Star.
London, England, 1829-01-15 00:00:00

The Alesander, Martin, of Nantes. bound to Bourbon, baths
touched the reeks on leaving L'Orienr, sprung a leak and sunk.
crew and mutes caved.

Aoirwaar, Jest. 13.—for pilot rehired to take charge of eiliek
down the River this morning.

DIAL. Jan. 14.—wind N.S. to E.N. E.—Arrived frour Lowlas
t►e New Prospect, afilkr, and Marlborough. Middlettio, for je,
plaice; Britannia, Clusbie, and Lord God' rich, few St.
ehael's ; £Jett, Anthony, fin St. Vincent'•; hlartin, Dreamer*
for Bilbao; and Spartan, Landrrs, for Trinidad.

Politest, en, Jew 14.—Wind the Hope, Rip.
pon. fee Spain.

P&TIotrTII, JAN.I3 —Wird NE—Sailed the Felicity, Celle,
for Rio Janeiro.

Fat.llooTll, JAM 13--Wind N.B to RN.L—S,ailed the New
Ragland, Deane, for New York.
Wu: , JAN. 13.—The Earl of Roden steamer, from
verpool to Dundalk, which was on ►bore at the Isle of Man, ait,
rived at Liverpool on the 'tat instant. The Sarah, Thomas, foam
hi nee to London, Is •unk near Blackpool. but expected to be raked.
A smack-rigged ve. set was seen to go down off Bleck Comb lase
week. The following vessels put Iran the Pile of Fouldry on tile
4th instant : Nlatty, Porten% end stink ; Argo, Itedfera, with lite
feet water in her bold ; Oceason. Burton, with damage, and mast
discharge ; Carrier, Commas!, and Industry, Atkinson, both with
trifling damage.

ALLIANCE MARINE ASSURANCE COMPANY.

Y stArday, a General Annn4l Meeting of the Share.
hold/mob the' above Association was bad at the City of London
Tamers..
v—.6—Ourney, Req. in the Chair; supported by N. 31. Roth..
child, K.q. anal the rest of the Board of Directors.
The CHAIRMAN !rad the Report. It showed that of the original
capital of the, 'Conipatil (a,54•0,60(4.) there bad been deposited ie
the Three per Cent. Annuities the aunt of 267,84b1. its the nantes
of the 11:Ufitrtb. upon which a divide-eel was deehireel on the 3,
of Jaw:nary last, amounting to 32,0951. la. The thud, ads on sat.
plus liaLticee, 8,"-gtf. 7s, 10d. Whim- of 'toilets Iron, the corn.
mencensent of litismon to 18.46, WAS 34,7811. 10%. to obis*
add other advantages, such as di•rounts, &c. 4.. ed.
Alter the under.. diets' prohts had he. n addA, and all repenter
deducted, up to the end of the year, there would remain a baLanna
at the disposal of the Company of 73,7671. la. 2.1. on which a dish.
dend of 11 per share was declared, leavioa a balance to the matt
of the Comps.), of 23,7671 1.. 2d. apieliciible at a future time ter
a further dividend or permanent capital. The firp..rt stated that
three Directors and an .Atetti,or went out by rotation.
The CHAIRMAN aaid, that it cou'd not hut he a spatter of grad&
cation tbateu faveurahle a repeat bad heels piesentetl. Although
hut au infant Society, and opposed by the greatest it.ilience. it bad
been able to stot.oto all the expenses of the estaldistostent, and to
repay a fair remuneration to the Proprietors tor the capital invested.
The Board of Directors felt that the Institution would prove ben..
deial to the City of Landon, seeing that it had met with so warm
a tee:lobos from the mere mule and .hipping iiiterekts. He ti-
&lard that the halaner in hand was wholly prefer.
Resolutions wrre then posed, electing us three Directors, who
wirer out by rotation ; aid a cordiel vote ni th.anlis was passed to
the Court of irirectnts, lot their a •al and aiTity in at:: managemeac
of the Socitty'saff.iic— foe Meeting toot 4.•journed.

FASIIION.II3Lr. Iv I ELLIGENCL

~.

CHANGRes

The Duke of Devonshire, last evenilir. from Devoe-here Home,
fur the Derby Race Ball, at Derby; the Eisl and Countess of
Dartmouth, at their saat, Sandw.3. Staff..r.hlre, from Earl Tat-
bot's seat, ingestrle, near Litch6 II; 1:r &ley!, Warden of AU.
&gins Collage, from Devonshire House, for Uslord ; Captain and
Mr% Nesbitt, for Rochester; Major Grant. for Canterbury: Mr.
and Mrs. Urquhart. from Brighton, fur firth; Captain Palmer,
fur Chester; Miss dolmas, (torn her Image iu Portni.n.square, Int
her seat in Devon hire ; the Earl of Masora's. b, Irmo &. James's-
square for Brighton ; Countess St. Antonio, from Hanover-agleam,
te Brighton; Wm. Campbell, Esq. from the Bruntwick fiord,
Jermyo street, fur his seat in Kent; Lord and Lady farnhar,
tons the Royal Hotel. to their new residence in Brook-street;
Lord Valentia, from ditto; Captain and John Brymer, Esq from
ditto, for Bath.

Rte dte now enal•leJ In confirm tl e r m 'or which
has been prevalent for some time, that the Right Ilonoarable
the Saimaa.' of the House of CONIS.Mb i 4 to be raised to the
Peerage. The style and title of the Right Honourable Genic.
man will be publi.bed in the Coigne forthwith, and it is sail.
but we are unable to say how tru.y. he will- tither succeed to
the vacant Presidetitahip of the Council or be appointed Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland. Mr. Irrecrron, the Meniher for Stat.
ford hire, will also he removed to the Upper House at the
same time,._ under the title of Heron Lord Lvescrion. Sir
ANTHONY HART will, be recalled, and Sir Cita aces ‘VOTHINRILI.
appointed to the Chancellorship of Ireland. Mr. &moos will
succeed the 'present Pilaster of the Roll. in c.tse qtr Joint
Leacic should retire, as IA expected ; and Mr. F we POLLOCK
will be made either Attorney or. Solicitor Genera of Engl.incl.—
Mr. HROCCHAII is unfortunately suffering from h.d health, and eon.
'fluently is not expected to be raised to any office of colitis PCS for
the Present. The Grenville interest, we understand, is to be con-
ciliated by the support of Ministers to the elettiou of 31r.Werni to
the Speakership•MorningJournal.
A certain General was a,ked, what sort of a Military
Commander be thought imam Huns, Esq. M.P. would make?—
He replied, " Hama would most likely imitate his countryman
Gs.auau, who said, • Don't waste your powder, my boys, but give
them tie-steel," though he would most likely prefer saying ° lead
them the peel."
DUMMY JAN. 10.—One of. the oldest pensioners in
ibis neighbourhood died here on Thursday morring. His name was
-James Craigie; but he was familiarly styled 0 Handy Cratst..." from
the circumstance of having lost both his hands in an engagement
during the American war. ,Ile was an artilleryman. and cam. by
the accident while sponging his gun, which, having hung fire, sud-
denly went off, carrying away his hands and part of one -f his
arms. lie was upwards of 80 years of, age, and has been 50 years
asp erdoner at feast, during which time be has recessed from the
cnuqtry upwards of.:1,8001. . klutilated' as he was, he has bad four
wives in has tone—to perpetuate whose memory be erected a stone
le Wei Grey( iare hurying.groond, bearing the inscription," Erected
by James Cragie, to the memory of his wives."
'towards the end r f lag month a succes fill expe-
riments of making telegraphic• communica io s doting
the night. by means of lights, was made at Touloe.
St. Malachy, an Irish Apostle, prophesied that there
would .be just 36 Popes attet Urban the Vrllth. and
t 'at then Popery vat old fall. Pope Urban the Vlllth
dieJ in 1623. How. nany Popes haVereigrieJ since?
•iit'pOftr..Woman se ho had tluee ions in the army, On
afkisej hy, each one shilling let week (succor their pay.
Miiied it of an army agent. Some obstacle stop-
ped tre 'allowance, and she w tote immediately to a
Nable. Duke. The obstacle was soon removed. and she

reei lied an immediate answer, that she would, oa appli-
;lion As u:ual, receive tl'e three shillings per week out
bit sons pay, and also three shillings per week out
of rho pay of his Grace.
Tfre tollowing ex 'triple of the sagacity of elephants
was related by an Meer of Artillery, who witnessed the trauma.
tier.'." The battering train going to the siege of Seringspatant had
to pries the sandy bed of a river, that resembled other rivers of
the Peninsula, which have during the dry season but a small stream
of water sunning through them, though their beds ate meetly ef
'toskidt fable breadth, very heavy for draught, and abound* is
ciakisi,nds. It happened that an arts kry man, who was seated
on did limber of one of the guns, by some accident fell Mr, in such
*l:nation that, In a second or two, the hind wheel must ham
gene over him. The elephant, which was stationed behind the
gun, perceiving the predicament in which the man was, instant,
witlsoat -any warning from its keeper, lifted up the whet I with
its truth.. and kept it suspended till the carriage had passed dear
of lalm."
.Tne following is the resolution with regard to the
Game Laws, which was proposed by Mr. Briscoe at
the Surrey Quarter Sessions on WeJnesday, and
carried unastimously.:.f. That this Court deem it a duty
to reecent to the Secretary of State for the Home Do'
pat tebeti'the crying evils resulting from the present state
f the Game Laws,and to implore his Majesty's Govern,
meat, to effect :nth an amendment of those Laws as to
its wisdom :bail seem expedient, fdr the diminution ntf
crime and the genvral welfare of the conntrs sod
at the County Alembers do present the same."

RUSSIA

&s--Cooshi
lire. eager to

altairs of t
111.1lbee, if I
1 dill with my
wady ampere
k thrown awal
...gyp, any space
1r - :la /ea
il lne dt hto
oi
`Via Se war o
alullsben), ha
' pads kinnise ti
MOM to elear
aim doubts-4
. lint fears—is
Individuals fro
. Imputations of
, In order full
alight appear n
Tim entirely at
you do not dest

The extra(
the dominion

that power a

and Sratevint
ing every me
again broegi
providing the
of any Power
the es per inter
br the united
resolved only
vier it more d
of Europe,
powerful to
Alliance. E
looking only
from the an
diable it,
f territory
den, Germ
from it Al
which they w
IHAd tl,is op
have been th
sitivfied with
would have
have eaten&
therefore rev
powe►f al, am
future time h

Europe agail
had proved tl
stity, while it
successive vie
inspired her
own desolate
The person
was indeed c
attempt to c
so mainly cot
iirrrection of
it was pretty
concern in th
yeast the tet
which newer
jects for the d
it has avowed
the Great. I
which had er
plaint that i
the Ambabsi
leave Conti
with iudigni
Girek Patti,
Turki,h final
have acted u
haps have be'
the other geer
sufficiently ri
war to intern

Alexander.
only to the (
moot, and Si
or, perhaps,
popu'ar tevol
and the wi%he
the expectatic
says Mr. Lit)]
published in
tOr's death, "
from Peet th
because the
ad vatitageout
cautions Alt
ante, than to
particularly c
wish.: of his
otTeriag sacril
of Mussulmas
and rega'd 10
Europe, he f
favourable op
antiih.late the
and to restore
slassical soil
social order."
After the d
Constantings
eft at the Pt
Austrian !nu
lately ieblisl
gild mute of tl
which "email
repreaentatio
concessions
hes a Flan fc
tallith Conti
and E

RUSSIA, TURKEY, AND GiEECE.I

TO THE EDITOR OF THE STAR.

Eta—Considering the numerous writers who have been, and 811

Prep eager to communicate to the public their several opinions on
tbe.afrairs of the East, I should have refrained from adding to the
soother, if I bad met with any one whose views so nearly *obi.
sided with my own as to render any thing that I could adduce
entirely superfluous, and the time bestowed in writing or reading
it thrown away. I have refrained also from disinclination to oc-
cupy any space In your columns, while your attention was neces-
sarily called to record or comment upon the important events of

the passing hour. But as the din of arms has for the present ceased,
and thi war of words (in the British Parliament and the French
Chambers), has not yet commenced, I am induced to take my
poi, in order to throw out a few remarks, which may perhaps con-
tribute to clear up some points at present in understood—to dispel
same doubts—abate some ill founded hopes—cure some extrava-
pot fearsand, above all, rescue the character of some eminent
individuals from the misconceptions -of some, and the nulicloas
imputations of others.

In order fully to explain my Ideas, I shall go farther back than

slight appear requisite, and should you be of that oplitioo, I leave
you entirely at liberty to retrench any thing you please, so that
7ou do not destroy the connection of the hints that you retain.

The eztraottlinery power acqiired by France under
the dominion of NAMEON, and the meat's by which
that power M4l overthrown, impressed owtbe Princes
and Statesmen of Europe the necessity—firsuid adopt-
ing every measure to prevent the Continent from being
again brought under a-similar yoke ; and, secondly, of.
providing the means of effectually resisting the attempts
of any Power that might show itself disposed to make
the experiment. As imperial France had been defeated
by the united exertions of the rest of Europe, it was
resolved only to confine it to such limits as should ren-
der it more difficult for it again to trouble the Powers
of Europe, and yet leave it sufficiently great and
powerful to maintain its due place in the European
Alliance. Some short-sighted politicians, it is true,
looking only at what the other States had suffered
from the ambition of Fiance, wished effectually to
disable it, by-depriving it of all the acquisitions
cf 'territory it had made on the side of Flan-
den, Germany, &c. They would have taken
from it Alsace, L irraine, and French F.anders,
which they would have divided among the Allies....
Had this opinion prevailed, the consequence would'
have been that Russia, which even now was hardly
satisfied with what is called the kingdom!if Poland,
would have claim d a much Larger shale, and perhaps
have extended her frontiers even to the Oder. It was
therefore resolved, rather to have France great sad
pnwei f rl, and to secure in her an efficient ally,it at any
future time her aid should be wanted to protect central
Europe against the ambit our designs of .Russia, which
had proved that she was nut to be invaded with impu-
nity, while it might reasonably be doubted whether their
successive visits to the finest countries of Europe, bad
inspired her armies with greater attachment to their
own desolate and dreary steppes.
. The. personal character of the Emperor Alexander
was indeed consideted as a pledge, that he would not
attempt to disturb that state of peace which he had
so mainly contributed to establish. Yet, when the in-
girrection of Wallachia and that of Greece took place,
it was pretty. generally supposed.that Russia bad some
concern in those events, or at least that it would never
t resist the- temptation of embracing the opportunity,
which seemed to present itself, of realising those pro-
jects for the destruction of the Ottoman Empire, which
it has avowedly entertained ever since the time of Peter
the Great. It may, I think, be allowed, that if Russia,
which had even then nearly the same grounds of coin-
plaint that it had in 1828, had declared war, when.
the Ambassador, Baron Stiogon: ff, was obliged to
leave Constantinople, and when all Europe was filled
with iudignation at the barbarous execution of the
Greek Patti srchs and Bishops, and other excesses of
Turkish fanaticism, it would not hive been thought to
have acted unjustly; its chances of success would peg
haps have been greater, Tut key less able to resist, and
the other great Powers of E trope allied to Turkey not
sufficiently recovered from the exertions a a long
war to interfere with such effect as they can now do.
Alexander, however, whose conduct with respect net
only to the Greeks, but with regard to Naples, Fie&
mont, and Spain, shows that he had an utter dislike,
or, perhaps, diced, of every thing in the shape of a
popu'ar tevolution, entirely disappointed the hopes
and the wishes of one patty, the fears of another, and,
the expectations of all. " The conquest of Turkey,"
says Mr. Lloyd, in his Liii of she Entpet or Alesouler,
published in 1826, about three months after the Empe-
ror's death, " the favourite plan of the Russian Cabinet,
from Pete' the Giest to Cathetine, has been adjourned,
because the Emperor Alexander has judged it more
advantageous and more glorious to maintain the pre-
ciutions rt.t.ulated by the members of the Holy Alli-
ance, than to gratify the wishes of Christian Europe,
particularly of his own nation, and probably the secret
wishes of his heart. The Greek nation is the bloody
offering sacrificed by the fear of revolution, on the altar
of Mussulman legitimacy ; and thus, from love of peace
and regard to the general political system adopted in
Europe, he has refrained from profiting by the most

favourable opportunity, and the most just motives, to
anoih.late the barbarous empire of the Turks in Europe,
snd to restore the countries on the Bosphprus, and the
clinical soil of Greece, to European civilization and
social order:
After the departure of the Russian Ansbauador from
Constantinople, the diplomatic relations wets carried
en at the Porte through Lord StrangfOrd sod the
Austrian Internuncio; and it appears from a document

lately yotrlished by the Comelier de Segsrae as an obi•
cial ante of the Russian Cabinet, but the autheatcity of
which remains to be proved, that after, the emerge*
reinelinunions of Lord Strangford had obttined some
concessions from site Porte. Russia propo,e4 to its Al.
hes a plan for the pacification of.(iirerce, according to
which Continental Greece, ♦is. Thessaly, flettiak At-
tica, cud Eastern Gitece, Epirus, and Ac..rninia, the

More; and the islands, including Candia, sbould be
Entitled into Pt incipalities, nearly on the same pluses

Wallachia and Moldavia. How all these negociations

might have terminated, had Aserander lived to return
to St. Peter‘burgh from his last •isit to the Crimea,
must remain matter of conjecture. But the military

conspiracy which, after being long in preparation, so
unexpectedly broke out on the accession of the preset

Emperor, mutt have convinced the Russian Cabinet
that it was absolutely necessary to find some more sc•
live employment for the army, than lyi,tg for years idle
on the banks of a narrow river, which they longed to

pass, and almost in the sight and heating of battleb
in which they burnt with impatience to participate.

The war so impoliticly provoked by Pers;a, enabled
the Emperor Nicholas to send the pardoned rebels to
expiate their crime in fighting against a foreign foe,'
and no doubt opportunity enough has been afforded
them, of distinguishing themselves at the post of honour.
This, however, was a mere episode, and the perseve.

ranee of the Turks in their refusal, either to comply
with the demands of Russia on its own account, or to
'listen to any proposals from the European Cabinets for
putting an end to the troubles in Greece, at length
convinced the latter that decisive measures muse be
adopted ; and those which were peculiarly interested in
the preservation of the Ottoman Empire fearing, that
&they held back, Russia would intetfere and decide the
matter according to her own views and intetestsoesolved
to met themselves, first, to prove to the Sultan the
danger and ftuitlesiness of an obstinate adherence to
his present system—and secondly, to induce Russia to
agree to some arrangement, by which the fears enter-
tained of its supposed ambitious projects might be al-
layed. With these views, as it may be presumed, his
Grace the Duke of Wellington went on a special mission
to St. Petersburgh, where, in his conferences wit's the
Rus►ian Government, those base. were agreed upon,
which are recorded in the protocol of the conferemes
of the 4th of April, 1825, and were subsequently ma-

tured in the stipulations of the celebrated Treaty of 6th
July, 1827, concluded at Lindon between Great B,i-

fain, Russia, and Fiance.
The public has not been initiated into Vie secrets of
these negotiations; but if ever they should be laid
open, 1 feel persuaded that we shall see reason to ad-
mire that consummate diplomatic ability, by which
Russia was induced to withhold its interference, and
keep a large army inactive on its frontiers for some
years t• and when 'at length it became evident that this
state of things could not continue, obtained its assent
to an arrangement which is so contrary to its pr..sunieti
designs, and the unequivocal wishes of the nation. If
the 0 toman Empire can be saved from the power of
Russia, it will be by the Tteatrol the 6:h of July.
We all know It is true, that Mr. Canning ha. been.
loudly and violently upbraided t as having wantonly
sacrificed the interests of an Ancient ally to the ambition
of Russia, and to a romantic and boyish enthu.ias•ii in
favour of the classic soil rot Greece; slay, Tyro S. Ate..
men, who would net have veoture.t to open their
mouths in his presence, presume, now that e is no
more, to impugn his me y, lend of democratic
and Revolutionary doctrines. I will not imitate suet.
persons by attributors their assertions to hatred, envy.
malice, and all uncl.atitableness but I will venture to

assert that they are decidedly mistaken in their jisdg
ment of Mr. Canning's character. of his motives in c• n-
eluding the Treaty of the 6th rd Ju y. and in the na-
tural tendency of that fail ous Convention.
On this subject the tesiimony of the Courrier de
&we. a Paper pug listed by a Ftenchnian, indeed,
but undoubtedly in a pl •ce wheie it would be highly
dangerous to offend the Turkish Auth-riti s, is ex-
tremely remarkable In is Nunsher of 26th July last
?eel, almost the only one I have happened to see, is the
following paragr
"' The Marquis of Londouderry has said in Paths-
anent, that it was Canning who brought the Russians
over the Pruth. perhaps over the D tib , perhap, to
the overthrow of the 0 toman empire."
in Canning cannot now answer ; t ut it i. easy to refute
these censures on the general system of his policy. The,
Treaty f Londo Collallded to prevent liu-sia
from cutting ti .e Gordian kn-t of the affairs of Greece,
to give existence to &rec.-, without endangering that
of the Ottoman Eriptie, in order. by the co-opera i•in
of the great Powers. and eithout convulsions, to change
its right into a fact, and lastly, by an act 01 peace, to
.in a wietni y ehich history has hitherto Arian us
daily as the le.u't r f toe force of arms. Certainly it W. 41
'a generous thou,ht, worthy of the civilization of an age,
the impulse of which Canning followed with so much
bankness and ability. All the spies.ions in the Treaty
prove that noel iig was sought but peace, ani if the
execution of it, as it was pi esci ined, had been ponct.ially
followed. the ohje t of the author of it would have been
long 'joie att. fitted. His death re:Weird those wavering
who were to direct she affairs of the East : the initia ire
was confided to military Chiefs. The crifliequetices are
known if the battle of Navasin had happ n d during
the lite of Canning, he would necess lily have cons.
diced it as-a milit •ey fact; but looking on it as busting
on tf e policy of tit! Treaty, he would have rejected it,
and have endeavoured to prevent its consequences
If this glen Mini ter sive still living, he would say
to the Suttee. • Recognise the indepe defier of
the Greek.. It is till time, for we have foreseen
your opposition to a hard, but inevitable step. You
have the option bet* e n a secure and tranquil prisses•
aims, and continued troubles. Do not hesitate, and re-
member that your ancestors, in the most splendid pr-
ziodwof their power, made similar concessions Ma-
hornet H. granted to the islands in the Arentpelag t the
sight to be only tributaries to the Porte. and to govern
themselves. When be congoesed Wallachia, in 1465,
be guaranteed to the inhabitants their most impo.taw,l
privileges. For the payment of an annual tribute, lie
gave them the privilege to be amenable only to their
own tribunals, to fix themselves the amount of the
public uses. to confine the affairs of the administiation
to natives only. and to choose their own Woywodes,
the Porte only reserving the right to confirm them.
When, in the year 1565, Moldavia voluntarily sub-
mitted to the Rote, Soliman 11. extended the privileges
enjoyed by
.Wa:lachia to the •Molda.ians. Mustaplia
,:111. who was sensible on what a weak foundation his
power in the Mores rested, conceived, in the year 1776
the plan of establishing a Greek G.ovesno.ent, and • f
attaching that part of his chimintotiOrthe bles.ings ol
a good administration. But lie' iedVisCsaaiii year.
Your ancestors, therefore, have frequently made such
, 'concessions. Accomplish the magnanimous plan of
$ N.B. Since his death.

. .
•
• . .•
Mu.tapha 111. make Greece free, under the pretense-1
ship of the Porte."
This, I hate no doubt, is a perfectly correct view of
the policy of Mr. Canning with respect to the aff irs of
Russia, Turkey, sad G enc. That Austria and Pamir
did not join in the Treaty, did yr, t arise from ob
jection to it. but rather from the proptiety. if not the
ne.essity. of keeping s•+me great Power free tr m all
engagements, in order that they might be able to act
with more effect,ss mediators and advisers of the Porte.
it the &thin should still persevere in his system. Had
the Turks been any thing but what they are, it is pro-
bable that the Porte wculd have followed the counsels

of its seal friends, which alone can avert it, ruin. Bu'
while they have penetration enough to see that Eng-
land and France ate iwetested in their preservation.
they are too blind to perceive that the Treaty of the
6th of July holds out the only reasonable prospect of
giving peace and tranquillity to their empire. Instead,
therefore, of profiting by the advice of tl e Powers whr.
really wished to secure the integrity of their empire, and
who had already done so much towards the accomplish-
ment of thkobject, by suspending so long the menaced
vengeance of Russia, they seem to have fancied that
the evident interest of these Powers in the preservati nof
the O. toman Empire woulti lead them even to embar k in
4ar with Ittl4li 4, for their own sake ; the forbearance of
Russia they asctibed to its Jre.d of the other NU els,
infl..consequently did not hesitate to accumulate the
groiinds,for complaint which they gave their powerful
'neighbour. The battle of Navarin, which undoubtedly
%dad not enter into the plans of the three Powers, gave
the Tusks good grounds to doubt the sincerity of their
friends, and was soon followed by that celebrated Cir-
cular or. Proclamation of 20th D-c. 1827, addressed to
all the Pachasarl the empire, in se inch the urn t instil ing
language is employed in speaking of Russia, and ea•
plicitly declaring, that all the concessions hitherto madi
by the Potte, including- even he "Treaty of Aker criann.l
had been mere evasions, for the purpose of gainin.g tunic
and that theie had never been and intention of fulfilling
such absurd stipulations.
Conceding, for the sake st argument, that Russia
really did entertain the anilltious pr jeers which others
besides the Tusks would rise ibe t.i fes , it mist be
acknowledged, that nothing could be more welcome
to her than 'ltch an unseasonable declaration.
Accordingly, the Ru,sian Court, as was to be fore-
seen, considered this document. in addition t s the pre•
vino: grounds for complaint, as taiitamount to a decla.
lion of war, and replied by a Manifest.. in which the
Emperor Nicholas 4111101111CeS *his iiitent•on of exacting
teparattnn for all the wring, done to ltus.ia ; accom-
panied by guarante.s for the flee navigation ef t' e
Black See, as wed as complete indemnity for the ex-
penses of the war. This Minife,to, however, conta ns
the important declaration, that the Empetor will not
make any acquisi Inn of territory ; that Isis dominions are
already so extensive, as fury to require ail his mo.t
anxious cares; and, lastly, that any advantages he may
obtain in the contest shall be made to conduce to the
furtherance of the objects of the Treaty of London, to
the letter and spirit of which he declares himself re-
solved to adhere.

His Imperial Majesty having made a declaration so
explicit and unusual, it does cot appear necessary to
inquire into the motives which induced him to it. We
may suppose, either that he was sincere in his unwilling
ness to make conquests, or that he was actuated by the
apprehension that without such apromise he would no_
be suffered by the other European Powers to engage in
a "war, the probable results of which would so seriously
~fittct their iiiterevs.
This being the state of the case, it seems evident that
the Emperor must desire the war to be as short as pls.
sink, and to bi- accompanied with as small an exoenee
of blood and treasure, as is consistent u iih the •ttaii.b.,,
nient of his objects. Why should lie seek to conquer
eroviiier s which be ha. engaged not to retain? to incur
rsp uses fog which he says he will iequiie a full indent-
troy% but which it will be more difficult for Turkey to
give, in proportion as the amount is swelled and her
assn resources wasted, by the prolongation of the con-
t st? I, therefore, come to the conclu ion that it is
neither his intention, his s ish, nor his lamest to get
piss ession of Constantin ple ; but that, on the contrary.
ne will embrace any alternative, consistent with his
honour, that shall enable him to avoid approaching
the Turkish capital. F. r let us imagine him in
possession of Constararnople, what would follow?
Supposing his esprsss renunciation of all idea, of
conquest to have been drawn from hiM by fears
of the interierence of the other Powers of Europe,
will he' not have !11l more reason to apprehend
such nitrite:mice, if, contrary to hi, primise, he should
think if setaiiiing his co: quests? N r letit be sail that
he would he then able to throw aff the mask and defy
them: the strength of his erns ice would not in the firm,
isistancelte increased by a•conquest which, it will WI
allowed, is nu likely to be achievtd ssithout an immense'
sacrifice of his bravest troops. Ir, on the alter hand,
fothful tohis word, he should he wiling to renounce
so gloricus a prize, o ith what patieace would the Rus-
sian ilati,in arid army endure such a sacrifice of their
king cherished obj-et, now at length attained ? I do
not think it necessary to be more elplicit on this head. .1
Actuated by these views, I conceive, the Rus ian
Emperor "meted on the war, with a force which was
deemed ai!etps.ite to make such an im, cession on the
Tuikish Emperor as should, demonstrate to the Otto-
Man Go ernivent that he was r. solved to obtain redress
for hie grievtitisce;; and that the other Powers would
not :preveirt•hins so doing. This, with the deliverance
f the M•irea, would. it was th.aught, induce the
Sultan to hire at length to terms of accommodation.
—This expectation has been disappointed. Though
the Russian armies have advanced farther into European
Turkey, and in a shorter time than they ever did before;
though they-have obi ained mo.t important advantag s
in Asia, yet the resistance of the Turks has been so
much More energetic than was anticipated, that the
Sultan seems less disposed than ever to listen to terms.
Stall atirous to prevent the necessity of proceeding to
Constantinople, the Russian Government resolved on
the bockade of the Datdanelles, in the hope that want
of provision, might at length oblige the Sultan to c 'n-
eedy, and it'seems to me very probable that England
and France have acquiesced in this view. What may
be the result of all these complex relations, it-would
be presumption to attempt Is) foretell. Let us nit,
however, listen to the puerile nonsense of those who
compare the retreat of 15,000 Russians from Silistria,
to the distance of 50 or 60 miles, to the retreat lion.
Moscow in 1812; or who dream of a winter campaign
to be carried on with energy by the Turk., who never
made a winter campaign betere, while the hardy Re:-
shins are unable to keep the field. Above'all, let the
real friends of; Turkey endeavour, if possible, to bring
about in • hOneurible peace before hostilities are se.
stewed ; let them not, inspire the Sultan.. and his Grs.
eminent wi h fallaciOu's hopes; and, let them be-
ware of using the language of taunt and insult to
Russia, and of compelling that F.swer to put forth all
her energies, arid to show thaeshe is able to shake to
its foundation the tottering fabric of Ottoman power.
11. 1