The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1854-02-07 00:00:00

ALREADY SUBSCRIBED.

---
Charles Moore and Co., owners t'soo '0 0
Pilkington and Wilson, agents
James Baines and Co.
Brown, Shipley. and Co.
Gibbs, Bright, and Co. lOO 0 0
•
Edward Oliver 100 0 0
Millers and Thompson 'loo 0 0

Eiberpoot sztaitbarb+

TUESDAY HORNING, FEB. 7, 1854.

iieiden Brothers ' 100 0 0
-Stuart and Douglas
S. R. Graves, E,(l
Bank Quay Foundry .lOO 0 0
Charles Wfver lOO 0 0
Rathbone Brothers and Co.
Baring Brothers and Co. lOO C 0
Fernie, Brothers and Co -50 0 0
Wilson and Dawson .... 50 0 0
Charles Horsfall and Sons

J. R. Murphy, 9, Arundel-terrace, Brigt'n 50 0 0
Maritime Passenger Assurance Company . '5O 0 0
H.M. Colonial Land and Emigration Com-

missioners.

0 0

G. J. Dickson,'Esq. Glasgow
Farnworth and Jardine 5O 0 CI
_ _ _

Collected by Mr. Chas. Campbell, Lambert
Bird, and Wm. Tomlinson :5O 0 0
J. M. Walther', Esq 25 0 0
James M'Henry, Esq.

Learns and Brcit;m . 25 0 0
William Tapscott and Co.
Miller, Oughton, and Co.
Cunard, Mann, and Co.
Cato, Miller, and Co 25 0 0
A. Heywood, Son, and Co. 25 0 0
Jos. Green and Co. 25 0 0
'Joseph Richardson 25 0 0
William Inman . 25 0 0
Halhead, Fletcher, and Co. . 25 0 0
A. and J. Dennistown and Co., Glasgow.. 21 0 0
David Cannon, Sons, and Co 2O 0 0
Collected at Rock Ferry, per Rev. Mr.
Redhead 2O 0 0
Gladstone and Co. . 20 0 0
Collected by C. Fisher, Esq., Whitehaven 10 5 0
James Beasley lO 0 0
Daniel Neilson lO 0 0
Boyd, Edmonds, and Co. lO 0 0
Blythe and Carlisle lO 0 0
Richard S. Ely, Esq. lO 0 0

. 10 0 0
E. and J. Schilizzi
Charles Campbell 10 0 0
J. W. Fairclough and Co lO :0 0
John Parratt

Patrick Magee lO 0 0
Charley and Malcolm, Belfast
.Hugh Ward low, ditto lO 0 0
'Graham, Kelley, and Co— . 5 5 0
Cowie, Scott, and Roxburgh
Gorge R. Griffiths 5 5 0
M'Clune and Tamplin
liarmood Banner, Esq.. . . 5 0 -0
Robert Procter
_ _ _.

Bigiand, Sons, and Jeffreys 5 0 V
Williamson and Spark 5 0 0
Thomas Robinson
A Friend, pt rH. T. Wilson, Esq. 5 0 0
C. -C-rimihaw and Co 5 0 0
Mr. Richard Kaye 5 0 0
A. Rawson, Esq. 5 0 0
William -Lynn
James Moss and Co. 5 0 0
Rawlins and Son . 5 0 0
John Bacon
Allan Nicholl, Dublin
James M•Murdo 5 0 0
Septimus Ledward 5 0 0
Nixon and Thew 5 0 0
John Tyson . 5 0 0
Ald. R. C. Gardner . 5 0 0
Samuel and William Pearce

—.......,...
Jeffreys and Darcey . • 50 0
' Joseph Green and .Co.
Mawdaley and Son 5 0 0
Perkins. Smith, and Mullens .. 33 0
Samuel Dutton and Nephew
Thomas Bouch
Hugh Montgomery, Belfast 3 0 0
Richardson Brothers, ditto 3 0 0
Isaac Jackson
H. Cannon
Clerks in P. and W.'s office 2 2 0
Dixon and Holmes 2 2 0
W. S. Tyerman 2 2 0
John M'Carthy 2 2 0
Ferguson, Piltaus, and Co 2 2 0
J. Permewan, Penzance
Nicholson and Whittle 2 2 0
Gladstone and Oldham 2 2 0
Gregory Tymbas .. . 2 0 0
Chauncey Loicester 2 0 0
Alex. G. Cattell
James Bristow, Belfast 2 0 0
Robert Workman, ditto
Edward Samuelson 1 1 0
_ _ _

Wm. Heaton__
1 I 0
J. P. Platt and Co. 1 1 0
Alex. Septimus Macrae 1 1 0
Samuel Maddock 1 I 0
Henry Coupland 1 1 0
George Rennie 1 1 0
George Übell
Philip Mylrea
The Mayor of Warrington
John Reid 1 1 0
C. T. Browning and Co.
W. Wilks
T. Edwards
James J. Mack 1 0 0
George Rodger 1 0 0
Gavin Poe 1 0 0
Henry P. Priest . 1 0 0
Frederick Robinson
Andrew Wardrop
Robert N. Dale 1 0 0
J. G. White
John Slingsby
Robert Singlehurst . 1 0 0
A Friend 1 0 0
G. L. F.
Henry Campbell, Belfast 1 0 0
Adam Duflin, ditto . 1 0 0
James M'Caw, ditto
Victor C. Kennedy, ditto
Wm. Cowan, ditto
John Gillis, ditto 1 0 0
Bernard. Hughes, ditto 1 0 0
Thomas George. ditto
Capt. James White, ditto 1 0 0
H. T. Smith, ditto
Robert Henderson, ditto 1 0 0
George M`Tear, ditto 1 0 0
James Hamilton, ditto 1 0 0
James Barnett, ditto 1 0 0
Wm. D. Henderson, ditto
Wm. C. Heron, ditto..
James I'. Corriff, ditto 1 0 0
Gustavus Heyn, ditto
David Grainger, ditto
James Campbell, ditto
Joseph J. Murphy, ditto
Capt. Alex. Brennan, ditto 1 0 0
John Owden, ditto ~ 1 0 0
Win. Herdman, ditto
A Friend, „„ .. 010 0
E. H. . , 010 0
H. A. G. 0 10 0
W. K. OlO 0
In FOsiagc .9tauips 0 1 0

THE. LIVERPOOL STANDARD, AND GENET? AL COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.

array of figures will, no doubt, operate as a con-
solation under the high price of every article of
food, particularly as Ministerial piety takes credit
to its political wisdom for plenty, and coolly attri-
butes all its failures to the dispensation of Pro-
vidence.

It might have been thought that the exigencies
of a war, against which it is necessary immediately
to provide, and that in the most efficient manner,
if we are to hope for a successful termination,
would have been sufficient employment, not only
for the public attention but also for the energies of
Parliament ; but the Coalition Ministry, in antici-
pation of their fate, would appear to be gluttons
for legislation, at least as far as promises are con-
cerned. The coasting trade, which has ever formed
the nursery of our seamen, is to be sacrificed to
the demon of competition, in order to be consistent
in a false theory. The same kind of scalping knife
is to be applied to the nursery of our great men,
the time-honoured seminaries of Oxford and Cam-
bridge, in order to gratify the same greedy desire
to level all distinctions. The service of the State
in our civil institutions is to be submitted to a
similar ordeal, so that place and pay .may become
the reward of successful political agitation. Fur-
ther reform in the law is but vaguely hinted at,
but the loss of legal employment, arising from
County Court extension, is to be compensated by
the validity of wills and the discussion of matrimo-
nial differences being transferred to the courts of
common law. The Poor-law is once more to be
altered, with a view of abolishing the ancient law
of settlement, on the pretence that it impedes the
freedom of labour. And as if this were not enough
to employ both Houses until long after the calendar
says that grouse-shooting commences, we are to
have another Reform Bill, with a host of supple-
mentary Bills, professing to take more effectual
precautions against the evils of bribery and corrup-
tion, but all allusion to intimidation is very conve-
niently avoided, for the reason, perhaps, that it
would interfere with certain practices in Ireland,
by a party which the Ministry have not the courage
to oppose nor the skill to benefit by.
With such a miscellaneous collection, to be
further increased by Lord JOHN ItussELL's pet
scheme of admitting Jews to Parliament, and
perhaps a fresh attempt to legalise incestuous
marriages, we can only come to the conclusion that
the Ministers anticipate their speedy defeat, and
have therefore industriously concocted this string
of promises, to serve them as political capital when
in opposition. See what we would have done, had
you supported us in office. It is more refreshing
to refer to what Earl DERBY did do in the short
time he was in office.

HER MAJESTY'S Speech, as we predicted last
week, was looked forward to with much more
anxiety than a document which is ordinarily of so
common-place a character is usually honoured
with. This was evident, not only in the excite-
ment throughout the kingdom, and the prepara-
tions made by the rival telegraph companies to
gratify the anxieties felt in every town, but also in
the throngs which greeted the royal procession,
and the House of Lords crowded with eager
listeners to catch the first words from the royal
lips. They were not disappointed, and, for once,
we have had a speech fuller of promises than the
session, however long it may be protracted, will
have time to realise ; and so far the Cabinet have
shown the full spirit of Whiggery which animates
them. The Speech, however, is entitled to consi-
deration, not only for what it says, but for what it
has left unsaid, and for the precedent which it has
set of altogether ignoring those friendly assurances
from foreign powers which it was the wont of
former Ministers to dwell upon with so much com-
placency. Her MAJESTY is made to say :—" I
have continued to act in cordial co-operation with
the EMPEROR of the FRENCH," leaving the infer-
ence to be drawn that with our neighbour alone
are we at peace, and almost reminding us of by-
gone days, when England was opposed to a world
in arms, with a solitary ally, which for its very
singularity was made the most of. But then
comes the pith of the story, the point of informa-
tion which all were so desirous to know—the hopes
of a speedy settlement of the Turkish question,
which were 'indulged in at the close of last session,
have not been realised, and a state of warfare has
ensued. There is, however, a last hope, though a
faint one, for though the unremitting endeavours
to preserve and to restore peace have been hitherto
unsuccessful, 4‘ I will not fail to persevere in these
endeavours ;" yet, " I think it requisite to make
a further augmentation of my naval and inilitary
forces." So that, after six months' negotiation, of
which Russia has availed herself to make prepara-
tions for the coming struggle, the English Govern-
ment finds itself in a worse position, and the dream
of Turkish independence as far off as ever. The
Ministers attempt to claim credit for their forbear-
ance and their ardent desire to avert the horrbrs
of war ; but they have not shown, nor will the
people of England readily believe that the present
unsatisfactory position of affairs is not mainly, or
perhaps solely, owing to the very course which the
Ministers appear t© pride themselves on pursuing.
The English fleet was in fully as efficient a state
for active operations before the Russians crossed
the Pruth as it is now, and, if the ultimate design
were to defend Turkey at all hazards, might then
have more 'effectually interposed, with the pro-
bability that Russia would have hesitated to
take the first step in the face of an indignant
remonstrance from England, backed by an armed
fleet to enforce it. On the other hand, if
the English Ambassador at Constantinople pos-
sessed that influence over the Turkish Government
which is attributed to him, he should have insisted
on the concession of the Vienna note which had
received the sanction of the Four Powers, which
the -EMPEROR OF Russia. had agreed to accept, and
which, had it been accepted by the SULTAN, would
have deprived the CZAR of every pretext for war,
without involving himself in hostility with every
other state in Europe. Neither course was pur-
sued, but rather a system of temporising, which
caused 'both belligerents to doubt the sincerity of
England; destroyed the influence of the English
Minister at Constantinople, and virtually encou-
raged Russia to persevere in her warlike operations.
The discussion on these questions has been post-
poned until Parliament shall be in possession of
the official papers which have been promised, but
the Ministers will then have to undergo an ordeal
far more searching than the almost friendly debate
which ensued upon the motion for the Address to
the Crown in both Houses of Parliament. The
allusion to the Turkish question was all the refer-
ence which was made to Foreign policy in the
Speech from the Throne. Not a word about China ;
nor the war in Burmah ; nor the difference with
Persia; nor the alleged neutrality of Denmark and
Sweden ; nor the dubious position of Austria and
Prussia; nor the differences with the United States,
so positively referred to in the PRESIDENT'S Mes-
sage ; nor the death of the QUEEN OF PORTUGAL,
and the presence of an English fleet at Lisbon ;
nor the opening of the navigation of the River
Plate, though that omission may be attributed to
the credit belonging to the EARL OF DERBY'S
Government : nor indeed to any other point of
Foreign affairs, good, bad, or indifferent, excepting
the all-absorbing question between Russia and
Turkey.
The short-comings, however, in Foreign matters
are amply compensated by an immensity of pro-
mises on domes{ 'c affairs. There are no triumphant
praises of the bles sings of Free Trade, but dear
brad is attributed to the dispensation of Provi-
dence ; no allusion is made to the thousands of
operatives out on strike, but the people who suffer
from privations are to be treated with compliments
for their exemplary patience, and the contentment
which has been induced by the reduction of taxes
affecting the necessaries of life. It is small comfort
to a suffering man, with bread at tenpence a loaf,
to tell him that the duty on Tea is fourpence a
pound less, or that Soap is freed from the Excise,
when the war has rendered the raw material dearer
by the amount of the duty repealed. But we have
congratulations on the Imports and Exports,and the

received is the following statement of the PRE-
MIER, in reply to the Earl of DERBY:—
" Connected with the preparation of the measure of
Parliamentary reform, a misapprehension took place on
the part of my noble friend. Believing the provision in
question to be finally introduced into the measure, my
noble friend tendered his resignation. However, explana•
tions took place, and my nobl friend resumed—in fact he
had never ceased to perform—the functions of the office
of the Home -Department." •
-

Is there a sane man, not blinded by party prejudice,
who will believe that Lord PALMERSTON, who was
a member of the committee entrusted with the
preparation of the Reform Bill, could make any
mistake as to whether " the provision in question
was finally introduced," when, from no Cabinet
Council having been previously held, it was posi-
tively impossible ; and that such a mistake could
have been so inexplicable as to lead to his resigna-
tion at such a time ? In the next place, can any
one believe that the office was never vacant, when
the resignation was accepted, and the vacancy
offered to others ? Could such a mistake have
existed during twelve days, while the PREMIER
was looking in vain for a successor ? It is so ab-
surdly preposterous. that it is an insult to common
sense to expect such a statement to be believed ;
and it is to be hoped that some member of the
Lower House will, for their own character, demand
from Lord PALMERSTON an explanation which shall
at least have a colourable probability.

THE all-absorbing question of Peace or War
has arrived at a position somewhat tangible, since
the Speech from the Throne has declared the ill
success of all negotiations for peace, and the deter-
mination of the Government to augment the naval
and military forces of the country. The London
papers are now paying great attention to the
movements of the other Powers, and so strong is
the feeling of its importance, that even a declara-
tion on the part of the Prince of PRUSSIA, that his
Government should at once assume a decided tone
against Russia, produced a rise in the value of cur
Funds and Shares. Such a declaration, both by
Austria and Prussia, would of course tend mate-
rially to hasten a settlement of the question, as it
would be madness for the EMPEROR of RussiAlo
attempt a contest with the Great Powers of Europe,
with the certainty of immediate defeat ; but we
adhere to our previous opinion, that the strength
and resources of Russia have been too much over-
rated, and that England has little to fear from the
encounter, excepting the expense and the disasters
which ever follow from sanguinary strife. It
appears evident, from the caution which has been
pursued, and the courteous manner observed in
the withdrawal of the Russian Ambassadors from
London and Paris, that the CZAR is by no means
anxious for a quarrel, however pride and obstinacy
may have induced him to persevere in his demands ;
and many are of opinion that they will receive
orders to return to their embassies before they
have reached St. Petersburgh. If we suppose,
however, the worst as far as concerns our lukewarm
allies, we have still no reason to anticipate any
other than a triumphant result, should the CZAR
of Russia persist in his folly. Had England to
contend with all the Northern Powers, it would

A SHORT time since, when the Radical press,
and, we regret to say, some few Conservative
papers, were indulging in reiterated slanders on
the PRINCE CONSORT, we demonstrated the falsity
of the charge by its inherent absurdity. Absurd,
in the first place, to suppose that, in all acts purely
her own, HER MAJESTY should not be guided by
the advice of her husband ; and, in the next
place, that the latter should have exercised his in-
fluence either to the prejudice of national interests
or in any way infringing upon ministerial respon-
sibilities. The coirectness of this view has been
amply corroborated by the explanations which took
place on the first meeting of Parliament. The
PREMIER and the FOREIGN SECRETARY, the Con-
servative Lord DERBY and bhe Whig Lord CAMP-
BELL, all concurred in the opinion we then ad-
vanced, that the presence of PRINCE ALBERT at
ministerial audiences of HER MAJESTY, and his
consultation with his Royal Consort on all public
affairs, was not only strictly constitutional, but at
the same time highly advantageous to the best
interests of the country, and conducive to the pros-
perity of a reign which marks a special era in
British history. In the course of the discussion
the Earl of DERBY took occasion to repudiate all
connexion with the Press of this country, denying
that he had ever influenced the insertion of a para-
graph, or wished to be believed to have thine so.
We shall not quarrel with such an apparent con-
tempt for services of which every true Conserva-
tive must admit the value, but rather receive it as
an unintentional compliment to the disinterested
patriotism which has animated Conservative
writers, as favourably contrasted with the paid
advocacy of Liberalism, so profusely rewarded by
Radical patrons from, Prime Ministers downwards.
It would be well, however, even for the Earl of
DERBY to bear in mind that it is hardly consistent
with sound policy to allow an influence so power-
ful as the press, for good or for evil, to experience
a studied neglect in the former cause, while for
the latter it has every encouragement even from
those whose professions are directly the contrary.
It was solely owing to the gratuitious, yet untir-
ing, exertions of the newspaper press, that so large
a bod 3 of Conservative members were returned to
the House of Commons at the last election ; yet,
during the time Lord DERBY was premier, they
received no aid, not even in the preference of
official information. When their successors came
into office, though the leading members professed
to be Conseivatives, the advertising patronage of
the Government was ostentatiously given to the
Radical newspapers, and almost their first financial
act was an alteration of duties by which their chief
organ was benefited to the extent of many thou-
sands a year. The same journal has, since then,
been the depository of State secrets, and even
allowed to publish an official document before it
was presented to Parliament. It may suit the
independence of the Earl of DERBY to disavow his
connexion with a support which has given value
to his political exertions, but perhaps it would have
been better for the country had the services of the
Conservative press received more substantial sup-
port from those who profess to be the leaders of
the Conservative party.

not be for the first time in her military history ;
and now, when we have a fleet superior to all
besides, we are in a position to dictate terms, and
have strength to enforce them. It may be a ques-
tion for grave consideration, whether the whole
point in dispute is worth the violent disrupture -of
a forty years' peace, particularly when it is consi-
dered that the independence of Turkey is a phan-
tom which will be as far off as ever ; but that
question having been decided in the affirmative, no
apprehension of the consequences need deter us
from at once bringing it to issue. If the wisdom
of England has resolved that the aggressive policy
of Russia shall now receive a check, and security
be demanded against any future infringement, we
have but to buckle on our armour, to display once
more the spirit which won Trafalgar and Waterloo,
which drove the French out of the Peninsula, and
swept the seas from pole to pole, and Russia must
succumb, whether his neighbours help him or not.
Their want of faith will prove their own destruc-
tion, and Austria will far better serve the cause of
the EMPEROR of RussiA by uniting with the
Western Powers to save him from the conse-
quences of his own folly, than, by any culpable
leaning towards Russian counsels, precipitate
the discomfiture of both empires, the crippling
of Russia, and perhaps the annihilation of
Austria, which would be rent to pieces by the
insurrections of her own subjects in Hungary and
Italy. England is but now assuming the position
which she ought to have taken at the "commence-
ment of the affair, and would have taken but for
the pusillanimity of a divided cabinet, which sought
to gain by the trickery of diplomacy what should
have been demanded by the boldness of moral
courage, secure in the righteousness of her cause,
and asking no more than she meant to enforce.
The cause of dispute is the same now as it was six
months ago, and if now we are justified in em-
broiling Europe in war, in order to preserve the
integrity of territorial arrangements, we should
have been equally justified in assuming the same
determined tone before Russia had fulfilled her
threat of crossing the Pruth and taking possession
of the Danubian provinces: Let us hope, however,
that, notwithstanding the apparent imminence of
war, the EMPEROR of RUSSIA. will experience a
return of his former good sense, though any con-
cession on his part will be accompanied with the
bitter reflection that he cannot reinstate himself
in the same position which he occupied before he
entered upon his ill-advised crusade in defence
of the Holy Places. Turkey will not now consent
to resume the treaties which have been broken,
and Russia will discover, when too late, that her
progress has been retrograde.

IT is a melancholy truth, that no men are more
violent in pursuing the wrong path than those who
have been perverted from the right way. The
worst Radicals are those who have been Conserva-
tive, the most outrageous Romanists are those who
have been beguiled from Protestantism, and the
once Conservative members of the Coalition Ministry
seem determined to furnish a further illustration of
the same truth. The Free Traders who formed
the Manchester Leaiue were content with the
repeal of the Corn Laws ; Lord JOHN RUSSELL, in
laying his sacrilegious hands on the Great Maritime
Charter, known as the Navigation Laws, spared
the coasting trade, the nursery of our seamen, and
the source of our greatness as a naval power ; but
the renegade Conservatives who are now at the
helm have doomed this to destruction, and unless
the Legislature interpose, we may look in vain for
that maritime supremacy which has become iden-
tified with our national history. In the Speech
from the Throne HER MAJESTY is made to say

IT is not two months since the country was
aroused from its more than wonted political apathy,
by the announcement that one of the most import-
ant members of the Ministry—he, indeed, on whom
the majority of Government supporters had chosen
to rely for his political experience—had resigned
his office, and that his resignation had been ac-
cepted by HER MAJESTY. Such an event, so seem-
ingly fruitful of more important changes, was
declared, with a tone of authority, in a journal
which had the reputation of enjoying Ministerial
confidence, and was accompanied with the'explana-
tion that it was solely owing to a difference of
opinion on the details of the proposed Reform Bill,
and some sneers on the versatility of Palmerstonian
genius, which was becoming notorious for resigna-
tion in December. No one believed the explana-
tion, which was considered a paltry evasion of the
truth. In the meantime, the vacant Sscretaryship
was offered in vain to several aspiring statesmen,
and, twelve clays afterwards, the same authority
made the announcement that the Ministerial quar-
rel had been made up, while the sneers about
Palmerstonian versatility were salved over with
fulsome compliments of official experience and
political genius. Under such a state of circum-
stances, which were of the more importance when
Lord PALMEitSTON'S long connexion with foreign
affairs gave a more than ordinary significance to
his resignation while complicated negotiations were
pending, all that the public could do was to wait
until the meeting of Parliament for this web of
official trickery to be unravelled. Parliament has
met, and all the satisfaction which the public has

" I recommend to your considerMion a bill which I have
ordered to be framed for opening the coasting trade of tha
United Kingdom to the ships of all friendly nations ; and
I look forward with satisfaction to the removal of the last
legislative restriction upon the use of foreign shipping for
the benefit of my people."

The conclusion is here very coolly assumed, though
for the foundation of it we may look in vain.
Wherein have the people suffered from the restric-
tion upon the use of foreign shipping, that its
removal should be looked forward to with satis-
faction ; or rather, wherein have they not suffered
from the partial removal which has already been
made ? We stated, on a previous occasion, some
of the losses experienced by British merchants,
owing to the injudicious employment of foreign
vessels, which are not governed by British laws,
nor do they submit to British usages. These evils

would be multiplied if the coasting trade were
thrown open to them, while the loss to the nation
would be incalculable, from the discouragement
which would thereby be given to British seamen.
In the course of the debate, some allusions were
made to the loss of the Tayleur, which was atbri_
buted to the insufficiency of her crew ; but this fa&
affords a striking argument against the policy of
the alteration which has already taken place. Rad
the law been in force which insisted on three-fourths
of the crew being British seamen, the danger would
have been less, but it will be still further augmented
by the proposed opening of the coasting trade. The
restriction is said to enhance freights, and to mri-
tate against the interests of the ship-owner, but it
is far more for the interests of commerce that a
vessel should convey her passengers and cargo to
the desired port in safety, than, in order to effect a
small saving in the wages of her crew, be wrecked
on the first coast she comes in sight of. It is
miserable economy, fruitful of evil, and its effects
will be more apparent when the stern regicements
of war shall have rendered desirable every able-,
bodied seaman, in order to man the fleet for the
national defences.

THE RED JACKET is about to be thrown open to
public inspection.
OkvAlEAL.—In the last nine or ten days 21,000 loads
of oatmeal have arrived in Liverpool from Ireland.
PROPOSED CEMETERY FOR PRESTON.—It has been re-
solved that a burial ground, under the 15th and 16th Vie-
toria, and 16th and 17th Victoria, be provided for the
township of Preston.
THE Rnv. J. B. LowE, incumbent of St. Jude's, will
deliver a lecture at the Concert-hall, on the 20th inst.,
in reply to the statements of the Rev. W. H. Anderdon,
the Romish pervert. Mr. Lowe's lecture will be in ccu-
nexion with the Protestant Reformation Society.
TITE CANADA., British and North American RoyalMaA
steam-ship, Captain .Stone, sailed on Saturday, for Boston
aril Halifax, with the usual mails for the United States
and British possessions in North America, a full comple-
ment of passengers, and a large cargo of valuable merchan-
dise on freight

THE OLINDA.—On Saturday, a steamer arrived from
Holyhead, having in tow a lump laden with goods from.
the Olinda, screw steamer. The hull of the vessel is stated
to have broken in two, owing to the weight of the engine
causing an immense strain amidships.
WIGAN STRIRE.—There has been no change of any mo-
ment in connexion with this strike since last week. The
number of idlers continues to decrease gradually. The
Ince-hall Coal and Cannel Company have given notice to
their colliers of their intention to give an advance of
prices to the extent of a penny to the shilling, or 82; and
it is believed several other coal proprietors will follow their
example.
EYE AND Emu INFIRMARY.—At the fifth annual meet-
ing of the friends and supporters of the St. Anne's
Dispensary and Eye and Ear Infirmary, Rose-hill, on
Wednesday, Mr. T. Barton presiding, the report showed
that the receipts for the past year had been £472. 13s. 10d,
and the expenditure and relief during the same period,
£393. 13s. ; the . number of persons relieved being 9,610,
or more than double the number who were relieved in 1840.
PRESTON Srnrxr.—The returns for this, the nineteenth
week of the lock-out and the twenty-third of the strike,
show that the number of unemployed hands relieved from
the Trades' Union Funds was 16,174; last week, 16,335:
decrease, 161.. The amount disbursed in relief this week
was £3,019 ss. 6d.; last week, £3,073 10s. : decrease, £24
4s. 6d. It will be observed that there is again a consi-
derable decrease in the number of hands receiving relief,
the weavers alone showing a diminution of 124 as compared
with last week. This arises from the active measures
taken to assist the hands in removing from the town.
The amount of contributions was larger this week than
last.

THE ABATEMENT OF THE SMOKE NUISANCE, IND THX
POLYTECHNIC SOCIETY.-Since the discussion at the
meeting of the Town Council, on the smoke noinnit
clause, we understand that Mr. Francis Morton has pro-
posed to the Polytechnic Society that the subject should be
brought under consideration at The society's meeting, on
Monday evening next, and Mr. Morton has arranged for
a paper to be read by Mr. John Lee Stevens, of London„
the inventor of the patent smokeless furnaces, in order to
show how the smoke nuisance can be subverted without

obstruction or prejudice to the interests of the owners of

steam boats, manufactories, &c. The smokeless furnaces
are extensively in use in London and other places, their
chief characteristics being great simplicity, the absence of
all moving apparatuS or other expensive arrangements,
preventing the formation of smoke, and effecting a large
saving of fuel. The subject is one of great public interest
at the present time, and we have no doubt the meeting
on Monday evening will be numerously attended.
FRAUDS ON THE NORTHWESTERN RAILWAY COMPA/CY.
—At the Police-court, on Friday, William Caitchen, chief
cashier in the office of the London and Northwestern
Railway Company, Lime-street was charged with mai--
appropriating £5OO. It appeared: that, during the week
ending the 4th of December, the prisoner received the
stun of £1,309 10s. 3d., which it was his duty to pay into
the Bank of Liverpool, or Moss and Co.'s Bank, to the
credit of the company. But before doing so, he gave
instructions to his clerk, Mr. Henry Lane Thatcher, to
make a deduction of £5OO, explaining that he had authorits
to do so from Mr. Goalen, principal of the audit depart-
ment at London, to reduce the balance iu the book produced
by some £3,000 odd, for the purpose of wiping off a portion
of an old balance connected with the East Lancashire
Company. Thatcher did as he was directed. The prisoner
was apprehended by detective-officer Eaton, on Thursly.
Mr. Humphreys, solicitor, who appeared for the company,
stated that Mr. Goalen, the principal of the audit depart-
ment of this company, was also in custody on a charge of
extensive frauds, involving an amount of between £5,00Q
and £O,OOO.

THE SCREW-STEAMER ANDES, Moodie, hence to Boston
and New York, returned to this port on account of leaking,
stress of weather, &c. The following is the report of the
surveyors :—On the 4th February, 1854, attended the ves-
sel lying dry in the Iluskisson Dock, and found the leak
arose from the stern-bush, the bush being secured by two
strong bolts passing through the sternpost, the bolt appa-
rently having worked itself out of the nut inwards, the
iron nut being secured by an iron guard outside, which
iron guard still remains perfect. Found the topgallant-
forecastle stove in, namely, the beams and deck of it broken.
Portforward gangway and four chain stanchions broke,
and several started, covering board split. Examined the
hatches, which were well secured, and the goods quite dry
in hatchways, except one bale under the winch, partially
damaged; and on examination of the dunnage in the be-
tween-decks, and the manner the cargo is protected in the
hold with tarpaulings, our opinions are that there is no
damage, and we do not consider it necessary to discharge
the cargo. And, on a careful examination, do not see any
signs of weakness in the' hull of the vessel Recommend
the bolt through sternpost to be replaced, and the other
damage replaced and repaired.
INQUESTS YESTERDAY.—Three inquests were held yes-
terday, before P. F. Curry, Esq., the borough coroner. The
first was on Edward Williams, 37 years of age. On the
19th of January deceased had been sent with another Timm
to bring a horse from the Lime-street railway station to
the house of Mr. Richard Holmes, publican, corner of
Watkinson-street, St. James's-place. He mounted iti
back without a saddle, and on getting opposite to the Bev.
Dr. Raffies's chapel,' the horse shyed, and threw him vio-
lently on to its shoulders. Deceased had sustained by the
shock rupture of the urethra. of which he died in the
Southern Hospital on Sunday last.—On John Mildoon, 3
dock labourer, 35 years of age. On Wednesday last, 'de-
ceased was employed with other men in. assisting to load
the ship Duke in the Canning Dock, with a cargo of ma-
hogany for Calcutta. They were putting one log into the
hold, the deceased holding a plank to keep it off the cor-
nices. When the log had been got right over the hatch-
way, he was ordered to let go, but did not do so, and he woo
precipitated into the hold, by which the right side of hig
head was fractured. He died in the Southern lioapitaL—,
The third and last inquest was on Ann Pask Hopwood,
the daughter of Mr. Hopwood, licensed victualler,
Great Crosshall-street, seven months old. Deceased was
in the care of a wet nurse, who lived in the house, and
whilst in her charge the child was overlain.
FATAL RAILWAY ACCIDENT.—About half-past sir
o'clock on Friday morning, a collision took place at tht
Leyland Station, on the London and North-western Rail-
way, by which Robert Taylor, a breaksman on a coal
train, belonging to Mr. Hargreaves, lost his life. A
Liverpool goods train, from Preston, came up to the sta-
tion, where it stopped, and the breaksman of the train got
off to unhook one of the wagons which had to be left at
the station. When he had done so, he called on the
engine-driver to run the train quickly into the siding, or
a train behind would be into them ; but he had no sooner
said this, than au empty coal-wagon train ran into the
goods train, and some of the carriages were thrown Rios
the two lines and broken. In about two minutes after
this occurrence, the coal train belonging to Mr. Hargreaves!
came up from Coppull at a quick rate, and the driver
seeing a signal made to stop, endeavoured to do so, but',
as he was coming down the incline, and was then very near
the station when he saw the signal, in consequence
of the thick fog then prevailing, he could not stop the
train in time, and it ran through the station quite three
hundred yards before it was brought to a stand. As this
last train passed, Taylor was standing on the break of one
of the wagons, and that side of the carriage was turnea
inwards towards the other rails, instead of towards this
outside, the consequence being that the man was brushed
off, as it were, by the passing train, and immediately after
lie was found lying on the line between the rails. Mc
jacket, waistcoat, and flannel singlet were cut through, as
though he had sustained a very violent blow on that side,
and he died in four hours after the accident.
THE WIDOW AND'HER LOVER.—A young widow: saYs
the Courrier de Nord, has just married a man frig!
disfigured. He fell in love with her four yearsts
one evening,.after some words between them, ~,Ve, wbr-"ai
home and attempted to blow out his bra s•in
ut did no
ravaged his face in a most dreadful manner,
kill him, and in the course of time he co
_ a"-°;,14-
me
soLe'gtLeeatlybinLwa:4)llhe
wound. The young woman after7;irte?
becoming familiar_
ei:Tboutte
stohetdhiednnimoti trehaeteoglinshilsoeneti:s
changed. She passed some months
alts has now married hint
ised with his dreadful zu,-
-Alinlxe terlible earthquake took
EARTHQUAKE IN -APhneria, in Spain on the 13th e.
place at limns,
Spanishin Almeria,
three o
prolonged
nle_oveeki,nioitonl
11,.
one was
morning,
idn'aglnc
papers say The town of Pinaza
January. The by a dreadful misfortune. On '
has just been visited
darkness, and w asleep, the
complete
haken and turned over by
a series of
soil was suddenly s
other
shocks following each in rapid sucec
violent
and accompanied
bacectoani-eepnaitdo abd,
of thunder, and followed by numerous fissures. 14
rolling
crumbled down the greatest part of the Alcazaba (air
ancient castle of the Moors), broke houses to pieces, rued
caused large chasms in nearly all the streets. Eight pa-
sons were afterwards dug out in a terrible state of moat-
tion."

WHAT IS THAT, MOTHER?

(BY MRS. HRMANS.)
WHAT is that, mother? The lark, my child 1
The morn has but just looked out, and smiled,
When he starts from his humble grassy nest,
And is up and away, with the dew on his breast,
And a hymn in his heart, to yon pure, bright sphere,
To warble it out in his Maker's ear;
Ever, my child, be thy morn's first lays
Tuned, like the lark's, to thy Maker's praise.
What is that, mother? The dove, my son I
Avid that low, sweet voice, like a widow's moan,
Is flowing out from her gentle breast,
Constant and pure, by that lonely nest,
As the wave is poured from some crystal urn,
For distsnt dear one's quick return;
Ever, my son, be thou like the dove,
In friendship as faithful—as constant in love.

What is that, mother? The eagle, boy !
Proudly careering his course of joy ;
Firm, on his own mountain vigour relying,
Breasting the dark storm, the red bolt defying;
Ills wing on the wind, and his eye on the sun,
Be swgrves not a hair, but bears onward, right on ;
BoAmay the eagle's flight ever be thine—

Onward, and upwaz d, and true to the line.
What is that, mother? The swan, my love!
He is floating down from his native grove;
No loved one now, no nestling nigh,
Be is floating down, by himself to die;
Dean darkens his eye, and unplumes his wings,
Yet h'i sweetest song is the last he sings;
Live so, my love, that when death shall come,
Swan-like and sweet, it may waft thee home.

REVIEWS OF BOOKS.

though often strong in themselves, are not connected
sufficiently with the absolute necessities of the plot.
Bulwer's real merit here is not in the play, it is in the
object for which the play was composed.

The extracts we have given speak fairly, and we
think favourably of the prefatory essay with which
the cheap edition of Bulwer's works is ushered
into the world. We shall be happy to hail the
succeeding volumes, as welcome additions to our
economical literature.

Blackwood's Magazine.—Edinburgh :
Blackwoods.

This magazine is always welcome, and the num-
ber for the present month is well deserving of the
reception which it meets wherever the refinement
of English literature is appreciated. It opens
with an article on " Abyssinian Aberrations," the
review of a work by an author of singular expe-
rience, Mr. Mansfield Parkyns, an amateur bar-
barian, who left England when a very young man,
plunged into the heart of Abyssinia, and adopted
savage life with an earnestness and gusto suffi-
ciently proved by his book. As the reviewer
observes :

Fancy a civilised Englishman, gently nurtured and edu-
cated, pitching his tent for three years amongst filthy
savages, adopting their dress and usages, rubbing his head
with butter, sleeping with the butt of his rifle for a
pillow—the grease from his plaited locks being "benefi-
cially employed in toughening the wood"—having himself
partially tattooed, eating raw beef, substituting raw
sheep's liver, soused in vinegar, for oysters, discarding
hats and shoes, and going bareheaded and barefoot under
the broiling sun and over the roadless wastes of Abyssinia,
burning and gashing his flesh in order to produce peculiar
scars and protuberances, deemed ornamental by the people
amongst whom he dwelt, and, upon his return home,
coolly writing down and publishing his confessions.

The third part of " The Quiet Heart" continues
the story with increasing interest in its progress,
as the characters and their proceedings are more
developed, while there is a quiet tone about it
which will commend it to many readers. An
article on the National Gallery reviews, with much
taste and ability, the Report of the Commission,
and offers some valuable suggestions on a subject
which has been too much neglected in this country.
After " a glance on Turkish History," which has
a particular interest at this time, when we are on
the verge of a war, for the protection of the
sublime Porte from the paw of the great Bear,
and a review of Macaulay's Speeches, revised by
himself, there is an entertaining paper on " Fifty
Years in both Hemispheres," by a German mer-
chant, of a singularly adventurous and speculative
turn. " A Sporting Settler in Ceylon" gives some
very exciting accounts of the hunting of elephants,
elks, and other wild animals, with the many hair-
breadth escapes of which he was himself the hero.
The number concludes with a well-written critique
on Gray's poetry and letters, which have been
recently published ; and once more we have no
political essay, Blackwood reserving himself, we
suppose, until the meeting of Parliament shall
have given political movements a more definite form.

.Perham ; or, Adventures of a Gentleman. By
Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, Bart. With a
Notice of the Author and. his Works. London :
Geo. Routledge and Co.
Among the marvels of the present age—and they
are numerous and astounding—few are so deserving
of wonder, combined with gratitude, as the facili-
ties afforded to even the humblest classes for
becoming acquainted with the mental labours of
those who confer upon our times an impress
derived from intellect. These facilities are fur-
nished by a variety of instruments, the chief of
which is the printing press, and its successes in
this way are attained by a rapidity of action and a
cheapness of production which, but a year or two
ago, would have been pronounced as impossible, as
its prediction would have been held incredible.
The author, whose earliest finished work of fiction
is now before us, in a form so concise and so cheap
as to excite astonishment, has contributed in no
alight degree to modulate the intellectual " form
and pressure" of our era. The writings of Sir E.
Rawer Lytton, even when they could only be ob-
tained in an expensive form, had a wide circula-
tion, and attained and exercised a powerful influence
over the public mind. Most of his works have•
been reprinted again and again, and in general at
a decreasing price, and with a growing popularity,
till now, in the hands of Messrs. Routledge, if we
may be pardoned the Hibernicism, they have
reached the acme of cheapness. Here in a single
volume we have the whole of " Pelham," published
at a rate not greater than used to be charged for a
night's perusal of it from a circulating library, the
cost not greatly exceeding that of an artisan's mid-
day meal. Added to the novel there is also a
biographical and critical account of the author and
his works, which of itself would be cheap at the
price charged for the whole.
To offer criticism on " Pelham," or to attempt
to analyse its beauties, after these have been felt
and acknowledged for a quarter of a century, would
indeed be a supererogatory labour ; to attempt a
depreciation of its merits would now be a task as
unavailing as it would be thankless. Instead of
essaying such fruitless labour, we shall content our-
selves with bearing testimony to the sound judg-
ment and intelligence displayed in the analytical
essay prefixed to the volume, in which the writer
gives a catalogue raisonne of the author's works
interspersed with anecdotes. It is well written,
and displays candour as well as good taste, as will
be seen from the annexed
SIIMMARY OP BULWER LYTTON'S GROUNDS OP SUCCESS.
By the hints scattered through his writings, and by
what is known of his career, we can trace him through so
many forms of society, and observe him at home in all.
The child escaping from his stately home to the hearth of
eottagers ; the school-boy, vehement in sport and daunt-
less in combat ; the Cambridge student declaiming at the
Debating Society, and employing the long vacations to
wander over England and Scotland alone and on foot ; the
young man of fashion at ease in the gay circles of London
and Paris, and lightly adventuring into the haunts of
thieves and outlaws, to learn the manners depicted in
"Pelham" and "Paul Clifford;" the secluded scholar
studying metaphysics and Greek in rural solitudes ; the
active member of parliament contesting elections, partici-
pating in the dry toil of committees and the animated
field-days of debate ; the accomplished traveller studying
aesthetics in Germany and antiquities in Rome ; the hospi-
table country gentleman, the oracle of farmers and the
companion of squires—through all such phases passed the
man who has traced with so easy a skill the " Varieties of
rlish Life." And in all this he has been true to his
own favourite maxim—" that the duty of man is not to be
one thing alone, but to accomplish as far as possible all the
faculties of his mind, and the faculties will lead of them-
selves to the objects in which he is most fitted to excel."
"If," says Goethe, " we do but our duty to our own minds,
we shall soon come to do it to the world." And in Bulwer
this comprehensiveness of study and life has been pre-
served from that satiety and weariness which often attend
extreme cultivation by an energy that seems never to know
repose, and which all temporary failure, all hostile criti-
cism, has only nerved into more stubborn perseverance.
No writer has owed so little to partisanship and cliques-
-110 writer been so assailed at the commencement of his
career, and at each new direction of his powers ; he has
never used his social influence to obtain favourers in the
press—he has descended to none of the acts by which
authors are forced into notoriety by reviewers—he has
fought his way to his present eminence single-handed, and
ewes his success even less to his genius than (to use the
expressive English word for the stout English quality) his
indomitable pluck.
Without committing ourselves in any degree to
presumed admiration of our author's " expressive
English word," we confess entire concurrence in
his statement of the fact communicated. Inde-
pendent, manly intellect will never be beholden to
the ephemeral influences of clique or coterie.
Small minds may derive a factitious importance
and attain a spurious reputation from the hypOcri-
Heal adulation of industrious sycophants ; but he
who would occupy a niche in the temple of Fame
must at least be able to stand alone and upright—
the " God of Day" requires no rush-light to point
attention to his beams. The author of the memoir
gives several illustrations of Bulwer's celerity of
invention as a dramatic author ; among others the
following account of the production of
"THE LADY OP LYONS."
Mr. Macready had just undertaken the management of
*went-garden with the honourable design to restore the
English drama. One evening the manager, speaking to
Bulwer of his risks and fears, said, " Oh ! if I could get a
play like the ' Honeymoon !' " In leg; than a fortnight
from that evening the Lady of Lyons" was written, and
in Macready's hands. It is unnecessary to speak of the
extraordinary success which attended this play. It was
produced without the name of the author. On the first
might of the performance, Bulwer was engaged upon a con-
stitutional debate in the House of Commons, and, after
having spoken there with great success, went to the theatre
just in time to see the curtain drop amidst the rapturous
stopianse of the audience.
Of Bulwer's general sympathy with the too
Trequently unfortunate, worldly position of literary
men, we have a fine example in the history of his
most recent dramatic labour,
" NOT SO BID AS WE SEEM."
We should here touch briefly on Bulwer's last dramatic
composition. The causes that conduced to it are well
known. In the autumn of 1850, a large party of friends,
eminent in letters and art,—Charles Dickens, Douglas
Jerrold, Mark Lemon, John Forster,—and the artists
Egg, Leach, Stone, and, we believe, Maclise, had assem-
bled at Knebworth, (Bulwer's residence in Herts,) and
delighted a rural audience with the exhibition of their
theatrical talents in Ben Jonson's comedy, "Every Man
in his Humour." Before separating, the conversation
tanned upon the melancholy condition of a well-known
man of letters ; and the idea was started to perform a
play in the provinces, the profits of which should be
applied to the relief of certain authors in distress. "But
why not to the foundation of some permanent fund for
be aid of all writers struggling against fortune now and
hereafter ? Why not to the establishment of fixed annui-
ties, rather than the temporary relief to which the laws of
the Literary Fund confine that institution? Why not to
tlie foundation of a joint benefit society,—such as the
Ong classes found for themselves, and from which the
idea
of
eleemosynary degradation is properly excluded ?
Why not couple with such a society some of the useful
and dignified objects of a college ?" Such were the various
suggestions that grew out of the first proposals, and into
which Bulwer entered with all the earnestness he has ever
evinced for whatever can benefit or raise men of letters by
profession. "If you will act a Play," said he, " I will
write it. If wescan gain money enough to found retreats
for authors—whatever name we may decide to bestow on
Apse retreats—l will give you the land." All present
Pledged themselves with enthusiasm to the undertaking.
Mlle comedy of " Nor so BAD AS WE SEEM" waS thus
Initten • The plan was made known to the Duke of
Onehire and received his grace's cordial co-operation.
a` room
and the lathe e duke's house was fitted up for a theatre,
ay
Majesty and was
acted there for the first time,
transferred
her.
to the Hanover-8afterwards transierrea
Prince Albert. It was .
of the provinces. ciVe Rooms, thence it went the round
e occasion, adap;',X teomedy itself, written as a piece
anaateur performers, the peculiar talents of selected
interest, Is not to be judgedNvth little relief from female
by
criti-
cism. As a play of character,iti.the severe rules of
excellent ; as a play of
interest, it is deficient ; and thescenes and situations,

Tke Dublin University Magazine. Dublin :
James M`Glashan.

The February number of this favourite periodical
fully sustains its usual excellence of character. It
opens with a racy paper on " The Food of the
Irish," in which every possible mode of cooking
and using the potato is discussed with much gusto
and in excellent spirit. The many blessings which
accompanied the culture of that esculent are dwelt
on with fondness, and displayed in glowing
language ; the miseries inflicted by its utter
destruction are described with harrowing pathos.
The results which have ensued from its annihilation
are given in the following

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, AND GENERAL COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.

Parishes. Square Miles. Population. Day & Sunday Schools
St. Joseph 9i 7,000
St. Andrew 13i 6,000

St. Lucy l3'
8,000 Day schools 49
St. Peter 14 11,000 Scholars 3,994
St. James 12 6,000 Sunday schools 22
St. Thomas 134 7,500 Scholars . 2,131
Total scholars in
St. George 161 9,000 Church Schools 6,726

Total... 166 f 120,000

12,922

Trinidad, in the same Diocese and Archdeaconry
Square miles, 2,400 ; population, 6,000 ; church accom-
modation, 3,950 ; attenders, 2,530 ; communicants, 280.
Island of Tobago, with one parish, containing four
places of worship :—Square miles, 100; population, 14,000;
church accommodation, 1,600; attenders, 1,300; com-
municants, 137. Day schools, 11; scholars attending
them, 860. Sunday schools, 10; scholars, 710. Infant
schools, 2. Total of scholars in Day, Infant and Sunday
schools, 1,630.

Rural-deanery of St. Vincent, island of St. Vincent :
Parishes of St. George and St. Andrew united—square
miles, 10; population, 7,000; church sittings, 1,300;
worshippers, 800. St. Paul's Chapel, sittings, 700 ; wor-
shippers, 170. Temporary place of worship at Bnecor-
ment. St. Patrick's and St David's united, square miles,
40 ; population, 4,000. Charlotte parish, 24 miles in
length—square miles, 80 ; population, 7,300. Beguia and
the Gruradines—square miles, 20 ; population, 20,300 ;
total church sittings, 5,580; attenders, 4,070; communi-
cants, 442. Total day schools, 15 ; number of scholars in
them, 696. Infant schools, 2 ; scholars, 123. Sunday
schools, 11; number of scholars, 1,077. Total Day, In-
fant, and Sunday schools, 37 ; number of scholars, 2,126.
Rural-deanery of Grenada, Island of Grenada :
Parishes. Square miles. Population.
St. George 26 9,000
St. James and St. Mark's united 24 5,000
St. Andrew and St. David 50 7,750
St. Patrick 16 2,300
Island of Carriacon 11 3,760