Star.
London, England, 1821-01-01 00:00:00

THE EVENING STAR:

LONDON.

MONDAY, JANUARY 1, 1821.
Ciscustmon.—llnliday at the Bank.

It will be some time before the Public can learn
anything respecting the arrival of the King of NAPLES
at Laybach, or the_ communications that may pass
between the hag Sovereigns and their new guest.
In the meantime; everything that transpires, as to the
principles which dictated the mandate of the former,
and the steps Which preceded the departure of his
NEAPOLITAN 1.%/ A 3 &STY, cannot but afford instruction
to mankind. The first of the subjoined documents is
given, with great seeming gravity, in The Morning
Chronicle this day. It is, to be sure, in every re,ren,
as rational and reasonable as the Imperial Epistle to
which it is made to refer; but we are not without
our suspicions—or, rather, we hat,e,no doubt of the
fact—that it is apocryphal —a mere Intercise of inge-
nuity, like the Letter that appeared a few years ago,
that should have been written by the Etnpress LOUISA
to the same holy Aristnrchs, when deliberating re-
specting the petsoa of NAPOLEON. We shall only
remark, that the pre.ent Letter should have been writ-
ten to FERDINAND'S " Royal Brothers," in answer to
their modest demand that he should meet them at
Laybach, when they might so easily have met him
at Naples or Madrid:
" We understand that the VICAR-GENERAL, now
Regent of the Kingdom of Naples, drew up an Answer
to the Letter of the Emperor of AUSTRIA, for his fa-
ther, the King of NAPLES. The following is a copy:
a gins my Brother and dear Sait.ia-law
1, Your Letter of the 20th November begins by Stating, that
unhappy circumstances have prevented your receiving my let-
ters during a period of four months.'—As the Couriers and ML
Miters whom I had charged with letters assure me that their
journies were never interrupted by any convulsion of Nature, or
any unhappy physical accident, nor the execution of their orders
I defeated by any interference of intermediate States, but solely
by the peremptory, and, as it now appears, unauthorised refusal
of your barium. MAJESTY'S own subjects, military and civil, to
admit my Ambassadors to your presence, or to convey my com-
munications to your Iscramm. Maassrr, I have not ceased to
deliberate an the consequences with which your bestow. Ma-
tarv's acknowkdgediknorance of their contents menaces both
Italy and Europe.
.11 In conformity with the engagements upon which my alli-
ance, and that of all Europe, with your lisramst. MAJIIITY is
founded; and by which the territorial integrity aid political inde-
//endows of my Kingdom, as of most other European States, is
guaranteed. I have determined to consult the Sovereigns allied
to me by treaty, by interest, and by blood, and especially the
Kings of &sawn* and Srans, on the causes and consequences Of
as sudden an interruption of an intercourse, which by so many
cations the honour of your Maresry's Imperial Crown P
bound to maintain and encourage.
" Your Istria:at blaassxy cannot doubt that the object of
these Consultations, aided by the Cortes of our respective King-
doms, is only to render your Imperial Crown capable of preserv-
ing the relations or peace and amity with civilized and indepen-
d nt States, and to reconcile the usages of your Court with the
duties which we owe to our own subjects, and to the rest of the
world. For that purpose, it may be necessary to repress such
illegal and traitorous combinations as intercept the voice of truth
la its passage to the Imperial Throne, or such anti-social practices
or institutions as interrupt the friendly and necessary intercourse
between nation and nation, and Sovereign and Sovereign. We
should feel happy to accomplish these objects with the co-opera-
tion of your Issraata.t. IU , and it is with this view that we
propose to your Manny to repair to Naples or to Madrid.—
Your presence, Sir, will secure a communication of facts which
is become almost indispensable.
" In the name, therefore, of the peace of Europe, the welfare
of our respective subjects, and the sacred cause of truth and
good government, we invite you to receive, in a free country,
those proofs of our frankness and sincerity which the unhappy
circuessianccs of surrounding flatteries, designing Ministers, and
the total absence of popular institutions, have hitherto prevented
being laid before Vim Tatreassz. Marssrr, in the Military Mo-
narchy over which you preside ! Receive the assurances of
a Your true Brother, and tender Father-in-law and Ally,
(Signed) a FERDINAND."
The subjoined extract, from The Berlin State Ga-
zette, must be viewed very differently from the fore-
going: " BERLIN, DEC. 19, 1820.
" In N 0.148 of Voss's Berlin Gazette, various re-
ports are related, which, as the Editor affirms, were
in circulation at Vienna, respecting the approaching
events in Italy. The author of the articles says, that
these reports contradict each other; yet he mentions,
as coming from good authority, that the Cabinets•at
Troppau had resolved to make another attempt to
induce the party prevailing at Naples, if not to over-
turn the new order of things, at least to bring it, by
means of various modifications, nearer to monarchi-
cal principles. The article adds, as a certainty, that
on the 20th of November couriers were dispatched to
Naples with the final proposals of the Sovereigns.
" An impenetrable veil still covers the deliberations
of the Congress at Troppau ; and it would be pre-
sumption to say anything respecting them. So much
however, we are authorized to declare, that no idea
was ever entertained for a moment, at Troppau, of
negotiating with the party prevailing at Naples, or
to make proposals to it to overturn the new order of
things. This would be, in other terms, recognizing
the legality of an insurrection, the instigators of
which were a secret political sect, and whose instru-
ment was the army. There cannot be a thought of
bringing a Constitution, which is the product Gf ad
unlawful power, more or less near to the monarchical
principle. The monarchical principle rejects every
institution which is eot, determined upon, and accom-
plished by the Monarch himself. of his own free will.
It is for the King of Naples, t Iva be shall be in a
state of liberty, to introduce into his kingdom another

'w'7.r7rr7tv.

Constitution-a=that is, so far as he shall be convinced
that such a one is adapted to the wants and the'
wishes of his People. It is, therefore, wholly un-
founded, that on the 20th of November two couriers
were dispatched to Naples with proposals to the pre-
sent Government : only this is true, that, on the 514th,
the Monarchs dispatched autograph letters to the
King, the contents of which, however, are entirety
unknown. It is likewise entirely false, that the con-
ferences at, Troppau were adjourned for three weeks.
,They have not been for a moment interrupted."
From the channel through which the Berlin article
'is given co the Public, we must consider the prin-
ciples which it manifests as those of the Km: of
Pnussra ; and, consequently, as those of his holy
brethren met at Troppau to dispense blessings to
mankind! Indeed, we never had an idea that they
entertained any other; but, had they not been avowed
'in an Official Journal, in a country where the Edi-
tors of Newspapers dare not indulge in what some
men call gig, we should have considered the promul-
gation as a hoax ; for, though *the principles of the
Holy Alliance are accurately known, we could not
have believed that these wise men would, themselves,
I have openly proclaimed them, or, in other words,
have thus without ceremony, declared war—for
it is an undisguised declaration of war—against the
People of every free State in Europe.
" We are authorised to declare," says the Berlin
Government Gazette, " that no idea was ever enter-
' tamed, for a moment, at Troppau, of negeciating
with the party prevailing at Naples, or to make pro-
' posals to it to change the new order of things. This.
would be, in other terms, recognising the legaliiy of
an insurrection, the instigators of which were a
secret political sect, and whose instrument was the
army. There cannot be a thought of bringing a
Constitution, which is the produce of an uniarvfal
power,. more or less near to the Monarchical prin-
ciple. The Monarchical principle rejects every in-
' stitntian which is not determined upon and accom-
plished by the Monarch himself of his own free will."
—This is saying, in so many words, that absolute
Monarchy is the only state of things which this Con-
gress recognizes; for we believe all the free institu-
tions that now. exist, or ever existed, have been either
obtained by Revolution, or extorted from Monarchs
or other depositaries of power, by operating on their
fears, or by force. The above may be a very good
doctrine for absolute Monarchs ; but it is one which
will never be recognized by any. free People. Our
present SOVEREIGN owes the Throne of these King=
doms to institutions established, not by the free will
of any Monarch—or, in the slang of our days, of the
Legitimates—but to institutions commanded by the
will of the free People of England.
Europe, in respect to population, may be cqgoi-1
dered as pretty equally divided into Constitutional
States and Republics, and of States without Constitu-
tions. The powerful Constitutional States are Bri-
tain, France, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Swe-
den, and Naples; and the principal arbitrary States
are Turkey, Russia, Austria, and Prussia. The di-11
vision is pretty equal in point of population ; but,
when we speak of intelligence and civilization, it is'
quite another matter. The Turks are absolute bar-
barians; the Russians are beginning to have a glimpse
of civilization ; the Austrians are in the lowest scale
of nations entitled to be called civilized; and the
Prussians alone can be considered as on a level with
the average of European population. The Sovereigns
of the Unconstitutional States themselves admit their
inferiority ; for the answer they have always returned
to the demands for Constitutions is, that it is not
adapted to the wants and wishes of their people. Shall
civilized Europe then receive law from these bar-
barous or semi-barbarous States? Shall the internal
affairs of every nation be submitted to the controul
of men who have no other title to interfere than that
they are at the head of large armies ? This would be
subjecting us with avengeance to the yoke of Vandalism.
But will the Holy Allies prevail against Neapo-
litan Independence? We say, No! They may pro-
cure Protests and Proclamations to be issued in the
name of King FERDINAND ; they may enter his ter-
ritories with armies; they may even obtain victories
over his People, and inflict upon them many miss-'
ries ; but in the issue Liberty must triumph. Spain
is in the same situation as Naples, and must in-
terfere. The Ultras of France, whatever may
be their secret wishes, must pay some deference
to the feelings and inclinations of the People ;
and the French, as a nation, cannot look tamely
on and see Austria pursuing measures calculated
to extend her domination in Italy, under the pre-
text of maintaining "monarchical principks."--In the
present age constitutional principles stand in direct
opposition to what the Holy Allies call monarchical
principles, and therefore every Constitutional Go-1
vernment has a direct interest in counteracting the,
aims and projects of these holy men, which are alto-
ther irreconcileable with European civilization. The
general peace and tranquillity can only be preserved by
the admission of the People to constitutional rights ;
and those Sovereigns who refuse to admit their People
to the enjoyment of these rights, are not only enemies
to mankind, but enemies to the ti anquillity of Europe.
The despots talk of maintaining the reace and tran-
quillity of Europe. We would like to see them prac-
tising instead of talking of public virtues. In fact
the peace of Europe will never be placed on a solid
basis, till the rights of the People at everywhere

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secured by Constitutional Governieeetsr—till theh4
Linen who promised them representative Governments
I.shall have redeemed tke pledges given to their pee.
ple, there can be no permanent tranquillity ; hut we
fear that many evils are in store for mankind before
'the people, everywhere, will take from tyrants tbe
power to commit wrongs.

His Mases aftcrhearing Divine Service yester-
day, took a ride for some time in the riding-housed
the Pavilion. During the day the Wart of A.RRAR
came from Bognor, on a visit to his MAJESTY. At
dinner he had a select party. In the evening
tllik
band played several select pieces of sacred music.
His MAJESTY is in apparent good health and-spirits.
Saturday morning, at ten o'clpc k, the Princess
AUGUSTA left her residence at Frogmore, and pm.
ceeded to the King's Palace, Kensington, where the
Princess arrived about twelve, on a visit to the Dar
chess of KENT and the Duke of Sussex. Her Royal
Highness, after.remainisig some time with the Royal
Duchess, proceeded to George-street, Hanover-squarr,
on a visit to the Princess Surma. The Princess Ae-
GUSTA remained with her Royal sister till a little be-
fore four, when her Royal Highness went to the
King's Palace, St. James's, on a visit to the Duchess
of CLARENCE, where her Royal Highness remained
till half-past live, and then left tows on her return
to Froginore.
The Duchess of KENT spent Saturday evening with
the Duchess of CLanesce.
Government has paid £6OO, being the half-year's
rent due by the QueeN for Brandenburgh-Houses
and Lady ANNE Il m itToN has been compensated
from the same quarter for the use of her Ladyship's
house in Portman-street, by her MAJESTY,. in
tlss
course of the last summer.
Letters from Vienna, dated the 13th ultimo, con-
tain a rumour, that the mediation of the Point had
been offered to heal the differences with Austria and
the other members of the Holy Alliance, and that
Cardinal GoNSALVI would probably be present at
the Congress for that purpose. The commencement
of the deliberations at Laybach is not likely to take
place very early, as the Empanels was certainly ex-
pected at Vienna on the 28th ultimo, and wonld re-
main there till the beginning of February.
Letters just received from Naples Bay, mention
that the- VENGEUR, 74, Captain F. L.MAITLAND;
and the ACTIVE, Sir JAMES ALEXANDER GORDON,
were expected to sail shortly for England. These
ships, with the LIFFEy, Hcn. Captain DeNcasr, were
writ to reinforce our Mediterranean squadron in
Naples Bay, during the allied conferences with re-
spect to Naples, at Troppau.
Demerara Gazeaes to a late date have been re-
ceived, which give detailed accounts of the number
and state of the slaves in tbatpart of the West Indies.
The Report is given by JAMES ROBERTSON, Esq. the
new Slave Registrar of the United Colony. It is a
triennial statement of the slave population. It ap-
pears that there has been a large decrease of the
bumber by deaths, but the Creoles have greatly in-
creased as compared with former years. Births have
been .in the proportion of one to forty-six. The
Report defends the conduct of the West India Plant-
ers,. and observes that ". the state of the black cope-
latiou seemsto call for little or no amelioration; so
great is the kindness, the liberality,, and indulgent
care of proprietors." It adds, that their own interest
is a perpetual call upon their humanity. In the colony
there.are few crimes committed of a heinous or arc-
cious nature, and capital punishment is almost never
heard of. At the present moment there are 42,989
male slaves on the island, computing Africans and
Creoles; and there ate 33,940 female slaves of the
same denomination, making a total of 76,929. The
slave population in 1817, amounted in the whole to
77,867. The number of births which have occurred
since that period is 4,817, and deaths 7,140. The
Report concludes with some gratifying observations
upon the flourishing state of the colony.
Another Expedition for further discoveries in the
Arctic Circle is finally determined on, and it is to
consist of two vessels, as before. The HECLA
taken into dock immediately at Deptford, to be exa-
mined and repaired ; and the FURY bomb vessel sub-
stituted for the GRIPER. Captain PARRY will be en-
trusted with the command. As yet no precise point
for exploring is named, and it is considered as not
likely to be until the arrival of some information from
Lieutenant FRANKLYN, now employed in the Land
Expedition from ludson's Bay to Copper Mine Rivet:.
At Sir CHARLES MORGAN'S Annual Cattle She%
which took place at Tredegar, on the 19th December,
SAMUEL HOMFRAY, Esq. the much respected pos-
sessor of Caworth-House, sent 14 specimens of capital
stock from his mountain farms. A sheep was exhi-
bited by Mr. JOHN COLLINS, a tenant of Sir CHARLES
MORGAN, which weighed 2301b5. Of this extraor-
dinary animal Mr. HOMFRAY has sent a side to the
Mayor of Windsor, that a portion might be presented
to his MAJESTY, as an object of considerable curiosity.
The Will of the late Earl of MALMESBURY was
proved in the Prerogative Court, on the 13th ult. by
the Right Hon. JAMES EDWARD, the present Earl, the
son and sole Executor. It is dated the 30th of March,
1820. The personals are sworn under £25,000. Be-
sides pecuniary provisions created and confirmed in
favour of Lady MALMESBURY, there are,bequeathed
to her all her jewels and paraphernalia ; a set of
French dessert china, and also a dinner service pur-
chased by his Lordship, at Lisle, in 1797; the picture
of her Ladyship's sister, Lady Mune, painted by Sir
JOSHUA REYNOLDS, and all the pictures, china, orna-
ments, and furniture, of her dre,sing and bed-rooms;
all the Morachet, or white Burgundy ; and one-third
of the other wines. The housekeeping of his Lord-
ship's residences is directed to be kept up and de-
frayed from his estate for three months after his
death, fur the use and convenience of his family.—
The privilege of the occupation of his Lordship's
'house at Great Durnford, Wilts, is given to his sister,
Lady Louisa HARRIS, for life; and, after her death,
to his sister, ROBINSON, and his daughter, Lady CA-
I THERINE Mattis, if unmarried, successively. Five
hundred sovereigns, which, it is stated, will be found
in the house, are given in divisions of 50 to his grand-
iaiti s; a
membered.tidTothtehedoLmidesytic servants are liberally re- ,
' children. There are some considerable charitable do-
who has had the education
of the children, 1:200 per annum is left, besides a le-
gacy of £lOOO, set down in terms of high approba-
tion and.tezind. The executor is residuary legatee.

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