The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-12-17 00:00:00

INTERE

TING OF
SOCIETY

If PPOLYTECkiNft

GRATIFYING CEREMON _
'PION OF THE ERRORS OF
CHURCH. •

PUt LI(
In F,

lOMISH

On Tuesday evepAig, the General Monthly Meeting of this
excellent society was held at the Royal Institution, and was
attended by a very numerous and highly respectable company,
including many of the literary and scientific, and several of
the nautical gentlemen of the town--considerable interest
being excited by subject matter on the occasion having re-
ference to the navigation of the port, and by the announce-
ment that the President, Mr. Grantham, would deliver•his
closing address for the year. The President occupied the
chair, and was supported by Mr. Salt, the Secretary. Several
large and very beautiful models of vessels, regularly built
by Mr. E. Melling, jun., and also an ingenious plan for a
new landing-pier by the same gentleman, were exhibited, and
attracted much attention. Descriptions of these were read
and :some introductory remarks made by J. S. Walker, fol-
lowed by explanations by their author in the course of dis-
cussion; of which the following is an analysis:—

It cannot but be gratifying to the friends of pure and un-
defiled religion, at a time when the Protestant church of
these realms has to contend with the bitter hostility of open
enemies no less than against the tergiversations of false
friends, to observe the increasing affection of the poor for
that ehrirt•h t__ •..

ministrations who, without her watchful care, would be in-
cluded in the ranks of infidelity ; and in the proportion that
her ministers are zealous, laborious, devoted, and affection-
ate, is she gaining converts from those who, whilst professing
to hold the same faith, deteriorate that faith by idolatrous
worship and unscriptural ceremonies.
This latter proposition received a very remarkable exem-
plification on Wednesday, in St. Jude's Church, when five
persons, all of mature years, in the presence of an

PLAN OF A PERMANENT PIER.
Mr. WALKER, in submitting a plan for the purpose of
obviating the present inconvenience in embarking and landing
at the Pier Heads, said, that in the opinion of several nautical
men and others, it promised, though simple in itself, to realize
all the requisite advantages, at a comparatively light cost,
and without the introduction of complicated machinery; which
was often found to be liable to damage or darangement. The
proposition was simply a permanent pier, applicable, more
particularly, in the first instance, to George's Pier. It
consisted of an isolated oblong stone pier—to be. erected
immediately opposite the Public Baths, of the full length of
that building, or about 300 feet, parallel with the sea wall, at
a distance from it of from 60 to 70 feet, and of a breadth
sufficient to secure at its outer side, at low water of spring
tides, a depth of 12 feet or thereabouts. This pier was pro-
posed to be of the same bight, or top level, as the present
pier, and to communicate with it by a swing bridge, similar
to those now used in crossing the guts of the respective docks.
It was to be rounded at both ends, so that vessels accidently
coming against either end might swing with the tide to either
side of it, and get clear. without damage.
Separate sets of step are to be formed for the respec-
tive ferry-boats, and two tunnels, on inclined planes, for
carriages, cattle, &c.

The-pla'n appeared to meet with the general approval of
those present, no objection to it being finally made.
MODELS OF VESSELS.-SUGGESTED VALUABLE IMPROVE-

• MENT IN OUR MERCANTILE MARINE.
Mr. WALKER, after some remarks on the benefits to the
country of navigation and commerce, introduced to the no-
tice of the meeting a series of beautiful models, built by Mr.
Melling. The first was a model of a merchant ship of 400
tons, in the ribbons, the proposed dimensions of which
were—

Length aloft ..
Beam for breadth. 2B feet six inches.
Depth of hold
If with a poop, and top-gallant forecastle, 1 ft. less of depth.
This, said Mr. Walker, is an improvement on the ordinary
construction of merchant vessels, which, with few excep-
tions, it was Mr. Melling's opinion, had the besetting sin of
being too narrow and too deep; causing theM to be crank,
and so impatient of sail as to be liable, under even a mode-
rate pressure of canvas, to lie down on their beam ends. In
some of them it was necessary to put ballast to keep them
on their legs, before they could discharge the whole of their
cargo. There were some cotton ships too of that construe.
tioh, that most constantly carry from 100 to 200 tons of
ballast ; and this ballast—gravel, sand, and mud, which paid
no freight—getting wet, ground away, and tended to rot
the planks arid timbers. These ships had also great lee-
wardness, and it was requisite sometimes to put them before
the wind, ere they could be pumped out—tightness being an
uncommon quality of such laboursome craft.
The William Sharpies, of this port, of about 918 tons bur-
den, built by Mr. Melling, on the construction of the model,
carried a large cargo of pine timber without an ounce of ballast
being required, and she,sailed like a frigate. She made the
run from Quebec to Liyerpool in sixteen days—the quickest
passage on record, the shoriest previously being nineteen
days. She came up with one of the New York dramatic line
ships,—all of which were fast vessels—off Cape Clear, and
after a tassel up the Channel, beat her by a tide. Both ves-
sels started on the same day, the one from New York, and
the other from Quebec. The William Sharples had a full
and dead cargo—consequently deep ; the other a light and
general one, and in fine trim. The William Sharpies, which
was built as a monument to the memory of the deceased gen-
tlemen whose name she bears, had also made astonishingly
quick passages to and from Bombay, where she was hailed as
' The Liverpool frigate." She had been known to go eleven
knots an hour for a fortnight together.
The proportions of merchant vessels of this class, which
Mr. Melling proposed, were :—The length, from stem to
stern-post aloft, of ships of 400 tons and upwards, to be four
times the beam. (In smaller vessels, considerably more
beam is required in proportion.) The depth for a flush-
decked vessel not to exceed two-thirds of the beam. if the
vessel have a quarter-deck and top-gallant forecastle,—one
foot shallower.
The next model exhibited was that of a piratical or fast-
sailing schooner, also scientifically built, and in a more
finished state than the former. In the parlance of brother
Jonathan, " She looked so slipperish and so clipperish that
sho would outsold, outwalk, outrun, or outily any of the sail-
ing, walking, running, or flying tribe." It was remarkable
that there was a similarity in the shape of every one of her tim-
bers, which had been observed as far as possible throughout,
forming, nevertheless, a whole combining admirable propor-
tion for a veritable " clipper." The model, which is of
polished mahogany, was much admired.
Next was shewn a model of a corvette, of 700 tons bur-
then, and calculated to carry 20 long-eighteen pounders, and
2 long twenty-four pounders, as stern-chasers. She is built,
framed, and timbered from the keel upwards precisely and
scientifically as the others, and planked and masted ready for
rigging. The dead-eyes are all welded on links, and she is
in every respect superbly finished as a real ship, with masts
and yards correct iu proportion. There is no paint on this
or the other models, the whole of which are of fine wood,
varnished to show the workmanship.
A model of sp.' New York pleasure-boat, " Miss Nancy,"
of peculiar construction, was then exhibited, similar to
one which he saw in America, and which sailed with astonish-
ing quickness. She is of great breadth for her length, and
calculated for smoothish water. A keel of iron lowers in the
middle, to give her a good hold of the water; it works in a
water-tight well or case, rising a little above water mark, and
may he easily taken in, in shallow water. If she touches the
ground it goes up of itself without damage. The general
length is 24 feet of keel, the breadth about 12 feet, and the
height of the mast is very great, being 4/ times the beam.
These boats have but two sails,—and the bottom of the
mainsail is lashed to the main boom, so that it will sit very
close to the wind. They draw 2i.feet aft, and about 2 feet
forward.
The last model was that of a Bombay droger, a vessel of
antique and curious construction, the long projecting bow of
which forms her landing stage. This kind of vessel has been
in use for some thousands of years amongst the easterns, and
excited much curiosity.
A discussion then took place, in which several gentlemen
took part, on the proposed improvement of merchant ves-
sels, shown by the first model, and also, in practice, by the
success of the William Sharples. The question of the com-
parative cost (ships being generally built at so much per ton
old measurement), and the apparent diminution of profit by
the plan under review, being mooted,
Mr. MELLING explained, that according to the present
mode of contracts for building, the merchant endeavoured to
get a ship of large stowage for her tonnage; and sacrificed
all her good sailing qualities to the solitary one of carrying,
which he considered injudicious and unprofitable in the
end. The length and breadth only were taken into account
by the old measurement, and a ship measured by it no
more with ten feet of hold than if she had twenty. The
measurement could, certainly, be nearly ascertained by it,
while the ship was laid down, or on the stocks, which could
not be done till the hull was finished by the new mode of
measurement, which required the breadth and depth to be
taken into account in several divisions and subdivisions
pointed out by law. Coasting vessels only were benefitted by
it, owing to their comparative shallowness, and were as a class
superior to our sea-going ships, for which the new measure-
ment, though it permitted some improvement, did not supply
an altogether adequate remedy. Until the law was altered
the only way to obviate this disadvantage, without injury to
the builder, and with advantage to the ship as regards her
sea-worthiness, was, for the merchant, before he entered
into a contract for building, to ascertain the dimensions he
wanted, as dictated by experience of good ships, and con-
tract for the work not by the ton, but for a lump sum. By
this means both parties would be satisfied, and we should
have a generally finer class of vessels. From the peculiar
construction of the William Sharpies, she registered 918 tons
old measurement, and (contrary to the general run of vessels)
only 760 by the new. At the former she was not so very
profitable as ships on the old plan, but by the new she
carried as much as most ships of equal tonnage, and was
navigated as cheaply and much more safely. The cost, he
said, would be but triflingly increased by giving ships a little
more beam, deducting it in tonnage from the depth. The
builder would only have to lengthen the floorings and beam
a little, and add a few more deck planks, which was but a
small consideration in building a large ship, and would cost
very little more in labour.
The PRESIDENT corroborated Mr. Melling's opinion, tha
the present tonnage laws required amendment, as thel
operated detrimentally on the naval architecture of thi
country.

A GENTLEMAN remarked that ships of the present con-
struction carried more than those.built on that proposed, and
he should like to know how the ledger would stand with
regard to the latter at the end of the year?
Mr. WALKER remarked, that as it had been shown beyond
dispute that the present deep wall-sided cotton ships and others
had to take a large quantity of ballast, he could not see what
credits could be placed in the ledger, for the carriage of a
quantity of gravel and mud, which cost a considerable sum
to load and discharge, and paid no freight. (A laugh.)
Finally a general impression appeared to pervade the
room, that Mr. Melling's model fur a merchantman was ex-
ceedingly judicious and desirable.

PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT OP SHIPS' RUDDERS.
Mr. J. S. WALKER submitted a small model showing a
proposed improvement in rudders. It consisted simply of a
long plate of spring metal, six to ten feet in length, according
to the size of the vessel, attached to the keel, countersunk into
it, and secured forward only by bolts. These plates are to
extend a little beyond the usual rudder at its bottom.
When the helm is amidships both lie flat against it, and have
then, of course, no effect on the steerage. When the helm,
which need not be so broad as usual, is put to port or star-
board, the plate on that side is raised, and forms a curve
like a fish's tail when turning, the other remaining flat with
the keel; and this, it is supposed, will greatly facilitate the
steerage, without forming so strong a stopwater as the pre-
sent rudder. The plates arc fixed higher than the keel, so
that they would not be carried away, even if the vessel's heel
took the ground.

A model of a windlass, by Mr. G. P. Payne, was also ex
hibited.

The PRESIDENT then rose, and delivered an eloqueu
address, which was listened to with marked attentio;
throughout.

Mr. ROSSON passed an animated and eloquent encomium
on the ability and zeal of the retiring president ; he also
pourtrayed in lively colours the rapid progress and utility of
this society, and concluded by moving—" That the thanks
of this meeting be given to our worthy president, for his able
conduct in the chair, and his zeal in promoting the welfare
of this society ; and also for the admirable address which he
has just delivered, and that he be requested to allow the
same to be published with the Annual Transactions of this
society."

The motion was seconded by Mr. C. F. SALT, and carried
with acclamations.

Of the thirty-four Irish local crown solicitors appointed
by the late Government only two were Protestant.
PATENT HATGUARD.—Professor Espy, in his theory of
storms, shows that the tendency of the currents of air is ge-
nerally upwards; this is the reason, we presume, why the
hats and caps worn by mortal man have a tendency to quit
the head, and, after traversing the regions of air, to perform
certain ungraceful evolutions against the mud. Most per-
sons must have experienced the inconvenience of walking in
exposed situations in stormy weather. Either one hand must
be occupied in holding on the hat, or away it will assuredly
go, and he must be a clever mathematician who can calculate
where it is likely to stop. As we are now in the midst of the
season of stories, our readers will probably be obliged to us
if we not only name the inconvenience, but point out a re-
medy. Thisis well provided in an ingenious contrivance
which has been recently presented under the denomination
of Biggs' Patent Elastic Hatguard, This band may be
worn with the greatest ease and comfort, and while it holds
the hat moderately tight to the bead, all inconvenient pressure
is avoided. We recommend a trial of this useful invention.

, .
in their hands, they' *ill find the true Catholic faith. 1 ATl,O'
: I
have professed their faith before you all in the Apostle's creed.
They will find also the Nicene creed, and indeed all that
•

the church ruled as her faith for fifteen hundred year..
They will not find the creed of Pope Pius IV. there : they
will not find that. What is it, then, that they are leaving be-
hind them ? They are leaving behind them the novelties of
the sixteenth century, and they are cleaving afresh to the
antiquities of apostolic truth. lam persuaded that this will
be a satisfaction to thei' her throw

and I hope it wa.
upon the subject, in this general view of it, to all your
minds. With regard to this view I must say m
them in the.
language of Jeremiah of old—" Stand ye in the ways 89_11
see, and ask for the old paths where is the good way and wag
therein, and ye shall find rest` for your souls.
The rev. gentleman having addressed some appropriate ex-
hortations to the converts, in most affectionate langoag!',
then entered upon the consideration of the history o(.lni-
vidual teaching in had before mne-

rug congregation, publicly recanted and abjured the errors of
the Church of. Rome, in which they had been nurtured. In
the first instance, three other Roman Catholics [making
eight in the whole] intended thus openly to enter into the
communion of the Church of England, but between the pe-
riod when they intimated their desire and the celebration of
the service, some concealed influence so worked upon their
fears that they did not make their appearance at the appoint-
ed time. "We have great pleasure, however, in saying that
conversions from , Popery are rapidly increasing, and that
the service which we are about to describe, is likely to be
repeated in other churches besides St. Jude's.
The Church of England has no prescribed form of recanta-
tion of error; and, therefore, the Rev. Hugh M'Neile, the
incumbent of the church, prepared one from Arelibis'hops
Tennison and Magee. which he has printed for circulation.
The preface to this tract is somewhat curious, and we insert
it as diving a clear exposition of the mind of the reverend
compiler when he undertook the office :
" In the early part of the last century, considerable exer-
tions were made for the bringing over from the Church of
Rome to our communion such persons as were found dis-
satisfied with the tenets of that faith. From the 35th of
Elizabeth down to that period, very little appears to have
been done in the way of directing the clergy of the Church
of England by what ceremony they should proceed iu such
cases, it being left to the discretion of the diocesan and his
ordinaries within their several jurisdictions; for the statutelaw,
although it provided a public and open form of submisson
and declaration to be made in church, of conformity TO THE
QUEEN'S LAWS AND STATUTES,' as a security to the civil go-
vernment, had yet failed to prescribe a form of recantation of
error. Numerous formularies were to be met with; Bishop
Kennettsaysthathe had seen more than a hundred, and several
of them were printed ; an inconvenience which at length be-
came so great, as a part of the public discipline of the church,
that Queen Anne, in a letter a instruction to the House of
Convocation in 1710, as to the business whereon they were
to proceed, enjoins them, among other offices, to draw up a
" form for receiving converts from the Church of Rome ;"
and, in a similar letter of instruction, in March, 1714, her
Majesty was pleased to repeat this injunction.—Stonestreet.
" A form was accordingly prepared by Archbishop Tenison,
but, owing probably to the death of the Queen the same
year, it was never ratified by royal authority.
" In 1827, the Rev. G. S. G. Stonestreet, chaplain to his
Royal Highness the Duke of York, published a reprint of
this form. In an introduction to it he says But although
the form is thus deficient, as a positive part of the Liturgy ;
vet, whether from the great authority of the prelate who
composed it, or from the attention paid to it in convocation,
it has continued in use to this day. There is a manuscript
copy of it among the papers of Dr. Chandler, Bishop of
Durham, (additional MSS. British Museum. No. 6484, vol.
XXV. 3.,) with several erasures and slight alterations in the
bishop's handwriting. It is stated, upon the best authority,
that Bishop Porteus always read this form in the diocese of
Chester, and after his translation ; and it is the only one now
known in the diocese of London.'
" The form here printed differs from that of Archbishop
Tenison only by the introduction of a few questions, used
and recommended by his grace the late Archbishop of
Dublin."
" The editor can adopt the language of Mr. Stonestreet
He has felt the want of such a form, and thought that a
republication at such a moment might be found of peculiar
use, and save the trouble of privale persons composing new
and arbitrary forms, and prevent dancer of running into too
great a variety of them.' It would ill become him to dwell
upon the caution with which such a form should be used,
although he believes the advice given by several of the pre-
lates to the parochial clergy, about the time it was composed,
to be as much as ever necessary, namely, to be well satisfied
of the willingness and sincerity of a convert, especially when
a stranger, before receiving him, and to give the ceremony
all the solemnity belooging to it, without unnecessary osten-
tation, or too great notoriety.
The service commenced at two o'clock in the afternoon.
The Rev. Hugh M'Neile, the officiating minister, took his
place at the communion table, and the five persons to be re-
conciled stood without the rails. The various exhortations,
collects and psalms being read,and the several converts having
each separately for himself renounced all the errors and su-
perstitions of the Romish Church, the officiating minister
standing up, said
" Almighty God, who bath given you a sense of your
errors, and a will to do all these things, grant you also
strength and power to perform the same, that he may ac-
complish his work which he hath begun in you, through
Jesus Christ our Lord.—Algesr."
Then the minister took each convert by the right hand,
and said to him,
" I, Hugh M'Neile, minister of this church, do, upon this
thy solemn profession and earnest request, receive thee into
the holy communion of the Church of England, in the name
of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost."
To this all the people responded Amen.
After this followed a prayer of thanksgiving to the Al-
mighty for his great mercy and goodness iu bringing these
people into the communion of the church, and beseeching
him to give them stability and perseverance in the faith ; and
the service terminated by the rev. gentleman pronouncing he Once°
- And what are these ?—the reader will exclaim," tto
the customary benediction.
ab.o,:the
A hymn was then sung, and Mr. M'Neile ascended the at the heading of the few remarks which we are now
pulpit for the purpose of addressing the congregation.
The text selected by the rev. gentleman was the 16th verse place before him. Has the cauftihoiuss
pbuarrponoesetddrpaowinicyasr.
veil which hides the features o
of the 6th chapter of the Prophecies of Jeremiah—" Thus
prying from
saith the Lord, stand ye in the ways and see, and ask for the he allowed any eaves-dropper—any peeping,
eh from old paths, where is the good way, and walk therein, and ye to hang about the closed doors of his cabinet, and 61
deOu
shall find rest for your souls."
keyhole or from chink the substance of his anxics"
My brethren, proceeded the preacher, I need not offer any are
preliminary observations for the purpose of winning your tions with his faithful colleagues ? Not at all. .0
,g. gossir
attention, and exciting your interest, to the circumstances in common with the world at large—the news-I.o"u' focus
under which we are now assembled. The controversy which loving world-e-completely at fault with resect to the au
we have been carrying on so long in words has come upon and the matter of Sir Robert's measures Pend yet, for
on-
us in facts. It has come upon our country in facts upon
both sides. Members of our church have joined the church this, we ear, discern sufficient to afford foundation
re-
m
of Rome, and members of the church of Rome have joined gratulation upon the prospects and hope for the cowl gisw
us. The controversy is becoming practical, and more and storation to contentment and solid prosperity of this
ore so daily. I feel it a duty which I owe to myself, to the
members of my, own congregation here present, to the abused and distracted country. We can see sufficien.tatr7se;
strangers who may be here assembled upon this occasion, sure us that the troubled sky is clearing, and that " ,
f day,
and to those who have now confessed their earnest desire to length about beginning, beneath the steady
ea
be enrolled in the communion of our church, and solemnly
wisdom, to r'r
abjured the fearful enormities of the papal system, both in by the aid of practical
and experience and giddy
its political usurpations and in its false theology. An histo- the dilapidations which, during the last ten years "''-'
Heal statement will be upon the whole the most explanatory and unsettled principles in legislation, have been Permittedsee
st of I"
and the most satisfactory. In offering an historical state- to spread themselves through every existing. interest
the
went, a distinction must be borne in mind from the very
which choke
outset, to the want of which, as appears to me, much con- country, and to root up the rank errors w fusion hangs upon the supposed history of this great ques- growth of its greatness and its happiness. light of
lion. The distinction I refer to is between the history of The details of the measures which Sir Robert Peel Will
the public authoritative documents of the church, and the
Propound to parliament, during the approac
history of individuals teaching in the church. I invite your
character
attention first to a very brief sketch of the history of the not known; bqt it is sheer folly to declare that the c
to
chooses
public authoritative documents of the church. This will of those measures is hidden from any man who a
throw light upon the question of antiquity which is so much
• It is clear, I make use of his eyes and his understanding.
hing
discussed. The basis of all Christian faith we believe to be
templates
the holy scriptures; but I must advance, from that at once in the first instance, that the right hon. baronet con
of e
the present instance, to consider the authorised documents no speculative legislation—no measures subversive t"
or
of the primitive church. These are in number, three; they existing session, are
balance of the constitution—nothing to impede
are brief, they are explicit—the Apostle's creed, the Nicene
creed, and the Athanasian creed. The date of the apostle's materially to alter its present working. We shall have no
creed is not known; ieis found to have existed from a very abstract principles to discuss; no all-important theonee to
early period. The date of the Nicene creed is from the weigh and decide upon. On the contrail', indication
every
council of Nice, in the year 321 ; and until then there does
not appear to have been any public authoritative Catholic
around us proves that the attention of parliament will at
document except the apostle's creed. The date of the length be called to practical and remedial measures in every
in our
Athanasian - creed is nearly the same as that of the Ni- department of our commerce and finance, as well as s
faith, of the Christian church ; they contain the " tri-
nity cene creed. These three compose the faith, the saving
social system ; and we have also a confidentassouie ministryranc e lia
in unity, the unity in trinity, neither confounding those measures will not be entered upon without
the person nor dividing the substance ; " they contain being in possession of full information to enable it to legislatet the incarnation, the life, death, resurrection, ascension,
and second coming of our Lord Jesus Christ ; the person and
those
upon them with advantage to the interests of the conarount
The most important measures of this character are
agency in the prophets, as well as in the Christian church, of
the Holy Ghost ; the existence of a body distinguishable from which affect the productiveness of the revenue, and the
all bodies, and called by the name of the church ; the com-
munion existing among the members of that church; the fact
of forgiveness of sins in that church ; the belief of the resur-
rection of the flesh ; and the anticipation of eternal life after
death. This was the Catholic faith. Observe, lam not now
speaking of the opinion that individuals held. The distinc-
tion I made at the outset keeps, or is intended to keep, that
out of sight for the present. I speak of the public authori-
tative Catholic documents of the church—they were these
three, and none other. These three were received by public
assemblies of the church as containing the faith. The second
general council was held at Constantinople in the year 381 ;
and these three creeds, or ratheir the Nicene creed, as it is
comprehensive and sufficient, were received by that council
as the faith of the church. The third general council was
held at Ephesus in the year 431. In this council the deci-
sion of the church as an aggregate body went still further.
It not only recommended the Nicene creed as the faith of
the Christian church, but it rejected all attempts at substi-
tuting anything else, or adding anything to it. The decree
of the council of Nice concerning the faith of the church at
that time is most important. It is transcribed in this, and I
will read it. Having read it, he continued—Mark the deter-
mination of this holy synod, that if any person should pro-
pose, should offer, should compose or propose any other form
of creed than that which was agreed upon by the council of
Nice, the persons so doing, if they were clergy, should be
degraded, and if they were laymen, should be anathematised.
So stood the faith of the Christian church to the year 431 ;
the Nicene creed, and the Nicene creed alone, was the re-
cognised symbol of the Catholic faith. A decree of this coun-
cil seemed to set the matter at rest for many centuries. No
attempt was made for centuries to interfere with, to add to,
or diminish from, the Nicene creed. When the council of
Trent met in the 16th century, they, too, recognised the
Nicene creed as the faith of the church. During all their
sittings, whatever matters they may have discussed, they
recognised the Nicene creed as the Catholic faith. It was
not till the conclusion of the sittings of that council that any
other form of faith was proposed ; no one had dared to do it ;
the decree of the council of Ephesus was against it ; and until
the close of the sittings of the council of Trent, no one presu.
med to do it. Who, then, was it that had first presumed to do
it ? Who was it that first propounded another form of faith, to
be received as Catholic faith without which no one should be
saved ? It was not a layman, it was not a common clergyman,
it was not merely a bishop, nor even a cardinal only—it was
a Pope himself ! Pope Pius IV., who was the reigning pontiff
at the time the Council of Trent closed their sittings, com-
manded, and they yielded, to add, as the Catholic faith, a
new, a totally new, creed, consisting of twelve articles which,
whatever individuals may have said about them, had never
till that hour been propounded as the Catholic faith. Till
that time the Nicene creed, with its companions the Apotles'
creed and the Athanasian creed, were the only authenticated
Catholic documents of the church. Now my brethren, with
this brief sketch of history as regards the public documents
of the church, look at our present position. For the last
300 years there hes been the old creed and the new creed.
The old one originating with the Apostles, confirmed at Nice,
guarded at Ephesus, continued for centuries till Trent—and
continued till now. We hold the old creed still—open your
prayer-bookstand there you have it—the Apostles' creed, the
Nicene creed, the Athanasian creed—and we utterly reject,
in compliance with the decree of the Council of Ephesus, any
attempt to propound a new creed different from that which
was approved by the Council of Nice. Along with this for
the last 300 years, there is a new creed, the creed of Pop
Pius IV. Our creed was 1500 years old before his creed
wase
propounded. The members of the Romish church adhere to
his creed, and they are contending for a creed which is but
300 years old as a public document, We protested against
it as an innovation upon the ancient apostolical creed, and
we have stood in an attitude of protesting for the last 300
years—protesting against novelties, protesting against innova-
tions that never had been heard of until the r reign of Pope
Pius IV. Now as regards the public documents oefit e church,
the authorized, the authoritative, Catholic' documents, this
sketch of history is undeniable •and see where it places us resultedT hepirnestehnet
olvoenrgiocwoinntginoufetdherapirnisncihpaavler,ivelresryof nEantiuira.allndy:
now ; see where it places our friends who have just renounced and
it. It will be a consolation to them if they has been the consequence. The Thames, the Trent,
ahv_
considerable inconvenience, with no little destructrtone,
that
understand it ; it
will be a consolation to them to knowtht at they are not for-
saking Catholic antiquity, to know at they are not giving
up the old faith, that they are in no wise giving up the old severally yp
et
rhviieesni rceededd aey
inhabitaTame,nts
0 f the
the A
variousvoir, &c., honao4
the
years.
creeds. When they take the Church of England prayer-book hoods with an overflow, in some instances such as has I
been ex

cnurch, from which he ii.-
;uislied the history of its public authoritative Catholic oc.
ments. Of this part of his discourse a short summary will e
best suit the state of our columns. The first teachers of the
i Christian church had themselves been either Jews or pupils
I in some school of heathen philosophy : they had been eithere
Jews or Platonists or Pythagoreans. When these men were
converted, they were not inspired as the apostles were, and_.
therefore it was but fair to look upon and judge them accord'
ing to the common princiles of human nature. The prejuourit
of education are strong ;p they cleave to men's minds ; 5'7
was difficult for even a converted man, honestly so, to
off the early prejudices of his education. We could under-
stand very well how these early teachers in the Christian
church might be orthodox in sentiment, and that wheshn
ou co
ldol
and calm they sat down to construct a creed, they
could
construct an orthodox creed—as that of Nice ; but we
also understand very well that the same men, when warm et'
in their subject in teaching, and excited in their studies With
the pen in their hand, and writing at large, or still more e g
cited in their pulpits when speaking to the people, not
duraidwhninowt
upon the stores of their early education : nay,
understand how they could avoid it. It was miraculous how
the apostles themselves avoided Judaising; indeed, it
proof of their inspiration ; for they were educated se
yet, from the moment the Holy Ghost descended upon theuli
there was no Judaising in their teachings. Not so ILI,
with the men who were uninspired ; the effects of early
cation broke out in them ; and they engrafted the remnants'.
Platonism and Pythagorism and Judaism upon the doctrioci:
of the gospel of Christ. Hence, the worshipping °f angneds
—which Paul cautioned the Colossians against, or demi-lire,
—which made part of the Platonic philosophy. So wipth tura
gard to the Phythagorean philosophy. An important teefront
in Pythagorism was celibacy, another was abstinence, Lien
certain meats, another keeping the secrets of their prow:n"o6%
—the arcane—from the public, and practising reseclA";;lo.
communication of their sacred knowledge. We sswirre less
clients of Popery in the Pythagorean philosophy. "e';„ the
the commencement of the individual false teaching 1-4 t
church : but for 1500 years they did not go so far as terteche
the public authoritative documents which were to bin
iO,
church catholic. These errors were found among Owe n.
dividuals : other individuals opposed them : there we bled
troversies going on. Many of these errors were ern-- (s-
-and preached by the celebrated men whom we called the lie
thers of the church, to whom we were now referred fortil'ey
true view of Christianity, and invited to receive au tkl3ll „
o r
they
said. Now how should we distinguish between vlua;
said after Christ, and what they said after PYtber„ rr
tth
Plato ? How should we determine but by comPanne
Christ and the apostles ? But it was said though 0° I" nt
dual father claimed our deference, yet their universal cense__,
did. Their consent was pleaded as a ground of deference'
why it was our duty to receive what they wrote. Wen' "(rid
the only points wherein they did universally consent, weici.
receive them : they had an universal consent upon tbeether
cene creed, and we received the Nicene creed. TJP°a mere
wpoalsnntsotuhneyivedriffsaelrecdonwseitnht oenteelaln. another and, and,
sent of individuals was given to the authoritative document`'
creed for
of the church—and that was given
to the Nicene
uld
1500 years. There was no other document, and there co r
be no other universal consent. There were many eriT -5:
many individuals went astray, and there was much con ro
therefore,o
then, the universal cr
versy ; but no universal consent—no catholic document,
Now, when that new creed of Pope Pius IV. was put .1 !I
it was so constructed that the teachers of these philosoph
falsehoods could adhere to it. It was natural to the corrilP.!
heart of man in many of its parts, and the old creed
simplicity was not natural, and, therefore, it was respon.act'
to by hundreds—it was the thing that the false teaCbell ti,tl
pl.
long looked forward to, and now they had got
_,.d not
God did not leave himself without a witness : he "lin
leave himself without hearts that slave to the primitive "7-0;
client, hearts that slave to the original creeds, and„,_ tongues
that protested against the innovating falsehood. 'lLue --h,
ehurc._
rite that took to the falsehood formed the Realist'
and the minority that slave to the primitive documents
formedln conclusion, the rev. gentleman adverted to the
Q. the
tance of circulating sound scriptural instruction steell'isro.
working classes, eulogised, as a means of so doing, the __id
testant Associations, and prop "
osed that a collection tittle
be made at the doors in aid of the funds of the Prate'
Operative Association.
We understand that the collection amounted to 1.22. arts
1. We strongly eecommend the form for receiving coev'L.,
from the Church' of Rome into the communion of the CITIPZ
of England, compiled and published by the Rev- 111!:e
M`Neile, to the attentive perusal both of sound and waver'
Protestants. It is a most instructive and improving crny..
lation, full of the fervour and simplicity which are the ee_.7„,
racteristics of our noble liturgy. We believe that tbe cg_l9
pilation has the sanction of several venerable prelates. .11
we
published in a form adapted for general circulation, end
trust it will have an extensive sale.]

FORTHCOMING MEASURES OF SIR R. PEEL'S

GOVERNMENT.

pressure of taxation upon the various interests of the country;
and to these questions it is obviously the intention of Sir
Robert Peel to devote himself. The inquiries which are at
the present moment going on in our own port, are sufficieng
proof, if even we had none else, of the intention to legislate
in this direction. From other manifestations, however, de-
rived from information upon which we can confidently rely.
we are satisfied that not any mere alteration of the mode of
collecting the revenue of the country is in the contemplation
of the government, but that an entire re-modification qf our
import duties themselves—not founded upon the one-sided
report of the late Whig committee, but upon unbiassed evi-
dence, collected by personal investigation, and based upon
the opinions and experience of unimpeachable witnesses—
will form a leading measure for discussion at an early period
of the session.

We have direct assurance, too, of the introduction of other

practical measures, of vast importance to our manufacturing
and commercial interests. There can be no question, for
instance, with respect to the adoption of a measure to afford
greater encouragement to the improvement of the higher
branches of our manufactures, and to arrest our downward
-progress in the scale of excellence and taste, as compared
with the manufacturers of other countries, by the extension
of the period of copyright of designs in calico printing, weav-
ing, &c. We have little doubt either of the introductign of
a bill for the regulation of factories. We look also to con
siderable benefits to be derived from a well devised measure
for the regulation of emigration to our colonies; not as our
whig contemporaries are anxious to represent it, a measure
to enable the government to draw off our industrial population
to those colonies—not to stimulate emigration, but to direct
it, and to protect those whom circumstances induce to quit
our shores from the 6uds to which they are exposed previous
to their departure, as well as to aid them in the deportation
of their industry to those new countries where it may be most
profitably employed. We anticipate besides manyimportant
legal reforms ; vast practical improvements of the machinery
of measures which whig legislation has left imperfect; and
the permanent and satisfactory settlement of many questions
which have been purposely left open for agitation to catch at
and whig charl:ttanrie to hang professions upon.
But the question of all questions—the corn law—what of
that ? Why, reader, simply this much we know of it :—that
it will be taken up by Sir Robert Peel with the unanimous
support of his cabinet, and that it will be settled, without
stooping to the demands of agitation on the one hand, or, on
the other, disregarding the just demands of the industry of the
nation. We have no fears with regard to the settlement of
this much mooted question. We rely with confidence upon
the integrity of intention, united with the experience and
sound views of the majority of the cabinet ; and we do this
the more readily because we are assured that they will ap-
proach its consideration in a practical spirit and with a firm
determination to legistate, apart from faction, for the welfare
of the ageregate people.
There is no real difficulty about the
n
question except that with which faction and misrepresentation
have surrounded it; and we venture to predict that the measurt,
which, we expect, Sir Robert peel will bring forward will bt
.
received with gratitude and satisfaction 11 nine-tenths of tht,
community.