Star.
London, England, 1828-12-29 00:00:00

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its the in-
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:he view of
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rest Indiuu,
a--scatcrly
is of liiieuut
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Licentious
ind the pru-
plundered
im the con-

!osnmanders.
i among the
volved. is
thizens have
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menu, loth-
nmercv, and
To the svl•
Navy, and
ion, 1 iovitt

aestlng that
aci6c Ocean
, shoal., and
ion and de-
wel is nearly
e expedition
visions, and
espense.--
with a slight
he safety of
f which may

e submitted.
:h, 1827, for
s:ates, state-
se measures
Relit* of
o the great
he Navy.
re been pro-
or the future
he preeerva"
nited States,
at days, the
by the great
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t of the two
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ye been Pe4t
vy yards of
die improve-
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30sport, and
red, and re-
lic duties bas
,importance.
bited a tom-
bment, from
saber of
a nearly elB.-
11 silty-ow§
and a half.;
fl+etbont
wadard ,
In lb. sals.

Wabhitigtoti, Dre. 2, 11128.

.•
period of time the population of the Union has about thrice doubled,
the rate of increase of these offices is nearly forty, and of the rev.-
oue, and travelled miles, from twenty to twenty five for one. The
increase of revenue, within the last five years, has been nearly
eotel to the whole revenue of the department of 1812.
The expenditure of the department during the year which ended
on the Ist of July last have exceeded the receipts by a sum of about
twenty-five thousand dollars. The excess has been occasioned by
the increase of mail conveyances and facilities to the extent of nearly
eteht hundred thousand miles. It has been supplied by collections
ei;.tu the postmasters of the atrearages of preceding years. While
the correct principle seems to be, that the Income levied by the de-
partment should defray all its expenses, it has never been the
policy of this Government to raise from this establishment any
ereettue to be applied to any other purposes. The suggestion of the
Oostmaster-general, that the insurance of the safe transmission' et
monies by the mails might be assumed by the departments, for a
moderate and competent remuneration, will deserve the cousidera-1
eon of Congress.
A Report from the Commissioners of the Public Buildings in I
this city exhibits the expenditures upon them in the course of the
Willa year. h viLl be seen that the humane and benevolent in-
tentions of Congress, in providing, by the Act of 20th May, 1826,
for the erection of a Penitentiary in this district, have been accom-
pii,eed. The authority of further legislation is now required for
the removal to this tenement of the offenders against the laws, sets-
tenzed to atone by personal confinement for their crimes, and to
rot& a cede ter their employment and government while thus
confined.
The Commissioners appointed conformably to the Act of Ild
'Sloth. 18e7, to provide for the adjustment of claims of persons
tended to indemnification under the first article of the treaty of
Chen, and for the distribution among such claimants of the sum
pa d by the Government of Great Britain under the convention
tat the 13th of November, 1826, closed their labours on the 30th,
of August last, by awarding the claimants the sum of one million
one hundred and ninety-seven thousand four hundred and twenty,+
two dollirs and eighteen cents, leaving a balance of seven thousand
five hundred and thirty-seven dollars and eighty-tyro cents, which
was distributed rateably amongst all the claimants to whom awards
had been made. according to the directions of the Act.
The t :habits wended to the report from the Commissioner of the
General Land Office prraent the actual condition of that common
property of the Union. The amount raid into the Treasuty from
the proceeds of the lands, during the year 1827 and the first half of
1828, fall, tittle short of two millions of dollars. The propriety of
further extending the time (or the extinguishment of the Jan due
to the United States by the purchasers of the public lands,. limited
by the Act of gist March last to the 4th of July next, will claim
the consideration of Congress, to whose vigilance and careesskattete
ten the regulatinu, disposal, and preservation of this great national
inheritance has by the people of the United States been entrusterL
Among the important subjects to which the attention of the pre.
stet Congress ha: already been invited, and which may occupy their
further and deliberate discussion, wi I be the provision to he made
for take's the fifth census or enumeration of the inhabitants of the
United States i the Constitution of the United states requites that thin
enumeration should be made within every terns of ten years, and
the date from which the last enumeration commenced was the fir*
)I,onday of August of the year 1820. The laws under which the
former enumerations were taken were enacted at the &Won of
Congress immediately preceding the operation. But considerable
incenveniences were experienced from the delay of legislation to •
Lite a period. Thatdaw, like those of the preceding enutuetations,
ditevxd that the census should be taken by the Marshals of the se-
veral districts and territories, under instructions (runs the Secretary
of State. The preparation and transmission to the Marshals of
those instructions required more time than was then allowed be-
tween tee passage of the lasi and the day when the enumeration
was to commeum . The term of six months, limited for the returns of
the Marsbals, was also found even then too short, and must be more
so now when an additional population of at least three millions
must be presented up••n the returns. As they are to be made at the'
short Session of Congress, it would, as well as from other considera-
tions. be more convenient to commence the enumeration from an
earlier period of the year than the Ist of August. The most layout-
able season would be the spring. On a review of the former enu-
notations it will be found that the plan for taking every census has
contained improvements upon that of its predecessor. • . The last is
/till susceptible of much improvement. The third census was the
brat at which any account was taken of the manufactures of she
country. It was repeated at the last enumeration ; but the returns
in both cases w e necessarily very imperfect. They must Aimee
; - be so, resting, of course, only on the ,communications voluntarily
made by individuals interested in some of the rnanuiucturieg este.
Mithments: Yet they contain much valuable informed 1111 l and may,
by sonic supplementary provision of the law, be rendered more
effective. The columns of age, commencing from infancy, have hi.
Amt. been conflated to a few periods, all under the number of 45
years. Important knowledge 'would be obtained by extending those
columns, in intetvels of ten years, to the utmost boundaries of hu-
man life. The labour of taking them would be a trifling addition to
that already prescribed, and the result would exhibit comparative
tables of longevity highly interesting to the country. I deem it
my duty further to of serve that tntsch of the imperfections in the
rerutns of the last, and perhaps of preceding euunieratiens, pro-
ceeded (runs the inadequateness of the compensations allowed to
the Marshals and their assistants in taking them.
In closing this commuication, it only rentaias for me to assure
the Legislature of my continued earnest wish for the adoption of
measures recommended by me heretofore, and yet to be acted on
by them; and of the cordial concurrence on my'part in every con-
stitutional provision which may receive their sanction during the
Session timing to the general welfare.