Star.
London, England, 1820-03-27 00:00:00

Dorm •'•'• kthe people areloll ar eaves ?—I have rot said
so ; I am ro politician.
What is your opinion ?—: am not warranted in giving one.
You think it safe to preach it, if it were true man ought
to preach what he tlainhA:to be tette!. I say, them would be.no
danger in it that day. • '
if a man :Laid hen,' opinion;that'a representation at
sa wal a tyranny,_ and that' each individual 'should have a tote,
v,•culd there be, any danger in Preachinz that can't enter
questido. • •
lk consistent. You said you thinh it tale to preach all that
f.s true uever said • .1 only s.d.l, that there would be no
danger in preachire it t►at day. •
Gnmey, the sh ,rt-band writer, upon a reference to his
notes said the witness had said its.
Now that you have said it, do you mean to persist in it.?—l •
thought you;only applieti it to tne as'a preacher.
.Then you draw a distinction laztweer. a politician and a
preacher ?—I do.
Do you thick it would he sar.: in a politician to inculcate upon
e mob any doctrines he thinks true?—Not altogether.
Do you think it would be safe to teU them they arc sold as
tirves ?—At a Public Meeting, when people c.,:me to discuii
grievances, I think they should state their opinions freely, oven
that' •. !!t to the extent you say.
•I'h.:r they were sold as slaves ?—Yes I think a Meeting
heve the same liberty of speech as in the lions.: of
Common 3, et- any private meeting of individuals. If they are at
bberty to nt,•tt at all, they should have freedom of spterh.
Is Mr. Ilirdelanda tokr.int is Religion as in Politics
this• they should 1.1,! equal.
And, therefore, that every mar. who has any opinions in poli-
tic; diuttld preach their.?—l think he might have his opinions
aboi:t then:.

No one can control:1 0-at. rut to I,,;:ari:?—l said if tt.r.•
were cons::!...-:.t r::tit the intcreitscf sosi:ty.
Lrc thlt Authoritie3.

Vas it broucht you tket:i—l wished are
241 r. !hrit. Not Cariile7—No. Did you Ever see
Are you aintitirlis of st:inj ?—Na; particularly so. I did
not !;row that h• was to be there. I did not see the placird.
::.•-exarnined.—/f you saw a plicatd si:,:ited by 700 persons,
c a ‘leetiaz fur a Ileferm in lb:it:la:nem, would you think
• isleetin;; ina.rpk:r or i11t.,,-d?—Certainly not.
LAVL::%"--.A.: to ttt2 lt;:dity of it, he can be no
jadg.2
:-2r. SCM:I.It7T contir.Ltd—lf any r:i+ delie(rcd a -pezch
• upon the Nati:%u do soini:C.tinz in a piaci: where
. was rjters..irdi eircuLred br r-.l:aril of the r:es: to the fartlit.st
pills of the svoild you a,Trt,..•:: of th..t?-117 is was to
b.: a:vie he violerlici, I eci,iiinly site-aid
Y1.7:?•-• when is us :d, you do
rut think it kvainabie, v•-'l7ttever the means rvii.;itt be no.
Th.i.t: if you had heard i:aat certain pers•sits had bribad---
Nr. littrit—Oh,l::ity to gai•vian.
.4,tice BA iLLY:•••-•(;9 0.1: ask ti.e
paaple a itv:ing had beer tt,lil that electors sold
t'.: it votes to a peroon s•: ho aft?ra:arris so:t1 1:• :se fir a rl Ice,
v. you not think that a Jt tubj,•:it It r di.:a‘si•ro?--That wits
p-vicisely wh:t I r.xant, when 1 said the pv.o: wine sold like

V-Inkt ytovr une.erstt.neing of the phra:n " s•Ali-tz Ti.'t ropt.s.
hk :laves: the y reccire twsney for th it votes, tn'
are sold again by Members of Parliament, who dispftsc of
Ileir tibrrties without cnasulLing thstr intirests. This 1 take to
be selling the people.
With regard to equal rerrceentation, 'Ton have been if
atirU a e.ortrino wai sate; did you bear any such preaolicl by
the spr.aiters?-1 did not hear tli.: speak,:ri.
J. to 11A:it:non, exann7sed by Mr. llunt.—The Meeting was
p-a,:taitie; saw no cutigds ittain7t the military, n•Jr any
.1r to resist them; had himsel; to f.:ars fur his
i:t.on or This was the last witness called.

a:r. Heat than are d, the: is my case.
?le. SZARLi.: z rail to reply. Tae day wan at length come
whet it Lecar...: clotO to adrlreea :he Jury tpon the winding
up of this tedtaz: thaue. very it.portant case. Ile could as-
sere thaen he fed: too sensiLly the 3roa: fo.ieue they had eone
through in its progress, and:.: state o: cell..est...co his Lordship
was in, to he at all disposed to toga:: a ooze of their time in
doing that thaa was absolutely necessary.!: was needless to
xemiod them, that in the situation he stood, as eounael for
cne party, he could not be supoosed individually to have a
ft-cling one way or the other. As a minister of justice he bad
E. duty to peer Jiro, and it was neither d. cent nor candid to
impute personal feelings to him in discharging that which his
la:too:lea and his conscience imposed upon him the necessity
cf doing. Ile found it necessary to premise thus rtibeh, be-
E-use he meant fearlessly to unmask the hypocrisy of the de-
ham, and shear, to the conviction Lurd.ship and the
.7ury, that four-fifvhs of the told :tote with which they had
for so many days been tortured, had nu more to do with the
joiots of this case than they would hove with any other meet-
:.g at which any of the defendants ever attended. Had the
_-y to look at the tone and temper in which the defence
otes conducted—who could say, whether this was a cool
i .:airy into the conduct of a number of defendants in a
Court of Justice, or a renewal of that attempt, by menace
and ietimidotiota, to do that here which was done at Alanches.
tee. I.:lanchole, indeed, would be the day, when that spirit
of itoimidetion—that scorn of good order, and that defiance
of the law, which is so cherished out of doors, and that too, by
men, whose talents would have done honour to a better cause.
When Courts cf Justice were turned into hustings, and the ver-
dicts of Juries %sere sought, not by cool reasoning, but popular
seaault, lealanchely would be the day when it would make its
way into tire sanctuary of the Liw. Ile wished not to live to
see the day ; but he it far off, or be it near, whilst he felt that
irately, life, property, and all that could endear existence. de-
pended Lied' a due administration of the laws, he would not
sieve to rase his humble voice, and exert his strength in resist.
ing its an:err:a:h. Gee forbid a:ly apprehension of popular feeling
soceid j.revent bin trom doing his duty. • He despised, he da-
ted and he should despise himself if h.i dal not. The
laeoeteit Course! then proceeded to notice sonic invidious re-
evatiis of 3!:-. made in the course of his defence, respect-
in; ie.:soli andthe Sub-Sheriff of the County. A
great part of Me. Hunt's Areal, he observed, was taken up in
compoonts :Let b.. (Mr. Scarlett) had introduced matter from
himsei: which he had no right to do. If the Lord of the Manor
of Glastonbury %lookd only take the pains of learning a little
peiitenets from Ceti Parson, his friend, he would perhaps,
know that Counsel never hazard any assertion that is not
to he found in their brief. It would seem as if Mr. Hunt
was the prosecutor, and that Mr. Scarlett was the defendrnt.
_aid he think that he (31r. Searlett) was so bail a practitioner as
to say that which he knew could not be septet-teal in evidence,'
and which, in the end, would rather Fajtelice than serve bus:
Callie? New, in order to thew \lr. Ilitat that he had it in his
Lief, he would read for him that part of it. Ile then read from
his brief, that on another banner there -.vas inserib-ed " No Corn
:...ova," and' a bloody dagger painted upon it. New from the
Evidence, it oppeared that the dagger wo; not, in fact, painted •
won it, and that it was only the handle :Oat seas red. Mr. Hunt
'W:44 pleased to say, that he only used this with a dramatic effect,'
to obtain the applause of the multitude. Agaie, lie sins charged
with endeavouring to make a witness ray teriile was with him
ot the .'.leetieg Mr. hunt, in speaking of tile to... Lesion that
this w alio: imply, became very pathetic, and even added ion-, to
rhetoi iced flourishes. " Good Goo. said he, is it ..st eneueh
th ; charged with being a traitor to my X..% Luc I niust
Ie ilos elot ged with being a renegado to my Gon.•' Connexion
with Clarlile! not he, forsooth; and he added, that if that per-
son Was 11‘iW suffering in prison, he would say what he
thought of This was a fine declamation! But was it true?
—ll-id not otte of his witnesses, and his most respectable oae,
ia lie saw Lim in the coach with him. lie would
tow t- aeother, and very importarit part of the deluxe.
?Ir. .1: int wa. cortaialy entitled to make all the use he could
I f the of Site Magistrates and the Constables as wit-
yrs 7'. ":1 L.l!x neeovion, for the Crown. He might ash why
.:e Lot called ? and he (Mu. Scarlett) would give. him
a too: m. 4 satisfactory answer. Whether the :Magistrates
there, atom inotivea yet unesplainsed, used a lawful
? whether the Constables were justified in con-
tfi.ase in fact? or whether the Yeomen, when they eur-
oa.• t d hest:nig 1, oil the ltith of August, did right or wroog ?
nosi .i 0 mere to .to with the (pie ohm before the Court, to en
ne; lor 3; r. Ikon was Lord ot I;al'iff of the Manor of Glos.
tresea or whether lie had Ire theosand or one thousand
rues en not calling thank was this: in the early
part of the trial, he (Mr. Scarlet;) a; well as the other advisers
rf the (howl), not Isnowing what the opinion of the Learned
sledge -.eould lie, though they were persuaded the inquiry could
rot a. „ii affect this ipiestion, neverthtless, had the Maxis
aitendonee. lie made no allosion whatever, either
to .aleir conduct, or two of the Yeomanry, hs his opening.
1'1: it he thought, howeler, cone about; the Learned Jidge
declared, thidThe conduct of the Yeomanry or the

Magistrates could•not he at all material to this trial. He was
persuaded such an inquiry was more an object with the defend-
ants than any other, tied he himself felt of what importance It
would be to make it. But why raise wantoe:y a prejudice
against individuals, which could have no other effect than that
of distracting the Jury? If the question now was, whether
the Meetiug was or was not a legal one ? it would be a thousand
times more important that whether Mr. Hunt was there or not?
In one case, their evidence would be material, in the preient,
unnecessary. This was his apology,. if one were wanted, for
rot bringing forward these Gentlemen, and it was his justifi-
. cation for not alluding to them in his opening speech. The Jury
would perceive how great an object it was with the defendants
to obtain this inquiry by any means, and what difficulty his
Lordship had to repress every one of their witnesses from going
into it. The case had nothing to do with the conduct of the
Magistrates; it should be discussed as if they were not in
question• at aIL If it be once assumed that the Meeting in
its formation and progress was originally illegal, it cannot
matter in what way it terminated. It must then Le considered
as if it 'had gone through all its forms and dispersed itsele—
If the Jury then agreed that the question was the same as if
there Was no interference, except as a circumstance (for if a
Yeoman had a stone thrown at him in the crowd, it was a cir-
ceinstanceebut not a conclusion), thin the result is very unim-
portant. The law which provides against illegal Meetings de-
dares, That if a body of people assemble in an illegal manner,
their separating peaceably will be no satisfaction, because, if a
into brings a crowd of persons togethar, he cannot say that he
will afterwards be .able to manage thent. Whe:: was the man
that could command fifty thousand, lead them about like wild
beasts, and make them tame or savage at his pleasure? No one
could, and least of all Mr. Hone The Learned Counsel then
commented upon his own witnesses, and denied that any one
could be said to be perjured. He asked, did it follow that in a
crowd of nearly ei3lity thousand pers-ms, if one, in a certain part
of it, saw stones thrown, and five hundred did not, tKat, there-
for, he was a p.:rjured man? Mr. Hunt called fifty-six wit-
nesses to prove that they saw no stones thrown ; he might have
called as many thousar•.ds to say the same, but that did not di-
minish Mr. liulton's credit. Mr. Mat seemed to rely on suc-
cess from the nutitbcr of his witnesses. was jext of a sys-
tem wheel, he would sheet by a speech of his own, he bad long
been I•re::ching. It was an object with the discontectcd to inti-
midate thosul calculated in the adMinistration of justice. Ile
would read it from a Newspaper, in which that person was re.
ported to have said u.
Mr. hunt—l subunit, my Lord, whether Mr. Scarlettt has a
to read, in his reply, a speech not proved to have been de-
luv.tred by use.

Mr.:a:AßlA:yr—My Lord, I cannot submit to this interrup-
tion. Is the defendant to dictate to toe what 1 havea right to do?
Mr. Justice BAYS 71--It does not appear to me, Mr. Scar-
lea, that he is dictating.
Mr. Hunt—l merely submit, whether he has a right toreply
ro what has rot aprtartid in evidence?
Ir. &Art r•-i—ltentember, Gentlemen, that he has read
Tecclies, and w..s allowed to do so by the Court. I now wish
to read this as rt•rt of n,y speech.
!Ir. Ilan:—What I object to is, reading from Newspapers
epeeehcs which may not be none.
Mr. Jos.ice BAYLEY.-11C has a right to read from a NCIV3-
rapor as.part of speech.
,Ir. Sc r.: r.—lt is given in the paper as the speech of Mr.
Ilion, aa•suining it to be such, I ash whether it is to be tole-
rated that any man, when charre,i iviLla assembling a riotous and
tumultuous assembly, with holding out excitements to disafee-
t ;an anti sedition, should be allowed to defend himself in such a
manner as this? " Let them bring their spies and informers.
lf they wish to try me for anything I have said or done, there
are fifty thous:tr.:l here ; let me -bring but fifty of you each day,
the• trial will last for three years; and let me see what Jud:e or
Jury st•i!! stand L." Si, Gentlemen, in the present instance, be
raich: c.. 1! nvti thousand if he pleased. Your Lordbhir,
no frequently tried fol riot or disa.fection?
Mr. Justice . . . .

Mr. Seeatater prucetded.—l thought your Lordship had pre-
sided at such trials ; I have been concerned in many cases or the
kind , and I can assure you, Gentlemen of the Jury, it is.ls cwr
been the practice upon such occasions, on the part of • the de-
fendants, to contend that there was no riot at all. to prove that
all was peace and good order, that there was no exciteaient held
out to tumult or disturbance, and fur this purpose witnesses were
not difficult to be procured, from the vast smothers concerned.
—3lr. Scoaeser continued to contend that Mr. Hunt's object
was, by calling a great number of witnesses, to wear out the pa-
tience of the Court and Jury. At first sight it would appear
that they were brought together promiscuously; but at bottom,
there was not only dexterity, but craft in the selection he made.
Where were those 7,0 householders who were said to have
signed the Requisition for the Meeting? Why were they not
brought forward? Was the Jury to be-caught by such chaff?
A man may prove much by witnesses which he produces, but
much may be inferred front witnesses which axe not produced.
Why ae nut the 700 who called the Meeting here to account
for the objects of it Because they never called it—because
they never signed a Requisition—because the whole was a base
fabsication. Not one of them appears-..not a witness produced
ever shoed a Requisition. This, then, was one headhf negative
evident;. Now, to turn back to another part of the defence,
one which pains had been taken to keep entirely out of view for
some days clack—was there any evidence offered to shew that
training did not go on in the neighbourhood of, Manchester for
sonic time preceding the Meeting ? Was there any confirma-
tion of the unparalleled assertion, that this was done only to
make the people march with more regularity into Manchester ?
Was any one produced .who had been so drilled, to say that
it lied no other object than that ? No. If there was no other
design, why not prove it? Was it unreasonable to suppose
that the Magistracy should have felt alarm at this train-
ing ? Why, the object of it was clear—at least, hitherto, it
has not been disproved. Why not contradict Chadwick/
Because they could not do it. So much then for their integrity.
The Jury had before seen the impotence of the defence. Now,
a word as to the defendant* themselves. No one could be
more sorry than he was to see Bamford in such company, for he
seemed discreet, his defence was marked by talent, and his con-
duct to the Court by respect. He deserved to be in better com-
pany. Bamford bad said, and so had Mr. Hunt and the Doc-
tor, that they considered certain principles their political rights:
Among there, Annual Parliaments and Universal Suffrage.
Johnson said the saint, and added that many worthy and holiest
melt agreed with him. He ( .Ir. S.) hoped there were some
hones( men who did not agree with him. They say " we think
Annual Pe/ha:mots and Universal Suffrage ate the rights of
the people." Now, in the first place, this was not the time for
trying the doctrines of Reform, and in the next, it was of little
consequence what Johnson, the Jury, or himself (Mr. S.)
thought about it. One thing, however, was clear, that if a man
has a system of Reform, whatever that be, and if he attempts to
dictate that to the Parliament, he becomes a transgressor to the
laws of the country. It is not only against the law to say, " we
must have so and so, this system or that," but it is also against
Referral itstif. To say that Annual Parliaments are political
rights is very absurd: there can be no political rights but what
issue from the law, and these the law condenses. Well, then,
say they, they are natural rights. Natural rights! They might
as well say they have.a right from nature to be a Peer. la what
leaf of the book of nature, he would be-glad to know, were
these to be found written? Oh, blit again, they are essential
to the Constitution. They were not essential to it, because
they never existed. The House of Commons was a body
caienatieg originally from' the Crown. Taft rights of the
felele were but gradually rehogidzed; for, in our history,
we find one Member named by the Ving, . and another
by the Sberiff. The people came by degrees to have the whine
po.vtr of sending theta; but' this was the work of ages. It
was qui:e impossible to think that any sudden change could be
elected in a nate= of so long standing. He then observed upon
the danger of preaching these doctrines at large Nleetings. As
well might Carlile say, the best religion was reason, and salva-
tion w. la but a fable. lit hoped, for the honour of the country,
that thicgs would never come to that pass, that we should
take ocr rel!gion from a tinman, and our ides of politics
from air. Hunt. The observation upon Mr. Carlile was not
uncalled ;or ; fur if Mr. Hunt did rot approve his princi-
Plefo why Lae this man—an unlettered man—by the hand,
and introduce hint to the notice of the people at Manchester?
He did not doubt that if Carlile 's doctrines were acted upon, a
new mode of getting a trial through a Court would be by dung
away the allegation of an oath. The Learned Counsel then re-
capitulated the charges against the defendants. The charges were,
for conspiring to bring about a Meeting, and to excite discon-
tent—doing this la a menacing manner, and holding that unlawful
Meeting in a menacing manner. Thee, he contended, were all
supported by the evidence. Ile would skew the system and connec-
ikon With this view, he read the Resolutious passed at the Sniiels-
field Mettinee et whi: ll Ml. Hunt presided a short time before.
.6-11 e then read the Address, calling" a Itieetlag far the fth of

. .
Almost, to consider of the propriety of sleeting a Legislatorial
Attorney to represent them in .Pastament, Henry llunt,-Esq.
In the Chair. Was there nd Burgess, no Gentleman, iti the
neighbourhood of Manchester, more interested in its welfare
than Mr. Hunt, to preside on such an occasion? To this Meet-
ing Sir Charles Wolseley and others were invited. The Magi,-
trates were held up to ridicule -in bills posted about the tsowo,
and their placard was treated with the uttalost derision, as being
ungrammatical and absurd,because it was worded as such papers
had cum:Slimly been, oh the authority of the best writers, and
contained nothing preposterous in the eyes of those accustomed
to the ordinary forms, and allowable abbreviations of language.
In this state of things, Mr. limit came from London—
Mr. Hunt here interfered, and said, he had not come from
London on that occasion.

Mr. Sceeerrr continued.—Web, he had dropped from the
clouds, or come from Coventry.
Mr. Hunt—My Lord, is this in evidence?
Mr. Justice Bomar.—How can it be in evidence ? It was
only used as a figure of speech.
Mr. Scene re proceeded—The Jury would obscree the im-
pertinence of the defendant! It was of a elect.. with the rest of
his conduct ! If he would not have it that -he name from Coven-
try, he (Mr. Searlett) would say he had dropped from the cicuds!
At all events, Mr. Hunt had come to Bullock-Smithy to meet
Moorhouse. Thither Moorhome had repaired to seek him. If the
Jury bore in mind what had then occurred, there was an end of
Moorhouse's defence. He would pen it to any man, if hunt, on
coming to Manchester, wished to .inspire respect for the sa eels-
trates, or to hold them up to public.contempt ? He, on his ar-
rival at Manchester, had described their conduct to have been
illegal, end said, that is nine tailors were wanted to make a man,
so it.seemed that nine Magistrates were wanting to publish a
placard, (alludin; to a paper that had been issued, signed be
nine hligistretes). He (Mr. Hunt) thought the Meeting
which had been called, hut which the Magistrates had prohi-
bited, was not illegal, and advised the people to have another
Meeting. This advice he had the audacity to give, with the
newly-elected Legislatorial Representative (Sir Charles Wolse-
ley,) sitting by his side, or at least in another carriage close by.-
-He (Mrs Hunt) considered that Meeting to be leWful which
the Magistrates had declared to be illegal; and he recommended
the calling of another, which he invited those be addressed to
attend, at the same time calling on them to take as many of their
friends with them as they could. Tbt Magistrates pronounced
a Meeting to be illegal; he declared it to be lawful, and wished
another to be called, that he might contest the matter with them,
and Mr. Moorhouse, it should seem, was to attend the witness
during the result of. the struggle. Mr. Hunt passed the week
between the 9th and the 16ch August at the cottage of Johnson,
the brush-maker, Ile (Mr. Hunt) had called no witnesses to
shew how he had pawed his time, while he was there, and they ,
knew of nothing that be had done in the course of the week,
with the exception of the ridiculous bravado of offering to sur-
render himself to the Magistrates on the Saturday preceding
the 16th of August, at a time when he knew that he had com-
mitted no act, for doing which they could have been justified
in•arrestirg him. Ile (Mr. Scatlett) thought he could shew
how Mr Hunt had been occupied in that week. He had been
engaged in drawing Nip and issuing an Address to the People.
This had been proved by his own witness (Mr. Grundy), who
had seen the original of a Paper, which had been issued to call
the Meeting of the 16th August, in Mr. Hunt's hand-writing.
This document contained a repetition of the advice which he
had addressed to the people on the 9th of August, and hid
undoubtedly not bleat issued till after much consukratien ; and
it was in cumultations on the subject that Mr. Hunt heel bee it
occupied during that week. The language of the bill was not
a little remarkable.' Part of it, ran thus :—" Cane then, ray
friends, to the Meeting, armed with no other weapon than a
self-approving conscience." Why, who had told him that they
were coming to the Meeting armed with any other weapon?
Why was this hint necessary? Looking at the language of
that bill, could it be doubted that Mr. hunt had had consel-
tations with Johnson, Knight, and othaes, while undetermined
whether he should go back or not before the 16th? The re-
sult of those consultatioas was his making up his mind to
stay_over the 16th. From the language of the bill to which he
had adverted, it was evident that Mr. Hunt was fearful that
the people, indented as they were, would be quicker in their
motions than he could have wished them to be—too quick for
the successful accomplishment of his object. Could this be
doubted, whea it was seen that he thought it necessary to
caution them against coming armed? This, and this alone,
was the advicei that he meant to give, but not daring to do
it openly, he adopted the precaution of telline than to come
ariaed with no other weapon than a self-approving conscience.
In consequence of this mandato, three witnesses called by Bam-
ford had proved that the sticks which. they had taken out with
them were left behind on the way. They had alsti barn
cautioned against making resistance, even though their leaders
should be taken. This too was in pursuance of the wish of their
chief, who felt naturally anxious that his men should not take
the field till their organization was complete. His instructions
were, in consequence, to this effect—" For Geds sake do not
shew your teeth till you can bite." It was his object to
keep back the preparations, and hepce the advice that they
should not come armed; and, to make it more significant, he
believed it could be shewn that the word "atoned" had been
primed in italics. But then the Magistrates were invited to
attend the Meeting to argue with the leaders of the people.—
(He begged the Jury to note that expression), and convince
them that they were in error, if indeed their reasonings were
fallacious. This invitation was but a jest, intended to hold
up the Magistrates to public derision. Could it be pre-
tended, that it was hoped that they would be able to reason
with a multitude, consisting of eighty thousand men, women,
and children? Who were the leaders alluded to? Was
Mr. Carlile, who had been invited to the Meeting, one
of them ? Was Mr. Smith, of Liverpool, one? But it
was right to say, that that Gentleman ought not to be
regarded as one, seeing that he, though invited, had declined
going on the hustings. That day's placard described the
object of tho*e calling the Meeting to be, to edentate the
eternal principles of truth and justice, and to claim privileges,
with their right to which (unfortunately for those opposed to
them) the people were but totewell acquainted. It went on—
" We hereby invite" (this was the language of a placard signed
" Henry Hunt,") the Magistrates who called the \leering ad-
vertised fur Monday illegal, to come among us and discuss the
merits of the question. If we are wrong, let them do their
duty by setting us right, instead of preventing our meeting by
violence." The Magistrates, forsooth, were to discuss the ques-
tion of Parliamentary Retorm with Johnson, iiensford, Dr.
Healey, Swift, Wilde, and C.ulile, and Moorhouae was perhaps
to decide between them. Could any man affect not to know'
the meaning of an invitation like this? Could any one doubt
that the object of it was to hold up the Magistrates to scorn
and ridicule, and to shew that it depended on the good pleasure
of those calling the Meeting whether they should 'be taunted,
banked, or trampled upon?, Whatever opinion might (reformed
on the events of the 16th or August, he would contend there,
as well as elsewhere, that the Magistrates, looking at the pre-
parations for the Meeting, connected as these were known to
be with the drillings and traiuings which had previously taken
place, Would have deserved to be dismissed front their situa-
tions, if they had not taken their stations on the ground,. teed
adopted precautions to guard against excesses that might occur.
The Learned Cotiniel then went over the evidence of Chadwick.
That young man hadleft :Manchester, at twelve o'clock at nieht,
on the 15th of August, to ea to White Moss, having heard that
the training was going on at that piece. lle founds large body of
people on the ground, marching and performing other military
evolution". _They formed in line two deep, and all present were
made to fall in. The words" Make ready," 0 Preseat," " Fire,"
were given ; and at the word " Fire," a conacetancous cleppieg
hands took place. Instead of going into a tedious inquiry into
matters totally irreles ant on the present occasion, Mr. Hunt
wouid have dope Weil to apply himself to prove that no sueh
drillings and training' had taken place. These, how ever, were
to be disproved: The testimony of Chadwick had not been
shaken, and stn slander had bean breathed on the testimony of
this witness but by the breath of Mr: Hunt: What he had de-
posed was not at all at variance with the evidence gicta by Shaw-
cress and Murray, who saw nothing bat marcaing and rennin-
at White Moss. These witnesses, in fact, careebt rated the testi-
mony of Chadwick. They were present five or ten minutes beg
fore they were attacked ; and as el le party wee.: mareliieg all
the time, it was not surprising that they did no: hear the words,
a hake ready," " Present,' and " Fire," as those evolu-
tions were not performed while bodies of men were marching.
Who had contradicted Chadwick ? No man; no man but Mr.
Ilunt. He (Chadwick) prayed those evhlutions to have conti-
nued ter beers, astd all the spectators were formed in line, being
supposed favourable to the views of the conspirators. Murray
then conies on the ground, is called a spy, and body of them
pursue him. This Chadwick saw, and this Murray and 'Shaw-
cross had proved. This drilling, it was felt by the parties, would
not bear the ireeection of a Constable, lie(Murray) was ac.

coed beely beaten,. and forced to knee! down and forsvrear IA
allegfanie to save his life. Murrey, however, though he did
this, was so severely treated, that wheu conveyed to his borne
he was confined to his bed, unable to move. Chedwirk then
I described the approach of one of the parties to Manchester on
i the following dly, the halt before Mei ray's hose, and the
? shout of the crowd, tvith the cry, " No White Moss hilinbage"
1 He described similet conduct en the part of tint. body with
which Mr. Hunt came. But tlisn Mr. Ihint wot,kl have it he-
Breed that he heed no controul over the mob. This, lioweeen,
would not do. Mr. Hunt was not to tell them at one time that
he Cad such controul over the crowd that be had the merit of
keeping them peaceable, and at ;mother, thea he had no corer
mend of them at all. The evidence of Cited-nick was confirmed,
zs to the conduct of the crowd, by one of the defendant's wit-
nesses, Mr. 'ryas, who he had learned (since Isis aerivai at York),
was a Gentleman of most respectable character, who had dis-
tinguished himself at the University of Cennseiege—Mr. Tyas
went even further than Chadwick, for he described the mob to
beve hissed and groaned at the Star, where tee el archeate r M. -
gistrates were assembled. This hissing was in etri.4lcn on the
nine wire 'Magistrates, as they were callen, anti this conduct, on
the part of the mob, furnished a fair s.mple cf the treatment
which they had to expect if they accepted the ioeitetion sire n
them to attend the Meeting. A frther inanifeetatien of the dis-
pcntion excited among the crowd was found in theie conduct
when they art iced opposite the Police-office, Mai:chcser, where
they hissed and groaned at the Constables on dhty. \Vas this
conduct to be regarded as indicating anything like respect for the
Magistrates and the Police? lie comended,• that the Authori-
ties could not be upheld, and orde; could not be maintained,. if
persons in office were to be thus contemptuously treated. Why
were the Special Constable's to be insulted? They cenhisted of
some of the most respectable inhabitants of that vast town.
This Mr. Hunt himself had proved.by one ...f the new respeerelne
witnesses that he hid called. The Learned Gentlemen then de-
scribed the advance of different bodice front 'settees pace: el,-
tant from two or three to nice or twelve miles front Matichester,
with ail the appearance of persons well disciplined. .1 et es-
ber of trainings had been known to have previously tahsa
place in the neighbourhood' of Mem:lie:ten Several large h.:;-
dies of men had been seen exercising at Tandie Dill and setri-
MIS other places. One person had seen two thousand persees
thus assembled between six and tell in the morititt. is had
been proved, even by ;he nefeunants witnesses, that Llae:ford,
or some other leader, had been engaged tie the anorn'o of
the 16th in exercising the Mid.lle:olt people, by forming them
into a hollow square. . It had heel: proved tl,at sprigs cf
laurel had been riven to the haters of :he s,,,:ri•Jas cr com-
panies, and then they re arched tili,ntpltaotiy to Menchestenh-
Why had all the precaut inns previ 1 to here been adopted been
taken? Why was all this, if notiliee more than a common
Meeting was intended? These very prceaueoes slimes,' ti:a;
something more was in contemplation. Could the Jery imagele
that these proceedings had no object but to. preserve oruehat the
Meeting of the 16th of August? Ile could not for a moment
believe that they were to be caught with such chaff. Ile would
agree. that Mr. Hunt had taken great pains to prevent an explee
sion on the loth of August. He (Mr. Hunt) had celled many
witnesses unnecessarily, to prove that the words which he had
used on the hustings, " put them down and keep them down,'
did not apply to the Military. lie (Mr. Szar:ert) had never
made them a past of the case. But this be made a part of
the cake that Mr. Hunt would not have thought the precau-
tions which he had used necessary, if he had not thought it
probable that some breaking out %voted take plert. Ile
then adverted to the u.stiniony given by seventeen of the
defendants' witnesses, good, bad, and indinerent, and sawed it
to have but little beating on the merits of the case in 1..v..,ur of
Mr. Hunt and his friends. Ile particularly elitected the atten-
tion of the Jury to the evidence of the witness Schofield, the
Dissenting Minister; he would ask them it they could believe
that man on his 0411? He (Sckofieln) could not at first tecolkea
that he had written for a seditious newspaper; then he could ix!
remit; et that what he had written had any comic: ton with pl,-"
lines, theueh it turned nut that they ware connected with nos
thing else. Then he stated the riper.; that he had .furnished to
the joureel in question to have been written one before, and
one after the 16th of August, ard then that both were written
afterwards. The 17 wimesses however to which he had made
allusion, had shown that there was enough in the made in which
the meeting had keen drawn together, combined with the pre-
vious trainings, to inspire terror and a:arm in the minds of all
the peaceable and respectable inhabitants of Manchester.
—Or. the threat that that town should be made a second Mose
cos, and on that of one of a party that he would get as good a
coat as that which the person to when, he addressed himself wore
bofere night, he laid no stress as connected with the Meeting
of that day, but he must contend, that these threats breaking
out, nutwhlestanding all the reel:, tions that had been used,
went to prove what were undeestood to be the ultimate objects
of the combination. In spite ors all the orders issued to the se-
veral leaders of that day, it heed linen shesvn that the feeling
was the effect •.f the conspiracy, which would eeentualiy go to
array the poor against the rich. To this -they were come at lash
though matters were not ripe for proceeding to action on that
day. It was worthy of remark that Mr. Hunt had not thought it
necessary to explain those significant words, " your enemies,'
whichhe admitted that he had used. It had been sworn, and,
perhaps', very truly, that at the time he uttered them the mills
tary were not in sight, and hence it may be inferred that
they did not apply to them. 're whom tires did they apply ?
Was it to the Magistrates and the Constables? Surely the Jury
were not to be told, that it was too much for demagogues to go
about at this time of day to inflame the people, by fel:nevi:lth g
the Local Authorities, to whom they owed obedience, to be
their enemies? To do as Mr. Hunt had done—to tell the peop'e
that they had a right to do what the Magistrates had told theist
they had no right to do, and to invite them to do it in defiance
of their authority, what was it hut to teach the popalase then
they might trample on the Magistrates when they pleased, al-
though it might not be his good pleasure to do so at that parti-
cular time? This borne in mind, he, for one, could not bet
give credit to the honour, to the integrity, nay, to the judgment,
of that Magistrate, Who had given it as his opinion, that had the
persons acting such a part been allowed to go on without herr-
ruption, Manchester might not have been standing at this mo-
ment. He referred to the riots in 1780, and to the subseqtve-t
proceedings,agaiust Load George Gordon, on a charge of Hinlt
Treason, for the part he had taken in them. From the nine
chiefs which ensued from the public mind being inflamed as it
was then, though without any evil intention, as it uppeafed, in
the first instance, and from the prosecution then insthuted
against the then Lord Mayor of London,, for not puttinght
stop to the riots in the that instance, he ,inferred that the
Magistrates of Manchester were justified in takine those pe e
cuutiens to which they had so very promptly resorted.—
Ile complained of the manner in which Mr. Hulton had ?itch
vilified, for the evidence which he gave in the couiie of th a
trial. That-Gentleman was a man of fortune and family, and
known fur a most humane and charitable man in that part cf
the country. If others did not see or hear that whfch be lied
deposed, it by no means followed that that to which he hsd
sworn was untrue. Ile had thought the shout which he heard
proceed from the crowd was ,one of defiance. He had seen
sticks and stones in the air as the Cavalry advanced, and had
seen the crowd closed in upon them before they reached the
hustings. .To contradict this respectable person, Mr. hunt le d
called a number oinwitnesees who dial het see or hear whet
Mrs Hutton had described. But if, in addition to those broutht
forward, he (Mr. Hunt) had called 40,000 more to prove that
they kuew nothing of the circtenstances in question, that wield '
not maternity have altered the nature of the case.. In nerioes
points he shewedthat Mr. Hulton's evidence was corroborated
by the evidetice of Mr. Orton, and even by that of- Mr. Tye-,
and by another witness for the defence, a very respectable
man, Mr. llubsor.. Other witnesses heard the Words used
to direct there to lock arms, and these were said to be ed..
dressed to the crowd by order of the Committee. Ile did 'eh
believe that it was intended to proceed to violence that day ;
but the cenect was to prove that they could make themselvts
mon fennidable whenever they should chute. IVhst else the
words " Be firm !" Ste. that were proved to have been used.
It was meant to skew the town of Manchester that those fin m-
log the Meeting knew how to combine in inch strength thet
they could de what they pleased. 'the peeple of Mencnester
were loyal and respectable, and he was satisfied that they de-
sired no Meeting like that which had been called in their town
for the I6th of August : he the net heliehe that 700 of the re-
spectable inhabitants had signed the requisition calling the Meet-
ing. Mr. Swift might know the parties who had eaUedbuttbs:
&
Meeting, but he (Mr. earn) did not, and Mr Hunt bad known
better than to produce one ss ituesa to prove that fact. It might
be that .700 weavers had put their names to some paper,
requisition had been signed by 700 of the respectable inhebitates
of Manchester. l.nhe mixture of women and children in the crows,
on which so much stress had been laid, he inahstained was coal-
mon to every mob ; andthis was one of the circumstanter h h;:h
canted thedauscr attendant oo such Meetings. Such a Matti: g

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