Star.
London, England, 1829-12-02 00:00:00

HAMBURGH.

The Government of the Hanseatic Towns is not, I sus-
pect, much understood in England. It is generally that of a self-
elected Aristocracy, but, In small places, every member of it is im-
mediately connected with, and so Immediately dependent on, the
good opinion of his neighbours, that the power of despotism whit
he possesses is scarcely ever exercised to the known detriment
those about him.

The Senate is the primary ruling power in Hamburgb. It con-
sists of four Burgomasters. four Syndics. four-ant twenty Senators,
a prothonotary, archivist, and two secretaries. Three r
(who act as Judges both in civil and criminal mat Sir
nators,and the Syndics, prothonotary, archivist, c arleb,
must necessarily be lawyers; the ocher merchants, eeping re-
tail shops, nor connected In the second degree of blood with any
other Senator. The pay of a Senator is 4,000 marks per annum.
The oldest Burgomaster is the President of the Senate. Wealth, for
the most part, is the great object looked to in the quality of a Se-
nator. There is scarcely an example of a bankruptcy on the part
of a Senator, and when any derangement of accounts bat
occurred, the Senate has helped the lame member over the
stile. The Senate fills up his own vacancies as they occur.
The introductory ceremonies by which a Senator is introduced are
very curious. He is led by his nearest relation to the Senate Howe,
where is accompanied to a chamber, and every thing of metal about
him is removed. He is next conducted to the Session by the
youngest Senator, and takes the oaths of office kneeling. He is
then accompanied to church, and afterwards to the Senate House,
and, clad in an ancient robe of black, ornamented with fringe, and
wearing an antique ruff, he is admitted to the Senate soon after its
sittings commence, and la allowed, from that time forb. to wear
the ordinary garb of a Senator. A man cannot refuse the honour
of Senatot ship. The title of a Burgomaster is " Your Magnifi-
cence ;" that of a Senator " High and well-learned Lord." The
Senate nominates and receives all Foreign Ministers or Consuls, and
exercises, in fact, the sovereign authority. Their sway is, on the
whole, mild and benevolent. and seldom gives occasion to com-
plaints ; yet there is little or no protection against their decrees,
and all their discussions and proceedings are secret. The
younger Senators keep the gates of the city. Their laws and
judicial proceedings require immense improvements. The simplest,
safest, and most satisfactory would be a code. and publicity
in its administration. The" Lex non scripts" is the law of the

State...-susceptible, of tonne, of all the 'modifications which ig-
norance, caprice, or interest, may venture upon. These do not
often, perhaps, interfere—thanks to a better protection than any
the laws have provided ; that protection being the terrors of pub-
lic opinion, which is in aU Western Germany pretty enlightened.
In Hamburgh—as in many of the German States—no child is con-
firmed until reading and writing have been learnt; and, u confir-
mation is deemed a ceremony of the highest urgency, the veto upon
ignorance is the greatest encouragement to instruction.
public morals are, on the whole, purer than in England. An exe-
cution inHamburgh is scarcely ever known—beheading is the mode
of death when it is inflicted. The Piators of the Senate are the
ordinary administrators of justice. There 11 a species of Common-
alty (or Burgbership) exercised by all the citizens who have hums
of the value of 4,000 rim dollars. They arrange moth of the ec-
clesia.tical and parish business. A corps of rribunes, consisting
of IS members, also exists. whose duty it is to watch over the
rights and eludes of the citizens ; but they a e self-elected, and
stand. as it were, between the plebians and the patricians. About
this thtie twelvemonth a three-hundred-years' jubilee was given to
the Tribunes. and, from the great excitement of popular feeling
which the anniversary elicited, it would appear as lithe Hamhurgh-
ers were greatly attached to their institutions, whatever may be
their seeming defects. The Burghers are called together whenever
the Senators and Tribunes agree that such an assemblage is de-
sirable.

Of the institutions of Hansburgh, that which most excited my
attention is a small Society, chosen from the lower orders, with the
honourable title of " hienschen-retter," or s' Men-savers." To
be elected to this office is, among the people, deemed a high ho-
nour. Their duty is solely to save the lives of their fellow.men in
cases of lire or other alarming perils. The fire regulations are fur
the mod part admirable, but the " Mensehen-retter" are bound
not to have their attention directed to any oSjeet but the preserva-
tion of human life. Many remarkable instances are recorded of
their heroism and devotion. Two of these lien, clad in black and
white dresses, attend every watch-house in the evening, and until
day-break, to be ready for the honourable service in which they
are engaged. These watch-houses are, I believe, live. The
" blenschen-retter" fill up the vacancies In their own body, and,
in case of the removal or death of any one of them, the question as
to the candidate most deserving this popular honour Is a topic of
universal discussion and universal interest among the " plebs."
The spirit of universal suffrage is said to operate virtually upon the
minds of the real electors; and the body of Men-savers have pre-
served an undiminished interest in the minds of the people. There
is a law that, in case. of fire at night, when the neighbourhood is
instantly alarmed by the rattles of the watchmen, and the cry of
Feuer, Feuer !" Is beard, every inhabitant shall put a lighted
candle out of his lower windows, to assist the operations of the
firemen. Fires are very common, but rarely do they spread far.
Ilamburgh is bound, lite all the States of the German Confedera-
tion, to furnish its contingent of troops. They are about 1,500
strong. independently of eight compaoiss of Burgher siers, to
which every Burgher and Burghers see is required to Wong be-
tween the age of IS and 25 years. The Necessity for this appears
nut very urgent. Hansbergh, it lam bees seen again and again, can'
make no effectual resistance against imam. How should she—
even though all her Harshess and lbargbeears were Spartans and
Amazons ? Her interests are ail is the gets of poem .and neac.in
the arts of war. What nation.—what Suite will be the srst to Ly
down the weapons of offence, is I eastoerlagairrfoe astidpation.
The (fakers are the strongest body we know of, relatively to their
number*. Have they not fated est that arms are not the real
omnipotence in the long num?

~i

;

PRUSSIAN LOAN, of 1822, negotiated by Mr.
N. M. Roensenn.n, in London.—The Half-yearly Div on
on
the above Loan, falling due on Friday, the lit of January neenxt, will
be paid on that, and every succeeding day (Saturdays and Sundays
excepted) by Mr. N. M. ROTHSCHILD. between the hours of Ten
and Two. The Dividend Warrants, with a Ust thereof in numerical
order, must be left two days previous for examination. The printed
forms to be previously called tor.
NEAPOLITAN LOA N.—The Half-yearly Dividend,
due on the above Loan, falling due do Friday, the Ist of January
next, will be paid on that, and every succeeding day (Saturday and
Sundays excepted) by Mr N. M. ROVISCHILD, on such Bonds as
have been negotiated by bini. The Dividend Warrants, with a
list thereof, in numerical order, must be left for examination two
days previous. The printed forms to be previously called for.
TH E EVENING STAR.

LON
WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 2.
PRICE OF STOCKS AT TWO DCLoCK.
Bank Stock 2163 17 India Stock 2283 9
3 per Cent. Red. 90 India Bonds 68 9
3 per Ct. Cons. 903 43 53 New Annuities
31 per Ct. 1818,991 100 41000 Exch.l3llis (94) 67 8
53 per Ct. Red. 993 100 2500 Ditto 67 9
4 per Cent. 1033 * 3 2100 and' 2200 Ditto 67 9
4 per Ct. 1826, 1053 6 S 1 Commercial,
Long Ann. 191 1 I I Advertised, 66
Do. so Years, 191 5-16th. Cons. for Jan. 943 I 3
FOREIGN FUNDS, TWO O'CLOCK.
Brasil Bds, spr Ct. Ditto Ace. 243 3 5 •
Do. Ace. 673 3 Ditto 100, 241
Colom. lids. 6 per Ct. . Perim. Bds. 6 p C. 111
Do. 11d5.1824, 211 Port. lids. 5 p. Ct.
Dkoish lid.. sr. Ct. 743 3 Do Acct. 51
Greek Bonds, 5 p Ct. This. Bds. 1822, 5 pr Ct. 1093
Do. 13d1.1825, spr Ct. 293 1 Sp. Bds. 5 per Ct.lll 1 3
Ditto Acct. 291 3 Ditto Act. 113
Mex. Bd.. 5 per a. Sp. 8d5.1825, 3 per Ct. Si
Do B. 1826,6 p C. 943
BRITISH AND FOREIGN SHARES, TWO O'CLOCK
.NA mt. PAID. PIZ MARL
Anglo Mexican (W. at 25 pm) 100 1130 SO 513
Ditto Subscrip. 10 121 19
Brasilia . Imp. (iss. 25 pm.) 35 20
3
Do. National gs 10 16
Real del Monte 400 400 73
United Alex, (is.. at 21 pm.) 40 293 17 18 173 18
stmeemElmenolosot
This morning dispatches were received at the Colo-
nial Office in Downing-street, from Major General
Sir JAMES LYON, Governor of Barbadoes; from
Governor MAXWELL, at St. Christopher's; from Major-
General Sir P. Ross, Governor of Antigua ; from Major-
General NIcoLAY, Governor of Dominica; from Major-
General Sir JAMES CAMPBELL, Governor of Grenada;
Major General Sir DAVID STUART, Governor of St.
Lucia ; from Sir C. BRISBAN S, Governor of St. Vincent's;
from Major Gen. BLAc icw ELL, Governor of Tobago; from
Major-General LEWIS GRANT, Governor of Trinidad;
from Major-General Sir B. D'UaBAN, Governor of De-
magma and Essequibo; and from Lieutenant-Governor
BEARD, at Berbice.

The numerous Parisian private correspondents of the
Times have found a formidable rival in the columns of

another Morning Paper, whose politics are quite as am-
phibious and contradictory as those of the " Leading
Journal." Although we are not prepared to ac-
quiesce in all that 0. P. Q. advances, still he
comes much nearer the truth, that either E.
E. B. —or the writer who signs himself X. does
in the Times. It is infinitely better that there should
be some e xaggeration ovh ere such high interests are at stake

than that attempts should be made to bolster up an unpopu-
lar Cabinet and rotten system, by sophistry and falsehood.
We have all along—even from our very first allusion to
French politics—prepared our readers for their inevitable
issue : namely, that the Korn would throw himself into
the arms of the Jesuits and ultra Royalists. Surely such

a fatality—approaching, as it does, to madness—har
ever befel a Monarch ! But the assertion of 0. P. Q.

that France is hastening towards Republican Institutions
—is a stretch beyond the fact. We admit that
the measures of the Court, ever since the restoration, have
had a powerful tendency to bring Royalty into disrepute ;
but we are convinced that the liberal party do not en-
tertain the project of establishing a republican form of
Government. The whole country is besides averse from
incurring again the risk and miseries brought on by the
revolution ; and the people of France—with all their
versatility—have too much sagacity not to apprehend
that the abolition of the monarchy would lead to another

fitruggle on the part of the remaining Sovereigns of Eu.
, rope. Should the King persist in his present fatal
course, we should rather be inclined to anticipate a
transfer of the crown to the ORLEANS branch: we know
this plan has been frequently discussed among the leaders
in both Chambers. Whatever the future destinies of
France may be we are again irresistibly impelled to press
upon the Ministers of this country the necessity of pro-
fiting—ere it be too late—by the lessons which are read-
ing to them from the opposite side of the channel. Above
all, we would hope that there is no truth in the oft-re-
peated assertion of their having clandestinely interfered,
to promote the elevation of the Prince DE POLIGNAC.
An act of greater temerity, or more fertile in fatal conse-
quences, could not be attributed to any set of men. If, on
the other hand, the Noble Duke and his friends have the
smallest weight with CRARLES X. let them at once
counsel him to yield to the loudly-expressed and unani-
mous remonstrances of his subjects : for by no other
course can he hope to preserve his Crown, and avert
another convulsion in this country, and a general collision
in Europe. The Correspondent of the Morning Chro-
nick , has remarked with great good sense on the indiffer-
ence to passing events in France, which is so strikingly
manifested by the London Journals ; and aptly quotes the
frequent assertions of the Times, that there is nothing
in the French Papers except disputes about
a new Ministry, which is a subject only inte-
resting to thembelves. In opposition
,to this flippant
absurdity, we bare been continually directing the atten-
lion of Ministers and ,the public to France ; and we now
meat, thatahe state of popular feeling there, prevails
more of lass throughout Europe, Indeed, how can we
•enpect it otherwise, when we see the same system of,

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