The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1839-03-08 00:00:00

THE MEMBERS FOR CHESHIRE.

Mr. George Wilbraham, M.P. for South Cheshire, voted
on the 19th February for Mr. Villiers' motion, to hear evi-
dence at the bar of the House of Commons for the repeal of
the corn laws, against the agricultural interest.—Farmers of
Cheshire ! bear this in mind ! !—And Mr. George Wilbraham
also voted in favour of Mr. T. Duncombe's motion for open-
ing the patent theatres in Lent, which was merely another
side-wind blow at the church.—Friends of the church ! bear
th:s in mind ! !

Mr. E. J. Stanley, M.P. for North Cheshire, voted on the
19th February for Mr. Villiers' motion, to hear evidence at
the bar of the House of Commons for the repeal of the corn
1 tws, against the agricultural interest.—Farmers of Che-
shire ! bear this in mind ! !—And Mr. E. J. Stanley also voted
is favour of Mr. T. Duncombe's motion, for opening the
patent theatres during lent, which was merely a side-wind
blow at the church.—Friends of the Church ! bear this in
mind!!

We hope that the conservative committees and their agents,
&c. in both divisions of the county, are on the alert, for (who
knows ?) there may be both a change of ministry and a
general election, before many weeks pass over our heads. The
imbeciles are hard up. Finally, we recommend all conser-
vatives, in phrase expressive, to keep their weapons bright—
their hearts light—and themselves generally in as good case
and condition as if they expected to be called upon to-morrow
to tight the battle of the constitution on the hustings. The
wind is setting in our favour, fortune already smiles upon us,
and there is every reason why we should be cheerful and
hearty—and oust from the representation the two radical
members—Messrs. G. Wilbraham and E. J. Stanley, who
havo clearly forfeited their claim, as the farmer's friends, and
are almost the declared enemies of the church.—Chester
Courant.

MARISCRAL COLLEGE.—On Tuesday, Mr. Colquhoun,
of Killermont, M.P., for the Kilmarnock district of burghs,
was elected rector of Marischal College, for the present year.
The other candidate brought forward was Mr, Campbell the
poet—Aberdeen Herald.

FREE-TRADE FALLACIES !I

(From Me Staffordshire Advertiser)

AN APPEAL TO LANDOWNERS, FARMERS, MANUFACTUR-
ERS, AND OPERATIVES, AGAINST THE CONTEMPLATED
CHANGES IN THE CORN LAWS.
ENGLISHMEN,

Arouse from your lethargy ! the enemies of your country,
under the inviting cry of cheap bread, are attempting to
undermine your independence by abolishing the corn-laws.
The enemies of the corn-laws tell you that their abolition
will benefit you, but, landowners, farmers, manufacturers,
and operatives, read one or two of the results of a free trade
in foreign corn, and no longer be backward in advocating
your own interests. _ . .

-
The first result of a free trade will be (as its advocates in-
tend) this. All corn will settle to nearly one-half below
what farmers call a " paying price." The foreigner can
bring wheat into our markets for three shillings and sixpence
per bushel !
Will this then benefit your landowners ? No ! It will
throw one half of your estates out of cultivation, and conse-
quently, seriously diminish your incomes. You, .Whose in-
comes are very large, would still be able to appear as gentle-
men—but, on a reduced scale. But, even this state, which
may be called 6xisting—not living, as gentlemen, if those
incomes have descended to you, burthened to any amount
with mortgages, legacies, younger brothers' portions, &c.,
will be denied you, for all these must be paid in full, though
your estates have decreased fifty per cent. in value. What
then, is the conclusion? Simply this. You will be ruined !
If this be the case with the large landed proprietors, it needs
not much quickness of perception to see what will be the
effect upon all the small proprietors—those independent yeo-
men, of one or two hundred a-year, many of whom have
borrowed five hundred or a thousand pounds for improving
their freeholds. A thousand a-year reduced to five hundred
may enable its owner to still enjoy some comforts ; but (alas
for the pride of old England !) an income of 4:100 reduced to
£5O, with £lOOO at 5 per cent. interest upon it, leaves a
wonderful amount of comforts for the family of its possessor,
and of capital to compete with the foreigner ! But, mort-
gagees and moneylenders are a very merciful and considerate
class of people, especially when an estate is sinking in value !

. .
Would it benefit you farmers ?
No, it would ruin you! You cannot compete with the
foreigners for reasons we have before shown, and with your
capital sunk in your land you must abide, either to emigrate
to some of our colonies, while you have a few shillings left,
or to work upon the roads for six shillings a week.
Would it benefit you manufacturers ?
No ! Be deceived not with such hopes; for they are vain.
By ruining the agriculturists you destroy your home trade,
which is nearly three-fourths of your whole trade, while you
would not in an equal ratio improve your foreign trade—re-
member that the corn growers of Poland, Pomerania, and
Ukraine, are not small freeholders and independent farmers,
who spend their whole profits amongst you, but overgrown
and grasping potentates, with much land and little money,
who cultivate their territories with serfs and bondsmen. They
want not English gold to spend in comforts for their degra-
ded and wretched vassals, but to spend in continental luxu-
ries—not to buy your manufactures, but to rival them. They
have the talent, they only want the gold ! Before you bene-.
fit the foreigner at the expense of the agriplturist, you should
set the agriculturists an example of magnanimity. You
should say we produce clothing—farmers you produce corn—
foreigners produce both. Now to protect us the law will not
allow a hat, a cap, a shoe, a ribbon, a handkerchief, a piece
of silk, or apiece of cloth, to come into England without pay-
ing a tax. And, to protect you, the law will not allow a quar-
ter of corn to come in, (unless you have little,) without a
duty. Let us put the foreigner upon the same footing as our-
selves. We will take off the duties on French silks, laces,
gloves, &c., &c. ; Saxon cloths, Silesian calicoes, and Swiss
chintzes, &c.

Operatives would it benefit you ?
No ! Be not gulled by the popularity hunters, who tempt
you with the bait of " a sixpenny loaf for threepence." You
engaged in agriculture, bethink yourselves what would be your
condition when your masters were reduced to the stern ne-
cessity of " working on the roads !" And you engaged in
manufactures deceive not yourselves with the delusion that if
food be cheaper, labour will not descend in the same ratio.
Remember, too, that there are 2,900,350 families employed
in agriculture and the home trade; of these 1,195,000 are to-
tally dependent on agriculture, while only 527,000 are de-
pendent on our foreign manufactiirers. An agricultural la-
bourer and his family have not on an average above 12s. or
14s. per week, while you earn at the least double that sum.
Driven, then, by desperation and poverty to seek out the
large towns, would they not be dangerous competitors for
"cheap" work? Would your masters care for your turning
out at lower wages when they would have hundreds of starved
agricultural labourers ready to turn in for any wages ? Think
of this, then, and heed not the ravings of those who would
make you discontented. Defy them to show you a cheap
country with happy peasants. Bid them compare your con-
dition, comforts, and liberty, with the wretched states of the
Russian and Polish serfs, whose morsels of " black bread" is
their only luxury. Tell them to look at the poor peasants of
Hindostan or China, toiling all day for a miserable penny,
and luxuriating at night—on bread, beef, and beer? no! on
a little rica and water ; and then ask them if you ought to
change?
Whom then will a repeal of the Corn Laws benefit ? -Will
it benefit the nation?

The usurer may be enabled to swallow up so many more
victims ! Small freeholds will fall easier into the hands of
creditors !

The great manufacturers will be all the better able to break
up the small ones, dependent on home trade ; but that the
national wealth, the national prosperity, will be augmented
by what injures all the component parts of its constitution ;
and ruins that part which creates the greater portion of that
national wealth, is beyond reason.
Englishmen, this is a picture of the effect produced by the
abolition of the corn laws.

But the evil effects of the fallacious free-trade system end
not here. Not only do we diminish our national wealth—
cripple the resources of our nobility and ruin thousands of
our agriculturists ; but we endanger our actual independence,
yea, our very existence as a nation. For, let it not be for-
gotten, that in enriching the potentates, or rather the task-
masters of Poland, we are filling the coffers of the•very man
whom we have most cause to look upon as our enemy—the
autocrat of Russia ; a man whose whole policy shows him to
be our rival, and whd fears not our valour, but our gold.
Yet it is to this man that our blind (or worse inotived)
countrymen would pay an annual tax of gold. Yes, not only
would they enrich him, but depend upon his caprice, as to
the quantity, and his avarice, as to the cost, of the very
staff of our existence ; when one nod of his head would suf-
fice to shut up the stores of Dantzic, Hamburgh, Memel,
Riga, Odessa, &c., and to " starve us into submission" to
his haughty and ambitious projects, even though these pro-
jects were aimed at the destruction of our dt arest interests.
For what continental state could or durst send us a grain of
corn, did Nicholas desire that England should no longer be
a nation ? Is it then improbable that such would be his de-
sire, were we once fairly in his power, did we once deptnd
entirely upon continental corn ? No ! The very envy of
our superiority would impel him to it.
Never will Englishmen allow it to be said that

" The flag that brav'd a thousand years,

The battle and the breeze,"
was through one act of intemperate policy lowered to a bar-
barian, and not one warning voice raised to save it.
Remember the truth history has handed down to us ; that
when Rome fetched her dictators from the plough—when
her kings and her emperors encouraged agriculture by exam-
ple and precept, she became the " mistress of the world.;"
but %hen she came to depend upon the " floods of the Nile"
for her subsistence, impoverished in purse, deprived of the
aid of her peasants and her farmers, who fought for their'
homes, their farms, and their vineyards, she became the
prey of faction ; the secret of her strength was made known,
and she sunk, to rise no more in the scale of nations.
Meet together and petition—petition—petition ! let your
representatives and the country hear your voices. Yung
men and old men be prompt, persevering, and united: Let
all minor differences be forgotten in one great struggle for
your country and yourselves. Hesitate not, but act ; and
the antidote will, yet, counteract the poison, and gain you
the blessing of every one who is
A LOVER OF HIS COUNTRY.

THE ROYAL PARTY AT FAULT.

(From a Sunday Paper.)

The following has been sent to us as a faithful description
of the scene which occurred at the Old Oak Commbn, when
Langley the shepherd refused to allow the " Royal party" to
make a road of his master's meadow :

" Sir George," said the Queen, seeing the shepherd at a
distance, and wishing to make a short cut into the Harrow
road—" tell that person we desire to go through his field."
" I say, there old feller !" exclaimed Sir George Quentin,
" just open this gate here, will yer ?"
" Woot foor ?" asked the shepherd, approaching the gate.
" Woot foor !" humorously echoed Sir George ; " why we
want to make a cut through this meadow, old cock ; come
look aloe there !—d'ye hear ?"
", Ees, I hear," replied the shepherd, " but I beant agoin to
oopen the geate."
" You won't ?" cried Sir George:
" Noo, 'll be darnged. if I do,' said the shepherd.
" Well, I never .1' exclaimed Miss Quentin.
" Did you ever ?" inquired the Honourable Miss Murray.
" You speak to him, my Lord," said the Queen, to the'
Earl of Fingall.
" Blur an ouns !" at once exclaimed that Noble Earl ;
" what's the manin ay this mighty botheration wid ye, eh?
Open the gaate, ye ould bog-throtter, immediately." •
I sharnt," said the shepherd, " if I do I'm darnged,
noo, an that's 00l about it."
" Ye mane to say ye wont't" cried the Noble Earl,
swelling with indignation ; " ye won't lit us cut through
this meddy ?"
" Noo, I won't," said the shepherd, " goo rarnd."
" Opin the gaate, dirthy washer to ye !" cried the Noble
Earl ; or be me sows it's' myself that 'll lay this shindy
across yer dirthy sbowlders, till ye haven't a rag to yer."
" Softly," said the Honourable Major Keppel, checking
the rage of the Noble Earl, and then turning to the shep-
herd with a smile, " my good man, all we want is to pass
through this meadow ; come, open the gate—come, come,
come, that's all we want."
" knoow that's all you want," said the inexorable shep-
herd ; " boot I arnt agoin to do it ; goo rarnd."
" How tiresome, to be sure," said the Queen.
" What a dreadful old man !" cried the Honourable Miss
Murray.
" Oh, it's perfectly shocking !" exclaimed the Earl of Ux-
bridge. " The old fellow deserves to—to be—l'll go and
knock him down."

" By no means, my Lord," said the Queen, and the Earl of
Uxbridge backed to the rear with all possible despatch.
"If dat pearsonne," observed the Baroness Lehzen, lifting
her leg over the pommel of the saddle to giye it ease, " it'
dat personne vos lif in any odare contrary dan dis, he wood
no be allow to do dat vidout his modare. '

" Tuuther and turf, then," exclaimed the Earl of Fingall,
with a menacing aspect, " it's the meddy ye don't mane to
lit us pass through? ye don't mane to open that gaate ?"
" Noo, I doan't mean to oopen the gaate," said the shep-
herd, " so it arnt o' noo use if yer stop here 00l night.".
" Now see what a change a single word will effect," said
Colonel Wemyss, as he left the Queen's side to approach the
shepherd, " Hem ! Fello ! do you know who we are ?"
"Noo I don't," said the shepherd, " and what's moore, I
doan't care."
"What a horrible brute !" excliimed the Hon. Miss
Murray..
" Mon Dieu!" cried the baroness, readjusting her leg, " vat
a ver vulgar ting ! oh ! I nevere !"
" Do you know, sir," continued Colonel Wemyss, assum-
ing an air of unspeakable dignity, in the full expectation that
the word he was about to utter would cause the oldshepherd
to fall upon his knees, and with trembling accents crave
pardon, Do you know, sir, that you are now in the presence
of your Queen ?"
No, I doarn't," said the shepherd, with a species of un-
concern which inspired the " Royal party" with amazement:
" boot wet if I be ? do yar think I'm agoin to let this here
*dick be cut up by them horses' hoofs accause one on 'em
happens to carry the Queen ? Noo, wot's the Queen to me !
An I spose yar 00l loords, but nayther loord nor Queen nor
King, nor ony sich a thing shall cut up this ere paddick I can
tell yar, and so yar may 00l on yar goo round.' •
" Bad luck to ye !" exclaimed the Earl of Fingall. "Be
the mighty and eternal blazes that made me; I'll spile yer
dirty countenance wid"—
" My lord !" said the Queen, " the poor person is very
vulgar, and very ignorant ; don't• mind him ; come, let us
return," and the " Royal party" did- return, utterly asto-
nished at the fact of the shepherd failing to fall upon his
knees when Colonel Wemyss, with so much dignity, ex-
claimed, " You are now in the presence of your Queen I"

EDUCATION-LORD JOHN RUSSELL-
PRIEST WHALE.

(From the Edinburgh Evening Post.)

Lord John Russell has proposed to appropriate £30,000
per annum from the public purse for popular education. We
think that whig economy might have afforded a larger grant
for that necessary purpose ; but even the sum intended is too
much for the working of any educational scheme based upon
the principles of the Home Secretary and his colleagues. In
detailing the particulars of his system, Lord John was pro-
vokingly flippant and foolish. His exposition of the nature
of his schools was vague and unsatisfactory to the last degree.
In the curriculum of these seminaries religious instruction
comes first; then moral training; habits of industry come
next ; and then such knowledge as is fitted for a trade or
professidn. We never, for our own part, understood that
habits of industry could be made a particular and distinct
branch of study at schools • an industrious habit is the recti-
tude of manner in which all the business of a school should
be performed. Lord John Russell opined, that the instruc-
tion hitherto given in schools proceeded on a very false
assumption, when it made reading and writing, with some
of the elements of religion, to form education. He also
thought that there was a good deal of force in the late Mr.
Cobbett's objections to popular education, of which he was a
decided opponent; that it did not enable a man to discharge
better the duties of his situation and to gain his bread. The
force of Mr. Cobbett's remark applies emphatically to Lord
John, whose education, popular though it may be, has not
enabled him to fulfil, with very great propriety, his duties as
a statesman.

Scarcely can any language of condemnation be strong
enough in application to the man who could quote the brutal
language of the custodier of Tom Paine's bones,"in advo-
eating the education of the people. To Cobbett man was a
mere machine ; his end and aim was to keep his physical
powers in a state fit for labour, and all higher views and
nobler aspirations were to be buried beneath the clods on
Irvhicli he-reared his corn. But to proceed to the flippancies
of Lord, John. We admit that, if by education he meant a
knowledge of all a man has to do in life, then the articles of
instruction enumerated are too scanty : but still they form
the basis of all other tuition, and direct and assist its appli-
cation. The knowledge which fits a man for a trade or pro-
fession will vary according to the genius of the individual ;
and if Lord John consulted this, his schools would require
to have as adjuncts, counting-houses, factories, fields, gardens,
laboratories, miniature dock-yards, &c. &c. The absurdity.
of Lord John's statements as to the bearing of religious in-
struction, and the trivial branches of learning comprehended
in the usual scheme, will be best illustrated by taking the
case negatively. What is a man without religious know-
ledge ?—what can he know who cannot read ?—what business
is he adapted for who cannot write, and who must trust any
matter of record to his own memory or to the paid pen of an
amanuensis ? It would even be improper to teach children
at school the elements of professions, as the time and labour
might be thrown away, from the circumstance of the pupil
choosing a different walk in life from that he was forced' into
by his teachers. Neither Cobbett nor Lord John must be
allowed to dictate the educational system of this country. It
must be the work of different men. For our own parts, we
are friends to the education of the people ; we desire to see
every one educated, and every kind of genius evolved and
turned to its proper pursuit, however high that pursuit
may be, and however lowly may be the possessor of the
genius fitted for " high designs." But we dread the inter-
meddling of rash theorists with a thing so sacred as educa-
tion, and deprecate that mode of instruction which leaves
out religious training, or renders it almost nugatory from the
cowardly time-serving way it is conducted. To consult the
conscience of the weak is proper ; but it is more a duty' to
consult the conscience of the strong. In respect to this
momentous business, we need but look to the national
schools of Ireland, and from their workings we will be more
and more impressed with the conviction, that, in the main
article of education, all compromise is crime.
Connected with education, we have seen a document of a
character which it is almost impossible to describe. It is a
letter to' Lord John Russell from the well-known priest
Nl' Hale, his grace " John Tuam." It is so characteristi-
cally popish, that it is dated on the " Feast of the Chair of
St. Peter." This festival we never heard of before, and it
altogether out-Herods the gridiron feast of Cobbett. For
insolence, for wild presumption, for haughty and disgustingly
ignorant contempt of protestants, it exceeds any other article
of its class which we have ever perused. Some of Nl' Hale's
coadjutors preserve the semblance of courtesy in their lan-
guage respecting protestants and their church ; but this fel-
low casts off all these appearances. and appears the spiritual-
ized bashaw of the mass-house ; the fettered but potential
inquisitor, who bites the chain of a hated coercion, and sees
in vision " the iron scourge and torturing hour" as the ap-
propriate fate of the sons of the reformation. This Beckett,
so small," in commenting upon the secession of the Rev.
Mr. Carlisle from the Educational Board, refers to the cir-
cumstance of the educational scheme being at present before
thr Pope for his decision. The monk in the Vatican he
styles—what think you, good reader ?—" The Father of the
Christian World ;" and in the insolent tone of a pampered
and saucy son of that father, he informs Lord John (who is,
of course, his brother on his own hypothesis), that the " sys-
tem of national education is referred to Rome, and the fate of
the board bangs in the balance suspended on the decision of
Gregory." This is rather plain language, coming from " John
Tuam," but it is as true as plain ; and his grace gives us to
understand that he is at present in a state of expectancy, loOk-
ing for " light and aid from that holy city, which has ever
been the fortress of religious freedom to every nation whose
faith was attempted to b crushed." This is alarming, and we
have cause to dread the resentment of his holiness, should he
take it into his infallible brains that we are crushing " John
Tuam. The allusion to Rome is particularly happy. We
recollect the cordial blessing the Pcpe gave to the Spanish
Armada, when it wafted to our shores instruments of torture
for the English protestants, and also the hymns of triumph
which were sung by the 'Pope and Cardinals in a church in
the " holy city," wheu the most joyful tidings reached the
Vatican that, on the Feast of St. Bartholomew,, the streets
of Paris were washed by the blood of thousands of perfidiously
massacred protestants. Does the insolent priest to whom
we refer forget the sufferings of the Waldenses, associated in
eternal infamy with the " triple tyrant," and the holy city
in which that tyrant had his seat of tyranny, of fraud, of
cruelty, and of monstrous and idolatrous ambition ? Nor is
this all. M`Hale would lead us to believe that his is the
best instructed communion in the world. He spurns at the

notion of Ireland receiving instructions, written or oral, from
the " seats of spiritual darkness and of infidelity ;" and this
magniloquent boast of independence comes from a Romish bi-
shop, whose work, as Dr. South happily observes, is to teach
people to be ignorant. But perhaps Mg-bile's works are
significant enough : where ignorance is regarded as the mother
of devotion, men are wholly independent of illumination—
even from' the holy city itself, the very quarter from which
" John Tuam" expects both " light and aid."
We recollect that' Lord Lyndhurst was on the point of
being torn to pieces, even in the House of Commons, for
cdling the Irish " aliens in blood, in ,language, and in reli-
gion." M`Hale, however, is not afraid to designate us "men
of alien countries, and of an alien creed;" and in this way
we are thanked for the yearly grant to Maynooth, for the
emancipation act, and for the Educational Board. Nothing
we can do will ever conciliate the papists—they want more
than we are willing to give—they wish us to commit a con-
stitutional suicide—to give them entire ascendeny ; and short
of this, we only expose ourselves to sheer ingratitude by our
gifts. We shall have a few words to say when the expected
" light and aid" arrives from the " holy city," froia which
quarter we may not precisely expect light, bat we can well
anticipate AID for every scheme of popish tyranny and in-
solence.

When Mendelssohn was written to by some musical per-
sons in London, requesting him to recommend the two best
female singers he knew in Germany, with a view of offering
them engagements, he sent the names of Clara Novello and
Mrs. A. Shaw. hat a con.pliment to English talent !

ADVANTAGES ARISING FROM THE INTERFERENCE IN
OTHER PEOPLE'S QUARRELS, —By their imjustifiabie' we
might say wicked, conduct in taking part in the national dis-
putes which have caused a civil war in Spain, her maiesty's
ministers have cost this country the sum of £569,169. Nor
is this all: they have, in addition, sacrificed the lives of eight
thousand of our fellow-subjects, besides tarnishing the
military glory of a great nation.
PROTESTANT ORPHAN SOCIETY.—We have just heard
that a Protestant Orphan Society has been formed in the
town of Sligo. It is, indeed, a pleasing reflection that the
poor Protestants of Ireland are engaging the synpathy of the
upper classes. We shall be happy to announce a greater
spead of this kind feeling towards a clasi of persons, who
have been, and are, enduring great persecution.—Dublin
Evening Packet.

NEWSPAPER STAMP RETURNS.—SOMC dour contempo-
raries, we perceive, are ostentatiously publishing the official
return of newspaper stamps put forth by the Whig Govern-
ment every quarter; although their inaccuracy has been so
repeatedly pointed out and universally admitted.—Those last
delivered are as erroneous as any of their predecessors, for, in
the stamps issued to this journal alone, and in one single
month, there is im error of one hundred and eighty thousand.
—viz. 20,000, ifistead of 200,000 ! !—Morning (not the Mid-
land Counties') Herald.
EDUCATION IN IRELAND.—We are assailed by clamours
for edueation;and to education in, its enlarging, enlightening
and ameliorating influences, we are friends ; but it is not
such an education that is demanded, for while the popular
passion pants for an acquaintance with what may be called
natural knowledge; there is a deplorable indifference to the
spiritual destitution of the country. This needs no proof,
but an appalling exemplification of the result occurred in the
Recorder's Court on Thursday. A little girl was produced
as a whness in a case in which her evidence was deemed im-
portant, but before she was sworn she was questioned as to
her impressions of what she was about to do. " How old
are you ?" asked a Barrister. " Twelve years, sir." "Do
you know the nature of an oath ?" " No, sir." " Did you
ever go to mass ?" " Once, sir." " Did you ever hear
there was a devil ?" "No, sir." One of the jury having
remarked that it might be well to put the questions in Irish,
this was done by Mr. O'Connell. He asked her if she had
any prayers ? She replied " Yes, sir, four," and at his de-
sire repeated the Lord's prayer. At the suggestion of the
Deputy Recorder she was asked if she knew who was meant
by the words " our father ?" She said she did not. "Do
you know who God is ?" " No, sir." " Did you ever hear
what would happen to persons who tell a lie ?" " I did not,
sir." " Whom do you pray to ?" "To Father Walshe,
sir !" The examination went no further, but the case was
postponed to afford time for the usual instruction as to the
nature of an oath. The child is, as we have mentioned,
about 12 years of age—a smart-looking, pretty, and intelli-
gent little girl, and rather above the average run of persons
of her class. She lives in the liberties, within about six miles
of the city.—Cork Constitution.

PITCH-GROUNDS OF TENERIFFE.—There is nothing more
extraordinary in the structure of the whole island of Tenerilie,
than the extensive pitch formations it contains. The part of
the island in which the pitch-grounds, as they are called, are
found, is about twenty-four miles from Port Spain, at a place
called Point Breea. There, it is said, they are fifteen hun-
dred acres in extent. On landing at Point Breea, which is
done on a Sandy beach, a person is naturally surprised to see
large black rocks of pitch towering above the sand, and pieces
of them rolled smooth and plentifully about the beech, like
pebbles. Every step he takes is on pitch ground. Exten-
sive masses of it are also found presenting a broad and smooth
surface. In some parts it seems as if a barrel of pitch had
been upset, and left to mix with the soil. The pitch, in ge-
neral, is merely a superficial boating on the surface of the
ground ; and nothing but strict examination would,allow me
to believe that the fertile scene around is situated on pitch
grounds. But it is so ; cottages and gardens are implanted on
it, and on it vegatation thrives most luxuriantly. The
pitch-ground is not one continued mass of this substance,
but it is a series of broken and irregular patches of it,
the soil intervening for considerable spaces. After walking
up a gentle ascent of a mile and a quarter from the sea,
over the pitch-ground, the visitor reaches an elevated basin,
which is called the pitch-lake. This is a vast mass of pitch
naturally collected in the form of a lake. The surface of it,
moreover, assumes the appearance of one, and it is completely
surrounded by a wood. The length of this lake is about half
a mile, and its greatest breadth about half a furlong. Nu-
merous pools of water abound on the surface, and the deep
cracks and fissures in the pitch are filled with it, in which
little fish and frogs sport about. This water is perfectly fresh
and good. The pitch appears to be in some parts of great
depth, if such an opinion may be justified from the cracks and
fissures. It is hard enough to sustain the weight of a person
walking on it, but becomes a little softened by the heat of the
sun ; so that persons a little distance from each other some-
times disappear by sinking gradually into the hollows formed
by their own weight. On the confines of the lake, vegetition
is abundant and vigorous ; and pine apples which grow on the
pitch-grounds are said to be remarkably good.— Voyage of
the Chanticleer,