Star.
London, England, 1827-06-09 00:00:00

would have imprinted fee eveeeke stain of bad faith on the as,..
of the country had they ontittenalte hour of threatened dangers
to do what the faith of treaties, thellionour of the nation, and their
own interests alike called upon them to perform. The question.,
Interfering with the internal affairs of Portugal has been answered
fully before. It had been answered by his Right Honourable
Friend (the Chancellor of the Exchequer), when in his speech,
that night be stated that the very same reasons which first lo•
duced the Government to determine on sending a force to Por-
tugal still misted (or retaining It there, though circumstances
had arisen which gave reason to hope that such a necessity world
not continue long. The House could uot so soon have forgotten
the declaration made at the time the armament was sent out.
These declarations were now repeated, and what other answer
could be expected? The Member for Dor-etshire (Mr. Bank's)
asked whether a single Spanish soldier had passed the frontiers of
Ptrtugal? whether a single step had been taken by the Spanish,
Gneernesent to justify that expedition? Admitting that no Spanish'
soldier had passed the frontier, did the Hon. Gentleman think that
the assembling on that frontier of a large Spanish force, in a me-
Twins attitude, and prepared at I. moment's notice to commence
hostilities in aid of a disaffected and dangerous party in the state—
did the Hon. Gentleman think that this was a matter of no impor-
tance? a matter not to be provided against by a faithful Ally, bound
by treaty to succour that State in the hour of danger. This force
so collected was in part composed, be it remembered, of deserters
from Portugal. Would the lion. Gentleman say thlt a menace of this
nature would not justify the country so menaced in an appeal to
arms? If Portugal had a right, under such circumstances, to demand
an explanation, it followed as a necessary consequence that her Ally
had the same right ; for the nisht of the Ally depended on, and, fol-
lowed the same law as that of the principal. Much had been
said about not interfering in the internal affairs of Portugal, or the
parties that might exist there, friendly or unfriendly to the new
order of things. Suppose a nunsber 0f Portuguese deserters to
have gone into Spain, to have joined a Spanish force, to have
been armed and equipped by Spain for the purpose of making war
upon their country; such men must to all intents and porptises
be treated by the Ally of Portugal as forming part of a f
force from the moment they menaced or attacked the count:4;llC'
a war should break out here, as sometimes occurred in former
times, and that a rebellion was raging at the same period, the
foreign Ally of this country, In the event of invasion, world
be Island to come to her aid. with as, army, and would be isentad
to contend against thasismaders, with all their alders and abettors,
whosoever they might be. He would pot a case which proved be-
yond all doubt that it was in tampon of Portugal herself, and not
her constitution, that they had sent out this force. Thir was distinctly
avowed and proved by what took place in 1825. His Right Hon.
Friendmho then so ably conducted the Foreign Affairs of the cows-
try,informed the Government of France that any manifestation of
hostility against Portugal would immediately bring into the field the
whole force of England. And this was Portugal, not circumstanced
as at present,but then in a state of general excitement and democra..
tic revolution. Could any thing prove more clearly that England
considered herself bound by treaty to come in aid, if necessary,
nut of any form of Government that might be established, but of
Portugal herself, in the exercise of her own rights. He should not
ptetend to say what the opinions of the people of Portugal were
with respect to the present Constitution. It was extremely difficult
to judge with any thing like accuracy of the sentiments which pre-
vailed at home, much more among foreigners, with whose habits of
thinking and whose manners they were in a great measure unac-
quainted. The Hon. and Gallant Officer who spoke last might, for
any thing be knew, be correct in his estimate of the opinions enter-
tained by the Portuguese of their Copeck ution. The principal objection
of the Hon. Gent, to their interference seemed to be, that it was likely
to give offence to certain powerful despotic slaves in Europe. Now,
if matters had come to sock a crisis that this great, enlightened, and
free country, dared not attempt to perform the sacred duties
imposed by treaty—dared not come in aid of an ancient and faithful
Ally, menaced, in the exercise of its just and undoubted rights by a
foreign force—then he must say that not only Portugal, but Eng-
land, was unfit for liberty—(Cheers)—that she bad fallen from her
proud station among nations, that she was no longer worthy to be ,
ranked among those distinguished for freedom, honour, and intel-
ligence—what she was indeed a country ate peritura. He would do
nothing wantonly co provoke a great State, and would confine him-
self as moth as possible to the moral induence of Councils.—
Ile would perform the duties of courtesy towards every Power,
whatever might be his opinion of the manner in which its Go-
vernment was administered; but be would net be deterred from
the performance of a sacred and high duty, from an appro.
haulms that it might give offence to any Power, however great.
—lf there-was any obligation at all in treaties, it was clearly,
demonstrable that Great Britain, in December last was bound
to succour Portugal. The Jaw was perfectly clear, and the
application of it to the then existing circumstances equally clear.—
It was not, therefore, without some regret, be heard his Hon.
Friend, the Member for Aberdeen (Mr. Hume), whose honest and
useful lab Ours in that House were worthy of commendation, pro.
pose an inquiry for the purpose of ascertaining whether, by their
treaties with Portugal, they were bound to send a force to her
assistance, under the circumstances of the case? and the Hon. Gen-
tleman then proceeded to attack the measure, as if he bad proved
that no such obligation existed. He asked no more in this case
than what he should canceled for if the treaty was with the Emperor
of Morocco, or the most despotic State that ever existed. If,
however, he 'were asked why he truly rejoiced at the prompt and
vigorous fulfilment of a treaty upon this °echelon? he had no
hesitation in avowing that it was on account of the attempt openly
and most unjustly made to interfere with and disturb the free In-
stitutions of Portugal. It was said that they were not to interfere
with her Institutions. Were they then to be told that they must
strictly observe treaties with Powers however despotic, and how-
ever dangerous and mischievous the consequences to which they
might lead ; and that they were to break them only in cases where
an ancient Ally made some endeavours to secure to herself the
blessings of more liberal Institutions, and a more free Constitu-
ciao ?—(Hear, hearoreat.) The Hoe. Gentleman who last ad-
dressed the House said that the other nations of Europe were
alarmed at their proceedings, and that Englishmen were now
looked up to not with the same feelings as they had been accus-
tomed to. He heard other and very different accounts of the
effects produced by theit proceedings with respect to Portugal,
end that within the last forty-eight hours, from an English Gentles
man, highly capable of judging. lie should not name him, not
being authorised to do so; but the impression made on kis mind
abroad was very different to that mentioned by the Honourable
Gentleman. Hg stated, that, within twenty four hours after the
intelligence arrived of the vigorous steps taken in aid of Poetess%
every Englishman whom he met abroad found himself raised
among the foreigners, with whom he had any intercourse, in
dignity and importance ; that Bs* experienced an effect somewhat
analogous to that produced during the memorable and glorious
Administration of Lord Chatham in the seven years' war. Ho
could assure Gentlemen that though these things might appear of
little importance, they were not so in reality. They were indido
dons of the feelings entertained by the civilized world, of what
might to be the policy of a great and free country ; they &hewed that
what 'salted nations tended to exalt individuals both in their own
estimation and in that of others, and that such feelings should be
cherished as the best security of States, as the most efficacious des
hoce in war, and at the sante time the most efficacious preserva-
tive of that peace, which it ought to be the dearest object of all
Governments to preserve—(Cheers). The foreign policy of
his Right Honourable Friend had given increased dignity to
every Englishman in every Court in Europe—had given him
more reason to be lamed of his country, and attached him more
to the country of which he was justly proud. lie stated before
that all parties had concurred in this measure, in which Minis-
ters of course concurred. They were, therefore, now bound
in consistency to support the present proposition, unless in-
deed it could be 'hewn that some new circumstances had
arisen to induce them to alter their former determination.—
Not having had an opportunity of stating his opinions before,
be should now take the liberty, as a private and humble Member,
of Parliament, of declaring his readiness to support the present Ad•
mini•tration. lie was norone of those prawns who felt a decided
hostility to coahtioras. Since the period of the lievolution, one-third
pt ships of the Governments which directed the affairs of the country
were tormed by coalitions. In reading history, and observing what
measures had been pursued, he did nut perceive that the worst had
their origin with coalitions. It was not by a coalition that the
Treaty of Utrecht was signed, and an attempt made to exclude thel
House of Hanover from the Throne of England. It was under a''
coalition that the grew and glim ious victories in queen Anne's time
were achieved and the Succession to the throne secured in the house
of Hanover. It was not by a coalition that an attempt was made
to defeat that Succession, but it was by a coalition the attempt
was defeated, and it oat' under a coalition the country gained all the
glories of the seven years' war. But 0 peace has her sfictorks no
leas renowned than those of war." Suffimeet glory was to be gained
in the pteunt times of peace, by the just anti wise Administration
of a great State. Now that a coalition bad taken lilacs upon prin-
ciples which he mow heartily approved, it was Ist no purpose to
ever to any warmth of language that might hawse in other times,
and milder different circumstances, been elicited in toe heat of
debase. said the mansion of ()pintoes:. Such a course could
have no other effect than needkasly• to pr,dong spondee, aid
nwerty. He bad no objection to a coalition of Whigs and
'locks ptcovided they west not so in the, estrseng be ;mild see

sio.diffieulty In their taion. He was much of the opinion of.
Dr. Johnson, who said that Whigs and Tories differed' only in
degree, that an extreme Tory rendered Government unintelligible,
and an extreme Whit rendered It impracticable. He was ready to
give his support to the Government,because he concurred witltthem
in every financial , and in that wise and liberal policy they
were pursuing with respect to trade and commerce. The President
of the Board of Trade (Mr. Huskisson) he looked upon as one of
the most deserving public Servants that any country ever had—
(Cheers)--and one at the same time the most ill requited, as ap-
, peered by the illiberal attacks so often made upon him. He ad-
mired him not only for his acquaintance with general theoretical
principles, but for Arlo:and good sense and practical knowledge
with which he applied them to details. Looking at the events of
the three last years, considering that within that period the in-
-dependence of the South American States had been secured;
tut prompt and vigorous assistance had been afforded to Portugal ;
and that measures moat beneficial to commerce had been adopted,
he must look upon them as three years of the most brilliant and
useful success which their history could boast of.--(The Hon. and
Learned Gentleman concluded, amidst cheers, by tendering his
humble support to the present Administration).
Mr. ti UM R said he wanted nothing but a fair field and fair play.
He still, notwithstanding the eloquent speech of the Hon, and
Learned Gentleman, continued of the same opinion he expressed six
months back. The don. and Learned Gentlemau saiJ, he waa quite
intoxicated by the resolution to which the House had come, of send-
ing a force to Portugal, and he still seemed to continue in the same
stare of intoxication. He (Mr. H.) felt confident that no treaty
with Portugal could be produced, by which they were bound to
assist her with an army, except in the event of actual invasion.—
This treaty was originally entered into one hundred and fifty years
back, between England, Holland, aad Portugal. Now that Hol-
land had withdrawn from it, he would ask whether England alone
was to continue Naomi? From all he could hear on the subject,
the treaty having teen tripartite, and one of the parties, Holland,
lisiZaseceded, it was no longer binding, and ought to be re-
They were endeavouring to support a Constitution
des-11Ymeugal, for which the people seemed to have no wish.,
may mere as deserving of condemnation for their interference as
Frown for her invasion of Spain. If those at the bead of the
Govereenien in Portugal were friendly to the Constitution, how
did It lumen that those who were taken in arms against it had not
I been p ? So far from tending to secure general peace by
such interference, they only set a dangerous example to other
nations. He was disposed to propose an amendment, which, if'
agreed to, would have the effect of preventing this vote from be-
ing carried. He should, however, postpone it to another op.
portunity, when it was likely he should have more in the House
disposid to agree with him.
Mr. H. TWISS rose to answer the question of the Honourable
Gentleman, which the absence of his Honourable and Learned
Friend (Sir J. Mackintosh) prevented him front noticing. The
Honourable Gentleman asked," Does any man helieve,where three
Iparties sign a treaty, and one of them afterwards withdraws, that
the treaty remains binding on the ethers? How the Honourable
Member could ask such a question, he was at a loss to conceive,
particularly looking to the three Powers in this case. He would
suppose three parties to a defensive treaty : one of these parties
might afterwards wish to invade the other ; and, according to the
doctrine of the Hots. Gent. he had only to withdraw himself from
the treaty to effect his purpose with impunity, because in that case
the treaty ceased to be binding on the Ally, who would have no
right to interfere. Such was the effect that the Hon. Gentleman's
doctrine mast have. He stated this, because it would be 03011 t in-
jurious, if it went forth to the country that such an understanding
prevailed in that Houston a point of International law. When the
Hon. Gentleman argued that this cannery ought not to interfuse with
her Allies, be might as well say broadly, that she ought to have no
foreign Mites.
Mr. CANNING said be had been asked by a Gallant Beer (Cot
Davies) why he did not find means to prevent the French invasion
of Spain, as be had done to prevent the Invasion of Portugal by
Spain? Now, supposing the circumstances to be in all other re-
spects equal;t6ere was still this es Wel difference—that in the one
case we werenot obliged td interfere by treaty, and In the other we
were (bear, bear); and as their whole case rested oo the observance
of treaties, he thought this was a very fair answer. Another queer
tints asked was,—as no army was sent into Spain to support an at-
tempt to form a more democratic Government in 1525, why an
army was subsequently sent into Portugal to defend liberal institu-
tions in that country? In answer to this, he would say, as he bad
said before, that the army was not sent to Portugal to support any
institutions, but it was sent to serve the kingdom of Portugal from
1 invasion by Spain—Spain menacing invasion as the time, and this
country being bound by treaty to prevent it—(Hear, hear). He
thought the cases were sufficiently distinguished ; and on these
grounds he deemed it unnecessary to enter farther into the subject.
He had been asked early in the debate, whether the two commis-
sariats were now going ea? The English commissariat were making
disbutsements on account of the English troops, and the Portuguese
commissariat were also employed. If in the course of this co-ope-
radon a balance should appear on the accounts In favour of this
country, to that amount there would be a claim on Portugal. On
a former occasion, such a balance appeared in f of England ;
and be begged leave to remind Gentlemen that it had been most
honourably discharged.
Mr. MABERLY expressed his disapprobation of the connexion
which existed between the Bank of England and fhe Government.
The Bank had lent the Government nearly all its capital, in return
for which it possessed a monopoly which was injurious to the
country. The moment the exchanges went against us the Bank
would be obliged to contract its circulation, which it could only do
by carrying into the market the Exchequer-bills which they held as
securities of Government—a proceeding which must inevitably
create great inconvenience and alarm in the mercantile world.
The flesolution was then agreed to. The House resumed,and the
Report was ordered to be brought up on Monday.
The House went into a Committee of Ways and Means. The
Resolution that £300,000 voted in the Committee of Supply, be
raised on Exchequer Bills, was agreed to.—Report on Monday.
The House went into a Committee on the Coventry Magistracy
BilL

Mr. Massasoit and Mr. TUOJUITON were beard at the Bar, as
Counsel for the Petitioners against the Bill.
Mr. HEATHCOTE objected to the Bill, and hoped the House
would not sanction, by an arbitrary measure, the petulant charge of
a disappointed party.
Mr. H. GURNEY supported the Bill.
Mr.. TYLER was friendly to the popular proceedings of Eng-
lishmen at Eh-cams, and was therefore opposed to the Bill.
Sir C. WETHERELL stated at great lench the objections
which he entertained to the principle of the BilL
Mr. S. RICE supported the Bill, considering it to be called for
by the late events which took place at the Coventry Election.
Lord SANDON opposed the Bill, as did Mr. GOULBURN.
Mr. CAVE supported the Bill.
Sir J. WROTTES L EY spoke in favour of the Bilk
The House then divided, when these appeased—Ayes, SI, Noes
4.9.—The Chair then resumed, and the Report ordered to be re-
ceived
on Mooday.
Turners Divorce Bill was read a third time and passed.
Mr. PALLMER of (Surrey) gave notice of a Bill to regulate
Houses for Insane Persons. The Hon. Gentleman she gave notice
of a Mt to regulate retreated recognizance&
The other Orden of the Dar were the. tilapolotl of, sod the
i Mare adjeursed at Foos oTteoz.

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