The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1852-02-10 00:00:00

rs, the whole Purr) at the
heen under £360, or less

hat we recor

'lnt the next report will s

)re in proportion to the zreatness

Pod is not to be mea

There are services which mnney
,ard, and theca have been liberally

• •
Ragged School movement, must carry It on—and that
nrinnird. ;0 L:

lie pious and devoted in the cause of the out-
The Ragged School Teacher,
by kindness alone can he To the EDITOR of the LIVERPOOL STANDARD.
'of ragged scholars. By SlR,—Would it not be advisable in the above illustrious
stubborn spirit even of the Italian if he had by his side a competent translator to give the
I forth affection in return, senseoftheoration,in the in terlinear style? The plan was adopted
and will win from evil many a young heart, which, but when Dr. Achilli gave an address at the Music-hall, in Liverpool,
* for him, would never have known that there is such a
tsPiomsee
n who me ago, and must have afforded high satisfaction to
otherwise could not have understood a sentence of
i
thing in the world as Christian sympathy and Christian his address
love. We could appeal to numberless instances of The epito.
me system is not satisfactory, except to those con-
hearts thus won, and we are persuaded that the expe- versant with Italian; and, though alternating with the trans-
rience of every faithful and devoted Ragged School lator, Padre Gavazzi would lose nothing of the interest which
teacher will confirm the same, his manner gives to his oration, while nineteen-twentieths of his
The Union does not take the management or responsi-
bearers would be gratified with sense rather than dumb show.
I make these remarks from a conviction that something of
bility of any one school. The members of its committee . this kind is indispensable to the right appreciation' of
-4,,,1s established by the clergy and others. 4 the talents, matter, and manner of the distinguished Italian
1 who is denominated Padre Gavazzi.
A CONSTANT READER.

hearts. o

st and for

tten ones

FATHER GAVA ZZ I

too, must remember t

kind-less hE

ect their contl

)n, encourage, adviSe, give the benefit
, and supply information of what is
The support thus rendered is beyond
beyond all praise. To carry out effi-

February, 1852.

MASTS, SPARS, AND SAILS FOR YACHTS AND

FAST-SAILING SCHOONERS.

To the EDITOR of the LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

SlR,—Since our crack yachts were beaten by the "America,"
great interest appears to be taken in the cut of sails to stand
flat by the wind. Nothing but prejudice has kept the principle
so long in abeyance in this country. An English genius, wish-
ing to det'elope his ideas, too frequently finds his plans more
readily adopted in other countries, especially in the United
States ; and, to the credit of the Americans be it said, that no
invention, having a practical bearing, fails to receive their
patronage when properly developed, regardless of expense.
But in this country it too frequently happens that " what
answered the purpose ix our grandfathers' time must, of
course, do in these days,"—to wit, " the difficulty (until very
lately) in persuading the authorities of our naval yards to adopt
new methods in the outfit of ships of war."
I have for many years endeavoured to persuade owners and
masters of yachts and schooners in the fruit trade that the
application of sails cut perfectly flat, and laced to the boom,
would give the vessels increased speed, whether off the wind or
close hauled ; but prejudice has hitherto stepped in, and said
" No ;" and never until John Bull was beaten was the prin-
ciple :ocpreciated. I ha., made sails lately which have deci-
dedly turned opinion (however partial) in favour of fiat cut sails,
&c. lam quite certain the exclusion of gaffs in fore and aft
vessels, would be still more advantageous than even the plan
adopted on board the yacht America, by the substitution of
shoulder of mutton sails.

Now, suppose a maingaff, only half the length of the boom,
hanging away to leeward 30 degrees, the gafftopsail being set
over the mainsail, we find that in order to make the head of the
mainsail and gafftopsail stand to the wind, it is necessary to
keep the boom so close in over the lee quarter, that the pro-
pelling power of a great portion of the mainsail is destroyed
by the unequal pressure of the wind on its surface, which, in-
stead of lifting and forcing the vessel on with a moderate list,
tends to press the lee side down in the water, and hence im-
pede the prO7,ress. Every practical man knows that a vessel
was never built to sail on her broadside. Now take the weight
of the maingaff alone, elevated as it is from 35 feet and :up-
wards from the deck, the leverage is very great in proportion to
the weight of the spar blocks, &c., especially when hanging away
to leeward. In the plan I would adopt this would be obviated,
and you could give the boom the same latitude as you now give
the gaff, and every inch of canvass would bear a uniform pres-
sure, and, of course, pull equally. From practical knowledge,
I must say, that a great deal depends upon the position and
rake of the masts, according to the lines of the vessel, as upon
the cut of the sails—a sound knowledge of the principles of
so placing the masts and spars, and to cut the sails for vessels
of every rig, so as to give to each sail its proper proportion of
sheets and braces, and the security of equal pressure fore and
aft, is certainly worth knowing.—l remain, Sir, your obedient
servant, WILLIAM SHORT.
8, Strand-street, Liverpool, Feb. 9, 1852.

GUILD OF LITERATURE AND ART.

To the EDITOR of the LIVERPOOL STANDARD,

SIR,-1 request your insertion of the enclosed copy of a letter
to 1:1'. uspratt, on the subject of the amateur performance at
the Philharmonic hall.—Yours truly, W. R. COPELAND.

TO DR. MCSPRATT,

MY DEAR SlR,—When you applied to some months since
respecting my charge for the use of the Theatre•Royal for one
night, on the occasion of the visit of " the Amateur Company
of the Guild of Literature and Art,'?. I replied that the charge
would be fifty pounds, including alrexpenses. 1 now perceive
that the performance of the above amateur company is adver-
tised to take place at the Philharmonic-hall. I beg leave to
protest against this illegal course, not only as the town of Liver-
pool possesses one of the best appointed and handsomest
theatres out of London ; but I must consider the preference
s!ven to the hall as injuri9tis to the true interests of the drama
in Liverpool, while it is insulting to the lessees of the regular
establishments, whetherin the metropolis or elsewhere. If the
preference of which I complain is adopted for the sake of eco-
nomy (and therefore .presuming that the use of the Philhar-
monic-hall is granted gratuitously,) allow me to state that in
the event of my proposition inducing the company to change
the arena for their performance, I will not only give the use of
the Theatre-Royal for the purpose, but pay all ,the incidental
expenses of the night, provided the amateur company will an-
nounce a second representation for the benefit of one, or all, of
our local charities, and meet me in the same spirit with which
I advance to them, by giv:ng the entire imeipt3 of the second
rprrnrmance without any deduction for their personal expenses.
The second performance to take place on any night most con-
venient to the company. I think it a duty I owe to the Liver-
pool public and myself to make my proposition known through
the medium of the press, as I cannot suppose that the intel-
lectual gentlemen composing the Amateur Company of the
Guild, when they adopt the actor's calling to raise funds for
their charity, in preference to exerting their great talents in
their own walks of literature and art, can wish to throw a slight
upon the proper temples of the drama.—Yours obediently,

W.
Theatre-Royal, Liverpool, Jan. 26, 1852,

R. COPELKSID

In consequence of the heavy fall of rain on Monday in
the neighbourhood of Carlisle, the river Eden and all its
tributaries have been swollen to an extent beyond the re-
collection of any living person, and it is feared that great
damage has been done to adjoining property.

A rag dealer in Dumfries last week purchased, by
weight, a heavy bundle of rags from a woman who
brought it in a wheelbarrow. It came to is. 6d., which
was paid, and the woman disappeared. A few minutes
afterwards a boy made his appearance from the middle of
the bundle, and escaped, before the rag dealer had the pre-
sence of mind to stop him.
TRAFFIC RETURNS.—The traffic returns for the week
ending the 2d instant, on the undermentioned English
lines of railway, are as follows : 1852. 1851.

London and North Western...... £39,828 .. £59,160
Midland .. 20,608 .. 20,127
Lancashire and Yorkshire........ 15,111 . • 13,202
London and South Western. .... 6,617 .. 8,055
London and Brighton 7,728 .. 7,959
Great Western o. .
South Eastern..
York and North Midland .
Manches.,Sheffield, & Lincolnshire 6,316 .. 5,957
Bristol and Exeter
York, Newcastle, and Berwick 14,074 .. 12,827
Shrewsbury and Chester
Shrewsbury and Birmingham..., 509 • • 502
Eastern Counties and Norfolk
Great Northern
Chester and Holyhead
North Staffordshire
Leeds Northern 909 .. 833
South Devon.
The total receipts on the above lines being £185,043
against £173,989 in the corresponding week of last year,
the increase is shown to be £12,054. The number of
miles open on the above lines was, in 1852, 4,149, and
in 1851, 4,0421, showing an increase of 1061 miles.