Star.
London, England, 1829-05-15 00:00:00

PRICE SE VENPENCE.

he hoped that ethics better qualified to discuss such a
subject would take part in the discussion, and that the
imperlection whiCh would be found in his statement,
and be was awese there would be many imperfections,
might be amply removed in the course.nf the thicusion.
by the assistance he should receive from toilets posse:4cl
of mine experience and gteater knowledge. Having
made these observations, he should proceed without fur-
ther preface to the subject of his motion. premising That
he w odd divide the observations he had to offer under
three heads, in accordance with the form of his motion,
which was for an inquiry into the state of the trade
between Great Britain, the Esst Indies, and China. It
was absoiutely necessary, he conceived, to allude in Cie
first place to Great Britain, because it must be quite
clear to egret), observer that during the last ten years
the trade of this c )(miry was, to a cei fain degree. in a
precarious state. and that our manuf .ctutine, agricul-
tut al, and commetcial interests were all subject to fre-
quent and violent itictuatlons. It was equally clear,
in his opinion, tb-t hy an improvement and extension
of our resources we might mitigate, in a considerable
degree. if not altogether übsiate, those distresses with
,rhoch our mapulactutipp. populati it mine especially
was occasionally assailed. It was his full conviction,-
sad be•teras prepare) tit cuiuend for the proposition,
that if the House, met this subject fairly, and locike, it
IA the lace, tte means might be foetid in it to alleviate,
if not totentiecodourthevem
ce.onseuttus,teiftihe occasional distresses
which affected
population. This
was not a fit o•casion for going into an ex•ensinoioti of
the c uses of those distresses; but he hi/bored they
might be traced to the vast amount t f canital in this
country seeking for employment, and to the gigantic
power of production which the country possessed. B rib
those causes, acting together, produced distress, and he
contended that he could point out the only mode by
which a tensed, could be indeed at, it he could show
that a new field alight be opened for the development
of capital, and a new field opened for the vent of the
smapulaetures produced. If a new field of this &scrip.
don was openet, it was impossible to deny that it would
produce great national benefit. Looking to the condi.
don of behind too, the prospect of a oew channel for
em pl oyment was most desirable. He admitted that. by
the measure passed in the present Ses•ion of Parliament,
the Legislature had removed the great impediMent to
the improvement and prosperity of Leland. but that
measure was not the sole means of improving the
condition of the population of that country—Meer.
Giving a larger strafe of employment to the
people of Ireland was. perh apse the most effectual means
.ot improving their condition. Another consideration
which rendered an .inquiry into this subject most de-
sirable at the present n.oment was the state of the coin•
mereial relations of Great Britain with regard to foreign
countries. Into those commercial relations he would
not at peewee enter fully, but there WaSolle point which
e felt he would not be justified in omitting—he alluded
to our commercial relations wiih the Llit.test States of
-America. It could not be disguised. that by a recent
Act of the Legislature of that.coutstry our trade with
Vie United States of America would be placed in a most
precarious situation. The testi ictions to the importation
of British manufactures into the U. iced States were so
ergs's!' ssise, and the dude. placed on them so high, that
the. poisons ehgdged in the trade between this country
awl tnePnetea States were placed ins situation of the
greatest difficulty, arid it was not easy to say shatmight be the mid of the is-tie of thy proceedings -A hich
bad been 'Waited. That some inconvenience a s at
present felt foots the state of our con.mesci.l reiatioris
with the United States was most clear. and th•t con-
siderable injury might be done to our trasie thringh
that country was equally obvious. It was a most serious
.onsidesationthat we depended on the Unite.' States of
AsarriCa for our supply of a large proportion of the
'raw %Ater jai employed in the chief -f out inaltufacinnto
the cotton manufacture. That tins cosintly depended
walmost entirely on America for the raw ciltiris used in
our manufactures was Wrenc', tly c e,r, for S 4ths of
the entire quantity imported into this coma' y was drawn
from tie Unitei States of America. Ti.is tact alone, 1:e
thought, if rded grounds for enteii..g upon the :on-
bidet .lion, whether we had not the means in s,ur o *yr
colonies of providing ourselves with the oe.:essat y sop.
'ply of raw cotton instead of drawing so large a pro-
portion of that supply from anothet country? He was
prepared to show that we possessed in r ur Min colohies
ample means of producing the raw material to any Cl-
ient, and that of the vet,' best quality that coold possibly
be produced in that article. The necessity which ix wed
for a large supply of raw cotton, and the means wi ich
we possessed of producing that article t.r any ezt-nt iu
(v 'sidle possession.. was one of the sir ingest argu-
nsents which could be urged in favour of the removal
of the present prohibitions. Having stated thus much,
it was unnecessary for him, perhaps, to state that the
trade between Great Britain and India was one • f con-
siderable value. Indeed, every one admitted that the
trade with India was now the great st trade of this
country, or if any other country in tee world. Nothing
was eves mote completely uisproved than the anticipa-
tions of some Hottoui tibia Members when this question
was discuised on the renewal of the Charter. It was
not expected that there could be any increase of the
trade with England, but the result falsified that notion.
When the subject was discussed psev Otis to the renewal
'of the Chatter in 1813, one Honourabl Member stated
,that there could be no extension of the trade with Indira,
unless, indeed, in the article of glass bottles. It was
very generally contended, too, by other Members,
that iu a country where labour was remunerated with
ao greater wages than Sd. per day, it was impossible
that that country could become to any extent a con-
sumer of our manufactures. Iheset., suppositions now
appeared ridiculous, because they dip disproved by
what had subsequently occurred; but ot`vas no wondEr
that Members of that House should male to the con-
alusioa that India could not become a conidming
try, judging from the statement made by thefsst India
Company as to the loses they had sustainedAy their
export trade. Instead of any pleat, it had beets stated.
tie believed correctly. chat the East India Company.
from 1803 to ISIS, suffered ai loss of four rnillipns by
the-export trade; and whenever-the question was men-
tioned, it was also stated that there had been &gradual
falling off in that trade. ' Erin dive NIS there was a
loss; and lOoking to the State of the trade, as carried
nby Members .ere apparently justified
oineo the
Company.g.,totie ..
conclusion
that there never could be
any considerable extension of that trade. In fact, whilst
the restrictions' continued in luU force, and that the
Twist India Conipapy nionopubiFil the whole.tzvart,