The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1838-11-13 00:00:00

CHAIRMAN. OF MR. CROPPER'S COMMITTEE.

TO THE ..EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.
SlR,—Having observed a letter in the Albion of this day,
signed " John Finch, jun.," from which it appears that I was
in error in my statement at the dinner given to me in South
'roxteth Ward, when 1 said "that be was a Socialist, a sys-
tem subversive of all order, and therefore he was unfit to be
chairman of Mr. Cropper's committee," I would state in
reply, that I understood it to be his father who held that
office, and not the son, when I made that statement; and it
affords me sincere pleasure to be set right, and to observe
that the errors of the parent have not descended upon the
child, as the latter has indignantly repelled the accusation
advanced by me.
Wilful misrepresentation shall never emanate from me,
and therefore I do him this justice; but as to his other re-
flections, whatever he may think me to be, either by nature
or education, I consider them merely the hasty effusions of
the moment, when stung with the idea that he should for a
moment be mixed up with his father's wanderings; but he
must be aware, that it wilt sometimes happen that the sins
of the father will descend upon the children, and this has
been his case in th,s instance; but his immediate and dis-
tinct disavowal of those dangerous tenets is honourable to
the understanding of the son. That candour which prompts
me to write this, I trust will be met by the like honourable
usage on his part, whenever we may come into coalition
amid the strife of parties.
I am, Sir, yours respectfully,
'THOS. M. GLADSTON E.
Bootle, 12th November, 1838.

[JOSHUA WALMSLEY, ESQ

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL ST.4NDARD.

Stn,—Passing through the Exchange, I picked up this
letter; on looking at it I found it addressed to you; it ►vas
without wafer or seal. I think some person must have dropt
it : I shall drop it in your box as I pass.
Yours, &c.
A MEMBER OF THE REFORM ASSOCIATION.
have not time to read it through; I. see it is signed
by our Chairman.
Castle-street, Nov. 10, 1838.

DEAR Stn,—You will, I doubt not, be much surprised at
receiving a letter from me; I should not have troubled you
but that being most shamefully used by my friends, and
wishing to make my complaint to the world, I applied in vain
to the liberal journals, they having, one and all, positively
refuseJ to lend me their paper fur the purpose,—in this emer-
gency, I turd to you, mine enemy, hoping that you, though no
liberal, will not turn me away in despair. Should you in pity
lend me your ear for a few. moments, I will a tale of woe
unfold. You remember, sir, that some little time ago, it was
reported that I was about to retire from public life altogether
—to give up my situation of Chairman of the Reform Asso-
ciation. This report was founded on fact; I was about to
retire, for I at that time felt quite sick of public life, and well I
might, liner the scurvy manner in which I was treated at the
appointment of magistrates. I, who thought myself the
Great Mogul of the council; 1, at whose nod the council
stood in awe; 1, at whose frown the council trembled; I, even
I, was basely rejected. Yes, sir, those men who had flattered
me, who bad told me that I was the leading man amongst
them—that I was the grPatest of the great; in fact, that the
council was nothing without me—these very men actually
(through the ballot box) voted against me, and I was shame-
fully beaten. I say then, sir, that I had good reason to be sick
of public life. From that time I determined to resign, which 1
should have done but fur a circumstance which I shall now
relate. It seems that myfriends, seeing that I was in earnest,
resolved to throw me another sop, and I am actually ashamed
to confess that I took the bait. About three nights after the
appointment of magistrates, as I was pacing backwards and
forwards in my room, (with clenched ti,ts, vowing eternal
vengeance on all that bore the name of radical,) I heard a
tap ut toy door. "Come in!" cried I, fiercely ; a serl?aut
entered, and handed me a letter, which I opened, and read as
follows:—" At a meeting of the town council, held last night,
at the Angel Inn, tke following resolution was paised unani- '
mously ' Itesoived, that this meeting do intend to make J.
Walmsley, Esq. mayor next year, to compensate him for his
disappointment in not being made a magistrate.' "—This
had a wonderful internal effect upon me ; my heart beat.
quick—my soul seemed to expand and feel too large for my
boils—already did I fancy myself what 1 long -wished to be,
the King of the Council. I felt too, sir, that I was not desti-
tute of charily, for at that moment a holy calm came over me,
and I forgave all those men that had so deeply injured me.
Yes, sir, I could at that moment have embraced all of them,
—that is, if they would but make me Mayor. The change
that came over my outward man was 'not' less remarkable :
the cloud that had been gathering upon my brow (ready
to burst with tremendous fury upon the heads of my friends
of the council) instantly cleared away, and a bright sun-
shine took its place, and remained there till I. read
your paper to-day, when I confess a slight gloom came over
me; it was not, however, till after the council had met that
I found out how I hul been jilted. I had some hopes that
you were mistaken about the number of those who voted for
toe at the Angel the other night, and so it seems you were,
fur you stated them to be nine, whereas they proved in the
council to be only six. I shall not att.sannt to describe to
you my feelings on the numbers being counted. I rushed from
the council chamber in a state of madness, uttering curses
both loud and deep. What, sir, was it not enough to .make
Rathbone mayor before me? What if he did spitin General
Gascoyne's face, and call the Rev. Hugh M'Neile a liar in
the council chamber, and threaten to wallop the editor of the
Courier? I have dune as good, yea better services to the
cause of reform than these. Did I not go to London for a
candidate ? Did I not, when I had found one, most glori-
ously deceive him by tacking a 'list of names, colleCted for
another purpose, to his requisition? Thus making him be-
lieve he lied a chance of being returned, though I knew full
well he had none. And did I nut, by -means of my tool,.
Knipe, get all the tory freemen objected to, in hopes. that
some of them, not being able to leave their work, would be
struck off the list? And did I not, after this, when told-of
what I had done, stoutly deny it? All this, and much more
have I done for reform; and yet see how 1 um treated : not
only is Earle and Rathbone made mayor before me, but of
all other men in the world, Hugh Hornby ; and that, too,
after I had been an faithfully promised. • But the Mercury of
to-day puts out a feeler. I shall be mayor next year shall
? No, no; I am not to be done again. And now, Mr.
Editor. can you do anything for me? 1 know you have
some influence with the Conservative Association. Can you
recommend me to their notice. Ido not want to he Chair-
man. No; any office will do for me, if I can but vent my
spleen on toy former friends. Did 1 not kuow that you were
above'such practice, I would offer myself as objector-general
to your association. I could get. Knipe again for a mere trifle;
off the list .of voters ;*or:if required, we could object to every
reformer under heaven. You wilt think of it, and try what
you can do for me, for I cannot stay longer where I am. And
in the mean time, I subscribe myself, with bitter hatred to
all reformeis, and, if I were not fearful of choking, I would
add, love to all conservatives,
Yours, with much respect.
J, WALMSLEY.
November 9, 1838.

THE LIVERPOOL OPERATIVE PROTESTANT

ASSOCIATION.

TO EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL ST-4NDIRD.
Sll2,—Perrnit me, through the medium of your valuable
paper, to correct an unintentional inaccuracy in the speech
of the Rev. Mr. Davies, at the Music-hall, on Friday evening
last, and to explain the objects of the above society as briefly
as possible. The reverend gentleman, accounting for the
small attendance at that meeting,'(Music-hall.) among other
causes, attributed it to one which had assembled for the pur-
pose of forming au Operative Protestant Society in connec-
tion with St. Jude's Church. Now, I wish to observe, that
it is by no means confined to any particular congregation,
but to the Protestants of Liverpool generally, The committee
having been formed from the members of several congrega-
tions, my only motive for correcting the mistake is, that per-
sons wishing to join the association may not be deterred from
so doing by the supposition that me tubers of St. Jude's only
are admissible.
The object of the association was most ably and powerfully
laid before the meeting by the chairman, the Rev. F. Ould,
in the unavoidable absence of the Rev. M`Neile, and was
received with enthusiastic applause. It was then stated that
the associatiou was to have pure religion for 'its basis; a
society whose members inight be able to prove byAheir lives
the vast superiority of Protestantism over Popery--in pro-
ducing love to qod,-loyalty to the sovereignty, and mutual
good-will among brethren. Their object is not so much to
elicit meie physical force as regards number Si but to present
such an accumulation of principle as shall prove to demon-
stration that if all those who claim Protestantism as their
religion would follow the footsteps of those from whom they
have derived that name, Popery would never have gained
that ascendancy, which, through their neglect of duty, she
has attained, and which now threatens to overthrow our estab-
lishments, which our forefathers have cemented with their
blood, and which have so long formed the bulwarks of our
civil and religious liberties.

The object of the society is furthermore to enable every
member to be ready at any season to giVe a reason fur the
hope that is in him ; it is to compose a fellowthip into whieh
any person will be received who is resolved henceforth to use
every lawful exertions to resist the encroachments of the
Church of Rome, and in a Christian spirit to endeavour to
convince the members of that church of the dangerous errors
and soul-destroying principles of that system, and to evince
a marked and determined opposition, upon all occasions, to a
system so abhorrent to good government and the best interests
of true religion. I am, dear Sir, yours respectfully,
THE SECRETAR Y of THE ABOVE ASSOCIATION.

THE STEAM-SHIP LIVERPOOL.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE A1,1310N.

S it, —As a vast deal of erroneous Opinion has been created
upon the subject of the cause of the return of the Liverpool,
by the premature departure front Cork of some of the pas-
sengers, I, as an eye-witness of what took place.there during
the four or. five days previous to her second departure, shall
not, perhaps, be considered as uselessly occupying your co-
lumns, in giving a statement of facts c onnecterl with the
question. The causes of the Liverpool's return were two-
fold—first, a larger consumption of coal than was expected;
and, second, a succession of gales of so violent a nature that,
to use the phrase of a passenger, it seemed madness to conti-
nue to face them. The cause of the opposition of the de-
merits being beyond our inquiry, it leaves the first point only
to consider; anti the following extract front a note addressed
to be by Mr. Shaw, the Company's Marine Manager, will, I
think, when coupled with the experimental trip front Cuve,
entirely set that matter at rest:—

" °rimy arrival in Cork flout Dublin, I learnt, to my great
surprise, that the entire onus of the Liverpool's return was
placed- upon me; and with such unjust prejudices many of
the passengers left Cork, consequently putting it out of my
power to give to them the same satisfactory explanation that
have been able to do to those who remained, and who are.
in consequence, determineed to proceed out in the vessel to
New York. In the first place, I am blamed for making al-
terations in the furnaces after the vessel returned from her
experimental trip to Dublin; the plain fact is, and 1 defy
contradiction, I made no alteration whatever. I suggested,
that the funnels should be lengthened three feet, as the diaft
was not sufficient to keep up the steam to the full power;
and Mr. Forester, the maker of the engines, who was on
board, concurring in the suggestion, he added the three feet
to the length of the funnels', which, I am sure, he would not
have dune, if his opinion had been opposed to mine. The•
experimental trip from Coveand back has proved the correct-
ness of the suggestion, and the funnels remain at the addi-
tional length. I also suggested, that the back fire bars
should be raised a little, but which was not done for want of
time. In, my instructions to the head engineer, it will be
observed, that I laid great stress on the use of the expansion
valves; judge, then, boy annoyed I was, when I arrived on
board the Liverpool in Cove, to find they could not be made
available beyond twenty-four inches of a seven-feet stroke
consequently they were of no service whatever, as the lap of
the slide valves cut off the steam to that extent. With re-
spect to the feel, I assert, in justice to myself, that Messrs.
Forester and M'Gregor knew the quantity of coals and other
fuel on board—the former read my instructions to the engi-
neer of the Liverpool, and se did his foreman, Mr. Robinson,
and they both concurred in them, and in the quantity of fuel
on board. She took out from Liverpool 563 tons,. while the
Great Western, a larger vessel, never used more than about
450 tons."

After Mr. Shaw had explained to the assembled passengers
the above particulars, he caused the expression valves to be
altered at a foundry in Cork, and the Directors then gave
instructions, that au experimental voyage should be per-
formed, under the entite control of Captains Parker and
Story, two of the most experienced and able steam-ship eons,
mariClers in Cotk, the latter Lloyd's surveyor, in order to
obtain from them their opinion of the Liverpool, both in a

nautical point of view and with reference to her consumption
of fuel. ; The result was, that, with the use of the expansion
valves up to forty:two inches, twenty-two hours out of-the
twenty-four occupied in the trip, the consumption of coals •
was brought down to twenty-five cwt. per hour. The captains
gave in a report, testifying to that effect, and stating that the • - >•`
vessel had, upon this consumption, twenty days fuel on board A.
when she left Liverpool, atd expressing, also, their entire
convection of the capability of the ship, in a nautical point -
of view,' to perlolin her voyage successfully to New Yoik. .- •
The vast utility of the expansion valve was proved by the
Great Western, in her first voyage ; the log-book of a filch •,
says, "By means of the expansion. valve, a great saving of
fuel may be effected, with little loss of speed ; that, with half -
the steam, two-thirds of the power may be obtained at all
times."

~

As may naturally be supposed, the reports of Captains
Parker and Story restored entire caufidence amongst the
passengers remaining. The whole of• theM assembled at a
dinner given, at Cot k, by the Directors, the day beture the
Liverpool's departure, and, throughout the evening the ut-
most cordiality prevailed. A gentleman, one.of the passen- ,• ,„„o
gers proposed the health of Mr. Shaw, which was drank most ,-;,-tyc,,
enthusiastically, with three times three ; and a requisition was.
drawn up, and signed by the passengers, requesting him to ,
accompany them to New York, " not oubting, that, by hi-3
presence and assistance on the occasion, the security and con:.-_
fort of the voyage would he essentially promoted." , In Short,
so completely had the events of the past few days ch4nim4
the opinions of the passengers, with regard to Mr. ShaW, that' • -
•
several of them got up at table and said, unless he went out
with them, they should decline going : and he has, accordin,,4
accompanied them.
In reflecting upon
.the circumstances which I have detaileir,":--=‘:
we perceive another striking proof of the impropriety of •
forming hasty opinions, and acting upon theta. Had the
gentlemen, who immediately left the Liverpool on her return, •
remained until time bad been given for explanation, they
would, no doubt, have adopted the same resolutions as the ,
other passengers who have proceeded with the vessel, c-nd ,
would thus have avoided wounding the feelings of an in-
dividual who is second to none in his position, eitherin ex-
perience, ability, or energetic' industry, and who is, at all
times, ready to sacrifice his own advantage and comfort to .
serve others.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant, • -i!
VINDICATOR., ,

THE LIVERPOOL STEAMER.

(FROM THE CORK SOUTHERN REPORTER OP TUESDAY...) .
The Liverpool started again this morning for New York, -
about forty of the sixty-three passengers whom.she bad <tn .
board when first • leaving Liverpool proceeding in her. The- • .-•
weather has been all this day boisterous enough ; bet- as the z
difficulty which the vessel had to overcome
.in. her • passage :• .•
was the great consumption of cowl, and as that appears to be
conquered, she will, in all probability, make a good run, and
soma relieve the distressing doubts and auxietiea *hi: at-Winn
prevail about her in New York. All the accounts we have
seen and heard represent the Liverpool to be a line.sea. yes-
sel. From the following abstract of the log for the eight.`"'" "'
days she was out, it would seem no vessel could behave better•
or be better managed:—
Abstract of the Log of the steamship Liverpool, from Liver- •
pool to '2l. 59. 15. W., and back torark.
2lst.—Winds, W.N.W., variable to W.• by S., blowing hard, .
with a heavy sea. Distance run, 264 Miles.
22d.—W.S.VV. to S.W., increasing gale ; 'dark clondy-Wea-
ther ; equally, with rain at intervals. - Distance run,..192
miles.
23d.—S.W. by S., heavy gales; cloudy weather; heavy cross ' •
sea running; ship labouring severely; engiues working
very smoothly." Distance run, 1391 iiides.
24th.--W. by N., terrific gale; dark cloudy Weather ;''the'.fea .
running very high, and makirwcompletebreaches over,,the
vessel. The sea broke on' bea'rd, abaft the paddle,
which took 'away the larboard quarter boat, eight •triieS'es-
of hay, and filled the main deck. Distance run, -138 miler.
25t11.—W. by N. to W-., the gale continuiug with tinabated
fury, accompanied with tremendous squalls Uf 'ari'd.
sleet; a heavy sea broke under the •bows, which.catiied.:.
away the head-boards, rails, knees,.and left nothing stand-
ing but the cutwater and figure. Distance run, 153 Mies.
26th.—W. S., variable to N.W, by W., with a most ter-• ,
ritie gale, the sea very high, and breaking very furiously in
all directions; the powerful engines driving the vessel, at
times, literally under water. Bore up for Cork at uoen
this day. Distance run, 82 miles.
27th.—W., variable to N.W. by W.; heavy gale; eititidt
Weather, with torrents of rain. •r •-•,!•,,..r«, •
28th.—Winds very unsettled, from W. to S.E. I:iy.S.; wea-
ther more moderate; the latter part of these 24 hours the
wind settled ihto the N.W. quarter, and bleti'a"perfeet:
hurricane. Distance run, '228 miles. • •
29th.—W.N.W., variable to N.W., blowing a severe gate„
with a heavy cross sea running. As-we apprilaclictrittiviti
land the wind abated a little. At 4.p.tn. came to off Ceyst. bog
of Cork. Distance-run, 220 miles. Old Head of Kiiisate
bearing N.W. by' N. at noon this day. A

(copy.).
Passaus West, 5(11 Nov 4 1838. iff
SIR,—In compliance with your wish as Director. of the 1;+011Transatlantic Steam-ship Company, we proceeded to se;i in „
the steam-ship Liverpool, as far as Tuskar and back to this
port, and beg to inclose the report of the result of that expe....
rimental voyage, which has proved so highly satisfactory in a
nautical pant of view, cud which.leaves no doubt of the ca- '
pability of the Liverpool to prosecute and perform her voyage .4,
successfully to Liverpool. (Signed)
N. PARKER, Commander of the Viatity, steamer:-
R. STORY, Lloyd's Surveyor. . .
To J. Harvey, Esq., Director of the Company, now at aork.

(1161,01tT.)
We, the undersigned, having been deputed by the Direr-.
tors of the Transatlantic Steam-ship Company to make an.
experimental cruise in their steam-ship " Liverpool," to as- •-
certain her consumption of fuel, do hereby report (having
kept at full speed, with a strong wind, both before and abaft:
the beam, for twenty-four hours, and having in that time
steamed a distance of 185 miles) that her consumption of
fuel did not exceed 251 cwt. per hour, having a full comMand
of steam during that time. It is also our opinion, that, from
the reported quantity of coals on board the said steamer pa
leaving Liverpool for New York, she had quite sufficient for
twenty days consumption, at thp above rate. We. further
certify, that the " Liverpool" fully answers oor expectations
as toiler power and capabilities to proceed on her voyage.
N. J. PARKER, Commander of the Victory, steamer.
It. J. STORY, Lloyd's Surveyor.
Passage of Cork, sth Nov.. 1838.

LIVERPOOL MECHANICS' INSTITUTION.

LECTURES ON ASTRONOMY:

' On Wednesday evening John Wallis, Esq.,, leliyered his
fifth lecture, in which he explained the theot v of the tides.
As these lectures depend in a great measure -upon the
grams and transparencies for their interest, it is. impossible
to give any thing like a satisfactory report'of them, more es-
pecially as the theatre is involved in darkness during'the
exhibition and explanation of the transparencies. .The littie,
we do give of the lecture must, therefore, be looked.upo'n
more as a sample of the matter brought forward helix. W .i 1
lis, rather than as its condensation. • . ,•
Although the principle of the tides is exceedingly simpler
yet their details are the most intricate of any branch of .eti-
' tronomical science, owing to the vast masses of earth which
oppose the progress of the tidal waves. In, the open oceo.h
the tide has very little velocity, and it is only- when it '•'•
thrown upon islands and continents that currents are forrnen• •
We find that the tides differ in height at-diffe.reut periods of
the month. Thus,- when the sun and mono' are in ciainne"
tion or opposition, the tides are highest; but•not on the daY
of full or new moon, because some little time is required
the exertion of the influence of the moon upon the`tidesl;
therefore the tides are always behind the moon.--.. When vie
come to look at small seas or lakes, the influence of the ino"!1;).
is not perceived at all, as it is only large massesof vTater, •
which she influences. Thus, in the Mediterranean then-e is
ll
no tide, nor in the large lakes of North America. We
that in 25 hours we have two tides in one place; but therel°
not the seine interval between the consecutive Thug'''.
at spring tides we find there is the least space between the
tides ; but when the tides are lowest, the interval is the gleiit-
est. We find in rivers that .the tide frequently floes i"
opposite direction to the moon. This is merely because
a consequence of the current produced in the ocean. "e
v.
tides of Great Britain are produced by the waters of the A.
lantic, and our tides are only a consequence of the moon i',.16••
ing: the tropical mass of the waters. Our tide
-vaniShes af,.
Naze, on the coast of Norway; hut, of course, it .gives'f's
to currents much further north. This tide•again returns
the German coast. We have thus two tidas. produced in ti'd
river Thames; the one as the wave proceeds northward,• e:.
the other as it .returns southward. The high e
tides in the •-•,.e
vern are ,
caused by the oppositien which the waters of !)
Atlantic .meet with there. If the earth was at rest on Lt 9
e
centre, we should have only two tides in a month;
earth being in rapid rotation upon its axis, we•have tvfO
in 25 hours. Owing to the greater proximity of -the thoen.„
to the earth than the.sun, its influence the-tide is Ott:id
times greater than the sun. If we had•no ippon, we shoi",
have two tides in 24 • hours, produced by the sun. Iristeal"o
however, of being four tides produced when the moon
quudrature, we have one-third of the moon's influence',4mee
ducted from the height of the lunar tides, whicliproduce, '"0
neaps, and one-third added when the moon is naihu.tilzg4
which produces the springs.
•
• da
Whenever we, perceive a body moving, therelth fare,.
plied.- 'Whenever we speak of forces; we merely
power capable of moving a body. .Now, if a force be directed
upon a hotly, it can only make it move in a straight•
but we have no instance of a celestial deoty tnoyitig-Vn
straight line ; so that we are obliged to look fur more '
one force when •we fad such ,to the'case. /k—bodY.r-u....*;
move in a straight line b. the action of a nurnber of-fo;),„
but no bodycan move otherwise than in a 'straight line
cept two or more forces are concerned in deflecting it. aient
Mr. Wallis then most ably denscostratert, by its
machinery. -the theory of :he composition of forces,' •
application to the heavenly bodies:
.•
•

DBATH nY FIRR.—An in nest was held at- the, Fnund,,r);;
Arms, Bolton, on Wednesday last. upon the body of Thl,;,
Brindle, aged four years audit half. It appeared by'rted-i-v
deuce, that the deceased was left in the house On Snitirht
afternoon last ; and in Warming himself,' his • cloth4.o-q,
fire, by which he received injuries that caused his
-rielo.`
the following day. The parents of the deceased arewn4,v.,,tresr;
and in such a state of destitution, that a subscription, had
eK-
marde amongst the neighbours, towards defraying th‘e
perms of the funeral. The jury returned a verdict of
dental death."
• • bell,'
THE IRON SHIP.—The ship IrOnsidesaptain Alitc
built by Messrs. Jackson, Gordon and Co,r), and launche4
we have before noticed) on the 18th ult., is now loadinnliLh.
the west side of the new Brunswick Dock, and excites
observation amongst nautical men and others. - tier tonie%),,
is 261 26-100, new measurement. She is beautifully notiod,
led, with ample beam, a flue bow, and a clear run. fle.ri:,.ibe
der (such is the advantage of the material of which,
exception of her decks and bulwark, she is built) is „
as that of a river boat. The plates of iron with which
it may be said, " planked," lap over each other lonit!1. .she
nally, so that she resembles a clincher-built vessel, pin:,
is painted elow in imitation of copper sheathing,
rtd
works, gunbwale, &c., are of wood, neatly pannelled
and her ports are hinged with bras.e, shk. has a tiunic.c her
serving as a quarter deck, and a small forecastle; ittlsi no
whole deck and interior fittings exhibit gneat taste ,tiarlY
want of expense. She is full ship-:rig °
ged, •11
light and snug, with a Jacob's ladder abaft eac.h
lieu of shrouds. The whole of her running tigtitY (,),(it un-
cordage, and she has a truly " rakish" appeatnnce— ,
re'
like a small sloop of war. carries her carau llr_",,ter-
markably light nraft of water; and no doubt cip,,n' , ,be
tamed but that she will turn out to he ." eltrPeT:
is the first iron sailing ship built at this yitirt,,....4g11*:',7
to solve the problem (interesting to the -nini.cl.RT-ellOti of
whether iron be preferable to wood in the cor,,St
sea.going ships, of which some doubts are entert,,,,,7o"? ofri:
ticularly by navigatorS of the irld school. Stml"
rald
niou that a greater accumulation of sea-weed, bat.:‘, woodci-
will take place on the bottoms of iron than on tho-:•,,10`,,,tai rrt!L
vessels, while lyiug in warm let udeS, and th•o-1",,,-tiis. 4'7
be subject to rapid corrosion. We do not coticu,r, has been
Mon; bat experiment, which, 'we believe, .sn;rrodi,to.spte
extremely favourable, both in the African n ..,
must decide 'the question. Perhaps the ex
tried of heating such vessels, mid- covering 11,c11
:Ode and smooth coating efahe nature of enjoin f:
sides" is the property of Mr. Caine, of this to', gait' r
with parties in Lourfen and Pernambuco. Sht)
the Brazils on Wednesday next,' and we wish 111:,.e a question.
ous career. As it will in a great measure,xlPcwoligferPur
of the YerY first nal ional nporiali ce; t eco-roVa,
mines or our forests can henceforth i;ffo-a thP In°)
cal mean. of keeping up Our-commercial marine*