Star.
London, England, 1829-08-26 00:00:00

VARIATIONS 171 TOR TRICE urrusticH MN PIA CSATy.

October, 1799
November, 1799
Ditto, 21, 1799
June, 1800

June 'JO. 1815
Decentber, 1815
Ditto, 1816
Ditto, 1817

December, 1800
Ditto, 1801
Ditto, 1800
Ditto, 1803
Ditto
. 1804

August. 1818
Docentbrr. ISt S
Ditto, 1819
iB2O
Ditto. I sSI

Ditto, 1605
Ditto, 1806
August, 1807
December, 1807
1)ltto, 1808
Ditto, 1809

_ .
Ditto, 1812
January, 1403
August. 1823
Dreentiver, 11123
Ditto, 1824
Match, 1823

Ditto, 1810
Ditto, 1811

November. 11125
Deomber, IS 9;

Ditto; lil 2

1446

Onto,

1615

N 1 arc it 29, 1814

Dam. 11127
_

lkcrmb: r, 1814

Ditto
. 1628
- -

March 4, 1815
In the same circular the tonne
riatinns in the 3 per Cents. since
1825—May . . 75

Marcia 18'29

August
November
1826—January
November

. 71
. 60
. 66
*. 72

ring are given as the priacipal •a-
thrir creation :-
11827—May • • 70

•
July
November
182 —January
December

. 7t
66
. 69
74

December . .66 11828—March . . .78
LIVERPOOL Ave. 24.

We have no alteration to notice in our Cotton JiarLet
to-day. The sales do nec exceed 1,200 to 1,500 bags.

At the Manchester market on Saturday, wheat ad-
vanced 61 per bushel of 701b5.; and the 'bolder+ here are to-day
silting a considerable advance on the improved prices obtained here
on Saturday hit, and serious apprehensions are entertained for the
fate us the crops.

STATE OF TRADE.

In the manufacturing districts trade is languishing—wages are
low—employment scarce—and the labouring classes in straits.—
If we come higher up. we find the merchants. manufacturers,
and capitalists, also complaining fur the want nt trade, and a
general dullness in most branches of industry. To whit, it may
be asked, are we to refer all this distress? We apprehend that
we may be at no loss to trace all the distressing effects which
we see to very plain and intelligible causes, laid deep in the
very eun•titution of human society. First, with respect to the
labouring classes, it is only in • community where there is plenty
of subsistence that their condition can be prosperous. It is 411
Invariable law of human society, that mankind tend to increase
faster than food can be provided for them. This fact is proved by
the rapid keenest of all new colonies where there is plenty of sub-
sincere ; which rapid increase would as well take place in other
communities, were it not that food could nut, in long-established
and cultivated countries, he found fur such a continual influx of
new mouths. There is. indeed, no other reason why the population
of Britain should not be doubled in twenty years. as well as that of
the back settlements of America. except that in the one country
subsistence can be increased, and in the other it cannot he in-
creased. But when population increases in old countries, ill
presses against the limits of its subsistence, then there us less food
for the people in the aggregate, and a smaller share for each 'MU.
vidual ; and to this smaller share he is restricted by low wages and
want of employment—which is just the case at present in this
country, and still more se in Ireland, from which crowds of starv-
ing people daily overflow into this country, glad to work for almost
nothing; and thus bring down wages toa still lower level, and add
to the miseries of the people. Thus far with regard to the labour-
ing classes, the most numerous and important class of the community.
With regard to merchants and capitalists. they again are dis-
tressed by an overflow of capital in the country. which reduces
the rate of profit and the interest of mosey. They are also dis-
tressed. because, owing to the prodigious power which we possess
over machinery. we melanin:titre more than we consume.—
This overloads the markets, and naturally causes a decline of price
frequently ruinous. In order clearly to account for the fall in the
rate of profit and in the interest of money subsequent to the war,
it will be necessary to explain that capital, what is really given
by the lender to the borrower. though money is the medium in
which it is conveyed, consists in finished work. in goods fit
for use, and laid up in t►e stock reserved for immediate con-
sumption. All the finished work, or manufactured goods, the
produce of labour, are eventually consumed ; but when they are
in great plenty—when the stock reserved and set apart fur im-
mediate consumption is large—when it bears a great properness to
what is consumed—then k will happen, that articles after they are
manufactured may lie long in the national stock, before they are
taken out fur consumption. But in this case they must lie on band
either with the manufacturer, the wholesale merchant, ur the retail
dealer; and this is just what wakes a dull trade, when articles lie
long in the warehouses of the merchants; when the produce of la-
bour,overflowing in all the channels of trade, makes a tedious pro-
greu from t►e manufacturer to the consumer. All classes in this case
and their hands encumbered with goods. They canon get them
easily &pond of ; and in the increasing keenness of compd..
don which this occasions, they vie with each other in lowering
their prices. and thus the rate of refit is reduced, owing
to the increasing plenty of goods and the dullness of sake. The
quantity of goods in the national stock has increased so much in
proportion to the quantity consumed, that a long interval elapses
between the production and the consumption of any article. The
rate of interest falls, of course, with the rate of profit. The
lending of money is the leading, not of the paper or the gold in
which the transaction is settled, but the lending of goods. When
a merchant borrows five hundred or a thousand pounds, it is not
for the purpose of lying idle in kis cans ; he buys goods with
it ; and this accommodation consists, therefore, in the loan of
goods, not of money ; and as the quantity of goods increases
in the country—as production gains upon the consumption—
these goods entice, as we have before shown, be sold lot so
great a profit as before ; and the same cousideration cannot. there-
fore, be snowed for the loan of them. But a fall in the rate of
is -
terest arising, if it arises from the accumulation of stock, is no
indication of consnsercial distress; nor ill it prejudicial to the coot -
try generally; it is only prejudicial to the leaden; of money, and
what the lender loses the borrower pins. But a fall in the rate of
profit or interest may arks, not so much from any increased
produce of goods es from a falling off in the consump-
duo, owing to poverty, general distress, and want of work
among the great bony of the people—and at present we
are inclined to trace the fall in the interest of nioney to
this cause. It is, therefore, intimately connected with the animal
distress, and is, indeed, caused by it. We have no room at present
for further remarks, nor to say any thing on she state of agricul-
ture ; but we shall resume the subject in a future Paper, when we
shall give this important branch of industry its due consideration—
and shall also consider briefly the state of the country during the
war, and the cause of the extraordinary prosperity which then pre-
vailed; and which we shall endeavour to show was not occasioned
by the war, but in spite of the war.—. deans amuck.

Several persons in this town have been imposed on to
the extent of the postage of a letter from London. by lithographic
letters, signed, " Joseph Ady, 16, Houndedltch, London." who ern
the writer, for a tee, offers to give information that will be of ad-
vantage to the parks.--Newcastle Paper.
The western coaches which start from Piccadilly are
obliged to take a circuitous route through Iktkeley-square and
Park-lane, owing to the greater part of that immense thorourdare
being again blocked up by the paviera.