The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-10-11 00:00:00

THE WRETCHED ROADS OP INDIA.

In the countries of Central India, not less than in those
to the north and north-west, owing to the absence of all
roads for vehicles, the ordinary means of conveyance is
by pack-bullocks, who [which] in vast droves track their
slow and weary way across sandy, sterile tracts, through
wild jungle-paths, and over steep ghauts, for hundreds of
miles. To bring the cotton of Berar alone to Bombay, it
is computed that the services of 180,000 head of cattle are
required ; and when we remember that their journey is
for a great distance performed through districts in which
both water and fodder are always scarce, it will not be
surprising that the utmost uncertainty prevails as to the
receipt of crops at the port of shipment. This primitive
mode of conveyance is not only the most tedious, but the
most costly of any in existence ; yet by far the greater
part of British India possesses no roads which will allow
of the employment of carts.
It is in vain that British enterpise and capital are
brought to bear upon the great experiment of cotton, so
long as the universal cry for roads is disregarded. British
merchants have been found with energy sufficient to brave
the difficulties attending the establishment of agencies in
the interior ; but their ardour is damped, their efforts
thwarted, and their capital jeopardized, by the one great
crying evil, the utter absence of roads available for car-
riages. The old mode of transport is of necessity resorted
to—that of pack-bullocks ; and so slow and costly is this,
that long before one crop of cotton can be despatched
from the place of growth, the following harvest will have
commenced ; ships which have been provided in anticipa-
tion for the conveyance of this cotton to Europe are mean-
while awaiting its arrival in the harbour of Bombay until
the shipping season shall have passed, and the interest on
the capital thus indefinitely locked up accumulates, until
it forms a heavy and grievous item amongst the charges
of the operation.
From the extracts already given, it will be seen
that Mr. Capper's book is one of very diversified
interest. The topics embraced in it are of deep
importance to the public generally, and doubly so
to a community like that of Liverpool. Let us
add that the volume, besides being handsomely got
up and beautifully illustrated by engravings, is
also very low in price.

BOOKS RECEIVED.
Church of England Quarterly Review. No. LXVIII.
London Quarterly Review. No. I.
Blackwood's Magazine for October.
Dublin University Magazine for October.
Hogg's Instructor for October.
Warren's Works, (Diary of a late Physician.) Plr. Ed. Part I.
The Comedies of Aristophanes. By W. J. Hickie. Vol. 11.
The Pantrophcon, or History of Food. By A. Soyer.
Speeches of Kossuth. edited by F. W. Newman.
The Three Presidencies of India. By John Capper. One Vol.
Egypt. Ethiopia, and Sinai. By Lepsius. One Vol.
Bernard's Hand Book of Foliage and Foreground Drawing.
Fredrik a Bremer's Works. Translated by Mary Howitt. Vol. I.
Fern Leaves from Fanny's Portfolio. One Vol.
Carpenter's Physiology of Temperance.
The Universal Library. Parts XXI. and XXII.
Izaak Lakadam. By Alexander Dumas. Part I.
The Rhine. By Victor Hugo.
Life of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke. By Peter Burke.
The Alain Family. By A. Karr. Translated by R. B. Brough.
London City Tales. Fitz Alwyn. One Vol.
Yankee Humour and Uncle Sam's Fun.
The Dodd Family Abroad: No. XIV. The Life and Ad-
ventures of Dick Diminy the Jockey: No. I. Punch for
September. Chambers's Journal for September. The Pro-
testant Magazine for October. The Bulwark for October.
The Christian Family Advocate for October. Home Thoughts
for October. The Ragged School Union Magazine for Oc-
tober. Our Children's Magazine for October. Temperance
Chronicle for October. Thieves, Beggars, and Prostitutes :
by the Rev. Isaac Holmes. Mr. Lover's Magazine, No. ',for
October. The Coming Rest.
NEW Music.—The Magic of Home. The Captive. And
Ohl Do not leave tby native land.

THE

LIVERPOOI

VARIETIES

THE CONCEIT OF THE WORLI

(says Lavater) " but what fancies

THE EDITOR of Notes and Queries thinks that the
husband of the celebrated " Mother of Pearl," must be
the venerable Bede.

A QUESTION FOR LADIES.—Are kisses more valuable
now, in consequence of the busses having raised their

A YOIONG PHYSICIAN asking permission of a lass to
kiss her, she replied—" No, sir ; I never like a doctor's
bill stuck in my face ?

IF You WANT TO move AN AUDIENCE, pass round
your hat soliciting contributions. They'll scatter in dou-
ble quick time.
SEEDY AIIITIORS.—Hood, in an article of singular
humour, states that the phrase " republic of letters" was
hit upon to insinuate that, taking the whole lot of authors
together, they had not got a sovereign amongst. them.
"I BELIEVE that mine will be the fate of Abel," said
a devoted wife to her husband one day. " How so ?"
inquired the husband. " Because Abel was killed by It
club, and your club will kill me if you continue to go to
it every night."
A LAWYER, not over young or handsome, examining a
young lady witness in court, determined to perplex her,
and said, " Miss, upon my word you are very pretty'!"
The young laxly very promptly replied, " I would return
the compliment if I were not on oath .1"
" FAST " LITERATURE.—A sporting "gent," who has
courageously entered the " lists " at several betting
houses, has lately purchased an elaborate work on

" Ethnology," in consequence of his having heard that it
will give him much information on the subject of " races."
A "FAST" RoMrsn BISHOP.—The Bishop of Lyons
being at breakfast, the Abbe de paid him a visit ; the
bishop invited him to partake of the meal: the abbe
refused—the prelate insisted. "My lord," said the abbe,
" I have breakfasted twice already; and, besides, this is
fast day !"
GENERAL ZAREMBA had a very long Polish name.
The king having heard of it, one day asked him good-
humouredly, " Pray, Zaremba, what is your name ?"
The general repeated to him immediately the whole of his
long name. " Why," said the king, "the devil himself
never had such a name." " I should presume not, sir,"
replied the general, " as he was no relation of mine."
I hVALITE or A PLOUGH.—Among the Caffres, agriculture
is considered to be a kind of labour unworthy of a warrior,
and is therefore left entirely to the women. When they
first saw a plough at work, they gazed at it for a time in
astonished and delighted silence; at last one of them gave
utterance to his feelings in this exclamation—" See how
the thing tears up the ground with its mouth ! It is of
more value than five wives !"
Dar Jaspar Main, who lived in the reign
of James I. of England, was celebrated as a scholar and
a wit. He displayed through life a strong propensity for
innocent raillery and practical jokes. Just before he
expired, he told his servant, who was sadly addicted to
intemperance, that he had bequeathed him something
that would make him drink. The servant, as soon
as his master was dead, impatiently opened the legacy,
expecting, of course, to find a heap of treasure ; but
alas ! his disappointment was great in finding nothing
but a red herring.
A PARAGRAPH FOR HOUSEWIVES.—To those who de
sire to impart to shirt bosoms, collars, and other fabrics
that fine and beautiful gloss observable on new linens
the following receipt for making gum arabic starch will. be
most acceptable, and should have a place in the domestic
scrapbook of every woman who prides herself upon her ca-
pacity as a housewife, and the neatness of her own, her
husband's and family dress ; and if she does not take pride
in them, her husband is an unfortunate man :—Take two
ounces of white gum arabic powder, put it into a pitcher,
and pour on it a pint or more of boiling water, (according
to the degree of strength you desire,) and then, having
covered it, let it set all night. In the morning, pour it
carefully from the dregs into a clean bottle, cork it, and
keep it for use. A tablespoonful of gum water stirred into
a pint of starch that has been made in the usual manner
will give the lawns (either white, black, or printed,) a look
of newness, when nothing else can restore them after wash-
ing. It is also good, much diluted, for thin white muslin
and bobbinet.

TRACKERAY AND DICKENS COMPARED.—Thackeray
has given to his pictures of society and character all that
they could receive from extraordinary skill of mental
analysis, great acuteness of observation, and formidable
strength and fineness of sarcastic irony. But he has not
been able —if, indeed, he ever desired—to excite con-
tinuous or lively sympathy, either by interesting inci-
dents, or by the exhibition of deep passion, vehement or
pathetic. Dickens has done much more than all which
Thackeray has left unattempted. While his painting of
character is inimitably vigorous and natural, his stories
are always interesting, and would be much more so if
they were less encumbered by minute details ; and his
power of exciting emotion ranges, with equal success,
from horror (sometimes too intense) to melting pathos,
and thence to a breadth of humour which degenerates into
caricature. He cannot soar into higher worlds of imagi-
nation ; and his tread is too heavy even for the secluded
field of romantic or poetic meditation. But he becomes
strong, and inventive, and affecting, the moment his foot
touches the firm ground of reality ; and nowhere is he
more at ease, nowhere more sharply observant or more
warmly sympathetic, than in scenes whose meanness
might have disgusted, or whose moral foulness might have
appalled.—Spalding's History of English Literatnre.

MONDS.—MOdem chemist; have laboured almost as
zealously to produce diamonds as the alchymists of old did
to turn all metals into gold ; and through the progress of
science, it is said, they believe they have a reasonable
chance of succeeding. Diamonds, it is known, consist
of pure carbon ; and it is therefore assumed that carbon
may be made to produce diamonds. M. Despretz, member
of the Academy of Sciences at Paris, in a recent meeting
of that body, detailed a series of experiments to which he
had subjected some carbon coming from the carcination of
sugar. He caused an electric pile, in which some platina
wires were extended, to act on the carbon without inter-
mission for the space of a month, and he then found the
wires covered with slight powder, which, on examination
by a microscope, was seen to contain black and white
crystals of the octahedral form. This powder, being
experimented upon, was found to possess the qualities that
have heretofore exclusively appertained to the powder of
diamonds. This is the nearest approach to the production
of real diamonds which has yet been made, and even if it
should not be found possible to carry it further, the
making of diamond dust will be of considerable com-
mercial importance. Whether the action of electricity on
the carbon is to be ascribed to heat, or to some unknown
quality, M. Despretz has not yet ascertained.—Literary
Gazette.

HINTS FOR LADIES.—Let the ladies observe the follow-
ing rules. In the morning use pure water as a preparatory
ablution ; after which they must abstain from all sudden
gusts of passion, particularly envy, as that gives the skin a
sallow paleness. It may seem trifling to speak of temper-
ance, yet this must be attended to, both in eating and
drinking, if they would avoid pimples, Instead of rouge,
let them use moderate exercise, which will raised natural
bloom in their cheek inimitable by art. IngenuoM candour
and unaffected good humour will give an openness to their
countenance that will make them universally agreeable.
A desire of pleasure will add fire to their eyes, and breath-
ing the air of sunrise will give their lips a vermilion hue.
That amiable vivacity which they now possess may be
highly heightened and preserved, if they would avoid late
hours and card-playing, as well as novel-reading by candle
light, but not otherwise, for the first gives the face a
drowsy, disagreeable aspect ; the second is the mother of
wrinkles ; and the third is a fruitful source of weak eyes
and a sallow complexion. A white hand is a very desirable
ornament ; and a hand can never he kept white except it
be kept clean ; nor is this all, for if a young lady excels
her companions in this respect, she must keep her hands
in constant motion, which will occasion the blood to cir-
culate freely, and have a wonderful effect. The motion
recommended is working at her needle, brushing up the
house, and making herself as useful as possible in the per-
formance of all domestic duties.---Mrs: Jameson. _

SLANG SYNONYMS.—OnIy consider what a vast multi-
tude of equivalents the perverse ingenuity of our slang-
iness has invented for the one generic word money.
Money—the bare, plain, simple word itself —has a sono-
rous, significant ring in its sound, and might have sufficed,
yet we substitute for it—tin, rhino, blunt, rowdy, stumpy,
dibbs browns, stuff, ready, mopusses, shiners, dust, chips,
chinkers, pewter, horsenails, brads. Seventeen synonyms
to one word ; and then we come to species—pieces of
money. Sovereigns are yellow-boys, cooters, quids ;
crown-pieces are bulls and cart-wheels; shillings, bobs or
benders ; sixpenny-pieces are fiddlers and tizzies ; four-
penny-pieces, joeys, or bits ; pence, browns, or coppers
and malts. To say that a man is without money, or in
poverty, some persons remark that he is down on his
luck, hard up, stumped up, in Queer-street, under a
cloud, up a tree, quisby, done up, sold up, in a fix. To
express that he is rich, we say that he is warm, comfort-
able, that he has feathered his nest, that he has lots of
tin, or that he has plenty of stuff, or is worth a plum.
For the one word drunk, besides the authorised synonyms,
tipsy, inebriated, intoxicated, I find of unauthorised or
slang equivalents the astonishing number of 32, viz.—in
liquor, disguised therein, lushy, bosky, huffy, boosy,
mops and brooms, half-seas-over, far-gone, tight, not able
to see a bole through a ladder, three sheets in the wind,
foggy, screwed, hazy, sewed up, mooney, muddled, muzzy,
swipey, lumpey, obfuscated, muggy, beery, winey, slewed,
on the ran-tan, on the re-raw, groggy, ploughed, cut, and
in his cups. For one article of drink, gin, we have ten
synonyms—max juniper, gatter, duke, jackey, tape, blue
ruin, cream of the valley, white satin, old Tom.—Dickens's
Household Words.

WHERE MALACHITE Is FOUND. Siberia and
Australia are nearly the only two which can be named.
In Australia the discovery has been very recent; but in
Siberia malachite has long been known. Until within a
few years, the largest mass obtained weighed about 100
poods (a pood equals 36 English pounds); it was obtained
from the copper mine of M. Tourchaninoff, at Goumecheff
(oh ! these Russian names), and is deposited in one of the
national museums. But this has been beaten into in-
significance by a recent discovery, to which are due the
magnificent specimens of malachite brought to England.
The Messrs. Demidoff, of St. Petersburg, are the owners
of some copper mines in the Ural Mountains ; and while
the miners were in search of the metallic ore, they on one
fortunate day lighted upon a mass of malachite weighing
not less than 3,000 poods. The miners were able to
detach this in one block, and they then met with another
thousand poods weight filling up clefts and crevices in the
surrounding rock. What a treasure this : considering
that a fair specimen of malachite will bring 15s. per
English pound ! There is supposed to be a still larger
deposit of malachite near the spot whence this mass was
obtained : precious nuggets (albeit green) which may by and
by put money into the pockets of the proprietors. But,
like other treasures, malachite requires the hand of man
before it is practically valuable. The large masses crumble
in the air, generally into pieces of two to four pounds
weight ; and the question arises how to work so very
brittle a material. It is not altogether a new art, for
museums and royal palaces, in many parts of Europe, '
contain specimens of inlaying or veneering with malachite.
But when Messrs. Demidoff made their grand discovery,
an incentive was given towards the adoption of larger
mechanical appliances. They determined to establish a
manufactory of their own at St. Petersburgh, which they
placed under the care of M. Leopold Joffriand, who left
no means untried to obtain a mastery over the materials,
Sand make it applicable to ornamental purposes. How he
eueeeeded in his task the malachite doors at the Crystal
Talace testified.

LITAL CO

ST ONDI

ST. PHILIP'S CHURCH

TO TUE EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD

Sin,—ln the columns of your last Tuesday's newspaper,
I read, with anything but feelings of pleasure, two letters
with reference to the services at St. Philip's Church, on
the previous Thursday, when Dr. Hook, at much personal
inconvenience, left his own parish to come among us, and
kindly assist me in my earnest, though humble, endeavour
to incite the members of the St. Philip's congregation to

a more frequent attendance in the house of Goa, and to
increased liberality in helping forward the holy work in
which we are engaged. The want of knowledge so con-
spicuously manifested by one of your correspondents in
his misapplication of terms, will not have enhanced the
imagined importance of his letter in the opinion of persons
better informed on such subjects than he appears to be.
And the spirit breathed in the sentiments of both " A
Churchman" and " Nemo" could not fail to awaken in
the hearts of really religious persons sorrow and regret.
My object, however, in writing to you on the present
occasion, is not with any desire to enter into controversy
with your before-mentioned correspondents : nor, had
there been a personal attack upon myself directly or in-
directly, should I have deemed it necessary on that
account to trouble you with a letter, but I write simply
for this reason, viz., having it in my power, I trust, thus
to remove any unfavourable impression which may have
been made on the minds of some, with reference to the
Ability or painstaking of the gentleman who officiates
as organist, and to whose care the musical portion
of the service at St. Philip's Church is entrusted.
Where there is just cause for complaint, no one ought to
be offended at the complainer, when that complaint is
made in a right and proper manner. That there was just
cause for complaint on last Thursday week, as far as the
singing is concerned, cannot be denied; but there are
extenuating circumstances which could not easily be made
known at the time to those strangers who were present,
although known to the regular members of the congrega-
tion. The organ had been closed for several weeks, and
the repairs and enlargement only completed half an hour
before the commencement of divine service—the singers
were recently brought together—some of the best voices
were not present, being unable to leave their daily employ-
ment—and Mr. D. C. Browne, the regular and much-valued
organist, unable, through severe illness, to preside at the

Now, Sir, I cannot but hope and believe that, had your
correspondents been acquainted with these particulars
previously to writing the letters you inserted for them in
your valuable paper, instead of venting, in unmeasured
strain, their feelings of annoyance and disapprobation, they
would have sympathized with the clergy and congrega-
tion of St. Philip's Church in their deep regret that such
untoward circumstances should have caused the musical
services to have been so imperfectly performed on that
day, as it must be acknowledged they were.

It may be asked, why were the musical services attempted
in the absence of the regular, organist and some of the
best voices of the choir? To which I would simply remark,
that I believed the arrangements to be complete, and that
I was not aware of the deficient means of carrying them
out until it was too late for remedy.
Sincerely hoping that the next time "A Churchman "
and "Nemo " are induced to attend divine service at St.
Philip's Church they may find very considerable improve-
ment in the music and singing,—I am, Sir, yours; faith-
fully, C. H. BURTON.
Liverpool, Oct. 7, 1853.

ECCLESIASTICAL INTELLIGENCE.

PREFERMENTS AND APPOINTMENTS.

Rev. A. Rolland, 8.A., to the Curacy of St. Bartholomew's,
Birmingham. _

Rev. L. Browne, to the Incumbency of Whittlebury and
Silverstone. Northampton.

—Rev. H. H. Candy, 8.A., to the Curacy of Inkberrow, near
Alcester. _

Rev. J. Carr, M.A., to the Perpetual Curacy of Westoe
Chapel, South Shields.
Rev. E. V. Channel, 8.A., Trinity College, Cambridge, to
the Curacy of Rothwell, near Wakefield.
Rev. T. Caldwell, to the Rectory of Greens Norton, North-
ampton.
Rev. T. M. Dickson, 8.A., to be Head Master of the
Grammar Schopl,Berwick-on-Tweed.

Rev. J. Ford, 'M.A., to the Rectory of Somerton, near
Clare, Suffolk.
Rev. G. T. Hoare, M.A., to the Perpetual Curacy of
Tandridge, Surrey.
Rev. G. Lermet, 8.A., to be Head Master of the Grammar
School at Dedham, nelir Colchester.

Rev. T. B. Lloyd. ALA., to the Incumbency of St Mary's,
with'St. Michael's annexed, -hrewsbury.
Rev. E. G. Moon, M.A., of Magdalen College, Oxford, to
be Chaplain to the Lord Mayor Elect (Alderman Sidney), for
the year of his mayoralty.
Mr. P. Newman, 8.A., of Exeter College. Oxford, to the
Second Mastership of King Edward the Si .th's Grammar
School, Ludlow.
Rev. J. L. Prior, M.A.. to the Rectory of Lynby, and to
the Perpetual Curacy of Papplewick, Notts.
Rev. W. Tatluck, to the Incumbency of the new church
erected at Bark Island, Halifax.
Rev. W. Temple, 8.A., Jesus College, Cambridge, to the
Rectory of Nymet Rowland, Devon (void by reason of simony).
Rev. F. C. Tremlow, M.A., to the Rectory of Forton,
St.ffordshire.
Rev. E. Twells, 8.A., St. Peter's College, Cambridge, to
the Assistant Curacy of the Parish Church, Wakefield.
Rev. H. Walker, to the Curacy of Buxliall, Suffolk.
Rev. J. C. Wharton, to the Vicarage of Bierton, near
Aylesbury.
The following presentations have become vacant by the
death of the incumbents:—

The Rectory of Finmere, near Bicester, Value, £350
a-year. Patron, Mr. J. Walker.
The Vicarage of Melbourne St. Andrew, Dorset. Value,
£250 a-year. Patron, General J. Michel.

The Rectory of Bondleigh, or Bundley, near Crediton
Value, '309 a-year. Patron, the Earl of Egremont.

The- Rectory of St. Peter's, Nottingham. Value, .f 450
a-year. Patron, the Lord Chancellor.

•
The Incumbency of Ridware-Pipe' near Rageley. Patron,
the Chancellor of Lichfield Cathedral. The Head Mastershiv
of Rugeley Grammar School.

The Rectory of Lamplugh, near Whitehaven. Value, .e 303
a-year. Patron, NI!: J. L. Raper.

The ReetOryot %Veyhill, H;nts. Value, £9OO. Patrons,
Queen's College, Oxford.

DIOCESE OF CHESTER

PREFERMENTS.—The Rev. Richard Moss, to the Stipen-
diary Curacy of Christ Church, Macclesfield, in the county
of Lancaster ; the Rev. David Thomas Barry has been
licensed to the Perpetual Curacy of St. Barnabas Church,
Liverpool, void by the cession of the Rev. George Dover.
Patrons, the Trustees.
CONSECELTIOICS.—The new church at Grange, in the
parish of Cartmel, in the county of Lancaster, is to be
consecrated by the Bishop of Chester, on Thursday, the
13th instant ; and the church of Preston Patrick, in the
parish of Burton-in-Kendal, Westmoreland, which has
been entirely rebuilt, together with the additional burial
ground, on Friday, the 14th.
ORDINATrOK.—The Lord Bishop of Chester intends to
hold his next Ordination at Chester, on the second Sunday
in Lent. - _ _ _ _ _ .

Tim REV. Dn. AsrixrALL, minister of St. Matthias'
Church, has been appointed by the Bishop of Moray and
Ross to the incumbency of the Episcopal Church at
Duffus, Murray shire.
DIOCESE OF MANCHESTER.—Preferments: On Tues-
day, at the Diocesan Registry, the Bishop of Manchester
licensed the Rev. Joah Bates, Wakefield (formerly curate
of the Parish Church of Prestwich), to the perpetual curacy
of South Shore, near Blackpool, vacant by the resignation
of the Rev. Thomas Bowden Banner, the last incumbent;
on the nomination of Mr.. John Talbot Clifton, of Lytham
Hall, the patron. His lordship, at the same time, licensed
the Rev. Wray Richard Hunt, 8.A., to the stipendiary
curacy of St. Paul's Church, Preston; on the nomination
of the Rev. Samuel Flood Page, the incumbent. Vacancy:
The perpetual curacy of St. James's, Accrington, has be-
come vacant by the death of the Rev. John Hopwood, who
held the living for the long period of 36 years, having
been appointed to it in the year 1817. The living is in
the gift of Hulme's Trustees.:
THE MANCHESTER. DIOCESAN CHURCH BUILDING
SOCIETY.—The quarterly meeting of the above society
was held on Thursday last, at the Town-hall, the Lord
Bishop of the diocese in the chair. The following mem-
bers of the committee were present :—The yen. Arch-
deacon of Manchester, the Rev. Canons Master, Parr,
Raines, Hull, and Turner ; the Revs. R. Durnford, St.
Vincent Beechey, J. Clarke, T. Corser, E. J. Hornby, and
T. Maekreth ; J. Wilson Patten, Esq., M.P.; R. Towneley
Parker, Esq., M.P.; C. Carill Worsley, Esq., E. H. Royds,
Esq., Thomas Clegg, Esq., T. F. Dearden, Esq., W. C.
Jones, Esq., Joseph Lamb, Esq., J. T. Hibbert, Esq., J.
Burder, Esq., treasurer, and the Rev. J. P. Pitcairn, and
James Street, hon. secs. The committee resolved that all
applications for aid in the erection of parsonages be for
the present deferred. The grants made in aid of the erec-
tion and enlargement of churches are as follow :—St.
John's, Longsight, £lOO for enlargement; St. Matthew's,
Chadderton, £2OO for building ; St. Paul's, Burnley, £l5O
for building ; Flixton Church, £25 for enlargement ; Wer-
neth Church (Oldham), £35 for building. The total
amount of grants made by the society in aid of the erec-
tion and enlargement of churches, and the erection of par-
sonage houses, since its formation, is £3,487. It was re-
solved that the signature of an architect be required in
all certificates of completion of work (unless specially dis-
pensed with by the committee) in addition to the signa-
tures of the incumbent and churchwardens. Manchester
Guardian.

THE CLERGY AND THE INCOME TAX.—An impor-
tant question has arisen with regard to the liability of
curates who are paid by the Church Pastoral Aid and
other similar societies to the income tax, the contribu-
tions thus raised being of a purely voluntary nature. The
Archdeacon of Chester has kindly undertaken, on behalf
of the clergy generally,, to have the question legally
settled. The venerable archdeacon, in a preliminary state-
ment upon the matter, says that the Church Pastoral Aid
Society makes grants, not to the curates, but to the in-
cumbents of parishes ; that the curates employed are
nominated by the bishop of the diocese, without reference
to the sources from whence the stipend is derived ; and
that the bishop's license secured a certain stipend as a
remuneration for their services, which sum the incum-
bent is bound to pay, even should the grant be withdrawn,
so long as the bishop licenses the curate. In this respect
there was no difference between the cases of the curates
whose salaries were derived from the Church Pastoral Aid
Society or the Curates Aid Society, and those whose sti-
pends were paid by the richer rectors themselves. It is
true, the archdeacon remarks, that a gift is not charge-
able with income tax, but that the grants of the before-
named valuable societies are of an eleemosynary character
only to the incumbents, or rather to the parishes. He
might also remark, that if the aggregate incomes arising
from legal incomes and gifts equalled or exceeded the
minimum chargeable with income tax, the proportion
which was legal was assessable to the tax. The archdea-
con states that he has submitted these considerations to
the commissioners of taxes, who thought his law was
good but that the case was worth trying. As the arch-
deacon's curateMiddlewich is paid by the Church
Society, the venerable gentleman has ar-
rapdemweactoondra'slthcAautirad ant appeal by his curate shall be made, so that
the opinion of the Board of Taxes may be taken, and the
question definitely settled. The arguments will turn
upon the question, whether a curate is the object of the
society's bounty, he being required to give a receipt to
the society for the money received, though transmitted
in the name of the incumbent.

THE Aim COLLIERS had their wages advanced to ss.
per 'day on Thursday last. This is the fifth rise in their
wages :since November, the wages then being balf-ta,erewn.

113_EillY

TBITIO.

VILLIA.zut

nook, through which a tiny stream meandering is dammed
up into a pool of sweetly-pellucid water, overshadowed by

an embowerin

arch of lofty trees

spot i

iggestive of coolness and quiet retirement

the brook, in I

its transparent serenity, is at once a temptation to the
rustic bath, which some blithesome damsels are preparing
to enjoy, and a foil to the sultry atmosphere with which
the picture is filled. In drawing, the girls are pleasing
and in good proportion, in colouring and painting rich and
harmonious, and they are delineated with tasteful execution.
As a whole, however, the picture appears heavy, and its
atmosphere seems thick and oppressive ; this drawback
upon its general excellence is, no doubt, much exaggerated
by the disadvantageous light in which it is placed, the
rays falling on it in such a manner as to render it exceed-
ingly difficult to see the whole subject from any point.

the judgment of the hanging committee the picture pos-
sessed such merits as to entitle it to the conspicuous and
prominent position assigned to it, it should have been so
placed as to afford the public a fair_ opportunity to pro-
.

nounceupon its qualitie;

52
of Solomon