The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1839-06-25 00:00:00

SELECT EXTRACTS.

FORCE OF HABIT.—A toper in New Orleans taking a
check to a bank to be cashed, was asked by the teller how
how he would have it ? He replied instantly, " Cold if you
please, and without sugar."

MINUTENESS OF THE ELEMENTS OF MATTER.—Musk :
It is said that a grain of musk is capable of perfuming for
several years a chamber twelve feet square without sustain-
ing any sensible diminution of its volume or its weight. But
such a chamber contains 2,985,984 cubic inches, and each
cubic inch contains 1000 cubic tenths of inches, making, in
all, nearly_three billions of cubic tenths of an inch. Now it
is probable, indeed almost certain, that each such cubic tenth
of an inch of the air of the room contains one or more of the
particles of the musk, and that this air has been changed
many thousands of times. Imagination recoils before a com-
putation of the number of the particles thus diffused and ex-
pended. Yet have they altogether no appreciable weight or
magnitude.—Metallic Solutions: Let one grain of copper
be dissolved in nitric acid. A liquid will be obtained of a
blue colour ; and if this solution be mingled with three pints
of water, the whole will be sensibly coloured. Now three
pints contain 104 cubical inches, and each linear contains at
least one hundred equal parts distinguishable by the eye ;
each cubical inch contains, then, at least one million of such
parts, and the 104 cubical inches of this solution 104 millions
of such parts ; also each of these minute parts of the solution
is coloured, otherwise it would not be distinguishable from
the rest ; each such part contains then a portion of the nitrate
of copper—the colouring substance. Now from each particle
of this nitrate, the copper may be precipitated in the state of
metallic powder—every particle of which is, therefore, less
than the 104 millionth of a grain in weight.—The attenuation
of Gold Leaf : An ounce of gold is equal in bulk to a cube,
each of whose edges is 5-12ths of an inch, or nearly half an
inch, in length, so that placed upon a table it would cover
nearly one quarter of a square inch of its surface, standing
nearly half an inch in height. This cube of gold the gold-
beater extends until it covers 146 square feet ; and it may
readily be calculated, that to be thus extended, from a sur-
face of 5-12ths of an inch squrre to one of 140 square feet, its
thickness must have been reduced from half an inch to the
290-636th part of an inch. Fifteen hundred such leaves of
gold, placed upon one another, would not equal the thickness
of paper on Which this [book] is printed.—Gilding of Thread
for Embroidery : This proctss is this described by Reamur,
as practised in his time :—A cylinder of silver, 360 ounces in
weight, is cased with a cylinder of gold, at most six ounces
in weight. This cylindrical mass of 366 ounces of metal is
then drawn by a powerful force through a series of circular
holes in a plate of steel continually diminishing in diameter,
until it attains the state of a wire so thin that 202 feet in
length weigh but the sixteenth of an an ounce ; the whole
langth of the wire into which it is now drawn being 1,182,912
feet, or about 981 leagues. This wire is then passed between
rollers, which, in the act of flattening it, elongate it one-
seventh, and its total length thus becomes 1121 leagues. The
width of the flattened thread is now 1-Bth of a line, or 1-96th
of an inch ; and supposing, with Reaumur, that a cubical
foot of gold weighs 21,220 ounces, and a cubical foot of silver
11,523 ounces, it may readily be alculated that the thickness
of this gilded thread is very nearly the 1-3108th part of an
inch. Now what is the thickness of the plate of gold which
envelopes it ? Calculating on the same principles as before,
we readily arrive at the conclusion, that the thickness of this
plate of gold is 1-713,136 th of an inch. Now gilded threads
are made by a process similar to this, in which only 1-3 d the
proportion of gold is used. There is spread over these,
therefore, a continuous plate of gold less than the two-mil-
lionth part of an inch in thickness. The silver may be taken
out of its gold case by plunging the thread in nitric acid, by
which the silver will be attacked through the extremities of
the gold case, and dissolved, whilst the gold will remain un-
touched by it. This being done, and the hollow gold case
being examined, it is found to be a perfectly continnous plate,
and to possess in this state of extreme attenuation all the
sensible and all the chemical properties which belong to the
metal.—Moseley's Illustrations of Science.
COMICAL EPISTLE.—A respectable tradesman in this city
last week received the following silgular letter from a cele-
brated straw chair maker, residing in the vicinity of Denbigh,
whose talent in his line far exceeds his knowledge in or-
thography. It is in reality an application for £l. 10s. which
a gentleman owed to the Cambrian artizan for making six
chairs, and for which our friend in Chester guaranteed pay-
ment :—" I had a Much Disappointment, Sir, About the
Straw Cheers, Aternately from Llannefur to Chester, but it
Hapeued According the Proberb (Between 2 without Non)
Mr. J. comands mi in the Beginning, to send a Bill with the
chears, an so I did. My son tooe been 2 times in Denbigh
expect for the money—and you Sir sent mi again to Mr. Jos,
—I went to the next Morning and Mr. J. said to mi I
ought No Farthin to Mr. (at Chester) I thought the
gentlemen to Left a Money with mi to ,pay for the chears,
but I settld all the money with Him in the Big Parlour be-
fore goin Home. I pray you Sir to senting them (the money)
to day with the Carier, without delay, as I can get them (the
money) Nex Wensday. 1 am, THOS. MORRIS, that is, you
know £l. 10s. Od."—Chester Gazette.
EARLY LANCASHIRE NEWSPAPERS.—In the Manchester
Courier and Chronicle of Saturday last, a paragraph appeared,
stating that the first Lancashire newspaper was published by
Messrs. Eyre, of Warrington, in July, 1756 ; but, on refer-
ring to Timperley's " Dictionary of Printers and Printing,"
just published, we find the seven following newspapers all
were published before Eyre's Weekly Journal :—The Liver-
pool Courant, printed by S. Terry, Dale-street ; No. 18,
July 18th, 1712. Manchester Weekly Journal, printed and
sold by Roger Adams ; No. 325, March 15th, 1725. Whit-
worth's Manchester Gazette; No. 1, Dec. 22d, 1730. The
British Courant, or Preston Journal, printed by James
Stanley and John Moon, 1745. Harrop's Manchester Mer-
cury; No. 1, March 3d, 1752. The Manchester Journal,
printed by S. Scholfield and M. Turnbull; No. 1, March 2d,
1754 ; and Williamson's Liverpool Advertiser ; No. 1, May
28th, 1756.—Manchester Guardian.
STREETS OR WHAT-YOU-WILL OF ROTTERDAM.—Persons
who are accustomed to see towns composed of streets with
carriage-ways in the centre, behold in Rotterdam much to
astonish them. In penetrating through the town from the
Boomjes, we come to street after street, each consisting of a
wide harbour or haven of water in the middle, lined with
trees on both sides, and exhibiting a mixture of lofty gable
fronts of Ifouses, trees, and masts of shipping, as odd as it is
interesting. Water and water-craft meet the eye in every
direction. You find yourself in the midst of a town in which
it is difficult to say whether there a greater number of houses
or ships. The deep havens stretch lengthwise and crosswise,
like the meshes of a net, through the city ; and at every short
interval is perceived a drairbridge of white painted wood,
constructed with ponderous balancing beams overhead, and
raised by means of chains, for the passage of vessels to and
fro. The ground beneath the trees is paved with small yellow
bricks, and is chiefly occupied as quays for the landing of
goods. The space from the trees to near the houses is paved
in the usual coarse manner for carts and carriages, and here
the foot passengers are generally obliged to walk, for small
outshot buildings, flights of steps to doorways, and such like
interruptions, prevent any regular thoroughfare on the small
brick trottoirs close by the houses. The strases:ing of foot
passengers in the middle of the streets is therefore a distinct
feature in all Dutch towns, and the only comfort is, that, the
streets are more than ordinarily clean for this mode of loco-
motion. The havens are in few places protected by chains
from the streets, so that there is a constant liability to acci-
dents, particularly at night, when the darkness is but poorly
relieved by oil lamps, dangling, Parisian fashion, from ropes
stretched betwixt the trees and the houses. Latterly, a pors
tion of Rotterdam has been lighted with gas • but, according
to a parsimonious plan, the lamps are not lighted when the
moon is expected to shine ; so that during many nights of
theoretical moonlight, but practical darkness, a stranger
would require to have a lantern carried before him, if he
wished to avoid tumbling into any one of the many havens
which intersect his path. The deaths from drowning in the
havens, I was informed, average one in the week-throughout
the year.—Chambers' Excursion.
ARISTOCRACY OF ROTTERDAM.—Rotterdam, with a popu-
lation of 80,000 persons, is essentially a city of merchants.
It has no aristocracy of birth or rank. Merchants are the
greatest of its citizens, and in themselves constitute an
aristocracy which has no parallel anywhere except in Am-
sterdam. They are an unostentation, hard-toiling set of
men, and seem to confine their attention to their own pri-
vate circle and their business. Though in many instances
possessing much wealth, they very rarely show any fancy for
recreations of .a refined character. Many of them, as I was
informed on different occasions, scrupulously adhere to a
practice of keeping always at least one-third of their savings,
in the form of hard cash, in a stron box in their possession.
If such be the case, and it is quite consistent with all that I
learned of the economical habits of the people, the amount of
coined money locked up from public use in Holland must be
immense. While at Rotterdam, I was told of Serious mer-
chants who had realized great wealth by a lifetime of the most
assiduous labour in their kantoors. One of the most remark-
able men of this class is Mr. Van Hoboken of Rhoon and
Pendrecht, who lives on one of the havens. This individual
began life as a merchant's porter, and has in process of time
attained the highest rank among the Dutch mercantile aris-
tocracy. He is at present the principal owner of twenty
large ships in the East India trade, each, 1 was informed,
worth about £14,000, besides a large landed estate, and
much floating wealth of different descriptions. His estab-
lishment is of vast extent, and contains departments for the
building of ships, and manufacture of all their necessary
equipments. This gentleman, until lately, was in the habit
of giving a splendid fete once a year to his family and friends,
at which was exhibited with modest pride the porter's truck
which he drew at the outset of his career. One seldom hears
of British merchants thus keeping alive the remembrance of
early meanness of circumstances.—Chambers' Excursion.
RED GIANT GOLIAH RHUBARB.—In the market gardens
around London, a large species of rhubarb is extensively Nil-
tivated, with which the various excellent markets of the Me-
tropolis are well supplied ; but beyond the range of a few
miles, the particular kind to which we would direct the at-
tention of our farming friends, is comparatively little known,
the generality of country gardens being disgraced with a root
or two of dock-like pleats, with stalks no thicker than a fin-
ger, fibres like whipcord, and a flavour ! TJh ! No wonder
how few persons thus possessed, should like rhubarb tarts !
No wonder they disguise the taste with shrivelled apples just
going out of season, or gooseberries just coming in ! The
noble plant which we would recommend to every living being
who owns a patch of garden ground,is as superior to the old-
fashioned naaseous plant just mentioned, as our cultivated
celery is superior to the rank wild weed of the same name
growing by muddy ditches. One Is•ould be led to suppose,
that from the rarity of the giant rhubarb, it was difficult of
cultivation, tender, and troublesome to manage ; whereas, it
is as easily propagated as any other perennial vegetable ; is so
hardy that no degree of frost which we have ever experienced,
will injure it ; and of all esculents for pies and puddings, it
is the most readily prepared. It is so prolific that half a do-
zen roots would keep a small family constantly supplied, du-
ring four months of the year; that is, from the beginning or
middle of April (according to the forwardness or backward-
ness of the season), until the beginning or middle of August.
We have known instances ot this, fruit must we style it ?
being preferred to all others for the purpose of pastry, through-
out the summer, even where fruits of every kind abound.—
We have known stalks of the Red Goliah Rhubarb to mea-
sure six inches in circumference and nearly two feet in length,
so that only one of them has been required for a pudding ; so
delicate and soft, too, in its texture, that as soon as it arrives
at the boiling point, it becomes a fine pulp, and is already suf-
ficiently cooked. As a garden production for culinary pur-
poses, it is certainly invaluable ; being in perfection precisely
at that season when apples become tough and scarce, and be-
fore gooseberries have made their appearance. Its flavour is
so delicate, that it ought not to be mixed with any other in-
gredient then sugar ; and on no account should it ever be
peeled. The Red Goliah Rhubarb may be propagated either
by sowing the seeds or purchasing young roots ot one year s
growth, and planting them during the spring months in a
good rich soil. In the former case, that is, if the seeds be
sown, they are to be transplanted in a few weeks, and in the
following year their stalks will be large enough to pull. If
roots be obtained and planted in March, the plot will be a-
vailable in a month or six weeks. No further care is requisite
than to manure the bed in the autumn after the leaves are
decayed. To those who are unaccustomed to the plant which
is the subject of our eulogium, it may be as well to mention,
that the stalks should never be cut from the bed, but wrench-
ed sideways with a sudden twist, when the whole stalk comes
away at its junction with the root,—round, flat, clear, and
white as milk. As soon as the growth becomes vigorous,
each root sends up a flower stalk, which will readily be dis-
tinguished from the leaf-stalks ; these must be pulled away,
and only one left (if it be intended to procure seed), and this
plant should be less used than the others, if at all, during the
season. The leaves are enormous ; we have measured many
that have been four feet long and 31 wide. The roots, too,
are gigantic,—so large, that, in the course of three or four
years, a single root when digged up, would fill a wheelbarrow ;
hence the plants require a wide space, say five feet apart every
way.—Quarterly Journal of Agriculture for June.

Obipping Inttiligtna.

FRIDAY, JUNE 21.—Wind S.SW,

ARRlVED—Gossypium, Brown, from Savannah ; sailed 26th May
—Alpha,Turner, from Monte Video—Archer, Braithwaite, from Bar-
bados—Corinth, Smith, from Virginia—Gandolfo, Culatto, from Pa-
lermo—Lady Rowley, Wright, from Nantes—Susannah, Bower,
from Havre—Adlea,Vansolan, from Memel—Jula. Elizabeth, Lerser,
from Gothenburgh—Marie Antoinette, Okett, from Antwerp—
Medium, Leslie, from Pernambuco
OFF—Rapid, Maranham
SAlLED—Adirondack, Hackstaff, for New York—Henry Hoyle.
Chapman, for Oporto—Rowland, M'Clelland, for Philadelphia—Mar-
goret Bogle, Smith, for Quebec—Elizabeth, Ulrich, for Bremen—
Iris, Prowse, for Copenhagen—Catherine Mitchell, M'Cormick, for
Archangel—Republic, Collin. for Boston—Cariddi, Cardelis, for
Messina

Admiral Benbow, Bruce; Sirius, Croal, and Promise, -Shearer,
hence at Quebec
Josephine, -, from Finland, at Pentland Frith, for this port
Tuskar, Bangs, from New Orleans at the Clyde
A brig and barque were reported on shore on Apple Island (St.
Lawrence) previous to 20th May
Dulcinea, Menchaca, and Caledonia, Manson, hence at Havana
Ayrshire Lass, Nichol, and Byker, Bruce, hence at St. Thomas
Heyworth, Dunlop; Mary, -, and Hardware, Viner, hence
at Trinidad
Corsair, Cumming, hence at Constantinople
Vestal, Graham, sailed from Tarragona for this port on the 2d of
May

_
Rembrandt, Schuper, hence at Antwerp
Circassian, from Monnte Video off Falmouth
Rapid, Bolton, from Demerara at this port, sailed Ilth May. The
Palmyra was to sail for this port about the 18th. The Superior,
Glasgow, and Sisters, were loading for London, and the Unicorn for
the Clyde. On the 14th May, in lat 13, long 59, spoke the Ellen,
Gill, from Demerara for this port
Charlotte, Gorham, from Savannah at this port, sailed 19th May.
On the 23(1 May, in lat 36, lon 69, spoke the Liverpool, from Charles-
ton for this port. On the 2d June, in lat 44, long 54, spoke the
Orpheus, hence for New York
HAnwicii, June 19.—The Active, from Liverpool for Ipswich,
grounded on the Cork Sand this morning, but got off on the flood
without damage

SATURDAY, JUNN 22.—Wind S. moderate.
ARRIVED.—Laure. Duse, from Senegal and Bourdcaux—Nonan.
turn, Miner, from New Orleans—Britannia, —, from Savannah
—Congress, from Mobile—Quebec, Pye, from St. John,
N.B.—Comet, Patterson, from Bourdeaux—Jane, Evans, from
Hamburg—Juffrow Hendrika, —, from Groningen—Laguayra,
Chitty, from Laguira—Mary, Morton, from New Orleans—Julius
Caesar, Mitchell, from Mobile—Josepha, M'lntyre, from Charleston
—Columbus, Cropper, and Rochester, Woodhouse, New York—and
Oporto, Smith, from Oporto.

Robert Watt, -, from Savannah for this port, was spoken
3rd June, in lat. 41, long. 53
Josepha, , from Charleston for this port, was spoken 11th
June, in lat. 47, long. 28
Jamaica, Perry, hence at Bahia
Hants, Neili, hence at Quebec
Eliza Palmer, Phillips, hence at Halifax
Briton, Mason; Susan, Kyore ; Marens Minde, Madson, and
Marie, Kroning, hence at Copenhagen
Oriental, Wilson, from China, at London
Robert Morris, from New Orleans, off the Cove, and proceeded
for Liverpool
Orpheus, Bailey, hence at New York
Great Western, (steamer) from Bristol, at ditto, 31st May

SUNDAY, JUNE 23.—Wind W. fresh.

ARRIVED.—Mary Queen of Scotts, Kelly, from Pernambuco—
Virginia, Alphuo, from Puerto Cabello—Alice Jane, Bleasdale, from
Vera Cruz—Ann & Jane, Cocks, from Berbice—Rival. —, from
Nassau—Potomac, Smith ; Rothschild, Luckett ; Congress, Eaton ;
and Robert Morris, Parker, from New Orleans—Helen, Smith, and
Liverpool, Barstow, from Charleston—Aurora, Warren; J. H.
Shepherd, Redman ; Eliza Thornton, Patterson, and Louisa, —,
from Mobile—Gazelle, Buchanan, from St. Domingo—Robert Watt,
Johnston, from Savannah—Birmingham, —; Empire, Bakker;
Republic, Williams, and Norman, Woed, hence at New York—
George IV, Leggett, from Cadiz—Mary Ann, Budd, from Marans—
Naiad, Hayes, from Antwerp—Alfred, —, from Copenhagen—
Maria, —, from Embden—Lockens Habe, . from Kiel-
-Luefer, , and Barusia, Haman, from Pillau—Commerce,
Kirstolm, from Rotterdam—Berbice, Grayson, and Victoria, Gray-
son, from Berbice—Georgino, Toole, from Charleston—Ellen, Gill,
from Demerara—Montezuma, Christian, from New Orleans—Ce-
ciley. , from Paraiba—Gcorgiana, Brown, from New York—
Mersey, Clark, from Jamaica—Stanley, James, from Bonny—and
Tarquin, Hunt, from New Orleanr.
Liverpool, (steamer) hence for New York, was spoken on the 16th
instant, at noon, in lat. 10, long. 16
Harbinger, —, hence for New South Wales, was spoken 12th
instant, in lat. 47, long, 12
Bertha, Campbell, sailed from Marseilles for Liverpool 16th June
John Bull, Lind, and Pieter, De Weerd, hence at Pernambueo
A ship was seen ashore inside Florida Reef, near Indian Key,
previous to 32nd May
Rowena, , hence for Apalachicola, was spoken 22nd May,
in lat. 24, long. 80

Sarah Birkelt, -, at Savanilla, and was to sail for Liverpool,
20th May
Bombay, Gray; Pearl, Fletcher; Silvanus Jenkins, Barker; Su.
parlor, --, and Caledonia, Massicot, from New Orleans
Birmingham, Robinson, hence at Mobile
Lucella, M'Lellan, hence at Virginia
. ,

Ark, Flanders, and Jefferson, Raines, hence at Baltimore
Bowditch, Thompson ; Wm. Brown, -; Portsmouth, WI
son, (mainmast sprung ;) Josephine, Harvey; Russell, Connor
Grace, Reid ; Edwin, Wilson ; Harkaway, Nicholson ; Ebro, Watts
Europe, Drummond; Napoleon, Chadwick ; Agenoria, Greffrey,
hence at New York

Chandler Price, Dubbs, hence at Philadelphia
Cato, Son; Massasoit, Bartlett, and Tiberius, Sears, hence at
Boston

Perseverance, Power, hence at Halifax
Albion, Rattray ; Rowena, Lister; Arcturus, Oliver; Catherine,.
Coffey; Aurelian, Forbes, & Eleanor, Bracegirdle, hence at Quebec
Pernambucana, , hence at Pernambuco
Jane Ross, M•lntosh, hence at New Orleans
Nathaniel Jackson, Dorry, and Superior, Candler, hence at New
York

Shepherdess. Hooper, hence at Boston
Tremont, —, hence for Netchez, off Tortugas
NEW ORLEANS, May 26.—The Sydney, for Liverpool, and several
other vessels, outward bound, na...es unknown, are on the bar of
the Mississippi. The Naraganset, for Liverpool. got off the bar on
Saturday, and proceeded

MONDAY, JUNE 24.—Wind W.N.W.

Alt RIVED.—Gen. Washington, . Fanny, Crowell; Matta-
keeset, Sprague, and Alexandria, Turner, (left the bar 23rd May ;)
Citizen, Thorp, and Galen, Snow, from New Orleans-Gov. Fen-
ner, Bennett, from Savannah—Geo. Washington, Holdredge, from
New York; sailed 7th Jan.—Nais, Gething, fromSmyrna—Fenella,
Wakeham, from Malaga—Clutha, Richards, from Smyrna—Trinity
Yacht, Johnson, and Azores Packet, —, from Lisbon—Julius
Cresar, —, from Marens—Christian William, —, from
Nantes—Auguste, —, from Nantes—Suviah, Mooen, from New
York—Gardner, Jackson, from Charleston—Marchioness of Bute,
Burns, from St. John, N.B.—Joven Julia, Acke, from Santander—
Siren,
from New Orleans—Henry Hood, , from Virginia—and
Cicely, Norman, from Paraiba; sailed 11th May

Betsey Hall, Croaker, hence for Monte Video. off Bardsey
Ambassador, Hall, hence at New Orleans
Walter, Poulk, hence at Philadelphia
Roscius, Collins; Dauntless, Miller, and Geneva, Hall, hence at
New York 6th June
Samuel, Jamieson, hence at St. John, N.B.
Scotland, Black ; Johu Bentley, Geach; Albion, Bellard ; Mary
Caroline, Lawson, and America, Mackie, hence at Quebec
Matthew Plummer, -, from Rio Janeiro, at Pernambuco
Charles Humberston, , hence for Boston, off Tuskar 22nd
instant

Elizabeth Wood, hence for Barbadoes, was spoken 20th
May, in lat, 21, long. 39
Cambridge, -, hence for New York, was spoken Bth June, in
let. 42, long. 45 22
Vibilia, , hence for St. Andrew's, off Yarmouth, N.S. 23rd
May

TELEGRAPH OFFICE, JUNE 24, 1839.

Wind at Holyhead W. light breeze in the morning; W.S.W. ditto,
noon and evening.

Off Holyhead, inward bound, at 6 a.m. No. 243, Alleghaney, A.S.
from Charleston-121, Brilliant, B.Bk. from Grenada-862, Talla-
hassee, A.S. from New Orleans, at 7 30 a.m.—and 4256, Parthian,
Bk. (by Maryott's flag) at 5 p.m.
Off Point Lynas, inward bound, at 6 a.m. No. 923, Trenton, A.S,
from Mobile.

Off Point Lynas, outward bound, at 8 a.m. No. 443, Freeman,
8.8. for Jamaica.

Off Great Ormshead, inward bound, at 1 p.m. No. 243, Alleg.
haney, A.S. from Charleston.

50 Sea Island 22d tg, 40d
20 Stained 8 91 1 4665 1202794
3;00 Bowed Georgia
1350
Mobile
{ Alabama and Tennessee 71 8 1 2405 1258088
3000 :New Orleans - 10 _
500 ;Pernambuco & Paraiba 94 —lO
1 Aricati and Ceara 0 0 .... } 23912
270' Bahia and Maceio
88,, f Maranham
Minas
Para
10 Demerara, Surinam, &c gi -- 12} .... 456
250 ' Egyptian
Barbados
.... 170
Peruvian
1
Bahama
20 i Laguayra a - -
10 1 Common West India, &c gi 126 11451
670 , Carthagena s* - 6}
1 Smyrna
1 Manilla
420 ( Surat 4} 6i 1
.... } 18490
Madras
Bengal
11150 bales 8481 558391