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London, England, 1819-10-14 00:00:00

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ER 14, 1819.

quently given. The accused, therefore, continued to
resist proceedingswhich were plainly illegal, and re-
fused to answer questions which the agent of Police
had no right to put.
By another rescript of the Minister of Police, he
was, therefore, ordered to be carried from Cologoe,
the place where his offence was said to be committed,
and from the Tribunal to which he was naturally
amenable, to Berlin, there to be examined, in order,
as it was said in the document, to avoid all conflict
between the Authorities in the cause. Muhlenfels
then requested; by petition, the interference of the
whole Court of Appeal, to support him against an
unlawful treatment that might be extended to all its
Members, and to defend him against an arbitrary act,
which might be repeated with regard to each of them.
To this appeal, which met with the entire approba-
tion of the Court, M. Muhlenfels received for answer,
that the Members of the Tribunal felt themselves
bound to submit to the rescript of the King himself,
*which had been produced in Court, after that of the
Minister of Police had been resisted ; but that they
would take every method of remonstrating against it
to the Ministry of Justice. The transference of the
accused from Cologne to Berlin being irrevocably
determined on by the Government, an order was
given for his departure on the '2oth of September.
He, therefore, left Cologne on that day, accompanied
by an Officer of Gendarmerie, having, before his de-
parture, procured the insertion of the following Pro-
' test on the protocol of the proceedings .:
« It is, then, irrevocably resolved to withdraw me
from my ordinary, only competent Judges, and to re-
move me to Berlin to be carried before a Ministerial
Commission. No regard has been paid to my appeal
to the laws in vigour in these territories, nor to my
reclamation, opposition, and denunciations founded
on the law.
" No means have, then, been found to protect me
from the violence of Administration, administered by
the Police itself, but a respectable General Assembly
of the Royal Court of Appeal has remonstrated to the
Superior Authority. In consequence of this proceed-
ing, that respectable Court has declared that my. re-
moval to Berlin is contrary to law, and that the deci-
sion of the law is in my favour.
" History will soon judge whether the Judicial
Authoritiesof Prussia merit eulogy, for having main-
tained the irindependence? It will know how to ap-
preciate the fact, that so celebrated a College did not
dare to oppose the arbitrary orders of a Minister—
a Minister who ought to respect the law as much as
any Jude. Is there a law which authorizes Minis-
ters to violate the laws? Certainly not ; no such law
,is to be found in Christian Europe.
66 If a Minister, by his acts, place himself above
the law, he still remains of right subject to it. A
Christian Minister, in Europe, is no Sovereign : other-
wise how many overeigns should we have in Prus-
sia! If, hitherto, we have not enjoyed a Constitution
in Prussia, the citizens are not, on that account, de-
prived of the protection of the law ; but every one is
placed out of the protection of the law, whose rights
litre no longer respected, and who can no longer ren-
der them available for redress.
" This is contrary to the will of the King, for he
never could have so willed. He commands respect
for the laws, and is the first to pay homage to them.
He is penetrated with the recollection of his illus-
trious ancestor, Frederick 11. who declared from his
Throne, that he was the first servant of the State, that
is to say, of the law.
66 Orders emanating from the King ought to be
executed within the limits of the law ; if its bounda-
ries are overstepped, it must, necessarily, be admitted,
either that the King has been led into error, and then
it is the duty of his faithful servants to call his atten-
tion to that error ; or that those who execute the or-
ders fail in their duty in not representing to his Ma-
jesty the impropriety of such proceedings, and de-
manding the punishment of the iniquitous Counsellors.
" But in no case ought a citizen to be the victim
of the violation of the law : for where there is wis-
dom, courage cannot be wanting to protect citizens
against every arbitrary act. It is for this reason we
live under the empire of the laws, and for this reason
also, Magistrates are bound to be their safeguard.—
Citizens, -knowing no authority except the laws, have
none else to fear, unless we have the boldness to ad-
mit, that they fear-men more than GOD.
" On these grounds I ventured to hope, that the
Court of Appeal would have pronounced my oppo-
sition well founded. In such a case it was to be ex-
pected that the proceedings of that Tribunal would
have been in favour of the maintenance of the law ;
btit I laboured under an illusion.
66 I am then delivered up to the caprice of power ;
abandoned not by the law, for it is eternal and in-
violable in its principles but by those who are the
safeguards of the law.
In such an unfortunate situation, I place my sole
confidence in that UNIVERSAL POWER, in that Eter-
nal Rock of Truth, which human wisdom and all its
measures, like the %yawls, in vain assail. I therefore
'do that which I ought not to omit doing, and which
is acting consistently, since it is founded on this un-
shaken confidence in GOD. I solemnly protest against
my illegal removal and conveyance to Berlin. I am
aware that no attention will be paid to my Protest,
but it will demonstrate my unalterable resolution,
and the sovereign:abomination with which I regard
every kind of arbitrary power. It will, perhaps, light
up some sparks of truth in the souls of rny persecu-
tors. The grounds on which this Protest is made
are the following :
66 I • Law is given for the security of the liberty
and property of Citizens ; it is of equal force for and
against every individual in the State, and conse-
quently for and against the Ministers also—for a
Minister is nothing more than a human being be-
come a Citizen.
" This is the sense of the law ; this is the will of
his Majesty the King.
66 2. Even though a Supreme Order, emanating

•

.r• ; ,
•

EN -I'llN •

from the Cabinet (but Which has not been made
kdown to the Authorities here), should approve, be-
forehand, of all the-proCeedings of the Minister of
the High Police, such an approval would by no
means authorize illegal actions ; on the contrary,
nth an approbation would prove the confidence of
a good King, who supposes that his Minutiar will
never overstep the limits Of the law.
4, This cannot be called in question, for l.is Majesty
has, in his wisdom, dulyconsideteci, that it is a prin-
ciple dangerous to pAlicstafety to admit that the
means employed are justified by the object which is.
expected to be attained from them.
" 3. If the confidence of the King be notoriously
abused, it is the duty of every judicial authority, and
of every faithful servant of the State, firmly to oppose
arbitrary ministerial acts. If this be not done, the

lives and liberties of the Citizen arc every moment
exposed to the caprice of a Minister of Police. Fur
the road being once laid out and successfully put-
sued, the High Minister of Police may at length go
so far, that he would be no longer bound by laws,
judgments, and public opinion; that he would be no
longer subject to any judicial penal power ; and he
may think proper to conclude the grand spectacle
which the Police is performing in this Inquisition by
the tragical catastrophe of decapitations, Ice. My
head may be required for the representation ; and if
the law be violated, and the legal mode of investiga.
tion abandoned, to decapitate me would be the short-
est and least beaten course.
" Would the President and Privy Counsellor of
State, and the General Assembly, at last, firmly op-
pose my illegal decapitation ?
" Do I enjoy the beneficiumilebille, which they
would make ye quasi bene fiesta, of the4emonstrances
to the Superior Authorities?
" The Servants of the Law are neither serfs nor •
e aecutioners, and, neverthelesso the consequence of
the one to the other is the elementary principle of all
ludicial authority. lam unable to resolve this con-

tradiction.
" 4. My arrest was illegal, as I have ebewhere
proved, and as a superior authority has.also acknow-
ledged it to be.
" My removal to Berlin is still more illegal and
arbitrary ; for—
" In the first place, I was removed by order of
the Minister of Police, who, not having the power of
keeping me under arrest for upwards of ten days,
could not have the power of removing me to Berlin.
2dly. No accusation was brought forward, on
which competentiuns foci could be founded against
me at Berlin ; at least, no such accusation was made
'l.known to me ; the Privy Counsellor of State Daniels
is also unable to acquaint me with it.
" The whole is enveloped in the dark mysterious
veil of Police secrecy. But let us admit for a mo-
ment, that such an accusation existed; the compe-
tent judicial authority of this place can alone, after
the substantiation of sufficient cause, issue orders for
my extradition At the present moment, therefore,
there can be no question respecting the sufficiency
of cruse.
" 5. As every citizen is required to obey the laws,
and as it is particularly the duty and vocation of
every public functionary to watch over the mainte.
nance of the laws submitted to his charge, so my
duty requires that I, who am still the Substitute of
the King's Procureur at Cologne, should depose this
Protest conformably to the law, for I fear GOD more
than man, and I should not have deviated from that
course, but that I am compelled to yield to power.
" Finally, I solemnly declare that no earthly power,
not even the axe of the executioner, nor the applica-
tion of torture, shall force me to reply to questions
which are put to me by illegal authorities. I may
be broken, but I will never bend.
" It is true that my heart was oppressed before I
entered a dungeon; where I perceive only traces of
the footsteps of those who have entered, and not of
those who have gone out.
" But HE, before whose course the stars tremble,
and whose breath breaks sceptres like rushes, and
bows down crowns like flowers, GOD, the powerful
and everlasting GoD, will inspire me with strength.
" I am without fear, HEAVEN knows ; but a fore-
boding of the horrors of entombment in the cells of
Berlin, makes my heart shudder.
" The cause must be looked for in the illegal
treatment to which I am subjected.
• " Were it possible to account for one's forebodings
after a logical method, I should perhaps say, that to
those who are struck with the hand of the Holy. In-
quisition there is no deliverance in this world. The
High Police Authority treats me as the Order of St.
Hermandad would do; ergo—But I have read the
:following inscription on an ancient sword—
" A good conscience in all things gives us strength and courage."
The Privy Counsellor of State, Daniels, here ob-
served and dictated in the Proces Verbal—
., That it was by no means iatended to induce the Substitute
de 111ahlenfels to abandon his Minions on this examination ; but
that he must remind him, that he was suspected, as wtll
as
several others,of having been a member of a union tending-to
subvert the overnments of Germany, by measures of violence.
That it was nevertheless true, that the French law (yet in force)
did not acknowledge an examination directed by the Police,
like this examination of the Substitute de Ilublenfels ; but at
the same time, that the principles had not always been adhered
to in France ; and if it were not wished at Berlin to maintain
that law, a subordinate Authori:y would not in that case possess
the right of deciding and passing judgment on such proceedings."
Muhlenfels declared, with respect to these obser-
vations in the Proces Verbal—
" That as to the first head, no recollection of any such inch 1-
patio° having been brought forward in the investigation which
has hitherto taken place, which would establish a competent fo-
rum against him at Berlin, the queefions hitherto put to bins by
the Privy Counsellor of State mai have no reference to the
subversion of the l'russian or any other Government, if it be
admitted that Berlin was the fonts of a conspiracy.
" That as to the second observation, he must confess that, tin-
der the tyranny of Napoleon, Article 401 of the Constitution of
the Year 8, had certainly been several tinsel violated ; but that
the Authorities had not on all these occasions to reproach them-
selves for the violation: that no citizen balker could, op that ac-
count, renounce his rights; and that abuses never cevld affeid •
reason fur maintaining sbuers Vidivid•Jal liberty."

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\,rfLagefellNG STAB,

LONDON.

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1819.
TFIE•FUNDS.-
OF STOCKS THIS DAY All ONE O'CLOCK :
Bank Stock 218
3 per Cent. Reduced 67168 ex. div.
3 per Cent. Consoh 6411
4 per Cent. 8511 ex. div.
5 per Cent. Navy 10311
Bank Long Annuities 17 15-16
India' Stock 210
Exchequer Bills (2d.) par 2s. dis.
Omnium, s pre. par.
Consols for Nov. 6811 691 69.

This being Settling Day, the 'Change was crowded
Carly. The variation during this Account has not
been more than 31 per Cent. and, therefore, the dif-
ferences are not so heavy as they were the two last
Accounts. No Defaulter was declared up to one
o'clock; but the Market looks extremely heavy.
Consols began this morning at 65.4, and one great
Bull House has been selling to an immense amount.
'or the November Account, Consuls are 63.

It is expected that CARLILES trial, of which we
have given the continuation till our hour of going to
Press, will be finished this day.

In our fourth page we have given a full account
of the Meeting at Carlisle on Monday last. The Ma •
gistrates wer n attendance to maintain the public
peace, but ga no inter uption to the Meeting, which
dispersed very quietly after the business for which it
had assembled was gone through.

The Paris Papers of Monday arrived this forenoon.
They quote a notification issued by the Board of
Quarantine of Copenhagen, according to which Cadiz,
Constantinople, Algiers, Tunis, Morocco, Smyrna,
Alexandria, Narrenta (in Dalmatia), and the Isle of,
Corfu, are declared to be infected with the Plague ;
and all the Potts of the Mediterranean and Adriatic,
the Ports of Turkey, Barbary, the West Indies, and
South America, to be suspected.

The Elector of Ilesse has published an Address to
" his beloved subjects," in which he communicates
to them the appointment by the German Diet of the
Central Committee at Alen:T., for the investigation of
attempts against the public tranquillity, informs
them, that the Committee ate empowered, not only
to demand the arrest of suspected persons, but also
to have them conveyed to Menu, there to remain
until the termination or the investigation respecting
them, and their sentence has been pronounced, and
informs them. that he is not only ready to assist in
carrying the views of the Diet into execution, but will
also declare such of them as shall be found guilty of
engaging in seditious n.,nd treasonable Associations,
unworthy of the fleEtian name, outcasts from his
people, and to have forfeited the lights of citizenship.
Whether the measures of the German Sovereigns
will be attended with the results which they evi-
dently expect from them is a point which we may
well doubt. Persecution is not the way to put down
either religi.nis or political opinions. The discon-
tent, or rather disaffection, already great, will be
very much heightened by the dreadful Inquisition'
about to be established.

The French are by no means itdifferent spectators
of these transactions in Germany. They see that the
Sovereigns of that country have for ever deprived
themselves of the means of becoming formidable to,
them. The Constitutionnel observes—" The Ultra-
Monarchists threaten us with foreign bayonets. But
the times are changed ; it was not with their armies
that the Kings of Europe invaded France, it was with
their people ; it was with the enthusiasm of indepen-
dence, and the hopes of liberty. Their Ministers have
deprived them of these resources, which are all now
on one side.

" What Prince would now be rash enough to send
his armies against the French people, whose courage
misfortune could not cast down ; and who would
take arms, not to defend despotism, but to maintain
their liberty ? Would not every soldier be a hero ?
Would not all those veterans of glory, who are in-
flamed at the very name of country, and who breathe
only for honour, fly to the field of battle? No--
Prancefears noforeigners—she respects the indepen-
dence of the people of other countries, and is able to
cause tier own independence to be respected."

Yesterday, the Duke of WELLINGTON bad an au-
dience of the PRINCE REGENT at Carlton House.

A Morning Paper states, as a rumour„ gaining
ground, that Lord SIDMOUTII is to be sacrificed to
the indignation of the country, and that Lord CoL-
etrarrza is pointed out as his successor." We know
not on what authority this statement rests : the ru-
mour has probably but a very slight foundation.
E..ton Hail, in Cheshire, the noble seat of the Earl
of GnosvEmon, is, at this time, the seat of much gaiety,
in consequence of the recent marriage of Lord BEL-
GRAVE; amongst the persons of distinction now on a
visit there, are the Maiquis and Marchioness of Sr Av-
ivito, and Sir R. and Lady Ramie.
The Requisition for the Cumberland Meeting,
signed by 136 of the principal landholders and
people of property, praying the SarRLFI to call a
Meeting of the Nobility, Clergy, Gentry, and Free-
holders, to be holden at Wigton, was acceded to by
the Stumm who appointed Wednesday, the 13th
instant (yesterday) for the said Meeting.

F - ..

MR. CARLrLE'S TRIAL•
V•Rof..•
COURT OF KING'S BENCH, GUILDHAU.
SECOND DAY--(Coatinued from the firAs of ytiterday.)

Mr. CARLILE, after alluding to the
.doctrines of
Johanna Southcote, and others who had not been pro-
secuted,
proceeded to read an account of the life of
Martin Luther ; and observed, that if he was to be
punished for his publications, those who persecuted
'-Luther were justified in their conduct. Luther had
opposed the established Religion of his country; but
it happened, unfortunately for him, that before the
Pope could get hold of him, he obtained the protec-
tion of the Elector of Saxony. He would not com-
pare his humble efforts to those of Luther, if they
were not exerted in the same cause—the promotion
of truth. Like Luther, he would rather persist in his
course than retract what he conceived to be truth;
and he hoped he should find the Jury disposed to pro-
tect him against the Attorney-General, as the Elector
of Saxony had protected Luther against the Church of
Rome. He did not ask them to adopt his opinion ; but
if they were convinced that his object was fair inves-
tigation and the search of truth, they would not,
surely, turn him over to the Attorney-General ?
Had their ancestors not resisted superstition, the Jury
would not be now sitting in that box, and he would
have been delivered up to the Inquisition for his opi-
nions. Look to Spain—there they would see the
effects of an Inquisition. He would ask them what
was the state of morals in that and other countries
where the same system was followed ? There assassins
were protected by the Clergy, and the patriot who
wished to deliver his country from oppression was
sent to the scaffold. There the Jury would see the
effects of an established religion supported by law.
He then repeated his argument, that the late Act of
Parliament protected persons holding his opinions as
well as Unitarians. He could not conceive how a
declaration of disbelief could be called blasphemy.
He was prosecuted for not believing facts, for the truth
of which he could not find evidence sufficient to con-
vince his mind. It was rather too much to try to
compel him to believe what he could not believe. It
surely was a great hardship to say, that a maR was
to be punished for 'denying a proposition which he
thought repugnant to his reason, even if that denial
be founded in error. lie then referred 'to the Gos-
pels of St. Matthew and St. Luke, to shew that they
had given diff,!rent accounts of the birth of Christ.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL again appealed to the
Court.

The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE did not understand what
object the defendant could have in the reference he
was making.

Mr. CARLILE thought he was justified in the re-
ference, from its connexien with a passage in The
Age of Reason, for which he was indicted: it related
to that part of the Scripture which a particular sect
was now allowed by law to reject.

'The Loan CnirF JUSrIFE•-" But not to revile."
Mr. CARLILE.—" To reject a thing as false is not
revile it."

After some further observatiens, his Lordship &-
sized the defendant to proceed, but hoped that he
would keep within the bounds of moderation,
Mr. CARLILE then referred to the Unitarian edi-
don of the New Testament, in which whole passages
were omitted, on the ground of their being false.—
Here he quoted Revelations, chap. iiii. v. 18 and 19:
For I testify unto every man that heareth the words
of the prophecy of this book, if any man shall add
unto these things, Goy shall add unto him the plagueA
that are written in this book. And if any man shall
take away from the words of this book of the pro-
phecy, GOD shall take away his part out of the book
of life," &c. Ncw the Unitarians has e actually taken
away and rejected a great part of the New Testament.
In his opinion, to reject the Trinity was to take away
Christianity. The Unitarian, indeed, appeared to be
nothing but a Deist under a cloak. lie intended to
have prepared to-morrow to shew that there were
fifty Gospels OK isting before the Council of Nice, but
in consequence of his chain of defence being broken,
he could not go on. His only wish for discussion
was to ascertain the truth ; but it appeared that there
was no desire to confute him; all that was wanted
was to punish him. Could the truth of Christianity
be proved by any penalty which he might endure ?
It had also been his intention to introduce to the Jury
the Works of Bolingbroke, Gibbon, and Hume, and
to shew that they had gone as far as Paine with im-
punity, Gibbon had done insidiously what Paine
had done openly and honestly. Hume had advo-
cated Atheism, while Paine's Works were full of ele-
vated sentiments on the character of the DEITY, and
the soundest morality. Why was he denied the right
of justifying his belief? If the Attorney-General had
not sofnething to fear from the effects of that justifi-
cation, would he shelter himself under the Statute of
William and Mary, or under the Common Law,
which was founded on the mere dictum of any Judge?
There was, however, a written Law, a Statute, to
which he appealed, but he was denied the benefit of
it. Had it not been for that Statute, he would not,
as he had already said, have
_published The Age of
-Itea;on. That Statute, he coz!ended, was the tolera-
tion of Deism. As he had been deranged in his de-
fence, he thought it would be but justice for the
Court to adjourn till to-morrow morning, to give him
tinre for fresh preparation.

The LORD CHILE JUSTICE.—" For what other pur-
pose do you wish the Court to adjourn ?"
Mr. CARLILE said, he intended to call a number
of witnesses.

The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE had again and again
stated, that no defence which tended to deny the Di-
vine authority of the Christian Religion could be ad-
mitted. If Hnme or Gibbon were to be referred to
for that purpose, neither could be read. The evidence
of witnesses for the same purpose was liable to the
like objection; and as for the moral character of the
defendant, that was not in question.
Mr. CARI.ILE wished to call different sectaries;
because, in stating their opinions, the Jury would see
how diffetent the grounds of their belief were. He
would also have called Jews and Mahomedans.
The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE could not permit per-
sons of different sects to come there to give an ac-
' count of their faith ; still less could he allow any to
stand up and deny the Christian Religion. He could
see no object in calling such evidence, unless it was

for the purpose of drawing a conclusion which he
could not permit the defendant to come to. His
Lordship afterwards observed, that the question*ast
Whether the book for which the defendant was hi-
dicted was a lawful, calm, dispassionate inquiry, or a
book of calumny and reviling?
Mr. CARLILE intended to bring witnesses to shew
that there were essential differences between the ori-
ginal Scriptures and the Translation. Mr Bellamy,
he observed, gave it as his opinion, that the passages
objected to by Paine were not in the original.
The Loan CHIEF JUSTICE again remnided the de-
fendant, that the book he was indicted for did not
question the accuracy of the translation of the Scrip-
tures, but charged the whole as false.
Mr. CARLILE said, he intended to bring Locke and
other authors to shew the necessity of toleration, and
requested the Court to adjourn for tbitt purpose.
The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE observed, that tolera-
tion was allowed by law. But if the defendant wished
to produce authors to shew that the Christian Reli-1
gion might be denied, that could not be allowed. If
the evidence was of this character, it was inadmis-
sible; and if of the other, the defendant would not
suffer by the want of it, because that toleration was
conceded to him.

After much further observation,
Mr. CARLILE said he had a great deal of impor-
tant matter to introduce in his defence, but that the
interruption he had experienced had deranged him.
He was also quite exhausted, having tasted nothing
but water all day.
The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE said, he could not ad-
journ unless the defendant shewed that the matter
he wished to introduce was relevant to his defence.
He was placed in a very painful situation, between
his wish to grant indulgence to the defendant, and
the consideration, that, as an English Jude, he could
not suffer the truth of the Christian Religion to be
impugned. The defendant had, unfortunately, con-
sumed his strength in a struggle to introduce into
his defence matter which was inadmissible.
After some further conversation,
The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE inquired, whether the
Ju

try wished to adjourn?
The Jury intimated that they did.

An adjciurnment was then consented to, upon a
pledge being given by Mr. CARLILE that he would
not seek to introduce into the conclusion of his de-
fence any matter which had been decided by the
Court to be inadmissible.

Adjourned to half-past nine this morning.

THIRD DAY.

The Court Was more crowded this morning than it
was yesterday.
As soon as Mr. CARLILE made his appearance,
Mr. Sheriff PARKYNS rose, and addressed him :
" Mr. Carlile--I have been given to understand that
you have met with some interruption in getting into
Court certain books you require for your defence.
Will you inform me by whom you have been inter-
rupted? It is painful to have such an imputation
thrown on the Court, after the great attention which
has been paid to secure order."
Mr. CARLILE explained, that he had, indeed, been
thrown into great embarrass lent on Tuesday, for the
want of some books which he requited ; but that he
had since found, that two partels of books, which he
chiefly missed, had been left in a hackney coach by
the persons whom he had entrusted to bring them to
Court.

Mr. Sheriff PARRYNS was glad at the explanation
that had been given, that it might not go forth to
the world that any obstacle had been thrown in the
way of the defendant.
Mr. Sheriff Rornwetr. appealed tt) Mr. Carlile,
whether he had not personally stated to him his
anxiety to do every thing he could for his accom-
modation ?
Mr. CARLILE bowed his assent.
Mt. HUNT had, by this time, entered the Court)
and placed himself on the right of Mr. CARLILE.
The Orme JUSTICE shortly afterwards took his
seat on the Bench. He was followed from the Judges'
Room by the High Priest of the Jews, who was ac-
commodated with a seat beside the Sheriffs. The
Archbishop of CANtEREVRY is also in attendance,
but remains in the Judges' Room.
The Jury having been called over, and impanelled,
Mr. CARLILE rose—
" Gentlemen of the Jurrnia stand pledged to ab•
stain from any farther observations on the Old and
New Testaments, which may be offensive to the most
scrupulous believer in Court, excepting only such as
I am absolutely obliged by this prosecution to make.
11 fear much that my want of practice in public speak-
ing, and my previous habits of life, may have dis-
qualified me from delivering those sentitnents which
I intended to convey to you, with that order and clear-
ness which I could have wished ; yet I cannot help
thinking, that had I not met with so many annoying
interruptions, I should not have offended so much
in these respects as I am apprehensive I did.
have all along felt, and I still feel, that I am
an object of prejudice and misrepresentation—that
I am marked out as a victim, for openly believing
certain opinions to be true, and'publishing them, be-
cause I believe them to be so. If my defence has'
not been of the best order, I flatter myself that it,
must at least have been such as to shew you the
purity of the motives by which I am actuated ; that
I am not a wicked, a malicious, or an evil disposed
man, merely because I have published the Theolo-
gical Works of Thomas Paine. Most deeply do I
deplore, that I haVe not that eloquence which might
give to the truth all that persuasive force of which
it is susceptible; but it 'is no more in my power to
command the gift of speaking . as I c )uld wish,
than it is in the power yf the. Attorney-General
to make me think as he desires.---.lf t have

succeeded in convincing you of the sincerity -f
heart, I have done all that I wish. I shall ha
dane my duty : it will remain with you to do your
Before, however, proceeding to deliberate on si,;;;,t
,you have heard, I entreat you to remember the gnu
solemnity of the subject on which you are air(' upon
to give your decision. .I entreat you to rem
that all the advantages which have been ever

to society, have been gained by men of horectv and
sincerity—gained by them ftom the clutches

and the grasp of the oppressor. CHRIST hill): ;C:
a Refol nner—a great sufferer for cnizscience

CIiRIST himself was prosecuted for blaspLemy; and,
as there was no Trial by Jury in Jerusalem, the At.
torney-General of the day got a Judge to cord
,m 1
tai lhaytt edtneiiinnoo:iettnrehdo,
him to death. Yes, Gentlemen, the very Foimeer or
Christianity was executed for opposing the EstaEho:.
ed Religion of the country in which he lived
Remember, too, Gentlemen, that every man who ha.
conferred
ehde,ir benefitrbeevsitleidn
to:nraensdt
smankind,interests,
rssecbeeubtnye
edenlul
aasttatockt
have struggled the longest, who have cc-Serred the
greatest blessings on society, have always been those
who have suffered the most. In me, Gentlemen, )ca
see but an humble individual—the humblest among
the humble of my countrymen—but you see one uha
is acting from the purest motives. For me there is
neither hope nor expectation of reward. I look not
up to office; I aspire not after place of emolument.
No, Gentlemen !—As things go, even the laced hat and
coat of a parish beadle would, on any occasion, far
rather be given to the most dissolute and worthlel
hypocrite that ever breathed, than to a man who has
the honesty to think for himself, and the courage to
tell others what he thinks. You see me, Gentlemen,
as I am, without the slightest disguise. Not a word
of deception have I made use of in the course of my
defence. I have endeavoured to make my ob;ec!
throughout as clear to you as the sun at noon day
I have laid my heart open to you—you may hare
read it, as the Public have read my pttblcations. To
you, Gentlemen, I now make my final appeal. I
appeal to you, not as men merely: I have brcught
with me several Works, written by men of the Chrs-
tian Faith, in passages extracted from which I shal
appeal to you as Christians. One word, howeser,
before I proceed, as to the restriction which has been
imposed on my line of defence by the Ct
I have not been permitted, Gentlemen, to go ir.:o
certain evidence, which I considered, and do still
consider, as absolutely essential to that defence ; bu:
I do say, that this trial will be no ether than
solemn mockery, unless you, Gentlemen of the Jury,
can imagine to yourselves all the course which I
meant to pursue—unless you can suppose, in rest
minds, and give du. weight to, all I wt,uld have sal,?,
but was not permitted to say. I feel, Gc
very sensible of the patient attention with
you have heard me; I fear I have trespassed too
much upon your indulgence, but I hope I shall net
do so now, in the very little that I have got to add.
—I believe, Gentlemen, that this prosecution will be
the last at the kind instituted in this country. There
has been, during the last century, a growing sense of
the impolicy and folly of prosecuting such works ai
the Age of Reason ; but those are always the last to
learn who would be most benefited by experience.
Crown Lawyers are bad judges of the progress of
human improvement. While others are speedin; as
giants in the race of knowledge, Lawyers stand fixed
as mile-stones by the way-side. Gentlemen, I 1:all
now crave your attention to the sentiments of some
of the Christian Authors to whom I have before al-
luded. The first is the Rev. Mr. Evans, who, Irl as
excellent little work, of which many thousand: xe
sold annually—his History of the different Dencmi-
nations of Religion—thus expresses himself—:llre
Mr. Carlile read a couple of pages from Mr. EVIVS
work, the import of which was, that in Mr. Eran“
opinion Deism should not be prosecuted .:-1 e
next, Gentlemen, to request your attention to
Essay, by the Rev. Dr. Enfield, on the questirn—
Ought freed, m of enquiry to be restrained
It is headed with the following motto, wllch i'•
believe, a quotation from the Bishop of LiandaE, the
Author of the Apology for the Bikk•••= GOD forbid
that the search after truth should be punished from
any fear of the consequences.' "
The defendant, after he had made numerous qvo-
tations from this Essay, stated, that it might not be
unnecesary at that Moment to mention that, in Ame-
rica Paine's Works were in very general circulation;
and even in our learned Institutions in this country
copies were to be seen and read by all who had ac-
cess to them. He then quoted largely from a v-c-:
upon the Inquisition and a history of the persecut:o,3
of the Christians, in the latter of which the character
of our SAVIOUR was drawn with much eloquence.
Mr. Carlile then proceeded to observe, that his pro-
secutors were, in his firm opinion, under some extra-
ordinary influence. He believed the Learned Jude
was opposed to the plan of bringing the matter o;:o
Court, and, from his knowledge of the Attorne;
General's views upon the question, nothing, he
sure, could be farther from that Law Offico.,
thoughts, than the wish tc, appear prominent i
conducting the prosecution. The natural intmena
to be drawn from the proceeding adopted Iva,'
that the Attorney-General, as well as the Judl
was the mere instrument of some other
The situation iu which he (Mr. Guide; swots •
indeed, an extraordinary one; for he was

1 II •
4

rf pm!.
ha., pt
your),
e gror
•dnixa a
member ,
gain . is
ms.ty and
rowel, 't
.1
*m.e.— e
11Y ; and, ,S(
the At.: s!
or.ds.:trn IE
ander
stahi h. en
ived.--
who ha:d
ng them a
nonnced,
iose who
erred the e
een those
men, )ca
A among-
one uhn 111
e there is 1
look not •a
nolument. e.
:d hat and
asion, fa;
worthlel
n who has
outage to .1
entlemen, im
of a word
Itse of my
my Wet.:
noon day
may have
ltiOns. To
appeal. I •
re brought
the Chr:s.
licit I si.al
, however,
:It has been
e Court.—
to go into •
nd do stiil
fence m bu:
ier than
>f the Jury,
se which I
se, in ycsr
have said,
Gentlemen,
Nith uhiLh
;passed too
I shall net
got to add.
tion will be
tty. Them
ing sense of
:h works as
m the last to
experience.
progtess of
speedin; as
stand fixed
men, I scall
its of some
a before al-
who, in an
Dusands axe
nt
elf—:llere
Nit. Evni'S
tfim. Er arc'l
e
ttion to :ma
questien—
rst,-ained • '
which is. I
land aE, the
30D forbid
hhed from
erntis gm:m-
ight not be
at, in Ante-
:im culation ;
his counts}
ho had az-
om a ..-crk
wrsecutV:a
e character
eloquence.
lat his pro-
;o extra-
riled Judse
matter ist:o
Attorne;•-
ng,
w Officmmr
eminent m
rl inference
opted vas.
the Judge
mmtluemice.—
stood ' •
t..