The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-04-20 00:00:00

matter

Governesses, or Modern Education. By Madame Riofrey

London and Paris

We hail the appearance of another number of this well-
written work, which is devoted to the cause of the physical,
moral, and intellectual education of youth, and more parti-
cularly of females. Madame Riofrey is evidently a lady of
strong and well-cultivated mind, and of much experience
and shrewdness in the important art of tuition. In addition
to numerous judicious instructions and suggestions for faci-
litating the labour of conveying instruction to the young i❑
a pleasing and effectual manner, we find throughout her
writings a vein of religion and morality which must always
render them acceptable to all who desire that virtue and the
nobler feelings of the human heart should be more fully de-
veloped in the rising generation of the present day than in
that which has preceded it. Nor is physical education, by
due and vigorous exercise, neglected, but it is inculcated as
not only necessary to bodily health, but to mental serenity
and enjoyment. Some portions of the work are written in
French and Italian, and will be found auxiliary to those who
devote a portion of their time to the study of those elegant
and (in higher life) -almost indispensable languages. There
are some sweet pieces of poetry both in English and French.
We have but room for the following short extract, from an
article " On Moral Feelings" :
The highest moral feelings are to be met with in those
persons, whose intellectual powers have been best directed.
Mental cultivation is necessary to understand the beauties of
morals, as much as mental cultivation is requisite to under-
stand the beauties of art; and one of the great benefits re-
sulting from the moral culture of the mind in early age, is
that the development of moral feeling assists the intelligence
and guides the mind in the choice of objects to which it is
applied. But a serious evil in education is, that governesses
are wanting who can feel and understand the importance of
moral culture; if this work be commenced in very early life,
while the heart is not yet taken with pleasure, the mind still
free from care, and unfettered by prejudices against duty ;
then indeed may good impressions become permanent.
When moral feelings are cultivated in early age, much
good may be effected by instruction, and by making the laws
of God the foundation of education; but if through the ne-
glect of parents, or the inefficiency of governesses, moral
culture has been neglected ; nothing can compensate for this
great error; and though the judgment may be correct, the
conscience can never acquire its full powers.

Scenery and Antiquities of Ireland Illustrated.

Part IV. of this beautiful work is before us. It is printed
uniform with " American Scenery," " Switzerland," " Scot-
land," &c., is illustrated from drawings made expressly for
the work, by W. H. Bartlett, engraved by eminent artists,—
the descriptive department by N. P. Willis, a writer well
known to the literary world by his vivid delineations of re-
markable scenery in various parts of the world. We have
here four beautiful engravings exquisitely drawn and executed,
namely, " Ross Castle," Killarney, " Corraac's Chapel,"
Cashell, a building in the richest Norman style, " the
" Rock of Cashell," topped by a tine castellated ruin, and
" The Interior of Holy Cross Abbey," au early Gothic struc-
ture now the depository of the dead. These are all splendid
as works of art. As pictures we give our decided preference
to " Ross Castle," and " The Rock of Cashell." A con-
siderable portion of the descriptive portion of this number
is (the scenery) being chiefly in Antrim, to original and select
descriptions of that wonder of wonders, the Giant's Cause-
way. The following will suffice as a specimen of the author's
style, and his discrimination in selection :

The guide led us down a slippery and stony road, cut in
the side of the hill which concealed the Causeway from our
view, and, rounding the shoulder of it, we descended to a
small mound, from which we got our first view of the Cause-
way. We were at too great a distance to distinguish any
peculiarity in the view, except the lines of the basaltic pil-
lars, indistinctly marking the face of the cliff, and 1 was na-
turally disappointed at the first glance—but as we descended
to the shore, and approached nearer around the bend of the
bay, it seemed to me that the ruins of some templed and gi-
gantic city, that had been hurled from the sky, were heaped
up before me in a mountain of confused architecture. The
Giant's Causeway, indeed, resembles nothing so much as a
mountain of hewn stones—frustra of noble columns, remnants
of vast porticoes, cast down trom a height into the sea. The
upright and regular pillars in the face of the cliff, give you
an impression that there is a city overwhelmed and buried
behind them, and the disinterred Pompeii itself was not so
like as this to the idea I had formed of Pompeii before visiting
Italy.

Our guide kept on his way to the vast projectiing quay which
descends from the base of these mountain façades into the sea.
To borrow the very correct language of a clever tourist,
" The principal or grand Causeway, consists of an irregular
arrangement of many hundred thousands of columns, formed
of a dark rock nearly as hard as marble. The greater part of
them are of a pentagon figure, but so closely compacted to-
gether, that, though the pillars are perfectly distinct, the
very water which falls upon them will scarcely penetrate be-
tween. There are some of the pillars which have seven, and
a few which have eight sides; a fery also have four, but only
one has been found with three. Not one will be found to
correspond exactly with the other, having sides and angles of
the same dimensions ; while at the same time the sum of
angles of any one of them are found to be equal to four right-
angles—the sides of one corresponding exactly to those of the
others which lie next to it, although otherwise differing com-
pletely in size and form. Each pillar is formed of several
distinct joints, closely articulated into each other, the con-
vex end of the one closely fitting into the concave of the next
—sometimes the concavity, sometimes the convexity being
uppermost. In the entire Causeway it is computed there
are from thirty thousand to forty thousand pillars, the tallest
measuring about thirty-three feet. Among other wonders,
there is also the Giant's Well, a spring of pure fresh water,
forcing its way up between the joints of two of the columns—
the Giant's Chain, the Giant's Bagpipes, the Giant's Theatre,
and the Giant's Organ, the latter a beautiful colonnade of
pillars, one hundred and twenty feet long, so called from its
accurate resemblance to the pipes of au organ."
In the literary portion of the work will be found animated
descriptions, interspersed with legends and traditions, re-
lating to the numerous caves, cliffs, islets, castles, and
extraordinary objects which abound in that northern part of
the west of Ireland.

Illustrations of the Works of Shakspere. Part I. By G

F. Sargent. London : How and Parsons

As stated in the advertisement prefixed, " the design of
the present work is to realize to the senses the scenes, pic-
tures, and associations which Shakspere has presented to the
imagination ;" and, from the specimen before us, we may
anticipate the artist's triumphant success in the completion
of the onerous task he has imposed upon himself. The illus-
trations are line engravings, from original designs, and are
all executed in the finest and most elaborate style of that
delicate art. The present part contains " A Room in Cxsar's
House ;" the " Restoration of the Market-place at Athens
a " View of Sicilly;" '• A Wood near Athens ;" and a " View
of Bangor," in North Wales. The figures and costumes in
the first, as well as the architecture of the apartment, are
minutely delineated, in strict accordance with classical truth.
The " Market-place," also thronged with figures in the
foreground, represents a beautiful and appropriate structur
of the Doric order, the design of which the improvers of our
modern towns would do well to borrow, in erecting similar
structures. The portico, fronted by four fluted columns,
supporting a richly carved entablature and pediment, is ex-
ceedingly beautiful. The " View of Sicilly," from the sea,
with its distant white town on the shore, and the lofty
Mount Etna rising in the back ground, to a point that emits
a train of dusky smoke from the combustion within its womb,
forms a picture that conjures up a variety of historical asso-
ciations, in which the beautiful, the sublime, and the disastrous
are strangely commingled. The " Wood near Athens" is
bold and picturesque, and will remind the Shaksperean of
that delightful production, " A Midsummer Night's Dream."
The last illustration, a " View of the City of Bangor," and
the marine and insular scenery to the west of it, is a fine
picture of that small but romantically situated and antique
city, and, from the point from which it is taken, we should
say, a correct and striking representative.

Fox's Book of Martyrs. Edited by the Rev. John Cum-
ming, M.A. George Virtue, London. Parts 2 and 3.

This work cannot appear in too many editions, and whilst
there is no necessity to offer the slightest recommendation of
the work itself, we are bound to add our meed of praise to
the spirited efforts of the publisher to introduce so important
a publication in such an attractive and economical form.
Each part is embellished with a beautiful steel engraving of
some place or occurrence noticed in the number, and numer-
ous well-executed wood-cuts are interspersed through the
pages, which impart an additional interest to the melancholy
details which crowd upon the reader's attention. The name
of the editor is sufficiently well known amongst the Pro-
testant community to guarantee the most scrupulous fidelity
in the execution of his portion of his duty, and we can speak,
with the greatest confidence, of the care which has evidently
been bestowed upon the typographical and illustrative parts.
In the original edition there is much verboseness and repeti-
tion which may, with the greatest propriety, be omitted,
though we perceive that the judicious editor evidently keeps
before the public gaze the more prominent features of the
history, and nothing is left out which can in any way develope
the disgusting practices of the Papacy, or serve to endear to
the sons of freedom their glorious deliverance from that
galling bondage.

The Churchman's Monthly Review. April, 1841. L. & G
Seely, London.

We have had occasion to speak in terms of the highest
commendation of the preceding numbers of this publication,
and the contents of the part before us only serve to strengthen
the Opinion we had formed of the utility of such a work, from
the character of the numbers which had been previously pub-
lished. The first article is a temperately penned review of that
rexota questio," The Baptismal Regeneration Controversy,"
and the whole tenor of the writer's remarks is earnestly de-
voted to induce his readers to relinquish the question,
as far as possible, as a matter of controversy, and direct it
sedulously into a practical channel. The next notice con-
tains some well-written remarks on the interesting ".Visit of
Captain Gardner to the Indians on the frontiers of Chili."
Another article which is worthy of special attention is, the
justly indignant and well-merited castigation which is in-
flicted upon " The State of the American Union," on account
of the horrors and cruelties which are found to exist in the
United States, where the slave trade is still carried on in
unmitigated severity ; and we have only room to direct at-

tention to some remarks, which if vi
will go far, in our judgment, to settl

has recently sprung up concerning the Paster
which is charged with the singular fault of I
pulous in the distribution of its funds—too,
applying the means which are placed at its (
other contents of the number will abundantly repay an at
Lice perusal.

WOODSIDE FERRO

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPO
Sia,—l shall feel particularly obliged b
attention of the directors of the Woodsic
that their money-takers are the most Mil
rude persons possible. One day last NM
of my stopping to count some change wi
me, the money-taker absolutely pushed
fact, he almost threw me down, and sai
man !" Now if this conduct is permitto
Ferry will be invariably resorted to—whe
verbial—by the public generally, as well
Woodside, April 19111.

ECCLESIASTICAL AND
INTELLIGENCE

PROMOTION S

“VI

Rev. Dr. Reid, to the chair of theecclesiasti
the university of Glasgow, vacant by the death
Mr. M`Turk.

Rev. Howell James, to the rector,
Dorset, vacant by the death of the Rev. (
tron, John Howell, Esq.
Rev. William Evans, 8.C.L., vicar of C‘wintoyddwr
the perpetual curacy of Rhayader, Radnorshire, vacar
the death of the Rev. James Evans ; patron, Archde
Venables.

Rev. Mr. Jenkins, son of the Rev. D. Jenkins, of Pudsey
to the curacy of Batley,. Yorkshire.
Rev. Arthur Fane. curate of Boyton, to the vicarage o
Warminster, void by the resignation of of the Rev. W. Dal
by ; patron, the Bishop of Salisbury.
Rev. John Scurr, to the curacy of Berwick Bassett an,
Highway, Wiltshire.
Rev. Joseph Bosworth, D.D., of Trinity coll., Cambridge
to the vicarage of Waith, Lincolnshire, vacant by the deat
of the Rev. George Grantham ; patron 'William Haigh, Esc,
of Halifax.

Rev. Thomas Riddell, M.A., fellow of
Cambridge, to the vicarage of Kirby Malzear
Yorkshire, vacant by the cession of the Ile,
ton ; patrons, the masters and fellows of
Cambridge.

G. Wad

RAILWAY SIGNALS.—On Saturday last trial
on the London and Birmingham Railway, in presence of
Frederick Smith, of two plans for accornr"-' '
object for efficient railway signals.
Pettitt, for effecting a communication beat
engine-driver ; the other a contrivance to en,
on the line to open a whistle on the engine bls,
upon the chairs which support the rails, and
to the driver in a fog, or under other circums,...
anything be wrong a-head. We understand that both
proved highly satisfactory.
SUPPOSED MURDER AT ISLINGTON.-011 Sand
neighbourhood of the Chalk-road, leading from
bridge to Islington, was a scene of much excitement
after daylight, a policeman on duty, whilst going la:
near the Sutton Arms, observed what at first sight
to be a bundle of cloths, lying in a pond, at t 3
the road, and immediately opposite to the abov
crossed over to the pond, and on looking :
a wooman's bonnet. His suspicions were U.
raising an alarm, severol men, who are in the h
early to attend little plots of garden ground it
came up, and, with their assistance, the body
ably-dressed woman, apparently between 30
age, was taken out of the water. The fac
of the front portion of the deceased's pert
with clay, which had adhered to her on her being tl
having fallen into the pond.
in vain. There• is no doubt the decease,
suffocation, there being a great quantity of mud a.
the mouth. The deceased was then removed to the v.
Islington Church, where the body lies to be identifi.
well as for an inquest. The pond is only three feet ti
and the precise spot where the deceased was taken on
near the centre, so that she could not have walked in, ii
mistake, or fallen in whilst labouring under intoxication ; a,
the surmise which gained the greatest was, that she had bet
brutally maltreated, and then thrown into the water. U.
to last night the body had not been owned.
EXTRAORDINARY DISCOVERY.—The injection of a solu-
tion of chlorure of aluminium into the aeorta or main arterial
trunk of an animal will preserve it fresh for an indefinite pe-
riod, without imparting to it the slightest taste. The chloric
acid of the salt renders the gelatine or decomposable part of
animal matter incapable of decomposition, perhaps by de-
stroying some alcali for which the acid has a greater affinity
than for aluminium. The latter substance, thus deprived of
its acid, becomes an insipid powder. The particulars of this
discovery, by M. Gannal, will be found in the Bulletin of the
French Academy of Sciences for the sitting of March 22, and
in the Literary Gazette report of that meeting. From two
to five pounds of the salt, dissolved in about twice or three
times its weight of water, is sufficient for an ox. Persons
disposed to make experiments on the subject need scarcely be
reminded, that the smaller animals, such as rabbits or cats,
should be employed. Subjects for anatomical dissection
should also ae prepared in this manner. Here is a new field
opened for commerce of a most important description.
Thousands of oxen on the coasts of Spanish America arc
slain for their skins only, the flesh being cast upon the dnng
hill; it may now be preserved and shipped for the We,
India markets as fresh meat. No ship in future need
provided with salt meat. The health of seamen on I
voyages will be preserved, and the comfort of passenge
emigrant ships to Sydney will be materially improved
the application of this important discovery. The '
the Academie des Sciences, on the reading of M. C
memoir, was covered with legs of mutton, fowls, et in
ornne, which had been preserved for many months
new process. The chlorure of aluminium would be
cheap when made on a large scale for commercial purp,.
Correspondent of the Times.
Mr. Edward Hall, a member of the Society of Frient
son of Mr. James Hall, late boroughreeve of Salford, a vet
active supporter of Mr. Brotherton, M.P., and at the sem,
time, as the facts sufficiently indicate, a zealous emissary of
the Anti-Corn Law league, was brought up in custod,
Thursday, by virtue of a warrant issued by Mr. JuS,
Coleridge, upon the finding of a true bill by the grand jury
at the Stafford assizes, for bribery and oche --et pre
tices at the late Walsall election. Mr. Maude,
diary magistrate, P. M. James, and Mr. William Smit,
held the party to bail, himself in £250, and two sureties o,
£lO9 each, to answer the charge at the next Stafford assizes,
where this and several other cases (as it is generally under-
stood) will be brought under the cognizance of a tribunal
somewhat differently constituted to a cornmitte of the House
of Commons.—Standard's Correspondent.
CHURCH-RATE MARTYRS.—TiIe aspirants to church-
rate martyrdom are running quite a race in this town, and
the "snug thing" obtained by John Thorogood, and the in-
cipient notoriety achieved by Mister Baines, have incited a
whole host of small rivals to take the field in the convenient
crusade of Conscience v. Church-rates. On Tuesday last
some twenty of these pocket-conscienced individuals appeared
at the Guildhall,. Weymouth, before Mr. A. W. Hersford
and Mr. W. Bayly, magistrates, to answer to summonses
issued against them by Messrs. Hancock and Robinson, the
churchwardens of St. Mary's Church, for having refused to
pay their respective quotas of church-rate. There was, of
course, a smart muster of radicals and dissenters to encour-
age the embryo martyrs under their sufferings. It was quite
laughable to hear the frivolous and evasive excuses urged on
all sides for the non-payment of the rate. The magistrates,
after hearing the cases, ordered the recusants to pay their
rates, and in default of payment, distress warrants will be
issued.—Dorset Chronicle.

The iirs't was that of

thus give

Railway Time

.nci in a

of a r

r corn
the stip(

SAUSAGES.—X cunning chap was taken before the police
of Philadelphia, and fined five dollars for offering to sell
sausages which he had made out of red flannel and minced
turnips.—American Paper.

TAXING LUXURIES.-The Louisville Advertiser says,
that " the Kentucky House of Representatives have added
to a new tax bill upon carriages and gold watches a proposi-
tion to tax other luxuries, such as whisky, tobacco, and
hemp !' Whiskv and tobacco luxuries! One is an un-

mitigated curse' and the other an intolerable— nnisanc
Hemp a luxury : Why, it is an at ticle of indispensable nec(
city so long as the whisky and tobacco are used."

FILTRATION.—A. system of filtration has been inve
upon a novel and grand scale, by the medium of which
quantity of dirty or discoloured water may be renders
. .

bright as crystal at the rate of hundreds and thousands of
gallons per day. In order to convey sonic notion of the rapi:
and certain effect of this newly-discovered system, the folio
ing experiments may be named, The sweepine,
yard and the cleansing of a coal cellar
these filters, and the water which flowed from it, at the rat,
of six gallons per minute, was as pure and clear as if it hat
been freshly drawn from a spring. On of these filters ha
been lately erected on board the Dreadnought vessel, lying
off Greenwich. This filter supplies pure water for the whole
of the patients on board the vessel. It acts in a double ca-
pacity, that of cistern as well as fitter, for as fast as the water
runs in it is drawn filtered. It only requires cleansing once
every six months, which can be done in less than half an

were cas

hour, without the inconvenience of the filter being taken
away from the vessel. In addition to the above, this filter
will purify oils, wines, spirits, without their sustaining the
least detriment in taste, quality, or colour.—Standard.

REMARKABLE HORSES.—It is not generally known
the gallant charger which bore Lord Sandys upon the
of Waterloo, is still living, and may be seen at this tic
the grounds of his noble owner, at Ombersley, in this co

The horse is evidently on his last legs, as may be supp,
to be the case, after braving the storms of more than thirt
winters. " Copenhagen," the noted steed which carried thi
Duke of Wellington at Waterloo, ti
died a few months ago, anti
we believe now reposes in an honourable sepulchre near
Strathfieldsaye. The following particulars relative to the
fate of the horse which Sir Ralph Abercrombv rode at his
last field in Egypt, and from which the noble soldier fell mor-
tally wounded on that occasion, may not be unacceptable to
our readers. The animal was an Arabian of great beauty,
and in 1822 he was sent to Scotland under the care of one of
the attendants of George the Fourth, then visiting thi,. -
and was there taken in charge by a gentleman who occu,.
a country residence in the county of Ayr. He survived fi
several years, and his death occurred under the following cii
cumstances :—One tine frosty morning, as he was paradin:
the park, a sound as of distant musketry struck upon hi,
ear, and threw him into an attitude expressive of great ex-
citement. The noise in reality proceeded from a " curling
rink" at some distance, the stones employed in that cheerful
winter game often striking upon each other with such force
as to seem like the report of fire-arms. Evidently fancying
that he heard anew the battle sounds of his early days, the
poor creature started off in a frantic state towards the spot
from which the noise proceeded. He leapt at the park gate
but, alas ! his former strength was gone, and he tore hit.
self dreadfully by the spikes which surmounted the ur-
most bar. Nevertheless, he made his way to the ice, •
he reeled and fell. He was brought back to the park, and
treated with the greatest care ; but the injury he had rt:ceivice
was irreparable at his advanced age, and he died soca afte •

. ,
THE CORN LAWS A GUARANTEE AGAINST SCARCITY.—
It is the practice of the French government to keep grana-
ries well stored with corn in the vicinity of all their large
cities, in order to guard against such a scarcity as that which
so potently contributed to effect their first revolution. They
understand perfectly well that in the event of a failure of the
crops in other countries, prohibitory laws, and even popular
risings, would prevent their receiving any supplies from
abroad, and throw them entirely on their own resources ;
they therefore, though at a heavy cost, wisely provide for
such an emergency,. Now, our corn laws afford a precisely
similar safeguard without entailing any expenditure what-
ever of the public revenue ; for mercantile speculation always
keeps an immense supply of grain in the bonded stores, ready
at all times to meet any unwonted demand. Nor is the
be-
nefit of such a provision confined to ourselves alori in the
ne, for i
United States of America, their markets were supplied from
England, and in many instances with wheat and flour
origi-
nally the produce of those very states. It
alluded to that Mr. President Vanwas in the.year
congress, delivered this impressive Buren, in his speech to
the country which depends lesson :—" Unhappy is
ea Vs .' ' upon another for the bread she