The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-09-13 00:00:00

TIIE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, AND GENERAL COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.

8 l'ilE LI V EitrUtili IAA 1/11.111J, li.l 1J li_r_liNi 114.111-11.4 k)k.n.,
m-
—
,
/ c —perhaps they were not so clever; he was impetuous and CO2IIMER UA 4. LMONETARY NEWS. quiet, but, including Saturday's business, the sales
' Zicrir 4-, i, -
V,41 0 ti' pi%
c.,l„tcoat garrulous ; they cool as cucumbers. MICHAEL was. ever consist of 100 hhds. BarbadOes at 335. 6d. up to
-41.-
1. anxious to wipe away from his corporation the medieval 40s. for grainy, 30 hhds. St. Lucia at 345. to 355.,
---___ --
FROM OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENT. he scarcely ever opened his mouth in public, which was A COMBINATION of circumstances, neither of
Benares at 38s. 3d. to 395. 9d., and 400 cases good
every opportunity he had, but he quoted the famous them sufficient in itself to create an alarm, have
4- speech about the "quality of mercy." MICHAEL SCALES• brown Bahia at 21s. per cwt. Nothing to notice
MONDAY MORNING. bade fair to be one day Lord Mayor ;in an evil moment together causedpublic ec ii a fall in the value of s u -•-
in Molasses, Rum, or Coffee. The Tea market is
Tic sheer disgust, and—doubt, I may as well add, I have he listened to the voice —not of the charmer—but of the ties, and a general stagnation of business, both in
steady, but no transactions to report ; a small
tempter. Science might have had something. to do with our commercial marts and districts
held my tongue (pen) silent, touching political affairs,—manufacturing ' public sale is declared for Thursday next. Of Sah-
li,. Comparative anatomy ? A demon in the shape of a The protracted settlement of the Turkish affair, the
Russia and Turkey—to wit. There is net a soul at thepetre 1,100 bags are reported at 275. 6d. for 51,
journeyman, clever at "dressing' an animal think he continued decrease of the stock of bullion in the
clubs can say more. The few Ministers who are here only was a Spaniard, tall, with tremendous shining black Bank of England, the increase in the rate of dis- 28s. for 41, and 30s. per cwt. for 11 per cent. re-
remain an hour or two in town per diem ; cutting out a iskinoutaachtio?—grease he
journeyman had
fdotrhneo thing Linneetheef park, on
toan.
count, with the probability of its further rise to five fraction. 400 bales Jute sold at £23 10s. to £24 55.,
bit of work for their moustached precis writers. Every- dor.n Sunday,
WP2Shis iohinteed thata he could and "dress" a per cent., and the uncertainty which prevails as to and 80 bales ordinary Bombay Hemp at £2O per ton.
thing in Downing-street is kept as close as a miser's donkey, which the keenest eye could not distinguish from the future, have tended to paralyze operations. The COTTON.—We have already remarked on the
fist; and even now, beyond the Ministers, no oneknows a calf similarly served. Done. The donkey was slain, Funds have declined, but Railway Shares have stagnation which pervades most commercial opera-
what on earth made them telegraph for Lord JOHN straightway dressed,
.and hung in Mr. SCALES'S back ex-
still more, particularly
shamble. The deception was perfect. CUVIER, ASTLEY
the large sums to be embarked in addi- ception. Of the 32,590 bales comprising the sales
RUSSELL, all the way from his mourning relatives inperhaps, to
COOPER, BnoniE, OWEN, would not have been able to up to Friday, 2,490 were on speculation, and 5,630
Scotland, among whom he was; Lady MINT°, his wife's detect the departed brayer from the succulent calf! tional lines. Exchequer Bills have maintained
for export. On Saturday thesales were only 5,000
mother, having just been buried. At a club dinner— MICHAEL SCALES did not wish,enfiaersless aettedmjet,
wtase pyaelnm their value, but it is said that the Chancellor of
- the Exchequer has bales, and TO-DAY the market was still heavier,
there are such things still left in London—say of three or off
tilattlecel ass
forl, even
ifnorap
t°w the whole court of been " Bull-ing" the market
with Savings Banks' money, an operation not diffi- the sales reaching only 4,000 bales, of which about
four, "Is there to be a war ?" is the first question ;to aldermef vere at MICHAEL. From that day he never rose 1,000 were on speculation and for export.
which no answer is given. I firmly think that matters a step in the civic ladder, leading, if not to the temple of cult considering the small amount afloat. On the
fame, certainly to the Mansion House. MICHAEL, for a whole, there is not so much ground for apprehen- SALES. I IMPORTS.
look more bellicose now than they did three months ago.
long time thought he could get into parliament ; that sion as many seem to imagine • the fluctuations have ~____Thir.----A......—..--,
;Sept. 9. this yr. Sept. 9.1
This hanging on system don't look cordial. Among the' DESCRIPTION. PRICES•, Week 1 Previ.. Week f This STOCK
fiery peer, and then "fast man," the Earl of MORNING- not been by any means extravagant, and should we iending r ously ending —
Turks the most ardent feeling in favour of a war of bade- ioN, had much to do with MICHAEL, who never got into have a few good arrivals of specie within the next
pendence is everywhere apparent; while in St. Peters- parliament. few weeks, the Bank returns may present a very
Year. se„, 9
l' Twas on a simmer's afternoon, 509700
burgh they are absolutely raving for onslaught on the A wee before the sun went down"— different aspect. sea Island —ll7 @37 480 15450
Stained ....1 7i 15 20 1330 1 3449. 454332, ....
Turcoman. These are facts which we learn in the City' of
I found SCALES dozing on his sofa, his arms steeped in The monthly returns of the Board of Trade,
irbWes • 15 6 ro Eggi 1 •• • •
London, am the merchants. of both countries, as you blood up to the shoulders; though with much pelf he had made up to the sth of August, again show a con- New Orleans. 4i 7i 11730 763700 12697 892721 ::::
smell rhuba. gith the one, or eat caviare with the other. been helping his men—in short, it had been killing day. siderable increase in the amount of our foreign Pernams, &c. 6i 4
,s.:(;))1 54780 .... 41102, 8030
If such be the wish of the two peoples, it will require ITIcin.4.EL was ruminating—thinking aloud,arthe thus—" Oh—"h—" 01. trade, particularly in exports, and also in the' im- 13Airtiti; •: a 71 590 r Val .2.6.1.0 ,i4lOl 206708
greater strength of mind,'action, and utterance, than are I cocugrreld'and cut short theegexpected ihuema. He had ports of Wheat and other articles of general con- Demerara, &c 73 :...,
.570 .... 495; 500
to be found in our coalition Cabinet, doubled and doubled been dreaming of WELLESLEY LONG POLE TILNEY sumption. It must, however, be borne in mind artri:iic-. g 1 _i i 839'0' 9goo 16941. 8•34r1; 8489098 g
over again, to quell it. The Ministers are sticking POLE, &c., now Earl of MORNINGToN. MICHAEL'S bro- that the totals of exports are made up from the Surat
ther tr.adesmant the Lord
.Meyor, is sorely damaged hi returns of the exporters, against whom there is no
together, for no other purpose than the+, of keeping their ' !_i and rals - -_—_
i 44 .... 4665 1630
that railway accident ; but if it were to happen, at all, it possible check as to the correct estimates of' value ; ue ga
places. ABERDEEN and PALMERSTON'S affections do not —_,--- --
could not have occurred more opportunely—CHALLlS -
and though at present there may be no apparent 32590'1777990 10492 1721060 761989
the same way tend ; but as they both want to stay in, they 1 well-attended and brilliant gastronomic period havinig:::• 1 3359 J•• - • 1912061 119840
object to serve in overstating the amount, the
talk limberly on the subject of Russia and Turkey. There passed;—all ri\jraone.oncloiouseendicennaegehAebar
pnargivenp.
h return is still open to the objection. At one time WOOL.—No change to note in the Wool market
will be a glorious smash. by-and-bye. PAS:SLY may babble with a reference to the price of provisions and the other a small duty was levied on exportation, which this week ; a full average amount of business has
at Mechanics' Institutes; JAMIE GRAHAM may twist and , necessaries of life. Be it so. One thing is certain, that operated in some degree as a check ; but the aver- been done at firm vices ; a sale of about 200 bags
,
untwist rope-yarn at the Dock Yards, and hold forth about at present food in the metropolis is just one-third more care of Sir ROBERT PEEL for. the interests of Com- black Spanish Mermo and a small sale of Alpaca is
Sir ROBERT SRPPINGS and round sterns, as much as he . in pthealnseit •ctatsheas yesearecny;
araneddesaro oner wikl,iwaelnzysst
merce removed this slight obstacle, and a mer- reported at medium quotations. The general aspect
likes, making old tarry trowsers grin ; ABERDEEN ma ; everythingao inspected. the stockpot' one of the most extensive chant who is desirous of making out a colourable of the market on the Whole looks favourable, and
coldly repose at Blackheath, in lettered case ; Mopps- 1 establishments in Europe ; every inch of stuff had ad- -case of prosperity, or of deterring other merchants should the long-disputed question between Russia
Won= may squint and contort—all will not do-. The i vanced in price. The cause ? They couldn't tell,—mut- from shipping to a particular port, may put what and Turkey show symptoms of an amicable settle-
: tered something about export trade,—Australia,. and. so the goods which he exports, ment, considerable animation may be looked for in
image of gold and wood, and brass and clay—'specially thevalue he pleases on
forth. This is melancholy, yet worse remains behind ; this branch of trade,: The imports for the week
latter—will stand no longer. Meantime, you might as well ;
employment is not very plentiful, nor Very well paid. and they swell the returns accordingly. Upon the
be in the midst of the great desert of' Sahara, as in Pall 1 Yet at no time do I remember to have seen our theatres aggregate value of exports during the month
Mall,—as far as regards political news. i and places of amusement so crowded, or our working ended the sth of August there has been an in- ure not very extensive:-
I people better clad, or more joyous. Let us take a view of crease of £1,405,918, as compared with the corres-
Whatever can the matter be with that hymenopterousLECTUßES ON COMM.E.RCIAL LAW.
two theatres, one' in the East, do among " plucks and pondinc, month of last year. Of this sum the
inseCt--WeVa-waV, JOHN ARTHUR ROEBUCK ? Not- : jemmies" at Shoreditch. This house has been nearly re- • ' '
increase was, on Cotton, ...,
withstanding his piping speech among the cutlers the i built, and nearly doubled in size ;it crammedd tosuffo-.. ~,, A,, . Ti.,,,,,..rin £398,467 ; Metals,
.1,,,,,, ..,a ivrm;,,,.,., '9au IAR - Os Thursday last, Mr. Lira delivered the third'l.cture

of bullion in the
—,ase in the rate of 61'
count, with the probability of its further rise to five
per cent., and the uncertainty which prevails as to
the future, have tended to paralyze operations. The
Funds have declined, but Railway Shares have
still more, particularly North-Westerns, owing,
perhaps, to the large sums to be embarked in addi-
tional lines. Exchequer Bills have maintained
their value, but it is said that the Chancellor of
the Exchequer has been " Bull-ing" the market
with Savings Banks' money, an operation not diffi-
cult considering the small amount afloat. On the
whole, there is not so much ground for apprehen-
sion as many seem to imagine ; the fluctuations have
not been by any means extravagant, and should w
have a few good arrivals of specie within the next
few weeks, the Bank returns may present a very
different aspect.
The monthly returns of the Board of Trade,
made up to the sth of August, again show a con-
siderable increase in the amount of our foreign
trade, particularly in exports, and also in the im-
ports of Wheat and other articles of general con-
sumption. It must, however, be borne in mind
that the totals of exports are made up from the
returns of the exporters, against whom there is no
possible check as to the correct estimates of value ;
and though at present there may be no apparent
object to serve in overstating the amount, the
return is still open to the objection. At one time
a small duty was levied on exportation, which
operated in some degree as a check ; but the over-
care of Sir ROBERT PEEL for. the interests of Com-
merce removed this slight obstacle, and a mer-
chant who is desirous of making out a colourable
case of prosperity, or of deterring other merchants
from shipping to a particular port, may put what
value he pleases on the goods which he exports,
and they swell the returns accoralingly. Upon the
aggregate value of exports during the month
ended the sth of August there has been an in-
crease of £1,405,918, as compared with the corres-
ponding month ,of last year. Of this sum the
increase was, on Cotton, £328,467 ; Metals,
£269,414 ; Haberdashery and Millinery, £263,186 ;
or, no less than 116 per cent. ; Woollen Manufac-
tures, £141,642 - Linen Manufactures, £90,930 ;
Hardwares, £807,454 ; Beer and Ale, £61,459 ;
Machinery, £60,794 ; and Leather, £47,.703. The
decrease was, on Wool, Woollen Yarn,. Linen Yarn,
Cotton Yarn, and Thrown Silk and Yarn;. all partly
manufactured goods. Upon the first seven months
of the year the total increase was 29,723,083, or
more than 24 per cent. over the corresponding
period of 1852. Upon foreign goods taken for
home consumption there was an increase of—
Wheat, 416,497 quarters ; Indian Corn, 196,890
quarters ; Butter and Cheese, 38,735 cwt. ; COffee,
569,359 lbs. ; and Sugar, 138,000 cwts. Of Wine,
the exports increased from 528,502 to 1,119,481
gallons, and the quantity taken for home consump-
tion from 511,916 to 605,051 gallons. The raw
materials for manufactures show no particular al-
teration except in Wool, of which the quantity re-
exported was less by about 450,000 lbs.
The returns of shipping entered inwards and
cleared outwards show a small increase of British
vessels and tonnage, while that of foreign shipping
is enormous. Of the vessels entered inwards
during the seven months the increase is as fol-
lows :

standing his pip, among the cutlers
other day at Sheffield, he is worn to the bone, and a melan-
chOly sight, not owing to want of the healthful breeze, for
-^l-p what remains

_y doubled m size ; it is crammed to suffo-
cation every night. SHAKSPEARE and the better class of
dramas are played, ANDERSON taking the lead, with.an
enormous salary. This looks well. I remember what
Drury-lane Theatre was on a Saturday night, twenty
years and more ago ;—with great actors —a beggarly
account of empty boxes, empty pit, empty galleries.
What was the state of this once noble temple of MEL-
POMENE, on last Saturday night, when I went there ?
Crammed to the ceiling ! It made one's heart swell with
pride, or something better, to see the galleries packed by
human beings as close as they could well be. Standing
room nowhere,—excepting here and there a niche in the
back seats of some of the boxes. The play was Othello ;
DAVENPORT, the Moor ; BROOKE, lago ; GEORGE BEN-
NETT, Brabantio ; the names of the other persons I do
not know. The play was given in a manner which was
really an honour to Drury-lane ; careful and scholarlike
throughout was it rendered, with occasional gleams of
genius. But it was the greedy, the eager attention
with which my old acquaintances in the galleries
drank in every measure of the great creature's grand
work—Othello ! It is not necessary to criticise the
performance of BROOKE ; his lago is good ; but not
so good as his Othello. DAVENPORT gave unmistake-
able evidences of his being an actor and a Shaksperian
scholar, with wonderful physique. BROOKE surprised me
a little by his dress. lago was no popinjay. BROOKE
had something white on his head, like one of those Protean
paper hats that dexterous varlets may be seen sometimes
turning into all sorts of shapes and things. This was bad
enough, but to make lago's head-gear worse—more pre-
posterous—if BROOKE had plundered the tails of a dozen
parroquets and macaws, the gaudiest that ever screamed
in Australia, he could not have made himself, or his hat,
more ludicrous. Two feathers in your cap, Master
BROOKE—one a rifle green, t'other scarlet. Try mine.
The theatre is crowded every evening ; but when I have
stated that it was so on Saturday, proverbially the worst
in the week, I have said enough to indicate prosperity
and an undying appreciation of the immortal WILLIAM.
Managers at the other houses are laying on their oars
previous to their winter campaigns. HENRY RUSSELL, a
clever man enough, is filling the Lyceum with his touches
of negro life and melodies; he sings some of CHARLIE
MACKIE'S nicely written songs, such as "Cheer Boys,
Cheer !" with much effect. ALBERT SMITH, on Saturday,
closed Mount Blanc for a short season. He has banked
a world of money, and will take care of it too.
KEELEY and his wife, Jon's COOPER and ALBERT SMITII
take the greatest possible care of their assets. MACKE-
It_uy's first number of the " Newcomes' " is ready for Oc-
tober ; his fellow-illustrator is young DoYLE, the son of
H. 8., who left Punch a couple of years since, for con-
science sake. Young DOYLE is a Roman Catholic, and did
not like to see Protestant Punch " cutting" at WisEme x.
What is the young artist's father about ? For several
years he has not sent out one bit of caricature. The
library people are losers by the non-appearnce of H. B.'s
works ; a guinea a night, for the hire of a copy or two at a
party, was not a bad return.

Ora Thursday last, Mr. LEvr delivered the third Icture
of his- - series on Commercial' Law., in the Chamber of-Com-
merc This lecture was devoted to a continued discussion

he is as embrowned as sun
of him. It cannot be atr(
for that would have eaten hini up long ago. lam certain
t is not consumption, for his wind seems as sound as The
FlOng Dutchman's ; but there he is, as thin as a lath,
and his eyes careworn, as if they never closed in balmy
sleep. They (the eyes) have the same appearance as you
sometimes see in the Zoological Gardens, in a peevish
member of the Simia family—solitary or ill with the
toothache. Long. may ROEBUCK live, because there is
cleverness in him, and no humbug. Long may he live !
JOAN PooLE, the author of " Paul Pry," meeting
DOUGLAS JERROLD one day, grasped him by the hand,
and rather mal apropos, in the fulness of the heart
the mouth spoke—" Ah ! JERROLD, I thought you were
dead." DOUGLAS paused for an instant, and it
may be saucily answered—even at his own expense
—"-No, POOLE, not yet ; venomous things live
long." Everybody at that time stigmatised JERROLD as
venomous, till, in the simplicity of his heart, I really do
believe he began to think of the old saw, that what every-
body says must be true. DOUGLAS JERROLD is not ve-
nomous. ROEBUCK has every appearance of being, as I
have hinted, of that genius ; hence, poor fellow, he may
be spared to enliven us, and correct us with his bitters.
Joinf Aurnra ROEBUCK is one of the best melodramatic
actors in Parliament. He once deemed it expedient, of all
references extant, for him to read a chapter of Scripture
to the Commons, " to suit his purpose," as we are told a
certain antique personage can do. JOHN ARTHUR ROE-
BUCK took out the sacred volume, read a verse or two,
perhaps, before the house was aware what he was about.
So it appeared to me. ROEBUCK read on, solemnly, sono-
rously, emphatically,—every member uncovered ; that
simple act had a grand effect ! The simple but reveren-
tial act told much for the prosperity of believing England !
As the hon. member read, I remembered RICHARD 111.
and EDMUND KEAN ; and then I looked at ROEBUCK,
and thought of all three.

1 air can

feet of nourishment—

of the principles which regulate the practice and formation
of partnerships—their nature antivarying denominations—
The rights and liabilities of partners, and their obligations
to each other and to third parties: At the conclusion. of
the lecture there was a discussion, in which several gentle,-
men took part,

LECTURE, YESTERDAY,

The fourth lecture of the series was given in the Cham-
ber of Commerce, yesterday, at one o'clock, on which occa-
sion the chair was occupied by
Mr. EHWARD HEATH, who opened the business by
stating his conviction that the value of the lectures was
not to be estimated by the limited natureof the attendance;
and he expressed a hope that Mr. Levi.would not be dis-
couraged at the apparent apathy displayed. He felt as-
sured that the merchants of Liverpool would evince their
sense of the important nature of the lectures, when they
should have an. opportunity of perusing. them at leisure,
which they would do, as he (the chairman) understood
they were about to be published.
Mr. LEVI then proceeded to say that in the preced-
ing lecture he had endeavoured to shoe the principles
on which the law assumed partnerships' to be formed,
and in some degree to point out the rights and the
liabilities of partners. He then went en to say, that
partnerships are generally constituted under special
contract, by which each partner acquires a determinate share
of right in the profits. In the absence of any contract,
the assumption was, that all the partner& had an equal
interest in the partnership; and this, he said; would apply
where one individual partner supplied the whole of the
capital, while the other supplied only the labour. Where
contracts did not exist, however, entries in the books of
the firm would be found equally suitable in, defining the
relative shares of each partner, with referencetothe others.
By the law of Scotland: an equality of partnership is not,
he said, assumed ; and in France and Spain the assumed
relative position of the partners is regulated. by laws pe-
culiar tooach of the countries. In all cases it is provided
that the interest in profits can only be ascertained after
the losses have been provided for. In transactions with
third parties, each partner is looked on as the accredited
agent of the others. He possesses, said he, an equal right
to dispose of the partnership property, by sale, or by
pledging. He can effect assurances on that property, and
can act in cases of bankruptcy, or of negociation, unless
there be a special restriction in the contract, or by agree-
ment, against his doing so. A partner, however, can only
bind his co-partners in a single transaction - and in case
of drawing a bill of exchange, it must -be endorsed in the
true style, and by the ordinary designation of the firm,
otherwise the partnership is not bound by it. If a partner
draw a bill in the name of his firm, even if in discharge
of his own debt,that would prima facie form a binding do-
cument, unless a case of collusion could be established; but
if collusion or fraud between the parties could be estab-
lished, then it would not be binding on the firm. Any
knowledge acquired by the party receiving the benefit
subsequent to the transaction would not invalidate the
document. A partner, however, is not at liberty to borrow
money in the name of the firm to raise capital for ori-
ginating that firm. If a partner in a firm wishes to avoid
liability, he can do so, but only by express and published
notice to that effect. A sale of goods by one partner to
another is held to be a sale, not from the individual to the
individual, but to the firm. Parties dealing with a firm
which has been changed in its constituents, and of which
change due notice has been given, are presumed to have
exercised the usual precautions for ascertaining who they
deal with, and they cannot afterwards fall back upon the
partners of the old firm as responsible. As an instance, he
might give the case of T. C. and his three sons, who carried
on business for a long time, but in 1835 T. C. died. After
this two of his sons set up another firm, and duly
gazetted that they had ceased to have any interest in the
previous concern. William, the other son, continued trade
under the old name ; and a bill having been drawn on it,
the drawer sought to recover against the other brothers ;
but they were held not liable, as it was considered by the
court the drawer should have made an inquiry as to who
he was dealing with. Co-partners may, he showed, be
bound by the acts of their partners even contrary to their
express declaration of non-responsibility--as in the case. of
a coach-proprietary, where the firm had posted up notices in
all their places of businessthat they wouldnotberesponsible
for goods entrusted to them for carriage, above a certain
specified amount, unless particular conditions were com-
plied with. A woman, who was proved to be a partner,
agreed to carry goods and incur the responsibility con-
trary to the terms stated by the other partners ; and they
were found responsible for the damage sustained by those
goods, on the ground that she was a partner in the firm,
and that it was bound by her acts. He stated other cases
illustrative of such responsibility, but also showed that, if
a fair ground existed for believing that third parties were
in reality cognisant of specially restricted liability of any
one who had ceased to be a partner in a firm, the indivi-
dual so restricting his liability would not be held further
responsible. He also showed, by allusion to cases, that
individuals becoming managing partners in a firm cannot
convert the business of that firm to other objects than
those to which it was originally devoted ; neither can they
compel disapproving partners to receive back payment of
their capital, and so put them out of the firm. The law
of Scotland, as it related to partnerships, he said, was much
better than that of England, as it was a mixture of law
and equity. He next entered into a lengthened examina-
tion of the mode in which the Court of Chancery acts, in
reference to partnerships, and showed that it was dilatory
and expensive. He concluded by intimating that his next
lecture would take up the subject of dissolutions of part-
nerships; and intimated his readiness to answer any ques-
tions, or to clear up any misapprehension which might
have arisen in the course of his lecture.
A discussion ensued, in the course of which, in answer
to Mr. M`Fie, Mr. LEVI stated that, where no expressed
restriction as to the liability has been made public, the
responsibility of partners was understood in law to be of
the widest kind. He also said, in answer to a question,
that in an English firm, with a branch establisned at Pa,
nama, the home partners would be under the operation of
the English partnership laws, while the Panama portion of
the firm would be under the Spanish law, unless the part-
ners abroad were also English, in which case all the parties
would fall under the operation of the English law.
The CHAIRMAN then proposed a vote of thanks to Mr.
Levi for his lecture and explanations, which was carried,
and the meeting separated.

British 282 ships, 145,819 tons.
Foreign 2,331 „ 804,432 „
The latter being an increase of more that 01 per
cent., and the former being below 7 per cent. Of
vessls cleared outwards during the same period
the return is as fellows :

British...decrease 435 ships,. increase 23,876 tons.
Foreign..increase 1,612 ~ , 333,272 „
The latter being an increase of more than 26 per
cent., and the former being under 1 per cent.
These being the results from official returns, no
doubt can remain as the effect of the repeal of the
Navigation Laws in promoting the employment of
foreign vessels at the expense of our own shipping.
We stated last week that the drain upon the
Bank of England for bullion might be attributed,
in a great measure, to the increase of our foreign
trade, by which a larger. amount of capital was
necessarily absorbed ' • and this view is confirmed
by the returns which we have just quoted. It ap-
pears that, during the seven months of this year,
the excess of wheat and flour alone which has
been imported amounts to 1,425,453 quarters and
538,144 cwt., the value of which in round numbers
may be estimated at £4,000,000, in addition to
other articles of general consumption, which may
bring the total increase to about the same amount
as that on our exports. But while the greater
part of the former will have been paid for, the re-
turns for the latter have not yet been realised, and
the amount has therefore, for the time, been with-
drawn from circulation,—a circumstance sufficient
in itself to account for the absorption of all our
receipts of gold, and something more, without
exciting any apprehensions as to commercial
security, as far as this point is concerned. There
is, however, the recent speculation in corn, by
which prices have been forced up to a higher level
than can be justified by the reports of our own
harvest, or those from the principal corn-producing
countries. A warning voice has already been
given in raising the rate of discount, which has
partially checked the upward movement, but
should this not prove effectual, the Bank of Eng-
land may apply the screw, as it did in the begin-
ning of 1829, under similar circumstances, and
the result was a fall more sudden than the rise.
It is, however, to be hoped, that the appeal to
such a remedy will not be deemed necessary, as the
consequences will be injurious to other interests, as
was the case at the period we allude to, and again
in 1837, when the screw was applied to the Ame-
rican trade.
The SHARE MARKET has been in a most despond-
ing state during the past week. At present there
seems little hope of improvement, from the in-
creasing tightness of money, and the indisposition
on the part of the public to act.—Caledonians,
304 830 29-k Is 4 1 ; Eastern Counties, 121 1 ;
East Lancashire, 171 ;as
shire, 701 1.4 1 -} 1 1 1 70691 71 69+ i;
Leeds Northern, 14; London Stock, 104 31 3 3c
32 ; Sheffield Stock, 201 20 ; Midland Stock,
621 14 2 1s 2 14 4; North British, 67,-; Dover
Stock, 191 98* 9 8-1 ; York and North Midland,
241 4 ; Manchester, 4Sheffield, and Lincoln pref.
£lO shares, 9-1; Greenock guaranteed CI shares,9 ;
North and South Wales Bank, 54 ; Lancashire
Insurance, 13-16 p.
The return from the Bank of England for the
week ending the 3rd of Sept., gives the following
results, when compared with the previous week :
Public deposits £4,701,598; Increase £99,913
Other deposits 11,017,313; Decrease 116,043
Rest ... 3,634,523; Increase 343,083
On the other side of the account—
Government securities £12,773,176; Decrease 254,406
Other securities 14,540,194; Increase 715,359
Notes unemployed 7,696,695 ; Decrease 58,650
The amount of notes in circulation is £22,465,945,
being a decrease of £310,360 ; and the stock of
bullion in both departments is £l6,soo,o6B,showing
a decrease of £462,850, when compared with the
preceding return.

"And see, a book of prayer in his band :
True ornament to know a holy man ; "
ROEBUCK would be right welcome, were he to take a run
over for two or three days to Cannes, and see his dear
friend, Lord. BROUGHAM, who has cut his stick, and gone
to his estate in the south of France. BROUGHAM has got
a grand work on the anvil. BYRON, or somebody like him,
if ever there were such, says that avarice is the vice of
age ; so LEIGH HUNT prettily says, that polished writing
is the virtue of aged authors. Lora Thsocra.A.aa's seclusion
at Cannes may yet be made manifest in a work distin-
guished in style by the finely marshalled phrases of MA-
CA.ULAY, and the more colloquial ones of his lordship's
other friend, JOHN CAMPBELL.
Unquestionably the book of the week is The Pan-
tropheon, or history of food from the earliest ages of the
world, by A. SOYER. I remember the late Sir HENRY
HALFORD, the kind and skilled physician, gentleman and
Sch.olar, at one of those learned and graceful reunions
which lade lustrous the evening of a long and honourable
life, say, that, in the treatment of many diseases, we had
not improved upon the system laid down by the early
Greek physicians. Sir HENRY adduced several proofs
from the time of AREY.mus to his own day. It is not to
my purpose to enumerate these. A perusal of the tome
of the great culinary artist, ALEXIS SOYER, bears out the
startling fact, that the opinion of Sir HENRY HALPORD,
as regarded medicine, is almost equally true with respect
to that most important matter—having to do with the
preservation of body and soul—the preparation of food,
our meats and our drinks ; both of which, doubtless, have
great effects, for good or for evil, on our acts and affections.
CASTLEREAGH, it was mentioned, cut the carotid artery,
from having caused an excess of bile by eating too many
buttered muffins (so it was said). The proximate cause of
GEoRoR CANNING'S death was that great statesman's eating
too robustly of baked turtle. How much, then, should—not
the base gourment, but the diletan te, hail with delight
the advent of SOTER'S new book, which is written in a
most learned yet playful spirit. One heaves a sigh as the
classical pages are turned over, and sees that the book—
the Pantropheon—is only for the aristocracy. The space
allotted to me in your columns, even during this our
dullest solstice, forbids me going much into SOYER'S
volume, or its savoury contents. I open it hap-hazard ; I
read about servants, for the " knowing" Frenchman
touches on everything in connection with his subject. I
won't quote SOYER—that would be too formal—in this
plate ; I shall describe here a little and there a little of
the aforesaid chapter. Let us begin with a joke of
PLAUTUS, culled and collated by SOYER, in reference to
the servants or slaves of the ancients ; they were often
marked with a hot iron on the back, the hands, the cheeks,
or the forehead. PLAUTUS, whose comic vein respected
neither the power of the gods nor the sanctity of misfor-
tune, called these unfortunate creatures " lettered slaves"
(servos literatos). Apropos. The postmen are punned
upon much in the same way, by being called men of
letters. Among the ancients there was the steward,
called the dispensator, who apportioned the labour, the
food, and the chastisements. Happily, we have stewards
yet for all the purposes of the ancients, save and except
punishment, which I really think is an improvement on
their social code. The house-porter Of the olden time
(ostiarius) must have been a "rum 'un" ; to make. sure
of his vigilance, he was chained to his post. The voca-
tores were great men in their way. The penny-postage
among ourselves has done away with them, except at the
opera, the theatres, and so forth. The vocatores carried
the invitations. Their functions required a peculiar kind
of urbanity and long experience on the part of the person
who attempted to fulfil them. The vocatores of the opera
know every inch of the metropolis, however fractionally
fashionable it may be, however semi-obscure the invited.
The nomenc-ulatores still exist in season at the Mansion-
house, Guildhall, Devonshire-house, when the duke gives
a party, and at one or two other places where usages
"most consecrate of old" still remain ; they named the
guests, and went a step further than we do when festively
given—they named the dishes and their qualities. At this
migrating part of the year, the nomeneu7atores are emi-
nently useful on the Continent. The structor among the
Greeks and Romans arranged the dishes symmetrically ;
our table-dresser, as he is humbly called, does the same
thing. The antique banquet over,—servants with torches
and lanterns, called adversitores, conducted their masters
home, and pointed out to them the stones that might be
lying in their path, and which repeated libations might
have prevented their visual organ from discovering. Our
cab is an improvement upon the adversitores. These are
but a few of the servitors mentioned by SOYER. He gives
also a list of miserable, obscure beggars ; among them
the " stokers," not of steam-boat or railway engine, but
buffers, who cut the wood, lighted and attended to the
fires : they were called foscarii. The sweepers were styled
scoparii ; and kept the apartments and furniture clean.
The author will excuse me for the liberty I have taken
with his text, in superadding familiar applications. As
far as he has been tried, his classical allusions, with which
the book is crammed, have not been found wrong. The
illustrations are numerous, and the finest I have ever
seen of the sort. Altogether I do not regret having
pounced upon this chapter, since it brings to my recollec-
tion a remark made by that amiable and accomplished
prince, the Consort of the SOVEREIGN, when speaking of
servants ; on one occasion he said feelingly, that they were
entitled to our strong regard ; they were the first to re-
ceive us, all helpless, and, callous as we are, they tended
us through life, and bestowed their last best offices on us
when leaving it. From first to last we can't do without
them. But, melancholy to relate, such has been, and is,
the poisonous system of bringing up servants, that there
are not two in a hundred worth a bunch of doe,
The last remark, be it understood, is your corre,
from experience, and not that of the illustrie-
„ered to, who has, in his retinue, some pc
t
is testified every day, and not more se
s
do
,Reral roof, Great Gotha, some ys-
only to seemed only to be happy in ministering not
panied his wishes, but to those of his guests who -
need not h
m by the score from England to 0-
• placed a re hesitat^
of the reprerie pala
kill game, and
why shcadar it.
citizen and cit story the death of MICHAEL SCALES,
tyro or three day butcher? Ido not know. MICHA.EL died
for all the rubs bays moo, at the ripe age of seventy-one years,
way. Mimi:LA:EL was oil of a life remarkable in that
HELLISH, the father :).ife,_pf three noted butchers : JohN
•the Right Hon. THOAIASIII&CA
Countess of GLENGALL, and
Lord
Lon-
tip, Mayor of Lon-
, being the other two, TheY•werc %Au thtua §ca.kivi

LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

LIST week the Liverpool and Manchester Agricultural
Society held its sixth annual show ; and, according to the
concurring testimony of the judges and the spectators, the
show of animals was better on this than on previous occa-
sions. At the dinner which took place after the competi.
tion, this gratifying fact was alluded to by more than one
of the speakers, in terms of satisfaction. As is usual at
such dinners, where the sole object of the meeting is not
confined to mere eating, drinking, and mutual compliment,
several suggestions were thrown out by gentlemen con-
versant with the subjects, having for .their aim the prac-
tical development of the objects of the society. Of these
speakers the Chairman, in pointed terms, alluded to the
superiority of English over Irish labourers, and urged on
both landlords and tenants to give liberal encouragement
to their own countrymen, bearing in mind, as a leading
rule of action, the maxim " Live and let live." Mr.
WILSON PATTEN, M.P. for South Lancashire, discussed
at considerable length the disadvantages under which
agriculturists labour, from the want of statistics by which
they can be gaided in directing their operations into par-
ticular channels; remarking that no one can tell with cer-
tainty whether the present high prices of agricultural
produce are occasioned by a circumscribed supply, or by
other causes.

Another point to which Mr. PATTEN directed attention,
and on which he laid considerable stress, was the incon-
venience and uncertainty occasioned by varying and con-
flicting standards of weights and measures, used for the
sale or purchase of agricultural produce, in different parts
of the country, and often in different districts of the same
county. Some inconvenience, no doubt, arises from the
want of uniformity. We are hardly, however, prepared to
go to the full length which Mr. PATTEN goes, either with
respect to the amount of evil occasioned by the irregular
practice, or as to the extent of benefit which would be de-
rived from the uniformity he advocates so strenuously.
Although not uniform in different districts, the weights
and measures are not relatively fluctuating ; and a similar
amount of application with that required by our mer-
chants in reducing the weights and measures of foreign
countries to the standard of our own, would enable
farmers to master the variations in adjoining or even distant
counties. It is, however, purely a question of practice, as
by act of Parliament all goods are ordered to be sold by
standard weights and measures.
A matter of more real importance to agriculturists
generally than that of uniform weights and measures, was
introduced to the notice of the meeting by Mr. GREY,
farmer, at Dilston, near Newcastle-on-Tyne. We mean
attention to the introduction of those classes of stock best
suited to the natural and acquired conditions of the district.
He impressed on the meeting, with much cogency of ar-
gument, the profitable nature of that kind of study which
would enable the farmers of a particular district to discover
and cultivate those breeds of animals most likely to yield
a profitable return for the amount of keep on which they
are maintained. In this species of knowledge, he showed
the farmers of our neighbourhood, that they are by no
means proficients, and Ir•rzed them to an effort for its im-
mediate acquirement. L,:ch information would indeed be
to them useful knowledge, and we doubt not that their
own good sense *5 ll speedily induce them to find out the
means of its acquisition.

PRODUCE.—In Sugar there has been a large
business done, and for refining descriptions very
full prices have been realised ; the sales consisted
0f...1,100 hhds. 8.P., 4,000 bags of Bengal, and

6,500 bags of Mauritius. The— sales of Toreign
during the week were 70 cases, 3,500 bags and
brls. Brazil, 260 hhds. Cuba Muscovado, and 100
boxes Havanna. Of Molasses the finer descriptions
not much in demand, whilst the lower have been
required for purposes of distillation. There is a
better demand for Coffee, but the limited supply
curtails the extent of business. Para and Surinam
Cocoa sold at 30s. to 31s. per cwt. Rice has been
in less demand; Carolina sold at 235. 9d. to 255.;
Bengal at 13s. to 13s. 6d., being rather cheaper ;
and Madras, to arrive, at 11s. per cwt. For Rum
the demand is active, at full prices. Of Tea,
Congous have been in request at about ls. ld., but
few offering ; medium kinds have found ready sale
at ls. 3d. to is. 4d. ; second class Monings, ls. 61d.
to is. Bd. per lb. Scented Orange Pekoes and
clean Scented Capers in demand ; supply very
small. Rather more inquiry for Saltpetre. No
change in Nitrate of Soda. In Hides no sales of
moment. Olive Oil in fair demand, at fully pre-
vious rates. Seal Oil in fair demand, without
change in price. Linseed and pale Rape Oil in
moderate request. Palm Oil in good demand ;
1,000 tons on the spot sold at LW 10s. to £37 55.,
and 800 tons to arrive at £37 per ton. Tallow in
better request, at 525. 6d. for Petersburg Y.C., and
at 48s. to 525. per cwt. for South American. Of
Jute the sales amount to 3,000 bales, at very full
prices. Manilla Hemp, £42 to £49 per ton.
T9-AAT Vax Sugg, =riot ha§ Income ratlwr

AT THE COLLEGIATE INSTITUTION, on Wednesday
evening, Mr. Levi gave the first of another series of lec-
tures on the same subject. The chair on this occasion was
occupied by the Rev. Mr. Howson, who, on introducing
the lecturer, said, that a knowledge of the main features of
commercial law ought to form part of a merchant's educa-
tion. In a recent tour on the continent he had visited
two large and flourishing schools of commerce, one at
Leipzig and the other at Paris. At the former the prin-
ciples of law and political economy, in connexion with
commerce, were systematically taught to young men in-
tended for business. At the latter the mercantile code of
France was regularly learnt by heart, and made the basis
of farther comment. In England we had no mercantile
code, though some codification was evidently desirable ;
and no one bad contributed more towards this result than
Mr. Levi, in his great work on the " Commercial Law of
the World," for which he had received the most honour-
able acknowledgments from the Governments both of
Austria and Prussia. The purpose of lectures such as
these was not to make a lawyer of every merchant. If
the gentlemen present were so unfortunate as to get into
lawsuits, they would, no doubt, find it needful to call in
the aid of a legal adviser ; but, perhaps, the necessity for
many lawsuits might be avoided by a little previous know-
ledge, just as a little attention to exercise, sleep, tem-
perance,&c., might make it unnecessary to call in the
Mr. Levi then referred to the early systems of
legislation of the Greeks and Romans ; to the legis-
lacitoonr. S the Italian States, and of France ; to the
Consulato del Mare, and other maritime codes. He com-
pleted his review by comparing the present state of the
law throughout the continent and America, and afterwards
enumerated the countries which were subject to the law
of England, concluding by an epitome of the lectures
to coliztAtute tiu ctqineo

ORGAN BUILDING.—It will be seen, by advertisement,
that the organ building establishment of the late Mr.
Bewsher is to be carried on as usual, by his widow.
THE ROYAL MAIL STEAMER AFRICA, Capt. Harrison,
took her departure hence for Halifax and Boston, on
Saturday, at 1 30, p.m., with 150 passengers, a full cargo,
and the usual ma 1s on board.
The SATURDAY EVENING CONCERTS are announced to
be opened, for the season, on Saturday next, with a Scot-
tish entertainment by the Misses Bennett and Mr. J. A.

Fairburn.
LAIINCII OF A LITEnrooL STRAMER.—Last week there
was launched from the building-yard of Mr. Potts, New-
castle-upon-Tyne, a fine steamer, named the Iron King,
intended for an excursion and tug steamer on the Mersey.
She is owned by Captain John Murphy and Co., and from
her model it is belived she will be a match for any excur-
sion boat on the river.
THE ALARM OF CHOLERA..—No fatal cases have oc-
curred since those of the German emigrants reported last
week to the Health Committee, and all the German
lodging-houses are reported to be in a healthy condition.
On Thursday a German family, consisting of five persons,n
arrived in Liverpool for the purpose of taking passages i
the American packet-ship Washington. They went on
on Saturday,
board on Friday, but were sent ashore again
the head of the family 'being discovered to be in the
second stage of cholera. He was conveyed to the Brown-
low-hill hospital, where he is progressing favourably. The
rest of the family, none of whom are affected by the dis-
ease, were taken back to the lodging-house. The man's
name is John Fisher, and he had arrived direct from
ligralmrgh,

acnOm-
ny. I

hat his Royal Highm

its retir

Ives Of the I

THE REV. W. F. TAYLOR'S LECTURE.

ROMANISM iN RELATION TO ART AND SCIENCE.

On Thurs

Mr. Geo. Nic

evening, pursuant to advertisement, a
rered in the Concert-hall, Lord Nelson-

son, warden of

platform we observed t

J. Bards

41, 0. Will

Gwatkin, &c

The hall was filled in every part, and shortly after the
hour announced for the commencement of the lecture, it
was crowded to inconvenience. Hundreds had to go away
for want of accommodation. After a few preliminary re-
marks, the rev. lecturer stated that he had felt called upon
to deliver a lecture on the subject announced by placard,

in order to set forth the real position occupied by the
Romish Church, in reference to art and science ; the
more so, because Dr. Wiseman had lately appeared in this
town, and before a Liverpool audience, and sought to con-
vey the impression that his church was favourable to ad-
than which nothing
he case. It was

not the

Ei to discuss t