The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-01-22 00:00:00

---..45p..-.--

THE GREAT REFORM MEETING AT LEEDS

(From the Leeds Intelligencer.)
Were there no other proof of the arrant humbug of
the meeting about to take place in Mr. Marshall's Flax
Mill, the use to be made of Mr. O'Connell on that oc-
casion would be sufficient to stamp its true character.
The authors of the meeting affect a more than ordi-
nary love of liberty. They would push the ministry
onward ; they would enlarge the bounds of demo-
cracy ; they would abrogate the reform act ; and they
lay especial stress upon what they term the rights of
conscience. And one of their instruments for effect-
ing these instruments is O'Connell, decidedly the
greatest enemy to rational liberty now in existence.
This man, throughout his entire course, has pursued no
ends but selfish ones. In every public act of his life
self has been the primary consideration. All his agi-
tations are accompanied by levies of money upon his
dupes. Fund after fund has been raised, and the
whole of the proceeds has been swept into his own
pocket. He pushed Catholic Emancipation to make a
trade of his talents and influence. He gave up his
practice at the bar, under the pretence of Serving the
public, but in reality to quarter himself upon his poor
countrymen, who, by dint of bell, book, and candle,
are compelled to give the very bread they need to pam-
per their deceiver and misleader. He traffics in par-
liamentary seats ; he trades with the ministry, selling
them for lucre, while abusing them, the power derived
from his too confiding countrymen : affecting all the
while to be labouring for the overthrow of the very
persons with whom he maintains a secret and corrupt
understanding. The reader will find an instructive
reminiscence of some of the tricks of this consummate
charlatan in an extract from Mr. Oastler's " Fleet Pa-
pers ;" and it will be also seen that he has just evaded
a challenge to meet Dr. Cooke of Belfast, in discussion
on the repeal question, pressing into that refusal as
much personal insult as his fertile mind suggested, yet
showing at once his fear and his meanness ; for well
does he know that "Daddy Cooke," as he calls the
Doctor, is not the man to be set aside by a quirk or a
vulgar joke.
Now it is such an ally as this—the man who is do-
ing all he can to exclude the manufactures of the West
Riding from the Irish market, although immense
quantities of Irish produce of all kinds are daily con-
sumed in this district—that Messrs. Stansfield and
Marshall invite to hold forth at the hole-and-co ner
meeting in Mr. Marshall's mill, on Thursday next, the
ostensible aim of which is the promotion of the cause
of the people !
The fact is, that the meeting of Thursday is a delu-
sion upon the working-classes of this town and neigh-
bourhood. The managers aim at a monopoly of local
power. Mr. Stansfield (greatly to his own surprise,
we dare say) finds himself an alderman, a borough
justice, and West Riding magistrate. In the latter ca-
pacity he reaps little honour or comfort; the soil is not
congenial to the growth of such plants ; in corporation
matters he is more at home, and therefore he fancies
that he shall retain the honours and patronage attend-
ant thereon by making the burgesses believe that he is
toiling for their welfare4albeit his desire is to uphold a
whig monopoly and the " swingeing" borough-rate.
We rather think that he deceives himself. He is
" Yorkshire" to perfection ; but those he hopes to dupe
are "Yorkshire too," and the new movement will fail.'
There will be a great splutter—a great deal of parade—
a volume of newspaper puff—and not a little of the
Messrs. Marshall's money will be squandered—and
these will be the only results. We do not think that
Mr. H. C. Marshall's views as to the representation of
the borough of Leeds in the House of Commons will
be one whit advanced by the conversion of the firm's
flax mill into a political debating shop.

THE STARVATION LEAGUE.

(From the Bristol Journal.)

•
Mr. Paulton, the worthy emissary of the IVlanchester white
slave-owners, delivered on Tuesday another lecture about
cheap bread in the Socialist den. The humbug of all this
crocidile philanthropy, in a set of grasping tyrants who grind
the faces of their own workmen, is now so well understood
by the working classes, to whom we gave a useful " Hint"
last spring, that Polish corn and Polish wages are now re-
ceived by them as convertible terms. This fact, coupled with
a rumour that the lecturer has been as soundly floored in se-
veral places as Robert Owen was last week in Bristol, caused
some rather ugly marks of impatience" in the meeting ;
and as the Chartists dearly love to hear themselves talk, the
" lecture" amounted to a general row, which terminated in
some one (wiser than the rest) stopping the gas • whereupon
the whole company groped their way on their heels or their
heads, or on all-fours, as they best might, out of the room.
Mr. Paulton and Mr. Owen may now take their departure
together for the regeneration of mankind in some other
place.
Of the rubbish which this lecturer gave about the corn
laws, it suffices to say that it has been refuted a thousand
times to the comprehension of all men of average sense, and
leaves untouched our argument on " cheap bread," (14th of
March, 1840) wherein we proved fharthe repeal of the corn
laws would produce—
First. A. general bankruptcy, from the export of bullion.
Second. A general famine,—from the cessation of the
growth of wheat in England with nu adequate increase of it
abroad ; and from the resistance of the people abroad to the
export of it.

Third. That the agricultural population, four times as nu-
merous as the manufacturing, must all flock to the manufac-
turing market for employment.
Fourth. That the home market, which consumes three-
fourths of our manufactures, being at an end, our manufac-
tures would afford employment for only 1-12th of the people.
Fifth. That the states from which we bought corn could
not take our manufactures in exchange, because—what occa-
sions the corn to be cheap—the producers are Polish serfs
who have not a penny to lay out.
Sixth. That no other nations will or can take our manu-
factures to 1-10th of the amount required.
Seventh. That if they would, our operatives must work
for one shilling where they now receive five, and pay (sup-
pose) one shilling for bread where they now pay two !
Eighth. That instead of paying one shilling they would
probably pay more than two : for corn would then be a
complete monopoly in the hands of a few millionaries, who
need only wait a few weeks to raise it to any price ! !
We proved all these things : let any man who does not
make them his creed read over our argument. We are sick,
not more of the disgusting mendacity which raises all this
din about the corn laws, than of the stupidity of those who
suffer any man to stand up in public and utter it. The far-
mers seem to be in great want of thrashing machines.

A man of rank, hearing that two of his female relations
had quarrelled, asked, " Did they call each other ugly ?"
" No." " Well, well, I shall soon reconcile them."
Large flocks of wild geese have been seen in the neigh-
bourhood of Poulton-le-Fylde during the past week, a con-
siderable number of which have been shot, and sold at the
rate of 2s. 6d. each.

SOMETHING MORE ABOUT THE MARRIAGE CEREMONY.
—Last wesk we related a little anecdote which involved a
suggestion of the highest importance to all who contemplate
a plunge into the holy estate of wedlock. Since that period
another amusing tale has reached our ears, and it too occur-
red in the parish church of this town. Some time ago a cou-
ple presented themselves at the altar ; the bridegroom was a
hale-looking youth, and the bride, according to our inform-
ant, who has an eye for that sort of thing, was exceedingly
pretty. The first part of the ceremony went on smoothly and
pro—"
perly ; but when the officiating priest put to the lady the
home question
wilt thou take this man to thy wedded
husband ?" she dropped the prettiest courtsey, and with a
modesty which lent her beauty an additional grace, replied
d 4 ,
if you please, sir." Charming simplicity!—Blackburn
Standard.

(F*m the Glasgow Argus.)
On the authority of a letter received by a gentleman in
• Edinburgh, we announced, on Monday, the stoppage of the
above concern, and the flight of the managing directors, which
, has since been confirmed from other sources. The history
of this establishment places, in a very strong light, the de-
fective state of the law regarding joint-stock companies, and
proves the necessity of some legislative enactment, by which
they may be brought under proper controul. It has long
. been matter of public notoriety, that the Independent West
Middlesex Company was a concern established without ca-
pital, by individuals of even worse than doubtful reputation.
The Dublin and Quarterly Reviews, in articles published
some time back; showed that their rates were of the most
fallacious description, and that it was impossible they could
exist as a company, and make good the promises which they
held out. So long, however, as any portion of the public
remained to be gullgd, the concern went on, in defiance of
every exposure, and there was no provision in the law by
which the parties could be laid hold of. •
The Independent West Middlesex Assurance Company was
established in 1836, by four individuals, whose characters
will not bear a very close investigation. One of them had, at
one period, kept the tap of a tavern in Aldermanbury-street,
London. He afterwards became shopman to a small tallow-
chandler, in Upper Berkeley-street, where he subsequently
carried on business on his own account, but without success.
After moving about from place to place, the same bad fortune
following him, he was known as a house agent at the time the
company started. Another of the party was originally a foot-
man, and afterwards got engaged in several concerns, none of
which succeeded. He kept a petty furnishing shop for a
short time in Gloucester, where he became insolvent about
1827. Towards the end of 1829, he spent several months in
White Cross-street Prison, from which lie was released un-
der the insolvent debtors' act. At this period his clothes
were in pawn, and he was in such a state of utter destitution,
that he excited the compassion of the governor of the prison,
who generously advanced him upwards of four pounds to re-
lieve his clothes, receiving his written obligation to repay the
same when demanded. At an after period, when he was dis-
covered to be living at an elegagt house in Connaught-terrace,
and driving his carriage and pair, the governor sent to him
for the money, which he refused to pay, alleging as his reason
that he was freed from it by the statute of limitations. From
the time he left White Cross-street Prison, he acted as shop-
man to the tallow-chandler previously mentioned. The third
was an attorney in very poor circumstances, who, in 1831,
went through the Bankruptcy Court. He was one of the di-
rectors and the solicitor for the notorious 'Equitable Loan
Company, which was blown up in 1838. The fourth was an
apothecary, and had a small shop in the neighbourhood of
where the first-mentioned of the four resided. In 1832, he
spent several months in the Queen's Bench Prison, where he
was in a state of the utmost destitution, and was known by
his fellow-prisoners under the name of " Poor Jemmy."
The four individuals, of whom we have given some ac-
count, are believed to have been the sole originators of this
precious concern. They subsequently admitted as managing
directors, a journeyman blacksmith, along with the porter of
the establishment; and the two latter, in conjunction with
one of the four, signed all the policies and annuity bonds.
The ex-tallow chandler, in his capacity of house agent, had
the disposal of the premises in Baker-street, London, which
were fitted up for the office of the company. A. few tables,
chairs, &c. were scraped together in the best way the parties
could, and the sign was put up, of the Independent West
Middlesex Assurance Company, of which the sole partners
were the individuals already alluded to, or possibly one or
two others in like desperate circumstances. Prospectuses
were issued, by which the company professed to be consti-
tuted under various acts of parliament; and an imposing
array of names appeared as directors, many of which were
chosen as being identical with those of well-known and
highly respectable gentlemen in London. Suspicion was at
an early period excited, by the low rates at which thy com-
pany transacted business ; and it soon became known, that
the individuals who were put forth as directors, were not the
well-known gentlemen of the same names. Still, however,
from the disgraceful state of the law of libel, those who
knew the real state of matters were afraid to speak out ; and
our contemporary, the Scotch Reformers' Gazette, has the
credit of being the first journal that exposed the concern, for
which the proprietors have been landed in several actions of
damages, and put to great trouble and expense.
At the outset, Messrs. Coutts and Co. were announced as
the bankers of the concern ; but they soon ordered their
names to be withdrawn from the advertisements. The com-
pany then out forward the Bank of England, who, after
making enquiry regarding the parties, ordered the account
to be shut. The Western Bank of Scotland, who bad been
announced as the Scottish bankers, were obliged to threaten
proceedings before they could get their names withdrawn.
Notwithstanding these adverse occurrences, and in the face
of the exposure made in Glasgow, the company still went on ;
and their.gains' from what has transpired, must have been
considerable. It appears, by a search made at the Enrol-
ment Office, Chancery-lane, London, where all annuity
bonds are registered, that, down to the month of November,
1849, the sum of £98,000 had been paid into the concern for
the purchase of annuities. The money received in the shape
of premiums for fire and life assurances must also have been
large ; and, although no correct approximation can be made,
it does not seem improbable to estimate their total gains at
somewhere about £200,000.

That money was flowing at a rapid rate into the exchequer
was soon made manifest by the altered circumstances of the
concoctors of the scheme. The ex-tallow-chandler and house-
agent built nine splendid houses as an investment at Maida
Hill, to the west of London, in one of which he took up his
residence, keeping several male servants, and driving into
town in his carriage. He further purchased various proper-
ties in different parts of the metropolis, at a cost, as has been
ascertained, of upwards of £20,000. The ex-footman pur-
chased an elegant house in Connaught-terrace, where he lived
in considerable splendour, and drove his carriage and pair.
In Glasgow, premises were purchased for the use of the
concern, in Ingram-street, and several sums of money
were lent out upon heritahle securities, a portion of which, it
is hoped, may be made available for the behoof of the suffer-
ers in this quarter. Between three and four thousand pounds
is understood to be about the amount received by the com-
pany here in the annuity branch of their business, included
in which, is a sum sunk for the behoof of the children of the
late John Tait, editor of the Liberator newspaper. Their
transactions in Glasgow, however, which at one time were
large, fell off from the period of the exposure to which we
have alluded, and, although the office was still kept open, it
is believed that money did not come in. Persons who had
effected fire insurances went off to other offices, glad to es-
cape with only the loss of the premiums. The unfortunate
individuals who had sunk money upon annuities were differ-
ently situated ; but down to a late period, for the sake of
preserving appearances, the annuities were paid. On Tues-
day last, the office was finally closed,—the individual who,
for some time, has acted as agent, and who is understood to
be the son of the ex-footman, having hurriedly taken his de-
parture from Glasgow, He is said to have stated to a gen-
tleman, whom he chanced to see before he walked off, that
he had received no money from London since last September,
and it is quite certain that he had received none here, as no
new transactions had for a long time been entered into.
Although the Independent West Middlesex Assurance
Company displayed the utmost eagerness to procure busi-
nessf their conduct was different when losses by fire took
place, or when individuals died who had their lives insured
with the concern. At Dublin, a life policy fell due, and pay-
ment was refused ; but, upon legal proceedings being insti-
tuted, the claim was settled; and the agent in Dublin was so
annoyed at the conduct of the company, that he abandoned
the agency. At Johnstone in the neighbourhood of Paisley,
a fire occurred in the premises of Messrs. Allan and Watson,
cotton-spinners, who were insured with the West Middlesex,
and payment was refused of the claim of about £1,600, on
various unfounded pretences. Legal proceedings were, in
consequence, instituted, and funds, which the concern had
in Scotland, were fortunately arrested, else a different result
might have ensued. After a protracted and expensive liti-
gation, and within a few days of the time fixed for the trial,
the Middlesex abandoned the case, and allowed decreet to he
passed against them—and Messrs. Allan and Watson ulti-
mately recovered the whole of their demand, and the ex-
penses incurred. We give these merely as examples of the
manner in which the Middlesex proceeded ; and might quote
numerous cases, of a similar nature, from all parts of the
country, in which actions are, at this moment, pending.
The Middlesex Company professed great indignation at
exposure which was made regarding them, and actions of
damages were commenced at their instance in the Court of
Session. They first raised two actions against the proprietors
of the Reformers' Gazette, and four against the agent in
Glasgow of the County Fire Office, Messrs. Allan and Wat-
son, &c., all of which were dismissed. The actions were
then repeated in another form, and certain of them were ex-
pected to have gone before a jury in March. • Had these
been proceeded in, we are informed that the disclosures that
would have been made are of the most extraordinary charac-
ter, both in regard to the principal actors in the scheme, and
to the manner in which they proceeded in getting up the pre-
tended company. Although in possession of much curious
and startling information on the subject, the nature of which
may be readily guessed at from what we have just laid before
our readers, we deem it right for the present to defer going
further into detail. It is evident that the parties implicated
had in contemplation the speedy bursting of the nefarious
bubble which they sent afloat ; and their whole object for
some time has been, by raising actions of various kinds, to
maintain a certain description of reputation, under cover of
which they might secure as large an amount of plunder as
possible. In November last, the Stamp Office gave instruc-
tions to proceed against them for the duties due in the pre-
ceding month of May. Whether the parties were not pre-
pared for flight, and paid the amount, we are not aware ; but
we may be tolerably certain that it has not been settled, if
they could possibly avoid doing so. We trust, that, even in
the present uncertain state of the law, means will be found to
punish the guilty authors of this plot ; and, at all events, that
parliament will speedily direct its attention to some measure,
by which the public may be protected from the frauds that it

is clear can be practised by persons'assuming the designation
of joint-stock companies.

FOREIGN AND COLONIAL MISCELLANY,

The Cassel Gazette says, " English lawyers are at present
in Hanover, discussing the claim which the king makes to
some crown jewels, now in the hands of the Queen of En-
gland. It is reported that the king intends to institute a
suit at law against her Majesty for their recovery."
The health of Sir J. Carnac, governor of Bombay, is
stated to be very indifferent. By the last accounts from that
presidency, he was about to take a trip to sea, and it is ru-
moured that if this measure does not produce the desired
effect, he will eventually proceed to the Cape ; he was about
to proceed to Baroda.

THL BANK DEBT OF AMERICA.—Senator Walker, in a
letter to the people of Mississippi, says :—" The loans now
made by all the various banks of the Union, exceed by the
last official returns five hundred and twenty millions of dol-
lars, upon which, (exclusive of exchange and other shaving
operations) is extracted, at the average rate of seven per cent.
interest, an annual interest of thirty-six millions seven hun-
dred and fifty thousand dollars ; being an annual interest
nearly equal to all the specie in all the banks in the union ;
thus exhibiting an annual interest of one hundred per cent.
upon all gold and silver held by the banks."—New York
paper.
The Brussels papers mention that the Senne, which runs
through that capital, has been deeply flooded, as well as the
Sambre, and most of the rivers in Belgium, in consequence
of the sudden thawing of the snow.

Gazette de Cologne publishes a letter from Vienna of
the Bth, mentioning that the Archduchess of Parma and the
Duchess of Angouleme were both dangerously ill. The
Archduke Frederick was expected back in Vienna from S
on the 15th.
GALE AT ROME.—A gale of wind, according to the Diario
di Roma, blew with such violence in the Pontifical city on
the sth instant, that it caused the great bell at the Roman
College to sound. Its force seems to have been limited to a
height of about 160 feet from the level of the sea, as during
the whole time there was a complete calm'at the summit of
the astronomical observatory.
Extract of a letter from Lima, August 20 :—" The Peru.
vian government, endeavouring by all means in its power to
subject foreigners to the same charges as natives, has deci-
ded, in virtue of the constitution of Huancayo (a constitution
drawn up under the constitution of the bayonets), that fo-
reigners purchasing landed property or houses in Peru thereby
become Peruvians. Pushing its arbitrary measures still
further, it has ordered all prefects and courts of justice not
to adjuge to foreigners the real property to which they may
have rights, by virtue either of mortgage, or a decision of
court, unless they shall have renounced their national rights,
and accepted the qualification of Peruvian citizens."

Duty on Foreign Grain, &c. this week.
Wheat 263.8 d. Barley 13s. 10d. I I
Oats .... 155. sd. Rye.. lgs. gd
I Beans, gs. 6d. Pease.. gs. 6d. Ind. Cornl3s.lod. Flourlbs.Oid

Liverpool Averages, week ending 19th January, 1841.
Wheat. Barley. I Oats. 1 Beans. 1 Pease.
1743 559
535. 4d. Os. od. 20s. 10d. Os. Od. Os. Od

11=1121....

ORIGIN OF THE DIFFERENT RACES OF HUMAN

BEINGS

(From a

Note to Dr. Pye Smith's Work on Geology.)
From all that I have been able to learn (and upon Dr.
ritchard's work I rely as my great physiological authority),
appears to be established that all the diversities of configu-
ration which belong to human beings, may be satisfactorily
referred to external agents continuing their influence through
many generations : for it is with those nations whieh have
retained the same mode of life unvaried from time immemo-
rial, and in whom, therefore, the hereditary predisposition
has been sustained by the unceasing action of similar causes
—with those nations it is that the greatest deviations are
found from the standard human form.
We cannot, indeed, affirm it to be an impossibility that the
Almighty Creator should have seen fit to bring originally
into being duplicates, triplicates, or other multiples of pairs,
formed so alike that there should be specific difference be-
tween them. Yet it appears antecedently improbable, and
it is unnecssary ' • for, grant an extension of time not at all
prodigious, with all the requisite provisions for sustenance,
and a sufficient increase of posterity will ensue from a single
pair.

- All the probabilities of the case (and they amount to a
high degree of moral evidence) seem to warrant our adoption
of De Larrey's theory that the Arabs are the primitive race.
Let us then take some brunette hue for the normal complex-
ion of the human race ; and let all the existing colours be re-
presented by radii from a centre, diverging in all directions.
The differences would increase with the distance, and the ex-
tremities of the lines, in opposite parts of the periphery,
would present contrasts of colour, and every other deviation
produced by the range of causes.
But the gradation supposed, and proved by examples, pre-
sents us with shades of brown only. We have no instance of
a white family or community acquiring the proper negro
colour, nor of a negro family losing its peculiarity and be-
coming of a proper, healthy, North European white, there
are no intermarriages with fair persons, long continued in
the favourable direction.
This, I believe, must be admitted ; and another fact, of
great importance, must be added to it. The recent'explor-
ings of the Egyptian tombs and templeslave brought to light
pictures of native Egyptians, and of men and women of other
nations, comprising negroes, who are distinguished by their
characteristic form of face and their completely black colour.
Some of these highly interesting representations are proved
to be of the age of Joseph, and earlier, and some in which
negro figures occur are of the eighth century after the flood.
Assuming, then, that the complexion of Noah's family, as
what I have ventured to suppose, as the normal brown, there
was not time for a negro race to be produced by the opera-
tion of all the causes of change with which we are acquainted.
On the other hand, some of the Egyptian figures, particularly
those consigned to constant labour under the sun, and (which
is very remarkable) persons performing religious ceremonies,
are of a brown so deep, as to be almost black.
It is unreasonable to expect, that a more perfect acquaint-
ance with the physiology of the mucuous membrane, and
particularly in the negro subject, remains yet to be acquired ?
I look, with a feeling almost of impatience, to the publica-
tion of Dr. Pritchard's third volume of " Researches into
the Physical History of Mankind ;" in which one cannot
doubt that this subject will be discussed.
But, to any right mind I appeal, whether, in relation to a
subject so complicated, this one difficulty, even should it
never be scientifically disposed of, is of sufficient weight to
overbalance all the evidences, both bhysical and moral, (so
ably treated on in Dr. Pritchard's Book 11. chap. ii), phy-
sical, philogical, and historical, which flow together in proof
of the unity of the human race, by derivation from one an-
cestry. _ .

Biit, if the progress of investigation should bring out such
kinds and degrees of evidence as shall rightfully turn the
scale in favour of the hypothesis that there are several races
of mankind, each having originated in a different pair of first
ancestors, what would be the consequence to our highest in-
terests, as rational, accountable, and immortal beings ?
Would our faith, the fountain of motives for love and obedi-
ence fe God, virtuous self-government, and universal justice
and kindness ;—would this faith, the substance of things
hoped for, the evidence of things not seen, sustain any detri-
ment, after, by due meditation and prayer, we had sur-
mounted the first shock ? Let us survey those consequences.
If the two first inhabitants of Eden were the progenitors,
not, of all human beings, but only of the race whence sprung
the Hebrew family, still they were formed by the immediate
povier of God ; and all their circumstances, stated or im-
plied in the Scriptures, would remain the same as to moral
and practical purpose.

Adam would be " a figure of him that was to come," the
Saviour of mankind, just as :Melchizedek. or Moses, or
Aaron, or David : the spiritual lesson would be the same.
The sinful character of all the tribes of men, and the in-
dividuals composing them, would remain determined by the
most abundant and painfully demonstrated proofs, in the
history of all times or nations. The way and manner in
which moral corruption thus infected all men, under their
several heads of primeval ancestry, would be an inscrutable
mystery—(which it is now;)—bra the need of Divine mercy,
and the duty to seek it, would be the same; the same neces-
sity would exist of a Saviour, a redemption, and a renova-
tion of the internal characler by efficacious grace.
That the Saviour was. in his human nature, a descendant
of Adam, would not militate against his being a proper re-
deemer for all the races of mankind, any more than his being
a descendant of Abraham, Judah, and David, at all di-
minishes his perfection to save us " sinners of the Gen-
tiles."

Some difficulties in the Scripture history would be taken
; such as the sons of Adam obtaining wives, not their
own sisters; Cain's acquiring instruments of husbandry,
which must have been furnished by miracle immediately from
God upon the usual supposition Oils apprehensions of punish
ment (" any man that findeth me will slay me") ; his fleeing
into another region, of which Josephus so understands the
text as to affirm that Cain obtained confederates, and became
a plunderer and robber, implying the existence of a popula-
tion beyond his own family; and his building a city.
The characteristic differences of the great divisions of man-
kind, physical and intellectual, would create no difficulty in
our reasoning for instance, the mental distinctions laid down
by Dr. Morton : " The Caucasian race ; distinguished for the
facility with which it attains the highest intellectual endow-
ments. [ls there no flattery here? Are the effects of cen-
turies of cultivation sufficiently considered? The Mongo-

Tian ;—ingenious, imitative, and highly susceptible of culti-
vation.—The Malay ; active and ingenious, and possessing
all the habits of a migratory, predaceous, and maritime peo-
ple.—The American ; averse to cultivation, slow in acquiring
knowledge, restless, revengeful, fond of war, and wholly des-
titute of maritime adventure.—The Ethiopian ; joyous, flexi-
ble, and indolent; the many nations which compose this race,
presenting a singular diversity of intellectual character, of
which the far extreme is the lowest grade of humanity." The
hypothesis will almost diminish our surprise, but not our sor-
row, that many fine nations of men have appeared incapable
of being persuaded by all the attempts of wisdom and hu-
manity, as well as the stern demands of want; so that they
prefer to perish by inches, rather than to cultivate the soil,
and adopt those habits of civilized life by which they might
be preserved ; and that thus they appear to have had no share
in the divine appointment to " increase and multiply and
replenish the earth." See reflections upon this fact, at the ,
close of a very interesting article entitled The Red Man,"
in the Quarterly Review, March, 1840. In like manner it
would furnish a solution to the question, why any tribes of
men refuse to fix themselves in climes, warm, fertile, and
comfortable, and in which there were no impediments to
their stay, and should push on to such countries as Tirra del
Fuego, where they miserably exist, with scarcely shelter,
clothing, and food. Even the purifying and ennobling in-
fluence of Christianity, of which the Americans in particular

have shown themselves powerfully -susceptible, has not sur-
mounted these difficulties. But, allowing to the utmost
these confessedly very remarkable disagreements, Dr. Prit-
chard is of opinion that they afford no proof of diversity of
origin, and that differences equally great may be pointed out
as not only characterising individuals, but making families in
the bosom of English society.
With regard to Acts xviii. 26, it cannot be proved that
" one blood" necessarily signifies descent from a common
ancestry ; for, admitting a specific identity, though having
proceeded from distinct foci of creation, both the physical
and the mental characteristics would be the same in all es-
sential qualities.

Thus; if this great question should ever be determined in
the way opposite to what we now think the verdict of truth,
the highest interests of man will not be affected.

Highland Lad jk Barker, hence •at Venice, is reported to have
received conside ble damage in her rigging and cargo
Margaret, Pollard, from Smyrna to England, was driven on
shore near Catania 2;th Dec. but expected to be got off and cargo
saved. Mem.—The above will probably be the Margaret, Pollard,
from SMyrnato Liverpool

Somnambula, Voulich, from Odessa, at Malta, for Falmout
leaky and discharging

Ann Jane, Rigby, from Calcutta, at St. Helena, and sailed 28r,
Nov. for Liverpool

Blake, Eshelby, from Calcuita, off ditto 21st Nov. for Liverpool
Manilla, Pearson, sailed from ditto for London 22nd Nov.
Augustus, Barr al ; Mincarlo, Tregarthen • Nonpareil, Harding;
Cumberland, Fogwell, and Wave, Edwards, at St. Michael
BBAUMAIIis, Jan. 19.—The Boyne, Foster, lrom Alexandria to
Liverpool, was towed in here this morning, by No. 1, Liverpool
Pilot Boat, with loss of masts, haling been in contact with another
vessel.

VESSELS ENTERED FOR LOADING
(SINCE OUR LAST PUBLICATION.)

EAST INDIES, CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, &T.
Johnstone, T T Spence, 436 Calcutta, Sandbach & Co

AFRICA.
Carrywell, T M'Cann, 132 Africa,
WEST INDIES AND MADEIRA.
James Hunt, J Stewart, 166 Antigua, It Semple & C
Richmond, 0 A Cockram, 170 Barbadoes. W Rose & C
Zorilda, F Brien, 162 Trinidad, Reid & C
Ritson, S Johnston, 237 Trinidad, Imrie & Tomlinso:
Camerton, Hewitt, 220 Trinidad and Hayti,
Imrie & Tomlinso:

Bahr & C

SOUTH AMERICA.
Frances, J M'Lean, 149 Rio Grande, Imrie & Tomlinso
Village Girl, G Woof, 216 Monte Video and Buenos Ayret
J Poole & C

UNITED STATES.
Bengal, T Hicks, 3go Mobile, H More & Co
Deucaleon, E Howes, 585 New Orleans, F de Lizardi & Co

EUROPE

Reindeer, E C King, 163 Leghorn, Bahr, Behrend &Co
Wetherall, B Ayre, 153 Malta, Chapman & Co
Podia, J Thomas, 143 Malta and Smyrna, G Yates & Co
Maid of Alicante, Wakeham, 97 St. Michael's, Crozier & Co
Eliza, V de Bartelo, 212 Naples and Palermo, J Moss & Co
Roseberry, T Mowbray, 191 Genoa and Leghorn, 3 Bibby & Sons
Ariane, H P Muntendam, 100 Amsterdam, Bahr, Behrend &Co
Ashburton, H Bulkeley, 74 Azores, J Glynn & Son
Gipsy, W Shotton, 109 Bourdeaux, Campbell & Rudd
Flamer, P Pirouet, 103 Guernsey & Jersey, A Kincaid
Trinity Yacht, —, 119 Gibraltar, Eshelby & Co