Star.
London, England, 1817-08-22 00:00:00

posed to him; nay more, while this arrangement of
Society shall continue, the best parts, the only va-
luable parts of Christianity, can never be brought
into action; you may as well attempt to unite oil
and water; individualised man, and all that is truly
valeit'ile in Christianity, are so separated as to be
utterly incapable of union through all eternity. Those
who art interested for the univet sal adoption of Chris-
tianity, let them endeavour to understand this, and
discover that ...Inch for nearly two thousand years
has rendered it impossible to unite their theory with
the pr 4ettce t the world.
Thirdly, I admit that to purchase a cottage, and
let it to a labourer. with land sufficient to support
an industrious family, wnula do much to relieve and
improve society ; but when all the details of such ar-
rangements shall be known, it will be found very dif-
Ezidi executi 111 l very expensive, and very defec.
tin in all the results which are now required to re-
moralize and improve the working classes; as we
advance in this interesting enquiry, it will be disco-
vered that a limited knowledge only of our physical
and intellectual powers, could induce any parties to
recommend this mode in preference to united labour,
expenditure, and instruction, in conformity to a prac-
tLal plait suggested I2q years ago by John Bellers,
in complete unison with the soundest principles of
political economy. Let us now contrast this plan,
only somewhat enlarged, with the separate indivi-
dualized cottage system, which is beyond all compa.
ristm the b st that the existing arrangements of so-
ciety mai offers.
In the first place, under the Cottage system, there
miust be a separate dwelling, and all the usual sp.
pendages for each family, which will be at first
strati, name expensive, and far more incomplete
than the arrangement proposed in the plans lately
submitted to the public ; and all the domestic labour
to produce usual comfort, would be double at. least.
In the second place, one half mote land would be
required to feed the parties on the Cottage system,
than on the new plan; and of course one half mote
labour would be necessary in cultivation. In the
third place, the Cottage system would not admit,
without great exyense and inconvenience, of an cf.
fictive system to well train and instruct the children
of such parents whom we ouw find profoundly ignoe
rant under that system.
Under the new, the best possible arrangements
are maJe not only to prevent the acquirement of bad
habits, but to give them good ones, and the soundest
and hest instruction ; and all this will be given
snore under the eye of their parents, than many way
this important object can be now attained ; .except
undet constant family tuition, and this in many re•
pects will be found greatly interior to it.
Fourthly—ln 'lie fourth place, the Cottage sys.
tern offers no obvious ad•antageous mode to employ

their enildren, M./ as to render them afterwards
either so valuable to themselves, to their neighbours,
or to their country, as the plan proposed. Under the
cottage system they become stupid, ignorant, and
brutally selfish. In the plan now advocated, they
will be made lively, intelligent, and rationally sel-
fisli—tliat is, truly disinterested and benevolent.
Under the cottage system the parents are subjected
to all the restraints to which ignorance and brutal
selfishness must ever be liable; unsles.the Whet now
proposed, such injurious restraints may be gradually
withdrawn, and in the second generation, punish.
meta fit every kind *ill not only be unnecessary, but
the 1e;ib..17 why punishment is pernicious will be evi•
dent to all. Under this system, kindness, properly
directed, will easily and shortly accompli.h that
which punishment, if permitted to try its power,
could sot effect through all the ages of time. For
punishment is the instrument of ignorance and bar-
barism only.
While the working classes shall remain inilividua-11
reed, the World will be liable to famine from mita-
vourable seusons. It never can be the interest of the
growers of hood, on this system, to raise more than
sufficient for the consumption of the year in an ave-
rage season = and the cottage system will be subject
also to this evil. The new arram;enlents will readily
admit of granaries, and to have .-.iways on hand at
Ilan twelve months stock for each village, in readi-
ness to prevent the melancholy of of a season of
scarcity. The new villages would combine within
them all the advantages of the largest town, without
one of its innumerable evils and inconveniencies; and
with ail the benefits of the country, without any off
she numerous disadvantages that tecludedresidences
now present.
In fact, the entire labour of the country, by the
prOposecrarrangements would be directed under all
the advantages that science and experience could
give, while now it is wasted in the most useless
efforts, and generally exerted under the grossest ig-
norance. This difference in the application of human
powers would soon produce as advantageous result
In favour of the new system, far weeding the an-
imal amount in value of all the taxes and Govern-
Moot expenditure. But who is yet prepareff to under.
staid this kind of political arithmetic
cottage system renders each individual of
every falsely subject to those evils which ail Lave
witnessed add experienced, or are hOnrly liable to ex-
perience—the husband, suddenly deprived of his wife,
the wile of her husband—parents bereft of their cbil-1
deem, children deprived of their parents. The ties
of endemusent are separated in a moment, and, un-
der your existMg system, what remains to the survi-
vors ? A wreck and desolation of all that before
made life desirable ; often anguish not to be described
or imagii.ed, for the irreparable loss of the only loved
object in existence ; no friend remaining that feels,
or can feel, one particle of intetest in all those name-
less associations which had been formed by and with
the departed object ; and at die same time liable to
annul , poverty, and every kind nt oppression, and no
one inclin.d to help or to relieve. AU are indivi-
dualieJ, cold, and forbidding, each being compelled
to take one hundred fold more care of himself than
would be otherwise necessary ; because the ignorance
of society has placed him in direct opposition to the
thousands mound him. Under theyropused system,
what a reverse will take place in practice when any
of these dispensations of life occur. In these happy
villages of unity and mutual co-operation, when dos.
ease or death AbVIIIS their victim, every aid is near;
all the assistance that skill, kindness, and sincere
affection can invent, aided by every convenience and
comfort, are at hand. The intelligent resigned suf-,
CM waits the result with cheerful patience, and,