The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-07-28 00:00:00

IS THERE. RIBANDISM IN THE ARMY

TO THE EDITOR OF THE L1Mht5.a.......
Sir,—l think the following circumstance will warrant
in putting the above query :—A fellow, named Cooney,
listed at Fermoy some time since in the 74th depot; whicl
at present stationed in Youghal. This fellow got a furloni
and came to his mother's house in Fermoy, where he remain,
until the day previous to the expiration of, the furlough, whe
he went and joined the depot in Youghal ; but the'succeed
ing evening he arrived privately in Fermoy, bringing witl
him his firelock and sixty rounds of ainnitr.'
avowed intention of shooting two or three rest.
tlemen whom he named. Happily the rumour of i.
intentions got abroad, and the villain, to avoid helot,
vered over to the civil law, to be dealt with as he merit,
voluntarily surrendered himself as a deserter to the Fermoy
gairison. And although he has been seen firing several shot:
in Newtown (by way of practice) preparatory to his medi
tated deed of blood, yet will none of those who saw him bea
witness to the fact, nor will those to whom he communicate
his intentions against the lives of respectable magistrates a
gentlemen prosecute him. He would be delivered ov.e
the civil law if they did so.—Yours, &c..
Fermoy, July 21.

IMERICK STANDARD

urn snatch between the Manchester club and t
Liverpool club, with Adams, one of the best Kent play-el
given, will come off to-morrow.

with tbt

M. M. 1

The ret

THE LATE Mn. JOHN LANDER.-It appears by a parlia-
mentary return just published, that the widow of Mr. John
Lander, who accompanied his brother Richard in one or
more hazardous expeditions into the interior of Africa, and
owed his death, probably, to the injury inflicted on his con-
stitution by the baneful climate of that country, has obtained
a government pension of £75 a year. This, we think, is,
under the circumstances, a very inadequate stipend; but of
the small sum remaining at the disposal of ministers, when
it was granted, a thousand a year was wanted for what is
called the Mount Eagle job—a job, by the way, in which the
whigs persevere, notwithstanding its positive condemnatior
by a lar; House of Commons.—Falmout
Express

.ge majority of the

FRAUDS UPON EMIGRANTS.—We perceive, that a new
description of fraud upon emigrants and their friends has re-
cently been put in practice, and we fear it is beyond the
reach of correction, save by extensive exposure. It seems
that some parties in New York have hit upon the expedient
of persuading emigrants who have arrived there to pur-
chase from them passage-tickets for such of their friends
and acquaintance as wish to follow them from this country
to America. The individuals who practice these frauds
have picked out, for insertion in their pretended tickets,
the name of a respectable house in Liverpool,—Messrs.
Rintoul and Zimmerman, of Atherton-buildings, Dale-
street,—whom they falsely represent as their agents. A
short time since a female, who had one of these
documents transmitted to her, came all the way from
Ballyshannon to this town, in the confident expecta-
tion that a passage had been secured for her. She 'had
expended all she was worth in her journey to this place, and
is now a fit object for the charity of the benevolent. The
ticket gives minute directions to the party as to the proceed-
ings to be taken in order to obtain the due fulfilment of the
pretended agreement, thus adding a cruel deception to the
original fraud. As Messrs. Rintoul and Zimmerman never
before heard of the names or existence of the parties who
.have taken it upon them to represent them as their agents,
and as they are not, in fact, emigrant agents for any party
whatever, nor in any way connected with the trade, the na-
ture of the imposition will immediately be perceived. Messrs.
Rintoul and Zimmerman have received, within the last few
days, numerous applications respecting passages to New York,
which afford proof that the frauds have been very extensively
practised in various parts of the country.
CHESTER ASSIZES.—Causes for trial must be entered on
the 15th August, and the trials will be proceeded upon at 10
o'clock in the forenoon of the lith. Lord Denman will pre-
side in the Nisi Prius Court.

There is a man in Bangor whose hair is so red and luminous
that his wife frequently starts up at midnight and imagines
it is sun rise—such a blazing halo does his head shed around
the room.—American paper.

By a return just laid before parliament, it appears that the
whole expense of the yeomanry in Great Britain in 1839 was
£90,786. The number of officers and men embodied was
14,119, making the average cost of each £6 Bs.

INCREASE OF POPULATION.—WhiIst the increase of po-
pulation in England and Wales, in 30 years, from 1801 to
1831, has been something more' than 47 per cent., the actual
increase in the number of inhabitants of five of our most
important provincial towns has very nearly doubled that rate,
being—

Manchester
Glasgow....
Liverpool..
Birmingham

109 per cent
108
100

—House of Commons Report

CURIOUS CIRCUMSTANCE.-Mr. Peter Turner, of Up-
perby, has been furnished with a singular exemplification of
the paternal affection of the feathered tribe in his turkey
cock. The hen turkey was engaged in sitting on her own
nest, and master jock, not to be behind hand, sat on one
turkey egg and two hen eggs. He brought all the three out,
but the juvenile turkey soon after died, and the two chickens
are now following their masculine mamma, which may be
seen at Mr. Thomas Turner's, Cross Keys, Upperby. It is
feared jock will discard the turkey hen, his former lady love,
from an idea that he can do without her ; the hen is evidently
jealous of her husband's new found powers of incubation.—
Carlisle Patriot.

The living which the Hon. and Rev. W. Herbert, the new
warden of Manchester college, will hold at Spofforth, in ad-
dition to his appointment, is of the value of £3,000 a year,
which, with his wardenship, will make an income of £6,000
a year, being nearly double many of the bishoprics.—Shef-
field Patriot.

A correspondent of the Alsace, at Baden, states that a few
days since a young man, a visiter of the baths, shot himself,
in despair at having lost 10,000 f. at the gaming-table. A
gentleman from Marseilles had lost 60,000 f. there at the
same time.

Since Oxford's trial a marked difference is observable in
the prisoner's appearance and manners. He appears much
more cheerful, and seems as if a considerable weight had
been removed from his mind. His manner towards the
turnkey who was in attendance on him was also somewhat
different to what it had been before the trial ; and he ceased
to continue that reserve which had previously marked his
conduct. He had been visited by his mother,-sister, and
both his uncles, and entered into a long history of the occur-
rence, and detailed the whole particulars relating to his ex-
ploits. On Saturday week an order was received by Mr.
Cope, the governor of Newgate, from the home-office, for
his immediate removal to Bethlehem Hospital. On receipt
of 'it, Mr. Cope proceeded to the cell of Oxford, and told
him to prepare for his removal, telling him at the same
time where he was going to take him. The prisoner did not
betray the slightest emotion on receiving the intimation, and
in a short time after, he was taken by Mr. Cope, in a hack-
ney coach, to St. George's-fields, and handed over to the
proper authorities of Bethlehem Hospital.—Times of yester-
day.

GRAVEDIGGERS AND THEIR " MANAGEMENT."—I have,
I think, sufficiently explained to my readers the " manage-
ment" of certain localities ; it is a rule with gravediggers to
avoid as much as possible, inhalino the gases given of by
the putrefaction of the dead. When bodies are inhumed,
and the slower dissipation of the products is interfered with
by the pick-axe or the shovel, the grave is left open until the
surrounding atmosphere has diluted the poison, or at least
the lighter products are driven off ; the heavier gases, those
that destroyed the men in Aldgate, are driven off by heat, or
absorbents are employed. In some instances they are " laded
up in buckets," and poured out on the surface, but in the
majority of instances heat is employed.--Gatherings from.
Grave Yards, by G. A. Walker, Surgeon.

THE QUEEN AND THE WILD BEASTS.—On this lattet
evening, pursuant to arrangements which had been made for
the purpose, our gracious mistress condescended to cross the
stage of the theatre for the purpose of seeing the animals in
their more excited and savage state during the operation of
feeding them. It is almost unnecessary to observe, that this
gratifying scene took place after the departure of the audi-
ence ; and that every possible caution was adopted for the
comparative comfort and seclusion of the royal visitor, which
the resources of the theatre permitted, such as enclosing the
entrance with crimson draperies, and carrpeting the stairs—
not merely to shut out the draught of the night-air, but to
exclude the prying gaze of the many stragglers who remained
behind in hopes of bearing testimony to so unprecedented a
compliment paid to the theatre. The animals had been kep'
purposely without food for six-and-thirty hours •
symptoms of which had become manifest during
Amburgh's performance, by the lion and the panther having
simultaneously attacked the lamb on its being placed in their
den; and they would have evidently made but a mouthful
apiece of it, had not their almost superhuman master lite-
rally lashed them into the most abject and crouching sub-
mission. The first portion of food thrown amongst them,
seized by the lion as a matter of priority, was enough to con-
vince any sceptic of the fearful savageness of their nature,
when out of the control of the one hand whose power they
Acknowledged. The rolling of the tiger's eye, while he was
devouring the massive lump of meat and bone, clutched be-
neath his fore-paws, seemed to possess the brilliancy as well
as rapidity of lightning ; and was only diverted by a tremen-
dous and sudden spring of the lion, who. having demolished
his own portion, seized upon what was left of his ferocious
neighbour's fare. The dash against the sides of the den
sounded like the felling of huge trees, and was enough by its
force and fury to shake the strongest nerves ; but it was a
positive fact, that while the boldest of the hearts in the royal
suite speedily retreated at this unexpected plunge of the forest
monarch, the youthful queen never moved either face or foot,
but with look undiverted, and still more deeply riveted, con-
tinued to gaze on the novel and moving spectacle.—The
Stage, by Mr. Bunn.

; strong
Mr. Van

A TURKISH JUSTICE.—Tut BET OF
an excellent post-house in the village; and the rain coritinunq,
through the day, we remained there till the next morning.
The postmaster was governor of Kifri, and of seven other
villages on the plain. He came in and spent the afternoon
with us, and his presence gave me a rare entertainment.
Every half-hour some one entered to present a complaint
against his neighbour, which was always done in the most
vociferous tones : the bey settled their difficulties in the
most summary manner, the complainant seldom staying more
than five minutes. One case was of a more delicate nature
than the others, but it was dispatched with almost equal cele-
rity. A man having divorced one wife and married another,
wished to take the first one again, and retain the second. The
former, having the liberty of refusal, declined the re-union,
and the man had urged his suit with unbecoming pertinacity.
The offended woman had now come to claim protection from
the governor ; and standing without, unseen, screamed forth
her complaint. When her story was ended, the bey replied,
" The man has one wife why does he want another ,
question seemed a strange one to come from a.tAlahommedanr
judge ; but in truth it was not so strange as appeared, for
everywhere
ahnedreniont'arsurp hade beenypolygalancycuisst?rared among
vthosee,.L m
aussul
com-
mon thing.—Southgate's Travels mmeTurkey and Persia,
just published.

We found

POISONOUS EXHALATIONS FROM CHURCH VAULTS.—A
lady died September ith, 1832, and was buried in the Rector's
vault, in St. —'s church, on the 14th. The undertaker
had occasion to go down into the vault, near the communion
table ; he had done the work of the church nearly thirty
years, and was well acquainted with the localities ; the grave-
digger had neglected to take up the slab which covered the
vault ; the undertaker being pressed for time, with the
assistance of the son of the deceased, removed the stone.
The two descended, taking with them a light, which was
almost instantly extinguished ; upon reaching the lower step of
the vault, both were simultaneously seized with sickness,
giddiness, trembling, and confusion of intellect ; the under-
taker raised his friend, who had fallen on the floor, and with
difficulty dragged him out of the vault ; he himself, although
a man previously in excellent health, was seized with vo-
miting the next day, and for twelve months rejected his food :
at the end of this period, after having been under the care of
many medical men, he consulted Dr. James Johnson, from
whom he derived great benefit,—the Doctor pronounced his
case to be one of poisoning, from mephitic gases. The
patient is convinced that his health has been completely
ruined from this cause ; he is now obliged, after a lapse of
seven years, "to live entirely by rule." The young gentle-
man who was with him, was subsequently under the care of
many medical men upwards of two years ; his principal
symptoms, those of a slow poison, developed themselves
gradually,-7but surely ; he was attacked
_with obstinate ul-
cerations of the throat, which were not removed until more
than two years had elapsed, although he had frequent change
of air, and the best medical assistance that could be obtained.
—Mr. Walker in Gatheringsfrom Grave Yards.

Vortvp.

WHERE AND WHAT- IS HE.

BY TUB ARV. J. B. 11`CREA

Say what is heaven, and where ?
Replies the untutor'd native of the West.
" 'Tis far beyond the purple mountains ; there
" Sires and their sons eternally are blest,
" Sailing in light canoe from place to place,
" Unscathed by storm, by hot sun unoppress'd ;
" With favourite bounds engaged in joyous chase,

" Or stretch'd on flowery banks in dreamless rest,
" No dread of white man-robber to molest."

Where? ask, and what is heaven ?
The scholar of the old philosophy.
He will convey you, at the silent even,
And point where seems to ope the golden sky,
And say, " Beyond that burnish'd coast are given
" Elysian fields of immortality
" To sages gone, for wisdom who have striven ;
"To heroes who have bled for liberty
" Matrons and maids of vestal purity."

What ? ask at Mecca's cave,
And where is Allah's envied paradise?
"Above the sixth-roofed heaven," replies the slave
Of luxury and lust, " the region lies."
He'll speak of sensual pleasures which the brave
And zealous for the prophet realize;
Where carnal appetite may nothing crave ;
Sounds meet the ear and beauty feasts the eyes
With ecstacy that nor abates nor dies.
But what and where is heaven ?
Say, taught of Christ. " That house unmade witl

hands,
" To all the ransomed by our Jesus given ;
"Within whose everlasting portals stands
" A throne of glory, circled by the blaze
" Of pristine seraphs and redeemed bands,
" Who cease not their united songs of praise
" To Him who honour'd all Divine commands,
" And groan'd, and died, and lives the Saviour of all
lands."

Waterloo, July, 1840

CONTEMPORARY PRESS.

THE DUKE OF SUSSEX AND THE REGENCY

BILL

(From the Morning Herald.)
Turn which way you will, the question in everybody's
mouth is, " What could the Duke of Sussex mean by
his speech on the Regency Bill ? " The speech is re-
ported with extraordinary accuracy, and it has been
read by the public with more than common attention ;
but every one, on putting the paper down, exclaims,
" What can all this be about ? " The speech had the
same puzzling effect on the House of Lords during and
after its delivery. Every noble lord seemed to want
time for reflection, not as to the discrection of his royal
highness coming out with such a speech on such an
occasion, but as to what he was driving at. They saw
that his royal highness is dissatisfied about something,
but they could not make out from his rambling address
what the something is. This is always the way with
people who have an object at heart which they do not
think it politic to avow. They beat about the bush, and
by doing so only draw public suspicion upon their mo-
tives. And here, en passant, may be mentioned a sin-
gular fact as illustrative of the confidence which the pub-
lic always repose in the long run upon well tried worth,
The Duke of Sussex appealed to the Duke of Welling-
ton in the most flattering terms, and the latter noble
duke answered the appeal by keeping his mouth closed.
The result is a general impression that the Duke of
Wellington disapproved of the course taken by his royal
highness ; and upon the strength of this impression
alone, combined with the laboured mystification of his
speech, the public - suspect his royal highness of hav-
ing been disappointed, and disappointed ambition
never gets credit for calm judgment or disinterested
purpose. That his royal highness is dissatisfied there
can be no doubt, for what man is not when he finds
the follies of youth turned into whips for his old age ?
The ministry have probably taken the wisest course
they could. It was utterly impossible for them, look-
ing to the disputed point of the legitimacy of Sir Augus-
tus d'Este alone, to have included the Duke of Sussex
in the arrangements for a regency ; and to have ex-
cluded him, in favour of a younger brother, would have
been an invidious act, which might have sown the bit-
ter seed of party feeling, where it is for the public wel-
fare that it should never be supposed even to exist.

THE COMMERCIAL RELATIONS OF GREAT

BRITAIN.
(From the Standard.)

the two pillars of the strength and greatness of the
United Kingdom are its maritime commerce and its
agriculture ; let either of these be shaken, and within
five years Great Britain sinks to the condition of a
third-rate power, and its manufactures are extinguished.
Yet these stays of national power and prosperity are
precisely the interests most violently assailed by modern
Liberalism, and assailed apparently for no better reason
than because they were to the despised " wisdom of our
ancestors" objects of peculiar care.
At present we say nothing of agriculture. We leave
the public to judge how safe that great interest is in the
hands of a divided government, if that government may
be said to be divided upon the subject, four-fifths of
which government is committed to the ruin of the
agricultural body.
The debate upon Lord Sandon's motion, however,
gives rise to grave reflections upon the state of our
maritime commerce. It is a narrow and false view of
the importance of that commerce which regards only
the number of pounds sterling it may bring into the
country. If it merely maintained itself, without adding
a farthing to the public wealth, the foreign commerce
of the nation is of immense value. The sailors of our
commercial marine are at least so many Englishmen,
provided for without charge to the country; and they
are so many Englishmen trained in the manner best
fitting them to defend us in time of danger. If the
number of these defenders of the country is diminish-
ing, even if it does not keep pace with the increase in
the population, marine, and armies of other countries,
then is the power of Great Britain retrograding—then
are we not merely not obviating, we are inviting the
hostility of other nations of the continent and of the
United States, some of which would willingly be our
friends, if we do not make them enemies by neglecting
our affairs. We have no jealousy of France, for exam-
ple, if only England maintain her position, which we
are convinced the King of the French wishes her to do.
Louis Philippe and the leaders of all the recognised
parties in France are at this moment eminently Con-
servative, and deeply impressed with the importance of
maintaining the peace of Europe, and the power of
England as the guarantee of that peace. We should,
therefore, be indifferent to the increase of the-commer-
cial and military marine of France, or rather we should
rejoice at it as an augmentation of the great Conserva-
tive armament of Christendom, if only Great Britain,
by increasing her marine of all kinds in the same pro-
portion, should ensure that France will remain Conser-
vative. But if we neglect our interests we compel our
anxious friends to become our enemies ; and nothing
but the recovery of our former position can prevent
France from sooner or later becoming once more the
ally of the great foe of England, of the enemy of
European civilisation, and of the liberty of mankind--
Russia. What chances there are of regaining the
place from which we have descended will be seen by
last night's debate.

THE QUEEN DOWAGER'S VISIT TO LEEDS.
(Prom the Leeds Intelligeneer.)
Her Majesty's reception in this thickly-populated
district must have been most gratifying to her feelings.
A vast mass of the working classes assembled in the
streets and roads adjacent, but not a whisper of dis-
respect was heard. On the contrary, those who had
on a never-to-be-forgotten occasion proposed " groans"
for her, were the subjects of popular ridicule and re.
probation. The reception on Wednesday was a full
compensation for former wrong.
In consequence of her Majesty's urgent desire to
be allowed to pass without display, and her refusal to
receive the addresses of public bodies, there were no
strictly public preparations, save the providing of a
military guard of honour. Yet the feeling of the in-
habitants could not be wholly restrained. Blue flags
were displayed from the windows of many houses, and
there were greetings in abundance, expressive of heart-
felt emotion. We understand that her Majesty was
deeply affected by the respectful. not to say delicate,
attentions of the immense crowd in Briggate. She had
met with the kindness of the British people- in other
parts of the country, and was therefore not wholly
unprepared ; yet she had not expected such unanimity
of regard in a purely manufacturing district, where it
would have been easy for any one to have given vent
to unwelcome sounds. If there were any "groaners
present, they were abashed by the general demeanour.
Her Majesty will look back upon her hasty passage
through our streets as one of the most agreeable oc-
currences of her not uneventful life.
Last year Queen Adelaide was charged with a desire
to beat up through. the country for popularity in oppo-
sition to Queen Victoria. That calumny is now effect-
ually put down. We have the assurance of Lord
Howe, in a letter to the Vicar of Leeds, that in no in-
stance whatever has her Majesty's desire to avoid pub-
lic demonstration been departed from. The clergy of
Leeds had prepared an address, and would have done
themselves the honour of presenting it, either at Leeds
or Harewood House; but, of course, the wishes of the
Queen were cheerfully complied with. Her Majesty's
attachment to the Established Church has been evinced
in many splendid instances of liberality.

Saturday, the 15th of August, is appointed for the launch-
ing of her Majesty's ship London, 92 guns, at Chatham. She
will carry on her lower deck six 63-pounders, and 26 322:
pounders; the main-deck four 68-pounders, and 30 3
pounders ; on the upper deck, 26 32-pounders.
JOURNEY TO IRELAND SIXTY YEARS AGO.—To the pro-
fiters by modern improvements, the following account of a
journey to Ireland, in Mr. Rowan's boyhood, may be accept-
able :—" Parkgate was the usual port from which passengers
sailed for Dublin. Those who chose to go by Holyhead
hired horses in Chester, which cost a moidore each • but
they only set out when six or seven passengers assembled.
At the ferry of Conway an old woman had a cabin, where
she lighted signals for the ferrymen to come over from the
town. To get to the boat you were obliged to take guides
along the shore, which they said abounded with dangerous
quicksands, changing with every tide. This was the first
day's journey : the next day you had to cross another ferry
to reach Bangor, and then cross over Penmaen Mawr ; or
if the tide was out, you went along the coast."—(Autobio:
graphy of H. Rowan.) A late 'lrish barrister was accus-
tomed to relate, that when he first visited England, to eat
his way to the bar, (about the period here mentioned,) the
whole journey to London occupied him three weeks !

DANK INC

TO THE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN.
Edinburgh, Bth July, 1840

So many proposals have been broached upon the subject of
improving our system of circulation, that, like most other
subjects, that have become the topics of the day, it has been
overlaid, and brought into utter and almost irremediable dis-
credit.
I shall advert to only a few of the most dangerous.
The introduction of ISSUES by GOVERNMENT has been
suggested by some, and argued very lately in a meeting of
merchants. It is yet more insane, if possible, than the
adoption of a SOLE BANK OF ISSIA, Because even suppos-
ing both to act with good faith to the best of their ability
(and that is a very violent supposition,*) where is the assur-
ance that either would soon know what they were doing?
The members of government in particular, are seldom if ever
BEN of BUSINESS • that is, men acquainted at once with
principle and detail. Whence, then, their power of con-
troul, whatever might be their wish ? They could have none.
They could not even have the proper anxiety ,—nor in the
proper quarter, nor the slightest idea of where they ought to
look for mischief ;—and if they had all these, have they time
to carry their wishes into effect? There can be no doubt,
that the confidence already placed in the government, in mat-
ters of detail, is not only unjustifiable but criminal, consider-
ing whence the money they have to deal with comes. Let
us do ANYTHING therefore, but add the issue of paper to
the mess. We should soon have the cooks of under-officers
keeping books of state-notes in their kitchen drawers, to pay
for their caps and coals, as has happened with respect to
bank-notes, where it was infinitely less to have been antici-
pated.
Another plan has been talked of,—namely, of making our
STANDARD in silver in place of gold.
The object of this is not explained,—perhaps it is not ex-
actly understood ; but it seems to be as follows. It is said
first that silver is the standard in other states ; a reason
without a reason, or it is a very indifferent one—and one, I
think, which we should never yield to. It is clear that, how-
ever nearly equal the value of gold and silver may be here
and in other states, the standard of value in all essentials
must ever be very dYferent, in a rich state having much
property bid many competitors for it, and in poor states
having neither. it is believed next, that silver being an ar-
ticle in greater abundance than gold, it would be less liable,
to fluctuation in value. But if it is more abundant, it is, I
think, in more general demand ; and if we make it necessary
it will be still more so. I have an impression on the other
hand, that gold being particularly valuable, is therefore par-
ticularly watched ; and consequently that fluctuations in it
are better guarded against than they would be in silver ; and
I have little doubt that this was the reason why it was fixed
upon as the standard of value in Britain. The result of
adopting silver as a standard would be, almost to banish gold
from circulation as a coin ; a circumstance that would cer-
tainly be attended with great inconvenience : and still,
though not the standard, gold would rule the standard ; for
silver being the commodity most exchangeable after gold,
would necessarily go out to find gold, the moment that it
should be particularly wanted.
But why- should we insist on fancying a mystery where
there is no mystery ? or why insist on only seeing the stan-
dard of value in symbols, when it is in reality in the things
represented? Gold and silver are formed into coins, it is

true, but they are also commodities—nothing else gives them
their real value. They are used as the medium of circula-
tion, but that does not deprive them of their actual and in-
herent character; it only gives them a value in two charac-
ters, as coins and as commodities. And it is here that our

confusion arises. If they are wanted as commodities (as
they often are,) their value in that currency may rise to any
height, and yet the currency of which they form a part, be
in a very sound and proper state ; and it should not be dis-
turbed, because they are in the meantime wanted. Yet this
rise in price as commodities, is what happens when they are
wanted abroad for any purpose, whether military or com-
mercial. It is then that they begin to go out; and our cur-
rency-doctors seeing this, begin immediately to fancy we
have too much currency, and to restrict its amount ; that is,
as I have said before, like tailors on horseback, they deter-
mine on reining up to the backbone, as if their steed were
bolting, when he only wants to have a frisk upon the foot-

path.
Again. If gold and silver sink as commodities, beneath
their value in coin, then again we think we have too much
circulation, and act precisely in the same manner, though the
cases are precisely reversed; though in the one case we have
too much bullion, and in the other we apprehend losing too
much. As there is no denying these facts, it is clear that the
ideas that lead to them must be erroneous. _ _

I shall give my opinion very clearly ; and it is, that in
whatever our circulating medium may be, its VALUE de-
pends, neither upon its ingredients, nor its amount per se,
but UPON ITS AMOUNT AND OUR OCCASIONS TOGETHER;

that the only way to make that value at all times equable, is
to keep the amount as nearly as we possibly can, equal to
our fair occasions ; and that the only way we can do this,
is, by Considering the amount in years when the value of the
circulation was fair, in connection with the business done in
those years, and the amount of the circulation, and the busi-
ness doing now. Our STANDARD would then be in every
great necessary of existence, instead of either in gold or
silver, which are really not necessaries at all, but only by
long consent held as their representatives.
To instruct, in some degree, the correctness of this, I may
observe. that ROTHSCHILD himself repeatedly said, that the
value of gold abroad, was no criterion of the value of our
circulation; and that there, if it is wanted, to pay armies in
particular, it must be had, and consequently, any price will
be paid for it. Our reasoning, then, should have been, that
the want was of a commodity, and nothing else, and that
only temporary ; and that the moment the money became
released from the military chests, it would flow again into
ordinary business, and everything would be as it had been
before. But this was too simple for our regulators of the
currency. Nothing, for them, in such circumstances, but a
pull at both ends ! Precisely as other people want the gold,
they consider it indispensable that we should keep it.• Then
they begin their " action upon the currency," as they term

it;that is to say, their contraction of the issues of paper, to
keep the gold in, precisely when they ought to have endea-
voured to find a substitute, that would have made its tempo-
rary absence as little injurious as possible.
But our next fear is, (and I shall not venture to say whe-
ther it is justified or not,) that if gold and silver are allowed
to escape, they are not easily regained.
One mode might be devised that would effectually insure
their return, and that is, a considerable seigniorage upon the
coin, making the metals included more valuable as coins, than
as commodities. Other countries have a seigniorage as high
as eight per cent., and in Belgium, under the late govern-
ment, many of the coins in use as silver, were merely copper-
washed. This insured their remaining in the country, for
they were of no value anywhere else, and a fair seignioruge
would equally secure their return.
I have often thought in consequence, that for a domestic
circulation, there could be no harm in allowing BANKS to
issue a metallic currency considerably under the standard, de-
positing security for the difference, and affixing the private
impress of the bank of issue, to show where its amount was
exigible in standard money. The banks would in this way
evade, in part, at least, the continual scourging of the foreign
speculator, and that would be much ; but it must be admit-
ted on the other hand, they would run the risk of perpetual
counterfeits, even in standard metals.
As far as coin is concerned therefore, our present system
is perhaps the best ; that is, a coin so near the full weight, as
to hold out no temptation to counterfeit in equal metal. And
I think, a circulation in paper, based as I propose, would go
far to keep us as nearly as possible, easy and fearless in all
circumstances ; for in all circumstances we should have an
instrument of exchange of undoubted value ; and in all events,
the following are obvious advantages of the plan I have pro-
posed.
The circulation would be made at once SAFE and UNEX-

PENSIVE ; its amount in paper would be limited, but its
general amount could at any time be added to, in the preci-
ous metals. It would be made to rest on the security of the
STATE, and yet the government could have no interference ;
the State would be a partaker in the gain from such a circu-
lation, and yet without a shadow of participation in the risk,
for it would take the situation of the sole Bank of Issues as
to profit, but have none of its power of regulation, (except
what an act of parliament would give), and none of its re-
sponsibility; the circulation would be distributed over the
country, and over a number of independent Banks, and nei-
ther power nor responsibility would be trusted to ONE BANS;
and so nothing like disaster, or even derangement, would be
the consequence of a casual failure (if such there could still
be,) for the vacancy so created would be eagerly sought by
others ; as the number of banks would be no longer unli-
mited, nor their business a lottery as it is at present. The

controul of the amount of issues would be rendered as com-
plete through money banks of issue as through a sole bank,
and yet the chance of scarcity would be evaded as completely,
as by having many mines and markets for gold, in place of
one. Lastly (and to a STATESMAN, interested in the pros-
perity of the country, or capable of judging what would lead
to it—this would seem of inestimable value), by beginning
the limitation of the debts of the state, to a
,fixed amount,

and at a moderate interest, the country would be entered
upon the path of relief, by making Its debts definite, though
far too high ; and the interest such as should be paid on such
a security.
I would remark farther, in case of misrepresentation and
thoughtless acquiescence, that the regulations proposed by
me, which may be deemed most severe, are at this moment
in practice, and on a very large scale; I mean in the case of
the BANK OF ENGLAND :—For it has for many years had
eleven millions of its capital deposited in guarantee of its
transactions, and that is equal to a guarantee by my plan of
twenty-two millions, the amount of its old circulation, in
place of its present circulation of about eighteen millions; it
has been deposited at the fixed amount of eleven millions, as
I farther propose, and at the reduced interest of three per
cent. ; all exceedingly valuable arrangements as I humbly
conceive. . .

So far, then, my plan is shown not only to be practical,
but in practice ; and that practice should never be departed
from, but made universal. I consider all my other proposals
equally practical, anti equally just and necessary. That they
will be adopted, I do not venture to hope for the present ;
the subject has been rendered too abstruse. I can only say
that I think they deserve to be adopted. There is not even
an incidental observation made by me that does not spring
from some important and well considerediorinciple ; and I
trust this will in time be seen. Meantime, in submitting
these propositions, as I have done, I have done a public ser-
vice ; and I hope it may, to a greater or less extent, be ren-
dered available to the public. D. BAIN.

* Though the burgo-masters of Holland were solemnly
sworn in succession to the preservation of the bullion of the
bank, it was found at last that almost the whole of it had
disappeared !

LADIES' TEETH.—The cause of ladies' teeth decaying at
so much earlier a stage of life than those of the other sex, is
attributable to the friction of the tongue upon them. hut,
according to the Hertford Courier, it is owing to the sweet-
ness of their lips, sitt is a fact well established by every
body's saying, that swee lips ruin the teeth.
EXTRAORDINARY DISCOVERY.—PARIS, JULY 2.—lt is
said that a very humble individual has found the means of
fixing the electric spark for public lighting, and that he can
produce a permanent flame of 30 inches in diameter, which
would light a great part of Paris. The only danger attending
it is said to be in the apparatus of supply, which must be iso-
lated, as it is so strongly charged that a person touching it
would be struck dead immediately.
THE llARvrwr.—On Tuesday last Mr. Stephens, of the
Barton of Park, in the parish of St. Clement, cut part of a
field of wheat of seven acres, and expects, if the weather con-
tinues fine, to cut the whole of it next week. The crop, we
' understand, is a fair one, and is likely, from the full and
heavy appearance of the ears, to yield well. This is the first
wheat that has been cut in this neighbourhood for this sea-
son, but there is another field that will be ripe shortly.—
West Bolton.

GILDING OF Mv.TAL%
goldmetiiod
—M.. de la Rive has succeededit in
s a s
ELIiCTRO-CIIEMICAL ACTION.
(obtained by
of this powerful action •
a solution of chloride ofgildingfomlloe‘tvasls:
a mixture of nitric and innriatbybe meanspours
dissolving gold in
and very dilute, into a cylindrical acid), as neutral as possible
then plunges the bag into a l. bag made of bladder; lie
slightly acidulated water, the metalst vessel. containing very
in the solution of gold, and communicatesl)e gilded is immersed
me-
tallic wire with a plate of zinc, whichi by means of
lated water. The process may be vasriPer din the acidu-
pleases, by placing the acidulated water and zinc t• 11 e operator
and the solution of gold with the metal to benC.o the bag,
glass vessel. In the course of about a minute, the
in the
metal
may be withdrawn, and wiped with a piece of linene-
rubbed briskly with the cloth, it. will be found to be s'liwgh'eny
gilded; after two or three similar immersions, the gilding
will be sufficiently thick to enable the operator to terminate
the process. —A theweum.