Star.
London, England, 1821-08-03 00:00:00

Jwit 10.748.

DR. DAVY'S TRAVELS IN CEYLON.
This day was published, in 4to. with Engravings, £5 13s. 6d. bds.
AN ACCOUNT of the INTERIOR of CEYLON,
and of its INHABITANTS, with Travels in that Island.
By JOHN DAVY, M.D. F.R.S.
Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Otme, and Brown, London.

TILE LAST VOYAGE TO THE ARCTIC REGIONS.
This day was published,
The Fourth Edition, in One Volume, svo. with Maps, ice.
price 12s.
AJOURNAL of a VOYAGE of DISCOVERY
to the ARCTIC REGIONS, in his Majesty's Ships
Heels and Griper, under the Command of Captain Peasx.
By ALEXANDER FISHER, Esq. Surgeon to tho Heels.
Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London.

MANNERS, CUSTOMS, &c. of AMERICA. -
This day was published, in octavo, price 13s. boards,
'VIEWS of AMERICA, in a Series of Letters from
V that Country to a Friend in England, during 1818, 19, and
13y an ENGLISHWOMAN.
Printed for Longm4n, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London.
Of whom may be had, Sketches of India, by a Traveller, for
Fire-side Travellers at Home, 10s. 6d.

NiIIIGNAL EDUCATION.

TO TIIE EDITOR or THE STAR.
Kelvinbank, 224 March, 1821:

This day was published, price 55.6 d. •
THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL of FOREIGN
MEDICINE and SI.TTIGEItY, and of the SCIENCES
connected with them, No. XL
CONTENTS:-I. Orfila's Lectures on Poisons.—ll. Flajani's
Surgical Observations and Reflections.—Hl. Scrres on Apo-
plezy.—lV. Proposals for obviating incontinence of Urine in
Women after Litbotomy, by Dr. Samson.—V. Cases of Litho-
tinny which occurred in the Hospitals at Paris, &c.—V I. Cases
and Observations on Purpura, by Dr. Marquett, of Magdeburg,
and Dr. Struve, of Elmshorn.—V 11. Madame Lachapelle's
Tractice of 3lidwifery.—V I l I. Medical Researches on Vapour
and Um Bath', and on Fumigations, &cc. by Dr. Assalini, of
Naples.—T X. Breschet and Barruel on Chronic Hydrocephalus.'
N. Bolzano on the Diagnosis of Phthisis.—X I. Au Account of
the Climate of Nice, by Dr. Richelmi, of that town.—Xll.
Professor Lobstein's Account of the Anatomical Museum of
Strasbourg.—Analecta, containing a variety of interesting and
curious cases, &c. Quarterly List of New Foreign Publications.
London: l'rinted for John Anderson, Medical Bookseller,
40, West Smithfield.

•
Sta—The following Letter has been addressed to me, by Dr.
Ileaav GUEY ISPNan, Physician to his lamented Royal IlighT
ness the late Duke of KENT, &c. As the Doctor, among other
humane objects, has long directed his attention to the principles
of National Education, it might be doing essential service to the
important cause, to give publicity, through the channel of your
Paper, to thiC sentiments of a highly cultivated and humane
mind, and is so deeply interesting to a tiling generation.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
WILLIAM RAE WILSON.

Je,t published, price
ASLAP at SLOP and the BRIDGE-STREET
GANG. With the I.IFEof DOCTOR SLOP, and the
ORIGIN of the GANG.
JACthe AUTHOR of the POLITICAL HOUSE that
K BUILT.
With 27 Cots, by Mr. George Cruikshank, viz.-1. Sublcrlp-
don Vessel-2. Bridge-street Sweeper-5. Ilia Marking Brush
4. The Tenth, or King's Own-5. The Gang Arms-6. Fe-
rocity-7. Topsy-Curry-8. Indian Juggler-9. Peterloo 3lonu-
wient-10. I'eterloo Medal-11. Jack Ketch's Mark-12. Slop's
atchoo ('lock-15. Red-hot Slop--14. The Rat's Reflection-
-15. A Nondescript-16. Bridge.btrect Gang at Work-17. Devil
on Two Sticks--18. Dr. Slop's Obscenity-11. Universal Safety
Lamp-20. Pray remember the Grotto !-21. The Pott Lau-
reate and Glorious Apallo--22. Jack in the Green--23. London
Bridge and the Borough Arches-24. Constitutional Bridge-25.
The Triangle-26. Emptying the Slop Pail-27. The Paw.
Printed for \Valiant Hone, 45, Ludgate-hilL

Just published, wrap a 6ne Portrait,
A N ANALYSIS of the TALENTS and CIIA.
nAcTKR of NA POLF.ON BONAPARTE.
BY A GENERAL OFFICER.

The Talents and Character of Bonaparte must be analysed to
be understood. There is so much of the great and of the little,
of the splendid and mean, of knowledge and ignorance, that no
true idea can be formed front a vitt-al virtu; the various ta-
lents and traits of char tcter must he viewed and examined sepa-
rately, which is what is done in this Analysis. Bonaparte does
not apir_•c:r to have been the greatest of the French Generals or
State,men, but he united in himself a greater variety of talents
than perhaps any man that ever existed, and these talents; exerted
in troublesome times, with a perseverance, energy, and audacity,
of which there is no example, led to the wonderful success of
that extraordinary man.
Published by W. Sams, Bookseller to his Royal Highness the
Duke of York, 1, St. Jamcs's-street.

Paris, Ist March, DM.
My dear Sir—T received all your letters with regard to the
subject of Education, and would observe, that of all obligations
imposed upon Governments, that of securing to their subjects the
means of knowing their relations, and of performing the varied
and respective duties they owe to their Gov, Prince, Govern-
ment, Superiors, Equals, and Inferiors, is the most important, ne-
cessary, and sacred. Without this knowledge, society is either stale,
flat, and unprofitable, or turbulent, anti-social, and wretched.
Now, Sir, man badly trained and instructed, is of all animals
the most disorderly and wicked. Duly educated, he is of all
created beings the most docile and tractable. The causes ofl
these effects, when fairly presented, are evident. The strength
and perfection of individuals and of nations depend upon
their harmony. To promote the order and perfection of the
magnificent and complicated machinery of society, mankind
must, by training and instruction, acquire a 'practical know-
ledge of the relations they have with their Goo and fellow-
creatures. Hence it is, that Society is the great School of Man.
Rational beings deprived' of mutual communication arc below
the level of the beasts of the field. The improvement and hap-
piness of the bulk of mankind depend upon cultivating the social
affections. Their wretchedness and misery are produced by anti-
social laws, usages, and passions. Deprived of social intercourse,
their rational powers and faculties are inactive and dormant.

PORT OF POOLE.
FOR SA I.E By AUCTION,
At the Custom-I louse in this Port, DO THURSDAY next, the 9th
of August, 1221, at Three o'Clock in the Afternoon,
1 rill-IE GOODS UNDER-MENTIONED,
which have been seized and legally condemned in his Ma-
jLatl% Court of Exchequer, viz.
:4 Gallons of Brandy
31 Ditto Geneva
1 Bottle of rapers
One 11-inch Cable, weighing about 30 cwt.
53 Pieces Round Wood, One Boat.
FOR FNPORTATION :
$ Yards Silk, 6 Silk handkerchiefs, 12 Packs Cards.
DIETALNED FOR REING UNDERVALUED:
48 Mato.

TOR VIE Dams, HAVINC RE,TAINED IX THE WAREHOUSE UrWARDS

or TIIIME NOM Ils :
510 Batten Ends, Bundles Wood Hoops, I Jar containing
271hs. Cranberry Jam.
After which will be SOLD,
Sundry Masts, Oars, Sails, and other unserviceable Stores of
Boats.

The whole of the above may be seen by application at the
Custom-houce,in office. hours.

Whereas, in society, man is either improved or improving, cor-
rupted or corrupting others ; being, as Aristotle has long since re-
marked, an imitative animal, bad example operates most power-
fully upon him, and often against his will ; and even simple com-
munication, when evil, corrupts good manners.
Since the memorable epoch of the revival of learning, an un-
bounded passion for speculative knowledge, has monopolized the
attention of mankind. The justly celebrated Professor of Edin-
burgh, Dr. Gregory, has remarked, " That on the revival of
" letters, the first ellhrts of mankind were naturally and in part
" usefully employed in studying the works of the Ancients, in
" translating them, and in commenting on them ; in explainirr,
" all their sense and in justifying all their nonmose: for the ad*-
" miration of the restorers of learning for every new.monument

" of antiquity knew no bounds." To establish a system of Na.
tional liducationohould the doctrines of revealed religion be made

a part of it, in a country abounding with different reiigious sects
and parties, is a measure equally impracticable as it is inimical
to the most prncious spiritual rights of man. The acquisition
of speculative knowledge at the expense of the social principle,
which is one of the great corner stones on which the progressive

improvement of society must be built, has produced the thorns
and thistles of political and religious controversy, and has re-
duced the civilized world, possessing all the advantages of wealth
and civil institutions, into a state of disorder and Wretchedness
on the one hand, and luxury and vice on the other. Man plays
a selfish game with man, and nations with nations. Had the Go-
vernments of Europe bestowed the hundredth part of this pro-
tecting care on the art of teaching mankind a practical knowledge
of their relations with their (ion, Sovereign, Government, and
fellow-creatures, which they have done in framing laws for the
punishment of crimes, tae peace and order of Europe could not
have been destroyed during the end of the last and the beginning
of the nineteenth century, by an ambitious upstart and in-fated
conqueror. Threatened with public evils of the most formidable
nature—nations adopting unwisely anti-social and restrictive law
on industry—and the bulk of mankind puzzled and perplexed to
procure what Priovinsuce in his goodness furnishes to the beasts
of the field and the fowls of the air—l queen the necessaries of
life—mankind are now roused by these causes from an apathy
which has hitherto impeded the progressive improvements of so-
ciety. A Lk itisk Senator, distinguished tor his superior talents, and
by a generous and benevolent heart, has devoted, much to his
honour, a large portion of his time, with a view of providing
England with a national system of Education. It would be unjust,
ungrateful, and ungenerous not to acknowledge the benefits which
will probably be obtained by one of Mr. Brougham's Bills. With
regard to the other, which has for its object more immediately
the establishment of a national system of Education, embracing
children of individuals of digirent religious sees mid parties, doubts
may fairly be entertained respecting its utility.
&fore I enter on this most unpleasant task of justifying this
assertion, I beg leave to state the following incontrovertible
truths : namely, parents and the spiritual teachers chosen by
them, have the only legitimate right to direct the education of
their children in revealed religion; but that it is the duty and
privilege of Governments to furnish the children of their subjects
with the means of acquiring a knowledge of the moral attributes
of Gon, or in other words of natural religion. To be brief, I
shall adopt the distinction of Mr. Locke. " Beason, he observe,
is natural revelation whereby the Fining of LIGHT and the
fountain of all goodness, communicated to mankind that portion
of truth, which be has laid within the reach of their faculties.
Revelation (he adds) is natural religion enlarged by a new set of
discoveries, communicated by GOD immediately, which reason
vouches the truth of, by the testimonies and proofs that they
came from Gon, so that be who takes away reason to make way'
for revelation puts out the light of both, and does much the
same as if he would persuade a man to put out his eyes the bet-
ter to see the remote light of an invisible star by a telescope."
The clause of the Bill which relates to revealed religion,. if car-
ried into execution, would evidently be a direct encroachment
on one of the dearest and most precious rights of man. This is
too evident to require further animadversion. Besides the Bill
in question does not embrace the matter of education, and still
less proper means and methods necessary in a system of national
instruction acrd discipline. Analysis must be employed in
order to furnish fixed points to set out from on this subject.
The education of ratiohal and social beings has for its aim or
sods First, the improvement and happiness of mankind; Se-
cotay, its subject or matter; Thirdly, its means, methods,
or instruments. Were the real importance (Mr. Owen has
justly observed) of the manner of instruction, and the matter of
it to be estimated by numbers, the former may be compared to
one, and the latter to millions.
Pacovinaircz has mast graciously granted to the rich and to the
poor, to the learned and to the unlearned, not merely the desire
of improvement and happiness, but what cannot be viewed with-
out admiration and gratitude, he has furnished the subjects or
matter, and also the means and methods of national education.
Ilene it may be truly said, " Goo is no respecter of persons."—
The works of creation, including man placed as Lord or Steward
of the universe, furnish the matter of education. In the interest-
ing and sublime description of the creation of the world in the
Holy Scriptures, man is represented principally as a being of rc-
hrti mu Philosophers have discovered, that, in his situation,
kninvltxl,o and virtue are relative. The unlettered peasant inclu-
sively, and the most enlightened philosopher, possess not absolute
but only relative knowledge. To know the properties and magnitude
of bodies, to know the relations and connection of numbers, to
be acquainted with the effects of die action of err body on arm-

GREAT NORFOLK ESTATE %ND MANORS,
With a Noble Mansion,
By Mr. WAKEFIELD,
At Garraway's Coffee House, 'Change Alley, Cornhill,
MoNuav, the lOtli of September, at Twelve o'Cloelt.
Lot 1. rr 11E MANORS, or reputed MANORS, of
L BUCKENII AM STBTON In CROXTON,
and THETFO II D CUM HA ',WICK; extending over a
large track of country, together with a noble Mansion called
BUCKENII A M HOUSE, situated in an ancient Park of One
Thousand Two Hundred and Fifty Acres, together with sundry
Farms, consisting of Eight Thousand Nine Hundred Acres,
rendering this Lot
TEN THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY
ACRES OF LAND,
About 80 miles from London, and eight from the 130ROUG 11,
Assize, and Market Town of THETFORD, in the Counties
of Norfolk and Suffolk.
This Lot forms one of the finest Sporting Properties in Eng-
hnd. The Park is finely ornamented by old Timber, and large
sheets of Water, supplied by streams which run for many miles
through the Estate. A Navigable Canal also runs from Thetford
to Lynn, and a Chalybeate Spring has been lately discovered at
Thetford, where a Pump-room is erected ; and there is great
probability of vast value being added to the property adjoining
the town, from this circumstance, at no very distant period.
Lot t. The Advowson to the Alternate Presentation to the
United Rectory of Langford cum lgburgb.
Lot 3. A Farm, in the Parish of Ashill, near Watton, Three
Hundred and Seventy Acres; in the occupation of Roger Jerry,
at a Rent of £450.
Lot 4. A Fano, in the Parish of Ashill, Two Hundred and
'Thirty Fight Acres; in the occupation of James Toler, let on
Lease, for "350 per Annum.
1.4 x 5. A Farm, in the Parishes of A shill and Iloughton. let
on Lease, with Lot 6, to Robert Miller and Son, being Four
ll,pudred and Sixty One Acres, at £795 per Annum.
Lot t;. Three Closes of Land, Thirty-Eight Acres, comprised
In the Lease with Lot 5.
Lot 7. The Manors of Uphall, Collards, and Gearnes, in Ashill,
with its Quit-rents, Fines, Rights, and Appurtenances; render
log the Owner' A PER Elt at tae lit!;(;'s CORONATION.
To be viewed by Tickets only, which may be had of Mr.
Wakefield, Pall-Mall; and of Messrs. Few, Ashmore, and
Hamilton' Solicitors, Covent-Garden ; and Particulars had of
them, and of Mr. Edward Fuwell, 'Mefferd ; of Messrs. Forster
and Unthanke, Solicitors, Norwich; of John Brightwen, Esq.
Banker, Yarmouth; of Timothy Holmes, Esq. Solicitor, Bury
• Si. moad's; of John Foremen, Esq. Solicitor, Harlow;
of Thos. ball, Esq. Solicitor, Saffron Walden ; of Mr. Wakefield,
Brook-street, Ipswich • of Thomas Gepp, Esq. Solicitor ; or
M.sssrs. Mem and Chalk, Chrlnisfv.rd ltutliind Arms,
N:wiu.trk,t; and at Carraw..y's. •

FRIDAY, AUGUST 3, 1821.

1' '.!* I" ti, E..

tiler, their affinities and re-action, &c. is a knowledge neither as those of the poor and labouring classes ; th :t children and
more nor less than relative. PROVIDENCE bath in his divine wit- youth who have been exclusively emidoyed in cultivating their
memory and reasoning faculties, and whose animal appetites,
dom drawn a veil over a knowledge of the essence of things. It
is therefore on a principle of relations speculative knowledge is desires, and passions, have never been systematically made ph-
jests of discipline, win become good me inb.!rs of society, is an acquired, and the works of creation, even in the higher branches
of education, as it is in national training and instruction, that a opinion evidently too absurd to deserve e serials, refutation. I
would as readily believe that the mow-twists of the Atlanticknowledge of the matter or subject is secured. The works of .
Ocean could be changed by a mechanic, or that the storms and
Goa are, or should be, the basis of all science, virtue, and reli-
tempests in the atmosphere could be allayed by the weak arm of gion ; and the works of men possess merit only in proportion
man, as Slut children can be trained up " in the way they
as they are built thereon, and are in unison with those laws by
which the Divot? BEING governs and directs the works of cr should go," without having been blessed with a regular system
eea. 1
tion. " Nature can be subdued only by obeying her laws. of discipline, to give a due direction to their physical, animal,
(Bacon.)—Wisdom, Lord Shaftesbury has remarked, depends moral, and intellectual powers and bet:hies. Learning and
more on the heart than on the head. The uffections and disposi- knowledge mtee not be regarded us synonimous terms. Lord
Lions of children, the habits they should acquire, depend upon Bacon carefully and almost constantly distinguished speculative
cultivating the active powers and faculties. It is thus self-goer- from real knowledge. The former is barren of good fruit, the
mgrsis acystirc'd, attention commanded, and curiosity gnoefied. latter implies the existence of harmony between the head and
To accomplish these important objects, society and the works of the heart, and is evinced by signs and expressions friendly to
Nature furnish the matter and means. The characters of children the happiness of man.
must be formed in the society of children under the government The fundamental errors I have alluded to, consist in throwing
of prudent women until they arrive at the age proper to cont- the improvement of children principally on reading and writing,
mence artificial education. Habits of sub:mei:on and I
&c. and neglecting as the most important object in the art of
lelf-
government must be rendered a kind of second nature. The education, the art of training. The only trainers in modern
will must be governed by the social efettuns, and children times are dancing-masters, and certain individuals, if I may use
the expression, schoolmasters to dogs, horses, cats, mice, rats,
under eight or nine years of age must be trained before they can
be usefully instructed. The works of Goo, for which they mans- and wild beasts. It i 3 admirable to see to what perfection they
fest a strong predilection, are the volumes they should peruse.— have brought this ail. Would to Ilea ven the children of men
Activity of body and curiosity are two of the strongest disposi- possessed the incalculable benefits of training them up in the
way they should go ! Besides, to effect a salutary reformation,
Lions in children. The latter, if duly indulged, is the great source
women must be qualified to superintend the education of chit.
of improvement and of pleasure. It renders learning interesting
to the scholar, and training delightful to the director. It secures dren under eight or nine years of age. It is the affectionate care
attention, enlivens and invigorates the weak and delicate powers and winning address of women which inspire manly and virtu-
and faculties of children. It has its subjects which, by a law ous sentiments in the glowing breaes of children. It is thus
in nature, when duly presented, are conceived and relished by woman forms the dispositions, and tempers the moral character
children, and without pain in examining and proving. These are of infants; for just as the twig is bent, the tree is inclined.
the infinite variety of the expressions or signs of the operations Who can rival mothers in rearing in the minds of children send
of the active powers and faculties of the mind, the emotions,
.. timents of love and piety to Goo, and good will towards man•
passions, and sentiments, the numerous objects in the differentkind ? The importance and necessity of a suitable education to
kingdoms in nature, their names, history, structure, and uses.— women, as directors or guides, in training up children in the
The means or methods to be employed consist in simple reprcsen- way they should go, must be t 8 every unprejudiced mind evi-
tation either of the originals, or of copies hearing a likeness thereto. dent. All these Interests of society requite women should be
The most precious knowledge contained in the school of Nature properly instructed. The happiness of individuals, of families,
by children under eight or nine years of age, is that of a know- and of nations, depends in a high degree, nn the moral and re-
ledge of the works of creation of the moral attributes of Goo ;of ligious character of woman. From the delicacy and suscepti-
the different relations in which they stn nd in society, of the 'mac- bility of their constitution, they are more quick in contriving
self-evideat truths than man. They acquire habits with greater tical cultitation of the principle of duty. By being thus trained
an-
constantly in the great citadel of Nature, they will be led to facility,its and their taste for objects of beauty, their refined m
ners and decorum, are distinguishing ornaments of their sex.
Divine Author by a strong principle of association. A knowledge
They are evidently superior to their Lords in delicacy of man-
mindsof the works of Creation and of Peoviovicu will raise in their
tiers and sentiments, and a love of virtue, but inferior in all A-
piety and love towards their Ileevaxear FATHER. Natural
Religion thus taught will dispose scholars at an advanced
i period street speculations in which induction and continued arts of rec-
to enter the sanctuaries of revealed religion in spirit and n truth. coning are necessary. Extreme sensibility is a great impediment
Theematter or subject of national education, I mean of training to discursive reasoning. It gives full play to the imagination,
children under eight or nine years of age acquired without paint and counteracts the mild influence and authority of the under-
iii examining or proving. This Is a necessary condition to the standing. Hence it is, that women are, by their nature, less
gratification of their curiosity. Artificial education in the adapted than men to abstract investigation, which robs them of
sciences which prepares youth to perform the different occupa- all those winning charms which are peculiar to the fair sex. lo-
tions and ill with honour the various professions and ranks in stead of possessing attractive grace and winning softness, conti-
life, must be acquired, on the contrary, by employing pains in nued. habits of inductive reasoning give them the unnatural
manlier of a person which, in the French language, is designated
examining and peering. The former moulds the moral and
political characters of children, the latter qualifies yuuth to by the phrase an &mue "„que.
fill the different offices in Society. Peommexce.
children in
indicates in From the foregoing observations (if I may be permitted
the developements of the powers and faculties of
frankly and respectfully to express my centintents) it appears to
the most perfect manner the golden rule I have laid down in me, it would be premature on the part of Government to at-
National Education by the manner they acquire habits of tempt to establish a national system of Education before clear
speaking. This essential acquisition is made by instinctive and rational views be taken by analysis, and confirmed by ex-
imitation. Here the fatherly care of PIOVIDENCE; duly viewed, perience of the matter or subject, and of the great means and
raises in the mind sentiments of the most pleasing piety and methods, and instruments of training and instruction. Until
these objects be known, all that should be expected of Govern-
adoration. Spoken language is the universal instrument (as
meat is to facilitate and encour,.ge proper measures to be able
a mean) in promoting the improvement of children. N% itheut
ultimately to rear on a solid basis the blessings of training up
it their discipline would be limited in its effect, and instruction
difficult, if not impracticable. Possessing it, they are qualified children in the way they should go. Among the various means
to acquire every kind of knowledge, of which they are capable, which might be enumerated, I shall, for brevity sake, mention
before they arrive at the age of reasonable beings. Revealed lie. what L regard as the most important, namely, to appoint Pro-
lessors of the art of teaching and experimental schools in all our
ligion was proclaimed to mankind by the &mouse of the world
in spoken lang.tiage, and in Christendom, Governments have given Universities, and in the capital town or city in each county.
a decided preference to spoken language, in the means they have In the Divine books of revelation, which unfortunately are
appointed for teaching and inculcating religious doctrines and too little consulted in the constitutional principles of man,
training up children in the Way they should go, is profourully re-
duties. Two opinions; apparently in direct contradiction, have
re-
been maintained by different enlightened men in every country Sorted as the ilfaxue wen, if I,,.,.enti„g mem from going front
in Europe ; the one is, that the children of the lower orders of it The suffrages of the heart, are likewise therein represented
as the legal ecidence in favour of truth, whereas (as the celebrated -
the people make better members of society witlunit than with an
education; the other, that education is absolutely necessary, and Philosopher, Dr. 1). Stewart, has justly remarked) " The suf.
frages of the head have hitherto been relearded by philosophers
is a natural right to which every child is entitled. If. by the
as inimical to truth, instead of furnishing erideace in its Amur."
term education, in the first place, be meant simply reading
andned
The fact is, there arc few truths more frequently and profoundly
writing, it would be difficult to prove it to be an error ; if,
in the second case, be meant training and a practical krwieledgc of enforced its Scripture than the indispensable necessity of the
beautiful and faithful alliance of the head and the heart. That
the relations of children with their Con, society, and the works of
all systems which have for their principal object, speculative
creation, it would be equally absurd to attempt to refute?. The
knowledge, which is barren of the fruits of philosophy, aaa rule
first opinion is founded (se a conviction, that the political and
moral character of the labouring classes cannot be formed by of life, must weaken the great relations of man with his GOD,
and with his fellow creatures, is an indubiteble fact, proved by
teaching, reading and writing; the second arises from an over-
the experietice of ages ; and that the social principle must be a
rated estimate of the value of reading and writing to the goer :
great basis on which the improvement and happiness should be
but it may be maintained on a more testable ground, that of a
built, is not only confirmed by experience, hut is proclaimed in natural right rational beings possess, as members of a collective
Scripture as such, in all the majesty of Divine truth, and in the
body, of knowing their relations with their Con, and those of the
most beautiful amid spiritual manner ; besid.s, Philosophers ad-
community in which they have a legitimate right to become mem-
bers. These opinions may perhaps be expressed as follow :—Every mit that the exercise of all the benevolent affections and semi.
member of a political body to be able to perform his duty. to I meats is accompanied with ple..sure, and the malevolent pas.
Goo and to society, has a right, during his childhood, to be fur.
and a sound body, their active powers must be made the prin-
- sions With grain. TO bless innocent children with a sound mind
niched by his Government with the means of knowing genets- I
calls, those relations on .vhich the order, peace, and happiness of i cipal matter of Education, until their contemplative faculties
!have acquired suffickeit strength. Alanufactorers have found
society depend. But that reading, writing, accompts, &c. and
by experience the destructive effect on the bodily health of chil-
the other branches of knowledge, have been and ever will be
dren employed in wanks under ten and twelve years of age.—
best acquired, owing to their appropriate %%Atte to individuals,
Mere is an analogy Among all the works of Creation. The de-
according to the demand for them, or in other words, according •
predation, and I may be permitted to add, the degradation to
Se-
to the different ranks, occupation, professions, and local or tun-
which the minds of young children have been exposed, by being
dental circumstances. The first I call natural or rational, and
obliged at too carp a jeriad to leant printed language, by which
the second artificial education. In the school of nature intuitive
curiosity carirwt be gratified, have not merely been accompanied
truths are learnt. "There is a part of our knowledge (says
Mr. Locke) which we call intuitive, in this the mind is at no with an aversion to learning, and a dislike to their teachers, but
a
have been productive of antisocial passions, and have weakened
" pains iu examining and proving, but perceives the truth the
" eye does light, by being only directed towards it ;Tad this kind and sickened the tender and delicate powers and faculties of
those unfortunate victims. In the most celebrated ancient "of knowledge is irresiseible." From the days of Aristotle
inclusively to the present time, Philosophers have expressed the schools, scholars were seldom or never seated. In modern
schools they arc at rest the principal part of choir time he learn-
same opinion ; and have been equally unanimous respecting. the
The ancients cultivated the active powers and faculties of
•precious nature of self-evident truths. I hold it certain and even in.
children and youth. Moderns, by a strange delusion, cultivate
demonstrable (the celebrated Dr. Reld remarked) that all know-
almost exclusively the contemplative powers. They teach children
ledge gut by reasoning must be built on first principles, this (he
'to reason before they are reasonable beings. The celebrated
adds) is as certain as that every house should have a foundation.
Haller was taught logic before he arrived at the eleventh year
These self-evident truths furnish the basis of all the arts and
sciences, and of none more than those on which depend the of his age. Logic is taught in many of our most distinguished
Universities, in point of time, before Natural History, Natural
harmony and strength of nations and of individuals; thus it ap- 1
Philosophy, and the Science of the Mind. In our Colleges,
pears, the great foundation on which the happiness of the human
Teachers of Agriculture are to be found; although of all arts
race depends, is secured to mankind by the AUTHOR of every good
and perfect gift, without requiring, on the part of the children, Pains that of Education is the most complicated it is a singular facts
If examining and proving. But this is not all—spoken language, deserving the attention of Governments, that in no part of As
which is the universal instrument necessary in acquiring a know- ei,eeeed woad, is a Professor if the art V Education to be found.
In short, the moderns believe civil ebligatiens, moral and re&
ledge of the obligations and duties most precious, are actually 1
learnt by the children of the poor, and of the rich, without pains Sinus duties, arc better known by studying the conventional
i languages of men, than by knowing the universal language of
in examining and proving. Admirable wisdom and . goodness!
The great designs of Psoviasses thus accomplished IlltUltlVviy, i
Nature, and the works of Gun ! Old women, and nurses, bayo
and wisdom's ways are ways of pleasantness. ! discovered, by experience, that to present new objects to gratify e
1 the curiosity of children, is the surest means of allaying their
I have no intention of undervaluing the precious advantages to
i sorrows. Yet so little has the means :ctrl methods of education
be reaped by reading and writing, all I contend for is, that the
lof children been attended to, by teachers of this art, that front
most precious knowledge and habits may be acquired by repre-
i the moment children enter school; objects for which they have
sensation and by language, viva yore, before the powers and fa-
culties of children have acquired sufficient strength to be ewer- i no relish are constantly employed.
cised daily several hours on books which require pains in exa- i According to the views I have taken in these observations,
mining and proving, &c., children under the age 1 have more than once marked as the
niches the principal elements o isr u i
usefulver 31
knowledge;ucat u in
it whichieq
ufauury.
I period of commencing artificial education, should be taught
nothing that requires pains in examieing and proving. Pre-
necessary to all ranks and conditions. This important end ob. -
vented as 1 ant by the confined limits of ibis Essay, reflac.
tained, artificial instruction of children should be suds as well
in. I tion will present to the Miel of the reader, the almost incalca.
be suitable to their views in society, according to their rank,
tended occupations and professions, &c. I shall not go into d i lable number of objects and truths which are embraced by fol.
ee
tail on the particular parts of the Bills. Should the general lowing this maxim. 'fo establish a system of National Edu.
Government must previously draw
.the line between
principle nesctiapblelisohned7hbeichptrhoevepdrotjoecbteedfalNsea,titownathl Sreschpoecolysinagr.ethnewznatittero
1 toliecesnl and artificial training and instruction. The forrner
and manner of education, the object I have
.in view will be ;is equally necessary to the puor and to the rich. The lattt r
accomplished, namely, that of fixing the attention of
.Govern- useful when built on the former to all, but necessary only to
cation,
mfoernnitaatinodn,ofcalthceulaPtuebalitco, ont ' certain portions of society, according to
.thew occupations, of..
rorunaldids otfonthateto;lh,re;
ficesi professions, and rank.
Sir,
practical knowledge of those relations and duties on which, as I am, my drat Si your's truly,
securehe etossetnhteialpoog
means, the interest, improvement, and happiness of society de- IL Li. 3IACNAB, M.D,
pend. The children of Liu. rich ate equally in want 44 traniii.g

THE EVENING STAR.

LONDON'.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 3, 1821.
TILE FUNDS.
PRICES OF STnCKS THIS DAY A? ONE O'CLoCIC :
Bank &Mk 2311/6 231
3 pert. ent. Reduced 75/4 76
per Cent. Cons. 7478 753/4 A
31/2 per Cent. 86 per Cent. 94.X3 95 94%
5 per Cent. Navy, 10934, 3 344 3/4
Long Anns. 191 h 344—Imp. 3 per Ct. 74 'A
India Winds 60s. 595. pr.
Exchequer Bills 3s. 6s. ss. pr.
Consols for Acct. 7514 s 7474; 75 V 8 •

We have received to-day very recent accounts
from various parts of Turkey and the adjacent coun-
tries; froth Smyrna to the 26th June, from Constan-
tinople to the 2d of July, and from Odessa to the
7th. They come from the most respectable British
authorities at these places, and the fullest reliance
may thererore be placed upon them.
At Constantinople, the communications between
the Porte and the Russian Ambassador remained
suspended. The latter had not received hisinstruc-
tiom from Pete' sburgh, and it was thought that it
would be the middle of the month before they could
arrive.
If we may give credit, in the meantime, to the
accounts from Odessa, it is certain that war will not
take place. A Courier (says a letter of the 6th, re-
ceiv.t,i by a Ilouse in the City of great respectability),
has arrived to-day from Petersburgh, and the intel-
ligence he has brought, makes it certain that there
Trill be no war with Turkey." In consequence of
this news, the price of corn fell considerably in that
market ; and the chetwer (about six bushels) which
previously fetched 22 and 21 roubles, declined im-
mediately to 17 roubles.
In naval affairs a great effort seems to be making
by the Turkish Government. Another divison of the
fleet, the strength of which, however, is not stated,
has passed the Dardanelles with the expectation of
immediately commencing hostile operations in the
Archipelago. This armament sailed, it is said, im-
mediately on the arrival of intelligence at Constanti-
nople that the armed vessels of the Paella of EGYPT
had anchored at Rhodes. and wete ready to co-ope-
rate with them in an attack on the naval fot ce of the
Greeks. An Algerine squauton, destined for the
same object, was also expected in the Archipelago,
and cn the junction of the three fleets great reliance
was placed at Constantinople for regaining the as-
cendancy at sea, on which the issue of the contest so
materially depended.
The state of Smyrna was far from being tranquil
or satisfactory. The PAcHA was little respected by
the Jani,saries; and the Christians, who, yielding
with reluctance to his promises of protection, and to
the pressure of their own multiplied privations and
inconveniences on board ship, had returned to their
dwellings, experienced much alarm. It was hoped,
however, that more troops would at-live from Con-
stantinople to strengthen the authority of the PA( 11A.
The condition of Salonica was still worse : the sur-
rounding country in insurrection; the Turkish troops
beaten, and driven into a city crowded with inha-
bitants both Mahometan and Christian---both exas-
perated, and the former armed. A Greek squadron
also appeared off the harbour, and added to the ge-
neral confusion.

Since writing the preceding details, we have re•
cetved, by two Mails from Hamburg': and one from
Flanders, Papers to the 27th July and the I st instant.
They contain a variety of accounts from Turkey,
which, though not of so late a date as those received
in London, are highly interesting. The following
are extracts: