The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1849-05-01 00:00:00

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

The case of the Queen v. W. S. O'Brien has been set
down for hearing on Thursday, the 10th instant.
RICE V. GERARD.—A rule nisi in this case was granted
in the Court of Exchequer yesterday week. The plaintiff
is the schoolmaster who brought an action for false im-
prisonment against Sir John Gerard at the late Liverpool
Assizes, and who, as he avers, was nonsuited through the
misdirection of the learned judge.
DR. HOOK ON MARRYING A DECEASED WIFE'S
SISTER.—This reverend gentleman says, " The Church
of England, in the table of kindred and affinity, (if that
be part of the Prayer Book,) prohibits marriage between
a man and the sister of his deceased wife. If a bill were
brought into Parliament to compel me to solemnize such
marriages, I should resist it as an act of tyranny. But
Mr. Wortley does not propose to compel the Church to
solemnize such marriages. Therefore, as a Churchman,
I have no ground for complaint against his measure. He
proposes that, regarding marriage as a civil contract, mar-
riage contracted by a man with his deceased wife's sister,
before the registrar, shall be legal. As a citizen, I give
him my support, and wish him success. People in ge-
neral do not consider such marriages improper. They
cannot be proved to be improper by Scripture. The
question is, therefore, one of expediency, and my experi-
ence as a parochial minister induces me to think the
measure expedient."

QUARREL OF COUNSEL.—There was a " scene" in the
Court of Exchequer on Wednesday last. It was stated
to Sir Frederick Thesiger that a habeas corpus case in
which he was engaged had been postponed till the mor-
row, in consequence of the application made by the At-
torney-General to the judges in their private chambers.—
Sir F. Thesiger : " It is a most extraordinary thing that
the Attorney-General should make such an arrangement
behind my back. He knew I was counsel in this case,
and I cannot attend here to-morrow, as I am going into
the Court of Chancery."—Mr. Baron Rolfe : " We had
not the least idea that the arrangement to postpone the
case until to-morrow would not suit your convenience."
—Sir F. Thesiger said he was quite sure their lordships
were not aware of the fact.—Mr. Baron Platt : " It was
very wrong to have such an arrangement made without
the consent of the other side."—Mr. Baron Parke said
that the Attorney-General should be sent for, and the
learned gentleman having, in a few minutes afterwards,
entered the court, Sir F. Thesiger, addressing him, said :
" I am complaining of your conduct in having gone before
their lordships, behind my back, to have this case fixed for
to-morrow."—The Attorney-General : " ' Behind your
back !' I really don't understand you. I told you I was
going to make the application."—Sir F. Thesiger : "No,
no ; indeed you did not."—The Attorney-General : " I
told you that I understood as Mr. Baron Alderson could
not hear the case at chambers, he was coming down to
court to hear it, and that I was going to see him about
it. Sir F. Thesiger : " You did certainly tell me that,
but you did not say a word about fixing the case for hear-
ing to-morrow."—Mr. Baron Platt : " The judges ought
to have been informed that the other side had not con-
sented to the arrangement."—The Attorney-General:
" I told my learned friend that I was coming down to
speak to the judges upon the subject, in order that it
might stand over for to-morrow." Sir F. Thesiger,
sharply " No, no ; not a word of that."—The Attor-
ney General : " I am quite surprised at being addressed
in this manner. I told you I was coming down to speak
to thejudges." Sir F. Thesiger, abruptly : " 1 deny it."
The Attorney-General : " I'll allow no one to speak to
me in that manner."—Sir F. Pollock, C. 8., here inter-
posed, and the case was proceeded with. A Miss Barclay,
it appeared, had stayed with her aunt, the Countess of
Zetland, at the request of her mother, since dead, who
had been pained by disclosures of adultery committed by
Mr. Barclay, her husband. An application was now
made for the young lady to return home. The Earl and
Countess of Zetland, Mr. Barclay and son, and the
learned judges, went into a private apartment to consult
with her as to her wishes ; and, although the result was
not publicly declared, it was generally understood in court
that Miss Barclay, who is fourteen years of age, had
chosen to continue with the countess.

THE LAND SCHEME.—The Worcester Herald gives a
lamentable account of the condition of Feargus O'Con-
nor's allottees, on the Lawband's estate, in* Redmarley,
Worcestershire. Six families have left, and the rest are
in a state approaching to destitution. The " settlement"
was made in 1848.

RAILWAY AFFAIRS•

-- „f the,:
It is said that the engine manufactorY_",loo
Western Railway, at Crewe, turns out an"
niffi
and tender every Monday morning. T clfA
CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD RAILWAY';„ IFi
week ending 21st April :—Coaching traffic 7111
4d. ; parcels, £35 7s. 2d.; goods and cattle' s•
steamboats £l5O Os. 6d. ;—total, £1,360 1',:,.„401i
sive of toll Shrewsbury and Chester Liu"'
t (iisl°
payment for conveyance of mails.
proved mos itl
The storm on Thursday week ~i grsPA
to the posts and wires of the electric lestevio
bee: 1
fiSaisollhueetndh especially,pEo sa
tTssthheauer South-Eastern
Thursday
hhlwiiiti
;mese.
das
a.n
yh
in Fromer of Ashfordtho te 1
etgor 8
ph
sive,pany ,n bo yt
ttoh e
mentionu ntwa rt dh
the
mailT
accident,serious
e tPraeiicnnmutig'euriosarttruleph;lit°o;slisgi btleeeodsitil
to the working of the telegraph. Air. .1351,r,
O,
CHESHIRE JUNCTION RAILWAY. ----;aittevi
croft, the chairman of the above line, has t .011 r)
to Mr. Herapath, of the Railway Jourag:te'slit
the provisions in the bills before parliament 4 ,
t t
Herapath objected have been withdrawn,.af,o4
holders of £3l shares will not be affected cY `al.
of the bill. He adds that the directors havetthel
to pay interest to the holders of £3l sharehaerspsolt/04
£4 per cent. from Christmas last. Mr'hie tile"
hereupon, notified that he shall not trou. „,,rii 01
with further opposition. It is stated that $_;0100
the London and Northwestern is sitting tu'lji.,, oib
for the running of the traffic of this CO
line from Bourn to Manchester, which wild
.A.iil
struction of a line between Warrington an reportm
EASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY.--The 4.soll"
committee appointed to investigate the aua` wit]) y
tern Counties Railway has been published• tiros,{
to past management the committee report 801
their observation goes, the conduct of tb,ehe dsis
company, under Mr. Bosanquet, from 110, i
formation in 1835 up to his retirement i.LJpe
no ground for disapproval. The last diviri int:
those circumstances was 3s. per share, wh'in the
nion of the committee was fairly earned. e. ge
year of 1845 Mr. Hudson joined the directioti,, Do
lated for the entire control ; subseecen 100,0
agreeing that Mr. Waddington should 115,10iDe'•
1
ment of the traffic department. On the2-4.ns.pel4
1845, it was resolved to pay a dividend of ;othove
The half-year's accounts extended up to the ',. thelv
ary, and of course, therefore, at this tine eff;r:e
not have been made up ; and tis not only ~Dy red,
that the whole thing was arranged without "theli`j
whatever to the accounts, but also that vardifitlergs
were made up they did not show any such consejel
been earned ; that the traffic accounts were
altered to suit the circumstances ; that in ` stioel
ing year the same system has been pursuedlisatri si
now appears that out of £545,714 Ss. 4d. " 080.'1
i
jdiuvliyd,elnBd4sB,fr.zomll
st,h2e7B4Bths.
sodf
.Jwaansuaprryo,cllBr4esd:Ablty_beor,e
'ionxocn th9oial,ne6rsrgooee6ifcits
uetltrme7uansffis.tu:a6cytpdo,ai.gtc
ouehc
ltuoahutveenrot
been
account,e,
iexutnh andt
h£u2son3s u2k9i4n
475; tl7 :,.., i
deeds ss.; ;'.
15s. 10d., which was not applicable to u"'ditiJeSo'
£225,141 was the amount that had been earn,e4ek,?
mit tee, and the whole of wtPhbsaiucrini:dal4maisneatencaxttcPaucrliaoYicalceib:trei.:l:l
ception of £2,000, Mr. Waddington suuthroug,jl
have stated were disbursed by the company' 'hick Al
for services rendered, and in a manner !,:,,,ill'
leave them at liberty to give particulars witlo- )1101
ing other parties." The £2,000 was given sf!
ding t oitntot
ofteohrah
that
veeervffebi
effect. The
ruTennhadebelreedtu resultt
fio
notdfh
aetnhcyeer
esouiplar x
iii
committee
elusivelyt hecom piann company,
ei t
handsis stated,
mh
Mr. Hudson
been to
andp aair.,:;
ton, and the committee conclude by rem oe ' ,
regards the way in which the power has been 1,6',
the former gentlemen, the statements they et,
will relieve them from the necessity t
of chats-oil')
In connexion with the present position of ther
the effect of a payment of dividends cu. of can tfr,
reckless expenditure, must now be looked 5, : ' '
ever disproportioned to its value is the suer,.
perded, considerable additions to that soul
the extent of £soo,ooo—must be made beforet If,
account is closed. The immediate point Of I,:it IV
true state of the working account for the 1%501
That account, as presented to a recent gene
exhibited £103,687 as nettrofit, but this w" I:
placing £97,364 to capital account, which olig_4l
been charged to current expenses, so that the,n
was only £6,323—a sum too small for any ia
the sum of £97,364 thus improperly ehargeclith
account, 64,478 was for expenses connecte6:gf
periods—so that the actual earnings of the 54 j,
still I e considered to show a dividend of 3s. ',,petv 0.
ing of future prospects the committee recc%lol.
diate steps to ascertain and settle all claht, 0
the capital account, also a reduction (4.1'4 a
directors to twelve, a provision for the eu`' et
accounts, the appointment of a law-clerk st a
stipend, the taxing of all law-bills at Pres°, a
diminution in the speed of the goods' traii;','„
of the passenger trains in the purely sgrico"t
and the exerch,e of a general, but IM i"
economy throughout the establishment. ~,.0.
merely developes the existence in the Oiscave
Railway of a system, which is known t°, -ta'
pretty generally in railway" managenicuy,'7'
enndemned by the enmmitte;:, it will he P,;51 '-'4l
the infancy of railway undertakings, mueu "iie sltsD
"-sf
both sides, both in favour of and against tn't oPe,,ell
versal practice of keeping the capital acc°ll" ities or:
whole cost of construction, and the difficu , int,
pense of bringing such extensive undertakiu,gocel
profitable working order, have been accuratcl J

BIRKENHEAD FAlR.—This fair was held„O•1111;
There was a much larger attendance than ;0t "..
nessed for many previous fairs, and the 10- If t/
ness done increased in proportion. The 110..
and spring calves was also larger than usual' of i
not seem to meet 'ready sale. The she/ 0
good, and the demand brisk at rather 0100
of
Altogether, this fair is the best that has ...t
',.
ale
Birkenhead for several years past.
Mrs. Jermy has progressed favourablY%ooo f
been enabled to leave her bed for a few mble
Chestney had also improved, and had been $4,0 flp
about a little on cruches. The last accou°,,'
with state that they are still slowly inwrevist6s.°4
scription for Eliza Chestney amounts to r°salri
Duke of Cambridge has sent £IQ. The su„rir
Emily Sandford amounts to £4Bl. The lat'' tt;
emigrate, under the protection of her brotber'ildlyo,
THE HOME OF JENNY LIND.—On the 1,47
holm lies another unpretending nest, iderttlititil,
tive genius, with one who bids fair to rev° b 1
world of song, one who was as the wild dale, I°,
side, a " wee modest crimson-tipped fiower,'oo, '
in any moment have been driven by the 1:"°d itl°,
the stour" save for her self-cultivation an bereli
perseverance. Pastoral as herself, simple a.,,,-, irii
the abode of Jenny Lind's old parents, „a
them in their old age, a filial tribute to ti.°,/
stowed no especial parental care upon 'le
from the North.

STATE OF TRADE

MANCHESTER.—The extreme point of cincl'uo-19
yarns have reached, especially water twist,,, eso
week, to an increase of operations for the hur°,ool•
but these purchases have been of an irregular pre,
what could be got on lower terms than at arlanc:
of the present year, quite as low, in many inal
tober last. However, the pressure upon this de
,ere
market is in some degree diminished : the ba3pria
lay their hands upon stocks at out-of-the-way t,
were able to do a few days ago. To this Oa for Do
ment is perceived. In qualities for India, aaorali.
facture, there does not appear to be any fay
goods, the transactions have been exceedia.b.,r .11",
confined mainly to 40-inch 60 to 64-reed
to printing cloths, and some of the lower cl%'eolifd.
mestics. No relief is felt in hiavy fabrics. ",„0""
are selling scarcely anything for home cons 1"4 004
tention of resorting to short time, as a relmoe,u
circumstances, is still entertained, and not ua
ried out.
ROCHDALE.—There is no improvement t,°,01,1'.
flannel market, either in prices or quantit,e'
market also continues much depressed ; ta
buy very sparingly, at prices a shade lower. eel!,
LEEDS.—The woollen cloth markets has 10'
this week. The cold weather which prevailq t
of the present and the whole of the past Wee,,ostilit •
sales for the home trade, and the renewal of ';ate
the Danes and Germans, with the unsettled !ionelfl
et 4
of Europe, has caused less business to be tp
trade than usual at this season. As, howeve..clir
little speculation manifested either by man firs,
chants, stocks are but small. Prices remain Pess
BRADFORD.—There has been a good busi,ae issto.
goods this week—better, indeed, than for ti!
hut not so much in yarns or wools. There la
prices.
HALIFAX.—There has been but

slender 11.n.itrii

a b.
...,e CPA
chants in our Piece Hall to-day ; and the sane ti,'
ing in operation, there is no improvement irlivocloti
worsted goods. Yarns also remain prettY ~e cli/
The wool market is exceedingly dull, and t,' gar,
somewhat lower.
;pt le billii,d
HUDDERSFIELD.—There has been a 3...__ oi - el
re of f
week, and not such a numerous atten an- 00 di
have had for some weeks past. Prices are vr ,p ,
tion—firm ; and stocks very limited. J.,,tiOlif
NOTTINGHAM.—Lace : Most of our prouv-ay
general sale, if we except the article of plainice• 6
are dull of sale, even at unremnnerating ProtA,l
are in very fair request. Hosiery : We do
atb#lo
_......
falling off in demand for any of oar article flat A r
London trade is reported to be unusuallY P:i trol,
fortnight, in consequence of the cold ana ''' 'l
eri F
vailed : nevertheless, most goods are selling ' fly
LATEST DATES AT LIVERPOOI?' I'
!Direct.' Indirect.'

- I Australia .. Jan. 10 Lima
...... I Bahia .. Feb. 21 Maranbara.• .at
Barbadoes March 29 Mauritius • • •
Bombay .. 17 Mobile....
B. Ayres
.. Monte Vide*
Calcutta
..
C. G. Hope.
.. Feb. 9 New York•••1310'
Charleston . .. March 31 PernambuCo• le
China .. Feb. 27 Rio Janeiro- feP
Demerara .. March 21 Savannah • • 00,
Havana .. 29 St. Helena •
Jamaica .. .. 24 Valparaiso
La Guavra %Vera Cruz

TIDE TABLE

May. h. m. h. m. ft. in.
Tuesday.... 1 611 655 13 1
Wednesday. 2 734 8 9 13 3
Thursday.. 3 843 9 6 14 1
of
Friday .... 4 929 952 15 4
Saturday .. 510 12 10 31 16 1 4WO
Sunday.... 610 50 11 7 16 11
Monday.... 711 23 11 40 17 1

Hay
t*..,

y„
e:''"ll2pip

' 'll4 '
rl,4e Ylo,iB
.4,9‘l•PPre;
flt,
41
,t, 4 ire
4,01:,_
.!,
n, 3

.1% I
nti
time

1 10
ry.....
uts.

Hay 1 1849
*••••....1 •

!torY oft!00°
it a nes° I

Xfterature.

AY.140;
trade'reBP
sole, xl4is
360135.''5
stet Orr

POETRY.

LE.q' AND THE STEM.

BY T. J. OUSELEY,

A child played with a Summer leaf,
A,,Green was the leaf and bright
e'r had he known a pang of gnef,
Ills merry heart thrilled light.

t
ed In"
telegrs.-bsf,
We k
to u beep,
legraP., A
entogsue
. lOSS t° Ott
h#ave
iptionital 4

An old man
gazed on a withered stem,
Ole lea's life all was gone 's gha
Or
ar -
as Autumn
op stly diadem— tedr fell thereon .

sprßis ing passed away—the child grew old,
pleasant scenes had fled 1.11.. winter's breath had cold,
Aow sleeps he with the deaden.

The old man can no more be found,
c °"e A heap of dust is there,
Wh ere ialed beneath a gss moun;
s life's light—rasayy where?

All I Where art thou, my merry boy,
, And thou, my sombre man? .
'lllldheod's shrill laugh of love and jo
Say, NVisdona, if you can ! /

Wherebrir is the emerald leaf of Spring?
13elled on INI Autumn's breast,
OTHER—'Tis a fearful thin
That Youth on Age must rest. g,

NOTICES.

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of Evil ; or the Consequence of Marry-
ceased EVife's Sister. London : Masters.

ley
tiero
theol„s.orloe a time when all controversy, religious
'qpre,,t4gliciatrt.huegr_le!:l, Was carried on by grave Ten. in a dead
e polemics of the day were principally con-
k:tied thbzlhools, and classic taste and classic phrase
the ftil sho. t dangerous lowering of sacred things—that
4%ledisce, .k to reverential feeling—invariably attending
1 ive' ,acrimoniouseligious subjects in plain, and some-
eaa English. But now-a-days things
trite a thous In the place of one controversialist we
144 with ,1!u. It is quite surprising to see the ala-
wmch persons eminently disqualified for the
t4:)3!"ge themselves Veteran officers flushed with instinctive.
,„ illiterate people with an animosity
.over-
ta":ql qiiesalsproportioned to their knowledge, discuss
terli 4enable with presumption that make a thinking
tr4p* freque,,,,, While the bitterness of Feligious control
6evolent n,,Y.uoints a sarcasm, and infuses a dash of
tea, into the stale and weary scandal of the
014,t1-13 sa,"l. It is not our vocation,. as journalists, to
readers eci subjects in a controversial spirit. We, as
to4,l4erets well know, have taken no part in the present
14 ,',€l,iate eo the marriage question, nor do we intend
the,
blaxe reM our prescribed line of conduct, though,
!4.%rics
oriacise of al terary censorship, we offer a few
of this the. work of which the title stands at the
kr;r4st
Yet ti.:;`u has been written and said on this subject,
e. generality of persons profess not to have
skle,ll, Peried atio(iiiistinet. or comprehensive
.view of its merits.
t; ,s will find "The Inheritance of Evil " a
•-•-,.
to • without being so didactic or controver-
-144, Al,
nts works of its kind it states the various argu-
trreocsion:l_ei; t brings forward' with great perspicuity and.
Ridellsm wcile at the same time its picturesque descrip-
t,lli"enlinated style convey vivid impressions of the
itrsete,s4• eti to the reader's mind. The leading female
a4.es 41 the book are two sisters, Elizabeth and
the f 'ln become orphans when the latter was sixteen,
I:kirsM Of a °l,74er about five years older. Their mother had
before ken heart, from her husband's neglect, some
taitujoieththe event which made her daughters orphans.
the Injunction she had on her death-bed cora-
itit`t; "liugest child as a sacred charge to her elder
,14 , deeply did that sister resolve, that " whatever
thattheir fate, her work and office must ever be to
kit little one close by her side, and shield her
1;11,1y kepsto.rrow and danger." This resolution was faith-
ci`ji and before her marriage it was a stipulation
;wed taffianced lover, that Elizabeth should ever be
fulfil her vow of affection and duty. Eliza-
b°rtnnatel for her own happiness and that of
Ike
s and
Y • d t the
tho titne wa3 of a peculiarly reserved, an . a
e, e shf, I sensitive disposition. " Her affectio9 for
te:l3„ (let4"d Was so profound and exacting, that it had
kb",e, of th a Jealousy of disposition which makes such
ithqed, e soul that harbours it." And when she was
4411 sotia4s might be expected, she committed a fault
" by e wives are prone to—she harassed her bus-
e,xacting an amount of tenderness and affee-
i,4,las not she was by no means justified in expecting."
114 j'aad unnatural then, that Richard Clayton, the
taa'eildetdiptild find an agreeable relief in the gaiety and
a ,„ iveliness of Agnes ; and it cost poor Elizabeth
iti,hiatireg to know that her husband, in many a long
any a long ride, was enjoying the more charm-
taabeto
hY of her sister. This jealousy on the part of
jlita, not caused by any apprehension of her
lit): "Y re—Suing to marry Agnes ; such a thought was
o ever, mote from the mind of all the three ;—one day,
prnit,l e
iZe overheard Richard Clayton defending, in
ga Priety cite the clergyman of the parish, the abstract
e %lite marriage with a deceased wife's sister. This
tar the a new turn to her thoughts : she saw in her
ki,Rjeat future bride of her own husband. A scene
I-411'8'9d painful interest follows the discovery of
4 e'Y W lews on this subject. The shock of this dis-
4itivet!° great as to have a fatal effect on the too
k.ess fh,`"lncl of the distressed wife. She fell into an
Which she never recovered, and her last mo-
-0,. p filled with agonizing apprehensions of the
141,aieharyjoresaw approaching. To do justice, however,
tit': the and Agnes, they never contemplated marriage
kltttley,,weisPer of scandal, breathed by an ill-natured
th,°ve h Wife, determined the guardian of Agnes to
tb:4B childrenl'm Richard's care. Richard, for the sake
otell and his own happiness, prevented the
111,tryell:seParation by prevailing on Agnes to consent
r. 'ere I'ma•
iikjeever,
that
short our analysis, promising our readers,
kitt; the if they choose to pursue the subject of the
ti.ett„will find an interesting narrative,
. abounding
TC)s, an 'variety of incident, written with genuine
kiia4lo,„4-- a high tone of moral and religious reflection.
o h."4e ih-",..11,g of the pictures is perhaps a little too high,
ey'lop'luents of a painful character rather too nume-
'4ol4l- selail work of 186 pages. They comprise no
Eld(ttalia;_ie broken heart and two sudden deaths ; one
wo‘elied by grief. and another b dissipation, be-
tcote, ,Illere in the Course of nature; one nearly fatal
tti** tworrow escape from drowning, an entire point of
raith;tl,ta, w blighting, irremediable, life-long disapp-
terri2, final separations, a brain fever, and two or
kle7, ahauto illnesses ; a great deal of feminine endu-
kno4l-11Q,en undue proportion of masculine selfishness
-4)er• As a specimen of style, we subjoin the
tt;,l4 extract :
LaB IterUlCl
it. fast e have advanced to. meet his hapless chnildr,nbu_tahnids
hweaed'ouehlY ated : was as though a. h
Kea rais heart; its action was imped.ed_ , his breath
047 as is face assumed a leaden._ hue henk_nhewia well
rte 4 grzsp.that was checking the pulses f
wtllloPittit?, hIS clyes imploringly. Clear, distinct, Japiod
k_ti Le chwg flash, he could discern.the unbrolr 11 f
lit-'l4.9retbis_t(?oda had psen nnt o that hour

.L the altar with the sister of his wife—now a
to 44a v:?cable past. Their joy and their sorrow alike
he must go forth to see what fruits they would
k 4.,, thin tto „ ..`4l in eternity. His whole existence now
tO't onic vapour—a dream that was flitting fromwas hi_ow
tNik, eo stood real and palpable before him—the j dm.
lkt, hi to 'or the deeds done in the bod strength madeumf:
•rn at PlaCe h' Ae
,21. self on his knees, put and life

'6lm
(11,4Ylkzie
or the Mode of Preventing Disease, by a
fit94,t, peiation of the Grand Elements of Vitality—
' 4°114,2? ° and Water. By Edward Bascome, M.D.,
Wood, London.
Cd 4e
.Atl
• (CONCLUDED FROM OUR LAST.)
_
thZtlik:e ti file tle our extracts from this interesting work :
c't and after, Pope Gregory the Great brought into the
11) eas.set 11P in the most solemn manner, relics en-
kit' to' of gold, which were sometimes placed upon
144 i,ot*,ara, genes under the altar. This made persons
,th?‘trulVenl, and bury' their dead there, in the hope
44:42irt,n ,44` qceive benefit from such veneration. Thus
tkorleorZtnnallyeconiaidered !tprofaiiation,

t - ina.-,,,tisfv-aJi_,un of . subsequent ages,
abescuamapepnaoretuotiliylyuat
i ell 'he biilg: ambitious pride, but 1,,
L 4,. tr,, 5t04.1 asis of eternal happiness. .
‘l,oF'lled •Of interring persons of rank in churches was
!rtut ~,,,,, estit into this country by Cuthbert, the tenth Arch-
'ii:tite toe ;,,thary, who in the year 798 procured the privi-
kzet' 04'0 -P to have churchyards for interment. With
tctZ, vsa the' ling in churches, the custom did not arise
•!+ voiiii,!le co year 1076. In the reign of William the Con-
Nlkte_kreP of gllell held at Winchester, under Laufranc,
t'.1,4: ; iruuerbury, by the ninth canon opposed burialu
rlltirteti: trob)ailts ~learftey, however, beclismea
horrid' custom,sia and
tie, ern:''',/, the
place
.of wors.hip, a temple of the
, th...-urek, 7;•iouid be converted into a pesthouse for
IL_ 017 ittib,.,
4,7lll,el'elills and fatal effects of exhalations arising
of 4400 d, burial-places, our author relates many
Ve the of the and space will only admit the cita-
-40 t'a Mteri'illiero, and that one is quite sufficient to
\t leriou "I of the most apathetic of our towns-
ko;k tE.,,f 8 consideration of this solemn subject :_
t teltp,„zr, ago, in the autumn of 1843, the poisonous
r aim "g a grave-yard were but too fatally evident.
41 'ha • church
viog ard of Miichinhampton are very cold ;
tpult4tietl--:4 servedleariiasfoci-0 a burying-grdoeunnsA for the previous
Ntivittllght 11,,,,tebl,tildingngelucellrych, it beycame necessary,
0, je„18 a I;Pedlent, to lower the surface of the grave-
b% h" Were°l. cr two of the remains of those bodis,
l )ite, earth _ isturbed during this process, and re-m-
-teN 14 ~`, the"„'o removed, of a dark colour,—saturated,
ttik,Ntil4,gvotert°lltict of human putrefaction,—was, in a
,„ ~,'L-lnad. 0 the purpose of agriculture ! About one
R,11.,' olnuid ads
Were thus employee—some on a new piece
tftt I,ktio he 44i 1.0 Make the grass grow quickly—some as
krolk, tllie .ghbouring fields—some in the rector's gar-
tr,t4A4z4,4ly 14112 patron's garden. The seeds of disea e
t,t`k Doi ns, '!, and the result was such as any person
1tci,1,,,q 4,4%, „Vnight have expected. The diffusion of a
tiliVrin this Boon followed, was evinced by an out-
,- 2),Ett,;', to n/B previously healthy locality. The family up,r,,,,,t0r1i, qe Te inhabitants of the street adjoining the
qirlt(l4.tki.°Bt.-iis urßt attacked, and the greatest sufferers.
lytt, Bitl. (le4, "de, his daughter, and his gardener. The
ii1i1).'Th...110„!...,,51i0 had been employed in the unseemly act ' tth,"dr:'ver',, oeds with human manure, also died. In
vti 'a Who.4e earth had been taken, disease followed.
tl' "Bd tt
I; tellY id soil ended the school took fever as they passed
% NI not 6e of the grave- ardent home and died;
Itx,-111.4
t/la iiitei7de.tiltiirnt
aUrniisCea‘entahneYdiseawse to pose whuouctaemx!
Ilk4,1:1 14,‘,a,e0f its develorLirreiernlns vgevoen7ereen deaths
4.. t 4 4, se„leatis of two hundred children were attacked
4 ts.eob,e 8 'ver, and peculiar eruptions."
tokktevtteiipliwr:itio;.4ettliolcnltotsuepinthaeutwhohroiltey:Lith the following
4egoing ob s e va t
vi oenustilaar:eddornusueturiso seriously
h of the ill-ventilated

workshops,— the damp, dark, and insalubrious cellars, little
better than dungeons,—the dreary, close, stifling courts, and
narrow, dark alleys, into which the light of heaven rarely
penetrates; we say, while contemplating these abodes of our
lower classes (which would be injurious even to swine), the
culpable apathy, prejudice, and bad arrangements of those
whose duty it is to remedy such crying evils, cannot hut be
obvious."

We are, however, of opinion that the people themselves
are as deserving of censure as those in authority, in not
pressing this question upon the notice of the legislature,
who have shown themselves ready and willing to adopt
measures of sanatory reform whenever appealed to by the
voice of the multitude, as will be seen on reference to the
11th and 12th Vict. cap. 63 (the " Health of Towns Act"),
in which, by sec. 81, local boards are empowered to pro-
vide premises for the decent reception of the dead pre-
vious to interment, and for the economical interment of
any corpse received therein ; and the General Board of
Health, by sec. 82, are empowered to prohibit interments
in overcrowded burial-grounds. Sec. 83 also prohibits
the construction of vaults for the purpose of interment
under or within the walls of any church to be built after
the passing of the act, or the formation of any burial-
ground without the consent of the General Board of
Health. We therefore have much pleasure in uniting
our efforts with those of Dr. Bascome, in calling the at-
tention of the public to this vitally important subject ;
and we cannot conclude these remarks without congratu-

lating the learned author of Prophylaxis on the success
which has attended the publication of his little volume—
s striking proof that Englishmen are never backward to
appreciate talent, or reward the exertions of those who
are known to have the welfare of their fellow-countrymen
at heart.

General Remarks on Steam Communication, in reference

to the United Kingdoms as the centre

Under this title, a pamphlet has appeared, by T. Knox
Fortescue, in which the author, after supplying a sketch
of the strides already made in steam communication by
sea and land, points out several routes for its further ex-
tension, which would be beneficial not only to this coun-
try, but to the whole civilised world. He considers that
Great Britain and Ireland occupy the centre position in
the map, whether with reference to " the habitable," the
commercial," or " the civilised world ;" and adduces
facts in support of his argument. He shows that this
country is the radiating point of steam navigation, to
every land, where railroads then become lineal continua-
tions. Amongst other improvements, he advocates a ship
canal or railroad across the isthmus of Darien, also a rail-
road through the island of Ceylon, which he deems the
natural centre or depot of steam in the Indian Seas, and
which is at once fertile and salubrious. He points out
two lines of direct communication between England and
Alexandria, one vid Marseilles and Malta, and another
vial Trieste and Corfu, which last island is most advan-
tageously situated for commerce, and as a place of de-
fence. We must, however, refer those interested in the
details of our author's propositions to the work itself.

Romanism an Apostate Christianity, being a Series of
Lectures on some of the leading points of the Romish
Controversy. By the Rev. Verner M. White, A.B.
(T.C.D.), Liverpool. London : Hamilton, Adams,
and Co. 1849.

The author of these eloquent, temperate, and argu-
mentative lectures is now well known in this town as a
sound and judicious expositor of the Word of God. We
are quite aware that much has been already written on
the corruptions of Romanism in contrast with the simpli-
city and purity of the Gospel of Christ, and yet we are
much mistaken if there is not a " needs be" for the work
before us. Mr. White conducts his arguments in a man-
ner at once logical, amiable, and convincing, and affords
throughout his statements a practical evidence of what he
himself lays down as the two departments in the duty of
Protestants towards Romanism—hostility to the system,
and kindness to the men. In the nine lectures he un-
folds the distinctive features of Protestantism in all their
glory and beauty, exhibiting their identity with scriptural
truth, and their opposition to the erroneous dogmas of the
Church of Rome. He also enriches his arguments with
much historical information, especially valuable in the
present day. The exposition of the " Gospel method of
justification, as opposed to the fallacy of the Romish me-
thods of pardon," is written with more than ordinary
clearness, and is enforced with a weight of scriptural tes-
timony rarely compressed within so small a compass; but
we can strongly recommend the whole work as a very
seasonable and able publication. We cannot resist ex-
tracting the following indignant and powerful remon-
strance against the subjection of man's reasoning faculties
to the despotic tribunal of Popish infallibility :

"Such a state as this I maintain to be utterly irreconcilable
with vigour and activity. It must dry up the springs of action,
and, instead of making every man a self-acting and intelligent
creature, reduce him to the rank of a mere machine, deprived
of all power of exertion and responsiblity, set in motion by
another's power, and judged by another's decisions, Better to
live a pauper upon your right, than reign a monarch by suffer-
ance upon your throne. The former may be clothed in rags,
and every object may remind him of his poverty, but in thought
and spirit he is free. With the latter, the gorgeous robes in
which he is arrayed, and the gaiety and splendour by which he
is surrounded, only make the mockery the greater, to think
that in soul and mind he is a slave. We often speak of the
effects of the slavery of the body upon man, that it is calculated
to degrade and deteriorate; but there it is a thing of detail, it
is but a part, and that the lowest part, of man; no matter what
may be the bondage by which he is held in slavery, or the
cruelty with which he is treated, his soul may still be free.
Here it is different : it is the noblest part of our nature,—the
mind, the judgment, the reason, the conscience,—and that in
the worst of bondage. How can you expect the machinery to
answer its ends, when the main spring which gives motion to
the whole is immoveable? And how can you expect a man to
be diligent and effective in answering the ends of his being,
when his reasoning and responsible powers are locked up in
the conscience of another ?

" Religion stimulates in all right duties, because it calls a
man into a nobler position ; he is no longer the mere child of
creation, he is the son of God by regeneration and adoption,
the heir and expectant of a glorious immortality. It gives him
new powers to act, an :understanding taught of God and en-
lightened by the word, a will renewed by Divine grace, affec-
tions spiritualised and quickened by the Spirit, a conscience
faithful as a monitor, warning of the evil and approving of the
truth ; and it inspires the whole by high and heavenly princi-
ples of action to call them forth. The commands of heaven
carry with them the convictions of the conscience, confirmed
by the conclusions of enlightened reason, and the testimony of
the senses. When these run counter to each other, there can-
not be full energy of action. The servant who receives certain
orders from his master, which are felt to be ruinous to the Lord
he loves, may obey; duty to his superior teaches him to obey;
but he has no comfort, no power in obedience, because he feels
an inward conviction, which he cannot overcome, that in pro-
portion to the measure of his activity must be the measure of
the injury inflicted upon his master. Can he put forth his
whole energies? Impossible. And equally impossible is it
for the Romanist to act with vigour, no matter how desirous to
obey the Church, when his senses, his understanding, his
judgment, all combine with the revelations of God's word in
condemning the Church's decisions as absurd and unrea-
sonable."

The Opening of the Seals: Remarks on the Sixth
Chapter of the Revelation. Liverpool: Kaye.
A considerable portion of this interesting pamphlet is
occupied with the substance of a highly-important lecture
by the Rev. Dr. M'lsTeile (not before published) on the
" evidences" spoken of in Jeremiah, when the prophet
was commanded to buy the field of Hanameel, and in
which that historical incident is proved, by a series of
elaborate and forcible arguments, to be pregnant with
Christian instruction and prophetical application. On
the basis of the rev. doctor's interpretation, the writer of
these remarks proceeds to unfold his views respecting the
main intention of the visions which accompanied the
opening of the seals, which, he says with great propriety.

;overn-

give us a sublime view of the divine agency in th
ment of the universe. The arguments are ram ,
cogently urged, and we transcribe the following passagi
as exhibiting the principle on which the author conducts
his exposition of the portion of Scripture referred to :
"The first vision consists of a white horse, a symbol of
power and purity, with a crowned rider. armed with n

This is generally understood to mean the Christian Church
during the period of her primitive simplicity and rapid pro-
gress, as the subsequent seals are supposed to refer to her va-
rying aspect during later periods. The comparisons, however,
are found extremely difficult to adjust, and the interpret'ttion
altogether seems much too narrow and partial. It is doubtless
the most natural one, if the visions which the Apostle saw
were designed to apply exclusively to a time then future. All
expositors, so far as we are aware, have set out with the as-
sumption that they were so designed, and hence the preva-
lence of the opinion that they prefigure successive stages in the
history of the church. St. John was certainly told that he
should be shown the things 'which shall be hereafter;' but he
was likewise told that he should be shown the things which
are.' It is not denied that the visions may have a chronolo-
gical application. Variety of application, and depth of mean-
ing—variety and depth past the utmost powers of man's mind
to comprehend—are the characteristics of divine truth. But
*, the fact that the ft, " •

mere is nothing in the tnat .evelation mainly had re-
ference to the future, to militate against the idea that it also
pointed to the past. It refers to the doings of Him with whom
there is neither past nor future, but an eternal present, so that
the things that shall be are the same as the things that have
been. It might be necessary, moreover, in order to instruct
the Apostle properly, that something should be revealed in the
way of recapitulation, as preachers are in the habit, occasion-
ally, of recapitulating the heads of a preceding discourse in the
next, which nevertheless professes to be a development of
views not previously expounded.
"We would therefore depart altogether from the system of
interpretation which makes the opening of the seals to com-
mence after the time when the Revelation was given. We con-
sider that it comprehends the whole time that has elapsed since
the struggle between the powers of good and evil, in reference
to this world, began, as well as that which is still to elapse.
The right of ownership was acted upon from the first, though
the purchase, as regards the outward act, was still incomplete,
in the same way as the atonement was acted upon from the
first, though only fulfilled, as reeards the outward act, 'in these
last days.'

" What is it, then, that is revealed to us on the opening of
the first seal ? A vision, we humbly submit, of Christ, the
Prince of the kings of earth.' A crown was given' unto him
in covenant with the Father, and was his from the beginning,
in virtue of what he has in due time to accomplish. He ex-
ercises an invisible authority, which is indicated with singular
propriety by the weapon with which the rider on the white
horse is armed. It is a bow. And what is a bow ? A weapon
that strikes at a distance. The arrow may be felt, whilehe who
sends it maybe totally hidden from sight. Surely David must
have seen the fitness of this image, and referred to it, when he
says, 'Thine arrows are sharp in the hearts of the king's
enemies 1' And again, `Ride prosperously.' And with yet
more significance, Gird thy sword upon thy thigh'—lay aside
the arrow and the bow; cease to keep at a distance from the
earth ; let the time come for the. full putting forth of thy strength
0 thou most mighty 1' Plainly connecting the two emblems
in the Apocalypse—the rider with the bow and the rider with
the sword—acknowledging the power of the one, and antici-
pating the manifestation of the other. No one doubts who is
the rider on the white horse, of whom St. Jonn afterwards
speaks, whose name is " Faithful and True,' And that the time
of his appearance will be the time when he shall come into im-
mediate contact with the enemies seems equally undeniable.
Then the weapon will be properly a sword. Now, while he is at
a distance—while his power is only felt and hisperson is unseen
—it is properly a bow.
"A moment's reflection must satisfy every candid mind that
nothing could be more inappropriate to the character of the Chris-
tian church during the existing dispensation—nothing less in
accordance with the mission on which she was sent, or the fate
she was taught to expect—than a crown.' She is, as the Eng-
lish liturgy truly designates her, the church militant here in
earth,' and such she must remain so long as the present con-
dition of the earth lasts. Christ, on the other hand, even in
the days of his humiliation, described himself as a King. He
it is, and not his church, that goes forth conquering and to
conquer.' And when his conquests shall be complete—when
all his enemies shall be subdued under him—he will come
forth crowned with many crowns.'"