The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1841-04-13 00:00:00

THOUGHTS

They come when the sunlight
Is bright on the mountain ;
They come when the moonshine
Is white on the fountain;
At morn and at even,
By minutes and hours,

But not as they once were,
Of birds and of flowers.

They come when some token
Of past days will rise,
As a link to the present,
And then they bring sighs ;
They come when some dreaming
Through hopes and through fears,
Rushes on to the future,
And then they bring tears.

They come when the sea-mist

O'er ocean is rife,
And they tell of the shadow
That hangs over life ;
They come when the storm,
In thunder and gloom,
Spreads around, and they speak
Of the earth and the tomb.

They come when the ripple
Is low on the lake,
And the plover is nestling
By fountain or brake ;
And the twilight looks out
With a star on its breast,
And they whisper, that all
But themselves are at rest

They come when the low breeze
Is fanning the leaves ;
They come when the flower-cup
The dew-drop receives;
By night's noon-tide silence,
By day's noon-tide hum,
At all times, oh! deeply
And darkly they come.

LITERARY NOTICES.

Fraser's Magazine for April.

The number for the present month will be found well wor.
thy of perusal, both by the grave and the gay, It contains
some well written political papers, and an agreeable quantity
of miscellaneous and lighter reading. The first article, head-
ed " The Poor Law Commission must be determined," con-
tains a variety of painful tacts, shewing the pernicious and
cruel " working," particularly in large towns, of the poor
law amendment act, with which Liverpool is unhappily to be
ere long inflicted. The growing unpopularity of the measure
throughout the country is amply demonstrated, and the wri-
ter clearly exposes the mischiefs that arise from it, not only
in grinding the faces of the poor. but in entailing additional
burthens on the rate-payers ; and he argues from these re-
sults, and the feeling lately expressed in parliament, that the
outrageously unconstitutional and expensive poor law com-
mission must be put an end to, and a system introduced (an
improvement of the old law of Elizabeth) more congenial to
the generous feelings of Englishmen, and better calculated to
effectually and humanely relieve the wants of the suffering
poor. The " Remarks on the latest Biographer of our
Poets" (" Lives of the British Poets, by Robert Bell, in
Lardner's Cyclopedia") are evidently from the pen of a wri-
ter who has long and ardently devoted himself to the study
of English poetry, and brings a well-cultivated mind to the
task of exposing the fallacious misconceptions of Mr. Bell.
whom he severely castigates for his ignorance of the works
he professes to criticise. The article contains interesting
anecdotes and reminiscences of Dryden, Collins, Brooke,
Prior, Pope, Walsh, Young, Akenside, &c., also the vindi-
cation of Young. The Condemned Cells," chapter viii.,
embodies the " Confessions of a Swindler," and will amuse
those who delight in, to us, the rather painful disclosures of
the " secrets of the prison house." The " Specimen Leaders
of a would-be Editor" contain some happy hits on the tone
and mannerisms of some of the leading London journals.
The biography of that gallant soldier of the 18th century,
Marshal Saxe, is equal in interest to the " tableaux" that
have preceded it, and is well drawn up. One of the best ar-
ticles in the number is " War with America a blessing to
Mankind." The author combats the too fashionable opinion
that our armaments are so powerful, and America so weak,
that we could readily, by pursuing the old mode of warfare,
crush up that great and populous continent. He, on the con-
trary, apprehends great evils, great loss in life,-treasure, and
commerce from a war so conducted, which would necessarily
be protracted, and points out a mode by which he conceives,
if war must be waged, it may speedily be terminated, with
honour to this country, and final advantage to America her-
self. After supplying from authentic sources some horrify-
ing details of the treatment of the slave population of the
southern states by their owners, which amounts to three
millions of beings, he•says—
Such is the SIN and the WEAKNESS of America. It may
be a doubtful point, how far 'another nation would be justi-
fied, in a time of peace, in embarking in a crusade of philan-
thropy, and endeavouring to coerce an independent people
into the relinquishment of a national sin. But what possible
doubt can exist as to the propriety, the expediency—nay, the
absolute duty, of making a war subservient to the great and
preeminent object of freeing these three millions of cruelly
oppressed human beings ?
Policy, too, not less than philanthropy, prescribes such a
course of warfare. By this mode, and this only, a war with
America might be brought to a speedy and inevitably trium-
phant close. As we have already observed, a struggle be.
tween the people of England and their descendants in Ame-
rica must be a fearful, a protracted, and a lamentable one.
But if assailed in this quarter, a vital part is instantly and
surely reached—the Union is dissolved, and the war is at an
end

Among the three millions of slaves, we may fairly calculate
the adult males at nearly one million. Every man of all this
multitude would eagerly rush to embrace an emancipating
invader, and within a few days' sail of their coast repose the
free and happy blacks of Jamaica. In one morning a force
of ten thousand men might be raised in this quarter, for the
enfranchisement of their brethren in America. Such a force,
supported by two battalions of Englishmen, and supplied with
2(1,000 muskets, would establish themselves in Carolina,
never to be removed. In three weeks from their appearance,
the entire south would be in one conflagration. The chains
of a million of men would be broken, and by what power
could they ever be again riveted ?
We have not space to notice the remaining articles ; but
we can recommend the number as one of the best we have
recently perused.

Smallwood's Magazine. Smallwood, Bond-slreet, London.
What a new and fertile field the penny post system has
opened to almost every trade, to feed and fatten upon ! In
none more than that connected with literature has exertion,
energy, and enterprise been awakened. The magazine now
lying before us is one of the instances in which her Majesty's
mail is made a publication distributor, instead of the book-
seller's boy. A magazine by post!—according to the old
scale, it would cost a ruinous sum sent by that mode. But
to the magazine itself ;—not having seen the first two num-
bers, we are not so well able to judge of the merits of the
articles continued in the present one; but our contemporaries,
who have had that opportunity, speak highly of their com-
mencement. The opening article, " Philosophy in its rela-
tion with Christian Intellectualism:" by James A. Morris,
is a decidedly clever arid argumentative essay : the reasoning
is close and highly philosophic. " The Dentist of Frankfort"
is a continuation of a story. Of this we cannot judge for the
reason assigned previously. " Blind Man's Buff" is a poem
in the muanic style—smart and racy. " Rich Relations" is
a capital story, shewing the evils of courting such " kind of
folk." " The Recollections of a Silver Teapot" is a brusque,
well told story, not without a moral. " Fragments from the
Diary of a French Maniac" are, in spite of the subject, ex-
tremely laughable and absurd. " Nicotiana Tabacum,, is
an amusing and instructive paper upon tobacco—highly pleas-
ing to those who use the filthy weed in its three nasty modes

of consumption, " Napoleon's Manners" is a slight histo-
riette, which has a " most impotent and lame conclusion."
" The Vestal's Dream," by James A. Morris, is a clever
poem, chewing the author's erudition. It is rayther Tom
Mooreish in construction and sentiment. The number con-
eludes with an article on the Drama, and Reviews of Books.
Taking it altogether, this is an arousing stranger, and " as a
stranger we give it welcome." It will be read for its merits,
and taken for its price.

TO THE CONSTITUENCIES OF PROTESTANT

ENGLAND.-LETTER IN

FELLOW PROTESTANTS

It is evident that such a body as will be returned by the
purely Popish constituencies of Ireland, under the operation
of Lord Morpeth's Bill, can never with safety be allowed to
sit in a British Parliament. It was never calculated by the
bill of 1829 that such a body should be returned for Ireland.
Under that bill the constituencies contained at least some
portion of the influence of Protestantism. The influence of
the land was Protestant ; a Protestant yeomanry still existed;
and, allowing for all the exertions which could be used by the
priesthood, it was still calculated that a small share of the
representation would be left in the hands of those interested
in the maintenance of Protestantism and in the preservation
of the British connexion. Whilst this check existed in the
constituencies, the practical evils of allowing Popish mem-
bers to sit as representatives in parliament were lessened.
But when the constituencies shall have become, by this bill,
entirely Popish, the people of England can no longer tolerate,
and ought no longer to tolerate, that the representative body
should be also Popish. Somewhere there must exist a gua-
rantee that faith will be kept with us, that Protestantism in
the constitution will be held inviolate. And if we no longer
possess that guarantee in the circumstance of property in the
soil being a component portion of the constituencies, we must
inevitably be driven to insist upon possessing it in the Pro-
testantism of the representative body itself.
It is no longer a question of speculation whether Roman
Catholic members of parliament can be relied upon► to excl.-.
cise the power, which we have given them by the bill of 1829,
—and which we increase by this bill—in accordance with the
' interests of the people of England. Putting out of view all
those questions which affect immediately the existence of
that church establishment which they have sworn to respect;
putting out of view all questions which relate immediately to
the aggrandizement of their own church—questions which he
must have been a madman who ever supposed that they
would legislate upon with any other than a sectarian spirit—
is it not an undeniable fact, I ask, that on every other—on
questions of purely social bearing, and upon which the inte-
rests of the people of England alone are concerned—they
have throughout displayed the same punic faith--the same
utter disregard of constitutional principle and justice ? What
party or what class of Englishmen have ever trusted them
without being betrayed ? None, I reply. From the period
of their betrayal of the factory children, for a valuable con-
sideration paid into the hands of their leader, the member
for Dublin—to their betrayal of the poor of England into the
gripe of the Somerset House tyranny during the past week,
the history of their career in the House of Commons has been
one long and disgusting falsehood—one revolting and loath-
some treachery. Has there been a ministerial job to be
enacted, an instance of profligate expenditure of the public
money to be defended, an insult to the national honour to he
glossed over, or an act of national injustice to be perpretrated,
the Popish body within the walls of parliament has furnished
the ready instrument for any and every indecency with which
an infamous faction has dared to insult the people of Eng-
land. And although ready to intrude their counsel into mat-
ters affecting our religion, our hearths, and our homes—to
throw their filthy slime over the wives and daughters of our
love—to scoff at our social feelings, and to libel and degrade
us, as men and as Christians, in the eyes of mankind ;—if we
have ever presumed—if, as legislators for the United King-
dom, the British Parliament has at any time presumed to
stand between Popery and her slaves whom she grinds be-
neath her truculent tyranny ; one after another we have seen
the members of that body rise from their usurped seats to
dare us to interfere with the developement of their treasona-
ble plots, or to bully us into submission to their restless en-
croachments upon our liberties and our religion.
The continuance of such a body in the united-parliament
of Great Britain and Ireland is manifestly incompatible with
the mere social good government of the people of England,
putting out of view even the preservation of the established
Protestant religion of the realm. And, with such a body,
as the representatives of the people of Ireland, the British
parliament will become equally incapacitated to legislate for
the social good of that people. Placed in antagonism, upon
all British questions, with the majority of British represen-
tatives, and unwilling to originate themselves any measures
of merely social improvement, the Irish members and the

Irish people will at length find just reason to complain that
their interests meet with no sympathy in the parliament of
the United Kingdom ; and the question of repeal of the
union—the demand for a separate legislature—will then,
perhaps, be agitated with some shew of justice, and may be
defended upon some grounds of expediency. The concession
of such a demand, by a British parliament, may appear 'im-
probable to us at present; but can we imagine under what
harassing provocation such a body, at no distant period, may
be brought to legislate? May we not imagine the arrival of

a period when the representatives of constituencies, whose
social interests are allowed to be totally neglected in the
struggle of Popery for aggrandisement, will turn readily to
any change which will release them from the tyranny which
overrides them, even although that change involves the dis-
memberment of a portion of the empire ? i fear we may ;
nay, I believe most firmly that to such a result it is which
Popery looks as a portion of her contemplated triumph. She
looks to a period at which Ireland—her church and the pro-
perty of her Protestant landowners—shall be handed over to
the tender mercies of the Romish priesthood and a Romish
democracy ; she burns to witness the establishment of a
Popish kingdom within the circle of the British crown ; and
she has bent all her energies—and the bill of Lord Morpeth
is her greatest—to win that object by fraud and circumven-
tion which she dare not attempt, and which she would never
be allowed, to win by force of arms.

A repeal of the bill of 1829, then, or a repeal of the union
between Great Britain and Ireland ? Fellow Protestants,
behold the alternatives which are left to your acceptance
after the passing of Lord Morpeth's bill ! The repeal of a
legislative enactment passed only twelve years ago,—every
condition of which has been violated by those to whom it
was conceded, every result of which has falsified your own
hopes and verified your worst feaq,—or a struggle at the

point of the bayonet to preserve the integrity of the British

empire ! Can there be a doubt as to your choice ? There
cannot. There can be no question except as to the time
when the struggle for repeal must begin—unless there be
also a question whether the bayonet will not have to decide
the question in either case. Let that question, however,

answer itself. The present is no time for faint-hearted po-
licy. If the struggle must come—why, let it come; and
upon the heads of those who have precipitated it, let the
blood and tears which will follow in its track cry for judg-
ment ! The question which you have to decide is, whether
you will return now to the " ancient ways" of the constitu-

Lion—whether you will receive the passing of Lord Morpeth's
bill as the last outrage upon your patience, and step forth
boldly to demand, as the accompaniment of that measure,
the only guarantee of safety which is left for the Protestant

faith of Great Britain and Ireland; or you will wait until
one portion of that faith is irrevocably destroyed—until the
Church of Ireland is hopelessly prostrated—until the loyal
yeomanry of that unhappy land are exterminated by mid-

night outrage, or alienated from the devoted loyalty with
which they look up for protection to the British throne, and
to the sympathy of their Protestant brethren in this land.

This question only—the question of time—it is, which you
have now to decide ; and upon that decision may depend the
amount of difficulty and of danger, of misery and blood,
which you may have to encounter.

I feel, and feel deeply, the individual responsibility of re-
commending a course of action which involves such great re-
sults. I am well inclined to believe that the repeal of the
bill of 1829, under any circumstances, is a measure only to
be resorted to in the last extremity. But I contend that the
passing of Lord Morpeth's bill will have brought ua to that
last extremity ; and that to the faction which, for venal and
selfish objects, has originated that bill, will be justly due the
crushing weight of retribution which must fall. We have
not sought the repeal of the bill of 1829, even whilst
lamenting and protesting against the abuses which have re-
sulted from it. No; we left the gradual removal of those
abuses to the correcting hand of time. We trusted in the
silent progress of public opinion operating through the
medium of the existing constitution of the country. We

trusted in the truth of our Protestant faith—in the stability
of the rock upon which we had planted the standard of our

liberties. Have we been deceived in our trust ? Have we
written our testimony in the sand ? Has our rock moved
from its base? No—we repeat emphatically—No! " The
truth is great," and it would have prevailed—nay, it was al-
ready prevailing. Throughout England, Scotland, and—
Ireland even—in that very stronghold of the accursed princi-

le of popery—the sound and healthy action of the constitu-
,on was gradually returning, until a worthless and reckless

faction stretched out its hand to let loose upon us anew the
destroying waters—to bring in upon us " devils stronger than
the first." Upon that faction it is that we fling hack the re-
sponsibility of the evils which we may wake in our progress
to stay the entrance of the flood ;—to that faction, steeped
in treason and in crime, we may paint as the authors of all

e heartburnings, and even the violence and bloodshed

which may meet us in our course

But no such evils, 1 trust, will meet us; and if even they
do, we have justice at our side. lam unwilling to believe
that the great bulk of the Irish people sympathise in the fe-
rocious insults levelled, day by day, against the creed and

the persons of the British people by the ruffian agitators,
whose ceaseless it is to bring about those results with
which they menace us. On the contrary, I am far from be-
ing satisfied that a great portion of the really estimable peo-
ple of that unhappy land are not weary of the possession of
a privilege which brings with it fever and contention, instead
of health and peace. What social benefit has Ireland gained
from the introduction of her demagogues into the British
parliament. Not one ! Not one, at least, which she would

not have received, with increased measure, from the tin-
prompted sympathies of British legislators. If she has made
one step, within the last 20 years of agitation, towards im-
provement, I defy the loudest of her boasted friends to point
to that step as the result, directly or indirei:tly, of the efforts
of their Popish demagogues, or their liberattillies. I defy
them to point to one measure of pretended social improve-
ment, Which they have not converted into an instrument of
social torture. No, no : the day has gone by when the pre-
tences of these glib-tongued traders in the credulity of their
fellow-countrymen could win any great portion of confidence
from the respectable and influential people of Ireland ; and
the instances of cowardice and betrayal, which marked the
unhappy period of 1798, are not yet forgotten in the memory
of those who, unreflecting and ignorant, might he induced
for a moment to harbour the thoughts of violence which
Rome, in the agony of her discomfiture, may seek to encou-
rage.

We have no serious calamity to fear from Ireland, dis-
tasteful to her though the repeal of the bill of 1829 would be,
which may not equally be feared as the consequences of re-
fusal, on the part of the legislature, to gratify the slightest
demand of her insolent priesthood. The only serious cala-
mity which mould result to Great Britain would be brought
on by a postponement of the time at which that repeal should
be demanded. At present we possess. in Ireland a strong
body of loyal Protestants, friends of the British connexion,
true hearted, tried and trusty men, who have once before
freely shed their blood in our behalf, and in behalf of their
faith. Against such a body, aided by the power of the Bri-
tish empire, treason might in vain point the musket, or whet
the pike. But if we allow that loyal body to be alienated
from us—if we suffer the democratic bill of Lord Morpeth
to disgust and to crush that body beneath the feet of trucu-
lent popery ; then, indeed, we may have to enter upon a
straggle in which, although the result may perhaps be not
doubtful, yet the value of success would be doubtful indeed.
And if we procrastinate still longer ;—if we allow the same
democratic principles to be introduced into the bosom of
England herseW, the struggle to retrieve the ruined fortunes
of protestantism in Ireland will become hopeless altogether,
until we are driven to risk our all upon one decisive field ; to
strike for our own altars, and to fight by our own desolated
hearthstones!

Fellow Protestants, can you allow such a calamity, in
open day, and with the voice of warning in your cars, to
approach your liberties, and to invade your dwellings ? You
cannot ! The time to gird on the armour of the constitu-
tion—if you wish to avert the arrival of a fierce rebellion—is

And when the last daring defiance of your strength
is uttered by the lips of popery ; when the bill of Lord Mor-
peth is flung insultingly in your face by the recreant hands of
this base and unprincipled faction ; Let England through all
her hills arid vallies echo back your indignant resolve to
STAND FIRM FOR THE CONSTITUTION ! Let the deathless
words of the boys of Derry startle the ear of popery, as they
rise in the proud and fearless shout of—" No SURRENDER."
A PROTESTANT ENGLISH MAN.
Liveipool, 27th March, 1841.

THE LIVERPOOL PERMANENT GALLERY

OF ART,

We are glad to find that the prospect of a permanent gal-
lery of art in Liverpool is likely to be established. If those
who possess, or pretend to possess, a love for the fine arts
will only now bestir themselves, the happiest results will en-
sue, and however small the gallery may be at first, it will at
any rate be a nucleus which our children and children's chil-
dren will prove grateful to us for forming. Most gratifying
is the following extract from the report of the Royal Insti-
tion

"At the last annual meeting, the committee were autho-
rised to expend the sum of £1,200 in the formation of a per-
manent Gallery of Art, provided that a corresponding amount
were subscribed by the public. Your committee lost no time
in procuring the plans and estimates for the building, and in
making their appeal to the public for assistance, having little
doubt that the required sum would be quickly subscribed. In
this expectation they were for a time disappointed ; the sub-
scriptions received fell far short of the amount calculated
upon, and your: committee were seriously apprehensive that
the project must be abandoned. Within a very short period,
however, of the present time, their prospects have greatly
brightened. Many additional subscriptions—some most li-
beral in their amount—have been received ; and they now
fully anticipate that, when next they meet the proprietors, a
gallery will be completed on a scale creditable to the Institu-
tion and the town of Liverpool."
The formation of a permanent gallery of art in Liverpool
would give us and many more, inexpressible delight. We
have so frequently expressed our opinions upon the subject
of the influence of the fine arts upon society, that we feel
unwilling to obtrude them again on our readers. But the
contemplation of the works of the great masters of painting,
those

" Rare artisans, whose pencils move
Not our delights alone, but love,"
is one that will repay any one for the time the/bestow upon
it. That which becomes at first a mere pastime and an idle
amusement, will at length become a passion—and a study,
as varied and interesting as any other which can excite or en-
gage the teeming and inquisitive mind.
The artists of this town—and there are some who show a
promise of future excellence—ought warmly to enlist their
wealthy friends to promote the establishment of a permanent
gallery of art, for they will be most materially benefitted.
How can they improve themselves without carefully studying
the works of those perfections of art which time has stamped
as invaluable, and judgment has declared to be genuine ?
How can they expect to excel without observing and ex-
amining to the very groundwork those brilliant efforts—those
immortal productions held in such high veneration and es-
teem ? The artists of the present day in vain attempt to out-
strip those illustrious Prometheuses whose magic pencils and
whose busy fancies have given life to their subjects and vigour
to their canvas. Let not modern painters, as is too often the
case, decry the.works of the ancients and those of the middle
ages. Let not the artists of our time, who contemplate with
such serenity and ineffable delight their own works—many
of which, when compared to those they attempt to decry,
are mere daubs—despise and condemn their predecessors,
but rather let them hold them up as worthy of imitation, and
as standards of that perfection which their emulation should
stimulate them to approach, for they cannot excel in excel-
lence. In a mercantile community like ours, although our
merchants and tradesmen are deeply engaged in the soul-
absorbing occupation of making money, we hope that they
still cherish a wish to see the arts and sciences flourish. The
first show their taste in their private mansions and dwellings,
and whoever walks through our streets must be struck with
the architectural beauty of the buildings, while the shops of
the latter display taste in the arrangement of wares and the
mode of placing them in a tempting and pleasing as well as
effective position. And are not these signs of taste existing ?
Most assuredly. And a constant observation of the works
of imagination or reality will improve and encourage that
taste.

Let us look at a picture, and see how many trades derive
a profit from it, before it is placed with its pleasing face be-
fore the spectator. To begin with the frame. The ship-
owner is interested, to say nothing of the growers and the
hewers of the wood, for his vessel brings it over sea. It then

passes through the hands of the merchant, broker, and deal-
er, before it comes into the hands of the frame-maker ; and
he requires the aid of the glue-maker and the tool-manufac-
turer before he can put it together. Then comes the canvas.
The shipowner has to bring over the material of which it is
constructed ; and what a train of trades must it not pass
through before it can come into the painter's hands, w ith its
groundwork prepared? Next we havelthe colours, varnishes,
brushes, and palettes, by which an almost endless variety of
trades are brought into requisition before they can be used,
and the artist seat himself to ponder upon and work out his
subject. When finished, the gilder, with another string of
trades at his heels, must be employed. And then there is
the artist himself. His class—composed of numerous and
highly intellectual men—deserves encouragement in every
way ; and we must confess that we like to look upon speci-
mens of his handiwork, from the rough and rude production
of a self-taught village limner, as it hangs:in the cottage of
the peasant, to the matchless production of a Correggio
adorning the walls of a palace.
Let not the scheme of a permanent gallery of art be neg-
lected. An opportunity now occurs of commencing it, by
the purchase of a matchless specimen or two from a noble
collection now in this town ; and if it can only be once com-
menced, we know that in the course of a very few years it
will become the pride and boast of the port of Liverpool.
Strangers will inquire for it as the first object worthy of no-
tice ; and while they will admire us for our enterprise as
commercialists, they will honour us for our taste.

Trix MnANNEss OF PRIDE. - Sir Lambert Blackwel
and the Duke of St. Alban's strove which could outshine
the other in parade and splendour. On one occasion, the
Duke being engaged to dine with the Knight, found him
dressed in a most superb brocade of Lyons manufacture.
Shortly afterwards, the Knight returned the visit, and the
Duke had taken care to provide a suit of clothes of the same
costly materials for the servant who waited behind his chair.
—On this subject, there is a good anecdote reported of
Diogenes. Being once at Olympia, he perceived at that ce-
lebrated festival, some young men of Rhodes arrayed most
magnificently. Smiling he exclaimed, " This is pride !"
Afterwards meeting with some Lacedernonians in a mean
and sordid dress, he said, " And this also is pride !"
Diogenes,; nevertheless, went not without his rubs' on the
same vanity. Visiting Plato at his villa, and perceiving that
the floors were beautifully spread with carpets of the richest
wool and finest dye, stamped his foot with sardonic scorn,
he exclaimed, " Thus do I tread on the pride of Plato !"
With greater pride !" mildly replied the discerning Plato.

VALE OF CLWYD.—The fertile tract of valley in which
St. Asaph is situated, known as the Vale of Clwyd, extends
not less than twenty-five miles in length, and varies from six
to eight in width. It commences beyond Ruthin, and run-
ning northward, contains also the towns of Denbigh and St.
Asaph, coming to a termination at Rhuddlan, where the
Clwyd becomes a tide river. The first burst of the valley of
the Clwyd, as it opens on the spectator from beneath the
ruins of Diserth Castle, is surpassingly beautiful. North-
ward is a length of twelve miles of coast, forming the boundary
of the vale, with the sea beyond ; immediately below, a rich
tract of land, dotted over with farms, the river, winding its
course beneath the Castle of Rhuddlan, which carries the
eye towards the sterile district around the rapidly rising town
of Rhvl ; on the opposite side of the vale, Gwrych Castle is
seen, perched like an eagles nest on the side of a rock—the
town of Abergely—Kinmel, the sumptuous abode of Lord
Dinorben—the tower of Bodlewyddan Castle, peeping over
a forest of oak—Pengwern, the reaidence of Lord Mostyn,
and,
ath edral
_ r terminatingronit
the
osseceonee,s Wales, new edition,, the bold outline of St. Asaph
C
now pub-
lishing in monthly parts.

SKETCH OF CRESSWELL CRESSWELL, ESQ.,

M.P. FOR LIVERPOOL.

The idea of writing a sketch of Mr. Cresswell, M.P.
for Liverpool, (says a correspondent of the Britannia,)
has led me to make one observation, which, on consi-
deration, I find to be well founded ; there are no rising
young men on the liberal, side of the House of Com-
mons. By rising young men it is understood young
men likely to rise in the house on the score of their
parliamentary abilities. Of a certain class of rising
young men there are some individuals on that side, of
course; but the claims on which their prospects are
founded are of a very different kind. Such men are,
for instance, Mr. Tom Duncombe, Mr. Wakley, Mr.
Hawes, et id genus omne. Perhaps, also, one might ex-
cept from the sweeping censure a few individuals, such
as Mr. Charles ISullgr, or Mr. Vernon Smith, a gentle-
man of considerable ability, who is, unfortunately, ra-
pidly dwindling down into a government hack; but
their pretensions are not of that order to excite the
hopes of the public with regard to their probable fu-
ture efforts. On the conservative side, however, there
are several members who may be fairly looked upon as
rising men—men who have already established their
title to the reputation of talent, and who would be
trusted, should any of the present leaders retire, or
should the public, from any unforseen circumstances,
be deprived of their services. To pass over Sir. Wm.
Follett, whose parliamentary standing is already among
the highest, there are on the conservative side such
men as Mr. Gladstone, Mr. Thesiger, Mr. Fitzroy
Kelly, Mr. Milnes, all of whom fairly belong to the
class of members already indicated. It might be worth
while to inquire into the cause of this apparent ano-
maly, for if the principles of liberalism are what they
are vaunted to be, surely they ought to attract all the
young, ardent, and talented minds of the country, and
conservative principles on the other hand ought to be
embraced only by the worn-out minds, the ignorant,
the bigoted, and the prejudiced. The solution lies in
the fact, that men seldom evince talents, as they seldom
achieve wit, unless they have fixed ideas and principles
which their wit or their talent are employed in illus-
trating. The wittifist man is generally he who has a
humorously bigoted attachment to some leading idea
or prejudice, and his wit consists in placing that idea
or prejudice in all imaginable shapes, and so eliciting
amusement; either by the inherent ludicrousness of his
views or their pointed contrast with the opposite ideas.
So, in the more ordinary operations of the mind, he
who is engaged in illustrating a foregone conclusion,
has more scope for his talents and more means of dis-
playing their ingenuity and variety than he who is
wandering in a sea of doubt without principle for his
guide, and who must first convince himself of the

truth or rationality of what he is about to utter before
he dare submit it to the comprehension of his auditor.
1 am inclined to think that this circumstance will be
found to account in a great measure for the great su-
periority of talent on the conservative side. It might
be said that education is on their side, but that only
makes more strongly for the argument, to say nothing
of the fact that some of the most effective speakers on
the liberal side are men who have never received a re-
gular classical education. Mr. Cresswell is certainly a
rising member on the conservative side, and his suc-
cessful advocacy of the long-disputed Danish claims,
on a late occasion, renders him an object of temporary
interest. He is a man much valued by his party, be-
cause he brought into parliament a considerable legal
reputation, which was the immediate cause of his elec-
tion for the second commercial community in the
empire. He by no means requires, however, that
claim, in order to make him a valued representative;
for during his short parliamentary career he has dis-
played talents for business, and a tact and self-posses-
sion as a speaker, which make him a man very fit to be
trusted where those qualities are particularly required.
He never says too much on a subject, and what he
does say is complete in itself, and quite to the point.
It would be well for the public could other honourable
members be brought into the same state of sanity ;
there would be fewer long speeches, more practical
business would be done, and constituencies would not
be so often deceived. From these remarks it will be
inferred that Mr. Cresswell does not aspire to play the
orator—a quality which, in these days of bungling
tyroism, amounts to a positive virtue. Such men are
invaluable; men who come into parliament, not to dis-
play themselves before the public eye, but to practically
serve their constituents to the best of their ability.
They disdain to make cats'-paws of the newspaper re-
porters, by delivering speeches eternally, in order to
save themselves the trouble and expense of visiting
their constituents. Mr. Cresswell, in fact, generally
confines his parliamentary efforts to questions either
directly interesting to his own constituents, or to the
whole mercantile world, except when some legal sub-
ject is before the house, on which his experience would
be of value. When called upon, by the exigencies of
party, to speak on the great party topics, though he al-
was acquits himself well, yet he does not seem to take
a pleasure in that kind of occupation. His style of
speaking is plain and straightforward; and, I would
also add, quite unaffected, but for a peculiar manner
which he has, that might go to contradict the latter as-

sumption, were it not that I believe the peculiarity to
be one of manner only. For Mr. Cresswell's mind is
quite masculine, and is really utterly incapable of any-
thing like affectation, being decidedly a practical man.
But those who have observed him pleading in a court
of law will recognise what I allude to, when I say that
he has a peculiarly effeminate mode of address that
would lead you to believe him affected. It was a long
time before I could get over the black kiel gloves in
which it is his pleasure to plead, or the habit which he
has of constantly pressing together the gloved and ex-
tended fingers of both hands in an angle upwards from
his chest, like a pert dogmatist propounding. Yet I
do really believe that he is not affected, and that his
apparent effeminacy proceeds only from an excessive
politeness of disposition. In fact, his style of address,
whether at the bar or in the house, resembles that of
an amiable and accomplished gentleman in a ball-room,
talking complimentary badinage to a pretty woman, of
whom he does not stand very much in awe. Mr.
Cresswell's personal appearance goes, perhaps, to help
this delusion, for he is more handsome than the gene-
rality of men, has fine eyes, and a -fine set of teeth,
which as he is a good-natured man, and almost always
laughing, he constantly displays very much, to the im-
provement of the general expression of the counte-
nance. His forehead is high. and intelligent, and his
eyebrows are particularly well marked, and arched.
He is well, if not symmetrically, made, and his whole
appearance is as unlike that of a successful lawyer as
can be well conceived. I should prefer not to have
him my rival in a love affair. Strange to say, he
always dresses soberly in deep black;, but, neverthe-
less, I should say he takes great pains in tying his
neckcloth. The events of Mr. Cresswell's life up to
his entrance into parliament, were confined to his suc-
cesses at the bar, which were latterly very rapid. He
is a Queen's counsel. His return for Liverpool took
place in 1837, when he ousted Mr. Ewart. He is the
son of a gentleman named Easterby, resident at Black-
heath, who took the name of Cresswell, on marrying
an heiress of that name.

THE PRACTICE OF NAVIGATION

(Front the Times.)

Desirous at all times to call attention to every wor.
of merit calculated to advance the interests of our vase
marine, we think we cannot too earnestly recommend
to the notice of nautical men the production of a
treatise purporting to facilitate the practice of naviga-
tion—we allude to a work recently published by Lieut.
Raper, R.N., Secretary to the Royal Astronomical So-
ciety, entitled " The Practice of Navigation and Nau-
tical Astronomy."
The feeling which could induce this gifted officer to
devote so many years of slavish toil to the attainment
of a purpose at once so laudable, and indeed consi-
derate, as that of diminishing and lightening labour in
others, will doubtless be duly appreciated by every
mariner competent to estimate the magnitude of the
task undertaken, and the utility and importance of the
end achieved.

The treatise before us we believe to be the first pro,

duced by a practical seaman, uniting to an unusual
share of scientific attainment sufficient of professsional
experience to take into account every probable case or
cause of obstruction afloat likely to militate against the
success of long solutions, elaborate, or laborious
" reckoning." Sailors have a great predilection for
" short scores"—long calculations, like long speeches,
are their utter aversion. Nor will the nature of a sea-
faring life always admit of time to obtain results through
the medium of complicated " methods," producing, as
it were, a multitudinous mass of figures. For these,
and other well-matured reasons to be found in the pre-
face of his work, Mr. Raper has contrived to furnish
for the practitioner (too frequently at sea the slave of
time) short and ready rules, which in every required
case at once abridge and render comparatively facile
the process of computation. Who but a clear-sighted
seaman could have seen the necessity of effecting in
figures a radical reform ? How often does it happen,
that in a short-handed vessel, returning from a distant
voyage in the season of winter, the mate and master,
all anxiety to ascertain the " ship's place," are suddenly
called from the work of computation, compelled to
drop slate, and " clap on a clew-line," in order to
shorten sail and save their " complaining spars ?" in
situations of a similar nature which call for immediate
manual aid—the help of every hand aboard save the
hend at the helm—the mate and master (not tranquil-
lised more in mind), subsequently finding their slates
in the " lee scuppers, or water-ways" of the vessel, are
compelled in anxious suspense to watch the weather, so
as to take advantage of the first favourable lull which
may seem to afford sufficient time to attempt another
trial at solving the question so much desired. This
may be the determination of the latitude by means of
" two altitudes of the sun" obtained at intervals apart;
the solution of which, by following the customary me-
thods given in other works, becomes a matter of
reckoning puzzling in the extreme, and, indeed, often
beyond the comprehension of the mariner, fatigued
both in body and mind. What, then, is the. result ?
The sought solution ends in total failure, the two corn-
putors giving it up as unattainable, having no desire to
be swamped, or swept away in a flood of figures.
Under such circumstances—cases of constant inter-
ruption, so trying to the nautical temper—it surely
cannot be considered a matter of marvel that the ma-

jority of seamen, particularly those employed in the
merchant service, should manifest something of distaste
for calculations of a complicated nature. Indeed, we
question whether a veritable blue-water mariner would
not as soon, or nearly as soon, undergo the torture of
listening to erne of the senseless and long-winded ora-
tions of a certain senatot, notorious for his narrow:
minded opposition to everything which relates to the
well-being of our wooden walls, as attempt the task of
wading through the " sea of troubles" which, by the
way of formuke, are to be found in works we would
cite, purporting to assist the unitiated in nautical
science.f

But, indeed, " extreme brevity of solution" is not the
only attractive feature of our author's work. The stu-
dent, practitioner, and even the teacher, will not only
find much Chat is new,- interesting, and instructive to
seamen, but also many useful precautionary hints, with
a fund of valuable lore, unaccountably omitted in other
productions of a similar nature. In the pages of Mr.
Raper's Practice we meet with no superfluous book-
making matter (would that we could say the same in
all elementary works.) Each table, rule, and precept,
appears in the place best calculated to facilitatg prac-
tice, and no ordinary pains seems to have been taken
in the important particular of preserving uniformity in
the. design and system of computation. The rule
designated the " Degree of Dependence" (the name
speaks for itself) we prize much, and only regret it
cannot be made available in cases of political practice.
Mr. Raper (and we think no one will dispute his ap-
preciation of the subject) seems to set a high value on
" precision in maritime positions." Accuracy in this
respect, as navigation advances to perfection, becomes
a matter of increasing importance, because, as Mr.
Raper very properly observes, " where longitudes are
well 'determined, the error of a chronometer may be
ascertained on every occasion of making the land."
For this, and other reasons which must be obvious to
all maritime men, no inconsiderable pains have been
taken to produce correct data in the latitudes and
longitudes of the numerous geographical positions
necessary to appear in the pages of our author's Prac-
tice; the attainment of which, as the computor informs
the reader in his preface, " has been a very laborious
task, and cause of great delay in the appearance of his
work."

It would be an idle task to attempt, in the columns
of a daily paper, anything like a detailed or minute
analysis of this inimitable work. Our purpose is more
to call attention to its value, and vast utility, particu-
larly to those who seek surer guidance and safer sailing
of the ships and vessels of our commercial marine.
In closing our necessarily brief notice of this ser-
viceable volume, we hesitate not to pronounce it as the
only perfect practice (and we are emphatic on the word)
we know of on navigation and nautical astronomy ;
and, from the many considerations the author has em-
braced in carrying out his cardinal design—namely,
short practice and uniformity in the process of 'com-
putation, we feel confident it will be hailed by every
seaman of sense, every master-mariner, and merchant-
mate who can appreciate the value of time afloat, in the
light of a friendly and welcome work.

* In one practical work of pretension we find thirteen
different methods given to work out " a lunar observation,"
and out of these several unrecommended modes the unprac-
tised computor is left to choose for himself, and to trust to
chance in the selection of the method he may adopt. It is
these street-showman-like " which-ye-please" sort of me-
thods which give to seamen such distaste for figures.
For instance, " adjustment of the compass," height
and description of lighthouses, spherical traverse table, used
in great circle sailing, and throughout the practice of nauti-
cal astronomy, and tabulating rules, by which the distinction
of cases is made by ocular instead of by mental means—in
other words, by referring to the eye instead of to the mind.
These tabulating rules are quite new, and are.singularly
happy in producing ready results. For example—A ship
from India to the Cape of Good Hope makes the land unex-
pectedly. The ship is in east longitude, sailing west, and it
becomes desirable to ascertain whether the chronometer has
gained or lost. A single glance at the tabulating rules de-
cides the question, and shows that the chronometer has
" gained less, or lost more, than allowed for."
$ To wit ie quackery under the respective heads—" How
to- clear for action," and " how to survey a coast when sail-
ing along it." On these subjects see the erudite cifrections
of John Hamilton Moor.

SINGULARLY ROMANTIC STORY.

" Truth stranger than Fiction."

The Droit furnishes us with the following singular story :
" In 1829, M. S., a Frenchman, arrived in London from
Paraguay, where he had passed fifteen years in the service of
the arbitrary and eccentric Dr. Francia. Soon after his
arrival M. S. formed a close intimacy with a fellow-coun-
tryman, who lived in the same. hotel, to whom he related
his whole history, informing him that he was about to pro-
ceed to Paris to see his only relation, an uncle, who was an
honorary canon of the chapter of St. Denis, with a fortune
amounting to 15,000 f. a-year, to which he, M. S., was the only
legitimate heir, and that he had with him in his trunk all
the necessary documents for proving his identity, as he doubt-
ed whether his uncle, who was eighty years of age, would
recollect him. It was agreed between the two friends that
they should set out together for France, but in the evening
before the day fixed for their departure, M. S. was arrested
and taken to Worship-street, on a charge of having forged
some Bank of England notes. His pocket-book, which he
had about him, was examined, and in it were ten notes, four
of which were ascertained to be forged : M. S. was com-
mitted. On reaching the prison he sent for his friend M. B.
and received for answer that he was gone with M. S.'s bag-
gage and his own on board a steam-packet, having first paid
their joint bills. It was in vain that poor S. stated and proved
these circumstances, and protested that the forged notes were
received by him of B. He was brought to trial, convicted,
sentenced to be transported for ten years, and sent to Botany
Bay. In the meantime B. came to Paris, presented himself
to the old canon as his nephew, assuming his name, and, by
means of the documents in hia possession, so completely im-
posed himself upon the aged ecclesiastic as his nephew, that
when he died two years afters he made the pretender sole in-
heritor by wilt of all his property. After a lapse of eleven
years, M. S. was at last carried back from Botany Bay to
London, and thence made his way to Paris. After two
months' search, M. S. has discovered the retreat of 8., and
claimed the fortune and name of which he had been robbed
by him. B. of course, maintains himself to be the true
nephew, and proclaims the claimant to be the imposter. A
suit is about to be commenced which cannot fail of being
long and intricate; for not only will it be difficult for S. to
maintain his case by proofs, on account of his many years'
absence from France, but it is a question whether he is not
precluded by the law of prescription. The interest of this
case is greatly heightened by the circumstance that 'B. has
for the last six years been living in one of the northern towns
of France making a most honourable use of his wealth, was
two years ago married to the daughter of one of the greatest
landowners of the department, and had, it is said, in con-
templation to offer himself as a candidate for the Chamber
of Deputies at the next election.

LOVE OF CHILDREN.—TeII me not of the trim, precisely
arranged homes where there are no children ; where, as the
good German has it, " the ily-flaps always hang straight on
the wall ;" tell me not of the never disturbed nights and
days of the tranquil, unanxious hearts where children are
not. I care not for these things. God sends children for
another purpose than merely to keep up the race—to enlarge
our hearts, to make us unselfish and full of kindly sympathies
and affections ; to give our souls higher aims, and to call out
all our faculties ; to extend enterprise and exertion ; to bring
round our fireside bright faces and happy smiles, and loving
tender hearts. My soul blesses the great Father every day
that he has gladdened the earth with little children ! Hope
on! Hope for ever !—By Mary Iloivitt.
FAUNTLEROY, WHO WAS HANGED, ALIVE.—It may
seem strange, but it is no less true, that there are strong
opinions abrcad that Fauntleroy, the banker, who was several
years ago convicted of and hanged for forgery, is now living
with his son in America. So strong are the opinions on that
point, that about nine months past his executors, in answer
to a bill in equity, filed against them respecting his property,
put in an, affidavit prayinc, time to inquire after him, as,
from report and hearsay, they believed that he was alive. It
appears that a proprietor of a large hotel in Marylebone,
chose name was was Pearse, died childless, bequeathing his
property to his nephew, and appointed Fauntleroy executor.
The nephews, who were wild young men, were, at the period
of their uncle's death, either in the army or navy. The
friends of the nephews, mistrusting Fauntleloy, insisted
upon his vesting the money left by the uncle in the funds.
This Fauntleroy did ; but afterwards sold it out, with the ex-
ception of £l4O. After Fauntleroy's supposed executipn
one of the nephews returned, and having been informed that
a legacy had been bequeathed him instituted proceedings
against Fauntleroy's executors to account for that property.
A bill was consequently filed against' them in the Vice-
Chancellor's Court, and. the executors, in reply, stated their
belief that Fauntleroy was not hanged to death, but that he
was alive with his son in America. Having put in an
affidavit to that effect, the court granted nine months to
make the necessary inquiries. The nine months will
terminate next term. It is said most confidently that
Fauntleroy had a protection around his neck against the
rope, that he was suspended but a very short period, and
that as soon as he was cut down he was conveyed to a house
in West Smithfield, where the necessary remedies were im-
mediately and successfully applied. All this, it is supposed,
was done with privity of the Government and the officers of
justice. Be the report well founded or not, the affidavit was
made, and the time alluded to was granted for instituting the
necessary inquiries respecting the existence or non-existence
of a wretched man, around whose neck it is said, the rope
virtually was for 14 years previous to his conviction, as he
was a forger for that period.—[This is a strange story,
Fauntleroy may he alive, but we saw him executed, and saw
him hanging for some time. If the answer to the bill be not
put in till Fauntleroy be found alive, we fear the delay will
be longer than even a Chancery suit.]—Evening Paper.

About three months since, a physician residing in Paris,
Laving been present at a brilliant soiree, given by an ac-
. .

quainiance, was returning to his domicile, in the rue de Pon-
thieu, on foot, when, while going slowly along the faubourg
St. Honor 6, he was accosted by a genteelly-dressed young
man, who, without any ceremony, said, " Sir, if before noon
to morrow I cannot provide myself with the sum of fifteen
hundred francs, I am a lost, a dishonoured man. That sum
you have about you—you have been playing cards this even-

mg at the house you have just left, and you have been very
'ortunate. Denial is useless, for I was present. I wish you
;c1 lend me that sum, whichwill save a family from dishonor
tud despair. If you refuse to lend it me, this is for you, and

the fellow of it for me (showing while he spoke a brace of
pistols). If, on the contrary, you consent to render me this
service, I swear, by all I hold sacred, that the sum shall be
faithfully restored to you before the expiration of six months.
Decide then, quickly, I beg of you." The doctor was not
armed, and his loan compeller seeming very determined, he
thought his most prudent plan was to yield with a good face,
and handed over the sum, which the young gentleman put in
his pocket, and wished his kind lender good night, renewing
his promise that the money should be punctually returned,
with interest, at the tune specified. The doctor, it may be
supposed, placed little faith in the promise, and put himself
down as robbed. A few days since he was taking a stroll in

the garden of the 'I uilleries, when he was accosted-by a young
and elegantly dressed female, who asked him if his name was
not ? On his replying in the affirmative; she added,—
" Sir, to you I am indebted for my life, and what is dearer,
my honour. Those are obligations which cannot be cancell-
ed ; but in addition to that, 1 owe you the sum of 1,500 f,
with interest." " What do you mean," replied the doctor,
" I have not the honour of your acquaintance." " That
matters not," replied the lady. " Take this pocket book, 1
beg of you ; you will there find the sum I mentioned. Take
it quickly," she added, seeing the doctor hesitated. "My
husband may be here in a moment, and this transaction must
he a profound secret between you and I." Saying this, she
disappeared, leaving i . n the hands of the astonished doctor
the pocket book, which, on examination, he found to contain
bank notes to the amount of 3,000 f!