Star.
London, England, 1829-10-21 00:00:00

THE JEWS.

The Jew nation dispersed in almost every part of I
the globe, without forming anywhere an independent people,
amounted in number, in 1825, to about 5.165,800 individuals, net
comprising 15,000 Samaritans and 500 Ishmaelites, which would
make a total of 3,181,300 persons. The following representation
of their dispersion over the globe, and of their numbers in different
countries, may be regarded u correct
Ruaorz.—ln Russia and Poland, 658.908; Austria, 435,543;
European Turkey, 321,000; German States, 138,000; Prussia,
134,000 ; Low Countries, 80,000; France, 60,000; Italy, 36,000 ;
Great Britain, 12,000 ; Cracow, 7,800; lonian Islands, 7,000 ;
linmark, 6,000; Switzerland, 1,970; Sweden, 450. Total
lumber of Jews in Europe, 1,916,175,—which makes the 110th
part of the whole population of Europe, estimated at 212 ndllions,
in the year 1825.
A. 414 —A.iatic Turkey, aocropoo; Arabistan, 200,000 ;
In-
Jostar, 100,000; China, 60.000; Turchestan, 40,000; Province
~t Iran, 3.1.0(Y) ; Asiatic Russia, 5,000. Total, 738,000.
AFRICA —Morocco and Fez, 3130,000 ; Tunis, 130,000 ; Al.
)",-r‘. 30,600; Gabes (Habeseb), S 0,000; Tripoli, 12,000; Egypt,
12.000. Total number of Jews in Africa, 504,000.
A MERICA.—North America, 5,000; Dutch Colonies, 500; De-
merara and Essequibo, 200. Total, 5,700.
Naw HortAxo.—At Sidney and Hobartstown are about 50 in•
thviduals.

Total.—ln Europe, 1,916 175 ; Asia, 758,009; Africa, 504,000 ;
America, 5,700; New Holland, 50 ; Samaritans, 15,000 ; Ishnta-
elites 500. Total, 5,179,4113.—Ce5tri Annuli.

MR. GURNEY, THE INVENTOR OF THE
STEAM-CARRIAGE.

Mr. Gurney is of 1. very old and respectable Cornish
family. After receiving a liberal education at Truro grammar-
school he was placed with a surgeon at Wadebridge, in the same
county, where be early showed evidences of great inechanic.ii ta-
lent, having invented several ingenious contrivances connected with
the practice of his profession. During his school days he more
than once spent the vacation with Mr. Andrew Vivian, of Truro,
one of the earliest improvers of locomotive steam-machinery, and
who at that very time (more than twenty years ago) was experi-
menting upon a steam carriage to move on rail-roads, which, in
connexion with Mr. Trevithick, be soon afterwards brought to
nearly the same state of perfection which the present carriages of
that class have attained. The chief evidence of Mr. Gurney's ex-
traordinary mechanical ability during hie youth was the construc-
tion of a Large finger organ, the whole of which he manufactured
and put together with his own hands, and afterwards connected it
with a piano-forte, in a most ingenious and entirely novel manner.
The circumstance of his finding that these two instruments either
agreed together in tone, or disagreed, according to the temperature
of the atmosphere at the time of playing them, was the first cause
of Mr. Gurney's directing his attention, in a decided manner, to
cite study of natural philosophy in general. and of chymistry in par-
ticular, and which consequently gave the first impulse to that de-
voted attention tn, and love for, the latter, which has been the
leading feature of his character, and the main cause of his present
success.

Shortly after his arrival in London, Mr. Gurney became ac-
quainted with a gentleman who was connected with the Surrey
Institution, and who, after having had repeated occasions of ob-
serving the qualities of Mr. Gurney's mind, strenuously advised
his becoming a candidate for the office of chymical lecturer to that
establishment. This advice Mr. Gurney almost immediately fol-
hwed, and he delivered a probationary lecture at that institution,
which was received with remarkable demonstrations of applause,
item the novelty and aptness of the various illustrations which were
introduced ; and which lecture occasioned the engagement of Mr.
Gurney to deliver a course of lectures on chymical science. These
lectures were delivered during the ensuing season, and excited a
more marked attention than any similar lectures had since the
establishment of the institution ; indeed, they so entirely surpassed
the expectations of the committee of managers that an additional
,um was voted to Mr. Gurney over and above that which hadbeen
agreed to be paid for them. It washy this course of lectures that Mr.
Gurney made himself not a few enemies in the pbilsophical world,
by pointing out the defects which have since been proved, in the
(so called) " safety lamp" of the late Sir Humphrey Davy. In the
course of these lectures; too, he first exhibited his oxyhrirogen
!low.pipe, an invention of great merit and utility, since it divested
A' all danger, and at the same time added to the powers of that,
till then must hazardous instrument, the blow-pipe of Dr. Clarke.
This blowpipe is now in general use in all chymical laboratories.
The same remarkable course of lectures first introduced to the
woild several other minor instruments, connected with the prose-
cutions of scientific inquiry. About this time, too, Mr. Gurney
constructed a new and most extraordinary musical instrument,
composed chiefly of glass—led to do so by some observations
which be had made during his experiments and preparations for the
above-named coarse of public instruction. This instrument, which
was of the exact form and appearance of a grand upright piano,
and played in the same manner, produced the most singular effects
on the hearer—uniting all the softness and sweetness of the musical
glasses with the full and grand tone of the organ. It was com-
pleted and placed in the Colosseum, with a view of being heard
there, as part of the various attractions of that establishment ; but
oa the flight of Rowland Stephenson, and the embarrassments of
tLe concern, it was removed, Mr. Gamey not having parted with
atiy vortion of his property in it. The sound of this instrument
was so affecting that persons of a nervous habit could not bear to
bear it touched. It was played, as we have said, in the ordinary
way of a piano, by finger keys, but these acted so as to cause the
passage of silk ribbons over spherical glasses. Immediately after,
aid indeed during, the construction of this extraordinary init.:e-
metic, Mr. Gurney had given much of his attention to steam ma-
chinery, with a view to the construction of a locomotive power for
carriages on common roads ; and during the last four or five years
bi. whole time and thoughts have been devoted exclusively to this
one great pursuit—with what ultimate success his late public ex-
periments have shown. Indeed his entire and unceasing attention
to his present pursuit, in the face of such obstacles, difficulties, and
ditcouragentents as perhaps never before presented themselves to
any one in the prosecution of such an undertaking, have been as
remarkable as they are creditable to his character for perseverance
and industry. During one period of the late experiments Mr.
Gurney resided within the walb of the factory for six months,
eight and day—never quitting them for a moment, nor writing a
letter, or even seeing a friend, but giving his whole time and soul
t o his great work: and this, too, at a period when his effot is were
the subject of at best but an empty unbelieving wonder—and, in
many cases, of ridicule and laughter—as chimerical and useless, as
far as any practical result was concerned. In fact, so far front un-
steadiness and want of perseverance being imputable to Mr. Gurney,
these are precisely the qualities to which he owes his present un-
looked-for and unhoped success—(unlooked-for and unhoped ex-
cept by himself)—and to which he will assuredly owe his future
fame and fortune.

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