The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1839-12-24 00:00:00

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(From the Times of yesterday.)
The following letter hasbeen communicated to us by a
friend. It deserves a very attentive perusal:—
" Dear Lord Ashley,—l send herewith my first subscrip-
tion to the National School Society. The lateness of this
subscription is the result of circumstances purely accidental,
and not of any change effected by recent publications, or by
any other recent occurrence, in those opinions which in-
duced me to take an active and public part in support of the
society. Those opinions are contained in the following pro-
positions :

. -
"1. That man is by nature amoral and religious as well as
an intellectual being, and that the cultivation of his intellect
without a simultaneous development and direction of his
moral and religious sentiment would make his intelligence a
source of evil instead of benefit to his race.
" That the endowment, that is to say, the establishment,
of a national religion and the uniformity of religious obser-
vances and opinions as far as it can be attained without vio-
lating the liberty of conscience, are very great public advan-
tages. _ _ _

3. That the church of England, independently of the ad-
vantage which it now possesses of being already established
and moulded up with our civil institutions, is more tolerant,
has a better foundation in truth, and is of greater utility, than
any other form of religion that could be substituted in its
place.

" 4. That the clergy of the church of England, already the
authorised teachers of the national religion, are better quali-
fied by their attainments and their high moral character to
be the teachers of every part of useful knowledge than any
other class of persons who could be appointed for that
purpose. _ _

"5. That though it is an essential part of toleration to
permit those who dissent from the religion of the state to
educate their children after their own fashion, there ought
not to be any system of education at the nat.onal expense
that does not comprehend as an essential part of it 'instruc-
tion in the established religion. To tolerate is one thing—to
cherish and to propagate quite another. The sower of good
seed, though he may not separate or gather the tares before
the harvest, is not enjoined to sow them with the good seed.
" G. That the application of the national funds for the
propagation of any but the national religion is an exception
from a general principle to be justified only by some obvious
political necessity or expediency.
" The institution of Maynooth College, whatever effect it
may have had in practice, was intended to prevent 'the in-
convenience of a foreign interest being introduced among
the Roman Catholic priesthood, which might tend to the
dismemberment of the empire.
" The Regium Doman was proposed and justified upon
the same principle of securing the interest of the Protestant
empire.

"1 7. That the application of the national funds for the
propagatioq of.anrother than the establishes religion merely
to secure tlii! Volitteal interest of a party, hovrever it may be
masked under theltpecious names of toleration and liberty of
conscience, is, in effect, nothing less than treachery to the
state and to the Sovereign.
" 8. That no restraint or political exclusion should take
place on account of any religious opinions or observances,
except when they lead to the depravation of morals, or
characterise some political hot tility.to our social institutions.
The aberrations of conscience,- when they turn upon the
fashion of a button or the form of a dialogue, are of no im-
portance ; but when they lead to the destruction of life or
property, or liberty, or take the form of avowed hostility to
the state, they will justify, if they do not imperiously
demand, exclusion from all political powers.
" These principles, formed in early life,
.and corroborated
by the reflections and experience of maturer age, I think it
my duty in the present times not only to avow, but steadily
to act upon. I shall, therefore endeavour to support the so-
ciety with the most anxious wishes for its success.
" I am, my dear Lord &c.,
" Abinger-hall, Oct., 1839. " ABINGER.

VISIT TO LIVERPOOL OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD
OF TRADE.—On Friday last, thea Righ tII on. H. Labouchere
visited this town, as the invited guest of the mayor. During
the day, he received a number of deputations from the va-
rious commercial associations of the town. He was waited
upon by the following, amongst others :—by a deputation
from the American Chamber of Commerce ; by Mr. Henry
Tindal Atkinson, as a deputation from the Anti-Corn-Law
Association ; by Messrs. Sandbach and Tinne, on behalf of
the Duty on Slave-Grown Sugar Association ; by Mr. Cairns,
Mr. Daglish, and Mr. Alderman Moon, on behalf of the
Brazil Association. ; and by Messrs. Alderman Sheil, Kil-
lock, Greensheil, Maunder, arid Mocatta. as a deputation
from the Hayti trade. In the coarse of the afternoon Mr.
Labouchere made is appearance on Change,' where his
reception was anything but flattering. The cheers which
greeted him were " few and far between." When Sir Ro-
bert Peel's name, however, was introduced, the cheering was
vehement, and enthusiastic in the extreme. Mr. Labouchere
will carry an unpleasant tale to his ministerial colleagues.
In the evening he dined with the Mayor and a party of mer-
cantile gentlemen, at the Town-hall.

POULTRY.--" When," says Mr. Bose, " it is wished to
have eggs during the cold season, even in the dead of winter,
it is necessary to make the fowls roost over an oven, in a
stable, in a shed where many cattle are kept, or to erect a
stove in the fowl-house on purpose. By such methods the
farmers of Auge have chickens fit for the table in the month
of April, a period when they are only beginning to be hatched
in the farms around Paris, although further to the south it
would be desirable that stoves in fowl-houses were more
commonly known near our great towns, where luxury grudges
no expense for the convenience of having fresh eggs." It is
worthy of remark, that the Irish peasantry, whose poultry
occupy, at night, a corner of the cabin along with the cow,
the pig. and the family, frequently lay very early, in conse-
quence of the warmth of their night quarters ; and there can
be no doubt that this is the chief secret of having new-laid
eggs in winter, paying, at the same time, due attention to
protect the hens from wet, and to have them young, or, at
least early in moulting.—The Poultry Yard.
CASTLE-BUILDING By A LAWNER.—" Were I solicitor-
general, we should see how they would look then," said Mr.
Horatio Luckless, on arriving at Pump-court. He had just
returned from Westminster, where he had not faded in at-
tendanee on any day in the term ; but where, alas ! he had
as yet not had an opportunity given him of addressing any of
the fifteen judges. He now wound up his way to his long,
dirty staircase to the very topmost story, pulled down the
little notice of his clerk, pinned to the outer door, " Return
at six," drew front his pocket his ponderous key, unlocked
the door, and pulled it open. Here lie saw his tire burning,
his books and furniture all right, but nothing, I regret to say,
to remind hint that during his -absence any client bad ap-
peared. He now appeared for his dinner; his laundress had
placed two mutton chops on a plate, ready for him, in his
clerk's room, and these he now essayed, by the help of his
bachelor's oven, to cook himself. " Oh," said he, fixing
them before the fire, " more improbable things have come to
pass than that. It is true I have been called some time, and
have not made much way yet ; but who can say what to-
morrow may bring forth? Who knows that the government
may not take me on as counsel in the special commission?
They will want a working junior, well used to sessions prac-
tice. Well, down I go. The third day Frost is brought up;
Campbell happens to be taken ill. I chance to have got up
all the facts. lam asked to take the lead. This, of course,
I consent to do, although a little nervous at first. Well, now
comes my turn. I open in grand style, and go through the
whole statement to the complete satisfaction of the court.
Tindal, at the close, gives me an approving smile. Then we
go on with our proofs. The case is on the point of breaking
down, when, by the judicious course I pursue, I at once
restore it, and everything goes right for a conviction. Maule
tells me afterwards it could not have been done better. Well,
so far good. I return to town •, I find that one of the cabinet
bad been present all the time, disguised as an attornev'e clerk.
I learn, accidentally, that tie has mentioned me to Lord Mel-
bourne, who, it is well known, is puzzled ap to whom he shall
appoint. lam sent for—l ant asked to take it. Of course
I assent. 1 am appointed solicitor-general. I am intro-
duced at once to the House of Commons, and make my
maiden speech. The house is electrified; the tories tremble
prodigiously. Campbell is promoted. I am offered the
attorney-generalship, which 1, of course, accept. All this
time I have been in full practice. I am presented to the
Queen, who this time takes particular notice of me, and in-
vites me to dinner, which of course I accept. She is charmed
with my wit and information. Melbourne on this looks
somewhat displeased; but I restore his good humour by my
admirable advice to him on the conduct of his government,
and my brilliant speech in the house in its defence. Cotten-
hani retires ; 1 am offered the great seal. lam appointed.
Lord Chancellor of Great Britain. and retain the entire con-
fidence of the Queen. I am, of course, created a peer. I
should like to know what Miss Jenkins, who declined to
dance with me a second time last Tuesday evening, would
say then. 1 meet with complete success in the House of
Lords. Brougham and Lyndhurst sink into insignificance.
I preside over the Court of Chancery with mingled urbanity
and dignity ; the arrear is soon disposed—l reduce it to a
mere shadow."—And here, alas ! poor Luckless cast his
eyes on his mutton chops. In his dreams of greatness he
had forgotten to turn them, and, I grieve to say, they were
reduced to a cinder.—Legal Obxerrer.
THE LONDON AND BIRMINGHAM RAILWAY.—Another
embankment brings us to a massive stone bridge, sufficiently
expansive to admit the passage of the Junction Railway, and
it was for this reason executed at the joint expense of the
two companies. The Birmingham deptit is just 1121 miles
from London; the station is one of the finest in the world.
The entrance is by a handsome portico with lonic columns ;
the receptacle for the trains has six instead of four lines, as
at Euston Square ; it is 117 feet in length ; the roof is of
wrought iron, in two spans of 36 feet 6 inches each. The
engine-house is capable of holding 16 engines and tenders,
and under each engine is a pit three feet deep, which enables
the engine-men to get underneath to examine and repair it.
In front of the engine-house are store-rooms, offices, work-
shops, over which is a tank holding 170 tons of water, with
provision for a steam-engine to work a pump from a well e,
below, in case the regular supply should fait. In the loco-
motive department, preparations arc made to ensure the safe
and economical working of the railway. Each engine carries
a box of teals ; the various out-stations are fitted up with
urges, work-benches, &c., enabling the engineers to execute
necessary repairs: Wolverton, however, is the grand central
station, where preparations' for every thing have been made
upon a vast scale, equal to any want that can possibly arise.
It is a curious fact, showing the amount of the general con-
sumption of materials required, that in an average trip to
London the engine will exhaust 2000 gallons of water and
24 cwt. of coke ; and the tender carries a ten of
.coke, and
upwards of 700 gallons of water. For the accominollation
of travellers going the entire distance, the trains which arrive
from London run into the Grand Junction line.at Birming-
ham, where there are excellent. refreshment-rooms. In the
same way, from Manchester and Liverpool run into the Lon-
don and Birmingham etation, whence they are forwarded
after a brief interval. This magnificent work, which has
carried the previous inventions of men of genius to a degree
of public usefulness never anticipated, has now, it appears
from the- reports before us, already begun to make returns of
interest exceedingly promising for the future. The outlay
being upwards of six millions, it will require. to pay 10 per
cent., that the road should produce £600.000 annually, be-
sides a large addition to defray the various expenses of main-
, taining so vast an establishment. It is, at the same time, far
removed from all fears of its proving a mere speculation ;
hosts of travellers, both for business and pleasure, will ren-
der its returns certain and ample ; the receipts have been
steadily advancing, from the hour of its partial opening to
its complete operation, and its half-yearly reports continue
to be more and more satisfactory. As a proof of this gra-
tifying fact, it will be sufficient to mention that the receipts
for the first six months of 1839, namely, from the Ist of
January to the 30th of June, reached as high a sum as
£270,000 ; which sum added to the same for the other six
months, will give for a total annual receipt the handsome
income of £540,000 a-year. But if we estimate the annual
receipts by the returns of a single month (July last), they
would realize the immense sum of £720,000 per annum.
During some weeks the receipts were as high as from £15,000
to £20,000, or upwards of £60,000 per month ; an immense
increase upon the previous year, months, and weeks, preced-
ing it. This increasing ratio is in part to be attributed to
the immense numbers flocking out of town for the season.
The recent opening of the Derby and Birmingham Railway,
of the branches of the North and Midland Counties, the
Aylesbury and Birmingham, will all, like tributary streams
falling into a vast river, bring a rapid increase of business,
besides adding to the prosperity of the rural districts, and
forming an important epoch in the annals of civilization and
of science. Thus, in whatever point of view contemplated,
whether in its magnitude, in its triumphs of skill and labour
over incredible difficulties, in its national utility or social
results, this head and centre of British railway Hues will
remain an enduring monument of the entei prising spirit,
enius, wealth, industry, and indomitable pereererens. of a
1 British proprietary.—Chamber:'