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REG ENG QUESTION ; being a re-pub-
lication of Papers, written during Ws Majesty's Illness, in
car 1788; with a New Preface.
.By DENIS O'BRYEN, Esq.

But we, with pleasure, own our errors
And make, each day, a critique on the last. Pori.
These Papers are republished because their principles and
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IaLIAMEIVTARr PROCEEDINGS.

HOUSE OF LORDS, DECEMBER 20.
STATE OF THE NATION.
About half-past tour o'clock, Earl CAMDEN, Lord
of the Council, entered the House. The
atndance of the Peers was pretty full, and his Lord-
ip immediately laid upon the table the Report of
e Committee appointed to examine the Royal Pl,-
ians touching the state of his Majesty's health,
being first read short by the Clerk, was or-
, to be printed for the use of their Lordships.
Lord HOLLAND rose. He was induced, he
id, by a strong sense of public duty, when he con-
: the momentous and critical situation in which
country was placed, to address their Lordships in
is state of the proceedings, with reference to the
subject which they shortly would have more
:ly to discuss. In this view of these critical
momentous circumstances, he would have to put
questions, which struck him to be of the greatest
stance to those who, at this period of unhappy
ity, were the official directors of his Majesty's
,Those questions necessarily arose out
the mode of proceeding which those Ministers had
:bred their intention to adopt, and they related to
uns which would evince to all their Lordships the
sky there was for their coming to the most
speedy, nay an immediate, decision, if it were possi-
'll:., upon the great question pending before both
,aset. It was not, however, bis intention to4press
tiwse questions in any hostile point of view, but merely
to state what points would to his mind call for an
tediate deeision, and on which they would consi-
whether or not with safety to the public service a
on such points could be any longer post.
He would first beg leave to say a very few
. as to the mode of proceeding which the Noble
Secretary of State had diclareclot was the intention
Ministers to propose in that House on Thursday
They were to submit to the consideration of
House three Resolutions, which were agreed to
both Houses in 1788. On the first of those, un-
lately, there was'not the smallest hope of any
of opinion taking place. The second re-
lated to the right which *as supposed by some to de-
Ntelve, in such circumstances, upon the Houses of
Parliament. Upon this proposition, it was his iu-
tention to move the previousquestion. But, with re-
spect to the third Resolution, which went practically
to recommend the mode of proceeling by Bill, and
was therefore the more especially worthy of the most
serious attention of their Lordships, a Noble Friend of
his had given notice of his determination to propose an
amendment, substituting instead thereof, an Address to
his Royal Highness the Prince of Walesa° take uponhim
the civil andmilitary administration Of the Government.
This amendment would therefore involve the question
of preference between the two modes of proceeding
by bill or by address. These considerations would
embrace a variety of questions, mere or less referring
to the fundamental principles of the Constitution.—'
Notwithstanding the great differences of opinions en- ,
tendined as to the preferable mode of proceeding by
Address, or by what was called by Bill, and the dif-
ferent opinions entertained. by a Noble Friend,' then
absent, for whose sentiments and authorities his rt4pect
was equally profound and cordial, he felt it itteum-
bent on him to deelaie, that in every view he was
able to take of the subject, it appeared to him, with
vierenee to the genuine principtes of the Constitution,
to be utterly impossible to proceed in any other way
than by the mode of Address. Iret,besidesthese consi.
derations,it was very likely that a third opinion,or rule,
for the guidance of their decisions would be held by
many Noble Lords, and by many of sound and accu-
rate understandings, namely, that their votes mast be
decided by the present state of the public service.—
They were all agreed that it was necessary to supply ,
the deficiency which unhappily existed as to the per-
sonal exercise of the royal authority; in viewing this,
it would be imperative upon their Lordships to con-
sider the vast difference of circumstances between the
present period and that of 1768. At that period such
a line of conduct may be pursued without committing
the happiness or the safety of the empire ; but in•
such a perilous crisis as the present, were that prece-r
dent to be fully acted upon, it may even tend to lay-
tie country at the feet of the enemy. It was this con-
sideration, so strongly pressing upon his mind, that
inducedhini to put the querieshe was about to do to the
Noble Lords opposite. They all referred, and essen-
tially, to the actual state and safety of the country.
In putting these questions, he was actuated by no
party spirit, but solely by a sense of public duty. In
the first place, with retard to the case of Sweden, it
was a general opinion, were hostilities commitled
against this country by that, or by any power, that
such hostilities could not be met by counter hostilitiesl
without a previous declaration of war, or a solemn
proclamation setting forth the motives for hostile pro-
ceedings on the part of this country. He should
wish to know what line of conduct would be phrsued
in tech ise of
a cases under the suspension of the mac

•


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H' 4

.IDAYt

the royal authority ? He may be told that
acted upon their responsibility on the neces•tit
case, but in the present circumstancesibf the
he thought that species of responsibirity a
to the state. He well remembered the fm
quences of stretching the doctrine of netessit
as in the case of the important question of sb
where-the King was advised that he was the
of the necessity of the case. His next question
spected the recent intelligence frpm South
especidily from Buenos Ayres, which obviousl
quired some important steps to be taken, eitt,'-
a reference to the common cause of liberty
neral interests of humanity. Another poini
present circumstances of Spain and Portugal
ting this, at a former period when he was
gutne as to the event than at present, he appr
the conduct of his Majesty's Governrnent,aek
it was right to send out troops to support thk
tants. But in the present case, when reinforcements
may be wanted by the eminent Commander -
station, he would ask, whether the Noble _
tertained any doubt as to the legality of sending
such reinforcements ? From the gestures of
Secretary of State, he should suppose they
He had then to ask, if by their not sendini
great injury does not accrue to the public
the country ? He had a third question to ,
Noble Lords, and that respected the import,
tion between this country and the United •
case wherein the British Government was cal,
speedily to determine upon one of two modes
licy, either to revoke the Orders in Count:'
press the grounds or reasons for their conti
the former of which alternatives ought *in
ment to be adopted. And against the time
American Republic expected their answer,
nation from Ministers en this head was the
cessary, as they were about to call upon ,
to acquiesce in a slow and circuitous mode
ceeding for restoring the personal exercise of
authority, in preference to a speedy and com,
mode, which would avert the numerous pend
with which the Country was threatened.
The Earl of LIVERPOOL rose, and in
rhat had been urged by his Noble Friend,
that the numerous queries put to him cc
adequately considered as their importance
and the sotutionsgiven, without going into
the whole political situation of the Empire
sent period. If he abstained from such a
it was solely from the impossibility of enteric
it at large at the present moment under •
stances in which they were placed. In ,
situation of the country, his Majesty's GovernaKo
were fully aware of the difficulties which
upon diem, but they were also aware that'
cuilties were of two sorts. The momentou.
imposed on them to coasider bo:k.w.fAr tbe-iRterSALAC
the country, upon the: whole, required of them
to recommend to Parliament to suspend
ceedings on the one hand, and on the ot:
riod whets the same consideration required
necessary proceedings should be commenced.
these impressions, they had proposed several
adjournments, with a view to give Parliament
portunity of either instituting such proceedings
they may think necessary, or in their view
under the circumstances of the time, to
adoption of such proceedings. The condi
Mtliesty's Government was regulated by
of the difficulties on both sides, and on
the peculiar difficulties of the situation in
were placed should be carefully considered.
respect to the particular points adverted
Noble Friend, he had to say, that he was
of any material injury to the public servii
delay in question, nor was he aware thz
had abstained from any acts which under
cumstances they would not have so advised
jesty, and with regard to those measures
safety of the country may require, they
whatever risk it may induce to theznseli
which they deemed most conclusive •
honour, and interests of the country,
justice of Parliament to consider of and
the grounds of that justification. before
he begged leave shortly to observe
point of his Noble Friend's speech, vile
rproceeding, whether prefirable by Bill or
pOn this head, every consideration he had
ive the subject, in all its views and bearin
decidedly of opinion that the mode of
Bill was by far the preferable. Nay, he
ther, and declare his firm conviction, .
would undertake to p*lf when the regular
nity, should strive, that' the precedent of -
the only constitutional made of proceedi
their Lordships, with reference to
principles of the constitution, had,no
circumstances as the present than to adopt
Lord HOLLAND spoke briefly in
Earl GROSVENOR deprecated the
had hitherto taten place in the proceedin,
for the personal *exercise of the Royal
thought other precedents, besides that
so much stress was laid, might be ref(
occasion like the present. He instant
occurring in the reign of George the
in the early part of that of his present
With respect to the precedent of MS,
scribed the mode of proceeding by Bill,
reason to re t, notwithstanding the lapse ,
4
opinions hetf then held ; neither did h think,
*efect of a fiction at law was consii
•
Any thing inconsistent or ridiculous
crding by way of Bill.
'The Duke of CLARENCE observed,
shortly trouble their Lordships ion the
slaw He was confident they would
iFe to believe, that in addition to what
public and national grounds on the ca—
unhappily called for the pending discussions,
Mg sensibly affected by consideratiois of

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*DECEMBER 21, Islo. e '
[PRICE SIXPENCE-HAISPENNY.
Er---.--------....--........:..:-------•-* --
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t Ministers and personal nature. He felt himself tailed upon by HOUSE OF COMMONS.
seity of the what fell from the Noble Secretary of State, so decis A New Writ was ordered for the Borough of Brackley, in the
room at Anthony Hoderson. Esq. deceurd. .
se country, dealt, in favour of the precedent of 1788, to say aCALL or THE WM&
great evil few words upon that point. Had he the honour of a On .
the motion of the CHANte F.LLOR of the
atal conse_ seat in the House at that time, his conduct would
EXCHEQUER, the Order of the Day for calling 1
pity too far, have been similar to that of a eery near relative of his
over the House was read. i
hip-money, on the occasion. Since that • period, however, one. The, CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER
'
: sole judge great chenge in particular had taken place. Their
fuestion re. moved'," that the House be now called over."
t America, Lordships had since got a new set of journals. He Mr."TIERNEY thought that the present attes-
t the only one of his family, he believed, that had
dance was very satisfaetqry, and that we call :lupe
viously re- the pleasure of visiting Ireland, and he would remit-
be dispensed with.
r ot• the ge-
either with mend their Lordships to look over the Journals of the
ant was the The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER al.
I .
House of Lords of that country, and b' which they.
lowed, that as far as the present individual day was
would see whether it was not the most convenient.
concerned, there was no cause of complaint for non-
; more sail- take u
al —respec. way to vote an Address to the Prince of Wales, to
attendance; but he thought'it was important to en.
.pproved ofn him the Government of the Country, until
force the call, in order. to skew that it was the inten-
Led thought it should please PROVIDENCE, and May it be shertly ! tion of the House to insure, during the whole of the
to restore to his Throne our excellent and beloved
iforcements country importent discussion which was about to take p
the inhabi- lace,
Monarch. And he thought that not a moment should the steed y sattentioa of the Members.
.der on that be lost in restating to the its constitutional .
executive head. The motion was then agreed to, and strangers
hurting been excluded, the names of all the Members
Lords en- The Duke of NORFOLK was of opinion that the were called over ; a proceeding which occupied above
ending out conduct adopted by Ministers inexpressibly aggravat- two hours.
if the Noble ed their responsibility: With respect to the much On our re-admission into the Gallery, we found
:y did not. talked of precedent of 1788, his objections to that The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER
ng them, a course of proceeding remained in their full force ; moving, " That the House be called over bn Monday
: service of 1
i but there did exist a precedent which would well go- se'nnight," which motion was agreed to ;as *as also
• put to the', vern their proceedings, viz. that of 1688, when the a subsequent motion,. "That those Members who dig
etant ques. !two Houses of Parliament wisely resolved to address not then attend should be taken into custody." '
d States—a the Prince and Princess of Orange to take upon them STATE OP TILE NATION* I
called upon the royal authority : but in ens% er to this he may be On the motion of the CHANCEL,LOR of the
lodes of po. told that the throne was then vacant, and that the EXCIIEQUER, the House, in pursuance of theCtr-
el, or to et. abdicating Monarch had thrown himself into the arms der of the Deiy, resolved itself into a Committee a
nainuance ; of the enemy. True ! but he would ask was not the the whole House, to consider the State of the Nation.
n his judg. personal exercise of the royal functions as fully defec- Mr. Lushington took the chair.
ate that the tive now as then ? He thought the proceeding by The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUEIL
T, an exile. way of Bill irreconcileable with the plainest prince. then rose, and spoke to the following effect :
to more ne. pies of the Constitution. He hid heard it was very. Mr. Lushington—ln consequence of the node*
1 the House recently advanced in that House, that a fourth estate which I recently gave, I now rise to call the attention
lode of pro- existed in the realm, viz. the King, the Lords Tern- of the Committee to the consideration of that disas-
of
the royal por al, the Lords Spiritual, and the Commons ; -he trous state of the Nation into which the unfortunate .
ompendieus had heard this in the way of report, but if the Lords indisposition of his Majesty—an indisposition so se- ,
ending evils Spiritual were meant distinctly, it must be in the way verely felt and so universally lamented by the coun.
of convocation ? try-.-has placed it. I feel, Sir, that in doing this it
n answer to Earl STANHOPE had to defend an absent Noble must be wholly unnecessary for me to make any po-
d, observed, Friend (Lord Grenville.) What the Noble Duke culiar efforts to excite the interest of the Committee
:ould not be said, would be putting nonsense into his mouth. He on such an important subject. When we consider the.
e deserved, had said no such words, but merely that the Lords nature of the calamity, to the existence of which our
to a view of Spiritual and Temporal composed that House. The present meeting is to be attributed, it is impossibbe
eat the pre- Noble Earl then adverted to the mode of proceeding not to contemplate it with the utmosi pain mad sym-
a discussion, determined on by Ministers--she incalculable delays pathy. Had such a malady fallen on the humblest
:ntering into and protracted discussions it would induce, especially individual in the land, one with whom we were to.
the citcum- since a Noble Friend had notified his intention to tally unconnected by relation, dependenee,or initest,
the present move the previous question upon the second resolu- it would unqitestionably be our endeavour. first tie
Government tion ; and his Lordship induced some risibility by his provide the means of restoring that individual ID
hich pressed observing, that it was very unustnd for Ministers to health, and secondly to swim to hint affectionate
it those dill. ask„, Noble Lords at his side of the House (as last geardians until that restoration should be effikted..e.
sus duty was night), what they intended to do, though it was very Had such a malady fallen on those to whom we were
}e-intellel. Of ewe:unitary for. the Oppoeition to ask Ministers what attached by dearer ties, the feelings in every man.s
ed.of them they intended, but perhaps they no longer considered breast must, lam sure, render unnecessary any de-
end all pm- themselves as Ministers ! Scription of the course which we should hasten to 'm-
other the pe. Lord ERSKINE observed, that it was his general sue. But, Sir, in the Instance of our Sovereign—ea
red that the custom not to deliver his sentiments until he had heard Sovereign who has how reigned so long over th)s
Iced. Underwho has !mien on the Throne
! the vet iees of those who were to discuss i sub-
several short i•
He epoxied therefore reserve tem& for above half a century---blessecl by his people
, ject with him.
cement an op- i. until watchful of their interests—wholly and markedly it-
oceedings as he heard the arguments of the Noble Earl oppo.
tents to preserve the true principles of the Constitp-
site, in endeavouring to prove that the only legal and
wof the case, tion—a Sovereign, whose virtues have been the con.
Constitutional mode of proceeding was by Bill. In
postpone the stain and just theme of our praise and admiration-
addition to the various objections applicable to the
induct of his I say, Sir, that when such a Soveraign becomes ox
prcedent of 1788, there was the consideration of the
sy a full view afflicted, lam fully confident there is not a bean in
essential difference in the circumstances of that and
that ground the present period. He highly approved of a candid the country which does not beat
.with the wannest
in which they sympathy for his distress.
. 'These,
.Str, are thp teelags
and manly declaration of sentiments, when difference
tercel. With of opinion existed between those who loved and re- which arise in my mind en a view of the subj,fct
strictly p.
He argued for the competency of the States of the ersonal ; but there art others, deeply csie-
ted to by his
spected each other ; such was uniformly his practice.
'as not aware netted with the public interest, which are cal led forth
Realm -to supply the defects in the Constitution ; to i
service by the by a mace general view of the stsbject. It is to tbese
hat Ministers
icier other sir- maintain the contrary would be to favour revole. considerations to which I now wish to call the atten-
tion of the Committee. Among the foremost of these
Bonney principles. But the mode which Ministers
is the fact, that by the present state of his Majesty's
rased his Ma- meant to pursue was, among other objectionable
ures which the points, censurable, as forming a clumsy system of health, the functions of the executive government ire
y would, with machinery, operese in its progress, instead of the re- in a great measure suspendEd, and the public service
;elves, do that gular, simple, and direct way contended for by those impeded and embarrassed. Sir, I lament that, it
to the safety, with whom he had the honour to act ; and he eon- should fall to the lot of such an individual as myself,
,
leaving to the eluded by deprecating every moment of unnecessary from the situation in which I have the honour to be .
td decide upon I delay, as highly injurious to the interests and safety placed, to address the Committee on this subject. I
should feel wholly inadequate to the undertaking, if
ne he sat down of the country. I did not think that I could point out, from the ex-
upon another
iz. the mode of The Earl of LAUDERDALE spoke generally in
ample of those who have struggled against calamities
support of the arguments urged by Noble Lords on
of a similar nature to that under which we now ha-
or by Address.
his side of the House, and
censured the line of pro-
hour, the mode which we ought to pursue as the
iad.been
he
to
seeding adopted by Ministers. as productive of•most
best calculated to extricate us from the difficulties of
eanngs, e was
injurious delay, and only for the purpose of retaining
our situation. We are at the present moment, Ter,
ie would go far- .
proceeding by
the power of Government a little longer in their hands,
situated precisely as the country found itself situafrd
while they seemed totally regardless; of the baneful
at the latter end ofthe year 1788. The .
and which he
consequences__ which ensued. ings adopted by the two Houses of Parliament ,
egular opportu-
-3f 1788 afforded The Earl of DARNLEY followed on the same on that occasion—an occasion, I repeat, in which
side, and warmly animadverted on the avowal of the we were circumstanced precisely as we are at
eding, and that
`Noble Secretary of State, that lee would, did occa. the present moment, will, in my apprehension, iee )
the established
i option in such stone offer, advise the Sovereign to adopt the mea- found to be the true line of conduct which the
adopt it. sures now pursued by his Ministers. He contended two Houses of Parliament ought now to adoprt-
-1 explanation. that the precedent of 4788 was materially deviated and by the adoption of which we shall avail 04r.
he delays which Mr. Pitt suffered no unnecessary from, inasmuch as . . selves of the light, of the judgment, and of the . .
eding to provide delay to take place on that. occasion, while a veryy perieuce of our peedecessors. I have s.tid, sir, t
l functions. He contrary line of conduct wa. imputable to them, and the two cases are the same, Certainly there is a it-
hat upon which which was injurious to the best interests of the country. ference from the loss of those abilities • and talents
referred to on an The E:trl of LIVERPOOL then TOW to propose, I which, looking with an eagle eye through our loge!
:anted the cases agreeably to his notice of yesterday, the appointment history, and through our Constitution, recom
he Second, and of a Committee to search for precedents respecting that course which was ultimately adopted in 74.4,1 e 5.....
:sent Majesty.— the admissibility of proxies under the present circum-
Still, however, there are circumstances which tinder
788, which pre. stances in which the House was placed. the situation of the country easier pf extrication :
Bill, he saw no A conversation rather of a desultory nature took in the year 1768. First, that to which I have t
he lapse f Ye4rs, place, chiefly, if not entirely, upon the wording of the alluded—a most important circensstaiice—oa 7, g
id he think, when motion, in which the Earls Stanhope and Firma- the precedent which has been established, and i
lidered, there was Liam, Lord Holland and the Marquis of Lansdowne, Sir, that on the prow occasion no question has yet
in regularly pro= his Royal Highness the Duke of Clarence, and one been introduced by wbich the right and duty of
or two other Peers participated. The result was, that the two Houses of Parliament, thus called upon to
;erred, he should the Noble Secretary of State new modelled his mo- supply the existing deficiency, has ever been glanced
the present occa- tion, which then was for the appointment of an open- at. We know, Sir, how much the discussions of 1788
ado him the jus- Committee, to search for precedents as above, and were embarrassed, and how many difficulties then
vhatbe must feel to report the result of their enquiries to the House ; presented themselves by the assertion of an inherent
he calamity which that all the Lords present be members of the Corn-right elsewhere, a right afterwards so properly dig.
scussions, he was mittee, and that the Committee do meet toeucgrow. churned. There is also another consideration which
acio of a Private Vs Wei tOra adjourned tillSaturklay. - . should induce us to expect that the debates on the
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