Star.
London, England, 1828-11-26 00:00:00

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF ICING'S EMU, Nov. 25.
TRIAL AT DAR—SIXTH DAT.
TH2 SSEOUTORS of JOSHUA BONE U. BUXTON.
The plaintiff's evidence in reply was continued.
Mr. Edward Coode. who hid been 26 years steward
of the manor of Tewington, stated, that he never dur-
ing that •period attended a special court. The witness
deposed to the nature of the holding within-the manor,
and the ratipective tights eif the lords and tenants. He
also proved the cutting and sale of timber by the te-
nants of the manor, and stated that the mines which
bad been worked within the manor, and which were
spoken of by the witnesses for the defendant, were within
the wastes of the manor, and not within tba enclosed
lands.

Cross-examined—There were a gteat many tene-
ments of the manor enfranchisul when Mr. Rashleigh
was the lord. When the customary tenants purchased.
they geoerally gave the reserved rent at forty years'
purchase, on Which the lord of the manor gave a re-
lease of the freehold. Witness did not consider it a part
of his duty to look after reparations.
The Deputy Auditor and Keeper of the Records for
the Darby produced% lease of duchy land from the
Duke of Cornwall to Charles Rashleigh, dated the 21st
of December, 1792, granted for 99 years, determinable
on three lives. Also a set of the 2911) of October, 1768,
of lands in Ghwern, from the executors of Sir William
Lemon, containing a license to dig "for copper, lead,
rind all other minerals except tin.
Mr. Eiward Coode, jun. produced an old manor
book of Tewington, and read from it two entries of
surrenders, in 1793, of lands in the manor of Tewing-
ton ; also of presentments by the homage of the death
of Thomas Carlion, the tenant stating that an her ii.t was
payable to the lord, and that the widow bad a right of
eopyment of the tenement fur her life.
Mr. Coode also produced a copy r f a court roll of
the 16th of May, 1661, containing the ,utrender of
Oliver Saul, and a new taking by Joseph Saul, of 4 tent-
:Bea called Towern, " to hold to him and his heirs arid
as,igni for ever, accordin to the custom of the manor,'
(excepting Shepherd's-hill).
The.nest documents were court tolls between tbe
yeas 1606 and 1774. containing surrenders of tene-
ments in Nanta Mellott, and new admittances. In thess
documents the holding of tl e tenants was descr bed to
be to them," their heirs and assigns for ever, atcordiog
to the custom of the manor, by the rents and services
therefore due and of right accustomed; and they give
blew K ng filing a fine, and found 'pledges, as well
.for the pa yme.nt of the sent a, for repairs and other set-
Aires to be done and performed."
.... The Sher es accounts and rolls of particulars of the
.issues received by the S ewatds of . Cornwall were next
produced. They embraced the petiod-from 1297 to
1323. From. the copies ' which were read, it appeared
that tolls and fines of tin were entered as received, but
so mention *as made of toll or fine of copper.
• -.The grant rf the Earldom of Cornwall to John of
Elton in the 4th of Edward 111. was 'net put in. The
.aonual.sum ot spi. out of the revenues of the county,
was into to tile Earl to preserve the dignity of tbe
Earldom. .
J•neph Newton, an agent for several bound-onnersin
the manor of Tyseerne-liale, the whole of which is un-
der bounds, stated that he was well acquainted with
several mines within that manor. Great St. George
and Wheal liamoth were copper and tin mines within
the wane land. Wheal Rock, Weal Jacker, and Wheal
- Charles. were copper mines within the wane. The latter
had been working by its pment name four or five yews.
Wheal Goodluck and Wheal Elam= net, also cover
mines in the waste. Prince Call and Wheal Maly,
.nrese in enclosed lauds; they had been worked. for cop-
per, but It'd never returned any. Paine,* Roy* wa a
stopper mine in enclosed lend; the away: of it vas Me.
TeaJ, syllO was also Pa; if Ibn edittllnterg . 11111441
rseedorn mine, which etas pitith in wAsto 140. PVIII
. in enclosed hied, 44 beep wpik.ll ft* copper.; it. bad
. been a orked In the waste*, a sigh fen oc sje rears ago.
, . Cross-egatnitted--I bad notl/410g1t) 4o sititia the s.e•
turns of sbe. ;DPW; flint!' van tvl,9 totliter tin. miackr.
-:lseaiderr.lth• se I k_Atte toes,tionsd, wfghiog in cocioted
land; 1 think the stepper mines„ smith the est_eption of
one, are not worked under enclosed lands. The mine
. called Wheal Owlet. *lva was formerly kpoln by
• the name of Gtaudilt, bad-ssurface workings in
ea-
closed land.. - - •
Th Ana.. Batson proved thin he held lands inTy werop
he', maim!. The stdventurncs in the Gambler mina.
never came upon his finds. • . .
Joseph Cockinfa minrinntain, deposed that he Wars
visaged in an,a entureto-wotk certain mines in the
rumor of Tywcinebale, and thet before the shaft w is
sunk, he was obliged to' purchase per mis.ion i f the
owner of the soil; and alto to pay certain dues to the
Onchy lessees. In some other lauds I.e and his brother
',adventurers were obliged to desist ft om their operations,
liecitiai dies could not obtain leave to sink a shaft.
Stephen. Pisree, teller of Sir W. Lento.), proved that
be bad paid 181. to Pail for damage done to the sm.
fnee -of the soil by working in the (rambler init.',
bit sidmitted, on cross-examination, that there was a
clause in Paul's lease by which be was specially enitled
to compensation.
• . The musters of the tenants to certain interrogatories
propounded to them at the court krt of the manor of
• Stokes Ckorsland, in 1668, were then• put in to prove
the cOstnnti of 'the manor.
Mut Kart Rrivarnoc karql. the stews lEd of Sir W. Cap,
42904 tAlt SIF W ionk 11i.41.18e 4.114,11.11.0 r
ce
lapd. in, O w R *Pa Stroke 0144:1P4. S;F:WinioP.?
has an eitate called, Sisf.oici4 aimiamother caned WO:
‘eigh• is that rnannr,and raises stones and cuts trmher
upon it. whfcb he sells and, can off.` • N lbws: had
!Ist In bi cl, ii 4 lifter wacria dlipo,iittainiL Rpm, who.,
came to dig Irg copper 01s. Bfidleigh.
• On cro.s-exurninatior, he, admitted; that an action
had been btopgljt appst him 10f that di/possession,
Ind that the Duchy gents knew nothing o his selling
she timber.
John King Lethbridge, steward of the manor of

Stokas,Climpland, wa. atm; called to pATlrthecOsitellis,
ae. of thsA msnu•, as wis also a witocss of the name of
.Thomas Treveidan. who described hirose)t op." itio,d7
:fourscore," and Ow spite Rng)i.b so indistinctly that
One of his friends was sworn w interpret truly to , the
Court wh st he spid.
John F.lp, Richard Refallick, and George Rose, were
milled to prove that money had been paid in that Manner
to the owners of the soil for breaking uptbe. surface for
copper.
Similar evidence was then offered as to the custom
In the tosnpys of Tiptoge) and He:stoue•iu-Trig by other

witnesses.
It was proved by various witnesses, that the holders
of land in the mapwr of Ttementon had been in the

habit of working quarries on their property, and dis
posing of the stunts by sale or °the; wise as they thought
proper. It however appeared from the cross-exunina-
tion, that stone being very abundant in Cornwall, was
of very little value, and to adopt the phrase of one of
the wijneAss, fil hardly worth looking after." It was
also state,) that there nese no mines in the manor.
One witness proved that Mr. Carihew, when he was
in the possession of Nancy Le Mellon about thirty-nine
years ago, cut down timber on the estate, and sold it

by public auction.
Mr. Brown deposed, that five years ago he applied
to the duchy office for permission to inspect the roils,
and was refused.
The Artroawev Gsunust. asked the sitness whether
be was not aware that the permission had been subset.
quently granted.
The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE—It is sufficiently proved
that it has; besides, if it had been otherwise, they would
have bad their remedy.
Mr. BROUGHAM observed that his clients had been
denied the remedy to .which his Lordship alluded. lie
had applied for a 'mandator*, but it was refused, on the'
ground that the King could not command himself.
This WAS the plaintiff's case.
The ATTORNRY GRNLIAL then proJuced various old
rolls of the Manor C oft of Tewington, which were
read, and showed that the customary tenants within the
manor had from time to time suireodered their estates
to the puke of Cornwall, and taken- swamis on the
{Appetit of tines, 4c. it according to the custom of the
manor."
The evidence being concluded en both sides,
The Lotto Cuts, Jusrice, at a few minutes before
seven o'clock. adjourned the proceeJings igkio-witow
at eleven o'clock.
THE RING'S WARRANT, •
At the suing of the pintt, the King's Warrant Was
lead, authorising the Poison Judges to sit its Banco out
of Term.

.r

-•
Lord TINTERDRN, addrissinit the Bar, said—''-The
ordinary busiuess of the Court has been so interrupted
this teem, partly by the extraordinary length of,the pits
coeding at bar now. before us, and partly by the severe
indisposition cf our eery leained,amiable, and excellent
bet.ther Holroyd, whose valuable assistance we so long
,have had, and who is nose re.ired, that we hope and
trust that the Gentlemen at the bar will feel it their
duty to attend to the business before my brothers, who
will sit io. the bail court after term, in order thet
their clients may have their interests protectediaud that
none of the cases may be struck oat of the pap's." .
Mr. Justice BATLEY then intimateth that he.ned4oi
learned brothers would commence their sittings ou Ibtoff•
day week, and paticeed ficst with the Clown paper, arid
afterwards With the country new ttials, with the excep-
tion of those from. the•notib. The -sitting* Would be
continues' from the fah to the Sgth qf. December, and
from the I Sth to the 224 el January. inclusive.
COURT OF. COMMON -FLEAS, Nov: WS.
• . (Scateis.hslitato.)
41141111UTPXR1 V. PAlrpt APD • OTSIARar AISIGNIOS ON
11.147111 DPT. •
This was an action of trover to recover pos.ession of.
a c utiage retained and sohl by theassianees of
a coachmaker, in Charles-shear, Middlesex I;Lelpitill, as
part of his estate as a bankrupt. It appeared• that the
plairtiff bad contracted with fors cartiame of
a certain description, for which he gate a horse chaise
and harness and a sum tf money. The carriage was
completed, with the cacti tints of a driver's seat, but it
never was delivered to Mr. Cartuthess, who went abroad
for some time, and on his return brrnitlit his action in
'ibis Court. and the Jury retained a verdict in his fa-
intly—de/woe, Votg.. A rule had been obtained to
show cause why this settlict should not be set aside,
and the Lord Chief Justice having explained the nature
of the case,
Mr. Sergeant Wit.oe showed cause why the ver,fict
shonld be sustained.
Syrgeaut TADDT supported the rule upop three
points. First, that if the carriage was not furnisheclis
(rte temps of the contract, it would not become the subs
left of !rover as defiled in law. Second, that the chariot'
Was io ctn. poipes,sioo, Were or disposition of the bank-
rtapt uptil COM( Icted according to contract, and'a
livery. made. Third, that the plaintiff dij not bring his
action against the assignees within the time specified ip
the 44th of Geo. illl. Which limits the period of, ins*
toting, soch. claims to Otte; numiths.
flis {.onto Cuter, JusTicirt did not consider the first
of these Opluts valim4, because the plaintiff bad raid the
money and performed 11,:s part of the contract. and had
afkers‘ards deal; with Malsliell for a specific thing,
ahiCh he had a right to demand, although it might re-
'quire some addition. - The second he thought equally
ontenahre; but the third was one on which he enter-
ruined some doubt, and would therefore reserve it..foy
considei inks).
The other Judges (with the exception of Mr. Just4e.
BURROW:3If,, wholtela that all the points were inadmis-
sible) concurred with the Lord Chief Justice.
IRIFLAXD V. HINDI..
Mr. Sergeant Stianuit had, in this case, obtained a
rule to set aside the outlawry passed against the de.
fendant, on the ground that the plaintiffs attorney knew
whei e he could be forbid, as the Jelendant cams to tot°
every day, and had not remained from borne to evade
the process of Court.
Mr. S re pt Wtapi endeavoured to show cause
against thelule,but die affidavits he produced, although
they stated an applipation at the house of defendant, did
,not Tertian any being made at his place of business;
`and as it bad b, en distinctly sworn on the other side that
hp 4 groceeded every day the weather permitted, from
Jeasitaty to June, to hip piece of business in an open
liarriege, acid as the plaintiff's affidavit only spoke of an
'attempt to serve the process antecedent to that period,
The Coyne rave their opinion, that the present was
'an catnip!r of the abuse of process, mid made the role
aim;lute
..... •

ti

COURT OF CON-DELRGATES, Nov. IS.
w. DLIDD/jIDGA AND WAND.
Thi, It as a case of sabtraciion cf seamen's wages,
%; right by appeal from the High Com of Admiralty.
Di. Aortissra for the appellant, now mowed that the
'warrant should be rent up for the hearing of-the else
by the whole Cornialiron; which' war agreed to art/re
oilier side, and the warrant was ordered to be sea op.
There was no other case before the Court.

. •

roixa INTELLgigNeIi•
,
ANSiON HISUSIL
A yawns man named Grass, alias Wkise, was brouglallefeyn ts
Loan fileyon: charged with having lurked about the preppie's of
Mr. Brown, of Basinghall street, with intent to rob.
The pri.oner, it appeared, had called at the warehouse ip the
morning, and a.krd for a person who did not reside there. He
scion afterwarde called again, and asked for another; and in the
evening, when it was dark, be was seen in a wall court close to
the premises, which court was not a thoroughfare.
The prisoner denied that he had called at the premises in the
menthes, and stared that his object in appearing in the evening was
far unto being a diatomst one.
The loan MAYOR, asked him what trails or profession be be.
longed to? He replied, that he had officiated as steward in a mer-
chant vessel, and sailed to Peru ; and that he bad seen a great deal
of the world.
The Lana Matron said, that in all probability he had 'topped for
a while in Van Uktnen's Land.
The prisoner seemed rather annoyed at this supposition. Ile was
not, he said, away' that he had touched at that gnat's..
The Loom MAYOR.—Think for a while; I think you touched at
Botany lily—(A laugh).
Prisoner—liotaoy Bay ! Oh dear, no ! I don't think it pos.
slble—( Laughter).
The Loan Nieves—l think you'll find I'm right. Pray, is not
your name White? Prisoner—(affrighted)— White ! No, my Lord;
I should think not.
Mr. Brown said, be now perfectly recullected the prisoner, whom
name was White, and whose father was transported some time agq
for robbery.
The Prisoner—My name is Green. I never was called White;
and it my father was transported, I know nothing about it. I don't
think any thing of the kind happened to me—( Laughter).
The Loao Marcia thought the case wee one which would waits
rapt him in committing the prisoner as a rogue and vagabond.—le,
wss evident that, from the 'circumstance of his inquiring in the
morning, 'and lurking about in the evening. and adopting a wrong
sane, that his intention was to commit felony.
Mr. Brown said, that several warehouses in the neighbourhood
bed been robbed of cloth.
Mr. Mohler said, his Lordship was perfectly warranted is com-
mitting the poisoner.
pripmet begged that the Lord Mayor would look at the words
4 the Act, which he considered did not include Isis cams He then
rioted out a passage which, he believed, placed hint out of the
~forration of the Act.
Hts Lordship, however, convicted and sentenced hint to three
Months' imprisonment and hard labour in the Mouse of Correction.
A Paddington coachman wakbrought before the Lord Mayor,
charged with having committed a most outrageous assault upon a
Gentleman.
The complainant appeared in the Justiee-room with the blood
'greenling from his head and face, and told the Loan Maros that
he had bet; just assaulted by a coachman in the most cruel and
wanton manner. As be was riding along, the coachman struck his
horse with a whip, upon which he turned about. and reproached
the fellow for having done what might have proved a most dan-
gerous thing. The coachmtn instantly struck him with the beadle
of the whip about the head. The complainant had, in the fast in-
stance, applied for a summons ; but
The Loan Maros immediately granted a warrant,. wbkh was
Torthwith executed. As 'rent as the Coachman saw the complainant,
he dropped down upon his-town, and begged forgiveness in con-
sideration of his wife 10 sic ehithicen. Tco his the mplai
4nant ap-
pearsd willing to groat; but
The Loao dlevois sail, be could not allow any thing of the
kind. To permit violence of so aggravated a nature to pass with
impunity, would be an act of great injustice to the public.
I The defendant was then, in default of bail, committed to prison,
GUILDHALL.
Margaret .la4nasts was charged by Mr. Barret, the-Governor of
tbe'Debtoe's Prison in Whitecress-street, with attempting to con-
vey into that prison belt a sanest of sin. (king suspected when
she presented Iscrielf at the inner gate ter admission, she was told
to walk into an °We, where she immediately let a bladder of spi-
rite fail from udder her clothes.
Th-e prisoner, in ber defence, put in a letter, and cried and begged
for mercy on her knees. The letter Rated that she had recentlY
arrived foam Scotland, and was in distress, because her husband, a
journeyman baker working iiThantetstreet would not assist her.
As she confessed the name of the party by whom she had beers
employed to arty the spirits, Mr. Alderman WJAITIIMAIR sentenced
bee to only 14 days imprisonment, and humanely permitted her to
sake her child, a boy about 15 years old, with her, her greatest
ttpub4 appearing to be lestirnf harm should happen to him during
her confinement.
James Gemlike was charged with smithies Maria, his wife, in
Sunday last.
. Pepin the statement of the wife, it appeared they had been mar-
ried only. threepionths; and the occasion of their quarrel was, an
unfortunate frustration of his gastronomic anticipations just at the
last Modulo before dinner. He had invited a friend to dine with
"been, and she went out to fetch the beer at one o'clock, leaving
esiote pickled pork and potatoes" doing nicely" on the fire. When
she returned. having been, absent but ten minutes. she found the
potatoes had broken, and crumbled into a mash. This was such a
disappointment to her busbando kat hewn unappeasable, and could
not be prevailed upon to touch a morsel. She was not so squeamish
about having her potatoes nicely done, and aceordingly made a
.bearty. angel, although her husband sat grumbling in a comer, raking
up every thing this was likely to annoy her; and when' she role
from the table indliegan to sweep the door, he gave bee a smack is
the face. She was obliged to leave him at night, becaussab
threatened to knock her brains out. 'They bad nut lived toga
.
since then.
The hush:nd allowed that the immediate cane of dispute was
the spoiling of his dinner ; but the latent one was, that she had
stopped half an boor when she went for the beer, and was generally
out of temper and abusive, because he would not allow her to fee-
' quent dancing rooms and cock and hen clubs, as she had been used
to before be married her.
Mrs. Gouldee denied that *be felt any desire to do so now. All
she now wished was, that her husband should be bound " to keep
bia hands op:"
14r. Alderman WAITAIMAN asked the husband,. If be did-not
knew
,that dancing was reckoned an accomplishment in a young
,44
Gritibler, looking earnestly at his Worship, shook his bead, by
lway of intimating his opinion thereon.
Mr. Alderman WAITUMAN, after saying all be could to reconcile
=gag couple, dismissed them, taking the busband'i own re-
ce in £10; to keep the peace for the future.

BOW-STREET.
Yesterday morning Merles Peres, an ill looking man, about the
age of thirty years, and decently attired,-was placed at the bar, and
ire-examined on a charge of having teturned from transportation,
the term for which be had been sentenced not having expired.
George Brown stated that he knew the prisoner very well, from
his having bsen tried at the Old'Bailey Sessions some time ago. He
~aw Mr. Shelton sign his conviction; but the prisoner, about the
smooth of August, with two others, escaped from the ship &Berri.
phon. He faunal the prisoner at the House of Correction, and
Invest him away. The primmer thou acknowledged that his name
Yktes.
Chat les Burke deposed that he wale witness against the prisoner
when be was tried at the Old Bailey Sessions, on a charge of but.
glnimisly entering the house of a Mr. Peacock. He was capitally
eonvicted end sentenced to death, but the sentence was afterwards
cynemuted to transportation fur life.
Panic' Read, au officer, deposed that on the 2011 of August last
be apprehended the prisoner hi the stleet:For having ffintsareaking
thnpleasent• in his posses ion, with intent to commit a burglary.
The charge was fully proved against him, and be was committed to
the House of Correction for three months.
This being the whole of the evidence against him, and he not
having any thing to say in his defence, he was fully committed fir
trial; and the witneetee boned ever in the necessary recognisaams
to prearmie.
MARLBOROUGH-STREET. •
James Maiming, i Irish shoemaker, was charged with having
assaulted Judy Mabony, a vender of =lons, apd steeling ham her
person a pound of bacon.
Sir G. Faxisawr—Well, Mrs. Mawr?, how did he assault you?
Judy—Vihy, plate your-Honour, Sir, be gave me a big dig in the
Prisoner—l deny that, your Worship; I never-WI tats at all.
Judy—Bad manners to you, but you did, Jim; you bat me a imp
in the mouth, et; you did, and my head was singing like a tay-kittle
for an hour afterwards, your Worship.
Sir Groaea--Wbat have you to say to that, Me. Uanaleg
Prisoner— Why, your Worship's Honour, I hope .yew waft
bliklA chat Goirran et all at all, for thefts is no mils in key, plate
your Worship. I didn't strike lit
•ity no manes, but she sthruck
me first.
Judy—Ob, blessed hear! Ooly listen to that, your•Worshlp.
Why. I nevgr sthruch a man since DI/ pother bend am Goons
bet soul!
Sir Gagigg,,wpti, y see there 4 no getting at the truth of the
assault. Let me hear now what you have to say about the bacon /
- Judy—Stop awhile, your Honour, and ni bathos you snubs* lie. (hi. ftifiAlay your blessour. 4/ labliffkat'a my buslogld,
your llonoor), get a listlejnit usitqwbura, wigs that same black-
guard bacon staler, your bloomer; and so I met the pair of them
in the ihreet, and that 'Opens rammed his ugly list into my apron
(and he tore it all to stnitheis by the same token), and ran away

With my beautiful bit d liffffht4t.i was just din 6.,a
girmy ItOMlMlllaft dart* rnr• asi
qgoare—tis (My true, Mr. Mantling?
PrisonFt—Go'b forbid; your tionoser, vice the"
woman and her husband—the deyil "sate" the pair of
lives in Roy Nom. So on Saturday night we all went oat to
some Sunday dinner; and so, your Miniver. mother MAO
bought some " fAt dabs?' of bacon, and I bought this situ, pollY
of " prime " Nemo, and *ben we got home Mrs. Mahony
ter fist dabs for supper, and wanted me to fry soy Solway, diab•-•
and " becase" I didn't think it "adequate" to do so,
Honour. Mr. Malonny cocked his liv upon the table, and imaZ
every i• stick "of crockery that I had in ttie'hirsaed world --'
Sir Guaira e—Well; you. at all events, contrived to "save
bacon." and I advise you all to go home and nuke a "'monk*:
and be good friends.
The pastas* Wuk the blaglitrate's ffbice. and left the Are.
QUEEN SQUARE.
Yesterday James Illsopies, driver. nf. a !wharf-mark Ina
charged with a brutal assault upon Tbalwas Barlow. an old %he
pensioner.
Barlow waseartying some whorls on his shoulders toTottenlina,
court road, and was walking at the edge of the pantoput, near die
Admiralty, when the defendant drove the pole of his coach agaiNa
him, and knocked him into the road.' lie afterearda met lust
in Pall Mall. And again assaulted him.
He was hoed 40s. and 7s costs ; but not toeing able to psi the
Coat, be was committed to TothUi.tieida Own for 14 days.

H ATTON-G A R DEN.
William Appleby the barn Master in Clunctry.witolaat charm
with alrfrAtoting several perilous of sums of mot-y, wa.
again brought before the 31aghtrate. No fresh etricitiKe „„,
duced, sod the prisoner was connuitted.for trial.

W011,3111P-STiIIIET.
Three men, meted Ilarris, Cool, and Pearce, the sot, „iv
at
the pafrol at Walthamstow, were brought up for further etanuto.
doe. It appeared that on last Sunday night two of tit;
street patrol, at Lea bridge, stopped Harris, who was tarrying
large basket, which was fided with hoese.nails, hor.e.sheei,
about nineteen old keys. On inquiring how he beeline p,„„.,,d
of them ? he said he brought them front Pearee's took ; and a
searching the prisoner, a large quantity of purse-nails were Neil
in his pockets.
Mr. Oawsoss said, he keeps a veterinary forge in asisea,,resto
Finsbury, and that.the prisoner Cork had been in his emphyrelds
for the last fourteen months. lie missed many ankles fists kit
preemies, and although he toil& nal identify the articles to be we.
yet he tbought. It time were ailow,d him, he should ha slim
produce the man that made she hotse•shoes.—Yearn was di s.
charged, and the other two were remodesl.