Star.
London, England, 1811-10-03 00:00:00

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14. The law shall protect public and individual ti ' ' THE COMM.
berry against oppression and.tyranny. . - ---
1.5. Every-Citizen is to be regarded as innocent, PARIS, SEPTEMBER 21.
until he shall have been proved culpable. If it he- • ro TIIE ESITOR 04: 11111 MONITIIIa.
come necessary to secure his person, unnecessary ti- " Having been requested to rectify my Elements
goon for the purpose shall be repressed by law. of the Comet by actual observations, I have the ho.
16. Ni person shall be sentenced or punished with- nottr to communicate the result.
out a legal trial, in virtue of a law promulgated pre. " The Comet was neared the sun on the 12th cif
' viously to the offence. Any law which punishes September ; it was then still 39 millions of ldagues
crimes committed previous to its existence is tyran- distant from that body, and 54 millions of leagues
nical. A retroactive effect assumed by the law is a from the earth. From the above date its distance
crone. from the sun will increase, till about the middle of
17. The law ;hall not decree any punishment not October, when the least distance of the Comet from
absolutely necessary, and that shall be proportionate the eartlawal still he more than 41 millions ofleagues.
to the crime and useful to society. It is not probable that the brilliance Of the Comet will
18. Security consists in the protection afforded by go on increasing ; for it will lose somewhat mere of
society to each of its members, for the preservation its luminous aspect by its removal from the sun,
of his person, his riehts, and his property. than it will gain by its approx;rnation to the earth.-
19. Every individual possesses the right to acquire In general, the situntiorr of the orbit of this Comet is'
preperty, and to dispose of it at will, unless his will such, that it can never approach very near the earth.
be contrary to a previous compact, or to law. " The nucleus of this Comet :appears seriaratedirom
W. No kind of labour, art, industry, or commerce its coma, which surrounds it in the form of a parabolic
Ishall be prohibited to any citizen, save only such ring. This appearance, which has not yet been ob-
establishments as may be required for the subsistence served in other Comets, is ascertained by the observa. i
of the State. tions of all the astronomers of Paris, and will doubt-
-21. N:) one can. he deprived of the least portion of less be confirmed by those of other astronomers.—
his property without his consent, except when the Probably, however, it does not at all follow that the
public necessity requires it, and then under the con- body is absolutely detached from the coma, as the space"
dition of a just compensation. No contribution can which appears void may be fitted with particles much
be required and established, unless for the general 1 less luminous than the rest of the coma.
utility. Every Citizen entitled to suffrage, nas the " The following are the elements of the orbit cf
right, throng the medium of his Representatives, to , this comet :—Perihelion distance, 1,022,41. The in-
advise and consult on the establishment of contribu- ' scant of its passage by *perihelion, 4b.minutes past
tions, to watch over their application, and to require 1 nine in the evening of tie 12th of Septemb-er, 1811.
an account of the same from those he has elected as' Ascending node, 140 deg. 13 min. inclination 72
his Representatives. deg. 12 mm. place of the perihelion, 74 deg. 12 min.
22. The liberty of claiming one's rights in the pre- I am, Ecc. 46 BU ItCR II Alt DT, Member of die Institute."
settee of the depositaries of the public authority, in
no case can he withheld, nor confined to any parti-
cular citizen.
'2). There is individual oppression whey one mem-
ber of saciety is oppressed ; there is also the oppres.
sion of a member when the social body is oppressed.
In these cases the laws are violated, and the citizens
have a right to demand the observance of the laws.
21•. The house of every citizen is an inviolable asy-
lum. ' No one has a right to enter it sit:dimly, except
in cases of conflagration, deluge, or application, pro-
ceeding from the same house ; or for o6fecti of cri-
minal proceedings in the cases, and with the essen-
tials determined by law, and ender the responsibility
of the Constituted Authorities who have issued the
Decree. Domiciliary visits and civil executions shall,
take place only in open day, in virtue of the law,
and with respect to the person and object expressly
pointed out in the act authorizing such visitation and
execution.
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25. Every foreigner, of whatever nation he may
he, shall be received and admiztedinto the State of
Venezuela. .
26. The persons and properties of foceigners shall
enjoy the same security as the native citizens, provi-
ded always that they acknowledge the sovereignty
and independence, and respect the Catholic religion,
the only one in this country.
27. The foreigners who reside in the State of Ce-
raccase becoming naturalizes!, and holding property,
shall enjoy all the rights of Citizenship.
DUTIES oF MAN IN soeterv.
ART. 1. The rights of others, in relation to each
individual. have their limit in the moral principle
which determines their duties, the fulfilment where-
of is the pecessary effect of the respect due to the
rights of each of the individuals. Their basis is these
maxims;—" Render so others the good which you
would they. should render unto you."—" Do not
unto another thut which you do not wish to be donel
RACE TO MARGATE.—The match against time, for
unto you." 200 guineas, to drive a horse in a chaise, with tw a
2. The (lodes of every individual with respect to
heavy persons in it, to Margate., in twelve successive
society are :—To live in absolute submission to the
hours, was deci.'e lon Tuesday. At Canterbury
laws—To obey and respect the legal acts of the Con-
-1 the animal wets much distressed, and soon after gave
stituted Authorities—To maintain liberty and equa-
owner !
up the task, to the RO small discomfiture of ita humane
lily-To contribute to the public expenses—To serve
the country. iu all Its exigencies ; and, if it becomes Former) BANK Norm—That there is an immense'
necessary, to render to it the sacrifice of property and
number of forged Bank-notes in circulalien shouts!'
life.--In the exercise cf these virtues consists genuine b • be known to every one. particularly to tradesmen.
I
patriotiim. . live forged notes were taken at a sale which recently
S. Whoever openly does violence to the laws—
took place at St. Margaret's-hill ; and, in the hum
whoever endeavours to elude them declare' himself
, • of business, a very necessary caution was omitted—
an raemy to society. that of writing on the notes from whom they were
4. No one cen be a good Citizen, unless he be a
taken. The notes in question were of coarse paper,
good parent. a good son, a good brother, a good
and smaller than the genuine ones.
friend, and a good husband. WATERFORD, SEPT. 28.—1 n the gale at south.east,
5. No one can be a man of north, unless he be a
: on Tuesday evening, a boat ladea with lime-stone was
candid, faithful, and religious observer of the laws;
sunk in the Ross River, opposite the White Horse.—
the exercise of private and domestic virtues is the basis
The crew consisted of three men, two of whom were
of public virtue. unfortunately drowned ; and the other, though he
DUTIES Al THE SOCIAL BONY. •
din to the oars, and was driven near the county of
ART. 1. The duty of society with respect to its in-
Wexford side, would have shared the like fate, hut for
die idiot Members, is the social guarantee This con-
the daring exertions of the people on shore.—
sists in the obligation on the whole to secure to every
On Wednesday evening last, about half past eight
individual the enjoyment and preservation of hisrights,
o'clock, the brig Pleasant. John Gibson master, was
which is the foimdation of the national oesereignty.
wrecked at the islands of Keane ; but, we are happy
'4. The social guarantee cannot exist unless the law
to add, the crew of six persens were all saved:.
clearly determines the bounds of the powers vested in
CHESTER, Sara. 28.—0 n Friday evening, during a
the functionaries ; nor when the responsibility of the
1 storm of thunder and lightning, accompanied with ex-
functionaries has not been expressly determined
cessive rains, a melancholy, and in its parti .1 effects a
and defined. wonderful. catastrophe occurred. As Mr. Hoc.
S. Public succour is a sacred duty of society ; it
Huottes, farmer of Tyddyn.whiskyn, in Carmarthen-
nateoght to provide for the subsistence of the unfi'n-
shire, was returning from Caernarvon on horseback,
Gisizens, either by ensuring employment to those
with his daughter mounted behind him, holding him
who are capable of acquiring means of subsistence or!
round the waist, she and the house were struck dead
else by affordino the means of support to such as eau-
with with the lightning, while Mr. Hughes himself received
not acquire it by labour. , no injury, except a bruised knee from the fall of his
4. Instruction is necessary for all: Society ought
'horse.
to promote, with all the means in its power, the en-
Monday afternoon, six o'clock, as the carter of a
lightenment of the public mind, and place instruction
market cart, loaded with dung, was ring along
within the attainment of every individual.
Kingaland-road, riding upon the shafts, he was by a
This our solemn declaration is to be communicated
stiddan jolt flung off into the road.., The near wheel
to the Supreme Executive Power, in crder to be pro-
of the cart passed over him, by which one of his legs
claimed for the nformation of all by such means as
was fractured in a shocking manner. He was imme-
it may 'fudge moat expedient. diately conveyed to the hospital, where it. was thought
Given at the -Palace of the Government of Vene-
his leg must undergo amputation.
Isuela, on the Ist day of July, 1311.
• Tuesday morning; about six o'clock, as an elderly
(Sighed by the functionaries, as usual.)
woman was carrying a heavt load of vegetables, Sac.
,___--. upon her head, from Spitalfields-market, sh 6 slipped.
At the last Cardiff Sessions, Jeremiah Williams was off the kirb-stones in Pettyeoat-lane, when the load
sentenced to two months imprisonment, for assault. fell upon her, by-which she was so much hurt as to be
ing Lieutenant Notter, of the impress service. The taken to the hospital, without hopes of recovery. .
Lieutenant, seeing him dressed in A jacket and crow- On Wednesday se'nnight, and on Saturday night
secs, asked him, very civilly, what ship he belonged last, two shots were fired by some assassin or assassins,
to ? when he replied, what is that to yon—you ate aat John Martin, Robert. M'Kcon, George Spading,
d—d scoundrel; and immediately struck the-Lieu. and James Jordan, four privates in the North Mayo
tenant a violent blow on the breast.---Tlre proacu- Militia, while' standing .sentiuele en the county jail ol
tics Ina instituted it the desire of the Adagraltr. Waterford. .. .
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SI,AYES.

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We lament to see that the spirit of persecution is
not confined to the Island t f Jamaica.
We copy from the Esseqnebo and Demerara Royal
Gazette, the following Proclamation by his Excellency
H. W. BENTINCIC, Governor, and the Honourable the
Court of Policy of the Said Colonies :
" Unto whom these Presents shall come, greetlng,be It known:
" Whereas representations have been made to us, that nume-
rous wettings of Slaves are permitted to take place on the east
coast of this Colony, at late hours in the evening; which, although
they ire avowedly for relents purposes, yet being at unseason-
able and improper hours have been found productive of divot.
der, and if continued to he allowed, nay have the most danger-
ous tendency We have therefore thought fit to enact, as it Is
hereby enacted, that from the date. of the publication of these
Presents, no meeting or coltvocation of Slaves shall he lawful,
or permitted to take place after the hour of sunset, for any pur-
pose whatever, except only for the usual purposes of the Estate'
or Plantation to which rich Slaves shall belting. And we do
hereby in thostrictest manner forbid any Proprietor, Attpiney,
or Marlager of Estates, to permit such meeting, under pain of
the several penalties of the it gr, directing the Burgher f'fficers
of the different districts to nse their aothority to•prevent the
same; authorizing them, In case of rt sistance, to commit the
person or persons so resisting or refuting to comply,•stricly con-
forming themselves to the inqtruetions given them in the iith
Article of al-, Militia Regular:Tu.
" Given at the Court-House, in Stahl-Mc, the :Id stay of May,
1111; and published the 2.lth of the sam mmonth."e h."
" W. H. BENTMCK..."
The art of the above T.'roclamation will not br seed
through at first sight—the idea of nocturnal meetings
being always pregnant with alarm ; but it ought to
be remembered ti•.at the poor Slave is kept through
the whole day to bare labour ; and it is only at right
that he can devote an hour to religious instruction or
to holy worship. By this Proclamation then he is
to be totally debarred of. all opening to the light of
the Gospel, and of all means of earthly preparation
for hereafter.