The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1852-11-09 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1852.

Tx BAWBEE.—TIie earliest portraiture known of Mary
is her effigies on the small copper coin, called the bawbee.
She is there represented in full face, as a fat, smiling in-
fant, about nine months old, wearing the crown of Scot-
land over a baby cap, with a miniature ruff about her neck.
It was thus she probably appeared at her coronation ; and
it has been conjectured that this coin obtained its familiar
name of bawbee on account of bearing the image and su-
perscription of the little Queen.—Life of Mary Stuart by
Agnes Strickland.

TAXES ON BACHELORS.—The Roman censors fre-
quently imposed fines on unmarried men, and men of full
ages were obliged to marry. The Spartan women at cer-
tain games laid hold of old bachelors, dragged them round
their altars, and inflicted on them various marks of infamy
and disgrace. After twenty-five years of age a tax was
laid upon bachelors in Eneland—X2 10Q. for a Duke, and
for a common person, ls. (7 William 111., 1695.) Bache-
lors were subject to a double tax on their male and female

servants in 1785.
THE LATE DR. GREGORY states, that nine-tenths of
his own profession consis+s in guesswork ; and the fol-
lowing anecdote seems confirmatory at least of the fact
that the benefit derived from a medicine is often purely
imaginary. A physician having prescribed for a country-
man, gave him the paper on which be had written, and
told him he " must be sure to take that"—meaning the
potion which he had ordered. The countryman, misap-
prehending the doctor, wrapped up the paper like a bolus,
swallowed it, and was cured !
A REASONABLE ALTERNATIrE.—" Ma," said a little
girl the other day, who had scarcely entered her teens,
" ma, mayn't I get married ?" " Why, child," said the
anxious mother, " what on earth put that notion into
your head ?" "'Cause all the other girls are getting
married as fast as they can, and I want to, too." " Well,
you must not think of such a thing—don't you ever ask
me such a foolish question again. Married indeed 1 I
never heard the like !" " Well, ma, if I can't have a
husband, mayn't I have a piece of bread and butter."'
A CASE was being tried on Long Island about the
soundness of a horse, in which a clergyman, not very
conversant with such matters, appeared as a witness.
Ile was a little confused in giving his evidence; and a
blustering lawyer who examined him, at last exclaimed—
" Pray, sir, do you know the difference between a horse
and a cow ?" " I acknowledge my ignorance," replied
the clergyman, " I hardly know the difference between a
horse and a cow, or a bully and a bull, only that a bull
has horns, and a bully (bowing with meek respect to the
pettifogger), luckily for me, has none!" "You can re-
tire, sir," said the lawyer : " I've no further questions to
ask you !"

ROYAL Wl'

—Amongst the various anecdotes passing
g to her Majesty's stay at Balmoral is the
—Her Majesty, Prince Albert, and the Prince

urrent reia

s, accompanied by Dr. Robertson, were one day
ascending a pretty steep hill, when they were overtaken
by a shower. The party took shelter in a shepherd's hut,
which at the time was unoccupied. The report goes that
the princes—father and son—along with the doctor,
busied themselves in collecting some scraps of firewood,
and soon kindled a comfortable blaze, while her Majesty
was seated on the end of a kilt admiring their industry.
The shepherd shortly returned to his hut, and found it
much more comfortable than when he left it, and ho-
noured as few huts have ever been. Before leaving, the
royal party wished to give the shepherd a douceur.
Prince Albert requested the doctor to give him a sovereign
—the doctor found he had left his purse at Balmoral.
"Then," said the Prince, " I shall give it him ;" but
found himself in the same predicament, for he, too, was
purseless. Her Majesty observed their consternation, and
inquired what was the cause. On being told, "Oh !"
said her Majesty, " I shall endeavour to provide the sup-
plies upon this occasion," but, on examining her purse,
found it to contain only half-a-crown. " Well," said her
Majesty, " this is a pretty royal party—without a
sovereign—and the Queen with only the ha!' of a crown !"
—lnverness Advertiser.

'GLACIERS IN THE NORTH.—It is difficult to account
for the entire absence of glaciers in the limestone district
to the west of Lancaster Sound. The supposed cause of
this has been already noticed, and I believe it must be
sought in the peculiar character of the surface of the
land. Why the snow which falls on the extensive tracts
of land on both sides of Barrow Straits, in latitude 72
deg. to 77 deg., should escape into the sea whence it came
in running streams, while that which falls on the west
coasts of Greenland, Davis' Straits, and Baffin's Bay,
including Lancaster Sound, should only reach the sea
after the lapse of ages, not as streams of running water,
carrying down mud and shingle into the immediately
adjoining seas, but as streams of hard ice, slow in their
motion, but sure in their action, carrying, in addition to
the mud and shingle of the other, immense boulders,
which they do not drop in the adjoining sea, but dis-
t ribute over an area of many thousand miles, is a problem
difficult to solve. The difference between the two may
rest in a few degrees of temperature, perhaps not more
than the half of one degree ; and the cause of this differ-
ence may rest in the character of the soil, the one being
highly animalised,' and finely divided on the surface, the
other presenting not so much as a trace of anything that
had ever been endowed with life, and hard and crystalline
on the surface. The disposition of things, however, is
wisely arranged ; for the shallow shores of Barrow Straits
would so entangle icebergs, that, even in a few years, the
passages which they might cut out for themselves would
become blocked up, their exit would be impossible, and a
frozen continent would be the result of a few small
glaciers on the Parry group of islands. The various
channels leading southward and northward of Barrow
Straits would be blocked up. North Devon and Corn-
wallis Island would be joined by ice, extending to the
bottom of the water in the Wellington Channel, and
rising to the level of, perhaps far higher than, Cape
Spencer ; the same ice, stretching across to Whaler
Point, might probably extend a little to the east, in which
case we should have a magnificent glacier entering Lan-
caster Sound, occupying the very sites of mountains, the
names of which I shall not mention, and sending out
towering icebergs, which might accomplish distances half
way to the Equator, along with their neighbours from the
opposite side of Baffin's Bay. Before bringing these
speculations to a close, I must add, that one of the chief
causes of the glacier accumulations is the more plentiful
and more constant supply of material by evaporation, in
the immediate vicinity of the localities where they occur,
than there is where the distri'iution of land predominates
over that of water. This, however, is not a sufficient
cause for the entire absence of glaciers, for, according to
it, we ought to have the accumulation in due proportion
to the evaporation.—Sutherland's Voyage in Baffin's Bay.

GENEALOGICAL SERMON

THE NEW POPISH CRUSADE AGAINST
THE IRISH BRANCH OF THE
ESTABLISHED CHURCH.

ADDRESS TO THE PROTESTANTS OF THE
UNITED KINGDOM, BY THE COMMITTEE

OF THE NATIONAL CLUB.

A new parliamant has met, from whose legislation you
are entitled to expect, and we trust are prepared to
demand, an answer to the question we set before you on
the 20th of June last :—" THE QUEEN'S LAWS. OR THE
POPE'S LAWS, WHICH ARETOPREVAIL IN THIS REALM?"
The Pope's adherents are well aware that one of the
first duties of this parliament is to put down the continued,
insulting, and open defiance of the laws of the empire by
the Popish priests. They know that they ought to be at
once thrown upon the defensive; so, with Jesuit address
and audacity, they endeavour to escape from this position
by assuming the offensive themselves. Weakened as they
are in numbers, character, and political influence—no
longer supported by their former liberal advocates of the
press—they yet affect to agitate for the spoliation of the
Irish branch of our Protestant Church. Why not the
English branch, since, both in England and Ireland, the
Church stands on the same footing ? Both branches are
established on the sole ground of religious truth,
recognised by the legislature, and enforced by statute on
all who hold the benefices, endowed in every locality by
our remotest ancestors, to instruct the people residing
therein, in the law of God. _

Futile as this crusade now preached against the Church
may well appear, the committee of the National Club
would fail in their duty, were they to pass it by in silence.
I. They desire, therefore, to remind you that (1.) when
in 1826 Mr. O'Connell, the acknowledged leader of the
Irish Roman Catholic laity and priesthood, was examined
before a committee of the House of Lords, he gave the
following evidence : . . .

" The Cat holies would accept of emancipation with the
same gratitude that they would take it without the
provision which I am now going to state, coupled with a
protiso that it should be utterly void, and that the entire
penal code should be re-enacted the moment any such
claim from the Protestant Church to the Catholic were
made by any considerable portion of the Catholic people.
We would most readily make that the charter or condition
enacted by the Protestant parliament of the equalisation
of our civil rights."
(2.) Every Roman Catholic member of the legislature,
as the condition of taking his seat, declares on oath that
he " disclaims, disavows, and solemnly abjures any in-
tention to subvert the present Church Establishment as
settled by law within this realm."

Here, then, are two things :-1. The conditions of the
emancipation of the Roman Catholics defined by their
leader. 2. The abjuration by each Roman Catholic who
has, through emancipation, obtained a seat in the legis-
lature' of any intention to subvert the Protestant Church
in Ireland.

Now the Romanist Archbishop, resident at Tuam, pro-
claims, in his letter to the Earl of Derby, the present
" intentions" of the newly-elected Roman Catholic mem-
bers of parliament. In that letter, dated from Saint
Jarlath's, in October, 1852, after having described the
Irish Protestant Church as " an incubus which has op-
pressed all the energies of the country," he proceeds to
say that

"Those ecclesiastical funds, so long misused, should,
after the life interests of their present occupants, revert
to their own original purposes of promoting Catholic
piety, charity, and education. Too long has their usufruct
been squandered, with no other result than propagating
dimensions, and upholding an unholy ascendancy. It is
fortunate that there remains such a fund for the erection
and endowment of Catholic schools and the building of
Catholic churches ; and, should it extend so far, to serve
as an outfit for the purchase of Catholic glebes. It will
be an act of just and tardy restitution of property, long
diverted from its legitimate objects. * * * As for the
Protestant Establishment, dream no longer of upholding
it in Ireland ; treat it like the question of free-trade,
yielding to the inevitable necessity of events, which
statesmen cannot control. The Catholic people of this
country are resolved not to be content until they witness
its legislative annihilation. (Signed)
" JOHN, Archbishop of TuAm."

Such are the designs which Archbishop M'Hale pro-
claims as those of the Roman Catholic people of Ireland,
and of their representatives in parliament.
On such points, the committee feel it to be needless to
offer any lengthened comment, since, at a glance, they
show, not only a contract made, and a contract deli-
berately violated, but they likewise record the penalty
which the recognised head of one of the parties voluntarily
proposed to incur as the consequence of its violatien—
viz., that emancipation should be void, and the entire
penal code should be re-enacted."
How is it, then, that the Irish Romanists now dare to
demand the " legislative annihilation" of the Irish branch
of our United Church, and the transference of its pro-
perty to their own ?
11. There are others, however, not Romanists, who,
having contracted no special obligation to maintain in its
integrity this Irish branch of our Church, think them-
selves free to deal with it as they please. On the plea
that it is not the Church of the majority in Ireland, they
would urge the appropriation of a portion of the revenues
to secular purposes, or would even go the length of Dr.
M'Hale, and advocate its " legislative annihilation."
The committee, therefore, think it right to reiterate
the reasons on which they found the strongest protest
that words can convey against the sacrilegious spoliation
by the legislature of the Irish Church.

(1.) Because the British nation, represented by its
Sovereign and parliament, have invariably held it to be a
sacred duty to take care that Christian pastors should be
dispersed throughout every district of the United Kingdom.
Accordingly, in all the parishes into which the surface of
the country is divided, one or more of the Protestant
clergy have, since the Reformation, been located. As

this is the case throughout Great Britain, so it is the case
throughout Ireland. Every parish there is under a

of some lawful minister of the Protestant Church,
Unhappily, however, in many parishes there are few
Protestants, and large numbers of Roman Catholics. In
such a state of things, prima' facie, the natural course
would seem to be that some steps should be taken to
provide these large numbers of persons with Roman
Catholic pastors. Why, then, has not this course been
adopted ? Simply because this Protestant nation believes
the Popish oreed inconsistent with the true doctrine of
that Gospel, which its Sovereign is sworn to maintain.
Because the Church of England openly avows its belief
that the leading doctrines of Popery are " blasphemous
fables and dangerous deceits." Because no Protestant
can deny that that faith (to use the language of men of
ultra-liberal principles in politics) " is a false. idolatrous,
and debasing superstition—a lamentable corruption of the
Christian faith." Because to endow Popish priests is to
subsidise the sworn vassals of a power which defies the
laws of this empire. This Protestant nation, therefore,
dare nut run the risk of drawing down the Divine dis-
pleasure by teaching their fellow-subjects what they
believe to be a " false and idolatrous superstition."
The Protestant clergy of the Irish branch of our United
Church are therefore dispersed over Ireland to testify to
the truth. Those clergy are sent to every individual
within their cure ; the Roman Catholics are their parish-
ioners ; and they are bound to preach the Gospel to all,
and amongst all, to disseminate, so far as in them lies, the
knowledge of the entire Word of God.
Woe betide the nation which should dare to withdraw
one of these witnesses to the truth from any part of that
benighted land ! Point out a parish in which every in-
habitant is a Roman Catholic, and we affirm that that is
the parish where a Protestant pastor ought more especially
to dwell.

(2.) Because the property of the Irish branch of the
United Church in possession of the Protestant clergy be-
longs in fee to those who may at any time compose the
communion of the Protestant Church in Ireland—precisely
as whatever property may be in possession of the Roman
Catholic priesthood, or of the dissenting ministers in the
United Kingdom, belongs in fee to those religious com-
munities—subject, like all other property, to the regula-
tions of law, but, in common with all other property to
which, by the existing laws, any parties have a right, not
liable to be taken away from its possessors by any new
law, without a fair and adequate compensation.
In what manner it was that, some three centuries ago,
the Church became possessed of this property, is wholly
beside the question. The historical fact, however, is, that
the great mass of the Irish clergy threw off the Papal
usurpation, and that the whole body (except two) of the
ancient episcopate embraced the Reformation ; so that it
is the legitimate successors of the ancient bishops who are
now everywhere confronted by a new and Italian episco-
pate, owing their origin to the will of a foreign potentate.
But had the state of 1560 forcibly deprived the whole
Romanist clergy of their property, it would not alter, in
1852, the real merits of the case. For if, under the exist-
ing laws of the land, the Irish Church cannot be deprived
of its property, it would be downright robbery to enact
laws by which that deprivation should be effected.

(3.) Because sound policy would dictate an extension
rat her than a diminution of the numbers of the Protestant
clergy, more especially at a period when, as the Times
states, " Papists are diminishing, and Protestants are mul-
tiplying by hundreds daily." A wise government, assu-
redly, would aid such a movement, because the greatest
blessing, both to Ireland and England, must ever be the
conversion of all their Roman Catholic children to the
Protestant faith ; for mental degradation, and physical
poverty, and political insubordination, are notoriously the
almost invariable accompaniments, under all circum-
stances, of the domination of a Roman Catholic priesthood.
On these principles, the committee protest against any
attempt to deprive any districts in Ireland of their Pro-
testant clergy, or to take away any portion, however
minute, of the property belonging to the Protestant
Church. These principles, if true at all, are true univer-
sally and on all occasions. The lapse of centuries cannot
impair them.
It is on these grounds that the committee are content
to rest the case of the Irish Church. . .

111. They therefore abstain from pointing out at large
the great blessings which, during the late famine, districts,
exclusively Roman Catholic, derived from the presence of
a Protestant clergyman—how great the love for his person
and office, which has, in consequence, grown up towards
him amongst his Romanist parishioners; neither will they
dwell on the untiring zeal with which, although themselves
suffering unexampled distress and privation, the Pro-
testant clergy have, during seventeen years, subscribed
largely, out of their scanty incomes, to support in their
own schools the great principles of Scriptural education—
nor will they descant on the false; and wicked assertions
that the Irish Church is a richly-endowed Church, when,
according to the showing of an avowedly hostile govern-
ment, at a time when they proposed to abstract the com-
paratively small sum of £70,000 a year from her revenues
£7O per annum was the utmost amount, out of the whole
sum left to the Church, which they said they could pro-
pose to apportion to the great majority of the educated
clergy of our Irish Protestant Church.
Neither will the committee dwell upon the danger to all
Irish property which must arise from the confiscation of
that belonging to the Church. The two must stand or
fall together; both are held under the same title, (the Act
of Settlement) ; s successful aggression on the one is sure
to be followed by a successful aggression on the other.
These are all points which statesmen may well urge
against those who would rob the revenues or destroy the
existence of the Irish Church.
But it is earnestly to be hoped that while the expediency
of maintaining and strengthening that Church is set forth
by its supporters, none of them will rest on expediency

alone. -What can only be defended as expedient to-day
may cease to be expedient to-morrow.
Let it, therefore, never be forgotten, that fidelity to our
Christian faith demands the existence of the Protestant
Church in Ireland—that fidelity to the principles of eternal
justice demands that the property of this Church should
be preserved to her inviolate ; and that sound policy must
ever dictate to a Protestant government the maintenance
of pure Scriptural truth.
By the Committee,
W. H. BELLAMY, Socretary.
National Club, Whitehall-gardens, Nov. 5,1852.

CORRESPONDENCE.

Letters addressed to the Editor should be accompanied by the
real name and address of the writer, not for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith ; this is indispensably requisite
in any statement of facts.
The Editor wishes it to be understood that he does not hold
himself responsible for the opinions or statements of his
correspondents.