Star.
London, England, 1820-01-21 00:00:00

. OLD BAII,€Y SFSSIONS.

Yesterday, Antonia Ducoin, a young man of re-
spectable connexions, and a native of -Cadiz, was in-
dicted for stealing a quantity of leather, the pro-
perty of Mr. Roe, of Air-street, Piccadilly, and Her-
bert
Scandret, was indicted for receiving the same,
knowing it to have been stolen.
Some witnesses were examined for the prisoners
dS to character: but the case having been fully esta-
blished,
the Jury brought in a verdict of Guilty
against both of them.
Francois Gerrard, alias De Lisle, was indicted for
stealing two gold watches, the property of Messrs.
Tern and Littler, jewellers, of the Strand.
The prisoner, a man of fashionable appearance,
(though poorly attired,) and it seems of prepossessing
manners and address, is a native of France, and can-
not speak the English language. Notwithstanding
this, he has been charged with having successfully
defrauded the prosecutors. _ _

Mr. DOWLING stated the case for the Crown in a
clear and able manner; but the RECORDER, on read-
ing over the indictment, found a fatal objection. The
act was laid on the 6th of September, in the 60th of
the King, whereas it was in the 59th of the King.—
The prisoner was accordingly Acquitted.
Mr. DowLiso then applied to the Court for leave
to prefer a new Bill of Indictment, but the RE-
CORDER, on the humane ground that the prisoner was
a foreigner, and ignorant of the English language, re-
fused the application.
Three boys, of the names of Bridges, Buller, and
Bailey, the eldest of whom did not appear more than
sixteen years of age, were next put to the Bar, charged
with stealing a silver spoon and cream-jug, the pro-
perty of Johnson. Each of the prisoners endea-
voured to exculpate himself by accusing his compa-
nions of the robbery.—They were all found Guilty.
In the course of the trial, a Police-officer stated,
that the youngest prisoner, who was about twelve
years of age, had been a thief from his infancy ; that
he (the witness), bad known him for six years as an
incorrigible tiller, and that he had had more escapes,
and trained up more tbievts than any person whom
he (the Officer) had ever known.

StrtGVLAa Occumtaaca.—The following singular
fact, which occurred about three weeks ago, will
probably become a subject of discussion in the Court
of King's Bench in the course of the approaching
Term. Mr. T—n, a Gentleman of fortune, had for
some time paid his addresses to Miss S—, the
daughter cf a respectable merchant in the City. A
mutual attachment existed, and a day was fixed for
the nuptials taking place, when Mr. T—n suddenly
withdrew himself, and went to the Continent. The
young Lady's health suffered severely for some time.
At length, on her getting somewhat better, the com-
mands of herfather, aided by the persuasions of her
friends, induced her to consent to marry a Gentleman
every way eligible, who had long solicited her hand.
The day appointed for the nuptials arrived—the par-
ties, attended by their mutual friends, repaired to
church—the ceremony was performed, and they
were about to quit the altar, when the appearance of
Mr. T—n in the aisle had such an effect on the
bride that she fainted, and was conveyed home in
that state—no one of the party, excepting her father,
suspecting the cause. On her recovering her senses,
soon after her arrival at home, she broke away from
tie friends who surrounded her, seized a knife from
the sideboard, and vowed vengeance against herself
and those who had been the destroyers of her happi-
ness. She was disarmed, and put to bed ; and to-
wards night, becoming more moderate and tranqbil,
she was left, at her own request, in the care of her
favourite maid. On •the following morning, to the
surprise of her frieraK her-chamber was found emry.
A letter on her dressing-table, addressed to her fa-
ther, informed-him she had quitted the house, ac-
companied by her maid, to join Mr. T—n, who had
long possessed her heart, and to whom, before she
again saw them, her fate would be united for life.—
All search for the fugitives proved unavailing, and
in about a fortnight she returned, accompanied by
Mr. T—n, to wham, in the interim, she had been
married ; and throwing. herself at her father's feet,
asked a parent's blessing. The question for legal dis-
cussion will be, whose wife of the twain is h3re4.

SMITHFIELD MARKET, JANUARY 21.
Beef-- 4. Od to 5s 04 I Veal.... .ss 64 to 6s fol
• Mutton .. 4, 64 to 5s 24 Pork
Beasts 3l.lo—Sbeep and Lambs 5,801,—CsIves 90--Plga 400.
HAY AND STRAW PER LOAD.' .
Ray,— .1:3 Os to .4 4 45 I Straw ...W1 is La X 1 14

A

U

ADDITIONAMR L STATEMENTS RI
. OWEN'S PLAN...

!TING

PROPOSALS
an for enabling theß DISTRESSED MANUFAC-
RERS d PEASANTY to support themselves without
PAROCHIAL AID.

The basis_of Mr. Owen's proposed arrangements
for the present unemployed and suffering lower
classes, is Agriculture by Spade Cultivation, ip re •
Terence to which they have all been carefully formed.
Put as this mode of cultivation is but little known,
and therefore not duly appreciated in Great Britain,
it 1.a3 been deemed desirable briefly to notice some
experiments which have been recently made with a
view to xsceitain its relative value compared with

Plough Cultivation.
It is obvious from the statements here submitted
to the Public, that a greatly increased intrinsic value
"Must be given to our land by spade culture, as it
would direct a considerable portion of capital to the
employment of manual labour, and to the important
object of raising a greater produce from British soil,
instead of depending upon the uncertain and fre-
quently injurious supplies of foreign markets.
Spade cultivation, under thevarrangements here
contemplated, would, by imparting increased value
to agricultural labour, thereby invite the industrious,
yet at present unemployed and famishing manufac-
turer, to retuin to that healthful and natural occu-
pation, which is surely far superior to any which
can be fonna in a crowded city, and confined work-
shop,.in which his moral and political principles are
too frequently. deteriorated and poisoned.
The peculiar arrangements here proposed for a
more advantageous and perfect cultivation than the
plough admits of, would relieve the parishes of all
who are able to dig, plant, hoe, and weed, and
thereby materially diminish the almost overwhelm-
ing burden of Poor Rates which so heavily press upon
the agricultural interest.
The very reduced cost of maintaining the working
classes (or rather enabling them to maintain them-
selves) uTler these arrangements, is also but little
known: but after the most accurate calculation
which can be made upon the subject, aided by the
advantage of long and extensive experience, it may
with coofisience be asserted, that labouring families
now supported by wages at the rate of 12s. per week,
can be maintained_ in superior comfort, and with bet-
ter accommodation, so as to induce them earnestly
to promote the pi osperity of these establishments, at
the cost of ss. per week,. and ;nay in a short time be
put in liosSessibn of more benefits than are now-en-
joyed even by the labourers at New Lanark, with
whose condition the Public has expressed so much
satisfaction : wHic their children may be usefully
educated, and traine.l to indu-trious and virtuous
conduct, and be prevented from acquiring those per-
:l'6ons habits which at preient undermine and de-
stroy the happiness of the children of the working
classes. To corer every expense attending these
establishments, including 'rent of land and interest of
capital, the produce of the labourers under these
arrangements will more than suffice.
The manufacturing system, even in its most pros-
perous days, and under the very best regulations,
does not admit of a combination of arrangements
equally advantageous to the poor, whilst the inde-
pendent and opulent classes of society will very soon
recognize in the industry, content, and happiness of
the lower orders, under these simple yet scientific
arrangement?, 'the most unequivocal and certain
pledge of their own permanent security.
The correctness of these statements, most of which
admit of direct and immediate proof, may be ascer-
tained at the Bar of either House of Parliament, or
before any competent persons who might be ap-
pointed to investigate this most important subject.
But jf these are facts capeble of ample substantiation,
it may indeed be seriously inquired, why should the
country be permitted any longer to endure the dis•
tress and misery under which it now labours? arid
which threaten, if not speedily removed, to involve
in confusion all rants and orders of society.
SPADE lIUSISAN'DIM

COPY OF A LETTER rapt MR. FALLA, TO UNJAMIN
WILLS, ESQ.. POULTRY, LONDON.
" Gateshead, Newcastle, 16th December, 181*.
" Sin—l have received .yourletter, and I have at
present, as I shall have at any filters time, ii uch
pleasure in communicating to the Committee of the
Association for such very laudable purposes as the
Encouragement of Industry and Reduction of Poor's
Rates, any information that I am, or may hereafter
be, able to give on the subject required.
" Having a rather extensive concern in the nursery
line (now ui.wards of one hundred acres), and find-
ing as I was extending it, about twelve or fourteen.
years ago, a difficulty in procuring a sufficient nnm•
ber of men to work it with the spade, I substituted
the plough, in working those parts where a consider-
able quantity of vacant ground happened to lie to-
gether, and fancied that, besides getting through the
work with more facility and convenience, which I
certainly did, that I also was doing my work in a
manner equal to woi k done by the spade : the effect
of the first use of the plough was not of so much
bad consequence as when repeated, the beating of
the bottom of the horses' feet, and the'iron bottom I
of the plough. not having at first the miserable effect
of making the bottom of the worked ground hard
and firm, like a turnpike-road : the continued use of
the plough, however, presently shewed the bad effect,
in the diminished health and vigour of the trees: for-
tunately, this observation was made when workmen
were easier to be obtained than at the pericd when
the plough was adopted ; and, partly then, and en-
tirely since, I have laid it aside in my nursery, and
nearly so in my seed-raising operations, for several
years past.
"- In the use of the spade, we make a depth of
well-worked earth, at least twice that of the plough,
as used in this country; and instead of the hardened
level bottom, not easily, if at all, penetrable (in our
strong clayey subsoils) by either superfluous moisture
or the roots of the plants, we obtain a loose broken
bottom, conceived to be a particularly favourable
circumstance in such soils. Soon after, or rather
during the time my practice was changing from the
use of the plough to that of the spade, I received a
letter from a Gentleman of great respectability and
accurate .observation, in Yorkshire, but whose name
I hate not authority to mention, expressing himself
strongly impressed with an opinion, .thnt .if point
caltare with the :fads, was intrioducid into farming;

vety great addition might be made to the produce of
.the said land; and that the full etnergies• of the lend
twill never be called forth till the spade u wade to super-
sede the plough; and, asking for any particulars bf-
my opinion and observations on the subject, he
aided some particulars'of an experiment on wheat;
which had been made some time before at Notting-
ham, in a garden there, the ground worked with a
spade, the plants of wheat removed out of a seed-
bed, and transplanted into lines six inches asunder,
land the plants in the lines four and a half inches be-
tween each other. The plants were carefully weeded”
watered, and tied up to rods, to prevent them from
falling, and he saw the ground and the produCe
measured, and said it amounted to seventeen quarters
;per acre : suck a produce as, he observed, would pay
!for any labourage.
." This information, as may be supposed, so strongly
corroborating my own 'observations, confirmed me
in my practice, and stimulated me to the extension
of it,, and to some experiments of the same kind.
This is the third year that I have been making them,
and though I have not been able to approach to the,
quantity produced by the experiment detailed by my li
correspondent, yet 1 am satisfied I have doubled the
average produce of land similar to mine, and of the
same degree of richness, not being more manured
than it is customary to manure land for wheat under
the plough. I sow the seed in beds, from the begin-
ning to the end of August, and have transplanted
the same for the two first years, about the last week
in October: this year, about three weeks earlier—my
distance has been part of the ground at hues one
foot, and part nine inches asunder; in both cases,
twelve plants per yard in the line. I have not, till
this year, made soy of my experiments in lines at the
distance-of six inches; the least produce I have had
is six quarters and a half, and the greatest seven
quartets and a half per acre--which last is some
thing less than half the produce my correspondent
witnessed, and, as I said before, double that of the
Average of equal land in this part, each manured in
the same manner.
" The digging, -as at nursery price, costs 335. per
acre, and serves at least in the stead of two plough-
ings, that otherwise would be necessary; the trans-
planting, about 4s. 6d. per thousand; but there is a
great saving in seed, for we reckon one peck of wheat
to produce as many plants as would plant an acre;
whereas, in sowing in the common way, two bushels
at least are required. It will, from these data, be
found that the extra expense per acre is inconsider-
able, compared with the additional produce.
" I have, on part of the same ground with my
transplanted experiments, worked also with the spade,
Made some others, part sown broadcast, and pact
drilled, at the same time as the operation of trans-
planting is made ; and, horn the result of the same,
I am inclined to think the great advantage, in respect
to crop, arises more from the use of the spade than
from arntirer circumstance : but before I enter into
any fa particulars, I wish to ascertain the result
of this autumn's experiments in next fear's crop, and
then, if wished for, I shall be happy to communicate,
it to you.
By the spade practice' I have produced the
amazing qtiantity of eight hundred bushels of pota-
toes per acre ; it was at least ten years ago, add. I
have no memorandum of the quantity of land, but
I think it was nearly half an acre, which makes a fair '
experiment : it is fair to state, that the land was very
highly mantired, with a view to the succeeding crop,
but I apprehend it is a: least double the quantity ever'
produced fr.• the plough. My wheat experiments'
were, for crop 1817, under, but crop 1813, above
half an acre; the present growing ones for crop
1619, as neatly as may be, halt an acre; thise make-
tolerably fair ones ; the Gentleman's alluded to was.
quite a small one, being only about four yards square
or sixteen square yards.
a I raise considerable quantities of turnip seed an-
nually, and formerly transplanted the roots by the
plough : now, whatever may be the quantity, even
were it twenty acres, I do it all by the spade; but
so much depends on various other circumstances,
that it is not easy to make accurate ccmparisons ;
but in my own mind I am persuaded I average the
increased quantity of 30 to 40 per cent. of seed front
the same plants-
" It is perhaps absurd to suppose, that it ever can,
be practicable for a farmer who grows 60 or 60 acres
of wheat per annum, to find labourers to dig and
plant that quantity of land ; but a cottager with half;
an acre or an acre may be able to accomplish
his
quantity, and that even at leisure time; for a maul
of ordinary strength and exertion, can dig half al);
-acre in about eight or nine days ; and a farmer if he
cannot do fifty acres may pet Laps do ten.
The following, on the data I have given, is a
calculation of the extra expense of raising an acre of
m'heat by the,snade, and transplanting it into 9-inch
lines, three inches asunder in the lines, and also the
value of the increased quantity :
INgg:ng 4d. per rood, of 49 'guars yards (the
rood of this country) - - - - if 113 o
Transplanting 432,5.23 plants, at 41d. per 1000 4 7 11
One peck seed wheat ; but to be safe, say one
peck, and a half - - -

Deduct two ploughings
Saving is seed, Of peck

;41 16 0
0 31 8

0 3 9

6 6 10k-

1 111 5

4
11 .7}
Increased quandty of wheat, 341 qn. If at Ns. •15 0 0
If it /is. 15 10 0

" If, as I suspect will Foie to be the tase, from
what I have already done, the game ground will pro-
duce nearly as much wheat being sown in drill after
digging, the extra expense will stand thus :
,C 1 I. 0
Deduct two pt.usklop - - - 010 0

0 17 •

idesaetidati yid be ti add fee dais' with s.
bee, parlor! - - - 0 4 0

£1 1. 0

44. I an, Sr your most obedient servant,
(Signed) " WILLIAM FALL,e
(To be sestbreed.)

Tuesday se'nnight, a young WU was brought to
Bristol Infirmary,- wits one of his legs entirely, torn
off by the machinery of a coal-pit..
Last week, a little boy, employed at a clothing-
mill, near Stroud, Gloucestershire, became entan-
gled asaoug the maciikinerb tad both bit thigh.broken.

4- •

COURT OF COMMON' COUNCIL.
A Court of Common Oilmen .was held yesterday,
at Guildhall. •
Mr, FAVELL presented a Petition from Mr. Tip-
ger, and others, of the Ward of Bread-street, setting,
forth that Mr. Samuel Elliott, who had been elected
Common Councilman for the Ward, held the place
of tradesman (painter) to the Ccrporation, which was,
according to a by-law of the Court, incompatible
with his office of Common Councilman, and praying.
that his election be declared void. He moved that
the Petition be referred' to the consideration of the
Committee on City Lands.
Mr. T. N. WILLIAMS moved, as an Amendment,
that the matter be referred to the Court of Alder-
men, on the ground that toe Petition bad already
been received and discussed bar that Court.
Mr. Alderman WOOO contended, that the Court of
Aldermen had nothing to do with the matter. It
rested entirely with the Common Council therhselves.
The Court of Aldermen had only to declare whether
Mr. Elliott was duly elected, and that fact being out'
of question, it only remained for the Court of Com-
mon Council to consider whether there was any thing
in their own by-laws which prevented Mr. Elliott
from holding the two offices of Member of -and
tradesman to the Court ?
Mr. Gni evirn contended that Mr. Elliott had a
perfect right to his seat.
The by-law, or standing order, which had been r
ferred to, was read. It was dated 1777, and de-
e-
clared, among other things, expressly, that whenever
a tradesman accepted the office of Common Coun-
cilman, his office of tradesman was thereby vacated.
Mr.,Dixos observed, that the matter had been
brought before the Aldermen in a different shape
from that in which it could be taken up by the Court.
The Aldermen had only to deter mine concerning the
due election of the Member—the Common Council
whether his place was vacated ?
A MEMLIM observed, that the Court could do no
other than declare the place ef painter vacant.
Mr. James said, that as many • Members of the
Court were in the same situation as Mr. Elliott to
avoid the appearance of partiality, they should ap-
point a Committee to examine how far the standing
orders of the Court had been complied with.
Mr. Alderman WAITHMAN approvest of this sug-
gestion, and thought the matter should be taken up
generally, though he was net aware that many, or
any other Members of the Court stood in the situa-
tion in which Mr. Elliott was said to stand. He re-
membered that when he entered the Court, 25 years
ago, nothing so much disgusted him as the appearance,
on any vacancy of offices at the disposal of the Court,
of Members of the Court as Candidates, who, by
their exertions in canvassing, interrupted all public
business. He had moved standing orders to prevent
the *recurrence of those scenes, and he thought it
most essential that they, •and other similar standing.
enders, should be maintained, to prevent the Court
from becoming a scene of most profligate jobbing.
Mr. Favzoo thought the course imposed upon
him by the words of the standing order, was to move
the Court to declare the office of painter vacant.
Mr. T. N. WILLIAMS objected to this as a too shin-
Emery proceeding against a person who had, perhaps,
unwittingly fellers into a snare.
Mr. HURCOMBE thought the words of the order
were so plain, that the Court had no choice but to
proceed to a new election.
Mr. &racier declared his ignorance of the stand-
ing order. He had known a tradesman of the Court
elected who had continued to enjoy the office.
Mr. JACKS said, he was entirely ignorant of the
existence of the order.
It was finally referred to a Committee to inquire
whether any Members oT the Court " were ineligible
.to bold the offices of tradesmen of the Court r •
NEM-WE/WE DE ALDERMEN.
Mr. OLDHAM presented a Petition from eight Ci-
tizens, Jurors at the Adjourned London Sessions in
December last, who stated, that having been sum-
moned to attend at those Sessions, and having at-
tended accordingly, they were, ;fter waiting for
more than an hour, dismissed by the Recorder, be-
cause two Aldermen could not be found to open the
Court, and the Sessions were adjourned for a month,
whereby they had lost their times the due adminis-
tration of justice had been impeded, and many per-
sons, who had been committed for simple assaults,
had suffered incarceration for want of bail. The Peti-
tion caving been read, Mr. Oldham said it was painful
to him to be obliged to make remarks which might
appear personal towards individuals for whom lie
felt a respect. It was barely twelve months ago
when a similar negligence had been complained of
by him to the Court, when, on the 29th of July, the
London Sessions were adjourned for want of two
Aldermen. The Court reterred it to a Committee,
to consider what means could be taken for securing
the regular attendance of the Magistracy of the City.
"The Committee had reported an Order of the Court
of Aldermen, " That tor the prevention of the like
occurrences in future, all the Aldermen on the rota
should be summoned in future." Yet, notwithstand-
ing this Order, the same anomaly had recurred.
The Aldermen on the rota were—John Atkins, the
late Lord Mayor, Sir J. Earner, Aldermen Ansley,
Sir C. Hunter, and Heygate. The last, Alderman
Heygate, however, he understood, was present at the
Sessions. The consequence of this culpable neglect
had been, that Jury, witnesses, counsel, prosecutors,
had lost their time, and many prisoners had been
incarcerated for another month, who were to be pre-
sumed to be innocent, and one of whom, after that
imprisonment, was actually discharged, because no
prosecutor appeared. The Sessions, the Justice, the
Old Bailey, and even that Court, had been delayed,
hour after hour, for Walt of the attendance of Al-
dermen, yet the Court of. Aldermen themselves did
not take up the matter, or attempt to remedy thi
evil. There was, however, 4 contrast between the
conduct of the Court of Aldermen, with regard to
the administration of justice, and on other occa-
sions. When justice was to be administered, two
Aldermen could not be procured ; but, when a pro-
secution was to be instituted against other Members
of the Corporation, for doing what they conceived
to be right on a political question, thirteen Aldermen
could be got together on less than twelve hours no-
tico-4(fleor, iieer).—rlt was the duty of the Cor
rati if
on, 'or
inisi
=tits owonn seaf k
je
ustt c
ea twt eenrde
tt
ho this e
thus
n neglected
for
c; t
edb
y
gpir peculity Magistracy, the Legislature would be