The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-09-11 00:00:00

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

MANCHESTER, FRIDAY EVENING.
The sanguine backers of Heron, for the Leamington
Stakes, have had to put up with a defeat; and those gentle-
men whom we noticed on Tuesday as having Modesty in
their eye, had the pleasure of finding that Lye, after a very
splendid race, won by a very short head. From the betting
that occurred on the Cup race, on Wednesday night, at a
late hour, the result might have been actually known, so far
that Calmuck was cyphered in Modesty's race. Even mo-
ney was freely accepted on 1%1 r. Cooke's horse, and 6 to 4
was the figure on the following day. We hear he won in a
common canter, and came out the following afternoon (yes-
terday), and won her Majesty's guineas, at two heats, after
some capital racing with Mr. Bristow's Dr. Slop. Maim-
uietan fell, and was killed on the_ground, in the second heat.
Mr. Fowler's Gilbert Gurney, having won his race against
Eliza, yesterday, may improve a shade in the St. Leger bet-
tin ;s, which for the past two days have been of a ren.arkably
insipid character. ion, owing to his having just the call of
Don John, yesterday, at 'Tattersall',, has also been moved
half a point. Offers of 3to 1 are made on the field. Laner-
cost and the Grey stand at 8 and 12 to 1. Cobham has rather
improved, but not to the extent that the London figure would
have led us to expect. 200 to 10 was taken on Appleton Lad
to-day, and this evening 15 to' was freely offered against the
Duke of Cleveland's filly. This evening- 100 to 6 was taken,
and the party accepting would have gone on. There has
been nothing done of moment in the others. The Cup bet-
ting is so quiet that quotations would be superfluous. Hark-
away remains at 3 to 1.

TATTERSALL'S, THURSDAY.
The absence of many of its usual visitors at Warwick races
occasioned the room this day to be thinly attended; the bet-
ting, however, although dull enough in amount, was of some
little interest, inasmuch as it enabled lon to recover the lead
from Don John. Cobham also improved, 9to 1 having at
one time been taken in good quarters; a point more was
betted towards the close. Alzira and Grey Moiling were not
in any force, while Pucelle, backed freely at Warwick, rose
to 15 to 1, taken, but not generally. Nothing done ou Al-
bemarle or Appleton Lad, whose supporters have disappeared
altogether. A solitary bet, 1,000 to 25, was laid against
Saintfoin. Closing prices:—

• ST. LEGER.
3 to 1 against Col. Peel's lon. (r)
10 to 3 „ Lord Chesterfield's Don John.
9to 1 „ Mr. Parkin's Lanercost. (t)
10 to 1 „ Mr. H. Coorubes's Cobham. (t)
13 to 1 „ Duke of Cleveland's Alzira.
13 to 1 „ Lord G. Bentinck's Grey Momus.
15 to 1 „ Duke of Cleveland's Pucelle filly. (t)
40 to 1 „ Mr. Thornhill's Saintfoin. (t)

THE EXPERIMENTAL ASCENT OF THE NASSAU
BALLOON ON TUESDAY.

(From the Times.)
MR. GREEN'S NARRATIVE

It will he remembered by our readers that what is termed
a "double ascent" of balloons took place on Tuesday last
from Vauxhall-gardens, when considerable astonishment' WixS
created amongst those who viewed the progress of the aerosta-
tic machines at the different courses the two floating bodies
struck into shortly after they had lett the spot whence they
started. Even to the spectator that fact bore ample proof
of the existence of varied cur-rents of air, although the sub-
stance operated upon at first appeared to be moving at nearly
equal elevations. The results to which the voyage as affect-
ing the Nassau balloon has led, and the different effects to
which it was subject during the journey, we have been kindly
favoured with by Mr. Green, to whom the science of aerosta-
tion is more deeply indebted than to any individual who has
before made that peculiar branch of discuvert a study. It
will, by a 'careful perusal of the account, be seen that effects
hitherto unobserved were produced, and with minute accuracy
marked by the three travellers, but by neither of them with
more avidity or with more anxiety than by Mr. Rush, from
whose memoranda a great proportion of the particulars have
been furnished. Independent of the details contained in Mr.
Green's version, that gentleman and Mr. Spencer have In-
formed us that, after they had `• u'ertopped" their oppo-
nent, the appearance it presented was that of a large boiy
skimming along the surface of the earth, although a portion of
that time it was as far therefrom as 4000 feet. Since their
arrival in town, the same parties have been told that the
Nassau balloon was visible to the eye of the gazer for an hour
after it had quitted the gardens. It is clear, then, such
being the case, the balloon must have been seen in London
when it bad reached a distance of 30 miles from the metro-
polis.
Mr. Green's narrative is as follows

" My ascent on Tuesday last from Vauxhall-gardens in the
great Nassau balloon was in company with Mr. Edward
Spencer and Mr. Rush, of Elsenham-hall, Essex, who had in-
timated to me his desire to make an ascent of considerable
elevation, with a view of ascertaining the greatest altitude
that could with safety be attained with three pet sons in the
car; and further, to ascertain the. changes of temperature
that would take place at different elevations, as well as the
variations of the currents of air, and finally, to establish the
important fact as to whether the same difficulties existed with
regard to respiration in a very rarified atmosphere by persons
ascending with a balloon to any great altitude, as have been
felt and described by persons who have ascended lofty moun-
tains.

"Ever since I constructed the Nassau balloon I have had
a strong desire to set these questions at rest, and I theretore
feel great pleasure in being able to communicate to the pub-
lic (through the medium of your journal) the result of our ex-
periments, extracted from our minutes out of Mr. Rush's
note-book, and which were made by him at short jute, vals,
dtfring the progress of our ascent and descent.

" We left the earth at 25 minutes before 7 p.m. with two
barometers standing each at 30 inches. One of these instru-
ments, as welt as a thermometer, was furnished by Mr. Rush,
constructed on the most accurate principles, and made ex-
pressly for the purpose by Mr. Jones, optician, of Charing-
cross. The thermometer stood at 66 degrees of Fahrenheit.
During our ascent the barometer and thermometer at our
different elevations varied thus:—

BAROMETER. , THERMOMETER.
30 inches. 1 66 degrees.
23 , 56
r.) 1
18 42
17 ; 39
16 1 35
15 ' 25
Greatest alti.
14.70 1
tude. .... i 25

" On our first rising from the Gardens we took a north-
westerly direction, and continued that course until we arrived
over Vauxhall-bridge, when we were at an elevation of 2,500
feet. The line then changed to the north, and shortly after
to north-east. All the time we were passing over the metro-
polis we discharged ballast, and rose in proportion. We then
pursued our journey, passing over Dalston, Lea-bridge, and
Epping, in which direction we continued with but little
variation, leaving Dunmow, in Essex, on our left. At this
period we had attained our greatest altitude—namely, 19,335
feet, or :3% miles and 855 feet. It was now that for the first
time our view of the earth was intercepted by a stratum of
cloud, which was apparently somewhere about 6,000 feet
below us. In consequence of the vast quantity of ballast
that we continued to discharge after having cleared the me-
tropolis, our ascent became very rapid, and from the great
expansion of the inflating power, the gas rushed out from the
lower valve in considerable torrents. The velocii.y of our
upward progress caused the balloon and car to rotate in a
spiral motion on its axis with astonishing rapt,!ity. (A simi-
lar operation takes place, although not to so great an extent,
on all occasions of a rapid ascent or descent.) During our
ascension we, at different periods, threw overboard about
1,20019. of ballast, reserving only 1001 b. by which to regulate
our descent.

" Prior to commencing our descent Mr. Rush, our wine
glasses being purposely charged, proposed the health of our
most Gracious Sovereign Queen Victoria. The toast was
drunk with great fervour and sincerity, and we followed it by
raising three cheers and 'one cheer more' in honour of the
deed. We lost no time in drinking the health of Her Royal
Highness the Duchess of Kent, who gave birth to our Graci-
our Queen.' Mr. Rush then ouce inure rose, and proposed
the health of ' The greatest commander on earth. his Grace
the Duke of Wellington.' The toast, like its predecessors,
was responded to with alacrity, and was accompanied with
the usual honours. Having re-deposited our bottle and
glasses, we discovered that the balloon was descending. Our
course then veered to the north over Thaxted. We were now
under the influence of the same .current as that which go-
verned our progress immediately on quitting terra firma, and
the balloon was propelled over Debden, where we effected
our descent, at five minutes after eight o'clock, having accom-
plished the voyage in one hourand 30 minutes. We reached
the earth in a field near Rowney-wood, in the parish of Deb-
den, a distance of 47 miles from Vauxhall-gardens, three
miles south of Saffron Walden, and only five miles from the
residence of our fellow voyager. Mr. Rush, to whose house
we at once proceeded, and after having partaken of his hos-
pitality, passed the night.
" It will be perceived that the table I have given above
that at our greatest altitude the mercury in the barometer
had fallen to 1.1 inches 70, giving an elevation of 19,335 feet.
Since my arrival in London the matter has under gone acal-
culation by Mr. Jones the optician, from which the following
results have been arrived at:—

"Barometer at starting 2O. Thermometer 66.
" Ditto at greatest elevation..l4. 70. Ditto 25.
"Approximate feet....
" Allowance for temperature 509

"Total elevation 19,335 •
or three miles and three-quarters minus 465 feet.
"During our descent, when at 1,2(10 feet from the earth,
we encountered' a heavy fall of snow, which lasted for half
an hour, accompanied with a sudden and very great reduc-
tion of temperature, the thermometer dropping, to 22 degrees,
or 10 degrees below freezing point. The mercury in the ba-
rometer at this moment had risen to 19 in. By a comparison
of this state of the two glasses with that which they pre-
sented as we went up, it will be seen that at the same eleva-
tion, whilst the barometer was at 19, and thermometer at 46,
the former retained its position, but the latter had fallen to
22, thereby showing a reduction of temperature in the course
of one hour, at the same elevation, of 24 degrees. I mention
this circumstance for the purpose of directing the attention
of the scientific world to those local and sudden changes of
temperature which in the course of my numerous ascents I
have often experienced.

" I have further to observe, that although the air near the
earth was in a tranquil state, the current by which the bal-
loon was principally operated upon (namely, south by west)
must have been moving at the rate of at least 60 miles an
hour; for, notwithstanding the rapidity of our ascent and
descent, which necessarily formed a powerful resistance to
this horizontal current, we travelled at an average speed of
30 miles per hour.

" When at an elevation of 15,000 feet, we discerned in the
south-east an extremely vivid flash of lightning.
" With reference to the fact of there being a supposed
natural difficulty of respiration at great altitudes above the
earth's surface, as mentioned in the works of Humboldt and
other celebrated travellers, by whom it has been painfully
experienced in their ascents of high mountains, I am in-
clined, from the circumstance of an opposite result having
been produced upon ourselves on this occasion, to imagine
that the fatigue and depressien of the muscular powers, pro-
duced by the accomplishment of their journey, must alone
have led to such an end. Mr. Rush, Mr. Spencer, and my-
self, at no moment,
even when at our greatest elevation,
laboured under the stightect inconvenience in respect to a
difficulty of respiration. We breathed with the utmost ease,
and as freely as when walking on the earl b's surface."

t the rumour White is about to resign the represe
The Dublin Evening Post contradi
nuttantoi
on of
ot that a
Long-
ford.
T) E NT. —.i
Bedworth,sort time
thaigto,N(:)luin•.tMy;lsiietnlotwa.
of SClNroGwulLeyA,}l nAeacrel
Greatteam of four good horses, under the case of two w
projecting ,rolin
harrow one of his fields. They were attached largetoseNlecrin.ts:to
t i
harrows, with spikes. nine inches long ,
frame. After working some time, one of the horses, a finee
young colt, became restive, and, owing to the carelessness
of the driver, it turned shoat round, pulling the other horses
after it, which caused the harrows to upset, the spikes then
turning upwards, and upon them the first horse fell, and
dragged the other three horses after it: thus all the four
animals were impaled upon the spikes of the harrows, kick-
ing furiously from the vouy they endured. In this state
they remained for nearly half an hour before they could be
released, which was only done by applying levers under each
of them. The lungs of one of the horses were perforated,
and they were all seriously injured; but, owing to the skill
and attention of the veterinary surgeon, Mr. Lewis, of Bud-
worth, they' have all recovered, and are again iu working
condition.—Cheater Gazette.

COMPARATIVE STATE OF MORALS IN ENGLAND

AND IRELAND.

(From the Dublin Record.)

There can be no doubt but that an accurate acquaintance
with the state of morals in England and Ireland would enable
us to form a due estimate of the comparative merits of the
opposite religious systems under which the two countries
live. The principle a ill ever hold good which is so frequent-
ly urged upon us in scripture' • By their fruits ye shall know
them.' Let it, however, be kept in mind that that is not
decisive which is obvious. The newspapers and other perio-
dical works afford us very insufficient data to go upon. Pri-
vate virtue. social and domestic worth, are not objects of no-
toriety. They rarely come before us in the prints. The
same observation holds good in some sort with respect to the
less glaring vices. It is crime atone which fixes public atten-
tion on the one hand and illustrious actions on the other.
We repeat that that which comes before the public through
the press. affords a.very insufficient mean to enable us to de-
cide upon the question of the respective moral excellence of
nations or great communities. The prints, as aforesaid.
scarce give us any thing else to judge by but the more fla-
grant crimes.
Now, there is again something to be found in the nature of
the opposing principles, calculated additionally to render the
judgment derived front publications a mere fallacious one.
The protestant system is a system of Light. lt'brings every
thing to the light. It tests the value of every thing by the
light. It looks fur the effectuation of great good through the
operation of the light. It does not favour concealment. IL
never throws its sheild over the guilty individual under the
notion that the notion that the notoriety of his crime might
induce men to become hostile to the principles which he held
or professed to hold. It never apprehends an injury to pro-
testantism from the flagrant offence of a protestant, and
therefore it never dreams of sheltering the individual for
the sake of the system. On the contrary, its hope is, by
sacrificing the pithy individual at the shrine of public
opinion, thus to make him a warning to others and to
reader his criminality subservient to the general good.
In fact, whatever is criminal in England, is poured into the
public ear, and becomes matter of extensive notoriety. On
the contrary, in Ireland there is a private tribunal, to which
all the vicious have access. - They are never so-likely to seek
it, as when the breast is torn with the pangs of remorse—
agitated by a guilty conscience, and by the fear of exposure.
The feeling created in the mind of the guilty by the existence
of this tribunal must be one of a strong inclination to have
recourse to it in their guilt, under the notion that thus in
many ways secrecy may be secured, and the annoyance of a
public exposure avoided. By having recourse to the confes-
sional, an influential friend is made sure of, and the cause
of the penitent is made something like the cause of the church.
The feeling of the priest-will be against the scandal that
would arise from publicity. He will naturally be disposed to
desire that the fair fame of his church should not be tarnished
with the foul reputation of its erring child. Hence there is
a very gteat reason to suppose that n e never hear of those of-
fences of a Romau Catholic country which are made to shock
the ear in the records of a Protestant one. There is another
' circumstance which also should be taken into account. Pro-
testantism gives no countenance to one class of sins more
• than to another. There ate no sins which it considers venial,
and therefore there are no vices which become in a manner
popular, and which will attain at length to such a degree of
prevalence, that they will become in some sort the fashion.
Such may be the case with intemperance, profane swearing,
Sabbath-breaking, rioting and revelry in general. There is,
comparatively speaking, a happy absence of these vices in
England; sobriety, gravity, sincerity are the national cha-
racteristics. Now,, the prevalence of even lesset vices is ut-
terly inconsistent with the prosperity of the people amongst
whom-they abound. A severe practice of virtue on the part
of communities is essential to their progress in art, science,
and civilization. Those that are vicious, or the slaves of popu-
lar sins, will want that spring of action that is essential to
raise to eminence. They that are not elevated in point of
moral character, cannot become in the nature of things, dis-
tinguished•with respect to mental attainments, or those which
are akin to them.

THE PRESS-RELIGIOUS PERIODICALS AND

FRASER'S MAGAZINE.

(From the Dublin Statesman and Record.)

There is an article in Fraser for this month which it may
be supposed we are under some very cogent obligation to
make mention of, seeing that our paper is noticed in it in so
very flattering a manner. It does so happen, however, that
we are under no obligation save that which the courtesy of
literary interchange, or the intrinsic value of the article it-
self might create. We are wholly unacquainted with the
author, and we must take leave therefore to inform an even-
ing contemporary (the Packet) that he was under a mistake
in supposing or insinuating that there was any private un-
-lerstanding whatever between the parties. As several other
journals as well as our own have been descanted upon. in the
paper in question. we feel quite at liberty in speakihg of it.
We say then that the article is a very able one, and laying
aside what has been said of ourselves, a very just and Useful
tine. Its commendations of our contemposapes the frate/i-
-man, Scottish Guardian, and other journals, so far as we are
acquainted with them, are, we believe, well merited, anti its
criticisms otherwise fair; but that which we look upon as
infinitely more important, is, that we have here so interesting,
so lively, so talented, and so politically sound a periodical as
Fraser's Magazine bearing testimony to the vast political
value of those principles which we have so long contended
for. We have it amongst others, in the following just and
beautiful passage:—
" But it must also be conceded, that other (journals), placed
on sacred principles, and conducted with consistency and
vigour, are at this moment leavening the population with the
elements of sound political views. In fact, Christianity, ac-
cording to our constitution, must be the basis of all politics,
if these are to have stamina and worth., Its great truths
must communicate their colouring to all the crystallization
of social existance ; and the man or the periodical, that
strikes into the national mind an inspired truth, as a nucleus
around which personal and social consistency may gather,
confers a benefit greater, than if he'had endowed an hospital,
or gained a battle. The cement of our English constitution
is, in the main Protestantism; and those writers who teach
' this are surrounding it with bulwarks better than armies."
There is another passage which proves that the subject has
zn->S thaarg"tep- ow-miset c.fatrasns;4-.'r,..,,tt
important remark—a remark that demands the serious notice
of the Ministerialists and Radicals of the country: it is this—
RELIGION IS ON TILE SIDE OF CONSERVATISM. With the
exception of one solitary DISSENTING paper, the Patriot
and, it may bP, another hole-and-corner print—the religious
newspapers of the country are the open and uncompromising
advocates of Conservative principles. This is a most striking
and impressive consideration. It is the habit, generally, of
Conservative statesmen, to base their views on the funda-
mental and glorious principles of the English constitution—
to advocate certain measures, because they are calculated to
lead to certain valuable results—and to resist the encroach
ments of the fierce democracy, on the strong grounds of an
enlightened philosophy and ripe experience • and these are
tribunals never to be lust sight of in the adjudicationl of poli-
tical measures. But it certainly must strengthen the hands
of the powerful opposition, that now covets the assaulted
liberties and menaced institutions of their native land, to be
assured that signal piety, as well as great talent, is enlisted on
their side; that -the faith of millions, as well as the in escrip-
Lions of the Magna Charta, sustain and side with them; that
the prayers olChristian men, as well as the re4ources of gifted
minds, are lifted- up in averting the catastrophes, that are
knowingly courted, or in ignorance hurried on, y reckless
anti unlit incipled statesmen."
This is a large amount of concession from a literary periodi-
cal, though obviously short of the great principle which we
hold to be inseparable from Christian statesmanship. It is
the "almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian;" but not
the "altogether." Now why should this be so? Why
should the writer of this article, who we are persuaded is a
Christian, prefer "our enlightened philosophy and ripe ex-
perience" as grounds to rule upon, rather than the princi-
p;es of the Bible, and the direct and express commands of
Gad? Here is, in fact, the difference, perhaps the only, but
certainly an important difference between a merely Conser-
vative, and what the world calls a lleltgious Periodical. It
is, in fact, the weak point of our Conservative statesmen—
would that it may not be more! for is it not being "ashamed"
of our Lord and his word ? And does not every Protestant
know what the consequence of such shame will be? The
writer in Fraser rejoices that Christian princ'ple and Chris-
tian piety are, inter alia, on the side of the Couserva ve
opposition : we look upon this as something too, but us
something very tar short of the mark—as something which
will not do, till these alone be taken ani put forward as the
basis of their policy. This is what we want—this is what a
religious press will demand—and this is what we hope be-
fore long, every Conservative and Protestant journal in the
kingdom will look fur.

Prase:* remarks that that there is no religious press on the
side of radicalism. Of course there is not; radicalism is not
to be found in Scripture; how then could it be assisted by a
scripturally-founded press ? The voluntaries strive to keep
religion from the state. When they come abroad into the
world, they leave their religion at home, like Dr. l'ye Smith,
when he went to vote for the infisb-1 Hume at the Middlesex
election. Religion, in short, would be the ruin of radicalism,
and radicals very wisely keep clear of it. It is not, so. with
Popery. It has a press--a press that talks incessantly of
principle—a press that works out the principle of Popeiy,
and demands a concession to the rights of conscience, or
rather to the pretended cravings of an erroneous Popish
conscience, that everything Christian in the land should be
cast down, in,order that-flee scope should be given to time
abomination which maketh desolate—to Popery, and the
chariot-wheels of its idols. There i 3 just as much religion
in any journal which supports Popery, as there is in Popery
itself; and thus in one sense of the term, every pro-Popery
paper is a sort of religious periodical on the side of Popery.
In this respect every journal which is nut for us—which is
not for Protestantism in Church and State, is unquestitnably
against us, and a supporter of Popery. _This is an important
consideration, and one that ought to stimulate every Pro-
testant and conservative periodical to give our cause not a
sort of half support, founded on the principles merely of an
" enlightened philosophy and ripe experience," but an entire
and full support founded on the Word of God and the Gospel
of Christ. But the leaven is working. We copy a good
article in-day from the Times, on the National Education
Society for gogland, and on infidel periodicals and teachers,
which shows a great improvement in the tone of that journal.
We are happy to say that this is only one of several which
we have lately noticed in it of the same decided and Christian
tendency. Let this plain, uncompromising way of speaking
be taken up and universally adopted by the Protestant press.
Let no quarter be given to either Infidelity or Popery, and
we shall soon see an end to the O'Connell domination—to
say the least.

ALL IN THE FAMILY. —A few miles from Derby, and but a
short time ago, two brothers of a respectable family married
two sisters; a third brother, feeling disappointed that there
was not another sister, determined not to marry out of the
family, and took the mother to wife.—Derby Reporter.
RAILWAY ACCIDENT:-011 Saturday last, as a party of
labourers on the new line of railway to Preston, were engaged
in removing some sleepers, by means of a crane, the carriage
on which it was gave way, and a large stone, about seven
hundred weight, being suspended to the crane, caused the
handlekto turn round at a very rapid rate, one of which
struck a man named James Flynn on the head, and fractured
his skull so severely that be died on Monday morning. The
men who had hold of the crane at the time were obliged to
let go their hold in order to save their lives. An inquest was
held on the deceased the same evening, at the Saracen's
Head, and a verdict of "accidental death" returned.-1“yon
Gazette.

MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT AT Tlll3 DEAF AND DUMB
INSTITUTION, MANCHESTER.-010 Thursday last, a young
trill named Maria Brunt, an inmate of the above instantup,
came by her death under the foilowing circumstances :—She
was amusing herself about eight o'clock in the morning, Just
after the school had broken Op for breakfast, by swinging on
the rail of the stairs; and having overbalanced herselt, she
fell over and rolled to the bottom, her head striking the stairs
in her descent. Twolittle girls who were descending anot her
flight of stairs saw the accident, and immediately ran and
gave the alarm to one of the female assistants, who, on pro-
ceeding to the spot, found her lying on her face, and quite
speechless. She was conveyed into the adjoining room, and
Mr. Turner, surgeon to the establishment, was sent for, who
afforded all the aid in his power, but without effect. She
lingered in a state of insensibility until half-past one in the
afternoon, when death put an end to her sufferings. An
inquest was held on the body the same day, before W. S.
Rutter, Esq., coroner, when the two little deaf and dumb
girls, who had seen her fall, were examined, Mr. Bingham,
the master of the school, acting as interpreter, when the
above facts were elicited? Thp deceased was a very interest-
ing girl, about fourteen years of age, and was a native of
Macclesfield. She bad only been about six weeks in the
institution.—Manckester guardian.

IHE CORN LAWS.

(From the Orford Herald.)

A statesman of antiquity charged his chief political adver-
sary with living and thriving upon the public danger.
" While the state is prosperous," said he, " you rest in com-
partive obscurity ; but let any cause excite the apprehensions
and depress the spirits of good men, and then you are to be
seen conspicuous and exulting.; just as our old ailments of
boily are sure to return upon any serious deviation from
health." The party thus described was a traitor, and his
practice has been characteristic of the betrayers of public
interests, from his time to our own.

The somewhat unfavourable weather of the last and pre-
ceding months, concurrently with the lateness of the season
generally, has caused some unpleasant doubts as talkie pro-._.
duce of the harvest. The danger of a failure is probably
exaggerated, but it would be wrong to denv, that, notwith-
standing the late happy change in the weather--succeeded,
however, by a day or two of rain—much of the corn in the
remoter parts of the kingdom is still in a precarious state.
It is possible, therefore, that bread may rise to a higher price
than it has reached for some years pastand they who " live
and thrive upon the public danger" are resolved to make the
most of the calamity. The coin-laws are to he the topic of
agitation—and the command has gone forth through the
niinisteral journals (ministers all the while professing to up-
hold the proscribed laws), to merge all other subjects of agi-
tation in this one. We have lately heard a great deal of the
" march of mind" and the " spread of knowledge," and a
whole vocabulary of such-like cant. The fate of this new
enterprise will tell how much wiser the men of our time are
than the generation of their fathers. Looking to the kind of
persons that are sent to parliament, and to the description of
journals and other publications that are patronised by many;
we, fur ourselves, must. confess some misgiving as to any very
extraordinary improvement. Had we to deal with rational
men, we should say, " why choose this particular time to
raise an agitation against the corn-laws? The very circum•
stances of the day, in truth, afford the best possible. proof of
the necessity for the code against which you would excite the
country. Anxiety prevails as to the probable Supply of grain.
in the United Kingdom. Why ? because from the bad wea-
ther it is feared that part of the tillage land will prove-iinpro
duct ice, and the whole imperfectly productive—and this is
the time you select to recommend putting part of the land
wholly out of tillage ! and causing the land to be less pro-
ductively tilted because tilled at a less profit ! ! Surely you
must imagine that you address yourselves to animals more
stupid than those that draw the plough."
Suppose that the fears of a deficient harvest are realised,
what then? the ports are opened much before grain can reach
a famine price : and as long as England shall retain her
capital—and she will retain it as long as she protects her
agriculture, but no longer—the whole world will starve before
Englishmen can want. The foreigu corn wilt.rome in, it
will be paid for in money, and this money will come back to
our manufactories, if the enemies of the corn-laws speak
truly—and as far as a single year is concerned, they probably
do speak truly, for it would require more than the experience
of one year's drain of capital from England.to induce the
foreigner, and to enable him to create other channels than
those already prepared fur the money so received. Upon
this, the least favourable hypothesis, she supposition that the
harvest prove deficient, much will have ben gained by the corn
laws in the amount of grain already in the country, and in the
security that the money to be paid for foreign grain must come
back,"while nothing will have been lost. And now take the
other, and, we trust, the more probable, hypothesis—the suppo-
sition that the harvest prove sufficient, and comb ler the
corn-laws with reference to that event. We all know what com-
mercial speculation is capable of, and can we doubt that but foi
the corn-laws the existing anxiety about the harvest would
cause the markets and granaries to be gluttedwith foreign grain
long before this, to the ruin of the British farmer, indeed, but
no less to the ruin of the British importer and of the foreign
grower—and, if the enemies of the corn-laws speak truly, of
he British manufacturer. These are consideratiuns suggested
by the particular time at which the present agitating is raised
—a time which affords the most irrefragable proof that the
laws in question are a necessary defence again: t speculators
gambling with the lives of the people; and thus demonstrates
the faith of the agitators in "the beast blindness" of those
whom they would halloo against their best protectors.
Dr. Bowring lately told his hearers at Edinburgh that
Switzerland is the great commercial and manufacturing rival
of England, because Switzerland has no corn-law. Will the
polyglot quack say what is the profit of the commerce and ma-
nufactures of our great rival, and where are itsaccumulations
to be found? Switzerland has enjoyed within the last century
about three times as many years of peace as Great Britain,
yet we do not hear of any loans contracted for with Swiss
capitalists—no Swiss railroads are talked of—ports, docks,
and a marine, are, of course, out of question—and where is
the accumulated saying. of the commeicial and manufacturing
rival of England The truth isikut under the influence of
our corn-laws, and since these 13W-s were enacted, or their
provisions prat tically anticipated, single towns have grown
up in England incomparably richer than the whole Swiss
confederation. But Dr. Bowring has inadvertently let us
into an important secret by his reference to Switzerland. The.
Swiss are an industrious, an ingenious, and a frugal people:
their country is the most secure in Europe—secure not only
its mountain rampart, but also in the interest of all its neigh-
bours to maintain its prosperity and independenee. But
Switzerland has always been, and still is, one of the pooreSt
countries of the world. As if to complete their titleto Virgil's
imperfect line—
.

"Sic vos non voids,"
the Swiss labour for the profit. as they fight for the safety,
not of themselves but of others. This does not arise from the
minute size of ,their territory, for it is larger than any of the
Dutch, Venetian, Genoese, and Florentine states, when each
in turn engrossed the commerce of the world; and was the
hank of Europe, as England is now. The poverty of Switzer-
land, notwithstanding its industry, and its advantages, arises•
from the very fact in which Dr. Bowring sees the sprint: of
ails wealth. It imports its corn, and every state imputing
its provisions, however industrious or well circumstanced other
wise, must become p'oyressirely poorer. This is a moral law
as absolute and as free from exception as any law of thomit-
terial world. What has called into existence the nunsertius
towns and villages that adorn the face of England?—the de-,mand of the agriculturists. These towns have grown up to
supply the wants of the landowner and formei', and to share
in his profits, as they do most amply.- What has expanded
some of these towns into such prodigious hives of industry, as
Birmingham,. 14.11,1Alisster, Shefliefd, Leeds, Ste., the least
-
lotion, and wealth, since the enactment of the-corn-laws?
What has expanded these towns to their present dimensions;
if not the application of savings, the saving of agriculture
alivayigin the first instance to snake the best use of local ad-
vantages;, Geneva is now no larger, no snore populous, and
no more rich than Geneva was 300 year ago; the'Gemerese
have been fbr three centuries employing titeir distinguiihed
ingenuity and indefatigable indswi v to enrich, not themselves_
but those from whom they must buy food; and so will it ever be.
The mere manufactuier..yrill
,exec he the drudge of the.pro-
ducer of food, if the producer of fooMna his own country-
min, and is not,' as stich, compelled to sharegains and bur,
_ .
thesis with bins.