Star.
London, England, 1817-07-24 00:00:00

A NEW JUSTICE OF THE MAUL

This tlayWLpubli..lTeil, Vole. ere. with, ats
Ap:,euths, price £2. 9.. boards,
APRACTICAL EXPOSITION of the LAW
rihittng to the Office and Duties of a JUSTICE of the
Prate, continued to the end of Trinity Term 53 Cleo. ill. with
an Appendiz, crestaining the Statutes and Cull to the and of the
year 11113.—8 y WILLIAM DICKINSON, Esq. Barrister at
Law, and one of the Magistrates of the Police 011 ts, Worship.
street. -

es° A Work upon the Duties of a Justice of the Peace, com-
pressed into a reasonable compass by an experienced Magistrate,
•divelted of all unnecessary matter, so as to slaw to Gendeesen in
the Commission of the Peace bow to act at the monsent,bas Mpg
been a desidery um, at .d the necessity of a work like the present
has beeuielthy the Editor during an actual practice of 30 years.
In two of tbensow populous ‘ounties of England; and it.hsde
without wishing to detract from the merit of any other wwee of
the same nature, that this will be found fully to answer what has
been so anxiously attempted, viz• to instruct young Magistrates,
particelany, In their duty, and facilitate to the more experienced
the nailing of any information they may require, by having every
ding relating to the ogee brought a: once under their view.
1 hr Index has also been formed in such a manner as to avoid
prolixity. and yet bas been made sufficiently full to answer all the
purposes of an easy referent*.
Printed for C. Hamer, Law Bookseller, a 6, Beltiard, Un.
coin's

QUARTER SESSIONS.
This day was published,
ley CaXat.ss HUNTER, Law Bookseller, Bellyard, Lincoln's..
lon, price 12$. 6d. boards,
jiPRACTICAL GUIDE to the QUARTER
and other SESSIONS of the PEACE; adapted to the rose
of Young Magistrates and Gentlemen of the Legal Prehalm,
at the commencement of their Public Duties.
By WILLIAM DICKINSON, Esq. Barrleter•at-Law
And one of the Magistrates of the Police ONee, Worsitip.ageet y
Author of " A Practical Exposition of the Oflce and Duda
of a Justice of the Peace."
Contents I—Chap. I. The Sessions of the Peace—Heroin of the
different descriptions of Session—their constkudoo and cond.
Nuance—the manner of convening them—the time and place of
holding them—Form of :be Precept to the Sheriff—of the She.
siff's Warrant to the Bailiffs—Style of the Sessions, Ste. Chap. U.
The Duty and Attendance upon the Sessioes—Herein of tbeCustos
Rotuloruns, Justices, She riff,Clerk of the Peace, Coroner, Gaolers,
Constables, Jurors, Suitors, Pleaders, &c. with their, and every
of their duties, oaths, fees, pprivileges, indemnities, ar.c. Chap. 11L
The Proceedings at the Herein of the matters over
which the Courts of Session have a legal or customary periodic.
lion, and the order of proceeding therein respectively ; the duties
of the Chairman, and other parties • an Abstract of the Laws,
and an Epitome of the Subjects which are usually controverted or
dieussed before them. Chap. IV. The Termination of the Ses-
sions—Herein of the duration of its authority, and its termina-
tion ; with some observations on natters connected with, se
arbing out of its duties, not only while the Court is gulag, but
subsequent to its adjournment or expiration..
N.B. A Catalogue of Law Books gratis.

CATON'S WORKS.
Ws day was published, a New Edition, price Ss. Elustrated
with Cues,
1. APRACTICAL TREATISE on the pRE.
VENTION and CURE \of the VENEREAL DISEASE
in both Sexes, and hs consequences; in which a mild and success•
fal mode of treatment is pointed out, including Observations on
trictures,Cutaneous &update, imaginary Venereal Diseases Stc.
intended as a Guide against the dangerous affect, of this biliefel
• :alady.—By I'. M. CATON, Surgeon. No. 10, Stanieepe-street,
Newcastle-street, Strand; and lama the United Hospitals of 3t.
Thomas's and Guy's.
v. A Treatise on Indigestion, bang an Inquiry into the Diseases
arising and connected with the Functions of the Stomach, with
Remarks on the Liver, and its influence on the Gastric System.
Te which are prefixed, some general Observations on Serophelous
. and Cutaneous Diseases. price Its.
3. A Popular i realise on the Prevention and Cure of the dif-
ferent Stages of the Asthma and Winter Cough, with new tied
successful Instructions for du:Prevention and Treatment of Asa.
mane Fits. Fourth Edition, price 3s.
4. Practical Observauons on the Debilities, natural and SW
quired, of the Generative Organs of both Sexes, inciediag the
Theory of Generation, &c. Price as.
5. A Practical Treatise on Female Diseabes, including Obser-
vations on Parturitkm, Lactation, and the Disorders incident to
those important cases. Price 3s. ed.
Printed for Sherwood and Co. paternoster-row . 1

THE Public at large are most respectfully Cali.
11011ZO whist wakes essiluddis. of Mow
doss inpe4ms Injurious to the Mr. The sod Os.
mote MACASSAR OIL is ROWLANDS', svOlsh is man-
ioc:Wad se die hods of wadi for nomads, and besstlfyhig the
hums Heir. sad presents its being injured by fevers, seeroneite-
aseets, violent exordia; traysibag is various dims**, kr. Fact
gamine Bottle et the Oil h signed on the outside kW in red
" A ROWS...LOD sod Soo; with a lkde Toads. enclosed,
and the pries k dd. as. Id. lOs. Id. sod cos guinea per bottle.
Also sods gloss bottle if dos Miro* snide is signed on the
suable label the same s
ROWLAND'S MIMIC! OF TYRE, . .

Which nevem falls to prods* breediately & perfect cheap In
RED or GREY HAIR, WIIIMILERS. EYEBROWS, &c. to a
beautiful glossy sad ponmeennt BROWN or BLACK, Witting
the azact oaten* colour. WW eking Noakes this Dye more durable.
Ladles or Gentlemen way dye diek hair with ease and secrecy s
price es. 7s. di end 10s. el.
Sold whaling's, retail, and for exportation, by the sole Pro-
prietors, A. Roidesd and See, corner of Kirby-street, the fint
turning on the dgeet,Hettswigartlen, Holborn, London I and,
by appointment, Misses. Hendries, Tkchltorne-etreet ; Berry,
17, Memos, 15, Soho; Sayth and C 0.517, Gettig
and Pine, 57, New liondwrest ; Newberry Bed Sons, 4S, St.
Pawn Chsweblard sad by all Performers and Medicine VI Wen
is Town and Country.
i Abe inny be bed, a pleasing and entertaining Easy • t the
0161111111144111111011 at es Brien Hair, worthy the notice i Pa.
r rows, Psigikesse ti Medi% Om Price Ils.

RBPOICrifthesCOMMIITEE to STBAM-BMTS.

(Contthusd from die STAR of Tuesday.)
Mr. Philift Taylor callad in and examined.

Win you be so good as to state what is your occu-
pation ?—A manufacturing chymist.
rites. do you residat—At Bromley, in Mid-
dlesex.

You are conversant with the nature of Steam En-
gines?—My attention has been directed to the use of
steam from a desire to apply it in my own business,
not as a moving power, but for the purpose of coin•
municating beat to different fldids, for which purpose
I have reqiiired high pressure steam. I have a pa-
tent for a mode of applying high pressure steam to
vessels of the largest capacity; and u in this case all
danger depends on the construction of the botler, I
should _wish to say a liule on those boilers which I
have found to be the most trust worthy. I come
quite unprejudiced as to any material, and as to any
form, for if I could meet with a boiler which would
answer the purpose I have ia view better than that
now used by me, I would adept it; therefore I shall
give the Committee only such facts u have come
within my own immediate knowledge. I have no
wish to recommend any particular construction.
Will you be so good as to state from your know-
ledge, what species of boiler for a high pressure en-,
gine you would recommend in regard to safety t—l
consider the first and most material point to attend to
fn the construction of high pressure boilers is, that the
diameter of such boilers should be small-in proportion ,
to their capacity ; and that as small a proportion of
the external surface of the boiler as possible, should
be exposed to the destructive action of the fire ; and
that the proportion of the boiler so exposed should be
so situated and guarded, that in case of explosion the
least palatable mischief would arise. lulliose boilers

which I have made me of, no portion of the boiler is
exposed to the action of the Bre without its being con-
stantly covered with water; and the fire is applied
under an arch of not more than two feet and a half
in diameter k this provides against any extensive rent
taking place in the event of explosion. The boilers I
have generally employed, are constructed of malle-
ableiron, **moldy known by the name of charcoal
, iron, rivetted.together and secored by suong wrought
iron belts.. From observing the danger arising from
the introdtlition of flat cast iron ends, I have termi-
nated the ends of the boilers by wrought iron ones,
nearlrhemispherical ; this mode of construction, as
far as my experience goes, combines more strength
and durability than .any other. The precautions I
have made use of to guard against the misuse of such
boilers, have been by adapting to them two safety
valves ; one under the controul of the engine man, the
other secured in a strong cast iron ease, locked down
and loaded with such a weight as would suffer the stea m
to escape when it had arrived at an improper degree of
expansive force. In order to add to the security given
by safety valves, I have likewise in every instance
11 attached to the boiler a mercurial column, the bore of
which is proportioned to the size of the boiler; and 1
should consider an iron tube of an inch diameter suf-
ficient to guard against accident, when applied to a
boiler four feet in diameter and 20 feet in length, be.
cause the limit given by such a column has always
been far within the limit of absolute safety. The
length of the external limb of the mercurial gauge has
in all cases been proportioned to the strength of the
boiler and the force to he applied, taking care that the
'expansive force of the steam would displace the mer-
corylong before any dangerous expansive force would
I arise. In order to guard against the boilers being in.
j tired by the action of the fire, from a deficient quantity
of water in the boiler, I have inserted a leaden rivet in
such a situation that it would melt as soon as it was
covered by the water, and produce an opening which
wt %Id suffer the escape of the steam. Although I
has, made use of boilers of this construction, I con-
sider cast iron boilers sate, .provided their various
parts are made of small diameters in proportion to
their capacity; such for instance as those construc-
ted by Mr. Woolf.
From your knowledge of the subject, do you
think you can take,upon yourself to say, that a high
pressure engine with a boiler constructed on the
principles you have just now detailed, would be com-
pletely sate for the use of passage boats ?—I think
equally safe with those called condensing engines,
because a greater attention to strength is always
paid in the construction of :sigh pressure boilers than
in the construction of low pressure boilers, in propor-
tion to the pressure they have to sustiin.
Have not very great improvements been recently
Made in high pressure engines, by which the general
mining and manufacturing interests of the country
have been greatly benefited I think very im-
portant ones ; the high pressure engine, as con-
stricted by Mr. Woolf, employs nut only the ex-
pansive force of the steam, but also that power
which is acquired by its condensation, and the effect
in Cornwall has been, that engines on this construc-
tion have done double the quantity of work with the',
same quantity of fuel.
Dees your own experience lead I you to conclude
that the high pressure engine, in general, is less ex- I
pensive in point of consumption of fuel ?—lf well
constructed, they are decidedly economical engines
with regard to the consumption of fuel.
You mean then by this, that the advantage of the
high pressure in point of economy in id.) is not con-1
fined to engines of any one particular construction
Certainly; I mean it is net so confined.
Have you any connection whatever with Mr.
Woolf ?—None whatever; I am not personally known
to him.

Have you any reasm to suppose that the high
pressure steam Engines' are already arrived at the
degree of perfection of which they are susceptible ?
Certainly not; Mr. Woolf s engine has been much
simplified since its first invention, and my opinion is,
it will be still farther improved.
You would then consker any measure which should
tend to impede the use of high pressure engines to be
injurious to the country ?—Certainly, I should.
Mr. War" Ghee/was was again called in at his own
request, aul stated, that when he was asked as to lo-
comotive engines, he omitted to say that the diameter
of their boiler was in general four feet, more or leas;
that many of them are formed of cast iron, and seve-
ral of malleable iron, and that the ends of several of
these latter are of cast iron curved outwards ; that in
no one of them does the fire act upon the external part
of the boiler, but is placed in a malleable iron tube
which passes through the boner; a cast iron boiler,
however, being found' far too heavy, the new loco-
motive engines are always supplied with malleable
iron boilers.

Al... Henry Mandedeyeafied in and retrained.
What is your profession am an engineer. re-
siding at Lambeth.
You comitruct Steam Enqiures t---Yes, a great many.
Are you at all acquainted with the circumstances
attending the explosion of the Steam Engine at Nor-
wich ?—Yes, I am.
Have you been there since this accident ?—N.).
Did you know the Steam Boats there before the acci-
dent t—Yes, because I made a steam boat fur Yar-
mouth.

Wale the Steam Boat you made a high pressure or
a low pressure eogine f—A low pressure engine.
Will you be so good as to tell to the Committee,
what it your opinion with regard to the proper con-
struction of those engines, to secure the passengers on
bond those boats I—l never considered high pressure
engines were applicable to boats, because the purpose
of a high pressure engine is to save water, and
water cannot be wanted on board a vessel ; the
differance between the one and the other makes no
saving either in the weight or expense, taking it ulti-
linately. particularly when Steam Boats are properly
contrived. As far as my opinion goes as to Steam.

Engines and Steam Boats, I would not go from here
to Margate in a high pressure boat, because there are
many reasons why that may become much more dan-
gerous, and no more advantageous to the public ge.
nerally er to the individuals. A low pressure engine
is of very high power ; a high pressure engine has
' higher power in proportion to its height of steam It
is pretty well understood that a gentleman who en-
gages in a Steam Boat Companyseldom attends to :he
engine himself, but leave it to his men. I built the
Regent Steam Boat last summer with a low pressure
; there was a dispute between two men, and ore
of them swore lie would blow his boiler on, but he
would beat the Regent in coming up. The man cer-
tainly did exert llitiisdrdS much as he cnui,i, and kept
his steam as high as he mild get it, and it flew out
of the safety valve very frequently, and he hurt his
boiler materially from doing so, but he did not !,;at
tte Regent ; but if it had been a high pressure engine,
he would either have beat her or blown up his boiler,
because lie had the power in his own hind.
Had it been a high pressure en ice. or.d the boiho.
properly constructed, with suficiel:: safety valvn
adapted to it, the operation of sod.'-11 the non could
not impede, would it have be'n liabic to accident ?
I feel some difficulty in answering such a question as
that, because I am afraid tharthere are so many tech-
nical terms in engine-making, and reasons why safety
valves should be attended to, that I doubt whether
they would not go to more evil by the man nut having
access to them than by their being open to him.
If there was one safety valve which was not accessi-
ble to the engineer, and another which was, would not
that danger be prevented ?—I would beg to explain,
by saying, that on board the Regent, which has a large
boiler, I found it necessary to have two safety valves.
and sometimes I put three safety valves; to make it
quite easy for the man to move the valve. I have a sort
of bell-lull going down to the place where he stokes,
to poll it up every hour it he pleases, to keep it io ac-
tion, became it is clear thespindle may corrode and stick
fast for want of use. Supposing it not touched once a
week, it is not a safety valve any longer, because a
very little friction will add a great many pounds weight
to the opposition the steam ought to meet with.
According to your experience and knowledge,woeld
a low pressure engine be safe in most cases that can
occur ?—I never knew a low pressure engine unsafe,
but it appears that high pressure engines have been.
Would a high pressure engine, under the same cir-
cumstances, be equally safe ?—Certain:y not.
Do you conceive there is any difficulty in construct-
ing a safety valve in such a manner as that the engi.
neer shall be able to k.:ep it in constant fitness ler as
action, without having a power to tasten it down a,ol
prevent it from acting ? I conceive that the same
motile which would induce the engineer to work it
' with an improper pressure. would induce him to leave
it untouched, that it might have an improper pres-
sure. I beg to state, that there is not that ditfeience
between a high pressure and a low pressute engine,
as to its power, that is generally supposed ; because
it is understood, that the steam in the boiler is kept at
from four to six pounds upon the inch. but front two
and a half to tour is quite abundant for any use a low
pressure engine can be wanted tor; then, it an engine
is in any thing like working order, there is a vacuum
formed by the engine itselt, by the construction, that
causes an addition of 'Cabs. the inch. On the lowest
calculition, those two added together, make !albs. ;
if you take high pressure steam at 40Ibs. the inch,
you do not, in my opinion, get additional force in
proportion to the ri k incurred ; because we well
know, that if the boiler be of cast•iion, faults will on.
avoidably arise in casting which you cannot see,
which cause explot lons or breaking:, and which could
not be calculated upon.
Is there any thing which prevents the engineer
from fastening down or overweighting the valves of
a common condensing engine ?—lt would be folly tor
him to do so.

Is there any thing which prevents him ?--Ccr-
tainly nut.

Supposing the valves to be so fasten-d down,
does not the engine immediately become unsafe ?
Yes, certainly it must ; but it would be folly to Cas-
ten it down, because, if the engineer be at all ac-
quainted with his business, he must know, that if the
steam be raised beyond live or six pciunch per inch in
a condensing engine, the power of the engine will not
thereby be at all increasea ; the condensing property
of the engine does not consist in a higher pre►sure of
steam.

What is your opinion as to the comparative safety
of cast and wrought metal used in boilers ?—I cons::
der that wrought mon is extremely sate, compared to
cast iron.

Then, at all events, it is your opinion, that in
Steam Boats of wrought metal should be used
in preference to ca'.l? —Nu ..uubt about it.
D 3 you think there is ally material difference Ise-
tWeen the use of copper and wrou;:ht iron ?—No, ex.
ceptiog in Ilse greater degrte of corrosion to vr!rich
iron is liable.

Are ;cm aware of there being any considerable dif-
ference in the comumption of coals, necessary to pro-
duce any given power an condensing and high pres-
sure engines ?--I consider that the one will work r%
as little coal as the other; in all high pressure engi,l,:s
and colitiens•ng engines I have heard of, I find little
or no difference, and those who have them tell rne
they burn as much coal in the iiiqh pressure
as in the law pressure engine. 1 have understood fiat
Woolf's engine does save coal.
Do you know that to be thT fact ?—i do not, be-
cause I never attended any explrinwits ; !sat i have
heard it from.so many people :ha I cannot but be-
lieve the fact is, they save coal=.
If a high pressure Steam Engine had a wrought
metal boiler, either of iron or c•Tper, conitr octet* by
s competent engineer, with safe:y valves to proper
order, and a mercurial gauge, shote.J you then thohk
yourself in any danger on a Stesrr Boat propsli
such an engine ?—Certainly not, if a conwer
sea had ti.c superintendence of it.

elic4l by
lent pg.

THE EVENING STAR.

LONDON.

THURSDAY, JUL/ 24, 1817.
PIUCE OF STOCKS THIS DAY AT TWELVE O'CLOCK s
Reduced 811*—Consols Bin—Consols for August Blf
4 per Cent. 971 98-5 per Cent. Navy, 1041 105
Bank Long Annuities sift —lndia Bonds 109 119 pr.
Exchequer Bills Ws. 345. pr.

We have this day laid before our Readers the
&seclusion of the trial of Mgrialgt, at Edinburgh—
a trial which will long be remembered both by those
who promoted it and by the country at large. We
know not how such things as transpired on the trial
may be viewed by the people among whom they
were transacted ; but here they meet with the same
reprobation of all honest men that attaches to the
vocations from a Castle, an Oliver, and such gentry.
Shame on the agents who could have recourse to
promises, to threats, to falsehoods ! to induce a per-
son to agree to give evidence—we will not say con-
trary to truth, but wider an impression that the parties
to be tried had betrayed the witness I and that the wit-
ness would be sure to be hanged should he withhold his
esidence, as six men would upon oath convict
h;nueY of the crime charged agaitut the prisoner !
Was a feeling of revenge, all that was attempted to
be excited ? No, there also was held out the hope of
a provision for life, by a place ie the Excise !—And
this to be obtained by an application to Lord SID.
MOUTH. This, however, we must hold to be an ab-
solute calumny of the Agent. Lord &MOUTH comply
with such a request—preferred for such an object !
This we hold to be impossible. But that the promise
was held out to Campbell we hold to be more than
proved by the circumstance of none of the parties,
who he stated had been present, having been called
upon to contradict him l But for SirWswau RAE,
the Sheriff, it appears that the iniquitous compact,
that the witness should be furnished with a passport
to quit the kingdom, would actually have been
signed ! I—We forbear to comment on this pies; but
the Public will not soon forget the importance that
was attached to the Scotch Conspiracy, and the use
made of it, to induce Parliament to suspend the
Hab •as Corpus Act.

The result of this trial establishes the truth of a
remark, made by the LORD Juoricz CLARK in his ad-
. dress to the prisoner, that " the laws afford 'protec-
tion to the subjects." But fur this protection—and
but for the liberal and unhired zeal of the Bar, how
could men for whom nets were spread with so much
industry, have escaped being mared ad taint ? We
agree heartily in the opinion expressed by Mr. JEF.
rear, that the conduct of the Court has never been
directed to the maintenance of the Constitution and
the liberty of the subject, with more propriety than
on the present occasion.

It appears pretty evident, however, that the pri.
Boners had been engaged in some foolish if not hurtful
speculations, to which they were perhaps urged farther
than they might otherwise have thought of,- by some
undiscovered Ofiverian ; and also that a Neurrar's-
dayfiddle—a practice not uncommon in Caledonia—
had led to one of their principal exhibitions of folly.

One was tipsy, another had had spirits, and another
had drank tamethia: s in plain English they were all
kind. Let them learn to cultivate in future proper
habits of industry, and they will be less in danger of
• any machinations succeeding in creating evidence for
their condemnation.

The Paris Papers of Monday arrived this morning,
but are quite destitute of intelligence.
A Baltimore paper of the 22,1 ult. presents the fol-
lowing paragraph:—" BALTIMORE. JUNE 21.—Ar-
rived yesterday the Spartan, SMtm, 16 days from
Margarita. Captain S. says, that shortly before sail-
lig, accounts were received of the Insurgents having
retaken Barcelona, and being in possession of La-
gain and Caracas. All the Inburgent fleet had left
Margarita for the Oroonoko, whete Bouvan was
concentrating bis forces. The Insurgents had little
doubt of driving the Royalists before thern."—We
doubt, however, the accuracy of this statement, as
we have before had accounts' from the Caracas and
Leguyra to the 7th and lith of June, and frost St.
Thomas of the kith, which were silent respecting
this event. They could hardly have failed to men-
tion the fact had it occurred.

New LoTrzer.—Mr. CARROLL was this day pre.
ferred to the Contract for the New Lottery, (to con-
sea of 20,000 Tickers) the bidding% being as follow :
MT. CARROLL .613 16 9
11aM
Wass ...... 13 14 9
SusweLL
tisintwatouT
On-Tuesday a Cabinet Council was held at the
- Foreign Office, in Downing street, which sat till near
four o'clock. Yesterday another Cabinet Council
was held at the same place, at two o'clock, which sat
till past four o'clock. It was-attended by the Loan
CHANCELLOR, Earl HARROWBV, Ertl of WESTMORZ-
LAND.' the Earl of LIVLIMOLs the CHANCZLLOR of
Excisectuza, Viscount Miu.viLLe, Earl Mur,
ORAVgI Viscount SIDNOUTH, Viscount CASTLIARAGU,
Earl BATriunsit, and Mr. CANNING. Both the Cabi-
nets were summoned by Viscount CAsusaaeoH.
WINDSOR, Jul:: O.—The Queer: and Paurcasus
arrived last night, about ten o'clock, at the Castle,
from Bagshot Park, lifter being present at the cele-
bration of the wedding apmiversary of the Duke and
Duchess of Gioucrsrea. The , Duchess of Yoßx
left Bagshot, for the Castle, about the same time as
bet MAJnry. The PAINCS &Gila and the Duke
aE Yoax left for Loodoe.