Star.
London, England, 1826-01-04 00:00:00

BANKRUPTS.

Henry Burrows Pickering, Coventry, ribbon-dresser, to surrender
January 13, at live, 14, and February 14, at eleven, at the King's
Head Inn, Coventry. Attornies, Mesirs. Long and Austen,
Gray's Ina; or Missrs. Troughton and Lea, Covenii y.
[When Higgin, Norwich, manufacturer, January 26, t 7, and Fe-
bruary 14, at eleven, at the Swan Inn, Norwich. Attornies,
Mr. F. W. Smith, Verulatu• buildings, Gray's Inn; or Mr.
Bansard,.St. Andrew's, Norwich.
W4ll4irt Wass, Nottingham, grocer, January 11, at rue, 2A, and
, February 14, at eleven, at the King George the Faurth, Carl-
too-street, Nottingham. Atturnies, Mr. Jonas Gregory, Cle-1
rent's Inn; or Messrs. Wise and Endowes,
Thomas Sparrow and William Nickisson, bLwcastle elder-Lyme,
bankers, January 10, 11, and February 14, at eleven, at the
Roebuck Inn, Newcastle-under. Lyme. Attornies Messr::. Wil-
liams and White, Lincoln's Inn Old-square; or Mr. Thomas
Ward, Newcastle.onder-Lyme.
George Calvert and William Hint Beeston, Manchester, corn-
merchants, January 14,21, and February 14, at nine, at White's
Hotel, Manchester. Attornies, Mr. Edward Chester, Staple
Inn; or Messrs. Binge and Boardman, Manchester.
Robert Crytoft Harvey, Alburgh, Norfolk, and Edward Hill,
Wertwell, in the same county, millers, January 26, 27, and Fe-
bruary 14, at four, at the Bowling Green Inn, Norwich.—
Attornies, Messrs. Bignold, Pulley, anti Mawr, Norwich, and
New Bridge-street, London.
George Hutchinson, John Ifutchloson, Henry Hutchinson, and
.Thomas Place, Sto. :on-upon-Tees., Durham, bankers, January
14, 17, and Februaty 14, at eleven, at the Cleveland Tontine
Inn, York. Attornies, Mr. Renjimin Hall, Serjrant's Inn,
Fleet-street; or Mr. Herat, Northallenon.
John Cooke, Coventry, ribbon.manteacturer, January 13, 14, and
• February 14, at twelve, at the King's Head Lou, Coventry.
Atturnies, Mr. James Harnett, Nerthuniberland-street, Strand;
or Mr. Joke Millie, Coventry. .• •
Edward Johnston, sen. Edward Johnston, jun. and Thomas Man-
ley, Whitehaven, sugar-refine:4, January 16, 17, and February
14, at ekven, at the Black Lion Inn, %Vhitehaven., Attorniesi
Mr. Clennell, Staple Inn; or Ali-. Perry, Whiteliaten.
Robert Sutcliffe, Manchester, merchant, January 13,'-14, and Fe-
bruary 14, at one, at White's- Hotel,. Manchester.- Attornies,
Messrs. Adllngtun, Gregory, and Faulkner, Boderd-row ; or
Messrs. Morris and pooiden, Mar cheater. •
Joststban Wetts.ll, Oswahltwisle, cotton r.-.amsfactil-
, rer,Jsinuary 10, at six, xi; at elves:, Fet:r.-a-y

at the Hotel, Blackburn. Attornies, Mr. Chad:, Wil'on, Gre-
ville.street, Ilatton-garden; or Messrs. Carr and Ro-
bin4on. 11lacktmrn. • -
John Fairbairn, Hindon, Wilts, victualler, Jinuary 19, 20, and
February 14.24 twelve, at the Lamb Inn, klaido:b. Amoral's',
Hip!boru•court, Gray'Lliin ; or Nlessrs. Bow
Chitty. anti Ch try, Shaftesbury.
Harry 13.1tr.imley, She-pr;d4r, Holdersnel.l. shawl-manufactufer,
Janulry 2S, at • :Jur, ti 4, and February 14, at el:ven, at' the
George I'm, lintidersfield. Attotivie., Mr. Fenton, Austin
Friars ; or Mr. James Crosland Fentun, Hodder-field.
Janes Sheppard, Gainsborough, corn lanai-, January SO, 21, and
February 14, at elevin, at the Ilot.l, Newark-s.pon-Trent.--•
Actor:lies, Mr. fiodgklnson, Newark.oron-Trent; I,r Messrs.
Hall and Brownley, New Boswell-court, Carty-street.
Fiancis Rix, George James Gorham, and William Inkersnle, St.
Neots, Huntingdonshire, baakets, January 24, 25, at the Falcon
Inn, St. Neots, and February 14, at ten, the Cum Keys Inn,
St. Ncots. Attornies, Mr. Day, St. Ncots; or Mr. Forbes,
Fly place, Holborn.
Join Isltersole. Sr. Neots, Huntingdnnshire, corn-dealer, January
24, 25, at the Falcon Inn, St. Nvots, and February 14, at 'twelve
at the Cross Keys Inn, St. Nears. Atternies, Mr. Day, St:
Nests; or Mr. Forbes, Ely-place, Holborn.
Thomas nkersole. St. Nests, iluntingdon'birt, grocer; January
24, 24, at the Falcon Inn, St. Neots, and February 14, at two,
at the Cross Keys Inn, St. Nests. Attornies, Mr. Day, St.
Neots; or Mr. Forbes, Ely-place, Holborn.
Francis Wardale, Allhallows lane, mustard-manufacturer, January
10, 17, and February 14, at ten, at the Court of Commissioners
of Bankrupts, Basingh4ll-street. Attornies, Mears. Sweet,
Stokes, and Carr, Basinghall-street.
William Dore, Bath, innkeeper, January 17, IS, and February 34,
at eleven, at the Castle and Ball Inn, Bach. Attorney, Mr.
Edward Smith, Fountain-buildings, Bath; or Messrs. Jay and
Byles, Gray's Inn-place, Gray's Inn.
George Crews, jun. Clare-market, butcher, January 7, at nine, 17,
and February 14, at ten, at the Court of Commissioners of
Bankrupts, Basinghall-street. Attorney, Mr. James Burton,
Queen-square, Bloomsbury.
Joseph Warren, Monkwell-street, London, bricklayer and plas-
terer, January 14, 17, at ten, amid February 14. at eleven, at the
Court of Commisdoners of Bankrupts, Basingliall-street. Atter-
pies, Messrs. Oriel and Leader, Wormwood-street; or Mr.
Bine*, Clement's Inn.
Leopard Hill, Lainbeurn, Berks, grocer, January 7, 14. and
February 14, at eleven, at the Court of Commissioners of Bank-
rupts, Basinhall-street. Attorney, Mr. Goddard, Basingball-et.
DECLARATIONS OF INSOLVENCY.
William Smith, Lombard-street, batter and hosier, is in insolvent
circumstances and unable to meet his engagements with his credi-
tors.—Filed, Dee 31.
William Hemming, Thatcham, Berke, money-scrivener, is in in-
solvent circumstances and Amble to meet his engagements wick
, his creditors.— Jan. 2.

DIVIDENDS t• be made in BASINGHALL-STREET.

Jaa. 24, John Drake, Shereditch, oilman' at eleven. Jan. 14.
Charles Croaker, Upper Farm, Craytord, Kent, firmer, at ten.
Jan. 24. George Smith, Watling-street, hlanchester-warebouse-
man, at ten. Jan. 28, James Barker, Clare-market, potato*.
dealer, at an.

DIVIDENDS to be made in the COUNTRY.

Frb. i, John (lark, Leeds, eabinet.maket and uphnleterer, at
,elevell, at the Sun lon, Bradford, Yorkshire. Jae. VI, William
Lower, I :verouul, broker, at une, at the George Inn, Liverpool..
Feb. Mortimer Schofield, Bradford, Yorkshire, dyer,
at elt wen, at the Sun Inn, Bradford. Jan. tit, Richard Newell,
li4reford, taane, at eleven, at the Coree.house, Bt. John'siereer,
Hereford. rel. 1, Robert Brooks, Oldham Lancashire, slier-
A;irefte;, at nine, at the Office of Mews. Bums i
ns and Boardews,
heater. Feb. 10, Frederick Was, Mirbeld, Yorkshire,
woullen-clotb•inerchaot, at tea, at the George Inn, Hudderalield.

CERTIFICATSB—Jaw. v 4.

Samuel Green. King.la 'id, pluniher;nd glasier. John Kincaid,
Spiral-square, silk-al:nu fact urer. Joseph Couithard, Oid City
Chambers, Bishopsgate-ttieet, cable rud anchor merchant. R chard
Sheldon Collicott, Wes:on, Somersetshire, clothier. John Critcha
ley, illar.chester, 6p:dr. me:chant. William Vise, Piccstilly, pie-
ture•dealer.

DISSOLUTIONS OP PARTNERSHIPS.
William Posselwbite and George Posselnhite, Tottenham court-
road, tin plate workers. William Everton and %Wiliam Sporton,
whu:esale toymen. Thomas Pabst Henry WWI,
and John Henry Torriano. Francis Bennet and iLdwin Tahlatrer,
LeTels ears:mission agents. James Willing, sen. and Thos. Lang-
don, Dtvonport, dealers in timber. John Southwell and Edward
Walker, Eing's Lyna, bricklayers. Owen Lloyd Whams and
Robert Taylor Manchester, general agents. John Griffiths, James
Hindle'', and Thomas Clarke, Heaton Norris, Lancashire. Jului
Land and Thomas Duplack, Foster.lane, Cheapside, painters and
glaziers. Robert Newton, Thomas Burgess Hayward, and Jos.
' Hardwick, Liverpool, tailors and drapers. John Blacksitaw Briggs
and William Briggs, Kingsten-upon.llull, merchants. Alegander
Nlurray and John Prendergast Lyttleton, Frome, Somersetahlros
surgeons. Charles Sutton and Thomas Jenkinson, Liverpool, bro•
kers. George Wood and General Cunningham, Bath, punters.--•
Stephen Moore and Richard Jones Topham, Liverpool, wine mer-
chants. Samuel Dawes and Charles Yorke, Cheapside, Scot, b and
Manchester warehousemen. Mary Hill, John Bayley, and Ellen
Bayley, Newcastle•under-Lyme, straw bonnet makers. Nicholas
'Morel and Behan Hughes, Great Marlboroughastrret, vpholstertne
Jolla Musgrave Lamb, William Harvey, and Charles Arnold,
Nuttillybant, lace nunniacturers. Robinson Greenwoo.l and John
Greenw•sod, Burnley, 'Lancashire, corn dealers. John Findlay
and William Bear, Joshua Lester and James Henry Maskell.

Srrle's.place, Carey-street, MidAlesez, law stationers. Isaac
Itanis.iy and John Carter, MO.-street, Poplar, upboliterars.—
James Rowland rood William Gorsuch, Pure-streej, Ctipplegate,
tailors. J.:hn Mullard and George Mattison, Crown and Sceptrt
Tavern, Greenwich. John Williams and William Wiaiams, Li-
verpool, buildrrs. Jamas lleginbut tom and Jolin Justice Southam,
Ashton-in:der-Line, Lancaster, eo. yen spinners. G. Keen aud W.
Keen, Canterbury, drapers. John Macarthy and Robert Cullen,
Wawceit, lirtk;hire, schoolmasters. Timothy Gibbons, lizsijinitn
Gibbons, and William Jevons, Beckwith-street, Liverpool, nail
manufacturers. Ikonias Webb Hamlets, William Jenkins, and
Robert Mai Litman, Dudley, .Warcesterthire, iron merchsiits. J.
Warren aad William !fart, stationers'-coutt, Lud‘ato-street,
packlug cant makers. 11.1 i and Charles Edward Pfuniltly,-
isle of Wight, chymists. Samuel Hensball, William lienthalt,
and 'rhos. Major Lester, Newcastle-under. Lyme, silk throwsters.
hobo. Wllll4llll, W. Williams, W. H. Burgess, and C. M. Wil-
liams, bankers, Biichin-lane. Caroline Chapman and Louisa
Chapman, Frame, Somersetshire, schoolmistresses. Henry Car-
rier and George Brentnall, Ilkestone, Derbyshire, lace manufactu.
revs. Ralph Pearson and C. Logan, Liverpool, anchor limit*
John Wilkinson and George Wilkinson, .Burnley, Lancashire,
machine makers. John Holland and Robert Grove, Manchester,
silk manufacturers. Absalom Abrahams and William Falwards,
Hungerford Wharf, Sr. Martin-in-the-fields, coal merchants.

William Wicking Brook and Mortimer Lashmar, Blackntan street,
Southwark, tallow chandlers. T. North and S. Addams' Taunton,
woulstaplers. Geo. Rawson, .Geo rge Thackrey, John Thickrey,
and Henry Rawson. John Shears and Richard Shears' Reading,
Berk' woolstaplers. Thomas Wilkinson and Jame Mt:Feaster,
Wissid!street, Cheapside, silk and muslin warehousemen. I leury
Jostph Edgley and Thomas George Edgley, coal merchants.
William 111.. y Lander and Thomas lAingley, Struttim.ground,
Westminster, linen drapers. Elisabeth Edwards and Benjamin
ne",sun, Temple.street, Whitefriars, law stationers. Wits. spar-
ling and Samuel Wittey, ,Colchester, amounts. Harriet Harper,
Rube,' Hunt, and William Brown Edwards, Stasniord, Lincoln-
sli.re, common brewers. Benjamin Mills and George Rohm.
Harvey, Lime-meet, bruisers.

It is. stated in the Pott,t-svn (Pennsylvania) Paper,
:hat A sweep•master i his I iy, both blacks, arrived
n. that troal PhilaJeliiiiia in a gig arid, slur
having swept all the chimneys requiring it, they tOJIC
thtt: saints& and rt.ttirtxd to the city.

' meats of Denmark and of Naples have been recently
reminded of those yet esittins agatost them ; nor will,
any of them be forgotten. while Atop, may be intielitenl
of obtaining justice, by the meatts•vrithin the cosistatu-
liana' powefof the ens-Wive, and without resorting.to
those Measures of self-redie,sl- Which, 'as well as
he tithe, eircutustance, and occasion, which may
require them, are within the exclusive competency of
the Legislature.
"It is with great sati'faction that I am enabled to
bear witness to the liberal spirit with which the Republic
'of Colombia ha' made satisfaction for well-established
claims of a similar character; and among the doen•
meats now crmmunicated to Congress, will be dis.
tinguished a Treaty of Commerce and Navigation with
that Republic, the ratifications of which bate been ex-
changed since the last recess of the Legislature. The
negotiation of similar Treaties with all the independent
Soath Americau States has been contemplated, and
Dray yet be accomplished. The basis of them all, as.
[ proposed by the United States, has been laid in two
principles; the one of entire and unqualified reciprocity ;
the other, the mutual obligation of the parties, to place
each other permanently upon the footing of the most
favoured nations. These principle. are, indeed, indis-
pensable to the effectual emancipation of the American
hemisphere from the thraldom of colonizing monopolies
and exclusions ; an event rapidly realizing in the pro-
gress of human affairs, and which the resistance still
opposed in certa;n parts of Europe to the acknowledge-
ment of Southern American Republics as independent
States, will. it is believed, contribute more effectually
to accompli.h. The time has been, and that not remote,
when some of tho,e States might, in their anxious desire
to obtain a nominal recognition, have accepted of a no-
minal independence, clogged with burthensome con-
ditions, and exclusive commercial privileges granted to
the nation froth which they have separated, to the
disadvantage of all other. They are now well aware
that such concessions to any European nation, would
be incompatible with that independence which they
have declared and maintained.
's Among the measures which have been suggested to
them by the new relations with one another, resulting
from the recent changes of their condition, is, that of
assembling at the Isthmus of Parsons; a Congress at
which each of them should be represented, to deliberate
upon objects important to the Welfare of all. Tha
Republics of Colombia, of Mexico, and of Central
America, have already deputed Plenipotentiaries to
such a meeting, and they have invited the United
States to be also represented there by their Ministers.
The invitation has ben accepted, and Ministers oh the!
part of the United States will be commissioned to at-
tend at those deliberations, and to take part in them,
so far as may be compatible with that neutrality from
which it is neither our intention, nor the desire of the
other American States, that we should depart.
"The Commissioners under the seventh article of the
Treaty of Ghent, have so nearly completed their
labours, that by the report recently received from the
Agent on the part of the United States, there is reason
to expect that the Commission will be closed at their
next Session, appointed for the 22d of May, of the
ensuing year.
" The other Commission, appointed to ascertain the
indemnities due for slaves carried away front the United
States, after the close of the late war, have met with
.some difficulty, which has delayed the progress of the
inquiry. A reference has been made to the British
.Government on the subject, which, it may be hoped,
will tend to hasten the decision of the Commissioners,
or serve as a substitute for it.

THE PRESIDENTS MESSAGE.

MESSAGE or rot PRESTD ENT or rim UNITED STATE
COMMUNICATED TO THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRE
SEPITATIVES, AT THE COMMENCEMENT Or THE VULST
SES.-1 N OP THE NINETEENTH CONGRESS.
" FELLOW CITIZENS OF THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF
REPRE-ENTATIvEs—In taking a general survey of the
concerns of our beloved country, with reference to
silbjects iuteresting lo the common welfare, the first
sentiment which impresses itself upon the mind is,_ of
gratitude to the Omnipotent DISPENSER of Goon, for
the cuntinuance of the signal blessings of his provi-
dence, and especially for that health which, to an un-
usual extent, has prevailed within our border, and fur
that abundance which, in the vicissitudes of the seasons,
has been scanned with profusion over our land. Nor
ought we less to ascribe to Htx the glory, that we. are
let mined to enjoy the bounties of Hii hand in peace
and tranquillity; in peace with all the other nations of
the earth, in tranquillity among ourselves. Therehas,
indeed, rarely been a period in the history of civilized
man, in which the general condition of the Christian
Nations has been marked so extensively by peace and
prosperity. Europe, with a few partial and unhappy
exceptions, has enjoyed ten years of peace, during
which all her Governments, whatever the theory of
their Constitutions May have been, are successively
taught to feel that the end of their institution is the hap-
piness of the people, and that the exercise of power
among men can be justified only by the blessings it'
confers upon those over whom it is extended.
" During the same period, our intercourse with all
those nations has been pacific and friendly—it so con-
tinue,. Since the close of your last Session, no material
variation has occurred in our relations with any of diem.
In the commercial and navigation system of Great
Britain, important changes of municipal regulation have
recently been sanctioned by Acts of Parliament, the
effect of which, upon the interests of other nations, and
particularly upon ours, has not yet been fully developed.
In the recent renewal of the diplomatic missions on both
sides. between the two Governments, assurances have
been given and received of the continuance and increase
of the mutual confidence and cordiality by which the
adjustment of many points of 'difference bad already,
been effected, and which afford the surest pledge for the
ultimate satisfactory adjustment of those which still
remain open or m sy hereafter arise.
" The policy of the United States, in their commercial
intercourse with other nations, has always been of the
most libe:al character. In the mutual exchange of
their 'respective productions, they have abstained alto-
gether from prohibitions—they have interdicted them-
selves the poster of laying taxes upon exports, and
whenever they have (*rooted their own shipping, by
special preference, or exclusive privileges iu their own
ports, it has been only with a view to countervail simi-
lar favours and exclusions granted by the nations with
whom we have been engaged in traffic, to their own
people or shipping, and to the disadvantage of ours.
Immediately after the close of the last war, a proposal
was fairly made by the Act of Congress of the of
March, 1815, to all the maritime nations, to lay aside
the system of retaliating restrictions and exclusions, and
to place the shipping of both parties to the common
trek) on a footiqg of equalty, in respect to the duties
of tonnage and impost. This offer was pat tially and
successively accepted by Great Britain, Sweden. the
Netherlands, the Hanseatic cities, Prussia, Sardinia, the
Duke of Oldenburg, and Russia. It was also adopted,
under twain modifications, in our late commercial
convention with once. And, by die Act of Congress
of the Bth of Januai y, 1824, it has received a new con-
firmation, with all the nations who had acceded to it,
and has been offered again to all those who are, or may
hereafter be, willing to abide in reciprocity by it. But
all these regulations, whether established by treaty or
municipal enactmLnts, are still subject to one important
restriction. The removal of discriminating dudes of
tonnage and impost is limited to articles of the growthel
produce, or manufacture of the country to which the
vessel belongs, or to such ankles as are most usually
first shipped 'from her ports. h will deserve the serious
consideration of Congress, whether even this remnant,
of resuiction may not be safely abandoned, and whether
the general tenderof equal competition,- made in the
Ait of the fish of January, 1824, may not be extended
to include all articles of merchandise not prohibited, of
tellat country soe• ver they may be the produce or manu-
facture? Propositions to this effect have already been
made to us by more than one European Governtneat ;
aria* it is probable that if once established by legislation
or compact with any distinguished maritime State. it
would recommend itself by the experience of its advan-

44 Among the powers specifically granted to Congress'
by. the Constitution, ate those of establishing uniform
laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the
United States, and of providing for organizing, arming,
and disciplining the Militia, and for governing such
part of them as may be employed in the service of the
United States. The magnitude and complexity of the
interests affected by legislation upon these subjects, may
account for the fact, that long and often as both of them
have occupied the attention, and animated the debates
of Congress, no systems have yet been devised for ful-
filling, to the satisfaction of the community, the duties
prescribed by these grants of power. To conciliate the
claim of the individual citizen to the enjoyment of per-
sonal liberty, with the effective obligation of private
contracts, is the difficult problem to be solved by a law
of bankruptcy. Toese ate objects of the deepest interest
to society ; affecting all that is precious in the existence
id multitudes of persons, many of them in the clasies
[essentially dependent and helpless ; of the age re.
ariniting nurture, and of the sex entitled to protection,
from the free agency of the parent and the hu,sband.—
The organization of the Militia is yet more indispen-
sable to the liberties of the country. It is only by an
effective Militia that we can at once enjoy the repose of
peace, and bid di fiance to foregn aggression; it is by
the Militia that we are constituted an armed nation,
standing in perpetual panoply of defence in the presence
of all the nations of the earth. To this end, it would
he n. cessary so to shape its orgvnisation, as to give it A
more united and active energy. There are laws for
establishing an uniform Mi.ina throughout the United
and fi --A‘ine and • • - its whole bod

tare to the general accession
II The Couto:o4Rn of Commerce and Navigation be.
tWeen thn United Sitter and France, concluded cn the
24th of June, 1882 was, is the understanding and
intent of both parties, as appears upon its face, only a
temppracy arrapgentent of the points of difference
betereen them, of the most immediate and pressing
urgency. It was limited, in the first instance, to two
years, from ;heist of October, 1822, but with a pro-
ver, that it :lipoid further continue in force till the
toncluiion of general and definitive treaty of tom-
Inert.; unless terminated by a notice, six months in
sidvittice, of either of the parties to the other. Its
operations, so far as it extended, have been mutually 1
advantageous ; end it still continues in force by com-
mon consent. But it left unadjusted several objects of
sleet interest to the citizens and subjects of both
countries, and particularly-a mass of claims, to con-
siderable amount, of citixeos of the United States upon
the Government of France, of indemnity for property
taken or destroyed under circumstances of the most
aggravated and outrageous character. In the long
period during which continual and earnest appeals have
been made to the equity and magnenim;ty of France, in
behalf of these claims, their justice has not been, as it
could not be, denied. It was hoped, that the accession
of a new S,vereign to the Throne would have afforded
a favourable opportunity for . presenting them to the
consideration of his Government. They have been pre-
sented and urged, hitherto withouteffect.
" The repeated and earnest representations of our
Minister at the Court of France, teniain as )et even
without an answer. Were the demands of nations upon.
the justice of each other susceptible of adjucation by the
sentence of an impartial tribunal, those to which I now
refer would long since have been settled, and adequate
indemnity would have been obtained. There are large
amounts of similar claims upon the Netherlands, Naples,
and Denmark. For those upon Spein, prior to 1819,
indemnity was, after many years of patient torbearance,
obtained; and those upon Sweden have been lately
compromised by a private settlement, in which the
claimants themselves have acquiesced. The Govern

States, for arming and equipping its _
But it is a body of dislocated members, with Out the
vigour of unity, and baying little of uniformity but the
name. To infuse into this most important institution
the power of which it is susceptible, and to make it
available for the defence ut the [Lion, ac the shortest
notice, and at the smallest expense of time, of life, and
of treasure, are among the benefits to be expected from
the persevering deliberations of Congress.
" Amon the unequivocal indications of our national
prosperity, is the flourishing state of our finances. The
revenues of the present year, from all the principal
sources, will exceed the anticipations of the last. The
balance in the Treasury, on the Ist of January last, was
a little short of two millions and a half, bring the moiety
of the loan of five millions, authorised by the Act of
20th May, 132,. The receipts in the Treasury Isom
the Ist of January to the 13th of 'Seprecuber, exclusive
of the other moiety of the same loan, ate estimated at
16,500,000 dollars, and it i, expeettal that those of the
current (lower will exceed five millions of dollars;
forming au aggregate of receipts of nearly twenty-two
millions, imisqamtdoet of the loan. The expendituie of
the year wilt not .exeeed that sum mole than too mil-
lions. • By thisc expenditures nearly *eight mil ions of
tl.epriccipal of the public debt have been dischalged.
Mote than x million and a half has beer. devoted tp the

jects of internal improvement, authorised by'Special
et etsitf the last Coogess. If we add to thew, four.itail.
: tof ,
.. doliart for payment of inieresibpon the.,pub-,
.110 there remains a sum .of about seven millions,
t aye defrayed tlm whole expenses of the admi-
lifiltation of Government, inAts Legislative, Executive,
Add Judiciary Departments, including die sapport of the
Military and Naval Establishments, and all the occa-
sional centingencies of a Government co-extensive with
the Union.
" The amount of duties secured on merchandise im-
ported, from the commencement of the year, is about
twenty-five millions and a half; and that which will
act, tie during the current quarter is estimated at five
millions and a half: from these thirty-one millions,
deducting the drawbacks, estimated at less than seven.
millions, a sum exceeding twenty-four millions will
constitute the revenue of the year, and will exceed the
whole expenditure of the year. The entire amount of
public debt remaining due on the first of January next,
will be short of eighty-one millions of dollars.
II By an Act of Congress of the third of March last,
a loan of twelve millions of dollars was authorised, at
four and a half per cent. or an exchange of stock to
that amount of four and a half per cent. for stock of six
per cent. to create a fund for extinguishing an equal
amount of the public debt, bearing an interest of six
per cent. redeemable in 1826. An account of the mea-
sures taken to give effect to this Act, will be laid before
you by the Secretary of the Treasury. As the object
which it had in v.ew has been but partially accom-
plished, it will be for the consideration of C ingress,
whether the power with which it clothed the Executive
should not be renewed at an early day of the present
Session, and under what inodificatim ?
" The Act ok Congress of the Sti of March last,
dit acting the Sect etary of the Treasury to subscribe, in
the name and f,r the use of the United States, far one
thousand five,hundred shares of the capital st ck of the
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company, has been
executed by the actual subscription for the amount spe.
cified, and such other measures have been adopted by,
that officer, under the Act, as the fulfilment of its
intentisns require. The latest accounts received of this
important undertaking, authorise the belief that it is
in successful progress.
The payment into the Treasury from proceeds of the
sale of the Public Lands during the present year, were'
estimated at one million of dollars. The actual receipts
of the first two quarters have fallen very little short of
that sum ; it is not expected that the second half of the
year will be equally productive; but the income of the
year from that source may now be safely estimated at a
million and a half. The Act of Congress of 18th May,
1824, to provide for the extinguishment of the debt due to
the United States by the purchasers of public lands, was
limited, in its operation of relief to the purchaser, to the
10th of April last. Its effect, at the end of the quarter
during which it expired, was to reduce the debt from
ten to seven millions. By the operation of similar prior
laws of relief, from and since that of the 2d of March,
1821, the debt has been reduced, from upwards of 22
millions to ten. It is exceedingly desirable that it
should be extinguished altogether ; and to facilitate that
consummation, I recommend to Congress the revival,
for one year more, of the Acts of 18th May, 1824, with
iech provisional modifications as may be necessary to
sward the public interests against fraudulent practice
'm the resale of the relinquished land. The purchasers
of public lands are amongst the most useful of our fel-
low citizens, and, since the system of sales for cash alone
has been introduced, great indulgence has been justly
extended to those who had previously purchased upon
had

credit. The. debt which , been contracted under the
credit sales, had become unwieldy, and its extinction
was alike advantageous to the purchaser and the public.
Under the system of sales, matured, as it has been, by
experience, and adapted to the exigencies of the times,
die lands will clntinue, as they have become, an abun-
dant source of revenue ; and when the pledge of them
to the public creditor shall be redeemed by the entire
discharge of the national debt, the swelling tide of
wealth with which they replenish the common treasury,
may be made to reilow in unfailing streams of improve-
ment from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
" The condition of the vari 'us branches of the pub
lic service resorting from the Department of War, and
their administration during the current year, will be
exhibited in the Report from the Secretary of War, and
the accompanying documents herewith communicated.
The organization and discipline of the army are effec-
tive and satisfactory. To counteract the prevalence of
desertion among the troops, it has been suggested to
withhold from the men a small portion of their monthly
pay until the period of their discharge; and some ex-
pedient appears to be necessary to preserve and main-
tain among the officers so much of the art of horseman-
ship as could scarcely fail to be found wanting, on the
possible sudden eruption of a war, which should not
overtake us unproyided with a single corps of cavalry.
The Military Academy at West Point, under the re-
strictions of a severe but parental superintendance, re-
commends i:self more and more to the patronage of the
nation; and the number of meritorious officers which it
forms and introduces to the public service, furnishes the
means of multiplying the undertakings of public im-
.

provements, to which their acquirements at that insti-
tution a'e peculiarly. adapted. The school of artillery
pract cc, established at Furness Monroe, is well suited
to the same purpose, and may need the aid of further
legislative provisions to Y e same end. The reports
trout the various officers at the head of the administra-
tive branches of the militar y service, connected with the
quarte. ing, clothing, subsistence, health, and pay of the
army, exhibit the assiiuous vigilance of those officers in
the performance of their respective duties, and the faith-
tul a•countability' which has pervaded every part of
the sy stern.
" Our relations with the numerous tribesof aboriginal
natives of this country, scam.. red over its extensive sur-
face, and so dependent, even for their existence, upon
our power, have been, during the present year, highly
interestiug. An Act of Congress of the 25th of May,
1824, made an appropriation to defray the expenses of
making 'Treaties, of Trade. and Friendship with the
Indian Tribes beyond art Mississippi. An Act of Sd
March, 1b125. authorised Treaties to be made with the
Indians for their consent to the Making of a road from
saran frontier of Maslow ito that of New Mexico. And
another Act of the same date provided for defraying
the expen,es of holding Treaties with the Sioux, Chip-
peway, Menomenee,, &mks, Foxes, &c. tar the parr-

be of gratitude tothe warriors .the ltrvolu kit; a posc tit ng bounditiies, and promoting peace
Mai ly equal sum to the constiuction of tortitications, between the said vibes. The ,first and the last objects
and the acquisition of ordnance, and otter pet mituent of these Acts have been accomplished; and the second
ptcparAtives of national siefcnce. Half a mitlion to the is yct in api (h ets a.l execution. The Treaties which,,
gradual inciease of the Navy; an equal suut for the bitige the last Se;tion.of Coligress, have been concluded
porchases niterritoty from the Indians, and payment , with ti.e .ever .1 ti ibvs, w,ll be laidbelore the Sen Ate for
of Annuities to them ; and upwards of a million tur of-1 their conswiri unti)ll so the Constitution.

Tl•ey comprise large and valuable aegiii.i.iong or terni.
tory; and they secure an adjustment of boundaries, and
give pledges of permanent peace between several t►ib s
which had been long waging bloody wars against
each other. _

" On the 12th of February last, a treaty was signed
the Indian Springs, between Commissioners sp.
pointed on the part of the United State, and certain
Chiefs and individuals of the treek Nation of Indians;
which was received at the seat of Government only a
few days before the close of the last Session of Congress,.
and of.the late .Administration. The advice and eon:
sent of the Se sate was given to it on the 3d of March,
too late to receive the sanction of the then President of
the United States ; it was ratified on theith of March,
under the unsuspecting impression that it had been
negotiated in good faith, and in the confidence inspired-
by the recommendation of the Senate. The subsequent •
transactions in relation to this treaty, will form the
subject of a separate message.
" The appropriations made by Congress, for public
works, as well in the construction of fortifications, as for
purposes of internal improvement, as far as they kart
bee% expended, have been faithfully appied. Their
progress has been delayed for want of suitable officers
for superintending them. An increase of both the
Corps of Engineers, Military and Topogr +Oka!, was •
recommended by my predecessor, at the last Session of
Congress. The reasons upon which that recommenda.
lion was founded subsist in all their force, and have
acquired additional urgency since that time. it may
also be expedient to organise the Topographical Eni.
.neers into a corps similar to the e-talslishment of t..e
Corps of Engineers. The Military Academy at Wets
Point will furnish. from the Cadets annua.ly graduated
there, Officers well qualified for c arying this nitta,u:e
into effect.

" The Board of Engineers for Internal Improvemera,
appointed for tarrying into execution the Act of Con-
gress, of the 801 of April, 1824, to procure the
necessary surveys, plans, and estimates, on the 64i bject
of roads and canals,' have been actively engaged in
that service from the close of the last Session or Con-
gress. They have completed the surveys necessary for
ascertaining the practicability of a canal from the
Chesapeake Bay to the Ohio River, and are preparing
a full Report on that subject; which, when completed-,
will be laid before you. The s.me c b.ervation is to be
made with regard to the two other objects ot national
importance upon which the Board have been occupied,
namely, the accomplishment of a national road from
this city to New Orleans, and the practicability of
uniting the waters of Lake Mempliramagog with Con-
necticut River, and the improvement of the navigation
of that River. The surveys have been made, and are
nearly completed. The Report may be expected at an
early period during the present Session of Congress.
" The Acts of Congress of the last Session relative to
the surveying, marking, or laying out roads in the ter.
ritories of Florida, Arkansas, Michigan, from Missouri
to Mexico, and for the continuation of the Cumberland
road, are some of them fully executed, and others in the
process of execution. Those for completing or com-
mencing fortifications, have been delayed only so far as
the corps of engineers has been inadequate to furnish
officers for the necessary superintendence of the works.
Under the Act confirming the statutes of Virginia and
Maryland, incorporating the Chesapeake and Ohio Ca-
nal Company, three Commissioners on the part of the
United States have been appointed fur opening books
and receiving subscriptions, in concert with a like num-
ber of Commissioners appointed on the part of each o 4
those States. A meeting of the Commissioners has been
postponed to await the definitive report of the Board of.
engineers. The light-houses and monument. for the
safety of our commerce and mariners; the works for the
security of the Plymouth Beach, and for the preserva-
tion of the Islands in Boston Harbour, have received
the attention required by the laws relating to those ob-
jects respectively. Tile continuation of the Cumber-
land road, the most important of them all, after sur-
mounting na inconsiderable difficulty in fixing upon the.
direction of the road,• has commenced under the most
promising auspices, with the improvements of recent
intention in the mode of construction, and with the ad- •
vantage of a great reduction in the comparative cost of
the work.
" The operation of the laws relating to Revolts-.
tionary Pensioners may deserve the renewed considera-
tion of Congress. The Act of March 18, 1818, wlule
it made provision for many meritorious and indigent
citizens, will had served in the war of independence;
opened a door to numerous abuses and impositions..
To remedy this, the Act, Ist May, 1820, exacted proofs
of absolute indigence, which many teAlly in want,
were unable, and all, susceptible of that delicacy which
is allied to many virtues, must be deeply reluctant to
give. The result 'has been, that some amongst the
least deserving have been retined, and some in whom •
the requisites both of worth and want were combined,
have been stricken from the list. As the number 'of.
these venerable relics of an age gone by diminish, .as
the decays of body, mind, and estate of those who sur-
vive must, in the common course .of nature increase,
should net a more liberal portion of indulgence be
dealt out to them?
" May not the want, in most instances, be inferred
from the demand, when the service can be duly proved?
and may not the last days of human infirmity be
spared the mortification of purchasing a pittance .of
relief only by the exposure of its own necessities?
submit to Congress the expediency either of providing
for individual cases of this descripti,n by special enact-
meat, or of revising the Act of Ist May, 1820, with a
view to mitigate the rigour of its exclusions, in favour of
persons to whom chalky, now bestowed, san scarcely
discharge the debt of justice.
" The portion of the naval force of the Union in
actual service has been chiefly employed on three sta-
tions : the Mediterranean, the coasts et South America
bordering on the Pacific-Ocean, and the West Indies.
An occasional cruizer has been sent to range along the
Mikan shores most polluted by the traffic in sl.ives;
one at med vessel has been stationed on the coast of Oar
eastern boundary, to cruise along the fishing grounds
in Hudson's Bay, and on the coast of Labrador ; and
the first service of a new frigate has been performed I')
returning to his native soil, and domestic enjoymenti,
the veteran hero whose youthful blood and treasure had
freely flowed in the cause of our. count y's inde2in,l-
ence, and whose whole life had been a series of sac:'•
fires—and sacrifices to the improvement of his fellow
men. The visit of General Lafayette, alike honourable
to himself and to our country, closed, a it had com-
menced, 'wig) the most affecting testimonials of devoted
attachment on his part, and ot unbounded granitic.
this people to him in return. It w ill furor, hereafter, a
pleasing
leallibtoryilie intense .ntelest Of romance, uJ tigna
incident in the annals a our U , giving t,

racking the unpnrchaseable tribute of a great nation's
affestions to. the disinterested champion of the
115ert;es of human kind.
The constant maintenance of .a small squadron in
ite Meiiterranean was a necessary substitute for the
alternative of paying tribute for the secu-
rity of our commerce in that.sea, and for a precarious
peace at the mercy of every caprice of four Barbary
States, by whom it was liable to be violated. An addi-
tio-al motive for keeping a respectable force stationed
there at this time, is f and in the maritime war raging
letween the Greeks and the Turks, and in which the
neutral navigation of this Union is always in danger of 1
opi.rar and.depredarifm. A few instances have oc-1
tarred olantli depredations upon our merchant vessels
by privateers or pirates wearing the Grecian flag, but
v i!hout real authority from the Greek or any other
Government. The heroic • struggles of the Greeks
themselves, in which our warmest sympathies as free-
men and Christians have been engaged, have continued
!a be maintained with vicissitudes of success adverse
and favourable. _ _ _

" Similar motives have rendered expedient the keep-
ing a like force on the coasts of Pern and Chili, on the
Pacific. The irregular and convulsive character of the
war upon our shores has been extended to the conflicts
upon the ocean. An active warfare has been kept up
for years with alternate success, though generally to the
advantage of the American Patriots ; but their naval
forces have not been always under the controul of their
own Governments. Blockades, unjustifiable upon any
acknowledged principles of international law, have been
proclaimed by officers in command; and though dis-
avowed by the supreme aethorities, the protection of our
own commerce against them has been made ground of
complaint and of erroneous imputation upon some of
the most gallant officers of our navy. Complaints
equally groundless have been made by the Comman-
ders of the Spanish Royal forces in those seas; but the
most effective protection to our commerce has been the
flag and the firmness of our own Commanding Officers.
The cessation of the war by the complete triumph of
the Patriot cause, has removed,-it is hoped, all cause of
dissention with one party, and all vestige of force of
the other. But an unsettled coast of many degrees of
latitude, forming a part of our own territory, and a
fleutishing commerce and fishery, extending to the
islands of the Pacific and to China, still require that
the protecting power of the Union should be displayed
under its flag as well upon the ocean as upon the land.
" The objects of the'West India squadron have been
to carry into execution the laws for the suppression of
the African Slave Trade; for the protection of our
commerce against vessels of piratical character, though i
bearing commissions from either of the belligerent par-
ties ; for their protection against open and unequivocal
pirates. These objects during the present year have
been accomplished more effectually than at any former
period. The African Slave Trade has long been ex-
cluded from the use of our flag; and if some few citi-
zens of our country have continued to set the laws of
the Union, as well as those of nature and humanity,
at defiance, by persevering in that abominable traffic,
it has been only by sheltering themselves under the
banners of other nations, less earnest for the total ex-
tinction of the trade than ours. The irregular priva-
teers have, within the last year, been in a great measure
banished from those seas ; and the pirates for months
past appear to have been almost entirely swept away
from the borders and the shores of the two Spanish
islands in those regions. The active, persevering, and
unremisted energy of Captain' Witringeon, and of the
officers and men under his command, on that trying
and perilous service, have been crowned with signal
success, and are entitled to the approbation of their
country. But experience has :hewn, that not even a
temporary suspension or relaxation from assiduity can
be indulged on that station,without reproducing piracy
and murder in all their horrors; nor is it probable that
for years to come our immensely valuable commerce
in these seas can navigate its security, without the
steady continuance of an armed force devoted to its
protection.
" It were indeed a vain and dangerous illusion to'
believe, that in the present or probable condition of
human society, a commerce so extensive and so rich as
ours could exist, and be pursued in safety, without the
continual support of a military marine: the only arm
by which the power of this Confederacy can be esti-
mated or felt by foreign nations, and the only stand-
ing military force which can never be dangerous to our
own liberties at home. A permanent naval peace esta-
blishment, therefore,. adapted to our present condition,
and adaptable to that gigantic growth with which the
nation is advancing in its career, is among the subjects
which have already occupied the -foresight of the last
Congress, and which will deserve your serious delibera
tions. Our navy, commenced at an early period of our
present' political organization, upon a scale commensu-
rate with tilt incipient energies, the scanty resources,
and the comparative indigence of our infancy, was even
then found adequate to cope with all the Powers of
Barbary, save the first, and with one of the principal
maritime Powers of Europe. At a period of further
advancement, but with little accession of strength, it
not only sustained with honour the most unequal of
conflicts, but coveted itself and country with unfading
glory. But it is only since the close of the late war,
that by the number and force of ships of which it was
composed, it could deserve the name of a navy. Yet
it retains nearly the same organization as when it con-
sisted only of five frigates. The rules and regulations
by which it is governed, urgently call for revision, and
the want of a Naval School of Instruction, correspond-
ing with the Military Academy at West Point, for the
tormation of scientific and accomplished Officers, is felt
with daily increasing aggravation.
" The Act of Congress of 26th May, 1824, autho-
rising an examination and survey of the harbour of
Charleston, in South Carolina, of .St. Mary's, in Geor.
gia, and of the Ooast of Florida, and for other pur-
-I,oses•hos been executed so far as the appropriation
could pet mit. Those of the 8d of March last, autho-
rising the establishment of a Navy Yard and Depot on
the Coast of Florida, in the Gulf of Mexico, and
authorising the building of ten sloops of war, and for
other purposes, are in the course of execution ; for the
nal Oculars of which, and other objects connected with
•iiis department, I refer to the report of the Secretary
of the Navy, herewith communicated.
" A report from the PustmasterGeneral is also sub,
:tatted, exhibiting the present flourishing copclition of
that department. -For the first time for many years,
rte tece pis for the year ending the lst of July last, ex-
ceeded the expenditures during the same period, to
the amount of mote than 45,000 dollars. Other fact:,
squally creditable to the administration of the depart-
ti,trt, are, that in two years, from the first of July,
1813, an troprovemeillfof more titan 185,000 dollars 'in

its pecuniary affairs has been realised ; that in the same
interval the increase of the transportation of the mail
has exceeded one mitlion five hundred thousand miles,
annually ; and that one thousand and forty new post
offices have been established. It hence appeals, that
under judicious management, the income from this
establishment may be relied on as fully adequate to
defray its expense,; and that by the discontinuance of
post roads, altogether unproductive, others of a more
useful character may be opened, till the circulation of
the mail shall keep pace with the spread of our popula-
tion, and the comforts of fliendly correspondence, the
exchanges of internal traffic, and the lights of the pe-
riodical press, shall be distributed to the remotest cor-
ners of 'the Union, at a charge scarcely perceptible to
any individual, and without the cost of a dollar to the
public treasury.
" Upon the first occasion of addressing the Legisla-
ture of the Union, with which I have been honoured,
in presenting to their view the execution, so far as it
has been effected, of the measures sanctioned by them,
for promoting the internal improvement of our country,
I cannot close the communication without recommend-
ing to their calm and persevering consideration, the
general principle in a more enlarged extent. The great
object of the institution of civil government is the im
provement of the condition of those who are parties to
the social compact ; and no Government, in whatever
form constituted, can accomplish the lawful ends of its
institution, but in proportion as it improves the c<,ndi•
tion of those over whom it is established. Roads and'
canals, by multiplying and facilitating the cornmuni-
,cations and intercourse between distant regions, and
multitudes of 'men, are among the most important
means of improvement, Rut moral, political, intellec-
tual improvement, are duties assigned by the AUTHOR of
our existence, to social, no less than to individual man.
For the fulfilment of those duties Governments are in-
vested with power, and to the attainment of the end,
the progressive improvement of the condition of the
governed, the exercise of delegated power is a duty as
sacred and indispensable as the usurpation of power not
granted is criminal and odious. Alrnolt the first, per-
haps
the very first, instrument for the improvement of
the condition of men is knowledge ; and to the -acqui,
sition of much of the knowledge ad .pted to the wants,
the comforts, and enjoyments of human life, public
institutions and seminaries of learning are essential.—
So convinced of this was the first if my predecessors in
this office, now first in the memory, as, living, he was
first its the hearts of our country, that once and again in
his addresses to the Congresses with whom he co-ope-
rated in the public service, he earnestly recommended
the establishment of seminaries of learning, to prepare
for all the emergencies of peace and war—a National
University and a Military Academy. With respect to
the latter, had he lived to the present day, in turning
his eyes to the institution at West Point, he would have
enjoyed the gratification of his most earnest wishes.--
But, in surveying the city which has been honoured
with his name, he would have seen the spot of earth
, which he had destined and bequeathed to the use and
, benefit of his country, as the site for an University, still
bare and barren.

" In assuming her station among the civilized nations
of the earth, it would seem that our country had con-
tracted the engagement to contribute her share of mind,
of labour, and of expense, to the improvement of those
parts of knowledge which lie beyond the reach of in-
dividual acquisition ; and particularly to geegraehical _
and astronomical science. Looting back to the history
only of the half century since the declaration of our
independence, and observing the generous emulation
with which the Governments of France, Great Britain,
and Russia, have devoted the genius, the intelligence,
the treasures of their respective nations, to the common
improvement of the species in these branches of science,
is it not incumbent upon us to inquire, whether we are
not bound by obligations of a high and honourable
character, to contribute our portion of energy and ex-
ertion to the common stock? The voyages of discovery,
prosecuted in the course of that time, at the expense of
those nations, have not only redounded to their glory,
but to the improvement of human knowledge. We
have been partakers of that improvement, and owe for
it a sacred debt, not only of gratitude, but of equal or
proportional exertion in the same common cause. Of
the cost of these undertakings, if the mere expenditure
of outfit, equipment, and completion of the expedi-
tions, were to be considered the only charges, k would
be unworthy of a great and. generous nation to take a
second thought. One hundred expeditions of circum-
navigation, like those of Cook and La Perouse, .would
not burthen the exchequer of the nation fitting them
out, so much as the ways and means of defraying a
single campaign in war. But, if we take into the
account the lives of those benefactors of 'mankind, of
which their services in the cause of their species were
the purchase, how shall the cost of those heroic enter-
prises be estimated ? And what compensation can be
made to them, or to their countries for them ? Is it
not by bearing them in affectionate remembrance? Is
it nrit still more by imitating their example.? By err'
abling countrymen of our own to pursue the..same
career, and to hazard their lives in the same tanse?
In inviting the attention of Congress to the subject of
internal improvements upon a view thus enlarged, it is
not my deign to recommend the equipment of an ex-
pedition for circumnavigating the globe for the purpose
of scientific research and inquiry. We have objects of
useful investigation nearer home, and to which our
cares may be more beneficially applied. The interior
of our own territories has yet been very imperfectly ex-
plored. Our coasts along many degrees of latitude upon
the shores of the Pacific Ocean, though much frequented
lay our spirited commercial navigators, have been barely
visited by our public ships.lnc River of the West,
first fully discovered and navigated by a countryman
of our own, still bears the name of the ship in which he
ascended its waters, and claims the protection of our
armed national flag at its mouth. With the establiih-
meat of a military post there, or at some other point on
that coast, recommended by my predecessor, and
already matured in the deliberations of the last Congress,
I would suggest the expediency of connecting the equip-
ment of a public ship for the exploration of the whole
noith.west coast of this contihent.
" The establishment Of • an uniform standard of
weights and measures was one of the specific object
contemplated in the formation of our Constitution, and
to fix that standard was one of the powers delegated
by express terms, in that instrument, to Congress.
The Governments of Great Britain and France have
scarcely ceased to be occupied Nirh inquiries and spe-
culations on the same subject, since the existence of
our Constitution, and with them ithas expanded into
profound, laborious, and expenswe. researches into the
figure of the eat th, and the comp:inkjet Length of the'
pendulum vibrating teconis in sat ious latitlides from

the Equator to the Pole. These researches have re- ,
sylted in the composition and publication of several
works highly interesting to the cause of science. The ,
experiments are yet in the process, of performance.
Some of them have recently been made on our own
shores, •within the walls of one of our own colleges,
and partly by one of our own fellow-citiz-nv. It would
be hon-nirable to our country, if the sequel of the
same experiment should he countenanced by the pa-
-1 rronage of our Government as they have hitherto •
been by those of France and Britain. . ,
" Connected with the establishinentof an University,
or separate from it, might be undertaken the erection
of an as•roaomical observatory, with pvivi-ion for the
support of an astronomer, to be in constant attendance
and observation upon the phenomena of the Heavens;
and f•ir the periodical publication of his observations.
It is with no freling of pride, as an American, that the
remark may be made, that on the comparatively small
territoi.il surface of Europe, there are existing upwards
of one hundred and thirty of these light houses of the
skies ; while throughout the whole American hemisphere
there is not one. If we reflect a moment upon the dis-
coveries, which, in the last four centuries have been
male in the physical constitu:ion of the universe, by
means of these buildings, and of observers stationed in
them, shall we doubt of their usefulness toevery nation?
And while scarcely a year passes over our heads with-
out bringing some new astronomical discovery to ligly,
which we must fain receive at second hani from Eu-
rope, are,we not cutting ourselves off from the means
of returning light for light, while we have neither ob-
servatory nor observer upon our half of toe globe, and
the earth revolves in perpetual darkness to our un!
searching eyes?
" When, on the 25th of October, 4791, the first Pre-
sident to the United States announced to Congress the
result of the first enumeration, of the inhabitants of this
Union, he informed them
.that the population of the
United States bordered on four millions. At the dis-
tance of thirty years from that time, the last enumera-
tion, five years since completed, presented a population
bordering upon ten millions. Perhaps, of all the evi-
dences of a prosperous and happy condition of human
- society the rapidity of the increase of population is the
most unequivocal. But the demonstration of our pros
perity rests not alone upon this indication. Otar cons-

mei ce, our wealth, and the extent of our territories,
have increased in corresponding proportions ; and the
number of independent communities associated in our
Federal Union, has, since that time, nearly doubled.
The legislative representation of the States and people.
in the two Houses of Congress, has grown with the
growth of their constituent bodies. The House, which
then consisted of 65 Member;, now numbers upwards
of two hundred. The Senate,. which consisted of '26
Members, has now 48. But the Executive, and still
more the Judici try Department. are yet in a great
measure confined to their primitive organisation, and
are now not adequate to the urgent wants of a still
growing community.
" The naval armaments which, at an early period
forced themselves upon the necessities of the Union,
soon led to the establishment of a Department of the
Navy. But the Department of Foreign Affairs, and of
the Interior, which,. early after the formation of the
Government, had been united in one, continue united at
this time, to the unquestionable detriment, of the public
service. The multiplication of our relations with .the
nations and .Governments of the old world, has tept
pace with that of our population and commerce, vibilet
svithile these last ten years, a new family of mittens;
in our own hemisphere, has arisen among the inha-
bitants of the earth, with whom our intercourte,
commercial and political, would of itself furnish oc-
cupation to an active and industrious Department.—
The constitution of the Judiciary, experimental and
imperfect as it was, even in the infancy of our existing
Government, is yet more inadequate to the administra-
tion of national justice at our present maturity.
.Nine
years have elapsed since a predecessor in this office,.now
not the last, the citizen who perhaps of all others
throughout the Union, contributed most to the forma-
tion and establishment of our Con-titution, in his vale-
dictory address to Congress immediately preceding his
retirement from public life, urgently recommended the
revision of the Judiciary, and the establishment of an
additional Executive Department.
" The exigencies of the public service, and its un,
avoidable deficiencies, as now in exercise, have added

yearly cumulative weight to the considerations presented
by him as persuasive to the measure; and in iecom-
mending it to your deliberations, I am happy to have
Ole influence of his high authority, in aid of the un-
doubted convictions of my own experience.
" The laws relating to the administration of the Patent Mice
are deserving of much considerstion, and, perhaps, susceptible of.
ming improvement.. .The grant of power to regulate the action of
Congress on this subjeit has specified both the end to be attained,
lad the means by which it is to be effected—to promote the progress
Of science had useful iris, by securing for limited times to authors
And inventors the exclusive riglarto their respective writings and
discoveries. If an honest pride might be indulged in the reflection,
that on the records of thit office are already found inventions the
Usefulness of which has scarcely been transcended in the annals of
human ingenuity. would not its exultation be allayed by the inquiry,
ihether the laws have effectively insured to the inventors the re.
Ward destined to them by the Constitution, even a limited term of
exclusive right to their discoveries?
" On the iteth.of December, 1799, it was resolved by Congress
that a marble monument should be erected by the United States
in the Capitol, at the City of Washington ; that the family of
General Washington should be requested to permit his body to be
deposited under it; and.that the monument be so designed as to,
commemorate the great events of his military and political life.—
Ia
reminding Congress of this resolution, and that the monument
contemplated by u remains ytt without execution, I shall indulge
only the remark, that the wrks in the Capitol are approaching to
completicin. That the • consent of the family desired by the reso.
Woo was requested and obtained. That a monument has been
recently erected in the city, it the expense of the nation, over the
remains of another distingu shed Patriot of the Revolution ; and
that a spot has been reserved within the walls where you are deli-
berating for the benefit of this and future ages, in which the mor-
tal remains may be deposited of him whose spirit hovers oier you,
land listens with delight to every act of the Representatives of his
Nation, which can tend to exalt and adorn his and their cannery.
" The Constitution 'sutler which you are assembled is a charter
of limited powers ; after full and solemn deliberation
.upon all or
any of the objects which, urged by an irresistible sense of my own
duty, I have recommended to your attention, should you come to
the, conclusion that. however desirable in themselves, the enact-
ment of laws for effecting them would transcend the powers
comm.tted to you by that venerable instrument which we are
all bound to support • let no consideration induce you to assume
the powers not granted to you by the People. But if the power
to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over the
district of Colombia, if the power to lay and collect taxes,
duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the
cuminua defence and general welfare of the United States ; if the
power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the
several States, amt with the Indian tribes; to fix the standard of
weights and treasures; to establish postodficee and post-roads; to de-
clarewar ; to taise and support armies; to provide and maintain a
navy; to dispose of,atiti tusk, all needtul rules and regulations respect-
ing the territory or other property belonging to the United States;
and to make all laws which will shall be necessary sod proper for
carrying these powers into execution—if these powers, sad others
enumerated its the Constitution, may be arttaany bruoght into,

action by laws promoting the improvement of Agriculture, Com-
move, and Manufactures, the cultivation and enco of
the /Ifeclianie and the elegant Arts, the advancentellt of titre.
and the progress of the Sciences, ornamental ani "refound—to
retrain front exercising •them for the benefit of the people'thern-
selves would be to hide in the earth the talent committed to our
charge, would be treachery to the most sacred of trusts.
" The spirit of improvement is abroad upon'the earth; it stimu-
lates thehearts and sharpens the faculties, not of ourTellow-cillaens
alone, but of the nationrof Europe, and of their listen. While
dwelling with pleasing satisfaction upot the superior excellence of
our political inn itutions,let us not be unmindful that liberty is power;
that the nation blessed with the largest portion of liberty, must, in
proportion to its numbers, be the most powerful nation upon earth ;
and that the tenure of power by man is, in the moral purposes of his
Canavoa, upon condition that it shall be eaereised to ends of benefi.
cence,to improve the condition of himself and his fellow men. While
foreign nations, less blened with that freedom which is power than
ourselies, are advancing with gigantic strides in the career of public
improvement, Tete we to slumber in indolence, or fold up our
arms, and proclaim to the world that we were palsied by the will
of our constituents, would It not be to cast away the bounties of
Paovinanos and doom ourselves to perpetual inferiorky ? In the
course of the year now-dtawing to its close, we have beheld, under
the auspices, and at the expense of one State of this Union, a new
University unfolding its portals to the sons of tcitaee, andlsolding
up the torch of human improvement to eyes that seek the light.—
We have seen, under the persevering and enlightened enterprisers'
another State, the waters of our western lakes mingled with those
of the ocean. If undertakings like these have been accomplished
in the compass of a few years, can we, the Representative Autho-
•ritks of the whole Union, fall behind our fellow-servants in the
exercise of the trust committed to us for the benefit of our common
sovereign, by the accomplishment of works important to the whole,
and to which neither the authority nor the resources of any ono
State can be adequate?
" Finally, fellow-citizens, I shall await with 'cheering hope and
faithful co-operation, the result of your deliberations; assured that,
without encroaching upon the powers reserved to the authorities
of the respective States, or to the people, you will, with a due
sense of your obligations to your country, and of the high res.
ponsibilities weighing upon yourselves, give efficacy to the mesas
committed to you toe the common good. And may Ha who
searches the hearts of the children of men, prosper your exertions
to secure the blessings of peat*, and promote the highest wet.
' fare of our country. JOHN IaULNCY ADAMS."

i I E.\ I nrAtt.

LONDON.

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 4, 1826.
STUCK EXCHANGE, TWELVE OCLOCK.

Consols opened at 821 for the Account, and continue at the
above price up to the present time; the only dill:fence is, they are
buyers. The Speech of the American President his not haAl any
impression on the Funds. Consols are new 821 a. Nothing doing
as yet in Exchequer Bills.

ONE O'CLOCK.
Consols have been done at 82} in consequence of the Fres&
Funds coming higher.
Nothing is doing in the Foreign. Market. All South Americas
Securities remain as yesterday.

Ctirrent Prices: Colombian an 66, Mexican St per Cents. 69*
70, Danish Three per Cents. 621 63, Portutoese 77'18, Ramis%
811, Old Spanish 121 13, Greek Scrip 13 disc.
Pi:ICR OF STOCKS AT TWO u'CLOCIL
Bank Stock 2201/4 2191,4
3 per Cent. Rea. 81% 821/4
Si per Cent: 901/4 114
per Cent. Red. 901/4 91
Long Ann. 201/4 1-16 3.16
India Bonds 14 12
Old Annuities 811 k $2
MAX) Exciieq. Bill. 2 4. 1 3 preen.
£5OO ditto 2 4 2 prem.
Lloxo and £2OO ditto 4 6 2 prem. .
Bank for Acct. 221
Cons. ior Account 823/s 7 %
EZCHANGg&
Daa.lll.--4letaillques errl. Bank Shares 1114.
.22.—bletalliques 891. Bank Sham 11511.
FRENCH FUNDS, Roos, JANuaar 2.
Five per Cents. ; . 961. 70c.
Three per Cents. . 65f. 66c.
bisarlitan live per Cents. . . 76f. 50c.
Royal Spanish Loan, 1823 . . 464 f.

It gives us much pleasure to be enabled to set at rest
the many unfounded reports which•have appeared in •
the English and foreign Journals, respecting the death .
of the late Emperor ALIXANDZIL Through the kind-
ness of an eminent merchant in the City, we have be-
fore us a letter (not a copy), written at Taganrog on
the 30th of November, the day before the Euratton..
died, which clearly states the commencement and.pro- .
gress of the fatal malady. The letter is written by .a
Gentleman residing at Taganrog, who is intimately.
known to the merchant who has so kindly handed it to
us, and we pledge ourselves to its authenticity. Of
this letter, which was received yesterday, the following
is a copy :

m TAsowzoo, Nov. le (so), 1 etS.

" Dean Sin— I bad the honour of addressing you on the 4th
(1 6th) inst. giving you some details on trade, and would not hive '
disturbed you again se quick were it not for a very important mo-
tive, which interests all Europe. Our Emperor, one of the best
kvereigns in Europe, is very ill, and all the physicians have lost
hopes of his recovery ; we are expecting every moment to bear be
is no more. On the sth inst.(old style) he returned from a trip hi the
Crimea, and during the journey, near Perelop, he Mt the first'
symptoms of the fever. On his return here it appeared that the .
malady was the ague, which afterwards became a bilious nervous
fever of the most dangerous nature. The malady gradually in-
creased, and there remained hardly any hopes, although the
physicians attending upon his Majesty have done all they could to
lave hint. Yesterday all the inhabitants were rejoiced on hearing'
he had get a little better, and the hopes of the Doctors somewhat
revived, when this morning we have learnt that his Majesty is
much worse, and Goa knows if there will be any hopes of r:co-
very. I ►ave no words to express the desolation of the inhabitants, •
In seeing theit great Protector in this dangerous state. Should we
feel the misfortune of lining him, all the hopes of the town are
over, and will fall in its former state."

This forenoon we received the Austria's Observer of
the 22d and 23J nit. and the Allgemeine Zeitung
the 27th of Dec. They contain some further particu-
lars respecting the death of the Emperor ALEXAIIDER,.
the interest of which is, however, greatly superseded by
the important letter from Taganrog, which we insert.
The Austrian Observer, which did not publish a line on
the subject of the death of the Emperor of Russia, until
the Court of Vienna had been officially informed of its
tinier date of the gist December, states, that just as the
paper was going to press, at 9 o'clock, P.m. the official
news of the death of the Emperor Amtnennaa had been
received from St. Petersburgh by an express, which
left •that Capital on the 9th, on wi icb day the hews,of
th,s melancholy event had be,a received in the Capital.
The time Journal adds, that the oath of allegiance
was immediately taken by the guards and tke civil Au-

thorities to the heir to the throne, the Emperor Coat-
&TAMS!, the First. This last statement is rather ow!

fortunate fnr thnse JournAli-rs %lin have been amusing
their reader% with ittCntlllil f to.e Grand Duke NICIM-
LAS sutceeding to the :hone.
Tire Ai ital. is tAsoverlof the 233 ult. gives the par-
ticulars r f thr HCCIIII• is hiuiight by the etpress that
arrived 4.11 '214 I,: I» S. P,tersburgh. It states
tk.rt t r Erin trio( 3.it • ft•tirtll.ls,iosed at BatakstseLisara,
in the Clivea. 1,44 c:.i.tmued his journi back to Ta-
nrog. pariy on hors bitt.k; la here he arrived on the
13th. Mild same. dream of terffr. He werste on the
s4nie day to his mother, the Empress MARIA,
that he was unwell, but that he to k care of himself,
and that the indisposition would be of little conse-
quence. The remaining particulars coincide with those
already published.

Tbef()elowing estract is from the Allgeneeine Zeitung
of the 27th tilt.

FROM THE FRONTIERS OF POLAND. D. 15.

Private letters from Warsaw give the following par-
ticulars of the death of the Em;eror Alexander, the
eo.rectness of which we will by no means warrant.
The Emperor /Tire*, s is have taken cold on hi; journey
through the Crimea, where he travelled long distances
on horseback en the sea coast ; fever ensued, and he
returned ill to Taganrog, where be grew worse. Sud•
denly the wound in his foot, which had been hitherto
open, dosed, on which he is said to have exclaimed,
u Antra le sort is aro bleu►," and made his last dispo-
sition in the presence of Generals Mamma and
Wor.KOWSE Y.

We have received the French Papers of Sunday, and
the Moils of yesterday. On New Year's Day, the
Kist; received the congratulations of the Peers of
France, the Coeneil of State, the Municipality of
Paris, &c. Tie Foreign Ambassadors also paid their
tes,)ects to his Majesty and the Royal Family.
The !lode states, that intelligence bad been received iI
from St. Petersburgh, of the 17th ult. at which time
the Gland Duke MICHAEL had arrived in the capital.
Nothing had occurred to change the posture of affairs,
and the Emperor CONSTANTINE had been proclaimed
at. Moscow, as well as at St. Petersburgh.
The laoile notices some of the rumours about CON-
a rANTINS resignin the Crown, which are not worthy
of at ent;oi.. it also contains a long article from St.
Petersburgh, of the 14tli ult.which has been anticipated,
in our ca racts from the Hamburgh Papers, in the
STAR of Monday last. The only part that is new, is
an Ukase published by the Senate, directing that the
news of the death of the Emperor ALIXANDER, and of
the &nate having taken the oath of allegiance to the
Emperor CONSTANTINE the First, should be sent to all
the civil and military authorities, who were to publish
the intelligence in their respective jurisdictions. They
v e e latches- charged, to take the oath of allegiance to
the Emperor CONSTANTIN; and to administer it to his
Majetty's subjects. _

The Orie►rtul Spectator of the 25th Nov. contains
an a-tide from Modon, of the 14th of that month,
stating,' that on the following day Isammt PACIIA
wnuld set out with the new troops, amounting to 8,000
men, and 1.000 cavalry for Missolongbi ; the Turkish
fleet was to sail on the same day and for the same
destina

The Dale contains some acceuuts from Zinte, of a
slight engagement between the Greek and Turkish
fleets, on the 284 of November, but as we have been
favoured wish a journal of the proceedings of these
flesh up to the 29. h of November, which we shall pub-
lish tomorrow. we shall not notice the subject farther
a. present. _ _

The last accounts from Lisbon state, that the KIN!
returned from itlafra to the capital on the 12th ult. is
good health.

Several months have now elapsed since we cautioned
our Readers frt m implicit relt ince on the too favoura.
hle statements received ham India, in reference to the
termination of the Burmese war. Even when it was
assert-d, apparently on offizial authority, that Pre-
liminary Articles of Peace had been signed, we
doubted the fact—well convinced as we were that
nothing but complete subjection would induce the
barbarians t 3 p-opnse peace on. the eve of the
rainy season, to the fatal effects of which, on Euro.
ran consti!titions, no less than on these of cur Asi-
atic tro Ts, they wArld n *totally lank, as a source o'
hope, that they might open a new campaign on more
favourable trims.

We find, to our very great concern, by the late ar-
rivals from India, thdt this prediction has been but too
car verified. Sickness, it is said, to a very great extent,
prevails in the quarters of our gallant army, and it is
added that medical remedies are unavailing, there
hens no 'cure for the malady of the climate, but the re-
moval of the patient beyond the sphere of its influence.
The Court of Directors, however, are adopting the
most energetic measures for prosecuting the war. Five
chartered East Indiamen, all ships of the most superb
description, are now lading at Gravesend, chiefly, it
virolly, with militdry stores and equipments, and
ate to sail for Calcutta with the utmost dispatch.

A letter was yesterday received in the City horn
'Lame, of the SOth of November, which gives a melan-
choly account of the situation of the Greeks in the
Mores. It states, that at least ten thousand of the
Greeks have fallen, chiefly by the Arab cavalry, which
is a species of force with which they are unaccustomed
to contend.

We have this day inserted the Message of the NEM-
101.NT of the United States to Congress. As a State
aptr it will be rval a ith considerable interest ; but we

regret that it runs into such very great detail, and isi
altogether such a lengthy production, that however.
inclined to feel the importanee, separatfiy considered,
of the manifoli topics of discussion on which it has
descanted, we are under the necessity of postponing.
for the present, suck remarks as have occurred to us
on a carefulsperusal of its contents.