The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1852-12-21 00:00:00

THE EXPEDITION TO JAPAN

The President alludes to the anxiety to extend com
mercial relations with Asia, and to promote an intercourse
between that quarter and their ports on the shores of the
Pacific. He then refers to the expedition to Japan as
follows :—" I have accordingly been led to order an ap-
propriate naval force to Japan, under the command of a
discreet and intelligent officer of the highest rank known
to our service. He is instructed to endeavour to obtain
from the government of that country some relaxation of
the inhospitable and anti-social system which it has pur-
sued for about two centuries. He has been directed par-
ticularly to remonstrate in the strongest language against
the cruel treatment to which our shipwrecked mariners
have often been subjected, and to insist that they shall be
treated with humanity, He is instructed, however, at the
same time, to give that government the amplest assurances
that the objects of the United States are such and such
only as I have indicated, and that the expedition is
friendly and peaceful. Notwithstanding the jealousy with
which the governments of Eastern Asia regard all over-
tures from foreigners, I am not without hopes of a benefi-
cial result of the expedition. Should it be crowned with
success, the advantages will not be confined to the United
States, but, as in the case of China, will be equally en-
joyed by all the other maritime powers. I have much
satisfaction in stating that in all the steps preparatory
to this expedition, the government of the United States
have been materially aided by the good offices of the King
of the Netherlands, the only European power having any
commercial relations with Japan.'
After some allusions to minor matters, the President
proceeds to the more important subject of

THE NATIONAL FINANCES.
" The cash receipts into the treasury for the fiscal
year, ending the 30th June last, exclusive of trust funds,
were 8'49,728,386 89, and the expenditure for the same
period, likewise exclusive of trust funds, were 546,007,896
20 ; of which 89,455,815 83 was on account of the prin-
cipal and interest of the public debt, including the last
instalment of the indemnity to Mexico, under the treaty

of Guadalupe Hidalgo, leaving a balance of $14,632,136 37
in the treasury on the Ist day of July last. Since this
latter period, further purchases of the principal of the
public debt have been made to the extent of $2,456,547 49.
and the surplus in the treasury will continue to be ap-
plied to that object, whenever the stock can be procured
within the limits, as to price, authorised by law. The
value of foreign merchandise imported during the last fiscal
year was .5207,240,101 ; and the value of domestic pro-
ductions exported was $149,861,911; besides $17,204,026
of foreign merchandise exported; making the aggregate
of the entire exports 5167,065,937 ; exclusive of the
above there was exported 842,507,295
imported from foreign ports $-5,262,643

n specie ; and

PROTECTIONIST POLICY.
" In my first annual message to Congress, I called your
attention to what seemed to me some defects in the pre-
sent tariff, and recommended such modifications as in my
judgment were best adapted to remedy its evils, and pro-
mote the prosperity of the country. Nothing has since
occurred to change my views on this important question.

" Without repeating the arguments contained in my
former message in favour of discriminating protective du-
ties, I deem it my duty to call your attention to one of
two other considerations affecting this subject. Tho first
is the effect of large importations of foreign goods upon
our currency. Most of the gold of California, as fast as
it is coined, finds its way to Europe, in payment for goods
purchased. In the second place, as our manufacturing
establishments are broken down by competition with
foreigners, the capital invested in them is lost, thousands
of honest and industrious citizens are thrown out of em-
ployment, and the farmer, to that extent, is deprived of a
home market for the sale of his surplus produce. In the
third place, the destruction of our manufactures leaves
the foreigner without competition in our market, and he
consequently raises the price of the article sent here for
sale, as is now seen in the increased cost of iron imported
from England. The prosperity and wealth of every nation
must depend upon its productive industry. The farmer
is stimulated to exertion by finding a ready market for
his surplus products, and benefited by being able to ex-
change them, without loss of time or expense of transpor-
tation, for the manufactures which his comfort or conve-
nience require. This is always done to the best advantage
where a portion of the community in which he lives is
engaged in other pursuits. But most manufactures re-
quire an amount of capital and practical skill which cannot
be commanded unless they be protected for a time from
ruinous competition from abroad. Hence the necessity
of laying those duties upon imported goods which the
constitution authorises for revenue, in such a manner as
to protect and encourage the labour of our own citizens.
Duties, however. should not be fixed at a rate so high as
to exclude the foreign article, but should be se graduated
as to enable the domestic manufacturer fairly to compete
with the foreigner in our own markets, and by this com-
petition to reduce the price of the manufactured article to
the consumer to the lowest rate at which it can be pro-
duced. This policy would place the mechanic by the side
of the farmer, create a mutual interchange of their respec-
tive commodities, and thus stimulate the industry of the
whole country, and render us independent of foreign na-
tions for the supplies required by the habits or necessities
of the people."
The other subjects treated of in the Message are but of
minor importance on this side the Atlantic.
The general condition of Indian affairs is believed to be
improving ; universal emigration of the Seminoles from
Florida is confidently expected at an early day. The
amount of land sales for the fiscal year has been 1,553,071
acres ; locations with bounty land warrants, 3,201,314
acres ; of locations with other certificates, 115,682 acres;
of appropriation for internal improvements, railroads, &c.,
3,025,920 acres. For the quarter ending 30th September
the aggregate of land disposed of was 4,181,258 acres, of
which 1,317,116 acres were located with bounty land
warrants. _

In regard to the Mexican Boundary Commission, it is
stated that the survey of the Gila has been completed, but
that the survey of the Rio Grande has been suspended in
consequence of defects in the existing law. The efforts
during the year to restrain the incursions of the Indians
into Mexico, it is said have been unusually successful.
Considerations are presented in favour of a plan to be
submitted by the Secretary of the Navy for the establish.
ment of a permanent corps of seamen, and for the
organization of the Naval Academy.

The receipts for postages during the past year, in
consequence of the reduction of the rates, have been
5'1,431,69S less than during the preceding fiscal year, being
a decrease of about 23 per cont. The President, however,
anticipates that, if the present law is retained, the
receipts will ultimately exceed the expenses.
The attention of Congress is again called to special
recommendations of various other measures made in
previous messages, and the document closes with a clear
and powerful vindication of adhering in all great essentials
to the Liberal-Conservative policy of the fathers of the
Republic.
MEXICO.—Dates from the City of Mexico to the 10th
ult. announce that all the Tehuantepec propositions are to
be published, and their decision left to Congress. Accounts
from Sonora report that Couna De Boulbon had rebelled,
and that a battle had been fought with the government
troops under General Blanco, in which the latter was
defeated. The State of Aguas Calientes had pronounced
in favour of the plan of Gaudalajara, and contributed
large quantities of arms to the revolutionists. The
authorities of Orizaba were treating v ith the insurgents
at Vera Cruz; and probably would surrender to the latter.
At Mazatin, two vessels of war, which were sent from
Acapulco to blockade the port, had joined the insurgents.
WEST INDIES.—By the Conway, arrived at Savannah,
we have dates from Jamaica to the 25th, at which time
the yellow fever was rapidly disappearing.
BUENOS AYRES.—A letter, dated Oct. 2, says that it
was proposed that Mr. Pendleton, the American Charge
d'Affaires, should meditate between Urquiza and the
Buenos A:yreans. The revolution had seriously interfered
with trade, and the Custom House and all the stores were
closed for three days.

LIST OF PASSENGERS.—From Boston : Mr. Calvert
and daughter, C. G. Loving and lady, G. M. Farnum,
U.S. Consul at Mauritius, Mr. J. L. Clarke, bearer of
despatches to London, Master J. G. C. Dodge, Mr. W.
Moodie, R. Mitchele, G. F. Bertman, L. A. Dowley,
Captain Drummond, 42d Regiment, C. J. Loving, jun.,
Master G. A. Goddard, M. Hermann, J. Bailie, W. C.
Evans, T. Morland, J. J. Jachimson, Dr. B. L. Bale,
Edwin Eagle, lady, and daughter, G. L. Jones, W. Gil-
mour, S. H. Herpin, P. Ethepare, D. Spencer, J. Van
Cott, 0. Spencer, H. James, M. 011endorf, A. Drysdale,
H. W. King, C. Gardner, T. Derivan, W, S. Rowland,
R. Rowland, lady, and son, O'Connor. Andrews, T.
Marquis, John Watt, F. Schweitering, W. Wilder, S.
Sutlet, G. Avery, Parker, 0. C. Henderson, Dr. Grundy,
and Peachcroft. From Halifax : Miss Deblois, G.
Hughes, Holderness, M'Gregor, Gilbert, M'Kenzie,
M'Nalt, Grindon, and Bennett.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

NEW YORE, Dec. 7

MONEY MARKET.—Stocks are advancing in price, and
a large business is being transacted. Money continues
abundant, but there is no change in the rates. In foreign
exchange there is a fair demand, at the following rates :
Bills on London, 110 to 110$; on Paris, 5 13- ; and on
Hamburg, 36k to 361.
COTTON.—The sales of the four days past amount to
7,500 bales, without change from the rates last advised.
Nothing of interest has occurred in relation to this sub-
ject since the sailing of the last steamer, except the ad-
vance in freights at the south, which is about equivalent
to the decline in cotton. At Eqc. and /d. freight, and 7
per cent exchange, it being no better for the shipper than
91c., Ad. freight, and Si to 9 per cent, the rate of October.
Strict Liverpool Classification.
Atlantic Other

Ports. Florida. Gulf Ports.
Low to good ord — to to to
Low to Food mid....
Mid. fair to fair —10 i.... —10 k.... 10i 11
Fully fair to good fair...lol 0 nominal. nominal.
Inferior nominal. nominal. nominal.
Tho last advises from New Orleans (4th instant),
give the sales of the day at 9,000 bales. prices ir-
regular, strict middling, nc.—(Froin W. P. IT rwhi's
Circular, of December 7th.)---The southern markets
during the week u: der review have been active,
but at receding prices for cotton, and advancing
rates of freight. Estimates of the crop from the south
continue upon figures above 3,000,000 bales, and there is
quite a disposition to raise the estimates here. From
New Orleans, by the latest mail dates, I learn that all,
even the smallest, tributaries to the Mississippi are in
navigable condition, and from remote points, whence cot-
ton was not received last year until April and May, the
receipts this season have been already quite free, The
following is a statement of the movement in cotton since
the Ist of September last, as compared with the previous
three years :

1852 1851 1850 1849
Receipts into the ports 864,000 560,000 520,000 560,000
Exports to Great 13ritain 306,000 177,000 192,000 131,000
„ France 42,000 73,000 73,000 61,000
„ other foreign ports 46,000 27,000 42.000 35,000
Total exports
Stock on band 410,000 152,000 271,000 343,000
From which it will be seen that the excess in receipts now
amounts to 304,000 bales ; the increase in exports to Great
Britain, 129,000 ; other foreign ports, 19,000. Decrease
to France, 31,000. Total increase in exports, 117,000 bls.
BREADSTUFFS.-There is a moderate demand for Flour,
and prices are rather in favour of purchasers. Wheat is
firm. Genessee is quoted at 431.25 ; and Canada at 1121 c.
to 114 c. The sales of Corn are moderate. New Southern
sold at 72c. to 741-c., and old Western mixed at 79c.
PROVISIONS.-Pork is dull. Sales of new Beef is less
active, but nrices are firm. Lard dull.
IRON.-Iron favoured purchasers. 150 tons Scotch Pig
vvere.sold at .829 cash, and S3l, 6 months.
NAVAL STORES.-Sales of rough Turpentine had been
made at 4"4, and of Spirits of Turpentine at 56c. to 58c.
Common Rosin is dull, at .8'1.45.
FREIGHTS.-Freights to Europe aro firm. To Liver-
pool the rates are, tobacco, 40s. ; flour and meal, 3s. 3d. ;
rosin, 3s. 41d. to 3s. 6d,; heavy goods, 30s. to 355.;
grain, 10d. to 10-id. ; Beef, 6d. To London, flour, 3s. 6d.
to 4s. ; wheat, 11d. ; measurement goods, 30s. to 355.
To Havre, cotton, id. To Glasgow, flour, 3s. 7ld.
NEW ORLEANS, Dec. 6.
Cotton is in active demand. Already 0,000 bales sold at
still lower prices. Strict middling is at 8
cents. The mar-
ket for Western produce is heavy, owing to the high rate
of frieghts. Flour has declined 25c. The sales to-day
have been 3,000 barrels Ohio at S'4. 40. Corn is dull at
50C. CHARLESTON, Dec. 6.
The sales of cotton to-day amounted to 2,100 bales, at
a range of 71c. to 9P. The market is unsettled, but
there is no quotable change._