The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-02-23 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

Eittraturt.

SECOND EDITION.

POETRY

Standard Office, Six o'lcock,

SONNET.

TO A MAN BORN BLIND AND DEAF

HOUSE OF COMMONS.-LIST MOT.

captive of the night,

si the dread silence; in profoundest cell
!amity may delve, thou and thy sorrows dwell ;
solar lamp, and Education's
vhence the dew that keeps thy heart from blight •
Hope's sweet whisper pierce thy dungeon wall'
in Beauty's ministry, and Glory's call ;
...yre's enchantments ;—Art's serene delight ;
ill all that Genius—Poesy—lets fall
oar-track, beatifying
nectar

[We have received, by extraordinary express,
through the kindness of Mr. Aylward, a copy of
a late edition of the Sun, containing the fol-

lowing important announceme

gOblets pissihee,—Daylight's mirth,—
's witchery;—Yet, in sooth, some gall ;
see'st not Grief's pale cheek, nor canst thou hear
ain appeal from Famine and Despair !
SAML. HUGGINS
18th, 1847.

THE BUDGET.

At ten minutes to six o'clock, the House of Commons
resolved itself into a Committee of Ways and Means.
The CHANCELLOR Of the EXCHEQUER then rose to
make the financial statement for the year, and claimed
the indulgence of the house while he made the statement,
which he would make as short as was consistent with
clearness. It was many years since a Chancellor of
the Exchequer had to report such heavy demands upon
the Exchequer, but those demands were occasioned by

NOTICE

The Oxford Magazine.
ary, poliiiCal, and religious periodical, under this
price only one shilling,) will, it is announced,
-

is stated in the prospectus, "to assert and Vindicate
scant principles and pure scriptural religion ; and to
ve and expose the workings of a party within the
.7.11 and Universities, which is striving, with too much
ss, to make our great public schools, and the or-
ation of the Established Church itself, instruments
e propagation of the most baneful errors." From a
nen of the forthcoming number, it appears to us that
.I.,sign has fallen into most able and zealous hands.

the dearth of food, which was a visitation of Providence.
Thousands of starving persons in Ireland appealed to
this country for sympathy and assistance, and that
he could not refuse. Never, however, had the
finances of the country been so able to bear these

demands. For the first time there bad been no deficiency
bills, and the produce of the revenue had been sufficient
to defray the expenses of the state. In the Customs, the
produce of every article for the last nine months had, with
the exception of articles on which duties had been re-
duced, exceeded the estimate. In the Excise, with the
exception of soap the same had taken place. By
the return of the quarter ending the 13th of February
last, he found an increase of nearly half a million.
The whole produce of Customs and Excise for the last
year was £34,500,070. Of this £5,530,000 was contri-
buted by articles of food, £21,781,000 of drink, and by
tobacco £4,336,000, making £31,653,000 out of the
£34,500,070. This must have diminished in consequence
of the diminution of employment in the manufacturirq
districts. On the 9th of January, there were workir4
full time 25,845 persons ; short time, 11,851; and with.
out work, in consequence of the stoppage of mills, 1,690
On

long extract from an article entitled " Hopes of
4 Revelations from Oxford," principally an able re-
>f Mr. Newman's 90th number of the Tracts for the
v. We have but room for a few quotations,-which
e found elsewhere.

V ARIETIES

"'LASS-STAINING.---The deep ruby red is conferred by
the bright yellow by silver or antimony, deep
by iron, green by iron or copper, blue by cobalt,
by manganese and the various shades of colour
dicious admixture of those metallic preparations
other in originally colourless glass, the same as
des may be produced by adding ordinary pig-
,' upon the palette of the artist, with
rifled colours will never fade
treous relics of Egyptian art.

tiere We

persons ; short time.; 15,862 ; and out of work

The drain of bullion' on 'the Bank had not be

ionrate ; witness th

as might have been expected, the amount being only
£1,200,000 less than it was this time 12 months. The late

Chancellor of the Exchequer had calchlated upon a sur-
plus of £776,000, the actual surplus was £2,846,000, in-
cluding £304,000 paid as duty on the import of foreign
sugar. He now would state what the probable in-
come of the year, from sth April, 1846, to sth April,
1847, would be. Last year the duties on corn produced
£793,000. He could not calculate upon such an amount,
but still be calculated in security. There had been an in-
crease in the importation of butter, cheese, and silk last
year, consequent upon the reduction of duty, and he cal-
culated that this increase would continue, and he assumed
that the probable revenue from customs during the next
year would be £20,000,000. During the present quarter
the increase of customs duties had been £204,000. Up
to January the amount of excise duties had been
£33,988,000, and he reckoned for the ensuing year
an increase of £13,700,000. The increase on the excise
from the beginning of the quarter had been £106,000, and
in Ireland, extending to January, there had been an in-
crease. He contemplated from Stamps a revenue of
£7,500,000, from Taxe5.£4,270,000, from Property-tax
£5,390,000, from the Post-offices £845,000, from Crown
Lands £120,000, from miscel
£427,000 ; making a total

[ti TED A COOK.—Cook did not wait till it had been
how much of the sickness at sea was caused respec-
by bad ships, dirty water, rotten provisions, the
Df ventilation and of lemon juice. He procured,
great difficulties, all that he believed was requisite
health of the men. The experiment, though not
ierimenturn crucis, as applied to any one cause, was
sful. It did not solve a physiological problem, but
d the men's lives. If the general measures for the
of towns announced are proceeded with, they will

abt be as successful as the similar measures intro-
into the navy, and crowned in Cook by the award
Royal Society in the last century. He who raises
lustrious population of this many-citied kingdom
natural standard of health, will confer a greater
than Cook on the country.-,--Report of the Regis-

& STRANGE ANOMALY.—People will, perhaps, urge as
objection to our plans f for the improvement of the
dition of the houses of the poor], the necessary inter-
Ice with the rights of property. But is our respect
be rights of property to be carried so far as to' en-
the public health and security ? The rights of thy
letor are necessarily limited by the rights of society
imit is inscribed upon nearly every page of our law.
also exist for the speculator who lets his
to the workman and indigent ? We impose
is conditions on the sale of commodities ; we con-
`ion, meat of bad quality, putrid
s, and bread below the legal weight ;
confiscate these things, but we punish
By what strange contradiction do the
hideous dens, those infectious holes
least as dangerous as the use of
-notonly remain unpunished,
tinue to enjoy a peculiar protection, and a sort of
- "-ey are exempt from the greater
imposed upon other proprietors.
~ale of arsenic, &c., why do we allow a
d beings to famish by slow poison in the
ne habitations in which they are necessarily
.--Duepitiaux on the Mortality of Brussels.
THE ROMANS SET TO WOMB TO BUILD A CITY.
at circumspection was used in the choice of. a site
ty, and one of the methods adopted previous to the
q of an encampment even, was the institution'of re-
ites, when the livers of the victims sacrificed were
" if they were found diseased, others
tine test, in order to prove whether
ice resulted from accident. If the
lumber of experiments proved healthy, it con-
water and soil were salubrious. When
were built, the next object was the best
_.posing of the area between them ; the streets
out to exclude winds injurious to comfort, and all
and drains were well considered. Their pub-
Aablished in convenient quarters, and
foundations made adequate to hear the weight placed
Laws were established which prevented in-
Is from doing anything which would interfere with
- —;.vment. These were the first and

£52,065,000. The-expenses of the interest of the debt
and the Consolidated Fund would be £30,735,000 ; for the
Army, £6,840,074. The Navy vote would be £7,561,000 ;
the Ordnance vote would be £2,679,127, being an increase
of £135,568 over the vote of last

3es it not

, without hesiti
lulterated liquor

he case o:

which was due, as in t
vote of last year. The residue was owing to an increase
of 1,200 men and to putting the ports in a state of defence.
The miscellaneous votes, exclusive of votes for Ireland.

would be £3,750,000, being an increase of £397,000.
The increase was owing to the expenses of the poor-law
and the prosecution of prisoners, and another portion to
the increase of printing and stationery for the Houses of
Parliament. The whole of the estimates would amount
to £20,851,077, making the whole ordinary expenditure
£51,576,000. He had purposely omitted in his statement
all allusion to the grants for the relief of distress in Ire-
land ; and he would now state what he thought would be
required for the distress to be advanced by the Treasury,
for whatever burden might ultimately be thrown upon the
landlords of Ireland, hitherto they had paid nothing, save
indeed £393,000 of poor-rates. It was not easy to state

ist unwholesome food

Forbid the
wreteheC

precisely what the expenditure required would be. In
four weeks of November the expenditure had been
£383,000, in December £742,000, in January £772,000.
The persons relieved in October were 150,000, in Novem-
ber 285,000, in January 440,000, and in February 571,000.
Up to 20th February there had been issued by the Exche-
quer to Ireland £2,400,000 in November, £2,000.000 of
which had been issued by the Board of Works. The ex-
penditure for the future he expected would not fall be-
low a million a month. He expected to effect, however,
a saving by administering relief through the medium of
the soup kitchen. He expected that many labourers
would be taken from the public works by the work-
ing of the Bill for the Improvement of Lands, but
to work that bill it should be remembered that ad-
ha lvtr rho Tronairry It would be
least until the

137 examined,
ibiected to ti

Ithit

ldings were c

erations.

necessary that relief sl

mstant supply of water for domestic purposes, as
common sewer, which was dis-
whole was under the con-
)fficers." With the ex-

next harvest, and for some short period after the
harvest, advances would be necessary. Taking all
these circumstances into consideration, he could
not estimate the advances to be made to Ireland under
£8,000,000, which, including the £2,000,000, advanced

ement of

;e of the refuse into the Tiber, this

system well worthy of imitation.—Eridence of Ed-
Cresy, Esq., before the Health of Town' Com-

since August, would amount, to £10,000,000. Now, if
the 16,000,000 proposed by the Noble Lord had been
advanced to railroads, he did not think it would be possi-
ble to have secured one farthing of this £10,000,000, and
therefore he was rejoiced to see the majority by which that
measure had been rejected. Under these circumstances,

ALTER. SCOTT ANT* HIS GRANDMOTHER.—With his
imagination, and strong passion for the marvellous,
Rot to be altogether wondered at, if Mr. Barham him-
appeared a little disposed to give credence to the ex-
re of things undreamed of in our philosophy. He
ed at times to endeavour to persuade himself into
lity, much in the way that some people strive to
t themselves of a bodily ailment. • He loved, as it
to lull reason to sleep for awhile, and leave' an un-
ipted field for the wildest vagaries of fancy. Un-
- Lady Cork, whose enjoyment of "her murders"
he never lost his relish for a " good ghost
nothing delighted him more than to listen to one
" true histories," properly fitted with the regular
Lement of names, dates, and locale, attested by " liv-
itnesses of unblemished reputation," and hedged in
sides by circumstantial evidence of the most 'neon-
tible natu• e ; one, in short, of those logical cut de
which afford no exit, but by unceremoniously kick-
awn the opposing barrier. It was Sir Walter Scott,
Ylieve, who was thus driven to extricate himself from
roar dilemma, when, on being asked " how he ac-
ed" for some strange tale he had related, on no less
yrity than that of his own grandmother, he was
d to reply, after some deliberation, " Aiblins my
imither was an awfu' leear."—Memoir of the Rev.
4". Barham (" Thomas Ingoldsby"), in the third se-
' the Ingoldsby Legends. _

ket to

it was manifest he must go into the mar _
The question was, whether he should borrow t

borrow

only a part ; by following the latter course, he would con-
siderably reduce the balance in the Exchequer, from which
source the advances have hitherto been made. This was
a course he was for many reasons unwilling to adopt, and
he therefore thought it more advisable to borrow the
whole rather than put any further pressure on the Bank
of England, or incapacitate the Government from making
advances to the landed proprietors of England and Scot-
land. Besides, the prospects of the next harvest were
uncertain. Hitherto we had been living mainly upon
the produce of other countries of the harvest of
the year 1845. There had been entered for home con-
sumption of 5,388,000 quarters of foreign corn, and he was
confident that up to the harvest 0f1847 we should have an
abundance ; but by that time the produce of 1845 and
1846 would be exhausted, and we should be dependent
upon the produce of the harvest of 1837. The debt would
not be permanent, because a considerable portion was to
be paid out of the property of Ireland.—(A laugh,) The
next question was, whether the loan ought to be accom-
panied by increased taxation. He was unwilling to add
this amount to the debt without taking means for its
extinction, but he thought that during the present year it
would be unfortunate to attempt any change in taxa-
tion. The present year was an exception to all others.
If we had a good harvest there would be no necessity for
further advances : if it should be bad, it would be neces-
sary to make a further demand on the country for the
assistance of Ireland ; and therefore he thought it better
to postpone the question of the imposition of additional
taxation. Besides, next year it would be necessary to
deal with the income-tax • and it would be unwise to
attempt to prejudge in what manner parliament—a new
parliament perhaps—might choose to deal with that tax.
He therefore thought it best to leave thci whole question
open till next session. He calculated on a surplus of
£489,000 of ordinary revenue over expenditure. He
calculated he could borrow the £8,000,000 at 34 per cent.,
the 'interest of which would be £280,000 ; but then he
calculated he should have to raise the interest of Exche-
quer-bills. The interest at present was lid. a day, and
he proposed to raise it to 2d., which would amount to
£142,000, giving an increase of interest of £422,000, ma-
king the total ordinary expenditure £51,988,000, leaving
a surplus of £67,000. From Chinese money the next
year he should receive £450,000, but against this he must
place an extending expenditure of £185,000 to cover the
excess of naval expenditure of the year ending sth April
last. The total of income therefore would be £52,515,000 ;
the total of expenditure £52,183,000, leaving a surplus of
£332,000.

decline(

XPERIENCE OF THE bEAF.—There is an article in the
'ish Review on an interesting work called " The Lost
es," in which the instruction of the deaf and dumb
scussed at considerable length. The author of the
c itself is Dr. Kitto, editor of the Pictorial Bible,
having been deaf from the age of twelve years, de-
.

ils his own experiences in society. Amongst the pas-
gm quoted are the following It will surprise many
aders to know that few persons speak in my presence
incerning whose voice I do not receive a very distinct
siiression. That is, I form an idea of that person's voice
r which it becomes to my mind as distinct from the
Aces of others as, I suppose, one voice is distinct from
rather to those who can hear. The impression thus
rrveyed is produced from a cursory, but probably very
!curate observation of the person's general physical con-
itution compared with the action of his mouth and the
lay of his muscles in the act of speaking. I form a
snilar idea concerning the laugh of one person as dis-
nguished from that of another ; and when I have seen a
erson laugh, the idea concerning his voice becomes in my
find a completed and unalterable fact. The impression
has realised would seem to be generally correct. I have
nnetimes tested it, by describing to another the voices of
ersons with whom we were both acquainted ; and I have
cat known an instance in which the impression. described
v me has not been declared to be remarkably accurate.
his faculty must be based upon experiences acquired
sang the days of my hearing, and cannot be realised by
me born deaf, seeing that it is impossible for them to have
try idea of sounds produced by the action of the vocal
Tans, and still less of the peculiarities by which one
wee is distinguished from another."
THE THEOLOGY OF ROME,—What, we ask, is the
beology of Rome, stripped of its accidents and uninaport-
Futaccessories ? Is it not this ?—SALVATION BY MEANS OF
iACRAMENTS, MADE EFFECTUAL BY PRIESTS, WHO ARE
THE PLACE OF GOD TO THE PEOPLE. This most as-
suredly is the substance, the very essence of Romimism ;

[LEFT SPEAKING.]

TATTERSALL S-YESTERDAY.
LIVERPOOL STEEPLE CHASE.
8 to 1 agst Mr. Preston's Brunette (taken freely)
12 to 1 agst Mr. Rowland's Red Lancer.
METROPOLITAN HANDICAP.
20 to 1 agst Mr. Stephenson's Sheraton.
2000 GUINEAS STAKES.
6 to 1 agst Sir R. Pigot's Conyngham.
CHESTER CUP.
22 to 1 agst Mr. Gully's Mendicant
25 to 1 agst Mr. B. Green's The Lamb
25 to 1 agst Hon. S. Herbert's Antler
25 to 1 agst Mr. Mostyn's Camera Obscura
33 to 1 agst Mr. Irwin's Mickey Free
40 to 1 agst Mr. Gratwicke's The Flitch
50 to 1 agst Mr. O'Brien's Bedlam
1000 to 15 agst Mr. Mangle's Golden Bee.
DERBY.
7 to 1 agst Lord Eglinton's Van Tromp.
10 1 Mr. Bowes's Epirote.
12 —1 Mr. Mostyn's Planet.
20 1 Mr. Mostyn's Glentilt.
25 1 Sir R. Pigot's Conyngham.
30 —1 Mr. Irwin's Horn of Chase.
35 1 Lord Caledon's Wanota.
50 1 A. W. Hill's Will-o'-the-Wisp.
OAKS.
16 —1 Lord Eglinton's Nerisia.

NCND THIS, TOO, IS THE SUBSTANCE, THE ESSENCE OF
OXFORD TEACHING. Absolute Regeneration at the
woNT by means of the Priest—pardon for sin at the
ALTAR, by means of bread and wine transformed to Di-
sine Humanity, by the magic of a Priest—this is the es-
sential faith of ROME—this is the faith of OXFORD, ex-
pounded, without reproof, in the earliest Tracts for the
fixes, and now passionately affirmed and perseveringly
taught, by hundreds of the younger Clergy, and diffused
?bough the land by incredible activity in every depart-
ment of literature. If it be so, and who will venture to
ifkeny it ?—may not Rome well hope exultingly in the
*mght of fully subjugating England to her authority ?
That there are many who hold these essential doctrines
Rame, who have not the remotest idea of joining that
.rommunity, is perfectly true ; they have fine distinctions
'caetween the essential doctrines of Rome and some of the
xxrpular opinions and practices in Catholic countries.
They enlarge, too, on the undue authority usurped by the
Bishop of Rome ; they enlarge, too, as might a Turk or
A Jew, on the duty of remaining in the Church in which
tf,,,y were born, and plead the duty of enforcing Catholic
ihretrine and Catholic practices within the Church. Thus
sr find Dr. Hook, venturing to tell his Bishop, that
"the extreme of High Church
exough he fully admits
4,...P.,trine and practice i 8 PoPerY ; he will at the same
'me maintain that this is no reason why that doctrine
Ira practice should be renounced." The audacity rather
than the logic of this declaration might be admired, and
Larne would see little to depress her hopes in the excuses
.of those who would be Romanists outside of Rome, and
1" be preparing the unsuspecting people to receive " all
Raman doctrine ;" thus accomplishing that which ten
Ilid.-ousand of Rome's acutest agents would fail in attempt-
"i2.z —Oxford Magazine.

HOPES OF THE ROMANISTS OF SUBDUING ENGLAND
TO THE ROMAN SEE.—Never since Pope Sixtus V. blessed
the " Invincible" Spanish Armada, and, in the name of
Heaven, denounced certain ruin on heretical England, has
Rome entertained such high hopes of subduing this coun-
try to the obedience of the Roman See as at the present
time. The inikumentality by which this great object is
now sought to Se gained, is, indeed, as different as is the
sixteenth from the nineteenth century. Spain is decrepit,
—worn out by wealth, popery, and France. A vast navy
and infallible artillery cannot now be brought in aid of
the Infallible Church. Apostolic Rome may not now

" Prove her doctrine orthodox,
By Apostolic blows And knocks

I —Oxford lgaia;i2rle

SIGNS OF FAMINE.—The granaries in and about Stock-
ton and Yarm are so loaded with the " staff of life," that
In the Agricultural Gazette of Saturday last, there is many of them are in danger of breaking down, and on
a very important tabular document. It is a statement of Wednesday last the waggons and carts containing grain
the estimated amount, as compared with other years, of and pulse of all descriptions were so numerous in Stock-
corn and other food now remaining in the hands of the ton that the streets were literally blocked up with them.
farmers. Being an abstract of ninety-four separate re- DREADFUL ACCIDENT,-011 Tuesday last, nine per-
turns obtained from practical farmers, in thirty-six Eng- sans left Bideford in the omnibus for Torrington, most of
fish, Scotch, and Welsh counties, it must be presumed to them for the purpose of attending the market at the latter
represent the truth as far as it can be represented by es- place. On passing the quay at Bideford, the horse took
timates. fright, and plunged into the sea, when, dreadful to relate,
The prospect is any thing but gratifying. It shows not eight out of the nine were drowned, the tide being up at
only that farmers hold less than usual of any description the time. The driver of the vehicle was saved.
of food, but that the stock of some is well nigh exhausted, CHINESE SUGAR.—The Sheba from China, was hauled
into the St. Katherine Dock on Thursday, with a cargo
of 600 tons of sugar, the growth of the celestial empire.
It is of a remarkably fine quality, and quite white. it is
packed in bags, each containing 61bs. This is the third
cargo of Chinese sugar which has arrived in the port of
London.

STOCK OF FOOD

and that the quantity of wheat in their hands is compara-
tively small. The editor of the Agricultural Gazette, by
whom the returns in question were abstracted, infers that

the stock of wheat is probably one-fifth or one-sixth less
than usual, and that appearances are against an early har-
vest ; that there is, very little more barley in the country
than will suffice for seed ; that the stocks of oats, beans,
and peas are unusually short ; and that if there are enough
potatoes for seed, it is only because no one desires to plant
the usual quantity.
We have carefully gone through the ninety'-four state,
ments, and we find that in WHEAT twenty-two persons
only speak of an average quantity on hand, four of an un-
usual quantity, and sixty-eight of much diminished stock,
Yet it is of wheat that the most favourable account is
given. If we turn to barley, oats, beans, and peas the
quantity may he stated in the following table :

Above an average
An average
Below an average
Very much below an average
None, or scarcely any, except
for seed . I

14 1
22 4

It must be confessed that this

T a serious state of

things ; and what adds to their unfavourable appearance
is, the very general announcement that turnips are rotting
fast, or are actually gone. It, however;• appears on the
other hand, that hay is unusually plentiful.
The editor of the Agricultural Gazette attaches very
considerable importance to the returns from which the con-
clusions have been drawn. They were prepared by, practical
men, each well known as such in his own district, and, in
most cases, the questions submitted to them were made the
subject of consultation with neighbours equally well-in-
formed.
In Yorkshire,. the Wheat crop is described as less than

0 7
the extent SOW/1, "as usual ;" but the " continued frost
renders opinion as to the present appearance worthless."
In Lancashire, wheat and oats are said to be average
crops; potatoes are described as near the average ; of tur-
nips and other roots few are remaining ' • the present ap-
pearance of the crops is said to be backward and badly.

In Cheshire, the'wheat is destribed as being two-thirds
of the usual average ; of barley, little, if any, is on hand ;
of oats, two-thirds ; of beans, none ; of peas, none ; of
potatoes, " there will probably be plenty of seed here."
Of young wheat there is a full average sown ; but " it has
looked badly of late."

COMPARATIVE MORTALITY BY WAR AND

SICKNESS

(From the 7'opie.)
From these statements it may be concluded that cannon
and balls are comparatively harmless things, and frighten
more people than they hurt, and that military danger,
and its inferential prowess, have been prodigiously over-
rated. A comparison of the registers of mortality will
convince us that a hero, placed in the
.trenches of a be-
leaguered fortress, where he- is exposed for weeks to a
Le, I continued shower of cannon shot, or placed on a field of

tie before the

bravest anC

mostresofute of his enemi

has a much better chance of life, and runs less risk of
premature death, than if he worked in some undrained
street, and slept in a crowded room in Bristol or Liver-
pool. The chance of life was at the
, I Siege of Flushing: . 420 to 1 I Shopkeeping Liver-

1 1
Siege of Antwerio.. 68 to 1 pool l7 to 1
Siege of Badajos .. 54 to 1 Weaving Manchester 17 to 1
Battle of Waterloo 30 to 1 Sawmaking Sheffield 14 to 1

The account of the loss of life in the "trade of war" and
in " peaceful trade " may be stated thus. Assuming a
fair average mortality to be 1 in 50, then in places where
this is exceeded, it follows the excess might have been
diminished or saved. It is now thirty-one years since
the battle of Waterloo was won, and between that time
and this there have, been the following numbers of pre-

ventible deaths over and above the " regular annual
mortality " in the towns specified.

Liverpool
Manchester
Leeds

firming;

Premattire deaths

Total in

99,200
66,030
31,217

Or in four towns, during thirty-one years, 227,850 human
beings have been destroyed whose lives might have been
preserved to their families and the public—a carnage equal
to that of one hundred and three-battles, each as bloody
as that fought at Waterloo. The " game of war, played
by princes," has been a subject of vituperation from Nim-
rod to Bonaparte, but princes and conquerors have not, on
the whole, been the most heartless or most desperate gam-
blers ; their battles have a cessation, and they end in
peace. The real, remorseless, wholesale slaughterers and
destroyers of mankind, whose deadly, work goes on from
year to year and for ever, are men who shiver at the sight
of a naked sword, and shut their eyes when an unloaded
musket is pointed towards them ; who walk about with
pens behind their ears and their hands in their 110/4cm-a

handkerchief to their nose as they pass through die iirW,
pestilential streets that intervene between their villas and
their counting-houses, and-instinctively cross the road to
avoid contact with their contagious-looking townsmen
issuing from courts and alleys. These are the men who

unconcernedly look on thousands of their neighbours at-
tacked by disease, disabled from labour, consignwl to the
workhouse, or prostrated by death, and deposited by
fifties and hundreds in revolting dead-pith ; while in feast-
ing, in jobs of every sort, in building exchanges, court
houses, town halls, and other specious clap-trap unilertak-

ARRIVAL OF JAVA. SUGARS. Two cargoes of Java
sugar, belonging to the Dutch government, have arrived
off the coast ; and one, consisting of 450 tons, bad already
been sold in London, at 335. afloat.. The other cargo still
remains unsold, though an offer of 545. has been made for
it, duty paid. This offer was refused, and the rate of 33s
afloat, was damanded, which. is somewhat higher than 54s
duty-paid, as the landing charges and interest upon the
duty must be added.
LOANS FOR DRAINAGE.—The following were among
the applications for loans under the new drainage act,
which appeared in the London Gazette, of Tuesday last ;
Thomas Clifton, Esq., for lands in the parish of Lytham,.
£25,000 the Earl of Derby, for land in St. Michael's,
£B,OOO ;- do. for Huvton, Prescot, Ormskirk, &c., £13,000 ;
do. for Prestwich, Bury, &c., £10,000; Peter Ainsworth,
Esq., M.P., for land in Bolton and Deane, £lO,OOO.
A CORPORATION INTERLUDE.—The fondness of cor-
porate functionaries for good feeding, generally, has pas-
sed into' a proverb. The Leeds corporation illustrate the
characteristic in a way peculiarly their own, for we are
informed by the Leeds papers, that the council of that
town, during a meeting last week, "adjourned for twenty
minutes, and partook of the hospitality of the mayor,
who had kindly provided turtle soup and sherry, ad
libitum." They returned from the feast to discuss the
state of the Leeds burial ground.
Food rioting has temporarily revived in the north.
Shipping grain- was, as before, the exciting, cause, and
again the women figured as leading instigators.- At Beau-
ly the rioters twice deforced and assaulted the authorities,
, and threw a cart over.the quay, but seventy soldiers from

man were also carried off to Inverness jail. At Bailin-
traid, the mob, principally females, turned back the grain
carts and loosed the offending vessel' from her moorings,
but again the bayonet prevailed. Wick and Thurso have
also had outbreaks, and it is feared that there the civil
arm will require assistance..

squander t

On Tuesday evening, a. respectable man applied at the
Lambeth police-court, ferthe magistrate's advice and as-
sistance to obtain possession of his son, a lad 15 years of
age who had been seduced from home by the widow of a
distinguished officer, recently deceased. She was 60. The
first intimation the parents received of an improper inti-
macy, was by the lad giving up an excellent situation in a
merehant's office. The lady had made him rich presents,
and his parents had discovered that they were going off to
Guernsey, to be married. Mr. Elliott, the magistrate,
said the only course was, to get the lad away, give him a
good flogging, and keep him at home.
DREADFUL SHIPWRECK.—NINE LIVES LOST.—A large
brig, laden with iron, was wrecked on Sunday, at twelve
o'clock, mid-day, on Ihe Nass Sands, and we are sorry to
say that nine lives were lost, one man only saving himself
by shimming. Five bodies are already picked up. It is
a melancholy fact to relate, that the wretched crew were
seen for some hours in the rigging, no assistance being at
hand to save them, and a great sea breaking over them all
the time. The brig, no doubt, will settle down in the
sand and be entirely lost. There was a very thick fog in
the channel, and hence this deplorable disaster.—Dristol
Gazette:
Fifty paupers, (men, women, and children,) belonging

to St. Saviour's
lr'sUnion Workhouse, London, were brought
up, on Tuesday, at the Southwark Police-office, on a
charge of riot and breaking windows. Mr. Cottingham,
the sitting magistrate, said that it was no use committing

them, for he well knew they acted disorderly in order that
they might be sent to prison. He should therefore dis-
miss them. Some time after, they were again brought
up on a similar charge- Finding that leniency failed, the
worthy magistrate tried the other recourse, and committed
them to Brizton Gaol for twenty-one days: At this sen-
tence the unfortunate wretches seemed rejoiced.

enormous amount, which should be held sacred, and ap-
plied to promote improvements that would alleviate and
prevent the havock and destruction made on the lives and

:oil anc

1 the public wealt:

ROBBERY. OF £10,000.-A robbery of no less a sum
than £lO,OOO, in Bank of England notes, was on Tuesday,
about one o'clock, effected in the vicinity of the Royal
Exchange. A clerk in the service of Strahan, Paul, and
Bates, bankers in the Strand, had been collecting in the
course of the,morning at several of the city banks, and
the last place he called at was Deacon's bank, in Birchin-
lane. On leaving, he carelessly deposited his leather case,
containing the above amount in notes, in his coat-pocket,
without a chain or any security being attached to it. It
was raining at the time, and, during the confusion that
existed in that crowded neighbourhood, some of the ex-
pert swell mob gentry managed to extract the case, and
got clear off.. A reward of £5OO is offered for the restitu-
tion of the notes.
ABUNDANCE OF CORN IN THE NORTH OF. ENGLAND.
—Letters from Northumberland, Durham, and parts of
Westmoreland and Cumberland, advise that never were
corn stacks so abundant, and that even, stocks of old
corn (1845) were yet on hand, waiting the highest prices
to be obtained, the limit of which was supposed not to be
then attained. The banks had been liberal in their ad-

fore, were enabled to hold, and, if accommodation were
continued, would be disposed to hold. Such are also the
accounts received from private but accredited sources in
Lincolnshire, and these are the 'principal corn-growing
counties of England, where the farmers are generally
well doing, and the bankers are ready to. assist on occa-
sion. It may be expected, therefore, that corn will be
brought more freely to market now that the bankers will
become rather anxious to recall their advances.

Messrs. o,sler, of London, have just completed a mag-
nificent candelabrum for Ibrahim Pasha. This extraor-
dinary piece of glasswork consists of 500 pieces, is seven-

teen feet in

las been createc

&rural fElfsreilanv.

W. B. Ferrand, Esq., has been appointed a Deputy-
Lieutenant for Yorkshire.

The House of Assembly in Nova Scotia have contri-
buted £lOOO towards the relief of Ireland and Scotland.

The subscriptions in Guernsey for the Irish , amount to
!,000.

Chinese junk is stated to be on her voyage to London
for exhibition as a curiosity.

The late Mr. Byng's estate has been valued for probate
duty at £400,000.

It is most singular that nothing has yet been heard of
the Rev. H. W. Starr, who is supposed to have perished
in some of the defiles of Snowdon.

The Mayor of Leeds has forwarded an invitation to
Count,de Montemolin to visit Leeds on his contemplated
tour through the provinces.

The report about the Emperor of Russia having pro-
hibited the exportation of corn is a Mark Lane fabrica-
tion.

A very large quantity of cocoa nuts have been imported
into, Sunderland, which are selling at the low price of
threepence each.
The wages of the ship carpenters at Sunderland have
been raised from twenty-four to twenty-seven shillings a
week. _ _

Dr. Adler, the chief. Rabbi of the Hebrews, has been
recently introduced to her Majesty. He is about to histi-
tute schools connected with the various congregations of
Jews in Great Britain.

St. VALENTINE'S-DAY.—The grand total of letters
and newspapers, passing through the Post-office on Sa-
turday last stands as follows :—Letters, 422,000 ; news-
papers, 145,000.
The Brummegem twelve shilling guns, says the Tippe-
rary Free Press, are doing se
country

New accounts are daily read of the last expio:

height, and weighs a ton

From a base richly
decorated springs a shaft composed of triangular prisms.
Upon this shaft, at twelve feet six inches,from the ground,
is placed a large dish, from which spring the branches,

and decorated with a solid star. The dish is likewise de-
corated with six pendants two feet long. The work about
the base is on the inner side of the glass, and the conse-
quence is that the smooth side being outwards, the dust
is not easily collected, and cleaning is effected without
trouble. The whole is intended to represent the form of
a Palmyra tree. It is not the least interesting fact con-
nected with this beautiful work of art, that its Construc-
tion has alone been rendered possible by the abolition of
the laws requiring the superintendence of the excise.

PROTESTANTISM AND POPERY ATINOTI.INGHAM.—On
Tuesday last the Protestants of Nottingham held a great
meeting in the Mechanics' Hall, which was crowded in
every part by above 1,500 persons. The Rev. J. W.
Brooks, the worthy vicar of St. Mary's, took the chairs
The Rev. Dr. Cumming, the Rev. R. Blakeney, and
others, addressed the audience at length, and amid much
enthusiasm. A counter meeting was got up in the Ex-
change Rooms to receive the Rev. Dr. Wilson, the Roman
Catholic bishop. The audience amounted to about 200.
It was a strange scene. Mr. Wakefield, a well known
Socinian, and one of the corporation, took the chair; and
Mr. Cripps, the mayor, a dissenter and leading member
of the Independent Chapel, under the ministry of the
Rev. Mr. Gilbart, was seated between the Popish bishop
and a Popish priest, as one of the chief patrons of tlae pro-
Popery festival. While this is going on, these same
liberal Socinians and Independents have refused these
rooms on any terms to -the Reformation Society of Not-
tingham.—Herald.
SURVEYING EXPEDITION TO THE COAST Or AFRICA.—
of
eh
proceedingo one of
Arrangements are in progress for fitting out the Minx and
Teazer steam-vessels, of 100 horses' power. each, and light
draught of water, and two other steam-vessels, the Rifle-
fimtatnedawndithShsarcrepwshowootepre,Bi.:B2, horses'Ofoorthepo wseer each,
pur power
each class built of wood, and the others of iron, and all
to the Bight of Bei in, on the west coast of Africa, to sur-
vey the extensive Laroon at the month. a

a-- ----, ....‘,."...i.i. ~/. Lou .niger ur
Nun river, as it; is named by the Wives of that part of the
coast. The Lagoon is a fresh-water lake, extending from
Cape St. Paul, to Cape Formosa, separated from the sea
by a narrow beach through its whole extent, in some
places the land being scarcely half a, mile broad, and in no
part exceeding two miles. The Lagos, the Benin, the
Foseado, the Esclamo, the Rio Ramus, Nos. 1,2, 3,4, 5,
and 6, the Rio Dodo, the Formosa, and the Rio Nun or
Niger, all. rivers or mouths of. the Niger, some of themo
nearly two miles broad where they enter the Lake Lagoon
in-
tended to explore the banks of the recently-discovered
rlasrtgeeaimnlavieulsserless,etrvhoeirmwm.x. IthanfdreTsheazweal.t,erar;ean
of the rivers entering the lake, and proceed as
upon them as will be found practicable.,
UNWILLINGNESS OF HIGHLAND LABOURERS TO
supplylbflari
ren ulhaetnahsdies
WoßK.—From what we hear from various quarters, the
Highland Destitution Committee will require to exercise
6 very strict vigilance, and to be firm to sternness, if they
are to prevent the money with which they haVe been en-
trusted for the relief of helplessness and want, being con-
verted into an encouragement to idleness and dishonesty.
There is no doubt whatever that a large number of the
Highland labourers employed on railways in the Lowlands
have returned, and are returning homeward, attracted by
the hope of being able to live there without working.
For instance, on ono contract on the Edinburgh and
Northern, near Kirkcaldy, 90 Highland, labourers have
gone home since the end of October, and of these about
50 left during December and January. The manager re-
monstrated with them repeatedly, and, almost invariably
got the same answer—that they would now get " plenty
of porridge" at home for nothing. About forty have also
left another contract in the same district, avowedly on the
same inducements. A short time ago, a contractor on
the same line, suffering from want of hands, made a tour
through parts of Inverness and Argyle, offering employ-
ment to 300 men, at wages varying from 2s. 4d. to 3s. a
day ; and after making every exertion, could only obtain
between thirty and forty,—Scotsman.
Boz's LAST WORK.—It must be a matter of surprise
to the public generally to perceive how varied are the
opinions expressed by the leading newspapers, with re-
spect to Mr. Dickens's last publication. It may .well be
imagined that some adverse criticisms upon the works of
this and other celebrated authors may proceed from per-
sonal feelings or educational prejudices. These, however,
could account for but a few. The majority, as we have
the best medical authority for stating, may' be ascribed to
irritability of temper, generally arising from a deranged
state of the liver and other viscera, and which could easily
be remedied by the occasional use of Frampton's Pill of
Health, which is gentle in its operation and unfaiking in
its effect.

At present, in Great Britain, there is one in 1,585 of
the population deaf and dumb, and one in 1,000 blind ;
that is, the ratio of the blind to the deaf is about that of
8 to 5, and this, be it remembered, when the advantages
of vaccination are very widely diffused and understood.

On Tuesday last, a serious riot occurred at Leicester,
between the police and the civilians, in consequence of the
interference of the former, by order of the magistrates,
with certain sports and diversions practised by a long es-
tablished custem on Shrove Tuesday.
The wonderful patriarch of English tenors, Braham, is
now in London, and is rusticating for a time, after giving
400 concerts in thirty-seven weeks, two each day, and tra-
velling, every morning by railroad, post-stages, &c. He
is in excellent health, strength, and voice.

_
The upper part of an immense dust heap gave way on
Tuesday, at Camden Town, and overwhelmed a number
of persons who were sitting at its base. Some escaped,
others were taken out insensible, and recovered, and one
was taken out dead. _ _

A young woman at Bradford, troubled with epileptic fits,
has swallowed, on the prescription of a quack, a human
skull, powdered and mixed with treacle, in occasional
doses, as a remedy for her disease ! A belief in the effi-
cacy of powdered human skull for fits was formerly very
Common.
GLASS COFFINS.—A patent has just been taken out by
Mr. Parkes, of Peckham, Surrey, for making, coffins of
glass by a mould, or of thick plates of china joined toge-
ther by a durable cement, or of wooden cases lined with
plates of glass, united by a mixture of fused glass and
borax.
THE WHEAT ,DUTIES.—The amount of duty paid on
foreign wheat from the sth July, 1846, to 19th January,
1847, was £72,059 on wheat, and £60,929 on wheat flour,
making a gross sum total of £132,988. Of these duties
£114,964 were received on foreign wheat and wheat flour,
and £18,024 on British colonial wheat and wheat flour.
Alexandre Dumas, the French feuilletoniste' usually
sells his writings by the line, at prices varying from seven-
pence to a shilling. He is said to have been once offered
half-a-crown a line for a novel, but to have refused the
offer on the ground that the man who made it could never
intend to pay him, as the sale of the work could never
replace so great an outlay.
WITCHCRAFT.—At Yarmouth police-court, last week,
a Mrs. Leggett applied for protection against her sister,
who had assaulted and threatened her, because the de-
fendant suspected that complainant had bewitched her
husband, who was never well, though no one could tell
what ailed him. The magistrate endeavoured in vain to
convince the defendant that her sister was not a witch.,

Feb: 23, 1817.

FOREIGN SILVER.—The Antonio, of London, arrived Gray's Inn. He further stated that his father had been
at Newhaven, on Tuesday, with a cargo of silver from in good circumstances, but had become so reduced as to
Callao, stated to be in value near £BO,OOO. It was, on be obliged to send him to sea five months ago, and that
Thursday, removed to Lewes, in three railway vans, each the ship had left him at Exmouth. The worthy clergy-
drawn by four horses, and was thence despatched to Lon- man gave him a shilling, at which the poor boy burst into
don by railway. tears of gratitude ; but the kindness of the former did not
"BANK SNEAKS."—AN OLD HAND.—On Saturday end here, as, seeing the youth so foot-sore and distressed,
last, two men were brought before the Lord Mayor of he gave him a note to his housekeeper at Yatesbitiy,
London, at the Mansion House, under the following cir- desiring her to clothe and keep and feed the bearer until
cumstances :—They had been observed to go into several his return. He told the boy at parting that he would
banking houses in succession, mix amongst the customers inquire into his story, and if he found it to be true, he
at the counter, and come out again without doing any would procure him a situation, or otherwise provide for
business. As they were known to the police as members him. The gentleman did inquire, and found the father
of the " swell mob," they were apprehended, in order to I " lodging on the third floor over a carpenter's shop, and
ascertain whether any person had been robbed. It was in a state of extreme destitution, although he had for-
, stated by the police that their plan was, for one of them merly not only been the owner of the house, but had
to go into bankinghouses andwatch in what pocket parties built a large portion of the street in which it stood. He
deposited their money, and an accomplice waiting in the said that his son George was naturally of a good disposi-
neighbourhood ready to act on the information thus ob- tion, but that he had sent him to sea to keep him from
tained. On the examination of the prisoners, one pro- the contamination of bad company. I told him of my
duced a cheque for £4 ss. which was genuine, and said he intentions towards his son, for which he expressed much
had gone into the banking house to get it cashed ; and it gratitude. I returned to Chippenham early on Saturday
was stated by the officers, that thieves were in the habit morning, and then learnt to my extreme surprise and
of getting these genuine cheques as blinds, so that, in the regret that the poor boy had been found dead." The
event of suspicion, they might produce them, and then poor boy was seen on his road to Yaresbury, but missed
it might be supposed to be a mere mistake their entering his way, and after a variety of sufferings over two days
the wrong bank. The evideiree against them not being and nights (during which he was kindly treated by several
strong enough to warrant their detention, they were dis- parties), his suffering affected his mind, and he was found
charged. Shortly after, a member of the committee of as stated. The kind-hearted rector undertook at his
bankers called at the justice roomy and said that a gentle- expense to inter the body in the churchyarl'at Yateshury
man had been robbed of £lO,OOO after leaving one of the

first banking houses in the city
MATRIMONIAL CORRECTION.—The Times of Friday
says, " It is our duty to acknowledge a compliment we
' hive just received, and to impart to our readers a fact of The Sligo Champion of the Bth instant states the harsome interest concerning a historical fact which has ale rowing fact that in the district of Maugbarrow alone no
ready caused some excitement, and bids fair to occasion fewer than forty dead bodies were kept waiting for the
a little more. In a recent copy of our journal we alluded, coroner. The Galway Mercury also relates. a number of
in speaking of the conquest of Scinde, to the brazen whip instances of death from starvation, and, as regards-one of
them, says—"-The cruelty of the policy sanctioned by
with which Nusser Khan was wont, according to certain
Lord John Russell is found in the melancholy truth, that
legends, to chastise his offending wives, and we hinted our
on Thursday morning last a miserable being was four in
suspicions that fact had as large a share as -fable in the
materials of this edifying narrative. To extinguish our the streets of Tuam, with her infant closely wrapped'to
herbosom ; but, alas ! that infant had fallen a victim to
doubts and confirm our faith, Major-General Napier had not
only the politeness to inform us that the ' identical' whip the fell destroyer which now, in every direction, traverses
was in his possession but he was good enough to despatch it the land."
The accounts from Dingle are to the effect that deaths
across the channel for our inspection, and a gentleman
yesterday did us the honour to call upon us, at the •Gene- and starvation are increasing there, want carrying' off
ral's request, with the veritable Scindian scarifier in all its many, and dysentery, the effect of want, also doing
work. The Kerry Examiner says on the subject_its
unnatural proportions. We regret extremely that our
"
unpictorial• character debars us from conveying to • our Persons are to be seen at all times going about with
readers so vivid an idea of this effective machine as could plates in their hands, collecting money to pay for coffins.
be given by some weekly cotemporaries •, but we can There is not in this world a more-wretched or more desti-
readily enter into the unwillingness of a lady to share the tute locality than this. The starving people go into the
flight of a husband, who included such implements among
tillage fields and re-dig them ; this they do in the open
.
y,, the necessaries of his household. To princes about to,
day, for the chance of finding an old and rotten potato ;
,-
marry, we hope the story will 'furnish a warning as sere u
anThe Mayo can
assure you they labour hard at' this work."
Constitution details the deaths of many
viceable as any in that immense stock of instructive ex- from
disease and hunger during the previous week. Of a
amples supplied by the nuptials of last autumn."
INTREPID CONDUCT OF A YOUTH.,--011 Friday morn-
place called Breffny it is said— In this village there is
ing, between twelve and one o'clock, an express was re-
not a family that does not appear, likely to fall victims to
ceived at the London engine- In all, the names of twenty-four poor creatures stations of the outbreak of a famine."
most destructive fire in the town of Old Brentford, in the who have perished from want in that locality are given,
premises of Mr. Grover, a boot and shoemaker. A youth and twelve more deaths had just been reported. The
mortality in the Cork workhouse, owing to its condition
named George Best, in the service of Mr. O'Hara, butcher,
first discovered the fire, and, owing to his intrepid con- (saYs'the Examiner), had increased 36 over the previous
duct, was the instrument of saving five lives from a hor- week, the deaths last week being 164.
rible death. He succeeded, with the aid of a poleaxe used The county Mayo appears destined to occupy a' black
for killing bullocks, in breaking open the door, when he page in the history of the famine which is desolating Ire-
ascended the staircase, and made for Mr. Grover's bed- land,. The following details are contained 'in one publica-
room, but the smoke had obtained such power over the tion of the Mayo Constitution :
inmates, that they were' perfectly unconscious of what "In-the neighbourhood of Newport, on Sunday morning
was going on, and, in the course of a very few minutes last, a poor man, named Mulloy, was found on• the road
longer they must have been burnt to - death. Best side. His emaciated frame betokened that -his death, was
having laid hold of Mr. Grover's leg, shook him violently, the result of want. He was a native of Burrishoole. On
Friday last a poor man died at Deradda, near Newport, of
and took up a couple of his children in hiS arms and ran
down the stairs with them. Having placed them in safe
actual hunger, leaving a family to follow in rapid slimes-
,
custody, he returned and saved Mrs. Grover-and her hus-
sion. On Saturday, a poor man was also found expiring
band, and a third child was saved in 'a similar way. Not feel- from exhaustion at Rooskeen, and notwithstanding relief
ing then satisfied that all were saved, he returned into the being bro ught, the poor man died, food having- come too
late ! In the neighbourhood of Breaffy-,.near this town,
burning premises for the third time, and inspected every
room not on fire, and being convinced that all the inmates
the following deaths
had already been got out, he was about to run down stairs disease :—Michael M
have occurred from
Enally., of Roeman, . on- the 12th starvation and;
Peter Swords, of Derrinacrisham, on the 12th ; his wife
to escape himself, when a large sheet of flame overtook
on the 12thq James Gayer', of Ballfshawn, on the Bth
him, on the staircase and completely knocked him down,
his wife on the 10th. All these cases proceeded from dyse
but having recovered himself he opened.one of the back
entery and exhaustion. On Sunday, the 7thinse, Mn..
windows and leaped into the back yard. When picked
up he was quite insensible, and such a powerful effect had Atkinson, coroner, held an inquest on the body of Patrick
the smoke upon him that the blood issued from his mouth Maughan, at Coonanarrow. The deceased has left a,
and nose, and it was some time before the youth could be family, who are in the most indigent. state. The jury's vele--
restored. diet was—' Death be starvation.' In this village there is

PROGRESS OF IRISH DESTITUTION

REPORTS OF THE FACTORY INSPECTORS.—These re.-
ports, for the half-year ending the 31st of Oetober,.lB46,
have just been published. The several inspectors point
out some difficulties which attend the enforcing of the
law, especially that which is applicable to print works,
and that which is intended to secure the factory workers
from injury by machinery. Little is said in any of the
reports about the time worked in factories during the past
half-year. Testimony, however, is borne to the beneficial
operation of those clauses of the last passed Factory Act,
which regulate the employment of children and young
persons. The depression of trade which more or less
prevailed throughout all the manufacturing districts
during the period over which the reports extend is- ad-
verted to ; and though such depression had " remoired
all inducement to work more than 12 hours a-day," the
occupiers of three cloth-dressing milk in Mr. Saunders'
district had been convicted of working young persons.'in
the night. Mr. Saunders dwells a good deal on the edu-
cation of the factory workers, and includes in this report
extracts' from an able paper by Mr. R Baker of
Leeds, On the educational state of his district," from
which we• may probably make extracts next week. Mr.
Saunders strongly urges the importance of granting pecu-
niary aid to the public schools in his district, or, as he
says, "the absolute necessity of doing so, if the train-
ing and instruction factory children are to receive is
schools are to be made really useful and efficient
" There-has been," says Mr. Saunders, " a cons

not a family that do not appear likely to fall. victims to
famine. On the same day, on the body of James Brislane,
at Kilcrimmin.- The deceased was put. on the• public
works a few days previous to his death, and was hastening
on Saturday evening to the office of the pay-clerk, but
being very weak from want of food, he fell on the way,
and was found dead next morning. Verdict—' Death .by
starvation.' On• Monday, the Bth, on the body of Pat
Howley, at Saltfield. The deceased was employed on the
public works, and was found lying on the road; where he
had fallen, by a person passing by ; when.reraoved to the
nearest habitation he died shortly after. Verdict—' Death
by starvation.' On the same day, on the body of William
Sheridan, at Cloonta. The deceased had been in a great
state of destitution, and going from one village to another
he fell into a small rivulet which he attempted to cross,
and from his debility was unable to extricate himself !
Verdict—' Death by drowning, but attributed to starva-
tion.' This coroner states that there were 12 more
inquests reported in his district, but which from indispo-
sition he has been unable to attend. During the past
week, Mr. O'Grady, coroner, held inquests on the follow-
ing persons :—Ann Philbin, Patt Hannon, Francis Gan.
non, Jordan Morrisroe, Anne Teatum,
Thomas Costello, Constantine Munr,
e Patrick Carey,,
Thomas
MulloY;
Bridget Mullay. In each of these cases the verdis
returned was—' Death from starvation.' "
The Coroner for the Baroi

.
increase in the number of public schools opened for the
use of factory children during the last three years. I have
but little to add to what I stated-in 1843 in respect to
them. Their efficiency depends much on the zeal and
discretion exercised by the authority to whom the super-
intendence of the school is entrrusted. The general state
and condition of many are improved. Well-trained and
efficient teachers are more justly appreciated, and greater
exertions therefore made for the purpose of obtaining
their services ; but the want of funds continues to-opfrate
very prejudicially in this most important particular.
ECONOMICAL AND NUTRITIOUS &WM—M. Soyer, the
cook of the Reform Club, has lately paid attention to the
production, at the cheapest rate, of nutritious. soups for
the poor. He strongly recommends the two following
receipts to the attention of the public. For Soup No. 1 :
Put one ounce of dripping into a saucepan holding two
gallons of water, with a quarter of a pound of Nkg of beef
without bones, cut into square pieces about half an inch,
and, two middling-sized onions, peeled and sliced. Set
the saucepan over a fire, and stir the contents round for a
few minutes, until fried lightly, brown. Add the peeling
of two turnips, green leaves or tops of celery, and of two
leeks, cut into small pieces. Then add half a pound of
common flour, and half a pound of pearl barley, mixing
all well together. Add two gallons of water, three ounces
of salt, and a quarter of an ounce of brown sugar, and
allow all to -simmer gently for three hours. The cost of
the Soup No. 1 will be as follows :
Quarter of a pound of leg of beef at 4d. per lb . . id
Two ounces of dripping fat, at 4d. per lb..
Two onions and other•vegetables .. •
Half a pound of flour, seconds, at ltd. per lb. . ot
Half a pound of pearl barley, at 3d. per lb. l4
Three ounces of salt,,with half an ounce of brown sugar,
at 4d. per 1b.....
Fuel 1
Two gallons of water 0

of Costello icid*Oriiiten
ter to the editor of flu

"Itmes, in WI

he thus pictures
,o. big Affira

present attenclins
" The duties of coroner in ordinary times are painful by
the scenes presented ; but those now4to be endured render
the office, to say the least of it, no sinecure, possessed, if
he be, of human feelings. In this sir, lam sure you will
agree, when I say, that I have beheld the mother and
child both dead in the same bed, the latter embraced, even.
in death, in the arms of the former,---when I say that I
find a mother dead in the porch on•recess of a corn-kiln,
with her still living child three years old lying on her dead
body, exposed to the cold and inclemency of the night in
such a place of refuge,—when I see the nursing infant die
on the mother's breast, from .exhaustion of its source
(the mother, with ten in the, family, living. on water
tresses for four days previous, as her only means of• sup-
port),—when I see two children, of six and seven years-
old, both dead together, and the mother expiring and dy-
ing the following day,—when I see a man in rude. health,
not 50 years old, struggling to walk the day before, thrown
dead for four days on the high road (I should say private
road), unremoved, being a stranger, under the inclemency
of the weather. But, sir, these death scenes, heartrend-
ing as they may appear, are of no consequence compared
to the still surviving moving skeletons of the
_families of
the departed, falling off from debility from the effects of
hunger, aggravated, if possible, by their natural feelings
of grief and heartbreak at the loss of the departed.mem-
ber of their family."

The Cork Examiner publishes a series of communica-
tions descriptive of the destitute condition of several., lo-
calities in that county, including Mitchel's-town, Ka,nturk,
Doneraile, and Ababallogne. The state of the latter,
which is only nine miles from Cork, is frightful, There
were no less than nine deaths from starvation on Monday,
and an average of three each day during the weep.. In
one town-land, containing 800 souls, it is addedi. ZOO are
starving.

For Soup No. 2 proceed as receipt No. 1 explains (as
regards the fat, meat, onions, and the other vegetables),
but add one quart of water upon the whole, which you let
boil twenty minutes, stirring now and then to prevent
burning ; or else, if convenient, set it by the side of the
fire, and add one pound of maize.; mix well together, and
fill the stew-pan with six quarts of water ; season as above,
let it simmer one hour, skim lightly, and it is then ready
for use. One hundred gallons of this soup . will cost
under £l.

There are not 100ncres of land in the county of Mayo--
prepared for seed, nor is there any appearance of a change.
In Drumod, a small district in: Leitrim, containing not
quite 6000 inhabitants, eighteenpersons have died in ten
days. On the inquest on one of them it appeared that
for two months preceding he had been frequently eight-
and-forty or
say hours.without eating anythingseaweed _
ent Of
pO
cabbage stalks. A poor woman, ys a
co
the Boyle Gazette, has just:alien
den nab it was
dragging
wretched to t
lin
escaped.
beholddeplorable dearth of provisions,
an
infant
of afo
w and
from the same
months.
Even. old, dra
ast theo
breast of its lifeless mother. .a
Inquests were held on Monday on the bodies of
John and Ellen Mulherm, (husband and wife,) who died,
the former on Saturday, the latter on Sunday. The me-
dical gentlemen (Doctors Leeson, and Brady) said there
was no disease, and ascribed the deaths to destitution..
Very few people," said they, " die of absolute hunger,
but wanting fire, clothes, and having only a very small
quantity of food and other comforts, life, of course, would
gradually drop away."
The Rev. M. T. Moriarty, writing from Dingle, says,
in a, letter dated February 13th, that that parish contains
three thousand souls, and that from December 26th to
February Ist one hundred and five persons have passed
into eternity from the one fell cause—starvation! and
since then the work of death has progressed frightfully,
The London papers have published a private letter from.
Commander Catlin, of the steam sloop Scourge, which is
now employed on the Southern coast of Ireland. This
officer says that his vessel was lately ordered to discharge
k
a cargo of meal,
—c-, at Schull, and that he consequently
became intimately acquainted with the horrible misery,
which the inhabitants of that neighbourhood are plunged-
Three-fourths of the men of the village had wasted away
to skeletons from the effects of hunger ; and their strength
was wholly gone. When these unhappy men were -
pfuolnylessed in unloading the sacks of meal, the, greatest watch-
needful in order to prevent them from pur-
loining small quantities of the contents. As Commander
Caffin wished to see with his own eyes the extent to which
the famine really prevailed, Dr. Traill, the rector of Schull,
drove him through the parish ; and the result of this
drive is thus described by Commander Caffin :--" Famine
exists to a fearful degree with all its horrors. Fever has
sprung up, consequent upon the wretchedness; and swell-
ing of limbs and body, and diarrhoea, upon the want of
nourishment, are everywhere to be found. Dr. Traill's
parish is 21 miles in extent, containing about 18,000 souls,
with not more than half a dozen gentlemen in the whole
of it. lie drove me about five or six miles ; but we com-
menced our visits before leaving the village, and in no
house that I entered was there not to be found the dead
or dying." The most heart-rending details follow, and
the horrible wretchedness painted in the letter is such as
can only be likened to the frightful particulars related by
the old chroniclers, who have transmitted to us the history
of some of the famines by which Europe was wasteq
during the middle ages. After describing what he himself
saw in the cottages which he visited, Commander
adds :—" I could tell you also of that which I could vouch
for the truth of, but which I did not see myself, such a
bodies half eaten by rats—of two dogs last Wednesday
g shot
bein Callaghan,'ody to by Mr. O'Callaghan, whilst tearing a b caffi
pieces—of his mother-in-law stophpaienkg, aapnodo,rhweinomg woman, and
asking her what she had on her
that it was her son,tellingher
said it wasthatshe woulddesadmeateradity!
but the poor emaciated woman
and she was going to dig a hole in the churchyard for it.
These are things which are of everyday occurrence

FUNERAL OF THE DUKE 01,!NORTHUMBERLAND.—The
remains of this much lamented nobleman were removed
on Friday from the splendid baronial residence of the
Percys,. Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, for, interment in
the family vault in Westminster Abbey. The funeral
procession left the Castle precisely at nine o'clock, the
body being conveyed in a hearse drawn by six horses, and
attended by the late Duke's household establishment and
his numerous tenants in the northern part of the County
of Northumberland. It arrived at the Gateshead Station
of the York and Newcastle Railway shortly after five
o'clock in the afternoon, where a special train was in
readiness to proceed.with it to Northumberland House,
Charing Cross, London, where it will remain till Tuesday
(to-day), and then,be deposited' with august ceremony in
the family vault, which is situate in that part of the
ancient and venerable building known as the Chapel of
St. Nicholas. The arrangements were on a scale, and in.
a style of splendour, suitable to the exalted rank of the
illustrious deceased. The body was inclosed within a
mahogany shell of exquisite workmanship, and French
polished, the inside being lined with pure white silk, pad-
ded and fringed with rich silk fringe and lace of the same
colour, and' the shroud was of the same rich material.
The shells was inclosed in a leaden coffin, and both placed
in an outer coffin of oak, covered with rich crimson Genoa
silk velvet, and ornamented in a magnificent style, the
deceased's armorial bearings being emblazoned thereon
in gold. At the sides and ends of the outer coffin, which
was divided into compartments by rows of nails, plated
in gold, were eight•massive handles, each surmounted by
a ducal coronet, and on the top were the ducal coronet
with the star and badge of the Order of the Garter, and
other heraldic achievements. The weight of the coffin
and body was estimated at about eleven hundred weight.
There were upwards of three hundred of his Grace's ten-
antry on foot, and about six hundred mounted to ac-
company the procession. Nearly the whole of the popu-
lation turned out. At Felton, Morpeth, and other places
the shops were closed, and the bells of the churches rang
muffled peals.
AFFECTING AND FATAL CIRCUMSTANCE.—On Friday
se'nnight, an inquest was held at Caine on a youth who
was found drowned in a ditch in Green-lane, Blacklands,
Berkshire. He appeared to be about 15 years of age, of
pleasing countenance, and was dressed as a sailor boy.
In the absence of other evidence, a verdict of " Found
drowned " was returned. After the inquest, the coroner
received a communication from the Rev. J. S. M. Kyrie,
rector of Yatesbury, stating that further evidence on the
case could be given, and a further investigation in conse-
quence took place. It then appeared that the reverend
gentleman named had, while driving in gig to Ch'p
penhain on the 25th ultimo, observed the deceased on Le-
road, travelling in pain from sore feet, but not begging ;
that he conversed with him ; that he said
his name was
George Beale, and his age 14 ; that he
.waa going to
London, and that his parents lived at Clueliester,place,