Star.
London, England, 1819-02-01 00:00:00

BERLIN, JANVARY 23.

On the 20th, at six in the morning, his Majesty set
out for Frankfort on the Oder, to receive her Majesty
the Empress Elizabeth, on her return to Russia. After
dinner the Empress proceeded to Custrin, and the
King returned to Berlin.
namburgh Exchange on London, January 26,
was 32. 9 : 33.0.

In another column we have inserted an Extract
from a Report addressed by the War Department of
the United States, to the House of Representatives,
on the affairs of the Indian Nations—than which a

more diabolical production has never been submitted
for the consideration of civilized society. " The time
seems to have arrived," says Mr. Ca !mous, the au-
thor of the Report, " when our policy toward the In-
dians should undergo an important. change. They
neither are, in fact, nor ought to be consitle:.ed as in-
' dependent nations. Our views of their interest, and
not their own, ought to govern them." Atixi,ars
we are to trace, and eager as we should be to ac-
knowledge, in the Councils of the United States, a
spirit of moderation and justice, we must own, that
we know of nothing to be compared with this in mo-
dern times, except the Decrees by which BONAPARTY:
of his own sovereign will and pleasure, declared that
Holland, Hamburgh, &c. neither were, in fact, nor
ought to be considered as independent nations, and
that his views of their interest and not their own ought
to govern them. No other European Power has ever
avowed its mere will as a justification fur violating
national independence.

The partition of Poland, the most flagrant piece
of injustice of this kind before the French Revolution
was not pretended to be executed on such a principle
as this. The pretexts for that crime were sufficiently
false and frivolous; but they did not so openly insult
all the established doctrines of the law of nations.—
We arc speaking now of measures adopted in time
of peace. As to arrangements consequent upon wars
which may have disturbed all the previous relations
of States to each other, they cannot have any relation
to a question of this nature. But Mr. CALHOUN makes
no pretence of conquest -he simply says we have
hitherto acted on one system ; but the.time is come
for us to act on another. Hitherto we have regarded
the Indians as independent nations ; we have treated
with them as such ; we have admitted that they were
to be governed by their own views of their own inte-
rests; but now we as-ert, and will act upon a contrary
principle.—Why Because we choose to do so.
It is worth while to advert to the Treaties which
have been entered into between the United States
and the Indian Nations. The .first of these was con-
cluded in 1778 with the Delawares, and was a
Treaty of Confederation in war against the King
of GREAT BRITAIN. It is scarcely necessary to
add, that in such a Treaty the Delaware Indians
were treated as an independent nation. But the lan-
guage of the sixth Article is worthy of notice : it
begins thus 'Z.4 Whereas the enemies of the United
States have endeavoured, by every artifice in their
power, to possess the Indians in general with an
opinion that it is the design of the States aforesaid
to extirpate the Indians, and take possession ?f,their
country; to. obviate such false suggestions, the
United States do engage to guarantee to the afore-1
said Nation of Delawares and their heirs 'all their
terra°, ial rights in thefidkst and most ample 2nrinnei."
This Treaty, however, was followed by that of 1783
with Great Britain, in which, with a liberality which
cost us little, we ceded our rights, whatever they may
have been, to a pretty extensive track (of which even
the topography was unkrio*n to the negotiators),'
but which was bounded on the west *by the Missis-,
sippi. By a subsequent Treaty withWrance hi 1801,
the United States, for a small .sum in dollars, bought
Louisiana ; and upon the ground of this purchase
it seems they-
claim " the vast rizgiou extending west
'to the Pacific Ocean," a region at least thirty de-
grees in length, anclabout twenty in breadth, " in-
habited by numerous tribes not less warlike than
savage," over all of whom Mr. CALHOUN thinks the
'Government of the United States c.ught.to obtain a
decided controul ! Very few
.of these latter tribes
are so much as known to the Government which it
is said ought to possess this authority over theni;
however, one and the same rule is proposed to be
adopted with respect to them, and to the Delawares,
Wyandots, Shawanees, Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choc-
taws, Creeks, Scc. &c. with whom the United States
have, at various periods since 1783, concluded treaties.
In most of those treaties the United States solemnly
guarantee to the Indians the possession of certain
lands, and purchase from them others for a certain
value in goods-or money ; but of the lands reserved by
the Indians the United States guarantee to them the
undisturbed possession, expressly disclaiming any
right to intrude upon them, except for the purposes
and in the modes strictly limited by the Treaty. Thus,
if the Americans wish to trade with the Indians under
these Treaties k must be under the stipulated restric-
tions ; if they wish to pass through the territories for
military purposes, it must be on the road designated
by the Treaty. All these solemn contracts M. CAL-
HOUN proposes to annihilate at one stroke of the pen,
on the bold pretence that the parties with whom they
Were entered into were not independent nations !

It is difficult sometimes to penetrate the studied ob
scurity of the diplomatic phraseology of the Ameri-
cans. In this iespect CALHOUN and ADANIS maybe
classed together. The Treaty of 1790 speaks of " the
Upper, Middle, and Lower Creeks and Semanolies,'•
as " composing the Creek Nation:" Mr. ADAMS admits
that the Creek Nation, in 1811, were entitled to cer- ,
tain lands, but he seems to intimate that the S=2-
nolies and Red Sticks were not entitled to any pair of
the lands, because those tribes were "outlawed.'
Here then we have a nation living under laws of .its
own, forming Treaties for its own benefit, • excluding
by its own act whole tribes of its population from
the benefits of the law and Treaty; and afterwards
conies Mr. CALHOUN, and assures us, that this Na.
tiOn. is not independent.—Nay, he goes further, and

says it ought not to be governed by its orr. view,' a
its own interest.

If all the Indian tribes from Nova Scotia t()Nxitka
Sound, South of the Britidi line, choose to be pt),
verned by the views which the Government cf
United States may entertain of their interests,
have nothing to say againq it ; but in that case
CALHOUN need not have written his Report.
Report, however, looks to postible and ever! prc.
bable opposition on the part of the Indians, and :c
the exercise of " force," and what. he calls "
went' on the part of the United States. In slicr.l,,z
looks to war—And on what is that war to he i!,stiZ24l
On the right of bringing the Indians within the pale
of law and " civilization."

Now this is in direct opposition to the modern Law
of Nations. VArrEL, in his second nook, c. I. s.
speaks thus, " though a nation be obliged to promc:e,
as far as lies in its power, the perfection of others, it
is not entitled forcibly to obtrude these good offices
on them. Such an attempt would be a violation of
their natural liberty. In order to compel any crt
to receive a kindness, we nitt;t have an authority
over him ; but nations are absolutely free and indi..
penlent. Those ambitious Europeans who at::,,ked
the American nations, and subjected them to rich
greedy dominion, in order, as they priPndtd. to citi-
lize them, and cause them to be instrocted in ti:e tie
religion—those usurpers, I say, grounded thcmsekes
on a pretext equally unjust and ridieulnus."— After
this plain and positive authority, Mr. CAtcorxdo
not Muds to propose a crusade tiled;; (f
&oilcan !

What renders the case still worse is, that the civi.
lization of the Indians is plainly and pal Fatly a
pretext. The real object is to obtain a monopolylaf
the trade in " furs and peltries," to exclude " foreka
adventurers," and to overcome " the compctitkn
powerful and long-established companies" in the sane
trade—objects which plainly inifly that the Indi
are not to he civilized, but to be kept in the fn,
state which is e.sentially necessary to the trade n
furs and peltrier— In this last point our own pa:w
cular interests as a nation are touched—but in tle
great questions of setting aside treaties, declaring
nations no longer to be independent, and ettgagiiv
war to promote civilization, all the world is dyerly
interested to protest against this extraordinary Rep Ls.

Sir ROBEiT WILSON, in his speech oil the Finan,
stated the National Debt to amount, in round nu'

to 800 millions. lie was accused by a Noble Lord 1,
spoke after him, of not noticitig the redeemed rat
the debt. We beg leave to remind the two Homo
able Members, that the whole debt, if the U 7

'part is unnoticed, amounts to 1100 millions ; and

Sir ROBERT WIL6ON should have replied, that he
taken the unredeemed part into the account.
fact is, that the country is paying the interest on the
whole 1100 millions ; but that when the whole a:
redeemed 800 millions shall have been paid off, :11
aboui. 38 years, the debt will be totally extinct ; bat
this calculation is founded on the sup position tt At n 4
inroad shall be made on the Redemption Fond. and
that tp) wars, or extraordinary expenses shall -ni.e to
check its operation.

7. views cf
to Naotka to
to he go, visit
ine(
!nt cf
crests, we Lies
t case rrE2
11,..
even
it re
v., and :c
1
`•
En shrr.l: ,t war
ursd
juqiZ2d?
he
In the Tale t
sake
pdern Law tha
'rid:
c. s.
ptaii
o promote, atol
f others, it 64
sod offices ks,
iolation of itect
iel any one and,.Ro
autlsorirt Maj
and indt. and
to at::,cked UN'
nto reir iCit
Ley
tO the
in tl:e tr• e a gti
thcmselt-es ly
as."—Alter
Lcorx does A
o'c
,site
s tb
at t}e civi- *l"n'
palpably a hibit
ISNE
lonopoly tef
" foreiza Sail
spctitkn rf nsp
in the sane d
the Indians snip
•s
the hunter it ;
lia
he trade in auri
own pasn. •nsp
-but in ;le dto
declaring Ce
dis dteply ,
ntgagin, is Fric
ary Rept.n. c, is
r. 1
e Financ:s, StEa
d numbers, ssen
e Lord who ce
mod part of '6O
eo 110/101V-
rth
inredeentei ipth t
s ; and that run
that he had d th
stint. The ,bs
!rest on the -1 I
T..t
• whole tn.,-
.iaid off, Ea ilc
vine[ ; bat Ths
ion act na eel
Fond. and one
ou
lan asi.e to
t
Tits
}ft
vet
tree
horseback Th,
oyal er
ide oil sL• site
is expected th
'cal
rtugaL anif g.
itinguished tee!
e
tills
crc
In
use] 7re.: fills
:Li vespod Erin
• have been it
the pet of
njuriuus 11,
axt
!vice of t.! esti
3wn the
64
De It is (T.:.
Tit
hat the LE::-
•
have is-.ri ed
of his lit
,n ; and c: e
tic with :a se
gin
3 to itel:ast
d
:tive!soross
vier a co:T.•
110
during rot
IN(
inclictme:a
nt Sesc:".
tl a
Etv of ‘''r
I Lanc `41.,',"'
ate,
1`.71
dy
urbance:
concer•e;
tti
eutenced
ed
J on Fritiv
t, Ilt•rkele••
k'Crl:' rr 11' Zrl
; She - re
icier to t' tn
the Earl t tg
uttstore.
• to the l~ ins
the drniv,:: Ci
entirely r
bllowett h. '•• tl
h.continc.,l, • L,
t quautrw,.. rs
•
•