Star.
London, England, 1819-07-20 00:00:00

~'

i
til .
~ 1. '
• . 1

purpose, and, as before, let receding forces he em-
ployed, what will be the effect ? The circular link
will now he able to resist a greater force than before,
having trio points of support ; but the unsupported
parts will, by the effort of the said force, endeavour
to assume a onedrilateral form, a change that can-
not be effected without a derangement of the matter
in the link, which must rupture and destroy it.—
such stays [stays with sharp enilsi have been used
in chains ; but such -a stay only supra ts two oppo-
site points in the link ; and I have shewn that the
tendency of receding forces, applied as before de-
scribed, is to straighten and consequently to rupture
the parts that arc still left unsupported. ' My said
improvements in chain cables or moorings are found-
ed on considerations drawn from the facts that have
been alluded to. If a circular lick, instead el being
supported crnly in the two opposite onus, have its
Apposite sides supported by a :eery nnibriteing o
considi.,rable and opposite setments, taking can to
leave such openings as shall allow sailiciely pia} fur
the links to be received into it, the link will be roach
stronger than with such a etay as A;;B, [the sleti p
ended stay:: 13,1 still the link will pr, ye to be of
bad iie-m ; for the tendericy of receding forces, ap-
plied as before, would break the link over the nti.:
links as fulcrums. :And moreover, even if circu-
lar ;inks could be mad.: tinob]ectiehable as to strength,
they should be avoided, on• account of the greater
Weight of metal which a given linth of chain would
require, than when formed of links of a less excep-
tiorahle form. We have seen that the tendency of
receding forces, applied to curved links, is to draw
portions of them into straight forms; and hence it
follows, that twisted links of every kind should be
Avoided where strength is required ; for such links,
even if their opposite sides be supported, by an
interposed stay, like AGB Ea small ended stay,
must, by the application of a sufficient strain,
untwist themselves to become straight, and thus
have the arrangement of their pi rticles disturbed.
—As the tendency of forces applied at heft re men-
tioned to curved or twisted links is to convert the
curves or distortions into straight portions, as above'
described ; it follows, that links presenting in their
original construction straight parts between the points
of strain, are the strongest that can be made with
an equal portion of metal ; and hence, links with pa-
rallel sides and semi-circular ends would in every case
be preferred, 'e ere it not necessary to the quality of
good chain, that it should be able to resist lateral
violence as well as a general strain operating by
stretching. Suppose that by any accident the link-
figure ‘2, (a link with parallel sides) should be
drawn against a resisting body, the side of the link
next the resistance would be bent inward ; and if in
Such a link a stay like AGB (sharp ended) were intro-
duced, then the link wotild be solicited by the said
force to assume a form which would destroy it. From
the preceding considerati ins it is Cs ident that, of all
the forms and constructions that pan be given to a
link, that form and construction which shall be able
to convert a lateral into an end strain, by yielding
ugroper support to the opposite sides of the link, is!
se one that should be preterred—and of such a form
and contructioa is the link figure 5, with my broad
ended stay introduced between the sides of the link el
1.4 r, if this link (which
.presentsits principal substance'
and all its points of r esistance in the same place) [plane]
be diem against obstacle it is apparent, that the
parts which are supported by their opposite parts,
must be drawn asuieder before the link can give way.
For the matter in the part to which the obstacle is
presented cannot be Miele to penetrate itself, and the
two sides are cornyelled to retain their relative posi-
tions by ivy interposed broad-ended stay, a cross
section of which thiough its middle is shewn in a
figure. I 'iced that at the time that the stay
is i.:tradaccd, the link is wide enough to receive it ;
and the li,ek being red hot at the time of its introduc-
tion, and being essed home to the stall by a dye or
prc.is, or aey suitable mechanical
.means, takes a fast
hold of it, and retains it in its place. Other ways
of introducing and retaining in its place my broad-
ended stay may be employed; but I have found
the preceding exceedingly simple and efficacioUs.—
OU my broad-ended stalls I have only inrthcr to remark
that they should embrace the whole or the greater por-
tion ve the opposite cue red parts ?I' the middle o/-the
lirufc ; and even ifthe middle ()nide link be made tofirm
tu,o apposite obtuse angles, the ends rif the stay should
nol embrace much less than the proportion exhibited in
_figure 5. But in making the said ends to embrace any
larger portions, provided sufficient room is lsfl for the
play ostMe links nceived into it, there will be no harm ;
only-the chain as ill thereby be rendered heavier, which
may sometimes, though not generally, be desirable."
Mr. HART stated thk it was impossible not to un-
derstand such a description as this, taking all the
parts together, or the stature of the improvement de-
scribed. It had been contended that the expanding
of the head of the stay was in itself a thing so obvi-
ous that it could not be considered an invention ; but
this was the case with almost every great mechanical
improvement. When pointed out it was found to lie
so near the surface, that every one wondered they had,
pot seen it before. This was the case in Arkwright's
invention—he added only some little wheel, the ad-
dition of which to the previous machinery, was so
obvious that any weaver, or common mechanic,
might have hit upon it. Inventions were not the less
useful for being simple. On the contrary, this qua-
lity added to their value.

CHANCELLOR asked what was particu-
ted to be claimed as the invention?

.7
—The stay described, which the paten-

, broad-ended stay, is new, and verydiffe-
stays before in use. These supported only
points of the link, but the Patentee, by
out the head of the stay, making it small-
middle, that room may be left for inserting
':s, gives complete support to the entice
ides. Ile would quote, he said, the words
ration (The Philosophical Magazine), in
)y.of the patent had apprared—.

JWELL remarked, that the statement. to
Learned Brother wished to refer could
being drawn up, as was believed, by
7ho drew the specification.
cr.—The words, ho►rever, may be used by
.thout even pretending to be deeply skilled
Al science, and I will use them as my own,
"them quite correct:—" Mr. Brunton's spe-
' his invention is at once so explicit and at

1
. - .
The LORD
‘ . intender
, . laxly
. • Mr. HART,
tee calls his i
, .
rent from sta
1 ! two opposite
• 'l' spreading oul
. ,
est in the mii
the next link!
, opposite side!
. - -of a Pablicai
.11 which a copy
Mr. SHA DI
'which his L
_ 1 :...
.. haveno weit,
1 •
t 1... person se]
IVIIAtAllii
any Dna titth
an 4ne?.liattical
Tot' ribinkiN
cification of k
. . ~:,
...