The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1847-01-19 00:00:00

er war

bject,

inconsistent with our principles of management.—Cham-
bers' Journal.

HOW TO OBTAIN A WIFE.—An amusing story is told
in the life of James Gordon, the architect, of the way in
which Vincent Waldre, the artist, who painted the ceiling
in St. Patrick's-hall, Dublin Castle, obtained his wife :
" A strong, though rather comical, illustration of his cha-
racter was given in the mode of his marriage with an En-
glish lady some short time before his visit to Ireland.
When in a convivial mood, with a few select friends, he
was sometimes induced to give the following account of
his courtship and marriage :—` With some others, I was.
invited to a wedding which was to take place in the
neighbourhood of Stowe, in Buckinghamshire.* When
e the parties invited on this occasion assembled at the
or austere life of our church, one only was absent, namely, the bridegroom '

on a sir,

p bedstead, and for

Ter mor

eign, and with such a regimen men may live long.
known that Louis Philip- - some medical opi-

whose presence was, of course, most anxiously required.
The clergyman to officiate, and the vigilant clerk, were
duly in attendance ; minutes passed rapidly away, and
the church clock struck an hour after the appointed time.
All eyes were directed to the porch of the church, until it
became evident that some fatal cause would interfere with
the performance of the ceremony—that all was not right
with€ome of the parties concerned. The worthy clergy-
man at length closed his book, in which was fruitlessly

na
ladles, ha

r, are most inno-

)f one of the greatest practi-
whom our art is honoured. Like Sydenham,
the whole of his therapeutical
The lancet and opium

tact, the king may cat _
pparatus in the head of his cane

ADMINISTRATIO* OF J

TICE TOWARDS AN AMERICAN

JAN IN

•ed at Canton in co:

'a sailor, on board an
I dropped a pot over-
as accidentally killed.

intended bride and bridegroom, then left the church ; the
bride adjusted her veil with a dissatisfied countenance, and
all parties were preparing to depart for their respective
homes. Feeling the distre3sed situation of the neglected
lady, I boldly volunteered my services, and offered my arm
to lead the intended bride out of church. With feelings
I felt a difficulty in checking or explaining, I boldly of-
fered myself as a substitute for the absent suitor. Nor

ch a Chines

Captain Copeland refused to surrender his seaman to the
Chinese authorities, uiless Howqua, the celebrated Hong
merchant, would pledge '
his word that the sailor would be
returned as soon as he had gone through the indispensable
ceremony of "looking at the Chinese judge." i.e.. the
Chinese judge looking at him. TI
_ _

Pon-ie (judge), and
the Emily, and demanded
placed in irons ; this re-
last dispensed with. Pac-
ily, and Cowqua;

was my spirited conduct slightly appreciated—a blush-
ing approval sanctioned my honourable and gallant
conduct. The clergyman was overtaken and requested
to return, as matters had assumed a new feature. Re-
turn he did, but on the explanation of the affair it became
his unpleasant duty to state to the elated and happy pair,
" that three successive Sundays must pass over before it
would be in his power to contribute to the happiness we
so eagerly anticipated.' " In short, the newly betrothed
merit +lto nrcrfrofthwi raPrirtri Tho nricrinal 4,91-

as firmly refused, and

ua, the security merchant of the I
le linguist, being called, fell on thpi.
) hear the demands of the Pon
Etus qould get no interpretation
ext failed, and required to pro,

and knees,
ie. of which the Ameri-

Captain Copeland was
duce the prisoner, Terra-

fatal jar with which h
d bi

g struck

ant, the cause of so many variations of the compass, con-
tinued absent, we may presume with leave ; and his suc-
cessor. Waldre, being a man of honour, a ' chevalier sans

3eing que

ioned, he

nanded the woman

time, at the end of which- the volunteering parties were
happily united

man and wif

to place in it ;
led it into

to HAT IS MoN
when they had both

•On one of these occasions,
Tfectly quiet for a long time,

Dombey's, "what is money .
difficulty. Ho would haie liked to give him some expla-
nation involving the terms circulating medium, currency,

;umeas
" "Oh vc

lon't mean ti
Heaven a

THE LATE HOMICIDE AT BRISTOL.—On Wednesday,
the inquest on Catherine Welsh, who was killed by being
thrown over some stairs by her , husband, on Saturday
week, was resumed at the King George Tavern. The
jury returned a verdict of manslaughter.
Lord John Russell has granted £lOO from the royal
bounty, for the children of ethe late Thomas Hood, Dad
it is believed that the pension so briefly enjoyed by Urie
nail), glancing at his eye, where the bright fire was mother, will be renewed to them in June next.
sparkling like a jewel, little Paul broke silence thus : Peon MAN 1-Mr. Dyce Sombre has petitioned' the
"Papa, what's money?" The abrupt question had such Court of Chancery to increase his allowance. He says
immediate reference to the subject of Mr. Dombey's that £6O per week is not enough for his comfortable
support. We must add that Mr. Sembre only asks for
thoughts, that Mr._ Dombey was quite disconcerted,

said the Child, laying his hands upon the elbows Such was the great quantity of wild fowl in the metro-
-}lair, and turning the old face towards Mr. politan poultry markets, that, on Wednesday, wild ducks
' Mr. Dombey was in a were sold at ls. a couple, teal at 10d. a pair, and snipes at
4d each ; while partridges were as low as is. 6d. a brace,

depreciation of 'Currency, paper, bullion, rates of exchange, µ•
Amongst the novelties in the shape of joint-stock corn-
value of precious metals in the market, and so forth ; but panics is one for insurance against theft, the company,
looking down at the little chair, and seeing what a long for a premium of 205., undertaking to guarantee all loss
way down it was, he answered : " Gold, and silver, and from peculation to the amount of £5O.
shillings. halfpence. You know what TEMPERApICE TROPHY.—The floor of a new temper-
- I know what they are, said Paul. ante hall, opened at Cirencester, is composed of the staves
apa. I mean what's money after of demolished beer barrels—part of the property of a
all ?" ~ ~arch, how old his face was, as he defunct neighbouring brewery.
turner}it up again towards his father's! " What is money On Wednesday, a Court of Directors was held at the
after all!" said Mr. Dombey, backing his chair a little, East India House when Lieutenant-General Sir Wil-
that he might better gaze in sheer amazement at the pre- loughby Cotton, G.C.B.,was appointed commander-in-
sumptuous atom that propounded such an inquiry. " I chief of the Company's forces on the Bombay establish..
mean, Papa, what can it do ?" returned Paul, folding his
ment.
arms (they were hardly long enough to fold), and looking A MoNsTEn..—One night recently, a knacker, at East
at the fire, and up at him, and at the fire, and up at him Henningfield, was discovered in the act of strangling a
again. Mr. Dombey drew his 'chair back to its former horse. The wretch thrust hay into the poor creature's
place, and patted him on the head. "You'll know better
by-and-bye, my man," he said. " Money, Paul, can do nostrils, and then choked it with a halter. Several valu-
able horses in the neighbouring pastures have, of late,
anything." He took hold of the little hand, and beat it died very mysteriously. The knacker is is custody.
softly against one of his own as he said so. But Paul got OBSTINACY.—On Monday, an inquest was held at
his hand free as soon as he could; and rubbing it gently Ware on the body of a man who was run over by a train
to and fro on the elbow of his chair, as if his wit was in at the level crossing near the station. The constable at
the palm, and he were sharpening it—and looking at the the gate tried to prevent him from crossing the line, as a
fire again, as though the fire had been his adviser and train was in sight; but he struggled away, was knocked
iter, repeated, after a short pause :." Anything,, Pa- down by the engine, and killed.

A prisoner in Hertford gaol has died of erysipelas,
supposed to have been produced from a serious cut from
a cutlass, inflicted by one of the county police in cap-
turing the prisoner. The jury, at the coroner's inquest,
thought that the officer had displayed excessive -zeal ra-
ther than want of duty.

AWFUL DISTRESS IN DENTON.—The distress in the
batting business in Denton, near Ashton-under-Lyne, is
such, that the population of this once prosperous village
were never in so distressed a state as at present ; indeed,
there are many famijies who are literally starving to death,
.and whose haggard and puny appearance cannot but strike
every beholder.
STRIKE AMONG THE MINERS IN" SOUTH STAFFORD-
SHIRE.—SeveraI meetings have of late been held by large
numbers of the colliers in South Staffordshire, the object
of which was to concert measures for a general strike, in
the event of the masters refusing to accede to then:de-
mands of continuing the present rates of wages for two
hours less work a day. The masters have had several
meetings also on the subject, and seem determined to re-
sist the demand. Should the price of coal be further ad-
vanced—and this would be the inevitable result of a strike
—the sufferings of the poor in the midland counties, in
the present inclement and very severe season, will be
dreadful.

It is said that a company is about to be formed in
London for the -erection of public ovens, on the same
principle as the baths and wash-houses. The labouring
poor will then be enabled to make their own bread, as
pans and other requisites will be provided, and the baking
performed at a trifling expense.
- The congregation of St. John's Chapel, Bedford-row,
London, contributed on Sunday week the munificent sum
of £1,240, and upwards, after sermons preached by the
Hon. and Rev. B. W. Noel, and the Rev. J. G. Garrard,
in aid of our destitute fellow-subjects in Ireland and
Scotland.

In consequence of the high price and scarcity of pota-
toes, the visiting justices of the Bucks county prison have
ordered a substitution of carrots for potatoes in the
dietary of the gaol.. They have also expressed their de-
termination, in the event of the price of carrots being
raised, to make a trial of rice likewise, as a similar sub-
stitute. •

Worth-Park House, the seat of Joseph Montefiore,
Esq., the eminent merchant, was completely destroyed by
fire at an early hour on Tuesday morning. The mansion
contained thirty-two different rooms. The contents of
the library were entirely destroyed, as well as the whole
of the furniture in the upper rooms. Most of the rare
plants were rescued from the conservatory, and a number
of large looking-glasses-were saved. It is impossible at
present to tell the exact amount of property that has
been consumed, but it must reach at the lowest several
thousand pounds. The proprietor was insured for only
£4700, viz.:—£3ooo on the mansion, and £l7OO on the
furniture. At five o'clock on Wednesday evening, the
ruins were still smouldering.
BEER FROM SUGAR.—A well-informed and intelligent
writer, who appears to have exhausted the subject in a
pamphlet entitled " Good and cheap Beer for the Million,
by the Use of Sugar and Molasses in Public Breweries,"
suggests that sugar may be used, together with barley, in
the proportion of one to four or five, with an improve-
ment to the flavour. As the total quantity of malt used
in brewing and distilling annually is about 4,500,000
quarters, this would release about 1,125,000 quarters of
barley for food. A quarter of malt is generally considered
to have its equivalent in 1801 b. of sugar, or about 2601 b.
of molasses. This quantity of malt, therefore, would be
equivalent to 92,000 tons of sugar ; an addition to our
present supply which, we think it scarcely necessary to
observe, we are not likely to procure early enough to be
of serious assistance in our present emergency. If sugar
could be procured sufficient to release half-a-million of
quarters, that is quite as much as could be expected ;
and even this is a relief not to be despised.
EXTRAORDINARY DECEPTION.—An affair has just oc-
curred at Salisbury, which excited, first much consterna-
tion and afterwards great indignation among the inhabi-
tants of that city. The neighbor

Never since the establishment of horse-racing in Eng-
land have there been so many horses in training as there
are at the present time. The entries for the various stakes,
which closed on the Ist of January, are so numerically
strong, as to leave no doubt in the mind of even the most
prejudiced person that the Bentinck rules have been pro-
ductive of all the good results which were anticipated by
their founder.

MRS. BUTLER (LATE FANNY KEMBLE.)-Mr. Bunn
has made an offer of £5O a night to the lady named above
to re-appear at the Drury-lane theatre. The sum is the
highest ever paid to to Mrs. Siddons—Mrs. Butler's aunt ;
but as Mrs. Butler demands £lOO per night, and Mr.
Bunn cannot comply with such exorbitant terms, the
negociation which was opened has terminated unsatis-
factorily.
The schoolmaster of the Chertsey Union was killed on
Saturday week, by trving to jump from the carriage after
it had started from the Weybridge station on the South
Western line. Having been asleep, he did not hear the
name of the station called out till after the train had
started, when he tried to jump out, but his clothes catch-
ing in the carriages, he fell, and was killed almost instan-
taneously.

SALE OF A WIFE.—A woman, named Harriet Trotter,
was sold by her husband at the Corn Exchange, Shef-
field, on Tuesday, against her will. She and her husband
had often quarrelled, and he threatened to kill her if she
would not consent to be sold by auction. The Mayor of
Sheffield interfered before the woman was removed from
the Corn Exchange and she was placed in custody, and

DESTITUTION IN IRELAND AND SCOTLAND.—The Bri-
tish Association Fund for the relief of the distress in
Ireland and Scotland, at the head of which stands the
Queen's name, that of the Queen Dowager, Prince Albert,
&c., has already reached upwards of £40,000; in addition
to which there is the Famine Relief Fund, so successfully
set on foot by the National Club, which amounts to
between £7OOO and £BOOO, end is daily receiving fresh
subscriptions

Blood of -Castle-street
was alarmed on Saturday morning by cries of " Murder"
from the residence of the Rev. Mr. New, and on entering
the house Mr. New was seen in a state of great excite-
ment, with a carving knife in his hand, with which he
said some burglars had just stabbed the servant girl, who
had alarmed the family by her screams. The house had
apparently been entered by the back door, and bundles
were tied up as if for removal. The neighbours searched
the house and the adjoining houses in vain, and as the
girl had a few days previously given an improbable ac-
count of an attack on her by a robber, the police inspec-
tor searched her box, and there found several articles the
property of Mr. New. The stab she had received with
the carving knife, which was found by Mr. New sticking
in her, was very slight. She was examined before the
magistrates, and remanded. _ _

NOTICE TO QUIT

—Lord Grey has sent despatches to
dependencies who have held

their appointments for six years and more, informing t
that he will observe the rule which was laid down by Sir
George Murray, when Secretary of State for the Colonies,
viz., that six years shall be the duration of a governor's
appointment. His lordship, it is said, has also intimated
that the successors of such governors will be forthwith
appointed, and may be expected within three months from
the receipt of the despatches.
REVIVAL OF LETTERS OF MARONE
ment of business w

A. novel depart-

s commenced on Thursday in the
eastern part of the metropolis, in the shape of the opening
of an office for the purpose of granting letters of marque
and reprisal, according to the decrees, of the Mexican
Government, against the United States. This sounds
strange to the ears of the " new generation," and will
doubtless bring back painful recollections to those who
remember the palmy days of legal buccaneering. The
Spectator judiciously reminds persons feeling disposed to
comply with this invitation, that they had better read the
message of President Polk, in which he declares that cer-
tain privateers will be treated as pirates.
BUCKS MAGISTRATES V. THE GAME LAWS.—At the
recently held Epiphany Quarter Session, at Aylesbury,
two of the magistrates expressed their. disapprobation of
the Game Laws. The Rev. J. Pigott " considered them
detestable laws, and that they were incentive to crime ;"
and said if he had been a poor man, he believed he should
have been a poacher. Mr. John Lee, LL.D., of Hart-
well-park, placed the following motion on the book for
the next session :—" That all expenses incurred in the
prosecution of Game Law offenders shall be paid by the
parties prosecuting, and not by the county ; and that the
clerk of the peace be instructed to give an account of the
number of persons convicted of such offences, with the
expenses relating thereto from the year 1840 to 1846."
GAOL PREFERRED TO HOME !—ln the journal of the
assistant-chaplain of the county gaol read at the late
Gloucestershire Sessions, it was stated that an old of-
fender, of the name of Wilkins, gave as his reason Tor
his many appearances in the prison that he was much
more comfortable there than at his own wretched dwel-
ling, and greatly preferred it ! A general impression of
I not without reason. The inmate
loses his liberty and undergoes some

prison, it is true

irksome labour, but as regards food, lodging, and moral
improvement, he is better off than many honest indivi-
duals of the same station outside the walls.—We observe
from the Chester Sessions report, that a feeling akin to
that alluded to above, also prevails in that county.
POOR-LAW MERCY.-At the petty sessions at Dedding-
ton, before Mr. J. Lechmere and the Rev. W. C. Risley,
the overseer of North Aston applied for an order on
'Flenry Nixon. to sunnort his father. Nixon said he was

unable to support his father, or he would. He earned
nine shillings per week, and had worked on one farm for
forty years : in the summer he was ill for nearly a quarter
of a year, and, as the parish would not relieve him, he was
obliged to get into debt ; this he had not yet been.able to
pay. He was a widower, and had four children, one of
whom kept his house, and the rest were away. The over-
seer said he made the application by order of the Board
of Guardians. The magistrates refused to make an order
on the defendant, and dismissed the case. They ordered
the overseer to pay the poor man for his day's work.
DEATH OF A CHILD THROUGH MEDICINE TAKEN
By THE MOTHER.-On Thursday, an inquest was held
in London, on the body of a child ten weeks old. Mary
Anne Bromfield, the mother, stated that she was unwell
from her recent confinement, and that she took some

pills which caused excessive salivation. She continued to
suckle the deceased, but the infant soon got affected with
the pills, which she (the mother) had taken, and notwith-
standing every care the child died. Other evidence was
given of a similar nature, and the jury returned the fol-
lowing verdict :—" That the deceased died from the
effects of mercury imbibed through the mother's milk,
she having been in a state of salivation, by taking two
antibilious pills, containing not quite two grains of mer-
AI the same time, we do not find that blame was

attributable to any person."
PRICE OF MUSLIN.—A gentleman connected with an
extensive manufacturing establishment in Paisley, when
looking over some papers a few days ago, met with a let-
ter from the correspondent of the house in London, con-
taining the following curious information. The letter is
dated the 17th of April, 1790, the period when the muslin
trade was first commenced in Scotland, and the following
is an extract :—" We have as yet sold only one piece
of our muslins, for which we have received the cash, with
many good wishes for our ?access. We undertand that
fine muslins are most in demand.
a piece of Scotch muslin last Saturday, containing 10 yds.,
for £15., being 30s. per yard." The letter goes on re-
ferring to the prices paid for tamboured muslin •, but the
price stated for plain is by far the most remarkable part
of its contents.—Glasgow Chronicle.
THE IRONMASTERS' MEETING AT BIRMINGHAM,
THURSDAY.—The usual quarterly meeting of the iron-
trade took place in the Town-hall here to-day. .
The
prices agreed to at the last meeting were
fully maintained
at the present. The general
impression amongst the
great makers seemed to be, that there had been an at-
tempt made to raise prices inconsistent with the legiti-
mate demand for iron. The orders from Belgium were
considered good, but these were dependent on the adher-
ence to existing prices ; and we are able to announce, on
the best possible authority, that there is not the slightest
movement in the iron-trade of such a character as to war-
rant any advance over existing rates. Bar-iron was re-
pprted firm, and pigs are from ss. to ss. 6d. better than
at' the last quarter-day. The present prices of coal are

not likely to suffer any diminution at present, such being I
the demand•for the commodity that extreme difficulty is
felt in supplying the furnaces. The general trade of the
districk is firm and satisfactory.
EXTRACTION OF TEETH DURING THE EFFECTS PRO-
DUCED BY THE INHALATION OF ETHER. The above ap-
plication of ether has just been successfully applied in
practice by Mr. Lewellin, dentist, Glasgow. The subject
of the experiment was a young gentleman of about 23
years of age. The inhalation was continued fora dura-
tion of two minutes, although in ordinary cases a much
shorter time might suffice, as owing to a slight misconcep-
tion on the part of the patient, the inhalation was con-
verted into a swallowing process. Of course the casualty
had no objectionable effect beyond that of increasing the
time necessary to produce the state required. During the
inhalation, the pulse of the patient rose from 64 to 80,
and his face became slightly flushed, yet not the least ap-
pearance of a paroxysm of coughing ensued, as was ob-
serl.ed in the American experiments. His sensibility as
to surrounding objects, as well as to the nature of the
operation, was, however, undiminished, yet, notwith-
standing the seeming inconsistency, the removal of the
tooth (a molar in the upper jaw) was effected without
causing the slightest pain or inconvenience of any kind.
THE HYDROPATHIC SYSTEM.—On Friday an inquest
was held, at Enfield, near London, on the body of Martha
Hobbs, and 20, whose death was alleged to have taken
place throfigh hydropathic treatment. Eliza Ronsell,
servant to Mr. Swanwick, Chase Sida, Enfield, said the
deceased was in the same service up to Tuesday week.
She had not been in good health since last September.
She was able to go about her work till last Monday fort-
night, when she complained that she had a cold. On
Monday she was in a state of delirium. On the following
day, she was worse. The next day she was removed to
her aunt's, a Mrs. Betts, and erysipelas made its appear-
ance on her face and the side of her head. She took hy.
dropathic remedies, such as putting on a night cap which
was wet with tepid water, and kept so day and night.
Dr. Lovell, attended deceased. The evidence of a sur-
geon who made a post mortem examination, went to
prove that the immediate cause of death was inflamation
of the pericardium. The treatment which deceased re-
ceived was most in judicious. The Coroner summed up
the evidence, when the jury, after about two hours' con-
sultation, returned a verdict of manslaughter against Dr
Lovell as principal, and Mrs. Bell as accessory. The
inquiry lasted seven hours.—John Bull.

At the Thames Police-court, on Tuesday week, Colonel
Richard Wright, described as Consul-General for Ecu-
ador, was charged at the instance of Inspector Evans with
an infringement of the Foreign Enlistment Act, in con-
nexion witb the late Flores expedition. The chief wit-
ness was Mr. Harvey Garnett Phipps Tuckett, late of
the 11th Hussars ; who deposed to the enlistment of sol-
diers under the name of emigrants. Mr. Tuckett had
himself engaged with Colonel Wright to join the expedi-
tion as lieutenant-colonel, at a pay of £2O a month. He
had received an advance of £5O ; but the vessel in which
he was to have sailed being seized, and considering that
he had not been handsomely treated, he laid the informa
tion on which the proceedings were founded. , Mr. Tuc-
kett admitted, on cross-examination, that he had been a
party to the framing and publishing of two documents
which were read, holding out fine promises to " emi-
grants," and which he knew to contain false statements.
Colonel Wright was held to bail, himself in £4OO, and
two sureties in £2OO each. Colonel Wright was again
brought up on Tuesday, and again remanded. He has
been since committed to take his trial.

PAINLESS SURGICAL OPERATIONS.—Guy's Hospital
on Tuesday was crowded to excess by members of the me-
dical profession from all parts of the metropolis and from
the country, to witness the results of two surgical opera-
tions under the new process of inhalation of ether. The
first case was that of a boy, 12 or 14 years of age, for litho-
tomy (or stone). When brought into the theatre and
bound as usual, Mr. Robinson, of Gower-street, the in-
ventor of the apparatus, offered the pipe for inhalation to
the patient. At first he refused to be operated upon, on
account of the many persons present. By some tact the
pipe was introduced, the nose closed, and in two minutes
Mr. Robinson said the patient was ready. The operation
then comnienced, and in one minute more the stone was
removed by Mr. Morgan, the operator. The boy removed
to his bed ; and on being visited by the surgeons, and on
being shown the stone, " Ah," said he, " you never took
that from me, I knows, as I never felt it." The next case
was still more extraordinary. The patient was a man
about 30 years of age, suffering from congenital hernia,
the operation for which is, perhaps, the most severe and
prolonged in surgery. When brought into the operating
theatre, he readily took the " vapour." From four to five
minutes the word was given to Mr. Key, the operator in
this instance, by Mr. Robinson, to commence the opera-
tion. From the commencement to the completion of the
operation, the patient was under the knife from 15 to 20
minutes. On his recovering he was asked by those around
him if he had felt pain, and replied " Not in the least ;
he had been looking at those gentlemen outside, up there."
He alluded to numbers who could not gain admittance,
and had availed themselves of the skylight of the theatre.
[Op Thursday, Mr. Parker, of Kirkdale, operated on a
boy nine years of age, for the removal of squinting, after
producing insensibility, by the inhalation. The experi-
ment was completely successful.]

THE SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION OF COTTON
FOR 1846 AND 1847.

(For the Boston Daily Advertiser.)
Within a few months there has been & large advance on
the previous prices of cotton. This has not been caused
by a scarcity of that commodity in the markets of con-
sumption. It is true that the stocks in Europe have de-
creased, but they are larger than at any former period,
except the two or three past years. They are so large
that if our crop should fall below any of the estimates
which have been made of it, still the supplies for 1847
would far exceed the quantity 'required for consumption.
If this is a correct view of the case, then the late rise of
prices, predicated as it has been on the belief that the
supply for 1846 will fall short of the consumption, cannot,
upon commercial principles, be permanently maintained.

In the season o 1 184 S-1844, there was, as will long be
remembered by many persons who dealt extensively in
cotton, an augmentation of some thirty or forty per cent.
on its previous prices. This advance was not a natural—
a legitimate one ; it was caused—first, by the circulation
of grossly erroneous estimates of the crop, as was subse-
quently shown by its returns ; secondly, by an ignorance
of, or by an utter disregard to, those facts in the case, a
knowledge of which should regulate the prices of commo-
dities, namely, the extent of the supply as compared with
the demand for them.
Under the influence of the misrepresentations. 44
nedor mis-
takes of persons dealing
in cotton, pricestai .
in were
enormously increased, but they were not long
lon t go 1
the d,
14311maintainecurrent
Naoorfarcaans tihtenityte attributedreaadsvnannacbelymbice
belief, on the part of a portion of the community, that
the supply of cotton will fall short of its consumption.
The early estimates of the cotton crop, which for obvious
reasons, are never entitled to much confidence, were
extremely discouraging, but not more so than those which
have generally been placed before the public by parties
who have an interest in raising the price of that staple,
As the season advanced, every estimate from the cotton
region has been more favourable than the precediTleonaensa
According to a statement made up by
aor tiirenesd cropin wasthe
continuance of the
papers respectableaom some
house k
weeks
n since,Sa v
tnhaeh , wriic
out-turnba
rapidly • '
increasing
4)f)c?g together withA
t weatherthen placed
for atpicking, ,175
receipts of cotton at the ports of shipment, seem to
encourage.a belief that the crop will transcend the quality.
But it is said that the crop is Bhbrt. This we admit.
But what does that term imply but an out-turn below an
average one. Seven years since the crop amounted to
2,177,835 bales. The cultivation of cotton, as is shown
by annual returns, has increased at the rate of about 7
per cent. per annum. The cotton producing ability of the
country may, then, be considered as equal to something
more than 3,000,000 of bales. That, however, would be
considered as a redundant crop. If, however, we take
2,500,000 bales, which is only 122,000 more than the crop
of 1842-43, then 2,200,000 bales may reasonably be con-
sidered as a very short crop. Nevertheless, in order to
be within bounds, we shall assume 2,100,000 as the
product of the. present season.
The cotton season ends the 31st August, and we shall,
therefore, take the stocks on hand here and in Europe at
that date, in forming an estimate of the supply for 1846.
Supply of Cotton for Europe and the United States,
for 1846.
Stock on hand in the ports of Europe, 31st *
1
'
August, 1846,1,057,123
Ditto in United States ports ditto ditto - 107,122
Imports into Europe from countries other
400,000
than the United States,
2,100,000
Crop of the United States, - - - -

3,664,245

Consumption,
Great Britain, . - - 1,620,000
France, - - - - - - - 400,000
Continent of Europe, exclusive
of France, - - - - - - 300,000
United States, - - - 460,000- 2,780,000

Stock on hand 31st August, 1847, - - 884,245
The consumption of Europe is based upon the expecta-
tion that prices will not be augmented beyond those paid,
the past six months, by the manufacturers of Great Bri-
tain and France. If there is any considerable advance on
these prices, it is pretty certain there will be a diminished
consumption. H. L.
Novenzberl3, 1846.

MR. EDITOR :—A writer in your journal, under date of
the 13th inst., after informing the public of a fact, which
had already acquired some notoriety, viz., that an advance
in cotton had taken place, uncertakes to show that "upon

commercial principles, the late rise in prices cannot W
permanently maintained."

- For this purpose he assumes, notwithstanding the mast
of evidence against it, that the present crop will amour
to 2,100,000 bales, and that with this crop, added to the
production in other countries and to the stocks in all the
ports on the 31st August last, and estimating the con-
sumption of the world at 2,780,000 bales for the twelve
following months, that the stock on the 31st August, 1847,
will be 884,245 bales. This is well as far as it goes, but
let us look a little further. Supposing the crop of the
Present year to have reached its various points of destina-
tion by the 30th August, 1847, there must necessarily be
a lapse of three or four months before supplies can be de-
rived from a new crop. Taking therefore the consump-
tion at the figures assumed by the writer above alluded
to, say in round numbers at 232,000 bales per month, it
would amount from the 31st August to the 31st Decem-
ber, the usual time for taking the stock in Europe, to
928,000 bales, or 44,000 bales more than his accumulated
stock on the 31st August, out of his abundant supply for
1847. We will allow 100,000 bales of the new crop, the
growth of 1847, to reach the different ports of consump-
tion by the Ist January, 1848, and in that case the stock
in all the ports on the 31st December, 1847, will amount,
agreeably to H. L.'s own figures to 56,000 bales, against
a stock in the ports of Europe on the 31st December,
1845, of 1,219,000 bales.
It appears to me therefore that your intelligent corre-
spondent could not have thoroughly examined this im-
portant subject, when he made the assertion alluded.to us
the first part of this communication.
It would be very easy to go into other arguments and
statistics to show, not only that the late advance in prices
is well founded, but that it is likely to be permanent from
the fact that the consumption has overtaken the growth.
—But I will not trespass upon your valuable room to prove
what must be so apparent to every one. I will only al-
lude in conclusion to the critical position the Cotton ma-
nufacturers throughout the world would be placed in,
should any serious disaster occur to • our next crop; and
ventu.e the opinion that a liberal augmentation of prices I
on their part at this time would, be judicious policy, in
orde, to stimulate the production of Cotton wherever it I
can be grown, the low rates for a few years past having I
unquestionably led to an abandonment of its culture to s''
considerable extent. S. H. F.
November 28th. A

A writer in your paper (S. H. F.) in commenting on all
estimate of the supply and consumption of cotton; pub
lished in your journal of the 17th November, says, tha
the stock in all the ports, on the 31st of December, 1847 t
will amount, agreeably to H. L.'s own figures, to 56,00 V
bales." If this is a correct view of the case, the stippl4
of cotton in Europe and this country will be reduced to
about one week's consumption at the close of the ensuing
year, on the supposition that our crop should prove to be'
2,100,000 bales. But it is intimated by your corresondent
that we have over estimated the crop. We admit that,
at this moment, opinions of many intelligent persons
deeply interested in the purchase and sale of cotton, are
in favor- of 2,000,000 bales ; while some estimates go
down to 1,900,000 bales. If the crop should prove to be
only 2,000,000 bales, then, according to the anticipations
of S. H. F., the supply of this important material of ma-
nufacture will be exhausted before the termination of the
approaching year. _ _

'our correspondent alludes to " the critical position in
which cotton manufacturers will be placed should any
serious disaster occur to our next crop." If, however,
the construction put upon our statement is a correct one,
the manufacturers are already in a very critical condition:
for, should there be even a moderate degree of apprehen-
sion abroad that the -stock will be reduced to a week's
supply, the holders of cotton would .be unwise to part
with it at prices short of double the existing ones. EN en
with a reasonable prospect of a reduction of stock to two
month's consumption, a material which gives employ-
ment to so much capital and labour would be considered
an object •of safe speculation at prices far in advance of tha
current ones.

But the estimate of H. L. is not susceptible of the con,.
struction given to it by your correspondent. The error
proceeds from the adoption of our figures for the supply
and demand for twelve months. With this correction
your correspondent will arrive at the same result as the
one which has been the subject of his remarks.
It is contended by S. H. F. that " consumption has
overtaken growth." Such is the fact, but it should be
borne in mind that the present and the past crops are
some three br four hundred thousand of bales below what
might 43e considered as an average out-turn, and nearly s
million of bales below what might be deemed a luxuriant
crop. Secondly, it should be recollected that the stock
in Europe has been so much in excess of the usual quan-
tity, as to have made up for a deficiency in> our crops.
If, however, the season of 1847-1848 should, as your
correspondent intimates, be an unfavourable one, as much
so as the two past ones, and consumption is not curtailed
by high prices—then prices may hereafter range higher
than the existirn

Again, your Correspondent says, that in view of the
facts of the case, prices ought to be higher than those
heretofore current. We think he is right ; but the ques-
tion is as to degree. It seems to be overlooked in many
of the discussions upon cotton, that the present prices
are from 50 to 60 per cent. higher than those paid in the
season of 1843-1844—at least by those persons who
abstained from purchasing during the continuance of the
gambling mania, which, for a short period, carried nP
prices fifty per cent. above the subsequent prices paid
for it.

In the article sent you, it has not been contended that
present, or even higher prices would not be paid for
cotton during the season. There is, indeed, reason to
suppose they will go higher, since,whatever may be the
facts in the case, and the reasonings upon them, if those
who
belief
toe abree
continuesi n want
hereafter, of
th
eat.pricesit, h e 1 i
vi!
wigtohtooo
nlbi or
iel
sdl
ionwcgoetrst
ootnh a,
longnan itad
sitsthh
likelyste be
The prices of cotton, it may not be amiss to remarlo
are now from 10 to 15 per cent. higher than shipments to
England will net, according to prices current on the 18th
November. But the accounts are not very encouraging
for a permanent maintenance of prices. A letter from
London correspondent engaged in importations of cotton
from India, writes as follows :—" Our cotton market

keeps buoyant on speculation, but unless your crop falo
short of two millions of bales, I do not think our coo'
sumption likely to reduce our stock so as to maintaili,
prices. On the other hand, if the reports of a diminisheo
crop should prove to be exaggerated, we shall have a re'
action from the present excitement."
The remarks in the circular of Messrs. Baring and Col
whose statements and opinions we have heretofore foulio
to have been trustworthy, are in concurrence with thool
of our. correspondent. "The stock at the close of Oil
year (says the circular) will be moderate, but the state 0
trade in the manufaCturing districts is far from satisfae'
tory. The twist market has declined, and a dull winter
expected. If the crops of the United States do not
exceed 2,000,000 bales, we think present prices may M
supported for a time, in the face of the expected under'
current of increasing value of money."

In a letter from a shipping-house in Manchester, there
is the following passage : ' A struggle has been main'
tained between buyer and seller of goods •, the former
seeing no prospect of remuneration in the foreign mat;
ket, but from low prices ; whilst the latter has to contend
with almost daily increasing rates for the raw materiO'
A remedy for both can be found in a reduction of titai
and labour, at once giving confidence to the exporter '3.:
goods, and a check to the speculation in cotton. We are
happy to say that such a movement is now more tbil,
,":
probable, for already several mills in the district halo
commenced running short time."
Other accounts, however, take a somewhat more cheer'
manufacturingsshould be an advance on the P
areprospects. In this countrl'
not better than those in
Pre-
sent gntvlupai fenrawidect,eous fur
oi
nnfl gecsospt rttoohns ep r
e
e c
fabrics,—and such a change is 11°t1
we apprehend, likely soon to take place. IL I.
December 4, 1846.

/IV
Mn. EDITOR,—In commenting upon an article in 17-4
journal of the 17th Novemibmerrllfoyausattno,ocover
controvert
signaturertp
os
itio.ol
" H. L." my object was s
assumed by that writer, that the recent rise in the price j
couldcotton w
not,as
therefore,
effoourne founded' upone
permanentlycom me commercial
maintained.principles,
appearance
ps
tpt
are
rtu
abf
nrl Itheerr
atreniethinis
subs
from of
same pen, in which
has changed or modified his prevh”:,4
,pvreaclpit t
ee, srhrboou(futtlthdhfooenurgolth2t theheha
evi
views) attributes to tae " an error in the adoption of
figures " in relation to the supply and demand for
months, stating that I had allowed for a consumptios fo
16 months, while he would give the impression tot 4,
casual reader that I had given a supply but for 12 monti'j
If "H. L." will refer to my former article, he will 11,,,
that I took for the supply, "for the additional P ft
months," the stock which he estimated would remain,/
hand at the end of his 12 months—say the 31st August
and added thereto the probable supply that could. 1:v
derived from the new crop, prior to the 31st Decerabr,
1847. If "H. L." can point out any other source ft-014,
which a supply can be obtained between the 31st Augg'
and 31st December, I will cheerfully admit that I had'
met his argument unfairly ; but if he cannot, I 01,Y0
maintain that I have assumed correct grounds. It is trili
not,
that the cotton, the production of the present year, 10
as assumed by the above-named writer, reach
ports at the period he has fixed upon ; but this is of 11
consequence so far as the main point in the argumentoi
concerned. If it should not have so arrived, his stock, si
course, will be so much the less on the 31st August 114
as there may be in transitu or remaining in the shipP
ports.
While upon this subject, I will trespass a little furtPle
upon your courtesy by calling the attention of the r 09131
facturers and others interested to the fact, that at the x,;
visitation of the caterpillar before this, it extendesd
ravages over two crops—viz., 1840 and 1841—redu,
the production of these two years respectively Iri"
2,177,000 bales in 1839 to 1,635,000 and 1,685,000 ha l;
The general mildness of our weather thus far correspitt
with that in 1840; and it is much to be feared that d,
.germ of the enemy may not be destroyed. But per',
It is premature to speculate upon so sad an event, ,
should consider any disaster to our next crop to be.
" H. L." has kindly furnished us with extracts Poi
respectable English letters, which show certainly that tV
state of trade is not in as prosperous a condition 1,5
manufacturers desire. But this matter will prnhablQ
remedied by lessening the production of goods and Y;,Y
—a proceeding which must necessarily take place fil'e
deficiency in the raw material, as there is little hot'
our crops reaching 1,900,000 bales. tt
In reply to the remarks of " H. L." with regard „
comparative prices of cotton, I would ask him this' lite
tion—What reduced the price in Liverpool of fair uPept:
from 7d. per lb. (which was about the standard for Yd4.‘
oftener above than below it,) to 4d. per lb. ? His Barr
will be, I presume—An over accumulation of stock.
accumulation being now removed, why should not
be restored to their former equilibrium, even • 1
average crop ? - B.
Savannah, December 16M, 1846.