The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-12-20 00:00:00

varying as T 2, or, in words, the depression of the earth's
surface below the horizontol line varies according to the
square of the distance. If we apply this to London and
Liverpool, we shall find that the horizon of one of these
places is about five miles higher than the other. That

is, if a horizontal line was stretched from Liverpool
towards London, it would rise about five miles above the
metropolis, and hence no balloon over London, that ever
yet ascended, (even if ever so illuminated) could be seen
at Liverpool. It is hardly necessary to observe, that we
have disregarded the effect of atmospheric refraction in
the above remarks, which considerably varies the practi-
cal result.

Mr. H. next observed that " a patent had been taken
out for calcareous deposits in steam-boilers, &c." The
patent to which he alludes is that of Mr. Fall, of Basford,
near Nottingham, an ingenious,man ; but we are afraid,
with Mr. H., that in this instance "no very beneficial

esnits have been derived" fro►n his labours.

The quantity of water in the state of vapour existing
in the atmosphere Mr. H. says is " surprising." From
the best conducted experiments it appears, that in sum-
mer this quality amounts to about 1-60th of the absorp-
tion, and in winter to about 1-30Qtb—a result quite
different from what unscientific persons would have ex-
pected, but quite explicable upon known principles.
The former are acquainted with hygrometric moisture
only.

We can frame no hypothesis how the arid sands of
Africa can abstract moisture from the air. What be-
comes of it ? Such a process would long ago have
conducted to saturation ; and to suppose that any water
penetrates the soil, is to conclude that the dry sand ab-

stracts moisture flow the air by virtue of superior
affinity, and when so attracted, sets it free again to pass
through the soil; but surely moisture so set free would
instantly be taken up by the air. " The desiccating pro-
perties of the air are in proportion to the quantity of
vapour it contains, and the rapidity with which it tra-

eels." Upon the last circumstance depends the ex

planation of Leslie's anemometer. We a4ise our
operative friends to refer to that instrument in the
Edinburgh Encyclopmdia. It would occupy too much

space to describe it here. The remarks of Mr. IL upon
the subject of contagion are peculiarly interesting both
to the chemist and the nosologist. Indeed, like all the

preceding- lectures, this is " full of matter."

Deceesse OF CRlME."—Yesterday, at the police-office,
ere were onlg 103 cases booked to be heard, 39 of which were
'or felony.
LIVERPOOL EXHIBITION.—We are happy to hear that the
money received for the sale 01 pictures, &e., in the recent exhi-
tion, exceeds £.2600, the largest sum ever received since the
commencement of the academy.
Mu. I.3ltOwN's CONCERT.—We hope that this gentleman, who
is well knoMn as a first-rate flute player, will be well supported
by the Liverpool public. We have no doubt that a rich treat
will be provided fur the occasion.
CHEAP Music.—We beg to refer our musical readers to an
advertisement which appears in anotlo part of our paper
respecting a collection of music on sale, the property of a pro-
fessor about leaving Liverpool.
THE THEATRE-ROYAL.— Forrest, Kean, Macreadv, and
Vandenholf are understood to have been engaged to perform at
this theatre early in the ensuing year, in succession. Mr. and
Mrs. Wood we also understand are again engaged for a limited
number of nights, to appear shortly.
WRITING.—Mr. ThoMpson, the writing-master, is, we per-
ceive, about forming classes during the approaching vacation
for juveniles of both sexes. We have no doubt that he will be
extensively patronized; his plan is a very good one. Children
often forget, during a long vacation, what they have previously
been at much pains to acquire.—See adv.
We beg to draw attention to the advertisement of Mons.
Malian, who, we perceive, announces that he will leave Liver-
pool on the 9th of next month. 'Those ladies and gentlemen
who wish to avail themselves of his professional assistance will
bear in mind that they have butti brief period left for consulting
him. He promises to renew his visits every Autumn.
Me. Towens's Bit.r..--The annual ball at the Waterloo
Hotel, Crosby, was held on Thursday evening last. Dancing
commenced at ten o'clock, and the company did not quit the
" gay and festive scene" until near six the following morning.
Upwards of 120 persons were
.present, and the utmost hilarity
prevailed throughout the evening. A sumptuous banquet was
provided for the company, and the quality of the viands gained
for Alt. Towers the unqualified approval of his guests.
ST. SIMON'S CHAPEL, SIR THOMAS' BUILDINGS.—We ate
glad to find that this place of worship will be opened this day,
under the episcopal licence, for the performance of divine ser-
vice according to the forms of our national church. The
minister—the Rev. H. S. Joseph was ordained, on Sunday last,
at Chester, and immediately enters upon his pastoral duties as
a clergyman of the church of England. We sincerely rejoice.
at this accession to the means employed in conuexion with the
establishment for the religious instruction of the people of Li-
verpool. This chapel is situated in the midst of a dense popu-
lation, many of whom have already profited by their attendance
at the services performed within its walls. We understaud that
preach the opening sermon,
the Rev. T. Tattershall is to
GRAND MASONIC MEETING AT WARRINGTON.—We under-
stand that there will be a grand gathering of brother ma;ons,
from all parts of Lancashire. Cheshire, Yorkshire, and the mid-
land counties, at Warrington, on Thursday. The occeasion
which will draw together this large and respectable assemblage
is the laying of the key stone of the bridge over the Mersey, at
Warrington. Many years have elapsed since there has been a
similar gathering; and it is certain that the nobility, gentry,
and all of " the craft!' who are not prevented by distance or busi-
ness, will gladly avail themselves of this opportunity of meeting
ill that brotherhood, in public, which they are bound, by the laws
of their "order," as well as by the kindly feelings of friendship
and " brotherhood," to eoltivate in private. To stamp this im-
posing ceremonial with all possible authority, Le Gendrie N.
Starkte, Esq., P. G. AL of this division, will preside. We have
heard the names of several nobleman-brothers who are expected
to attend, and we believe that the P. H. M. of Chester will also
take a part in the proceedings. There is to be a grand masonic
(linnet after the laying of the stone and the religious ceremonies.
In order to give all possible eclat to this masonic festival, Air.
Peter Stubbs (who is a freemason) has been engaged by the
committee, together with his Royal Harmonic band, who will
attend in their new and handson.e uniforms, purchased for the
occasion. We hope that it may be in our power to give a report,
in our next, of the proceedings on this Interesting and novel
occasion. 'lnc attendance of freemasons alone is expected to
be about 600. The gentry will also join in the procession.
IiEDCA R.—lf is intended to apply to Parliament in the en-
suing sessinu, for plovers to construct a harbour of refuge at
Redcar, and to levy a passing toll on ships.
OLDHAM, FRIDAY NOON.--The turn-out still continues,
Messrs. Hague's spinners have abandoned their demands and
consented to return to their work, iin the terms fixed by the
committee of associated ministers; but the hands at Messrs.
Ogden and Hayworth'3 mill, persist in requiring an advance.
Messrs Ogden and Hayworth have consequently issued placards.
fur spinners; and if they are supplied wan satisfactory hands,•
the other mills will immediately recommence
ter Guardian.

E LATE GA Lgs.—During the late gales which visited Bit..
mlngham, the force and direction of the witid were most accu-
rately noted by a self-registering anemometer, the invention of
filr. Follett Osier, uhich tlFq gentleman hiss lately presented
to the Philosophical Institution of that town. 13y this Instru-
meta a constant registry is kept, not only of the direction, but
also of time force and velocity of the wind. A sett-registering
rain gauge, attached to the instrument, notes the quantity of
the lain, and likewise the precise moment when it falls. On
the morning of i'donday, Nov-ember 28, at a quarter past
the wind ;dew for about three minutes from the noith-west, with
a twee equal to 1.61 b. on the square foot; and on the following
day, at noon, for nearly half an hour, from the north-west, with
a force equal to 1211). on the square foot. in the published
tables of the forces of the wind, t pleasure of 171 h. On the
square foot, or a velocity of 60 miles per hour, is charaterized
as a most violent hurricane.

slight attractive force between the particles of water,"
is owing to the caloric of fluidity. Iran, itself, has un-
der similar ciretnstaneos, the same " slight attractive
force between its particles." The position, that '' the
particles of water fall, or gravitate, independently of
each other," and the exemplification as well as the con-
clusion drawn upon it, are all alike untenable, and we
must add, Imphilosophical. Ist. Because Mr. H. after-
wards proves that particles of water have an attractive
force towards each other, by dipping his finger into the
fluid, and suffering a drop to form—and as is well known
in the " pearly dew" exposed on the cabbage. 2d. The
division of water falling in a mass, arises from the re-
sistance of the atmosphere; and could Mr. H. see it
rushing into the condenser of a steam-engine, we are
assured he would find the stream unbroken, until it had
dashed against the sides of the vessel. Besides, if a mass
of water were made to descend front any height, what
should occasion the particles, or the " drops" (though
we see no reason for the distinction) to separate ?—were
they, like a Macedonian phalanx, or a cubic foot of sand.
[f then, wore no disturbing cause, they would keep their
rank and order " from whatever height" it might fall.
Mr. H. adds, that the surface of water is never,
mathematically speaking, horizontal, as it partakes of
the earth's curvature, which amounts to more than many
persons imagine," being eight inches in one mile." As
a lecturer could not be expected to give a demonstration
of this, and as we feel a deep interest in the pursuits of
our operative townsmen,• we shall add, for the tyros in
science, the mathematical proof of this interesting fact.
If a tangent be drawn from any point on the earth's sur-
face, and a secant from its other extremity, which secant
passes through the centre of the earth—then if we call 1)
the diameter- of the earth, and T the length of the
tangent, and H the height of the exttemity of the tan-
gent above the earth. we shall have by Euclid B 3d.
P 36 this equation D H add H 2 is equal to T 2, or,
since H in small distances, is very little in comparison
with D, we may reject H 2 altogether; and moreover,
since D is a constant quantity, by rejecting it also, there
will remain, according to the doctrine of variations, H