Star.
London, England, 1818-04-24 00:00:00

, .
land the Isle of Leon : we were afraid of the new Re-

gents, not recognized by us ; the most eminent of the
Spaniards having joined the French, the Central
3unta having been dissolved, and the individuals that
had composed it, being persecuted and charged in
the public papers with treason. We were convinced
of the inefficacy of the Decree published by the Arch-
bishop of Laodicea, and his want of power to esta-
blish the Regency : we did not know that the French
might not have become masters of Cadiz, and com-
pleted the conquest of Spain, during the time that
that papek was coming to hand ; and we doubted
whether a Government created from the fragments of
the Central Junta, might not run the risk of shortly
experiencing the same fate. Instead of our hopes be-
ing realized, we soon saw the Regency expire, and re-
peated changes of Government succeed-one another in
times the most critical. In the mean while, we esta-
blisht,d our Junta of Government, in imitation of those
of Spain. Its institution was purely provisional, and in
the name of the captive king Ferdinand. The Viceroy,
Don Baltasar de Cisneros, dispatched circular letters
to the governors, to prepare for civil war, and to ex-
cite the provinces to take up arms against one ano-
ther. The river la Plata was immediately blockaded
Iby a Spanish squadron : the governor of Cordova
(began to organize an army ; the governor of Potosi,
and the president of Charcas, marched anotheito the
confines of Salta ; and the president of Cuzco pre-
sented himself with another army on the borders
of the Desaguadera, made an armistice of forty
days, to put us off our guard ; and before the expi-
ration of the term, in breach of his honour, he re-
commenced hostilities, attacked our troops, and a
sanguinary combat ensued, in which we lost up-

ward of fifteen hundred men. Memory shud-
ders at the recital et the horrors that were then com-
mitted by Goyenecbe, in Cochabamba. Would to
HitAvitx it were possible to blot from remembrance

the name of that ungrznetul and blood-thirsty Ame-
rican; who, on the day of his entry, ordered the vir-
tuous Governor and Intendant Antesana, to be shot ;
who, beholding from the balcony of his house, that
infamous murder, cried out with a ferocious voice to
the soldiers, that they must not fire at the head, be-
cause he wanted it.to be affixed to a pole ; and who,
after the head was taken off, ordered the cold corpse
to be dragged through the streets ; and, by a barba-
rous decree, placed the lives and fortunes of the citi-
sens at the mercy of his unbridled soldiery, leaving
diem to exercise their licentious and brutal sway
during revere.' days!
" Posterity will be struck with horror at the cruel-
ties, with which a few men, interested in the subjec-
tion of the Americans, have glutted themselves—and
its astonishment can never equal the mad malice
with which they have pretended to punish a conduct
stamped with the indelible seals of fidelity and love.
The name of Ferdinand of Bourbon was .refixes to
all the decrees of the Government, and headed all
'their documents ; the Spanish flag waved over our
vessels and served to inflame the ardour of our sol-
diers. The provinces finding themselves placed in
state of orphanage, by the dispersion of the National'
Government, and the n ant of another respectable
and legitimate, and by the almost entire conquest of
the mother country ; had raised for themselves an
argue, to watch over their safety, and to preserve
themselves unimpaired for their caprice, whenever
he should recover his liberty. This measure was an
imitation of Spain, produced by the declaration she
made to America, incorporating it with the Mo-
narchy, as an integral part, and with equal rights :
and the same thi-ig had been previously done in
Montevideo by the advice of the Spaniards them-
selves. We offered to continue our pecuniary suc-
cours and voluntary donations to prosecute the war,
and published a thousand times the earnestness of our
intentions, and sincerity of our desires.
" Great Britain, then so well deserving a friend of
Spain, interposed her mediation and good offices, to
obtain for us a treatment less unnatural and severe.
But those blind and cruelly capricious men, rejected
the mediation, and dispatched rigorous orders to all
the Generals, to aggravate the war and to punish us
with more severity—the scaffolds were every where
multiplied, and invention was racked to devise means
for spreading murder, distress, and consternation.
" Thenceforth they made all possible efforts to
spread division amongst us, to incite us to mutual
extermination. They have slandered us with the
most atrocious calumnies, accusing us of plotting the
destruction of our holy religion, the abolition of all
morality, and of introducing licentiousness of man-
ners. 'they wage a religious war against us, con-
triving a thousand artifices to disturb and alarm the
consciences of the people, making the Spanish Bishops
issue decrees of ecclesiastical condemnation, public
excommunications, and disseminating, through the
medium of some ignorant confessor; fanatical doc-
trines in the tribunal of penitence. By means of
tkese religious discords- they have divided families

against themselves--they have canoed disageooo34.
tweet n
n pareesn:shiaenhd
nenhiitledrehunsb;
husband
dey have
wifeav di
mlleieeya havebro.
e dissolved
tender
spread rancour and implacable hatredan be ;
then's the most endeared, and they have pre,ooed
cord;
system of ourdema.
throwr
Thalleynahtaurree iandtonpdties;
men indiscriminately, to diminish ens number, 00l
e
on their entry into morns, they have s- -""
p; of a;f
even to the market people, leading them t,111,,
squares, and there shooting them one lot coo rees le
cities of Chuquisaca and Cochabamba have mookaa
once been the theatres of these horrid slaugiono
" They have intermitted with their troops olio
,of ours whom they had taken prisoners, car.;
away the officers in chains, to garrisons, who, 4.1
impossible to preserve health for a year—the,
left others to die in their prisons of hunger and moo, .
and others they have forced to hard laboos
public works. They have exultingly pox to death (,Le
bearers of flagi of truce, and have be n ouiltv •;.,
blackest atrocities to our Chiefs after theyhad so
dered, as well as to other principal characters. o
disregard of the humanity with which we t.
prisoners; as a proof of it, witness we Depure '.;ores
of Potosi, the ,Captain Gene al Puma o:
neral Angulo and his brother Coemnanda. t \foo.
cas, and other partisan chiefs, who wem slut: . 000
blood after having been prisoners for oeveral
" They took a brutal pleasure in cropoiag thetas
of the natives of the town of Ville Grande, and sr
ing a basket full of them as presents to the 'co;
quarters ; they afterwards burnt that torn, mot oo
fire to thirty other populous towns of Peru, and 1r .ro
than the worst of savages, shutting the inhabium
up in the houses, before setting them on tire, tha
they might be burnt alive!
" They have not only been cruel and unsparing
in their mode of murder, but they have been void of
all morality and public decency, causing aged eels
siastics and women to be lashed to a gun and pub.
licly flogged, with the abomination of first haoiag
them stripped, and their nakedness exposed to shame,
in the presence of their troops.
" They established an inquisitorial system Li al
these punishments ; they have seized en pea:eohl•
inhabitants and transported them across the ma, to
be judged for suspected crimes ; and they have puts
great multitude of citizens to death eve.o
without accusation or the form of a triaL
" They have molested our vessels. ravaged car
coasts, slaughtered the defenceless inhabitants. act
sparing even septuagenary priests ; and by order of
General Pezuela, they burnt the church of ex 'sea
of Puna, and put to the sword old men, worn( ad
children, who were all they could find. They have
excited atrocious conspiracies among the Spaniards,
settlers in our cities, and they have driven us to the
painful necessity of inflicting capital punishment in
the fathers of numerous families.
" They have compelled our brothers and our chil-
dren to bear arms against us ; and forming armies
of the -inhabitants of the country, nixier toe cots.
;nand of their officers, they have obliged them to
fight against their kindred. Thee have excited do-
mestic insurrections, corrupting with money and by
all sorts of machinations, the peaceable cultivators
of the fields, to involve us in frightful anarchy, is
order to attack us thus weakened and divided.
" They have, with inexpressible shamelessness and
infamy, broken various capitulations we have re-
peatedly granted them, when wrhave had them him
power ; they have caused 4,000 men to regime this
arms, who with their commode!, General Pries;
had surrendered to us at the cembat.of Saha, to
whom General Belgrano, on the field of battle gear►
rously granted a capsulation on parole, and such
he still more generously complied with, trusting is
their pledge of honour.
" They have unveiled a crime of uoexampled hor-
ror, :in poisoning our water and provisicus, w:sea
they were conquered by General Pinelo at La Pat;
and in return for the kindness with which he maxi
them, after they had surrendered at discretion, 'ley
had the barbarity to blow up the head-quarters, to-
der which they had constructed a mine, and pre-
pared a train before-hand.
• " They had the baseness to abuse the sacred privi-
leges of flags of truce, to tempt our Generals acid
Governors to betray us, openly and impudently ad-
dressing letters to them to that effect.
" They have declared, that the laws of civilizzi
warfare were not to be applied to us; and their Ge-
neral, Pezuela, after the battle of Ayouma, to co
case himself from any compromise, coldly replied
to General Belgrano, that he could wake so tr..
with rebels.
" Such was the conduct of the Spaniards too:is
us, even after Ferdinand of Bourbon was restsoe
the throne. We till then believed that the :
1 talogue of disasters had reached its too
reasonable to expect that a King who I
formed in the school of adversity, would act be
in-
different to his people's desolation ; and re seat a
deputy to make known to him our sintaton. pct a
doubt was entortaitted, that he would hcnour arm
with a reception consistent with a gracious Prio'es
and that he would take an interest in cur supoica-
dons, commensurate with the gratitude that was
from him, and with the goodness of his hoot, Which
the courtiers of Spain had extolled to the skies Bat
a new series of sinful ingratitude was reserved c
America to suffer, exceeding all example that is to
be found in the history of the greatest tyrants.
" He branded us with the stigma of rebels. the
moment he returned to Madrid ; he refused to lista
to our complaints, or to receive our supplications; old..
as an act of extreme favour, he offered us a paniols-
Ile confirmed the Vicemys, Governors, and Generals,
whom he found actually glutted with carnage. lie
declared us guilty of a high misdemeanot, 101 113% ing
dared to frame a Constitution for ow- own era'
ment, free from the conttoul of a deified. aloolum,
and tyrannical power, under which we I.:d been
groaning three centuries : a measure that could be
offensive only to a Prince, an enemy to justice Ind too
neficence, andoonsequently unworthy to rule over tn.
" lie then undertook, with the aid of his Minister,
to equip large military armaments, to be clitt:tcd

ea'

had beer

wAs due

. .
is. Ile has cansetl numerous • diantlei to
pfit to catuttaunate the work of devastation, fire,
zdpittr.ler. Hr took advantage of the condeseen-1
e Powers of Europe, after his return from
ci di
;axe, to engage them to refuse us succour and
,sponce, and to remain indifferent spectators of
odscheries. He has published a special regula-
irelative to cruising against the vessels of Ame-
*4 which contains articles that are fraught with
koharity, and sentences the crews to be hanged; h
oe
jos prohibited, in regard to us,
the observance f
6e laws of his navy ordinances, founded on the laws
illations, and he has denied us a reciprocity of the
treatment we have shewn to his subj sets that have
D een captured by our privateers. He has sent his
(alga's, with certain decrees of pardon, which they
pablish to deceive the ignorant, and induce them to
facilitate their entrance into the towns ; whilst, at the
rime time, he has given them other secret ligetnic-
t-iss, authorizing tlletn, as soon as they should get
possession of a .place, to hang, burn, sack, and con-
fiscate; to encourage private assassinations, nnd to
commit every species of injury in their.power, against
the deluded beings who had confided in his pretended
pardon. It is in the name of Ferdinand of Bourbon,
Cat the heads of patriot Officers, prisoners, are post-
e' up in the highways; that they beat and sword,"
death a Ccawnandant of light troops; and that, after
wing killed Colonel Camargo, in the same manner,
the hands of the indecent Centeno, they cut
t off
bead, and sent it as a present to General Pezuela,
,fig him it was a ~tirade of the Virgin of

Canyhtcs.
a A succession of injuries and sufferings like these
have enumerated, is what has determined us to
take the only course that was left for us, We have
rtrecndly meditated en the destiny that awaited us;
je. a severe retrospect we have beheld the vestiges
of the three elements with which it would necessarily
be fraught—opprobrinm, ruin, and submission !
a What was there for America to expect from a
icg who ascended the. Throne animated by senti-
.ests so cruel and inhuman? From a King, who
afore he commenced his work of havoc, made haste
a have it so arranged, that no Prince should inter-
pea to arrest his fury? From a King, who requites
a scaffolds and with chains t;.e immense sacrifices
sale by his subjects in Spain to deliver him from
is captivity in which he was held? Subjects, who
shed their blood and contributed their fortunes to
redeem him from prison, and never rested until they
repiased the crown upon his head ? If such men as
ice; to whom he owed so many obligations, have
fa.clv because they formed themselves a Constitu-
suiered death and imprisonment as the reward
of:ltri: services, what would be the fate reserved for
a? To expect mild treatment from him and his
ilonl-Cairsty Ministers, would be to sec:: for magna-
arday amongst tigers.
a Towards us they would have repeated 'the
bloody scenes of Caraccas, Cartfiagena, Quito, and
&mu Fe. We should have left to be trampled on,
the ashes of 60,000 persons who have fallen victims
to the fury of this 'remorseless enemy—men whose
illustrious shades would rise up in justice against us
and cry aloud for vengeance ; and we should have
drawn upon ourselves the execration of future gene-
rations by being condemned to serve a master ever
disposed to abuse them, and who, from his nothing-
ness or, the ocean, has become utterly incapable of
protecting them against foreign invasion.
" Having then been thus impelled by the Spa-
niards and their King, we have calculated all the
tensequences, and- have constituted ourselves inde-
pendent, prepared to exercise the right of nature to
defend ourselves against the ravages of tyranny, at
the risk of our honour, our lives, and fortunes. We
hare sworn to the only King we acknowledge, the
Supreme Judge of theWorid, that we will not aban-
don the cause of justice ; that we wilt not staffer the,
unary which he has given us, to be buried in ruins
and inundated with blood by the hand of the execu-
tietter ; that we will never be forgetful of the obli-
gaion imposed on us to save her from the dangers,
which threaten her, and of the sacred right she pos-
sesas to demand of us every sacrifice that may be
necessary to prevent her from being polluted, de-
graded, and trampled on by the foul footsteps of ty-
rants and usurpers.
" We hare engraved this declaration on our hearts,
sever to desist to right for her, while there is a single
adherent of Ferdinand on the American Continent.
And now that we proclaim to the Nations of the
world the causes which have actuated us to take this
rem. ln•ion, we here solemnly declare and publish our
ntention to five in peace with all nations, and even
with Spain herself, from the moment she shall choose
to accept it.
" Given in the Hall of Congress, at Buenos Ayres,
Ille2sth of October, 1817. • (Signed)
" DON PEDRO IGNACIO DE CASTRO Y BAEROS,
(Signed) President.
" Don Jose EUGENIO DE ELI AS, Secretary."

The Paris Papers of Tuesday arrived this morning.
Most of the Charges d'Affaires and Commissaries of
ronign Powers, now assembled at Paris on the sub-
loot of the indemnities, met on Tuesday morning at
el( hotel of the Duke of WELLINGTON, who had a
lona conference with them. The arrangements which
/tv,: Lein since made at the hotel of his Grace, seem
to it is stated, that he will soon quit Paris.
I'ench 5 per Cents, Monday, 67 fr. GO c.

is rumoured that the Duke of CLaitexcehas re-
lere I it p r ievere in his determination of marriage
yth the l'iineess of Saxe 11 r t?..iNGEN, no:withstand-
tht, i`the House of Commons, if her Serene
knits, Simi emstiatie her consent. He can still
I" V. her a Duchess—and he will avail himself of
(ztt e y,i.ten by the Roval Marriage Act by
7r.1;r..g t,iull on the ks of the Privy Council,
1::1 , .d..roby will take his el..,nce of a vote of
appro-
au:! or d over, &c. 1... y the new Parliament,

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