bursts forth again, who will undertake to
say that either Lord Palmerston or his successor will be
permitted by France and Spain to extinguish it a second
time ?—Fraser's Mag.

COUNTING A BiLmoN.—What is a billion ? The reply
is very simple :—a million times a million. Tins is quickly
written, and quicker still pronounced. But no man is
able to count it. You count 160 or 170 a minute ; but let
us even suppose that you go as far as 200, then an hour
will produce 12,000 ; a day 288,000 ; and a year, or 365
days, (for every four years you may rest from counting.,
during leap-year,) 105,120,000. Let us suppose, now,.
that Adam, at the beginning of his existence, had begun
to count, had continued to count, and was counting still—
he would not even now, according to the usually supposed
age of our globe, have counted near enough ; for to count
a billion, he would require 9512 years, 34 days, 5 hours,
and 20 minutes, according to the above rule. Now, sup-
posing we were to allow the poor counter twelve hours
daily for rest, eating, and sleeping—he would need 19,024
years, 69 days, 10 hours, and 40 minutes !—American
_Literary Gazette.

JEAN PAUL FREDERICK RICHTER.— The deep and
marked peculiarities of poetic nature were never brought
into fuller exercise than by Richter, in the formation. and
government of his little school. That which is usually to
men of rich endowments a vexing and wearisome em-
ployment, the daily routine of instruction for little
children in the elementa of knowledge, because to him a
source of elevated and ennobling thought. His mode of
instruction was the opposite of that from which he
thought he had himself suffered. In this little school
there was no learning by heart, no committing to me-
mory the thoughts of others, but every child was
expected to use its own powers. His exertions seemed
mainly directed to awaken in the children a repro-
ducing and self-creating power ; all knowledge was,
therefore, the material, out of which they were to form
new combinations. In a word, the whole of his instruc-
tion was directed to create a desire for self-study, and
thus lead his pupils to self-knowledge.—Life of Richter,
in Blackword.
THE LAST SUPPER OF LEONARDI DA VINCI.--ThCFa
is an old, dirty, unpretending building in Milan, once a
convent, afterwards used as a barrack by the French, who
have always assimilated their ideas more to the church mi-
litant than to the church triumphant, and often skewed
their considerate attentions to the monastic order by eas-
ing them of any superfluity they might possess. Within
' this convent is a large room unpromising in appearance,
which yet contains one of those monuments of genius or
inspiration so long appreciated-by an admiring world—the
Last Supper of Leonardi da Vinci. The colours are fast
fading from the wall, and in a few years nothing, perhaps,
will remain but the remembrance of this glorious paint-
ing. Nothing—for although many have been the at-
tempts to reproduce it, and thousands of copies profess to
give a true idea of the original, yet like many other things
they fall far short of their professions. The world will at
length learn that there are a few things which cannot be
copied—which defy imitation, being themselves inimitable.
Such are those great monuments of man's creative power,
which, as they assimilate the creature nearer to the Crea-
tor, so in our imperfect state are few and far between, as
date,
trees in the desert, from whence centuries may te,
and which successive generations may long despair. to
Equal. The colouring of this famous painting has been
often renewed, which circumstance may excite a similar
question to that concerning the celebrated ship Argo, whe-
ther any portion of the original exists. But the expres-
sion of the Saviour's countenance, the lofty majesty of his
brow, the melancholy yet commanding look of Him who
grieved at the treachery of Judas, yet resigned Himself to
His fate, these remain to attest a master hand—a noble
spirit, which derived from the highest sources of inspira-
tion. It might seem as if the artist had caught one gleam
from above, one heavenly glance, and fixed it there, the
material realization of his own inspired thoughts. Suck
is genius, true and immortal. It seeks no meretricious
greatness, no satisfaction except that of having accom-
plished its task, fulfilled its mission. Regardless of inte-
rest, forgetful of the world, it asks not, but commands the
homage of an admiring universe.—Dub. Univ. Magazine.
MANCHESTER.—The social condition of Manchester is
peculiar. The town lies somewhat in circles—like the
lines on the plan of a city. If a series of lines were de-
scribed round the centre, at respective radii of one, two,
and three miles, the innermost circle would include the
mercantile section, and the principal shops ; the second
boundary would enclose the great factories, and the
dwellings of the great mass of workers in them ; the third.
would mark the suburban residencies of the manufac-
turing aristocracy. Unlike every other large city in Eng-
land, Manchester has no West End ; a fact which has a
most important bearing upon the social condition, and do-
mestic character of its principal inhabitants. The reason
of this singular anomaly—which is much felt and re-
gretted by the open air living continentalist than by our-
selves—is, the smoke, which until very recently, was
poured in a poisonous state out of a thousand monster
chimneys, renders the town itself very unhealthy as a
constant habitation ; and the rich have rushed outward is
every direction in search of purer air, and spots where
flowers might grow : hence the suburbs which are all
more or less picturesque, or beautiful, are covered with
splendid villas and noble mansions surrounded with ample
and cultivated gardens. The entrance into the town on
every side is charmingr The dwellings are mostly hand-
some and isolated, like the palatial residences of Rome
under the late Caesars ; but the very fact prevents social
intercourse amongst men so busy that they do not leave
business till late in the evening. People live too far
asunder to visit after the hours of rest; and hence each
family is thrown back upon its own resources for enjoy-
ment. Every domestic circle becomes a little world,
complete within itself ; having few, and requiring none, of
those factitious sources of amusement which the metro-
polis so plentifully supplies. Fewer men keep houses,
hut more men keep homes, there, than in the average of
places. This arrangement was the result of the indiv-
viduality before noticed as characteristic of the fine old
race of Manchester merchants ; the result of it is, that
the domestic virtues flourish, and home-pleasures—music,
reading, conversation—are in theascendant ; many '1143'91- . ,
ities, almost inseparable from wealth, are keeteharklu:sui ''.., . 1.1,.,,
tance, and the hearth is really hallowedky theu Err! ei
.. . , . ,fi
those of whose being it is the true and nat rat. focus.---, i -.
je fi
People's Journal. t - • • - -f... ft.
The marine glue, for caulking ships, is f2,l:PunZ' e ~,,,4
effectual substitute for pitch, especially nut' tliP..ii tieice - .2.'
of a strong sun. A saving, too, of .1.20,9.06 a-ye...pF ...ta, . —1"
cipated from its use. • / . 1 —..-
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