The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1836-11-22 00:00:00

14117, LIVERPOOL STAN6AIi6.

"The preparation of the heart in man is of the Lord." ' Dili-
gent activity in the use of means in an obvious and imperative
duty; knowledge of every description is good; but God is a
jealous God, and will never give to the schools of unaided na-
tural science that saving light which shines exclusively in the
temple of revelation. Mr. Rathbone says:—
" A few months back our Corporation, • • • considering that
the schools were for all sects, agreed to make trial of the plan of
the Irish hoard, which, while it gives general education, and a
knowledge of parts of the Bible to all sects in common, secures to
each a knowledge of the version of the Scriptures, the creeds, and
Catechisms, of their own ehnr;•hes, under their respective minis-
ters; thus leaving freedom of odinion untouched, while the most
complete religious education is, as far as possible, secured to all."
The resolution of the council is, "that the clergy of the different
denominations be solicited to attend for these purposes, and
that every practicable accommodation he afforded them." And
Mr. Rathbone's reading of this, is, that religious instruction, is
secured to the children under their respective ministers. Where,
I ask, is the security ? Suppose the ministers did not choose or
had not time to attend, what have you done as patrons to secure
religious instruction in the schools? Suppose such regulations
adopted as to exclude some ministers : suppose the whole Bible
read, which would exclude the Roman catholic priests, then
what have you done to secure religious instruction for the
Roman catholic children ? Or, suppose the Bible not read,
which would exclude true christian ministers, then what have
you done to secure religious instruction for the protestant chil-
dren? If you say it is uncharitable and unchristian in pro-
testant ministers to allow the absence of the whole Bible during
school hours to keep them away : we reply, it is at least equally
uncharitable and unchristian in Roman catholic ministers to
allow the presence of the whole Bible during school hours to keep
them away. If you say the Roman catholics have a conscience
in this matter: we reply, so have we. If you say, you were
bound to change the original arrangement of the schools for
their sakes: we reply, you are equally bound to change the pre-
sent arrangement for our sakes. The schools are now as ex-
clusively Roman catholic, as they were exclusively -protestant.
Your avowed object was to have schools which should not he
exclusive, but it is an object absolutely unattainable. If
you pay attention to the conscientious scruples of Roman
Catholics against whole Bible reading, and refuse to pay
similar attention to the conscientious scruples of protest-
ants against the want of whole Bible reading : then you not
only cease to give that high preference to the word of God to
which it is entitled from every man; but also, even upon your
own principles, you confessedly cease to be impartial represen-
tatives of the population of the town—impartial guatdiaus of
the public purse. If you say the extracts used in the schools
are intended to meet the difficulty, and please all parties; we
reply, first, the Irish extracts are unfairly made. To prove this
as it deserves would swell this letter to an inconvenient length,
I shall, therefore, take the liberty of addressing another letter
to you expressly upon this point. We reply, secondly, that no
extracts as substitutes for the Bible during school hours can
meet the difficulty. We value extracts, fairly made, as helps
for convenience and economy; but as substitutes we utterly
repudiate them.
The elements you have to deal with, are like the iron and
clay i❑ the prophetic image. They will not amalgamate. The
whole system of the Irish board is the abortive attempt of men
with whom religion is but one among many things; and it is in
the highest degree offensive, and distressing to men with whom
religion is THE oN E thing needful, which pervades all things.
Addressing you respecting the proposal recently made, that
you should give up the schools, Mr. Rathbone says :
" And on what plea would you abandon the schools ? Not on
the plea of failure ; kir everything we have done promises even
more success than we anticipated from it. And that the majority
of the children are Catholic, is proof only of their greater want of
schools, and of the zeal with which our opponents unscrupulously
lay hold of every passion on which they can work, to alarm the
Protestant parents, and induce them to prefer for their children the
probability of the Bridewell to the school-room and the Bible."
Here is a-charge against the opponents of the present school
system, that we labour to induce protestant parents to prefer
for their children th,3 probability of the bridewell to the school-
room AND the Bible. It is unnecessary to pen an answer to this.
It carries with it more than its own refutation. I feel confident
that it will recoil heavily upon all who support it, and I would
respectfully suggest to you the propriety of rescuing yourselves
from all suspicion of being parties to it. Is the prompt contri-
bution of £ll,OOO for Bible schools an inducement to protestant
parents to prefer the probability of the bridewell to the school-
room and the Bible ? But lam ashamed to argue against such
a charge. Mr. Rathbone says :

lerday evening, at the Vine Tavern, Pitt-street, at which Mr.
4atitbone and several others of the Corporation School Committee
attended, for the purpose of answering any questions relative to the
tort' slander, which asserts that the Bible is excluded from these
schools. Mr. Rathbone said, not merely were selections from the
Bible made, but the whole Bible was used. Mr. Blackburn said
the Bible was daily read in those schools. That it was not was but
an assertion, and need be only me'. by a direct negative. Mr.
Walinsley, who was loudly called fur, said that the Bible,
4nmutaated, was part of the daily routine of the schools.
how see. the premises and see the conclusion. The Bible
is excluded from the Irish system ; the Irish system is
11doPtecl in Liverpool—ergo, the Bible is not excluded from
the Liverpool schools. (Loud cheers.) Two affirmative
anises bringing in a negative conclusion! (Loud cheers.)
Here my assertion that you have excluded
the Bible from your schools is reiterated, not retracted; and
reiterated on the authority of your own resolution, which
expressly and peremptorily • confines you to the books used
to the Irish system. But I laid further :—" I cannot con-
:4l2de without congratulating this meeting and the whole
upon the grativing fact that the resolution of our Town
`'°llneil, adopting the Irish system of education in their
schools, and thereby excluding the Bible, has been prac-
tically rescinded. if it be not rescinded, the Bible is still
excluded ; but, upon the combined and unanswerable testi-
l'seuy of Mr. Rathbone, Mr. Blackburn, and Mr. Walmsley, I
In'aeliiira the cheering intelligence that the Bible is nut exclud-
sd, and, consequently, the resolution of July is practically re-
scinded!"
Mr. Rathbone bails this statement as an acknowledg-
°lent ou my part that the Bible is not excluded from your
schools. Is he prepared to deal fairly with the whole passage—
', adopt the alteruative therein stated, and to avow that the
resolution of the council, in July, is practically rescinded? If
this be so, and you be disposed to agree with him, permit me
respectfully to suggest that it would be more becoming the
"Iguity of a public body openly to repeal the resolution in
question, by a counter resolution, that your words and actions
may be in unison, than to proceed practically to violate your
"It recorded pledge. But if Mr. Rathbone be not prepared to
deal fairly with the whole passage, and will not avow that the
t!solution,of July is practically rescinded, then I have only to
direct your attention to the alternative stated in my speech—
' if it be not rescinded, the Bible is still excluded." And, in
either case, it is imperative upon me to say that the statement
ventained in Mr. It athbone's letter is not borne out by any thing
thave ever said or written.
2. I did and dowsed that the reading of the whole
bible ie in opposition to the Irish plan of education; and I make
this assertion on the authority of Lord Stanley's letter to the Duke
Leinster. Concerning the Kildare Place Society, then
carrying on scriptural education, his Lordship writes : •
' While they (the government) do full justice to the liberal views
‘'lLlt which that society was originally instituted, they cannot but
sensible that one of its leading principles was calculated to defeat
iravowed objects, as experience has subsequently proved that it
48. The determination to enforce in all their schools the reading
the holy scriptures, without note or comment, was undoubtedly
len with the purest motives, with the wish at once to connect re-
Igiolis with moral _and literary education, aud, at the same time, not
to run the risk of wounding the peculiar feelings of any sect by eate-
thetical instruction, or comments which might tend to subjects of
11:lernical controversy. But it seems to have been overlooked that
inte principles of the'Roman Catholic church (to which, any system
.ended for general diffusion throughout Ireland, the bulk of the
1"-?its must necessarily belong) were totally at variance with this
!W neiple ; and that the indiseriminate reading of the holy scripture,
without note or comment, by children, most be peculiarly ob-
n9.,xious to a church which denies, even fo adults, the right of un-
;red private interpretation of the sacred volume with respect to
the e articles of religious belief. Shortly after its institution, although
society prospered and extended its operations under the foster-
lug are of the legislature this vital defect began to be noticed, and the
Zc►msuccess
Catholic clergy began to exert themselves with energy and
anqulegainst a system
to which they were on principle opposed,
inch they feared might lead in its results to proselytism, even
although no such object were contemplated by its promoters.
n this opposition arose, founded on such grounds, it soon be-
`time manifest that the system could not become one of national
education."
The vital defect of the Kildare-place system was the reading
of the Bible in the school hours.
The present Irish system was instituted for the express purpose
remedying this defect. Was this purpose answered, and this
defect remedied, or not? To say it was note is to stultify the
whole proceeding, and to charge the Government of which Lord
Stanley was then the organ, with wilful deception. They hold
clll, that the Kildare Place system has a vital defect, to wit,—
• the
reading of the Bible,—and could not therefore become na-
.tish4l. They withdraw their grant of public money from it on
k account. They institute another system, which is to be na-
tional, voting it a much larger grant, and behold ! it contains
I.lle aforesaid vita: defect : nay, Mr. Rathbone says, that one of its
declared objects is to eromote the vital defect. Lord Stanley
describes the true and leading object of the present Irish sys-
t**"l 1" Le', avoid what was fatal in a stems, former temS, that
, i 4
•athe reading of the whole Bible. Mr. Rathbone declares
ilm'4," of the objects or the present hails system is to promote
it,e`
t'"liug of the whole Bible. I take the liberty of agreeing

" No party ever gained in the long run by following expediency
when principle was concerned; where that is once done, confidence
is justly shaken in such men ever after."
In this sentiment I am happy cordially to coincide, but the
application of it which Mr. Rathbone has manifested, is to me,
I must confess, utterly unintelligible. On the 9th instant,
Mr. Rathbone said in the council, that " he had no objection
to avow himself publicly to be an unitarian dissenter :" and in
the same speech, he said,
" That he had often attended the schools when those who ought to do
so purposely absented themselves, (he meant the clergy of the Church of
England.) and on those occasions he had taught the catechism of the
Church of England. and given, as far as he could, ass exposition of it
the children."
That is, he deliberately taught as truth to the children, what he
conscientiously believes to be falsehood and idolatry. As what
is called an unitarian dissenter, he avows himself one of a
class who believe that the doctrine of original sin, and of God's
anger against infants is false; yet he taught and expounded to
the children as truth, that they were born in sin and children of
wrath. He believes that Jesus Christ is a creature; yet he
taught and expounded to the children that Jesus Christ is God.
He does not believe that there is any such distinct person as the
Holy Ghost; yet he taught the children to say, I believe in
God the Holy Ghost, and expounded it to them! Here is a pli-
ancy of principle descending so low, that there remains no
lower ground for expediency to stand on. This is the principle
of expediency superseding practically the principle of conscience
and truth. 'Well may we exclaim, where this is once done,
confidence is justly shaken in such men ever of ter.
Mr. Rathbone says :
" If you give up the 4chools on the ~,round of their unpopularity,
how can you expect government to risk what your reform corpora-
tion feel they have not strength to stand against ; and when our
unfortunate failure will have added greatly to their discourage-
ment ?"

This is an appeal upon party politics, and I therefore decline
any reply. I do not indeed shrink, and I trust I never
,shall,
from maintaining, publicly and privately, the great principles
of scriptural politics in the face of men of all parties.• Those
principles may be thus comprehensively stated. The revealed
-"cord of God is the only sure standard of moral right and wrong ;
and what is morally wrong can never be politically right. Con-
sequently the true basis of all sound government, is Revelation
with its immutable announcements, and not population in its
fluctuating majorities. But, notwithstanding all that has been
sneeringly said against me as a political parson, it is a fact
into which I respectfully challenge inquiry, that I have never
belonged to any political society of any description, or de-
scended into the arena of political partizanship among men.
Were I, on the present occasion, to speak as a party politician,
I would counsel you by all means to retain the schools under the
present arrangement, and thus to keep yourselves in arrayed
hostility against the protestant intelligence and scriptural pre-
dilections of the town.
In conclusion, gentlemen, permit me to assure you, that if
any of you, or any other of our fellow-townsmen, conceive that
I am guilty of misrepresentation, either in the case of any in-
dividual, or any system; nothing will be more congenka to my
feelings than a personal interview with such person or persons.
I shall candidly state the documentary evidence on which I have
grounded my assertions, and if it shall be fairly proved to me
that I am mistaken, I shall thankfully acknowledge my error.
The simple and single desire of my soul has been to teach the
truth as it is in Jesus, the Saviour of sinners, and the " Prince
of the Kings of the Earth;" and amidst the unkind and uncan-
(lid treatment which I .have had to encounter, I have the more
than recompensing consolation of knowing that many, very
many, have received that truth 'in love. It will add much to my
best happiness if I may be the humble instrument of bringing
before any of your minds the true view of the momentous sub-
ject on which you are about to legislate. It is indeed momen-
tous, involving the present and eternal interests of so many
immortal beings. It is my earnest. prayer that you may each
be led to feel the responsibility of your position, and Le saved
from " rushing upon the thick bosses of the Almighty's buckler.'
For God is very jealous for his word. " Therefore as the fire
devoureth the stubble, and the flame consumeth the chaff, so
their root shall k‘ as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up
as dust ; because they have cast away the law of the Lord of

Hosts, and DESPISED THE WORD of the Holy one of Israel."
with Lord Stanley upon this point, and I cannot doubt that you
Isaiah v., 21. If any man shall add unto these things,
will agree with toe. In the light of this conclusion, you will
see that your own resolution to adopt the present Irish sysicm, Gird shall add unto him the plagues that are written in
and confine yourselves to the use of their books, and no this book : and if any man shall take away from the words of
other, fully justifies all I have said upon the subject. the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of
the book of life, and out of the holy city, and front the things
On the subject of education generally, Mr. Rathbone says:—
which are written in this book. Revelations xxii. 18, 19.
" For some timeand arithmetic were considered
education, without any attention to that moral training which With such words before me, I confess I tremble at the thought
should ensure these powerful tools being well used. When the defects
of
of this education' were felt, much pains were successfully bestow- extracts, and unfair extracts, as substitutes for the Bible,
ed, in soma schools, on intellectuol development. lint though in- during any one hour of the day.
tellectual development acted favourably on moral character, it was
not sufficient to overcome the evil influences to which the children
were, in many cases, exposed out of doors. Well-conducted infant
schools showed how these evil influences might lw successfully met,
and how diligent !Nora' training could implant moral and religious
principle sir firmly that under the must adverse circumstances the
infants have continued honest, trusting in, and trying to please,
their heavenly "Father with a simplicity and entireness of faith that
forcibly recalls that ' of such is the kingdom of heaven.' "
We highly value reading, writing, arithmetic, intellectual de-
velopement, and moral training; but all these combined are
not, and never can be sufficient to overcome the evil influences
to which children are exposed, both in-doors and out of doors.
The word of God describes religious principle as implanted by
the Holy Spirit; represents the object of a sinful creature's
trust to he the Lord Jesus Christ, and him crucified, the just for
the unjust; and declares, that "except a man be born again he
cannot enter into the kingdom of heaven." But Mr. ltathbone's
statements on this vital subject are entirely divested of any re-
ference to the Lord Jesus Christ, or the Holy Spirit, or the in-
ward and spiritual change declared by our Saviour to be indis-
pensable. And we can have no hesitation in affirming, that
suck religion as is manifested in this passage of Mr. Rathbone's
letter, in addition to reading, writing, arithmetic, intellectual
developement, and moral training, can never prove sufficient to
overcome the evil influences to which children are exposed

I am, gentlemen,
With much respect,
Your obedient servant,
HUGH M‘NEILE.

St. Jude's, 18th November, 1836.

To THE LICENSED VICTUALLERS OF LIVERPOOL.

FELLOW TOWNSMEN !--I am proud to say that many of your
body have nobly performed their duty at the recent Election of
Town Councillors. You have not been deterred from doing so
by the threats of those men who have been placed in power by
your unrequited exertions. They have done alt they could to
oppress you since their elevatio❑ above their fellow-townsmen.
And,to add insult to tyranny, they tell you that, though you
may turn the Councillors out, the Magistrates are in for life—
that they can do as they please—grant as many fresh licensee
as they like annually—and refuse the renewal of as many others '
as they choose. Will they not do all this, if left i❑ power?—
Yes ; for revenge is one of the most prominent characteristics
of Whiggerv. But what says the London evening organ of the
Radicals—the Globe ?It says that as soon as Lords Melbourne
and John Russell are turned out—which they evidently antici-
pate—one of the first measures of the Conservatives, upon their
accession to office, will be, to turn out all the recently appointed
imbeciles who disgrace the magistracy. Let this come to pass
as soon as possible is my ardent wish. lam sure that the in-
fluential body which I.now address, will do all in their power to
facilitate the downfal of the junta that now rules over us. Let
our cry then be, " Saadon and Canning fin. Ever ! I atn.• &c.
A LICENSED VICTUALLER,.

THE SECRET HISTORY OF THE WHIGS' ABAN-
DONMENT OF MR. JAMES SILK BUCKINGHAM.

TO THE EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL STSND.IRD.
When Lord Heytesbury's appointment to the Governor Ge-
neralship of India was annulled by the exercise of the Minis-
terial prerogative,—Lord Auckland was appointed upon the
nomination, and through the influence of the Marquis of Lane
downe. But this lucrative situation was not granted to the
Marquis's nominee unopposed ; indeed, it required all the power
which his wealth, boroughs, and talents gave hint over the
rest of the Cabinet to enable him to carry his point
To confirm this nomination, however, the approval of the
East India Company was requisite;—and on its being taken
into discussion by the Directors,—they were so annoyed at the
substitution of a man of no, or at least of unknown abilities,
for one of such generally acknowledged talents as Lord Heytes-
bury, that they not only refused to ratify Lord A's. appoint-
ment,—but on a division, they voted next to unanimously,
namely 22 to 1 against it. Well, what was to be done with all
the fat in the fire! The majority of the Cabinet, as sensible as
the East India Company of the inefficiency of Lord Auckland,
requested the Marquis of Lansdowne to withdraw his protege's
name. No! he held out with the threat that if he did not carry
his point, the Ministry should be broken up. By the way, -I.
ought (to be very correct,) to state, that it was the Marchiones
who made the threat. Be that as it may, the effect was the
same, and a confidential communication was immediately open-
ed with the Board of Directors for the purpose of obtaining
their withdraWal of their veto, and to give them a "quid pro quo"
for the same. Lord Aukland was sent out Governor General
of lndia,—and Mr. Buckingham's claims were thenceforward
burked most unceremoniously by the Whig Ministers and under-
lings;—that being one (of many) of the secret conditions of
the Treaty of Peace. -No wonder Cam Hobhouse lost his tem-
per and prudence, under the pressure of the galling burden he
was compelled to bear, when he said to Mr. Buckingham, who
upbraided him with his inconsistency,—" Why did you not
bring it forward when Sir Robert Peel was in power? then we
could all have voted with you" (! !)
Here ends my narrative :—I have no objection to vouch for
its veracity, as delivered to me, (or rather in a conversation in
which I bore a part,) by Mr. Buckingham himself, with whom I
dined at Mr. C's, recently. Mr. C. asked him if he had any
proof of this account,—he replied, he rested upon the facts as
evidence of such a compact, but, that he had more explicit
data to fill up every outline, but that he was not at liberty yet
to publish them. The communication (to him) could have
taken place only, in confidence, or rather through a breach of
confidence,—but that I have nothing to do with, as he mention-
ed it openly and unreservedly.—l am, Sir, Yours.VlN &c.,DE.X.
Birmingham.

THE CORPORATION SMAR SCH SAND THE OLD
GROOL.

LIVERPOOL POLICE

ATTEMPTED BuiscidattV.—On Friday, at, the pi-bike-eft-lee,
three young men, reputated thieves, of teat " haug•do4" appear-
ance, named John Stuart, Richard Pendleton, and John P.
were brought before the Magistrates, charged with having at-
tempted to enter the house of Mr. Samuel iSsight, in Rodney-
street, the night previous. Inspector Poole deposed that on
that morning, .about half-past one o'clock, as he was passing
down Reduey-street, along with an officer, he heard a noise
like that of the falling of a long sweeping. broam. The officer
and he then got over the wall of Mr. Samuel Bright's back
premises, where the noise cause films, and found the three
prisouers concealed in an out-house used fur cleaning shoes.
He alarmed the family, to see that all was right, and they found
that they had made an attempt to break into the house but had
not succeeded. The men when found were without their shoes.
He then took them down to Duncan-street Bridewell, and on
Stuart was found a key and a box of matches. On one of the
other prisoners was found a knife ground for the purpose of
cutting out pannels. As he was taking them to Bridewell they
told hint that " if he had stopped had stopped half an hour
longer they. should have completed their job." On going
that morning to inspect the premises 'where the prisoners had
been concealed he found three skeleton keys, three pair of
shoes, which the prisoners claimed as theirs, a jemmy, used for
forcing doors, and a dark lanthoru. Ile examined the window
leading into the butler's pantry, where they had been climbing
up. He saw some marks in the putty of the window, and on
applying the knife to thesl, which ha had found on the prisoner
Stuart, he fmnd that it fitted exactly. They had climbed
on a bucket turned upside down, and appeared to have knocked
down the brush whilst trying the window. The servant-man
of Mr. Bright deposed that he had locked up the house at bed-
time and went to bed a little before eleven o,clock. The back
door was also fastened, and the prisoners must have got over the
wall. The policeman, Wilcockson, who was with Inspector
Poole, gave similar evidence. On hearing the stick fall, his
inspector told him he had better get over the wall of the yard;
he did so, and on searching about in the out-house he felt one
of the prisoners with his hand. He immediately gave the alarm
and obtained further assistance, and secured them. He asked
them how long they had been there, and they replied " since
half-past eight o'clock; that they had not made an attempt on
the house, but were just going to begin, and that they had
dined in Kirkdale last Christmas and they would deny there this
Christmas and pass the winter over there. The prisoners in de-
fence, who seemed to have au idea of the legal responsibility
they had incurred, all positively denied that they attempted to
break into the house—that that was only their intention. The
depositions for their commitment for the misdetueauour were
ordered to be taken.
THE SPANISH LEGION.—On Friday, at the police-office, one
of those wretched and much-to-be-pitied men who had lately
arrived from Colonel Evans's troop of " heroes" was placed at
the bar under a charge of having thrust his hand through a
baker's shop window and taken a loaf out. The prisoner said
be had returned about tour or five weeks ago from Spain, where
be had been in the army. His name, he said, was Patrick
Egan, he was a native of Ireland, and had been in Liverpool
for some weeks expecting to get a passage to his own country.
He had been at the parish office but Was- refused a passage
there. The reason the poor fellow gave for the act was sheer
starvation. We never saw a man whose countenance exhibited
such unequivocal tokens of a completely broken down spirit;
whilst his emaciated frame and tattered garments showed be-
yond contradiction that humanity had been tried to its last stage
of endurance. The magistrates had a communication with Mr.
Evans, of the parish-office, and he was forwarded to Ireland,
Mr. Hall, we believe, paying the damage for the window.
THE POLICE AND THEIR " INSTRVCTIONS."—On Friday, at
the police-office a respectable-looking man was brought up in
" durance vile," charged on suspicion, under the " instructions
given to the police." Policeman Mo. 218, a smart looking
fellow, who seemed to " bear his blushing honours" with much
satisfaction to himself, after two or three preliminary " hems"
and a complacent smile, which appeared to be catching, for the
magistrates smiled to, said, " Agreeablee to. the derecslauns
given to the pelese, I have lived for some months in the uaber-
nil of my beat, and have become acqueuted with the manners,
habits, customs, occupations, businesses, dispositions, tempers,
and way of life of the iuhabitene—a-hem—and, sir, I have
known this snail (who is a middle-aged man and a grocer) to be
a very disorderly individual, getting. drunk constant, and by,
continial habit and practice. Last night, I met him going to-
wards this lady's house (pointing to a female behind him) with
this poker in his hand, evidently with an evil intention, and in a
shocking state of ineebreety—a-hem—(smiling at the magis-
trates, who smiled again.) I kuow'd he had often been at this
teddy's, and had grosely insulted her several times; and, as he
was in the bract of going down towards her house with this
poker in his hand I took him into custody. My object is to
check his conduct. I believe he has been under bail a short
time before—a-hem." Mr. Hall.—" Why do you go to her
house?" Prisoner.—" Because she interferes rather more iu
my house than she ought. If I had been myself I would not
have gone near her." Mr. Hall.—" Vie must protect her;
probably you would have offered souse violence it you had not
been stopped in so going. Pay ss. for being drunk." The
" enehreeous individual," on paying the, flue was discharged.
LA BELLE ALLIANCE.—On Saturday, at the Police-office,
Peter Burns, who burns with a wicked furor for irregular ap-
propriation, was placed before Mr. Hall, charged by a knight
of the order of St. Crispin with having, robbed him. It appears
that, on the preceding day, the prisoner had entered the shop
of the worthy bootmaker, and had requested to be furnished
forthwith with a pair of bouts. The shopkeeper, perceiving
that, though the. prisoner wanted part of his stuck iu trade, he
did not encourage the stocking trade, (for he was absolutely
without stockings) and moreover, that he was bootless, told him,
that it was bootless for him to look upon his shelf, for he had no
boots that would fit him. The prisoner found that he must alter
his measures, and requested that the complainant would take his
measure. The latter declined, unless he would encase his dirty
understandings in stockings. The prisoner departed for this
purpose, and, after a time, returned with his feet more fittingly I
clad than with the mire of the streets. The shopkeeper and the
prisoner were preparing their measures at the same time, for,
while the latter was cutting a strip of paper and adapting his
rule, the latter was preparing for a cut of a different description
according to the rule of his profession. According to the tech-
nicality of the shopkeeper, lie hail taken a Wellington and a
Blucher out of the window, and had put them together under
his coat, thus forming a ilea' Belle Alliance, and was reaching
out.towards someCossaeks; which he doubtless thought would
be very agreeable companions for the noble pair which he had
concealed, whets he, saw the eve of the shopkeeper's daughter
fixed upon him. He immediately darted out of the shop wills.
the booty already obtained. The shopkeeper's daughter gave
the alarm to her father, informing hint of the capture of Wel-
lington and Blucher. The man of wax waxed wroth, that such
a juvenile should enter his shop and rob him in the open face of
Day and Martin. " Does he take me and my daughter fur a
pair of pumps ?" thought he. Without wasting another word
he gave chace, and caught the thief at no great distance, with
the property in his possession. The prisoner was described, by
one of the slicers of the court, as one of "the most noted thieves
in Liverpool." lie was committed fur trial.
THEFT.—Yesterday at the police office, amongst several cases
of a similar nature, a sharp looking lad about 13 years old,
named Thomas O'Neal, having a very distant acquaintance
with soap and water, was brought before the magistrates under
a charge of having stolen a turkey oa Saturday night from a
stall in St. John's market. A market woman named Jane Col-
linson stated that she was very busy selling, and on turning
round she saw the boy tunning out of the dour with a turkey in
his hand. She pursued hint, and gave him into custody. On
being asked what he had to say in his defence, the prisoner,
who could scarcely see above the bar, having pumped the salt-
water to high-water mark, said he was looking at the turkey
and going to buy it, when some lads ran past with a goose which
they had been stealing, and several persons were running after
them, and he forgot he had the turkey in his hand. and ran to
see what was. the matter, when he was taken into custody.
(Laughter.) Parkinson, the 13rideweli-keeper, said he knew
him to be a thief : he had been dismissed from the service of a
tobacconist for stealing. He was committed for 14 days to the
borough jail.
AN UNSOPHISTICATED —Yesterday at the police-office, a
young man named Benjamin Martin, who appeared the picture
of simplicity, appeared before the magistrates to complain
against a disorderly female named Sarah Owens, for having at-
tempted to rob hint of his clothes on Sunday night. The com-
plainant stated that he was going along Byrom-street on Sun-
day night, when the prisoner and another girl overtook and got
hold of him by each arm, and asked hint to treat them. They
then dragged him into a house in Lace-street, and attempted to
strip him of his clothes ; they tore his waistcoat off, and tried
to get his boots off, but could nut. here were three girls; two
of them held hint whilst the other robbed him and tried to get
off his clothes. They :took 4s. from-him, and cut his straps to
get his boots off. A policeman belittle met. the complainant at
the corner of Lace-street crying at the loss of his waistcoat ; he
seemed as if he had had some drink, and his nose was bleeding.
He then went with him to the house where he said he had been
robbed, when he Immediately -identified the prisoner. They
found there the prisoner's dickey, all bloody, and his gloves also
bloody. The informations were ordered to be taken for the
prisoner's trial at the Sessions..
ROBBERY.--Yesterday, at the Police-office, a lad named
Joseph Knox was brought up charged with having robbed the
Shop of
.Mr. Cassel, in Byrom-street, of a hat the same morning.
Mr. Cassel deposed that he kept a shop in Byrom-street, and
that morning, about nine o'clock, he was in his kitchen, whets
his daughter gave an alarm that a boy had run away with a hat.
Ile ran out, and caught• him with it. Miss Cassel deposed that
she saw the boy run out of the shop with a-hat, and she then
alarmed her father. Parkinson, the Bridewell-keeper, said that
the prisoner had only come out of Kirkdale a week before,
where ho had been for -three months. Mr. Hall said it was
right hie eareerehould be'thecked, and ordered the informations
for his committal to be taken.
,STASHlNG.—Yesterday, at the Police-office, a well-known
thief, on whose face scoundrel was written in most legible cha-
racters, named. Robert Taylor, was brought before the magis-
trates charged with having stabbed in the neck with,a penknife
a man named Thomas Canovan. The complainant, who ap-
peared very pale, and with a handkerchief tied under his chin,
deposed that the night before he was standing at the top of
Cumberland-street, when the prisoner ran past very quick, and
gave him a stab in the neck with a penknife. He had had no
quarrel with hint, but had stood by when he had had a quarrel
with another man, and the prisoner about five minutes after,
when he was standing alone with his hands in his pockets, stab-
bed him. A witness, the person wiith whom the prisoner had
had the quarrel, deposed to the same facts; he saw the prisoner
strike the complainant. •An officer deposed that between seven
and eight o'clock he was at his beat in Cumberland-street, and
saw the prisoner go up to the last witness and challenge hint to
fight; he ordered them aivay,'and went to the end of his beat,
and on returning he met a crowd bringing a man bleeding, and
he took him to a CloCtor's•shop. He inquired if the man was
badly hurt, and the surgeon replied he was indeed ; that, if the
wound had been a quarter of an inch further, he would have
been dead in a minute. He then took the prisoner into custody.
The prisoner denied that it was he who stabbed the complainant.
Both the complainant and his witness, however, positively swore
that he was the man. Mr. Hall said there was no period of
imprisonment which the magistrates could inflict which would
be sufficient punishment for so atrocious an act ; they should,
therefore, send him to take his trial at the sessions.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE, LIVERPOOL STANDARD
SlK,—Having perused in your paper of yesterday a letter
signed "An Old Freeman," I am thereby induced to address
you ou the present position of our corporation schools. Al-
though I cannot satisfy his inquiry respecting the extent and
endowment of the " Old School, in School-lane," et I have
always understood that there was formerly a free school in Li-
verpool (probably a Free Grammar School) in which, whatever
might be the privileges of freemen, all classes of society were
indiscriminately instructed; but, that on the decease of the last
master, the fabric itself WAS dissolved, and the funds for a while
disappeared altogether from the view of a deeply-interested
public. Indeed, I write advisedly in referring to an opinion of
the late J. B. Ilollinshead, Esq., who,. when requested during
his mayoralty, about fourteen years ago, to promote the erec-
tion of additional schools in the more populous parts of the
town, answered, "that it was wished by some of the corporation
to build such in lieu of the old Free School." Hence, I con-
ceive, the present schools originated, as substitutes for the one
in School-lane. Be that, however, as it may, if party spirit
now rums so high as to prevent a union both iu opinion and in
practice; or; if one class. of professing christians be virtually
excluded for the indulgence of others, surely it becomes the
trustees of such a charity to retrace their steps, and to legislate
anew for the public advantage. If, again, almost every church
and chapel has its own peculiar school, and if a variety of ethers
afford instruction for the more wealthy inhabitants of Liverpool,
does not something seem wanting for the education of those
who are connected with the less opulent tradesmen and indus-
trious operatives ? Instead, therefore, of attempting tu con-
tinue the present delusive system, or even to adopt the prefer-
able proposition of selling the two schools, it does, I think, be-
hove the corporation to consider how far these institutions might
be converted to a much greater good, by being appropriated to
an intermediate class of children, and partially endowed for the
encouragement of efficient masters. Thus, were i:100 per an-
num allowed to the head master of each school, together with a
suitable contiguous residence; were a limited number of bee-
men's children gratuitously educated ; were those who are in-
structed in English, writing, and arithmetic, required to pay two
guineas per annum, whilst those who, in addition thereto are
taught Greek and Latin, should pay double that sum; were
some such system as this adopted, I for one cannot but think
that much more benefit, as well as satisfaction, would soon be
apparent. Moreover, whilst no man's mere ipse dixit should
unduly influence the public mind, it is equally true that mo-
deration, both in opinion and conduct, should actuate ail con-
flicting parties:
" Est modus in rebus, runt certi denique fines ;
Quos ultra citraque nequit consistere rectum."
I would, therefore, in conclusion, humbly address myself to the
Common Council in particular, as stewards of the public purse
of Liverpool, and also to the inhabitants in genet al of this.great
commercial city, iu order that they may unite in harmony and
good-will to effectuate, or at least to consider, this plan prEoposed,
Sir, by yours, faithfully, NMO.
Liverpool, November 16th, 1836.
0

LECTURE 11.
On Saturday evening John Hamming, Esq., delivered
,his
second lecture to an increasing audience, which he illustrated
throughout with a number pleasing experiments.
A number of laws have been laid down, according to which
chemical affinities act, but several of them are either superflu-
ous or absurd. The first law, " that chemical affinity can only
take place between different bodies," is superfluous, as chemi-
cal affinity can only take place between bodies of a different
kind • for if we mix water with water, oil with oil, alcohol with
alcohol, the mixture will be still water, oil, or alcohol, as the
case may be. There will be no change in the properties of the
substances whatever, and, therefore, the mixture is merely me-
chanical. The second law is, that it will take place only be-
tween the Minutest atoms. This must be superfluous, for ultimate
particles can only unite with ultimate particles. The third law
is, that it can take place between two, three, four, or more bo-
dies at the same time We have many cases in chemistry
where it takes place between many substances. Thus term-
Cyanuret of potassium, or prusstate of potash, is composed of
iron cyanogen and potass, which are formed of six different ele-
ments, viz., iron, nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, hydros:eta and
potassium. If we take up the most minute portion of this sub-
stance dissolved in water, each separate portion, however minute,'
will contain the whole of these ingredients in a state of com-
bination. We may take the substance known as alum, or
sulphate of alumina and potash, or sulphate of alumina and
soda. In this we find five elements, viz., sulphur, oxygen, alu-
mina, potassium, hydrogen, in such a perfect state of chemical
combination tialt, when dissolved in water, the smallest globule
will contain each of these elements. The fourth law is, that a
change of temperature accompanies chemical affinity, and al-
wave a change of density. In many cases these changes are
not evident, though there is reason to believe that they always
occur. In every case of real chemical combination we have a
change of temperature, which can only occur in consequence of
'a change of density; for when the mixture is more dense than
before, caloric is evolved, and when less dense, it will be ab-
sorbed. In other words, in some instances extreme heat, and
in others extreme (said is produced by the chemical combination
of different substances. When we mix alcohol with water, or
sulphuric acid with water, a condensation takes place, and great
heat is produced. In each of these cases, however, we have
no change in the properties of the substances; the alcohol and
sulphuric acid merely become diluted with water. The acid
will nevertheless neutralize as great a quantity of alkali as be-
fore, or dissolve as much metal. By applying heat both the
alkali and the acid may be again separated from the water. If
spirit of salt or muriatic acid be mixed with nitrate of ammonia,
excessive cold is produced and an increase in the bulk of the
mixture. The next law is, that the properties which charac-
terize bodies are changed by chemical union. In mane bodies
we have a remarkable change of property ; but this chauee of
property and character is attended with a remarkable change
of colour, or of taste, or of smell, and in many cases with change
of form. Let us take sulphuric acid, which is a powerful poi-
son, a single sooonful taken internally immediately destroying
life, and caustic soda, a poison, if possible, more deadly; now
suppose we mix an ounce of each of these substances together,
or such proportion of the one as will saturate the other: in that
case we foram a neutral compound. of which two or three ounces
may be taken with impunity. The product is nothing more
than sulphate of soda, or Glauber salts—a valuable and useful
medicine. In every case of chemical union the compound pos,
sesses different properties from the elements of which it is com-
posed; if the elements are noxious, the compound is innexious,
and vice versa. Let us take, for example, sulphur and oxygen.
Sulphur is perfectly harmless, and is frequently taken as medi-
cine. Oxygen we cannot do without fora moment: it forms
the vital principle of the atmosphere. But when oxygen and
sulphur are combined together, they form that destructive acid
known by the name oil of vitriol. Mercury is quite innoxions
in its metallic state; but when oxygen is combined with it, it
becomes a powerful poison. Arsenic is not injurious as a metal,
but united with oxygen, it forms the arsenious acid of commerce,
which is well known to be a violent poison. In some cases che-
mical combination converts solids into liquids, in some liquids
into solids, and in others gasses into solids. In one case co-
lourless bodies become deeply coloured, and in another colour-
less bodies become coloured. Indeed the variety of phenomena
attending chemical affinity seems to be almost boundless. First
of all, with respect to the most common attendant of chemical
affinity, change of colour. Let us take two colourless sub-
stances, a weak solution of sulphate of iron, and tincture or
infusion of galls highly diluted. When these are mixed toge-
ther, a strong black colour pervades the compound, and we
obtain common writing ink. The acid of the galls unites with
iron, and forms gallate of iron, which is a black compound.
The writing ink of commerce is complaioed of, and with much
justice. The ,gellate of iron is suspended in the liquid by too
strong a solution of gum. Now we find that after a few years
the writing ink becomes valueless, in many cases of a faint yel-
low 'coleus. and in many cases writing effected with it is almost
effaced. The reason of this may be briefly explained. If a
small quantity of muriatic acid be added to ink, it will restore
the original transparency of the colour. This arises from the
circumstance of the acid dissolving the oxide of iron. In order
to neutralize this effect, a little alkali need only be added to the
mixture, When it will resume its former blackness. Now the
fault is not in the ink, but iu the paper itself. In modern pa-
per making, a large quantity of chlorine is required.'as they
make paper from many-coloured rags, which can only be
bleached by the.agency of that gas. But the paper-manufac-
turer, after bleaching these rags. suffers the pulp to remain
many days without washing it, by which a very corrosive and
injurious acid is formed—inuriatic or hydro-chloric acid. The
oxygen of the water will combine with the chlorine, and Caen
chloric acid; this will combine with the colouring matter of
the ink, and destroy it. The lecturer believed that the bad qua-
lities attributed to the ink were to be ascribed to the agent
employed in the manufacture of the writing paper, which not
only destroyed the ink, but the fibres of the paper itself. He
hail visited a large paper-manufactory, in which time pulp was
allowed to remain unwashed as he had described, and had re-
marked tq the proprietor that his paper would not last twenty
years, and' that the ink would be soon destroyed, because the
pulp
.was not washed. He tasted the pulp, and found the acid
very perceptible. An observation of the proprietor convinced
him of the truth of his conjecture. The lecturer asked him
whether he did not find it very difficult. to discharge the huff
colour of his rags. The proprietor replied that it was never de-
stroyed until the pulp was allowed to remain several days
unwashed. • This buff colour was oxide of irons and_could not be
discharged by chlorine, but muriatic acid will destroy it; there-
fore the paper-manufacturer knew that new agents must have
been employed to destroy the buff colour, and these agents will
destroy the paper and the ink. A striking instance of change
of form
.and colour by chemical combination is afforded by the
union of sulphuric acid and lump sugar. Sulphuric acid has a
strong affinity for water, and accordingly eagerly seizes upon
the water, which is a component of the sugar. The sugar then
assumes a deep black colour, and when well washed with water,
will be found to be pure charcoal. In most instances where a
change in smell is produced by chemical combination, the odour
is disagreeable; in one instance, however, a very much ad-
mired scent is produced by this means by triturating lime with
carbonate of ammonia, or sal ammoniac. The carbonic acid
unites with the lime, and the ammonia is set free. A remark-
able example of the conversion of liquids into solids is afforded
by the mixture of a solution of muriate of lime with sulphuric
acid; the sulphuric acid combines with the lime, and forms an
insoluble compound, sulphate of lime or plaster of Paris. In-
tense heat is produced by this operation. if, on the centrary,
two solid bodies, nitrate of annunuia and sulphate of soda, be
triturated forcibly in a mortar, a liquid will he the product. In
like manner we may convert gaseous bodies into solids; as, for
example, by combining muriatic acid gas with that of ammonia,
when sal ammoniac, or muriate of ammonia, will be the com-
pound. In point of fact there is no end to the changes in ap-
pearance, property, and character produced by chemical union.
of chemical affinity differs in
The sixth law is, that the energy
different substances. 'We needed no ghost to tell us that, as
we could not perforth a single experiment were it nut the case.
We found in the lest lecture that sulphuric acid possessed a
greater affinity for certain bases than muriatic or nitric acids,
and all the acids than carbonic acid.
We must now proceed to consider the very important but ra-
ther more obstruse subject of the atomic theory, and the theory
of nomenclature and notation. Nothing has tended to facilitat.e
the acquirement of chemistry tothe student, or to abridge the
labours of the professor, as the introduction of a-new system of
chemical nomenclature. We are- much indebted to the ingeni-
ous and persevering labours of Dalton, of Manchester, for the
perfection of the atomic theory, A few scattered particulars
were all we knew on the subject prior to his discoveries. It had
been found by Weusall that when twu salts capable of decom-
posing each other are combined, they will produce two neutral
compounds. 'Thus if We take acetate of lead and decompose
carboMite of ammonia, sulphate of soda, or any other Salt-de-
composed by it, we shall find that we have two neutral com-
pounds. In the first instance the acetic acid will combine with
the ammonia, and the carbonic acid with the lead, forming
acetate of ammonia and carbonate of lead; in the second
instance, acetate of soda and sulphate of lead will, in like man-
ner, form the resulting compounds. Its the year 1789 'Higgins
stated that what was then called vitriolic acid was composed of
one particle of sulphur and one of oxygen, but when prepared
with two particles of dephlogisticated air, now called oxygen,
the compound was different. Dalton perceived this, but without
knowing of Higgins' discovery. A few years after this. between
1792 and 1802, Richter, of Geneva, published a remarkable
work, which he called the Geometry of Chemistry. In this be
i
attempted to prove that chemistry followed certain mathematical
laws. This was startling, but, to a certain extent, lie proved la
truth. He stated how much acid would combine with cm tay
portions of alkali, and he found that if a certain number of per•
s
of sulphuric acid, to use round numbers for the sake. ot.sonapll,l,9„“,tv,
say 100, would combine with 100 of potash, 2011 of
"ua'ti
of
of ammonia. He likewise found that, if a certain quantityand
acid neutralized one part of one acid, two parts or another,t
bud
three parts of a third, the same quantity whicl'nesuthrat acid, one
part of the acid will neutralize as much a Ikati d
two parts, twice as much, and so on. Dalton. dtscoya.c that
certain bodies entered into combination in cewitrtain proportions
only,
the
only, and when one bodynaiunlotipel •in
f-dir.
wilt unite t
ferent proportions, it would always ea
smallest quantity of that element. ieediscaovered that ae certain
quantity of one substance is always equivalent__
,to a certain
Suppose
quantity of another. substance. he began by decom-
posing water, for water is very easily decomposed, suit we can
ascertain the quantity of its elements in weight and volume with
great precision. Suppose that 1 grain of hydrogen combines
with 8 of oxygen to form water, this 1 grain of hydrogen would
combine with 6 of carbon, 14 of nitrogen, 16 of sulphur, and 104
of lead, (it does not combine with lead, but, for the sake of sim-
plicity, we will suppose so.) Having found that 1 part ,by weight,
of hydrogen, no matter what that weight be, whether grains or
tons, will combine with so many parts of other substances, we
wish to know bow these substances will combine together. If it
is possible, for instance, for oxygen to combine with carbon, in
what proportions will they do so. In exactly the same propor-
tions in which they will combine with hydrogen; thus i 3 parts
of oxygen and 6 of carbon will combine with 1 of hvdroeen, and
8 parts of oxygen will combine with 6 of catbon' and form a
chemical compound. These are the combining proportions of
these bodies by weight, and you cannot combine them in any
other proportions than these. But it is true that we have che-
mical compounds where one of these " atoms " as Dalton first
unfortunately called them, but as they are snore properly called,
equivalents, combine with double or triple the nutnber of the
combining equivalents of another substance. Thus one equiva-
lent of hydrogen combines with one equivalent of oxygen to
form the well-known compound water • but we have oxveen
combining with hydrogen in two proportions. Oxygen combines
with nitrogen in no less than five nroportions : thus 14 atoms of
nitrogen will combine with 8, or 16, 0r24, or 32, or 40 atoms of
oxygen, but with no intermediate proportions. A number of
sillier similar combinations take place between other substances,
but in every case an equivalent of one combines full equivalents
of other substances, but never with au equivalent and a half of
another. We cannot divide an atom either chemically or me-
chanically. If Bbe the weight of an atom, it cannot combinier2t
a lower rate. But we find 104 atoms of lead
emn.aning tlu.
of oxygen ; in this case the atom of oxygen is n
equivalents, or 208 parts of lead, combine with 3 equivalent" t,_
ot
21 parts of oxygen, and thus forms the sesquioxide ke
must not for a moment suppose that an atom is capable of
coin-
biniug with 11- of anothea This then is the foundation ty
substance is always
atomic theory. A certain prop
equal to a certain proportion of
combine except in atomie quantities. In like meaner the
fwatiii(omthoefr°, one
these proportions

THE PUBLIC HALL.—Subscriptions for this building have
flowed in in the Imost public spirited mar.ner—iu a manner
worthy of the town of Liverpool. We are glad to state that
the sum subscribed now amounts to .£O,OOO, and we trust that
a building will be erected alike a credit to the public spirit of the
inhabitants and an ornament to the town.
We have ranch pleasure in directing the attention of our mu-
dieal friends to a remarkably spirited lithogiaph, by Sharp, of
London, of a group of Portraits, painted The Mrs.
portraits re
vet y
.striking and faithful, and the group forms one of the most
pleoLing. prints we have fur some tnue seen. R. Lindley 's
lii""ssi in particular, is excellent; and that of the late and
lamented leader at the Italian Opera. House (Signor Spam).
letti ) is equallistriking. This beautiful specimen of lithography
does equal credit to the artist and Mr. Sharp, and cannot fail to
sell "tftigively.:—Saleirian J0[1217(11.
Vifd WaYri'the-agrieulturists in this district have determined
td IteThaie the wages of their farm labourers to an extent corn-
tttr#Off4f#to: With the advance which has taken placeiu the price
:04 Herald,