The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-02-06 00:00:00

THE uvEßpooL STANDARD

MR. POINSETT TO GOVERNOR MARCY

Department of War, Jan. 5, 183;3.
Sir,—The territory of the United States having been violated
by a party of armed men from the Canada shore, and appre-
hensions being entertained, from the highly excited feelings of
m
both parties, that similar outrages ay 'lead to an•invasion of
our soil, the President has thought proper to exercise the autho-
rity vested in him by law, and call out such a militia force as
may be deemed necessary to protect the frontiers of the United
States.

I am, in consequ.nee, instructed by the President to request
you will call into the service of the United States, and place

under the command of Brevet Major General Scott, such mili-
tia force as he may require to be emplo3ed on the Canada fron-
tier, for the purpose herein set forth.
Very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
J. H. POINSETT.

Isis
Excellency W. L. Marcy,
Governor of New York, Albany, N. Y.
(Satne to his Excellency Silas It Jennison, Governor of
Vermont, Mont pelier, Vermont.)

Another message was also received from the President of the
United States, transmitting the following.—
_ ___

To THE PRESIDENT OP. THE: UNITED STATES.
Department of State, Washington, Jan, 8, 1838.
The Secretary of State, to whom have been referred certain
resolutions of the House of Representatives, dated the sth in-
stant, the second of which requests the President of the United
States to communicate to that body copies of all instructions to
the officers of the government of the United States, and all cor-
respondence with them, with the governors of any of the states,
and with the government and officers of Mexico and of Great
Britain, concerning the preservation of the neutrality of the
United States in the civil wars and insurrections in Mexico,
and in any of the British provinces north of the United States
since the year 1829 ; and particularly of a letter from the late
Presidentof the United States to the Secretary of the territory
of Arkansas, dated on or about the 10th of December, 1830, has
the honour to report to the President the accompanying papers,
embracing all the instructions and correspondence requested
by the resolution above cited, not already published, with the
exception of the letter from the late President of the United
States to the Secretary of the Territory of Arkansas, said to be
dated abut the 10th of December, 1830. The files of this de-
partment have been carefully examined, but no letter has been
found from the late President to the Secretary of Arkansas.
Respectfully submitted,

JOEN FORSYTH.

(From Ilse Albany Argus-)
Montreal papers to the Ist inst. state, that Messrs. Girouard
and A. B. Papineau, members of the Assembly, implicated in
the proceedings of the county of the Two Mountains, have
given themselves up—the former to Mr. Simpson, of Coteau de
Lac, and the latter to Mr. Belanger, of St. Martin, both magis-
trates. The Montreal Gazette labours through a column of
strictures to show that Governor Marcy's decision in the case
of M'Kenzie was not well taken, and that ha ought to have com-
plied with Governor Head's requisition.

(From the New York American, Jan. 9.)
More excitement is visible here to-day than at any former
period; but the opinion prevails that no interruption will take
place in the amicable relations between the United States and
Great Britain. It is said that the British Minister has ex-
pressed his entire satisfaction at the course so far taken by our
government.

(From the New Fork Journal of Commerce, Jan. 10. j
By intelligence received, up to January 4, from Buffalo, we
learn that three steam-boats had been cut out of the ice at Buf-
falo to convey Gen. Van Renesselaer's force at Navy Island up
Lake Erie, to join Dr. Duncoralie at Fort Malden, 12 miles
below Detroit.

A gentleman direct from Detroit, according to the Rochester
Democrat of Wednesday, confirms the report that Dr. Duncuinbe
is at Fort Malden with a large patriot furce.

(From the Evening Edition of the
_New York Morning Herald,

January 10.)

Two mails are now due from Buffalo and Rochester; and, as
the river is most probably now open as far as Albany, we have
every reason to anticipate the arrival of a boat this evening,
with the news ofsomething decisive at Navy Island.
In the interim we give such rumours as are afloat on the sub-
ject, which our readers must take for what they are wurth.
Private letters state that the Canadian militia so long as-
sembled at Chippewa, have become discontented and ',returned
to their homes. And further, that two steam-boats are pre-
paring to take the Patriots from the islands and convey them
to some point up the lake.
It is an ascertained fact, that no one has yet been killed on
Navy Island, or at the British encampment at Chippewa. The
only loss of life positively known is that of Mr. Durfee, at
Schlosser.

We receive the Lower Canada papers, but they contain
nothing, of interest. The only item worthy of notice is the fol-
lowing :

"The question as to whether Lord GosfolTl's declaration of
martial law be legal or illegal was argued before a full court at
chambers on the 28th of December. The Hon. James Stuart,
late Attorney General, and that eminent barrister, Mr. William
Walker, contended for its illegality."
The judges had not pronounced on the validity of the pro-
clamation at the last dates. On their decision depends the right
of the state prisoners to demand the writ of habeas corpus.

(Front the Montreal Gazette.)

MONTREAL, DEC. 30.—We learn from the Halifax papers
that his Excellency the Lieutenant Governor had recently re-
ceived despatches from the Colonial-office, authorising his Ex-
cellency to dissolve the present Executive and Legislative
Councils of Nova Scotia, in consequence of the intention of the
imperial government to separate these bodies in future, and to
keep them independent and distinct, by a new organisation of
the provincial constitution. His Excellency had communicated
the despatch to the members of the old Council. Ile then called
them together, and having expressed his grateful acknowledg-
ments to them for the able and impartial assistance which he
had at all times received from them, he declared the board
dissolved in the Queen's name. It is said that a new Legisla-
tive Council is to be provisionally appointed; but we have not
vet learned in what manner or by what authority that body is
to be finally constituted; though we should imagine that an act
of the Imperial Parliament would be the best and soundest
principle upon which they could be organised.

(From the New York Morning Herald, Jan. 9,)
(From a Correspondent Moreau, No. V.)
At.BANY, JAN. 6.—1 have had a long conversation with a
gentleman of ills city just from Buffalo. He left on Wednesday
evening. On Tuesday he was at Navy Island. They have
felled the trees so that the tops are riverwards, rendering a
landing almost impossible. A deep ditch has been (lug a short
distance from the hank. About the centre of the island is the
encampment regularly laid out. They have a large number of
tents made of hoards and linen. There are full 1400 men
regularly enrolled. Major Graham, a Canadian, is a very
efficient officer, and great confidence is placed in him. They
have 31 pieces of cannon, and are well supplied with ammunition..
The men are in the highest spirits. A great number of Ameri-
cans sent down from Buffalo to protect our frontier, made a
mistake and went over to the island. Pork, beef, flour, &c.,
are sent down every day to Schlosser from Buffalo, and landed
on the beach. The Navy Island boat, a large scow, manned
by armed patriots, comes over and takes it quietly away,
For the past week my informant tells me the weather has
been quite warm—there-is no ice in the canal, or in the harbour
of Buffalo. The young men of the city are organized into a
city guard. They patrol the streets nightly and daily. The
excitement is subsiding rapidly. Five Mohawk Indians were
captured and brought to town on Tuesday for trying to excite
the Seneccas to rebellion. On Grand Island there are 500
men stationed to prevent any landing of the royalists on our
territory.
Dr. Duncombe, it is well ascertained, is at Detroit, Waiting
the movement of M'Kenzie. If the royalists did not attack the
patriots before Saturday, Van Renessalaer had now avowed
.his
intention of making a dissent upon the main land, above Chip-
pewa about 50 miles. They have boats in readiness, and are
increasing the number of them. Colonel Woodruff, of Salina,
had arrived at the Island with 130 dollars in money fortbe army,
and offered his services if they would give him a certain com-
mand. Straw and provisions continued to arrive every hourat
Scholosser for the patriots. Our United States Marshall has
made a formal demand on the Upper Canada government, for
the cannon, United States property, within its territories.
Governor Head was still at Toronto, malgre the reports to
the contrary. At Erie there was one company of regulars that
was ready whenever M'Kenzie landed to join him says my in-
formant. The captain had so professed bis determination to
him. Mrs. M'Keuzie was still on the island. No royalist
ventures to show his face at Buffalo now. It would not be safe
to do so.

(From the Second Edition of the Morning Herald.)
By the New York packet ship Montreal, at Portsmouth, we
have the New York papers of Jan. 10.
General Scott passed through the city of New York on the
Bth, on his way to the frontier.
There was no later news fiotn Navy Island, except a rumour
from Albany that the people on the island had embarked on
board two steam-boats—destination not known, but supposed to
some point on the Canada shore of Lake Erie. This was not
much believed at New York. The better opinion was that the
Navy Islands would disband, and that if they had left the island
at all it was for Detroit, or some other point on the American
side, remote from Buffalo, where they would not be liable to
arrest or other molestation. Two hundred regulars left New
York for Buffalo on the evening of the 19th, to act under
General Scutt.

(Private Correspondence of the Morning Herald.)
NEW YOll K, JAN la—General Scott will reach Buffalo in a
few.days; and if the camp of vagabonds at Navy Island is not
dispersed by the tithe of his arrival, I doubt much if they will
keep together '24 hours longer. With the supplies cut off from
both sides, they will be compelled either to invade Canada forth-
with or disband. As tranquility is restored in the lower pro-
vince, the regular troops are returning to Upper Canada.

SPORTS ON THE ICE IN THE NORTH.—The Scotch papers
are filled with accounts of "curling matches" played in different
parts of the country. One paper published in Dumfries records
no fewer than 14 separate meetings held in the neighbourhood
of that town within a week. As this game, although exten-
sively practised in Scotland, is not known in England, a brief
description of it may not be out of place at the present mo-
ment :—lnto large stones, of an hemispherical form, usually of
granite, and weighing from 501bs to 601bs, are fixed in wooden
or iron handles, and the object is to slide these stones along the
ice, from one mark, called a tee, to another. The part of the
ice, on which this is done, is called the rink, and is chosen as
smooth and level as possible, the length being about 35 or 40
yards. Each side may consist of any number of players, but
the usual number is eight, every player using two of the stones.
The best player, who is termed the leader, commences the
game by endeavouring to place a stone as near a possible to the
tee or mark, round which concentric circles are usually drawn
in the manner of the " bull's eye" or a target, for the conve-
nience of measuring the relative distances. The leader of the
opposite party, who throws next, attempts either to displace the
stone of his antagonist, or to settle his own close to the mark.
The parties play alternately, the object being the same with all—
namely, to strike off the stones of their opponents, to guard
those of their partners, or to place their own close to the mark.
When all the stones are played, that nearest the tee is termed
the winner, and counts one, and if the second, third, &c., be-
long to the same side, they also count one each; but if to the
opposite party, they go for nothing. The number played for
generally exceeds 20, although this, of course, rests entirely with
parties making the match. About five or six yards from the
tee, at each end, a line is drawn across the course; this is called
the hoyscore, and no account is taken of the stones which do
not pass this score. Means are taken to prevent the player
from slipping down while discharging the stones. Krum this
biief description, it will be seen seen that the sport is one of a
manly character ; in fact, to be a proficient in it, it is neces-
sary to possess considerable bodily strength, as well as much
skill. It has long been the favourite winter game in Scotland, •
and a number of clubs have been instituted for the sole purpose
of cultivating it. In Lanarkshire, almost every parish can
reckon such a club, and, as is the case with cricket-playing in
England, challenges are given and accepted by rival clubs. In
tins case, a number of rinks (sometimes as many As 20) are
constructed at once, thus enabling as ninny as 200 to enjov the
sport simultaneously. The game, however, can be played by
two persons. The prize of victory is usually a silver medal,
and many a parish " curler" is as proud of this proof of his
prowess
as ever was a Waterloo veteran of his distinguishing
badge.
_

" Sports like these,
With sweet succession, teach e'en toil to please."

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MONEY
MARKET.
(Front the Sunday Times.)

CITY, SATURDAY,—The resumption of specie payments by
the banks of the United States is a subject in which the mer-
cantile interests of Great Britain ale much interested, as having
an intermediate connexion with the restoration of the trade and
commerce with America. According to the accounts received,
however, to the Bth ult. it appears that the rumoured intention
of the United States Bank to commence the resumption of its
notes in specie has proved unfounded. It is, however, now said
that in three months the desired object will be accomplished ;
but if the letters we have received are worthy of credit, there
will not be a general return to specie payments until the Ist of
January, 1839. In some of the letters which reached the City
yesterday, it is stated that many of the banks were curtailing
their issues, and increasing their stock of specie, previously to a
return to specie payments. The resumption, however, must be
simultaneous to be effectual, and this can hardly be expected to
occur till the period we have already alluded to. In several of
the States a strong feeling prevailed for the resumption of specie
payments In the State Legislature of Philadelphia, a notice
had been under discussion for compelling the Bank to resume,
or in default, to render it illegal to declare any dividends. This
would be the most effectual mode of bringing the managers and
shareholders in the several establishments to the resumption of
their notes in specie. The Pheenix Bank had in fact commenced
the liquidation of its notes in gold and silver, but its circulation
previously was inconsiderable. The Banks of the city and state
of New York were rapidly increasing the amount of the precious
metals in their possession, and in this they will be aided by the
reduced rate of exchange, and the constant influx of specie from
South America. Some imports of gold and silver had been made
from England. The Exchange, it was expected, would fall as
low as 8 prem. which would give an ample return for an exten-
sive importation of the precious metals from Europe. The
Americans are still very limited buyers of foreign manufactures.
Their exportations of cotton, up to the Bth ult. had been 194,000
bales, or 80,000 bales less than were shipped off up to the cor-
responding period of the previous year.
The financial affairs of the treasury at Washington are not in
a very flourishing condition. The amount of treasury notes
issued under the act passed in the Special Session of Congress,
was 2,992,989 dollars, but of this amount 786,520 dollars had
been paid into the treasury for duties. The treasury notes were
at a discount of 1 to 1j per cent.
The navigation of the river being still impeded by the float-
ing masses of ice, the trade and commerce of London is conse-
quently extremely limited. The principal public sales of pro-
duce which have recently attracted notice, have been in Colonial
Wools, East India Indigo, and Furs imported by the Hudson's
Bay Company and private individuals. It is satisfactory to be
enabled to state that the demand for the two first description of
goods shows, that in the manufacturing departments for Woollen
goods a good trade is expected. The rise in the prices of colonial
wool is averaged at about fourpence per lb. and on indigo at
from threepence to sixpence per lb. The greater proportion of
the wools put up were purchased with great briskness, but the
importers of indigo are holding for advanced prices, and not
much more than one-third of the. quantity declared for sale ex-
clianved hands. The valuable importations by the Hudson's
Company were in general sold at excellent prices, one article
only having been refused by the trade, viz. Musluash, of which
a large quantity was put up, but refused. The I'ea trade is in
a very healthy state, and it has perhaps escaped better than any
other department of commerce the serious effects which were
experienced during the late crisis, by mostly every branch of
trade.

The Grain markets are influenced by the same causes which
have checked transactions in other departments of industry.
The arrivals are very trifling, and the quantity of business which
has been done this week, is too small to warrant any variation
being made in the quotations. The intelligence received from
the United States to the 6th ult. is rather more favourable for
the shipment of foreign Grain from hence. Wheats and Flour
had risen, though not to any extent.
The varied complexion which the news received from Canada
for some days past has borne, has proved a fruitful source of
speculation in the. British Securities. The hope and fear of the
dealers have been alternately excited—first, by the report of
the repulse of Sir F. B. Head; next, by an expected collision
with America in consequence of the capture and destruction of
the Caroline, and the loss of some of her crew ; and subsequently
by the positive news of the defeat of the royalists before Navy
Island. The effect upon the prices of Consols has been to ren-
der rapid variations very common; but on the lowest point of
depression there was a rally up to yesterday afternoon of about
2to 4per cent. We state with some confidence that the quan-
tity of business which has been done this week has been greater
than fOr some weeks past. The total depression has been ra-
ther above 1 per cent, viz., from 92i to 914, but the prices
ralied yesterday afternoon to 93, and finally closed, for Money
and Time, at 91,1 El. But sales of Money Stock have been con-
siderable, and these have increased the general gloom. Opinions
are much divided as to the result of the affairs in Canada. It is,
however, admitted that the capture of the alleged American
steam-boat, and the expected difference with the Republican
Executive, are alone grounds at present for serious apprehen-
sions. The rebels with all the aid given by American subjects,
cannot hold out, and a speedy revival of confidence in the funds
is therefore calculated upon. The fall in the prices of Reduced
Annuities have been from 924 ; to 92, and in the Three•and-a-
Half per Cent. Reduced from 1001 to 100. The previous rates
realised again yesterday within about I per cent. A continued
advance took place up to the middle of the week in Exchequer
Bills, when the premium was as high as 64, but it has since de-
clined to 56. and was yesterday at 58. India Bonds declined
from 61 to 58 premium. East India Stock fell on Thursday 2
per cent., but recovered from 2631 to 2641. The price of Bank
of England Stock has been reduced from 2061 to 2051
The Foreign Bond Market has been dull for some days past,
and the prices up to yesterday rallied but to a limited extent;
there has not been, in fact, much disposition shewn to speculate
in Foreign Bonds this week. The price of Portuguese has only
fluctuated to the amount of about 1 per cent., of Spanish to
about a per cent., of Brazillian to. 21 per cent., and in Dutch
stock to about 1 per cent. The last prices quoted of Brazilian
Bonds was 754, of Portuguese Five per Cents 27i5,,, the Three
per Cents 11, and of Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cent 54 A
rise has takenAflaca in the French Five per Cents from 109 f.
to 109 f. 50c. ; Exchange 25f. 55c. In the price of Belgic Bonds
there has been an improvement from 1014 to 1024, in Mexican
front 251 to 27, and in Colombian front 241 to 24.4 25.
The Share Market has been subject to frequent fluctuations
this week, but the last prices yesterday were about the averages
obtained since our last report. The Birmingham and Derby
were quoted at 17 or 3 dis., the Bristol and Exeter at 4 or 6
dis.. the Great Western at 82 or 17 pin., the Blackwall at 331
or 31 pm., the Brighton at 821 or 31- pm., the Greenwich at lg.
17 or 31 to 3 dis., the Southampton at 39 or I t dis., the Croy-
don at 21 or 1 pm., the Manchester and Leeds at 26 or 6 pm.,
the North Midland at 254 or 4 pm.. and the York and North
Midland at 111 or Ohs. Canada Bank Shares have improved
to 19 or I dis., but Colonial Bank have fallen again to 251 or
4. Pm.,
HALF-PAST TWELVE.—The intelligence from Upper Canada
is not of much importance. No accounts are reported against
the rebels at Navy Island. though it is said that the rebels had
left the place to proceed towards Toronto—time story is not
credited. A warm debate followed the reading of this communi-
cation in the House of Assembly. Many members defended the
capture of the Caroline, as she had been engaged in a breach of
neutrality. A general expression was given to the desire to
maintain amicable relations with England.
The discussion of the probability of a war was put an end to,
by a motion for the adoption of the "previous question," which
was agreed to.

At the date of the present account, the reply of Mr. Fox had
not been sent to the American government.
ONE O'CLOCK.—In the Funds but little alteration has oc-
curred this morning. Consols for Money and Account are at
91 Exchequer Bills realise 58, and India Bonds 56 pm.
The Three-and-a-Half per Cents Reduced are at 100-1.
I h the Foreign Market Brazil Stock quoted at 751: Portuguese
New, remains at 271 ; and Spanish Consols are heavy at 89i;
Dutch Two-and-a-Half. Cents command 53i
Shares are pretty steady; Great Western at 17, the Brighton
at 31, and the. Birmingham at 74 pm. In the others there is no
variation.

THE NEW POOR LAW.

HIGHLY GRATIFYING TESTIMONIAL TO JOHN WALTER, ESQ.,
__ _ _

LATE M. P. Fort BERKSHIRE.
The Hampshire Advertiser of Saturday furnishes us with an
account of an extremelygratifying and not less deserved tribute
of esteem and approbation to John Walter. Esq., by the poor
of the parish of Droxford. We know of no manwhn has dis-
played more active zeal and talent in Opposition to the barba-
rous and attrocrous system of parochial relief (!) elected by
the new poor law, than Mr. Walter; and if his absence from
parliament is to be regretted for one reason more than another,
it is because it deprives the poor of a powerful, humane, and in-
defatigable advocate in the councils of the nation. If our space
would warrant us in pursuing such a course, we should very
gladly copy the whole of the account of the interesting
oc-
currence furnished by the paper which we have already quoted;
but we must content ourselves with an abridgement.
Mr. Walter, late M.P. for Berkshire, it is well known dis-
tinguished himself by his advocacy of the just rights of the
poor, and contended, with unflinching, perseverance, in the
new poor law committee, on the side of humanity, against the
array of whig and radical economists, by whom the poor are
considered as only parts of the machinery of production, which
should be subject to the governing laws of capital, and when
useless or worn out, rejected and thrown aside with indiffer-
ence as to what becomes of them. Mr. Walter's exertions
were attended with great pecuniary expense and injury to his
health ; but he has the consolation of k sowing that his labours
are justly appreciated by the wise and the good, and that the
poor. whose cause he advocated, feel the deepest gratitude for
his efforts on their behalf. The poor of the Droxford Union,
anxious to mark their sense of his services to them, determined
to subscribe the humble sum of one penny each family, in or-
der to purchase a testimonial, which they might present to
Walter as a proof of the sincerity of their feeling towards him.
A richly bound Bible was the appropriate testimonial chosen,
and on 'Monday last a very numerous meeting was held at the
Schoolhouse of Soberton parish, at which the ceremony of pre-
sentation took place.
The Rev. Mr. Brock, Rector of Bishop's. Waltham, pre-
sided, and opened the business of the occasion, in a neat speech,
in which he eulogised the benevolent and humane exertions of
Mr. Walter in behalf of the poor who had that day provided a
suitable acknowledgment. He was followed by the Rev. S.
Butler, who, as the chosen representative of the contributors,
presented the testimonial. In the course ofaver
canvass
yahlespeehcand,
the rev. gentleman stated, that though no general
been instituted, yet the number of subscribers had amounted
to near 5(X); and even in those parishes where the law was said
to have worked well for the interests of the poor, and where
persons of influence hold strong opinions as to the excellence of
the act, the same ardour and willingness had been manifested
on the part of the poor to contribute their halfpence. The rev.
gentleman concluded by presenting the Bible, which bore the
following simple, but highly gratifying inscription—

" Presented
To JOHN WALTER, ESQ.,
By the Poor of the Parish of Droxford,
In acknowledgment of his humane efforts in
their behalf."

Mr. Walter replied, in a very feeling and powerful speech,
thanking his poor friends for the valuable token of their esteem
and approbation. The meeting, was subsequently addressed by
the Rev. E. Dewdney, Mr. Gale, and the chairman, and then
separated.

THE SHIPPING INTEREST.—If may interest some of ourcom-
mereial readers io be made acquainted with the system pursued
in France in navigating their vessels. In that country the
merchant and the shipowner are distinct parties. The remune-
ration of the crew is not a fixed monthly sum, but is contingent
on freight. After all expenses are paid, victuals included, the
ftieght is thus divided:—The ships takes two-thirds, and the
crew one third is appointed in the following manner - h e
captain receives two shares, the mate one share and a half, and
each of the sailors one share. By this plan the captain of
vessel of 150 tons makes an annual income of about £l5O. This
system identifies the crew with the interests of the employers,
constituting in fact a quasi partnership, and to it, in a great
measure, may be ascribed the prosperous condition of the
French mercantile marine.—Jersey paper.

FEBRUARY 6, 1438

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

( From the Manchester Guardian.)
MANCHESTEIt.—FRIDAy EVENING.—The rumoured 'decla-
rations for the Chester Cup. noticed on Tuesday, are correct,
viz., Master of the Rolls, Drone, and Ludford. To these we
may now add Dick and Abraham Newland. How many more
may be found as having paid at Weatherby's, a day or two will
show. The limited number that have paid leaves the field a
large one to speculate upon ; and there can be little doubt that
a lull tide of business will follow for some weeks. On Wed-
nesday, the Irish horse Fusileer, was backed in a spirited man-
ner, at 30 to I, and under. Part of the money was laid out for
his noble owner, Lord Miltown. In the same hour, Heron
shut back, even to the tempting odds of 100 to 1. This price
was, however, accepted in a good and influential quarter; the
gentletnan taking up nearly one thousand at the figure. Nothing
has transpired since to show the reason of this move; if be has
not paid forfeit, and is " all right," the layers will have pretty
considerably the worst of it. Yesterday there was a show in
favour of Parolles, followed up this morning, when 20 to 1 was
booked with much zest, and to even a good stake. Birdlime
was also up a point; and our quotation was taken. Mersey
was also backed at 100 to 7; and Mr. Bowes's horse at 20 to I.
Nothing has been done on the Derby to require quotations;
and the following will be found the horses most in the market a$
he present day for

THE CHESTER CUP, P.P.
8 to 1 against Mr. Mostvn's Birdlime. (t)
10 to 1 .. General irates's Sylvan
11 to 1 .. Mr. Robinson's Whalley.
12 to 1 .• Mr. Fairlic's Zohrab.
14 to 1 .. Mr. Fowler's Mersey. (t)
14 to 1 .. Mr. Price's Wentworth. (t)
14 to 1 .. Mr. Clarke's Magician.
16 to 1 .. Mr. Houldsworth's Combat,
20 to 1 .. Lord Derby's Parolles. (t)
20 to 1 .. Mr. Bowes's Lord Stafford. (t)
20 to 1 .. Lord Milltown's Fusileer. (t)

ENTRIES FOR THE LIVERPOOL STEEPLE CHASE.
LORD VISCOUNT MOLYNEUX, UMPIRE.
Tuesday, Feb. 20.—T0 start at Twelve o'clock.
FIRST RACE.
A sweepstakes of 10 pounds each, with 25 added; four years
old, Ilst ; five, list 71b; six and aged 12st. Gentlemen riders,
over a country not exceeding five miles; the second horse to
receive back his stake; the ground to be shown to the riders on
the morning of the race.
Mr. Mascall's b in Miss Julia Wriggles.
Mr. M`Donough's ch h Sir William.
Mr. Chawner's ch h The Duke.
Mr. Kelly's b g Irishman.
Mr. O'Moore's b h Scamp.
SECOND RACE.
A sweepstake of five pounds each, with 20 added. Weights
as before; over a country not exceeding three miles; gentle.
men riders; the last horse to pay five pounds to the second.
Mr. Holland's ch us by Paul Potter.
Mr. Jones's br g Dancing Master.
Mr. Devme's b g Sir Thomas Lawrence.
Mr. Edward Littledale's b in The Countess.
Mr. Jones's br g Lafitte.
THIRD RACE.
A hurdle sweepstakes of 5 pounds each, with 15 added; four
years old, lost 71b; five, list 61b; six and aged, 12st; heat*
once round; gentlemen riders.
Capt. Tuthill's b g Mazeppa.
Mr. Kelly's b g Irishman.
Mr. M‘Donough's ch g The Disowned.
Mr. Norbury's b in Countess.
The coursing match is fixed for Wednesday and Thursday.
the `2lst and 22d of February, and the dogs to be named on or
before the 7th.

LIVERPOOL MECHANICS' INSTITUTION.

LECTURES ON PHYSIOLOGY.

On Wednesday evening, Dr. Epps, of London, commenced
a course of eight lectures on this important science. The theatre
was more numerously attended than it has been since the open-
ing night. The Doctor is a man of infinite humour, and kept
his audience in a roar throughout the lecture.
If we look around us at nature, we find that there is such an
endless variety of objects, that it is almost impossible for any
mind to contemplate them, and at the same time to perceive the
operation of the infinite mind which called them into existence.
But, however, we do find, when we come to contemplate more
minutely the various bodies by which we are surrounded, this
most important truth made known to us, that there are certain •
grand features by which all the objects in creation are linked
together as one great whole, and that the 'finger of the Almigh-
ty has marked out these features with that beautiful regularity
and order which no one can properly appreciate who has not
-studied them with the closest attention. In passing upwards in
the scale of the animal creation, we observe, that the snore in-
telligent the being, the more complicated his structure, until, at
length, we arrive at the most intelligent and the most compli-
cated of all created beings—man. Mau, considered as an ani-
mal, is nothing more than au assemblage of a number of organs
or parts, which have certain duties or functions to perform.
The utility of the bones or the skeleton of the human body is
to protect the internal parts and to give to the human frame the
property of motion. In the earlier periods of our existence
there is no bone; we are nothing but a mass of membrane or
skin, and this skin gradually undergoes change until it becomes
converted by a variety of processes into the parts of which our
body is composed.
The skull of a very young being is very soft and delicate. A.
children progress in life, the bones, which are at first little better
than gristle, become hardened. Let us consider what does
bone consist of? If you take a bone and soak it in murtatio
acid diluted with water, the earthy matters of the bone are dis-
solved, whilst its cartilaginous structure remains behind. Chil-
dren which have not the proper portion of earthy matter in their
bones are said to be rickety. This arises from want of proper
food, treatment, and exercise of the limbs. Crooked legs ate
frequently occasioned by the same causes. In old men there
is too great an amount of earthy matter; the cartilaginous mat-
ter becomes abstracted, and that is the reason why old persons
are so liable to fractures of bones from falls which would not
injure a young person. It is a very curious fact, in connexion
with this part of the subject, that the bones of prize-fighters, in
consequence of their system of training, are firmer and more
capable of bearing blows than those of persons under the ordin-
ary system of diet. This shows the necessity of attending to the
diet of children, in order to induce a proper firmness of bone.
The skull is to be viewed as "the palace of the soul," because
it contains within it the brain. The brain is one of the softest,
if not the softest, portion of the human body, and we have to
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cessary that it should be well protected against the numerous
perils to which man is subject. How does the Creator take
care of this valuable jewel ? A skull is rounded in the form of
an arch in every direction, and this rounded form is one pf the
modes which the Creator has adopted for the purpose of enab-
ling the skull to resist the injuries to which the brain would
otherwise be exposed. It is a well-known fact, that, if you wish
to give to a fortified tower the greatest strength, it is made round;
in like manner, the walls of a dock are constructed round, in or-
der to turn off the fury of the waves. Very often the bullet which
enters the forehead of a man comes out behind without doing a
vital injury, in consequence of the bones of the skull having
turned the ball round. The same has happened with respect to the
ribs. But not only is the skull made in that form which of all
others will enable it to sustain the greatest hardship, but it is
also made of eight distinct bones, beautifully dovetailed into
each other, by which a far greater degree of strength is given to
it. In old persons all these bones become united, and that is
the reason why a blow on the head is so much oftener attended
with fatal consequences to an old man than to a young man.
The centre of the arch of the skull is stronger than any other
part; and to prevent the sides from bursting out by pressure
from above, the side bones lap over in such a manner us to
form a sort of withers.

The next point in importance is what is called the spinal cord,
or what is called by butchers the pith, which passes down a
groove in the centre of the spine or backbone. The spinal cord
is divided into three distinct columns, from which proceed the
nerves which affect the muscles of our feet and hands, our sense
of feeling, and enable us to breathe. Performing such impor-
tant functions, it is clear that the injury of this soft cord would
be attended with danger, and that, next to the brain, its safety
is of the greatest importance. Accordingly we find that our
Creator has enclosed it in the series of vertebrae or bones, con-
stituting our spine, which vertebrae are constructed in such a
manner, and of such a size, that we may bend or twist the spine
to a considerable degree without doing any injury to the spinal
cord itself. The nerves proceed from small holes in these
vertebrm. The first of the vertebrae receives the bone of the
skull, and is so constructed as to allow us to nod the head in
any direction, and there are certain projections in it to prevent
the skull from sliding off. The same mitebral bone does not
allow us to turn our heads. This operation is accomplished by
means of the second of the vertebrae, which turns in a socket,
being the only one of the vertebrae bones possessed of that
faculty. There are ligaments on each side of this bone to pre-
vent it from being easily dislocated. Some persons are in the
habit of lifting children up by the chin, on pretence of showing
them London, or on some such foolish plea, and in some cases
the vertebral bone has been dislodged, and death ensued. When.
a person in hunting falls from the back of his horse, he is said to
break his neck ; it is from the circumstance of these ligaments
being stretched so as to admit of the upper vertebral bone being
lifted off the pivot, and many lives might be spared if a surgeon
were at hand to replace the bones. We should be very careful
in treating children thus. We were never made to be played
with, or to go jumping over hedge and ditch after a poor crea-
ture like a hare, as it is no common thing to see fifty or sixty
persons do. What scientific amusement ! If the creature
hunted were a lion it would be another thing. Let us suppose
wthoautitdhreescpeiinvaelicnoirudmhia)idng, slipping,nothingtu take off the shocks which it
or a thousand other incon-
veniences of the same nature to which flesh is heir. flow dis-
agreeable life would be under such circumstances. When one
ship approaches another some soft substance is interposed to
break the shock. The same thing is done to prevent the un-
pleasant collision of two railway carriages. The Creator has
actually interposed a cushion between every one of the verte-
brae, which is the intervertebral substance which is put between
each bone, which by its softness and utility takes off the shock,
What is still more curious. these gradually shelve to a centre,
and in the centre is a drop of liquid—and liquids are the most
incompressible substances. When wo lie down at night, the
spinal cord becomes distended in consequence of our bodies
being taken off it. It is a well-known fact that a man is taller
in the morning than he is at night. A trial hinging upon the
height of an individual was once gained on this principle. In
order to make the young man of the required height, he was
caused to keep in bed for three days, until he was required in
court. The effect of this was, that upon being taken into court
he was found to be of the right height and no more. Persons
who are a long time confined to their beds become,- in like
manner, taller, hence the vulgar notion that corpses grow, Dr.
Harrison, of London, has been eminently successful in curing
persons with distorted spines by a course of treatment founded
upon the patient lying upon his back.

SLEEP.—The hours of retiring to rest should be early and
regular.
It has been said that if a man takes the proper quan-
titv of sleep it is of little consequence at what time it is taken ;
and some persons in high life, acting upon this false maxim,
often rise at three in the afternoon, and go to bed at four in the
morning; and, consequently, rarely see the sun for months
together. Few plans more effective than this for shortening
life can be imagined. Theatres, concerts, and late evening
parties, are to be eschewed. Attendance at them is, on many
accounts, highly destructive to the aged. The vitiated air, the
sudden and great change of temperature to which it exposes
them, act upon them with a vastly greater power than upon the
younger and more vigorous. Even young persons should not
go into company every night; the excitement and late boursto
which they expose themselves by so doing soon change their
youth into the appearance of old age • for no constitution can
long endure such treatment. A London season in high life,
constantly spent in company, is generally sufficient to under-
mine the health of young ladies on first coming out, if they are
not very careful. They should, therefore, make a point of.
having. two or three days of rest and quietness in each week.
Music and dancing are very well in their way; but, when in-
dulged in to success, are highly injurious both to mind and
body.---Curtin on Health.