The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-08-18 00:00:00

SELECT EXTRACTS

EAGLES COURSING.—When two eagles are in pursuit of
a hare, they show great tact; it is exactly as if two well-
matched greyhounds were turning a hare—as one rises, the
other descends, until poor puss is tired out. When one of
them succeeds in catching her, it fixes a claw in her back,
and holds by the ground with the other, striking all the time
with its beak.—The Moor and Loch.

IN THE WRONG Box.—The senior wrangler, of a certain
year, piping hot from the Senate-house at Cambridge, went
to the play at Drury-lane ; it so happened that a certain
great personage entered at the same moment, on the other
side of the house, but unobserved by the mathematician. The
whole house testified their respect by a general rising and
clapping of hands. Our astonished academic instantly ex-
claimed, " Well, well, this is more than I expected ; how is
it possible that these good people should so soon have dis-
covered that I am the senior wrangler!"—Colton.
WHAT IS DEATHI—The laws of nature are all directed
by divine wisdom, for the purpose of preserving life and in-
creasing happiness. Pain seems, in all cases, to precede the
mutilation or destruction of those organs which are essential
to vitality, and for the end of preserving them •, but the
mere process of dying seems to he falling into a deep slum-
ber; and in animals, which have no fear of death dependant
upon imagination, it can hardly be accompanied by very in-
tense suffering. In the human being, moral and intellectual
motives constantly operate in enhancing the fear of death,
which, without these motives in a reasonable being, would
probably become null, and the love of life be lost upon every
slight occasion of pain or disgust ; but imagination is creative
with respect to both passions, which it they exist in animals,
exist independent of reason, or as instinct. Pain seems in-
tended by an all-wise Providence, to prevent the dissolution
of the different organs, and cannot follow their destruction.
I know several instances in which the process of death has
been observed, even to its termination, by good philosophers;
and the instances are worth repeating :—Dr. Cullen, when
dying, is said to have faintly articulated to one of his inti-
mate, " I wish I had the power of writing or speaking, for
then I would describe to you how pleasant a thing it is to
die." Dr. Black, worn out by age and a disposition to pul-
monary hemorrhage, which obliged him to live very low,
whilst eating his customary meal of bread and milk, fell
asleep, and died in so tranquil a manner, that he had not
even spilt the contents of the spoon which he held in his
hand. And the late Sir Charles Blagden, whilst at a special
meal with his friends, Monsieur and Madame Berthollet and
Gay-Lussac, died in his chair so quietly, that not a single
drop of the coffee in the cup which he held in his hand was
spilt.—Sir Humphrey Davy.
THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY ON CIVILI-
SATION.—The physical conformation of the globe is singularly
adapted to facilitate this incessant regeneration of mankind.
The human species might have been placed in situations
where no such revolutions could affect it. Impassable moun-
tains or arms of the ocean might have separated the rude
from the civilised inhabitants of the world ; the empires of
the east might have been secured by their situation from hos-
tile invasion ; and human wickedness might have continued
undisturbed in the places were its career first commenced.
If the forests of Burmah or America had stretched along the
north of the eastern world, the inhabitants of Scythia would
have been chained to the hunter life ; and the citizens of the
Roman or Persian monarchies, how effeminate soever, might
have beheld with contempt a few naked savages emerging
from the woods on their frontier. The corruption incident to
early civilisation would then have been without a remedy,
and the channels of human felicity choked by the magnitude
of early population. It was the vast and open plains of Tar-
tary and Arabia, lying in the immediate vicinity of the spot
where it was first cradled, which, in the infancy of the species,
led to the pastoral life, and made the tents of the desert co-
eval with.the cities of the plain on the first dispersion of man-
kind. -While the wandering life of shepherds spread the race
of man far and wide over the globe in the first ages of the
world, the rapid multiplication of the species in the pastoral
state, prepared, in later times, those periodical and dreadful
irruptions which were destined to punish and regenerate the
stationary part of mankind. The same wilds which first
served as a highway to the dispersion, afterwards became the
channel which led to the regeneration of the species. When
the vices of the south called for the infusion of barbarian
valour, it was not a few scattered savages who answered the
summons, but Timour at the head of the Tartar horse, or
Genghiskhan with the hordes of Scythian cavalry.—Alison's
Principles of Population.

DESTRUCTION OF LIFE IN ANCIENT WARS.—Accustom-
ed as we are to the effects of war in civilized times, when the
most bloody contests are followed by an increase in the num-
bers of the people, it is difficult to form a conception of the
desolation which it produces in barbarous ages, when the
void produced by the sword is not supplied by the impulse
of subsequent tranquillity. A few facts will show its prodi-
gious influence in former ages. It is ascertained by an exact
computation, that when the three great capitals of khorassan
were destroyed by Timour, 4,347,000 persons were put to
the sword. At the same time 700,000 peop.e were slain in
the city of Monsul, which had risen in the neighbourhood of
the ancient Nineveh ; and the desolation produced a century
and a half before the sack of Genghiskhan, had been at least
as great. Such were the ravages of this mighty conqueror
and his Mogul followers, in the country between the Caspian
and the Indus, that they almost exterminated the inhabitants;
and five subsequent centuries have been unable to repair the
ravages of four years. An army of 500,000 Moguls, under
the sons of Ginghis, so completely laid waste the provinces
to the north of the Danube, that they have never since re-
gained their former numbers ; and in the famine consequent
upon the irruption of the same barbarians into the Chinese
empire, 13,000,000 are computed to have perished. During
the invasion of Timour, twelve of the most flourishing cities
of Asia, including Delhi, Ispahan, Bagdad, and Damascus,
were utterly destroyed, and pyramids of human heads, one
of which contained 90,000 skulls, erected on their ruins.
During thirty-two years of the reign of Justinian, the bar-
barians annually made an incursion into the Grecian empire,
and they carried off or destroyed at an average on each occa-
sion 200,000 persons. Nor was the depopulation of the
southern and western provinces less during the same disas-
trous period. In the wars of Belisarius in Africa, 5,000,000
of its inhabitants are computed by a contemporary writer to
have perished ; and during the contests between that illus-
trious warrior and his successor Narses, and the barbarian
armies in Italy, the whole Gothic nation, and nearly fifteen
millions of the natives of Italy disappeared. The plague
which followed these sanguinary contests, carried off still
greater numbers than the sword; and during the fifty-two
years that it desolated the Roman empire, it is said to have
destroyed a hundred million:of inhabitants.—Alison's Prin-
ciples of Population.
MANCHESTER AND LIVERPOOL.—Though Manchester
and Liverpool are so close to each other, and so intimately
connected, yet the difference between the two towns is very
striking, and the contrast is probably the cause of the jealousy
that subsists between their inhabitants. The most prominent
distinction is, that the population of Liverpool is more diver-
sified, and more obviously divisable into classes, than that of
Manchester ; there is more splendour among its rich, and
more squalor among its poor. The connections between the
employer and the employed in Liverpool are not so intimate
or so permanent as i❑ a manufacturing district ; the seaport
requires a much greater proportion of rude labour and unin-
structed industry ; there is less demand for trained skill, the
acquisition of which is in itself a species of moral culture, and
there is a greater need for mere brute strength,—the capacity
of raising weights and carrying burthens. In Liverpool, also,
there is a far greater proportion of casual to settled employ-
ment than in Manchester, as must necessarily be the case
when the demand for a very large amount of labour depends
upon the wind and tide. The manufacturer must feel some
sympathy with the operative whom he sees every day in his
mill ; but the same opportunity is not afforded to the ship-
agent, who hires day labourers to load a vessel, or to dis-
charge a cargo. It is not meant that the merchants of Liver-
pool have no regard for the physical and moral welfare of the
labourers in their employ ; the very contrary is the fact ; no
place on the globe possesses a greater number, in proportion
to the population, of the energetically benevolent, than the
town of Liverpool. Nowhere are schemes of philanthropy
more zealously encouraged, or more ardently supported ;
but from the very nature of the relations which exist between
the rich and the poor, the former are irresistibly compelled to
look upon the latter in the mass, and not to take each case in-
dividually. The merchant does not and cannot know every
labourer whom he employs; personal communication between
them is nearly impossible; he is anxious to do good, and to
prevent evil ; but be is driven to provide for classes of cases,
instead of single cases ; hence his 'bounty assumes to the
recipient somewhat of the form of cold calculation, and he is
accused of forgetting the physiological fact, that the poor have
hearts as well as stomachs. When we assert that the distinc-
tion between the employers and the employed is far more
broad and rigid in Liverpool than in Manchester, we do not li
mean to say that the merchant is more proud than the manu-
facturer, or the labourer more subservient than the operative ;
but we mean that the circumstances of position render the
distance between the factor and the labourer wider and more
obvious than it is between the manufacturer and the opera-
tive.—. Dr. W. C. Taylor in Bentley's Miscellany.

GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY

The following are the Times of Departure from Lime-street,
Liverpool, and from Liverpool-road, Manchester :

TIME'S OF DEPARTURE

FROM LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO BIRMINGHAM
3 3001. m. First Class, joins London Train at 8 30 a.in
6 a.m. Mixed
8 15 a.m. First Class 99
10 30 a.m. First Class Pt
12 15 p.m. First Class
4 p.m. Mixed
7 p.m. First Class 99
FROM BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER
2 15 a.m. First Class—Meets N. Union Train to Preston
at Parkside.

1 15 p.m
4 p.m
6 p.m

6 a.m. Mixed Train do
11 30 a.m. First Class
2 15 p.m. First Class
2 45 p.m. First Class—

Meets N. iTnion Train to Preston
at Parkside.

3 30 p.m. Mixed
5 p.m. First Class
On Sunday the Departures will he

3 30 a.m. First Class, joinal;ondon.'l44in at 8 30 a.m.
8 15 a.m. Mixed If 30 p.m.
10 30 a.m. „
7 p.m. ~ O f P, 12
2 15 a.m. First Class
7 30 a.m. Mixed
11 30 a.m. „
2 45 p.m. ' , •
The Trains on Sundays stop at First Class Stations only

LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY.

FROM L'rooL TO MANCHESTER.
First Class Second Class
- Morning.. 7 0 Morning
8 45 „ ..10 0 „

FROM MANCHEITER TO L'POOL.
First Class Second Class
- Morning.. 7 0 Morning
9 „ ..10 0
11 15 „ ..11 45 ~
2 0 Aftern. ...It 45 Aftern.
5 0 .. 5 30 ~
7 15 Evening .. 7 15 Mixed
Stop only at Newton & Prkside I
his Train does not start till Three.
NnA VS.
First Class Second Class
8 0 Morning.. 7 0 Mornin
5 0 Aftern. .. 5 30 Aftern.
7 15 Evening .. 7 15 Mixed I
Stop on at Newton & Prkside,
AND WIGAN.
FROM MANCHESTER.
0 Morning'.. First Class

11 0 0 ..11 45 ;,
2 0 Aftern. .. 230 Aftern
445 ~ .. 530

7 15 Evening .. 7 15 Mixed
Stop only at Newton & Prkside I
* Except on Saturdays, when tt
ON SU:
First Class Second Class
8 0 Morning.. 7 0 Morning
5 0 Aftern. .. 5 30 Aftern.
7 15 Evening .. 7 15 Mixed
top only at Newton & Prkside r
TO PRESTON
FROM LIVERPOOL.
8 45 Morning.. First Class
11 0 )9 f t

2 30 Aftein. .. Sec.Ond Class
4 45 ~ .. Mixed

11 15 ,1 • • pg
2 45 Aftern. .. Second Class
5 0 " .. Mixed
715 „ .. First Class
NDAYS.
7 0 Morning.... Mixed
sso Afternoon.. ~
ILTON.

First Class

7 0 Morning..
5 30 Afternoon

TO BO

FROM LIVERPOOL.
S 45 Morning.... First Class
12 0
1 30 Afternoon .. Second Class
5 30 „

FROM MANCHESTER.
9 o Morning.... First Class
11 15 • • • • It
2 45 Afternoon .. Second Class

7 o Morning..
5 So Afternoon
-lELENS.

ON SUNDAYS
7 0 Morning.... Second Class
S 30 Afternoon

TO ST. I-

FROM LIVERPOOL.
7 15 Morning.... Second Class
10 0
~
11 4s ft
2 30 Afternoon.. PP
5 30 PP

Second Class

7 .e Morning..
5 30 Afternoon

FROM MANCHESTER.
7 30 Morning.— Second Class
10 0 ~ •• • •
11 45 9 PP
2 45 Afternoon .. PO
5 30 ~ • •••• IP

ON SUNDAYS
Second Class I 7 0 Morning
5 30 Afternoon
:ORN GAP.
FROM MANCIIESTER
7 30 Morning.... Second chi.
11 45 9, • •
5 30 Afternoon
',WAYS

Second Class

TO RUNG

FROM LIVERPOOL.
7 15 Morning.... Second Class
5 45 „ .... ~
5 30 Afternoon .. ..

ON SU
75 0 Morning.... Second Clan
11 30 Afternoon .. ~

7 0 Morning
5 30 Afternoon „

Second Clam

obipping Inttlligenrt.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 14.—Wind W. Rain

Anaivxn.—Martin, —, from Trinidad—Europe, Batchelor,
from Mobile—Autumnus, Nickson, from Muamichi—Wolf,
from Stettin—Cornelia, Swart, from Harlingen—Twee Gebroeders,
Rik, from Antwerp—Elizabeth Mary Ann, Ball, from Naples—
Fanny, , from Lisbon—Harper, , from Quebec—Ha-
milla, Mitchell, from Smyrna—Mary Ann, Lister, from
Leghorn—Vesper, —, from Trieste—Elsa, —, from Rotter-
dam—Martha, —, from Barbadoes ; sailed 6th July.
Britannia, (steamer) Woodruff, from Boston and Halifax, at this
port; sailed from Boston Ist Aug. and from Halifax, 4th Ang. at
450 p.m. with 76 passengers. On 6th Aug. in lat. 45, long. 54,
spoke the R. H. Allen and Sir George Prevost. On 13th Aug. off
Cape Clear, spoke the barque Rowena, of Beaumaris, and Thomas,
of Whitehaven, both bound up Channel
Wilsons, Campbell, from Trinidad, at this port, sailed 3d July, in
company with the Blundell, for Dublin. Left the Charles Hamerton
loading for this port
Broad Oak, M'Coy, from Bahia at this port, sailed 21st June. The
Resolution and Lady Kinnaird were to sail in a few days, for Ham-
burgh. On the Bth August, in lat 49, long 20, spoke the Sea, hence
for Virginia, and Superior, hence for New York
Joven Teresa, Van Dide, from New York at this port, sailed 18th
July. On the Bth instant, at 10 a.m., spoke the Acadia, (steamer,)
hence for Halifax, in lat 49, long 25. Wind, S. The steamer was
going at the rate of eleven knots an hour

bell, Pentecost,

Robert Pulsford
hence at New Orleans
Senator. -, and Commando, Pierce, hence at Mobile
Champion, Warren, hence at Charleston
John A. Lancaster, Rossa, hence at Virginia
Grace Brown, Duff; Potomac, Dun; Lafayette, Landes; Poca-
hontas, Higgins, and Herald, Myers, hence at Baltimore
T. P. Cope, and United States, hence at Philadelphia
Riga, Smith ; Congaree, Doane ; Brunette, Robinson, and Wil-
liam P: John, Snow, hence at Boston
Bangor, Merrill, hence at Portland
Diadem, Lambert, hence at New York 20th July; Siddons, Pal-
mer, 22nd ; New York, Barstow, 23rd ; Trenton, Bennett ; Adiron-
dack, - Hackstaff, and Portsmouth, Aikin, 26th; Albion, Lovatt ;
Isaac Hicks, Fatten, and Rosata, Murray, 28th ; and Josephine,
Prindle, 31st
Queen Victoria, from New Orleans for Liverpool, off Cape
Florida 15th July
Viola, -, hence for New Orleans, was spoken 13th June, in
lat. 36, long. 25
Alabama, -, from New Orleans for Liverpool, off Tortugas
15th July
Majestic
19th July
Schooner Delight, of Dumfries, and James, were aground on
Burbo Bank this morning, but came off on the flood
Lockwoods, Stephens, for Quebec, has put back

-, from Mobile for Liverpool, off Maternillo Reef

John, , from Liverpool for Quebec, was spoken 6th Aug. in
lat. 48, long. 29
City of Perth, -, hence, at Para

Sisters, Short, from Nassau at Nerites (Cuba)
Eliza, , from Havana off Dartmouth
Hazard, -, hence for It ewfoundland, was spoken 31st July,
in lat 50, long 14
Shamrock, , for Dundee, has put back, with mast carried
away, yesterday, in a squall
Elizabeth Moore, -, for Valparaiso, was spoken on the 16th
June, in Ist 10 S, long 34 W
Agenora, , hence for Quebec, was spoken on the 246 July,
in lat 46, long 33
Champion, Breame, hence and Genoa, at Constantinople, and
sailed 2uth July for Taganrog
Marina, Cock, hence at Constantinople, and sailed 20th July for
Odessa
Galata, , and Beiram, -, hence at ditto
Providentia, Grase, hence at Ostend

Sydney, Cowan, from New Orleans off Cove. and proceeded to
Havre. On the 7th August, passed the Acadia, (steamer,) hence for
Halifax; but Captain Cowan omitted to report the lit and long
Spencer, hence for Rio Janeiro, was spoken on the lath August,
in lat 48, long g _

Ocean Queen, hence for Quebec, was spoken 11 th August, 45
miles W.N.W. of the Smalls

CONSTANTINOPLE, July 22.—An English vessel, coal laden, is
reported to be lost on the Borussa side of the Marmora
DUNTALM, IS LE OF SKYE, Aug. 7.—The Methven Castle, from
Stettin to Liverpool, wheat laden, struck on a rock near the Isle of
Glass, and it is feared will be a total loss

Naw YORK, July 31.—Steam boat Express, in going up Mobile
Bay, igth July, was obliged to throw overboard, in a gale, 400
sacks salt, part of the cargo of the Coromando, from Liverpool

SATURDAY, AUGUST 15.—Wind N.W. fresh

ARRlVED.—Australia, Blanchard, from Maranham7 sailed lst
July—James & Elizabeth, —, from Catania—Heroine, —,
from Lima—Tyrone, —, from Jamaica—Dibdin, Kruger, and
Virginia, Hussey, from Mobile—,Geo. Glen, —, and Findlate'',
Dunn, from Montreal—Paragon ; Renewal ; Helen ; Royal Sove-
reign, and Brooke, from Quebec—Marchioness of Bute, Joblin,
from Odessa—Adonis, —, from Marsala—Angelo, Xavier, from
Lisbon—Carl Christiana, , from Pillau—and Graffin,
from Harlingen.

Queen Victoria, Thompson, from New Orleans, at this port. On
7th Aug. in long. 15, spoke the Royal Albert, from Demerara for
Liverpool
Industry, -, from Quebec for Beaumaris, off Holyhead
President, (steamer) hence for New York, was spoken 6th Aug.
at 5 p.m. in lat. 50 23, long. 23 30

Aimwell, -, hence for St. John, N.B. was spoken 28th July,
in lat. 47, long. 42

Montrose, from Liverpool for
in long. 12

was spoken 6th August,

Princess Victoria, , from Liverpool for Quebec, was spoken
21st July, iu lat. 4ti, long. 57

Bee, L.:--, hende for Lima, was spoken 25th May, in lat. 57 S,
long. 73 •17

1-1-airisOn Chilton, -, hence for Quebec, was spoken and
August, in lat. 45, long. 40
Diligence, -, hence for Miramichi, was spoken 26th July, in
lat. 47, long. 35
Ann, Whinfield, and Rapid, White, hence at Maranham
Ellen, Gill, and Vestal, Graham, hence at Demerara
Mutine Packet, , hence at Barbadoes 6th July
Grace, Pearson, hence at Antigua
Robina, , hence at Port-au. Prince
Richmond, -, hence at Boston
Helen Jane, M'Dowell, from Jamaica, at Mobile
Dahlia, -, from London, at Halifax
James, Owen, and Indian, Fearer, hence at Halifax
Charles, -, hence at Pictou
Clarence, -, hence at St. John, N.B.
Union, hence at St. Andrew, N.B.
England, Catherine, Alexander Grant, and Sisters, hence at
Quebec
Concord, Bartlett, hence at Dunkirk
Margaretha, Roberts, hence at Helvoet