The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-03-29 00:00:00

FOREIGN NEWS.

FRANCE. —An imperial decree announces that a
universal exhibition of agricultural and industrial produc-
tions will take place in Paris, in the Palace of Industry in
the Champs Elysees, on the Ist May, 1855, to close on
the 30th. September.

A Paris correspondent intimates that the Emperor has
skilfully avaiied himself of the desire of Russia, Austria,
and Prussia, to come to terms about the residence of
foreign refugees, to obtain the consent of the respective
Courts to his coronation by the Pope, (about the 10th of
May,) in imitation of Napoleon and Charlemagne; but
whether anything may upset this arrangement is another
question ; many things may, and as a not improbable one
he instances the renewal of his dispute relative to the
custody of the Holy Shrines, which would perhaps have
been a cause of serious misunderstanding between France
and Russia, if the former had noc drawn back when the
latter signified dissatisfaction and maintained her claims.
A letter from Bayonne of the 17th inst. states that the
fever of emigration appeats to increase in that neighbour-
hood. The ships now clearing out for Montevideo have
on board 600 young and healthy Basques as passengers.
The Marseilles papers of the 22d announce that on the
20th a violent storm had caused numerous casualties.
All the ships moored in the new port had more or less
suffered. A hundred pleasure-boats had been sunk. The
English steamer Caradoc, dragging her anchors, was only
enabled to secure herself by the use of her engines.
The departure of the Levant packet Lougsor had been
delayed, to wait for despatches from the government.

ITALY.—The Pope of Rome,. at the request of the
Dutch Government, has created an Archbishop of
Utrecht, and four Suffragan Bishops.

PRUSSIA.—The King of Prussia, it is said, will
positively go to Vienna on the first of April, on a visit to
the Emperor of Austria. The members of the Zollverein
Conference held a sitting on the lith, %ben all un-
reservedly approved the accession of Hanover to the
union. A letter from Berlin, of the 113th, says :—" The
President of the Council presented to the Chambers
to-day the treaty of Commerce concluded between Prussia
and Austria." The Chambers were adjourned to sth April.

AUSTRIA.—His Apostolic Majesty Francis Joseph
has just received a valuable present from Rome ; it is a
tooth said to have been taken by his Holiness's own fin-
gers from the jaw of .Nt. Peter. This relic was presented
on the 1 ith by the Nuncio, Cardinal Viale Preis, in, a
costly Ostensorium."

TURKEY.— Accounts from Constantinople dwell prin-
cipally on the mission of the Russian Minister of Marine,
General Prince Menschikoff, and are of considerable in-
terest and importance. Before embarking at Odessa, he
passed a review of the Russian fibet in the Black Sea, and
of the corps of disembarkation which Russia has kept on
a war-footing in the port of Sebastopol since 1833.
Twenty-seven vessels of war—ships of the line, frigates.
or large steamers—and 30,11100 N soldiers were assembled.
The general then proceeded to. Constantinople on board
the Russian war-steamer the 'Wbudroyant, and arrived in
that city on the 28th of February. He was accompanied
by Count Diraitri Nesselrode, as secretary ; by two gene-
rals, by two admirals, by two colonels and two lieutenant-
colonels, as aides-de-camp, and by five captains as orderly
officers. Since the celebrated embassy of Koutousoff at
the end of the last century, no mission of this kind has-
been seen at Constantinople. Prince Menschikoff and
his suite were received, on disembarking at Topkhane, by.
all the employe's of the Russian Embassy, and by between
6,000 and 8,000 members of the Greek religion ;: and he
was escorted by them with great pomp to his hotel. On
the 2d of March the Prince went to the Porte to pay a
visit to the Grand Vizier,. but, contrary to all usages,. he
did not appear in the uniform of his rank, but in, plain.
clothes. What took place at the interview is not• pre.
cisely known ; but what is certain is, that wheni on
taking his leave, the Grand Vizier invited him, incon-
formity with the diplomatic usage at Constantinople, to
pay a visit to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Fint4
Effendi, who was waiting to receive him, he replied that
he would not see that minister, as his government, and
especially its accredited• minister as Constantinople, M.
Ozeroff, had to reproach him with several breaches of
faith. In consequence of this, Fuad Effendi gave in his
resignation. It is said in one of the letters from Con..
stantinople that the Btince demanded, in the name of
his government, that the Emperor of Russia should
henceforth be officially recognised as the protector of the
Greek Christians, subjects of Turkey, as France has been
for some centuries of the Catholics in the Levant ;, and that
the election of the patriarch of Constantinople should
henceforth be made by the Greeks, and confirmed by the
Emperor of Russia, to the exclusion of the Sultan, who
at present has the right of nomination and investiture.
The day after this. interview Fuad Effendi, was replaced by
Rifaat Pacha, who has been nominated ambassador at
Vienna, and who. is considered one of the chiefs of what
is called the Austrian party at Constantinople.. The
ministers held a council the same day, and put them-
selves in communication with the foreign diplomatic
body. Some days after Prince Mensahikoff had his audi.
ence of the Grand Vizier, Colonel Rose,. the British
Chargd d'Affaires at Constantinople, either upon the
solicitation of the Turkish government, or of his own
idea, sent a steamer to Malta, with. a request to Admiral
Dundas that he would bring her Majesty's fleet in the
Mediterranean to Basika-bay or some point near the
mouth of the Dardanelles. The French Charged'Affaires
at Constantinople, on being consulted by his colleague,
did not concur in the measure proposed by Colonel Rose.
Upon the arrival of the Wasp steamer at Malta with this
request from Colonel Rose, Admiral Dundas was of opi-
nion that his instructions did not enable him to comply
with it under the circumstances alleged to have occurred.
TheSeet, therefore,remainsin harbour.

The English fleet had not left &Malta down to the latest
accounts received from that place. In connection with
this movement it is affirmed in a letter from Paris, that a
treaty—the details of which have not transpired—has ac-
tually been signed between England and France, with a
view to concerted action in the affairs of Turkey, in given
circumstances. Lord Stratford de Redcliffe has left Paris
by way of Vienna, to embark at Trieste upon a steam-boat
waiting there to receive him.
The French fleet, under the orders of Vice-Admiral De
La Susse, left Toulon, on Tuesday. It was composed of
eight sailing vessels of war and four steamers. It will be
joined by the four steamers stationed in the Archipelago,
commanded by Rear-Admiral Romain Des Fosses. The
English squadron consists of five ships-of-the-line, three
frigates, two corvettes, and twelve steamers ; and the
Turkish fleet, of four .hips-of-the.line, three frigates,
eight hries. one six steamers. The force of the Turkish
fleet will be doubled by the junction of the Egyptian
ships. The Russian fleet at Sebastopol was composed of
thirteen ships-of-the-line, eight frigates, and other ves-
sels of less force.

Accounts from Constantinople to the 14th instant,
via" Vienna, state that Prince Menschikoff had his
audience of the Sultan on the 9th, and made known to
him the demands of his government. As far as has
already transpired, these demands differ in many respects
from what had been at first announced ; the Russian
ultimatum is said to be much less severe and of more
easy acceptance. The language of Prince Menschikoff is,
moreover, said to have been very moderate, and the Sul-
tan and the Envoy Extraordinary of the Emperor Nicho-
las are said to have parted well satisfied with each other.
A Paris correspondent, writing on Tuesday, says :
" I have just learned that the Turkish ambassador in
Paris has received despatches from Constantinople, which
announce that the negotiations between Prince Menschi-
koff and the Porte are already terminated ; that Prince
Menschikoff made some modifications in the pretensions
which he at first announced ; and that the Sultan has
accepted the modified propositions. I also understand
that at a council of ministers, held this day at the Tuile-
ries, at which Louis Napoleon presided, it was stated
that the affair might be cons'dered as terminated, and
that all danger of a rupture of the public peace was at
f,

an end

MONTENEGRO.—The retreat of the Turks from
Montenegro has been disastrous in the extreme. As soon
as Omer Pasha received his instructions from Constanti-
nople, which were conveyed to him in five days (the
Tartar rode seven horses to death between the Turkish
capital and Spuss) he proceeded to obey them. On the
25th, after leaving a strong garrison in Spuss, with 20
cannon, under the command of his youthful nephew,
Tesvik Bey, the Marshal marched south towards Pod.
gorizza. The weather was execrable, and Omer Pasha's
aim was by forced marches to reach Podgorizza, or
perhaps Scutari, before his enemies could throw any
serious difficulties in his way. The army had to cross
the Zetta, which had left its banks and transformed the
whole country around into swamps and lakes. The
irregular troops formed the van, the artillery followed,
then came the Nizam (regulars), and lastly the cavalry.
In this order the troops commenced their march, but the
" bottomless " roads and the difficulties presented by the
terrain soon threw them into confusion. A detachment

of Montenegrins, which had passed the night in a
convent on the frontiers of the nahia Piperska (probably
Piperi), at break of day fell upon the van, while a
stronger corps took the Turks in the rear. Omer Pasha
attempted to bring his artillery to bear upon the enemy,
but this, owing to the nature of the ground, was soon
found to be impossible. The Turkish General had
calculated on finding Osman Pasha's corps at Dioklea
(the birth-place of the Emperor Diocletian), but that
commander, it appears, had already been obliged to
evacuate Montenegro. Half-dead with fatigue, the troops
pushed on to a place called Rogani, which they did not
reach till after midnight. The Montenegrins did not lose
sight of the retreating corps for a single moment, although
bodies of horse were continually sent out to disperse
them. On the approach of the cavalry the Montenegrins
threw themselves flat on the ground, and fired with such
deadly effect that the Turks, who did not know where to
seek the enemy, *aecame confused and dismayed. During
the following night the Montenegrins threw up strong
entrenchments, and as the Mussulmans marched in the
morning towards Beni, they were exposed to a most
galling fire. As the inhabitants of the mountainous
districts of the Berda nahias continually poured in to the
assistance of their countrymen, it was in vain that fierce
attempts were made to force the entrenchments. Late in
the evening of the 26th the Pasha succeeded in reaching
Podgorizza with his worn-out troops. The loss on the
part of the Turks must have been very great, as the line
of retreat was strewed with their dead bodies. The
bodies of 1,913 horses, which had fallen victims to the
inclemency of the weather, have been counted on the
table-land of Grahovo. - _

AMERICA.—By the United States mail steam-ship
Humbcldt, which touched off Cowes, on Thursday night,
en route for Havre, we have accounts from New York
to the 13th instant, being four days later.
On the 13th instant, when fifteen miles east of Sandy
Hook, the Humboldt spoke the British and North Ame-
rican mail-steamer Africa, bound in, and then fifteen days
out from Liverpool.
The screw steam-ship Glasgow arrived at New York,
from the Clyde, on the 12th instant.
On the 20th instant, in lat. 48.30, long. 29.25, the
Humboldt passed the wreck of a large ship with mainmast
gone a few feet above the deck, fore and mizen masts
gone below the tops ; the bulwarks were gone and the
decks swept. She appeared to be waterlogged. Her
model appeared to be English.
The American papers are chicly occupied with accounts
of the proceedings in the senate at Washington, and of
the immense intriguing going on at the capital by the
swarms of office-seekers who are laying diligent siege to
the new President and his cabinet.

Intelligence from New Orleans, of the 9th instant,
says :—Cotton has been in brisk demand during the last
four days, the sales reaching 51,000 bales. The increased
receipts at all the southern ports over the same time last
year now amonnt to 529,000 bales. Prices are firm.