Star.
London, England, 1818-03-13 00:00:00

.~

ON PRISON DISCIPLINE.
et. •

Who has not heard of the bepevolent Hayman? Our recol-
lections are turned to this departed friend of Humanity, by the
receipt of a Pamphlet, entitled " An Inquiry whether aim
end Mary era produced or pretreated by our :frame System
• Priem Discapieu Tnomos Fovress &arose Our object
is not to praise the Author for the seal with which he treads in
the steps of Howasn—for he must experience, in his own mind,
a solid reward for his labours—but, if possible, to promote the
cause hobos espoused, bybringing Fefore our Readers a portion
of his statement, and the evidence with which he supports it :

Magna Charta declares that no freeman shall L
taken or imprisoned, but by the 1401 judgment v
his qnals, or the law of the land.
When a prisoner is convicted by the "lawful judg-
ment of his equals," imprisonment is sometimes a
part. and sometimes the whole of the penalty awarded
against him ; and evidently with the strictest justice,
because it is proved that he has been guilty of an of-
fence, and this is the appointed punishment.
But the " law of the land" finds it necessary to de-
part from this rigid rule of equity, which would
abridge only that man of his freedom, who had heea
pronounced a delinquent by the verdict of his peers.
The security of the whole demands, that the liberty
of some should be -suspended for a certain period.
Persons are accused of crimes—they may be innocent,
or they may be guilty : but their detention is neces-
sary until the time arrives in which one or the other
can be established; yet they are innocent in the eye
of the law, till their guilt is proved ; and in this case
imprisonment is not imposed as a penalty, it is merely
permitted as the only method of insuring the appear-
anCe of the person suspected, on the day of trial.
So far does the law carry its reluctance to impose
confinement before conviction, that It allows the ac-
cused, where the imputed offence is not of an heinous
description, to be at large on giving bail for his ap-
pearance; it does not do so in cases of greater enor-
mity, because the man who has committed a capital
offence, and therefore anticipates the loss of his life,
as well as of his property, will not he deterred from
making his escape by any securities he may have
given. The ancient law displayed even still more
tenderness towards the liberty of the subject, for" by
it, in all cases of felony, if the party accused could
find sufficient securities, he was not to be committed
to prison, pia career est males Mansio. It soon appears
however, that one exception was allowed to this rule,
thanvil says, in all charges of felony the accused is
admitted to bail, except for the death of a man, where
for terror's sake, it is otherwise determined. The law,
s tys Lord Coke on Magna Charta, favouring the li-
b n-ty and freedom of a man from imprisonment
(though it were for the most odious cause, the death
of a man) and that he should not be detained in pri-
son until the Justices in eyre should come, provides
that he might sue out a writ of inquisition directed to
fle Sheriff; and the 3d of Edward the First, chap.
15, after pointing out by many and careful restric-
tions the eases in which alone bail can be refused, de-
(Liras if any withhold prisoners replcvisable after
they have offered sufficient security, he shall pay a
glievous amerceament to the King."
In short, to use the expressive words of Lord Coke,
he law did highly hate the long imprisonment of
a..y man" before trial. Now it is not to be believed
that our ancestors, feeling so much solicitude for the
c inservation of the freedom of the untried, were uncon-
c Thed about their state,when the pub iicwelfare deman-
d :,1 their confinement. It is as evident by the law of the
land, as it is by plain reason and the palpable rules
of justice, that the man whom it is found expedient
to confine, should be treated with the utmost possible
lenity—that suffering some degree of necessary hard-
ship by the privation of his liberty before trial—that
privation should be rendered as mild and as little
galling as possible, by every reasonable indulgence
compatible with his safe custody. All beyond this,
evei y act which produces needless restriction or suf-
fering, is an act of wrong and of oppression.—Laws
niay be as severe against crime as were the laws of
Draco, with some colour of justice: mistaken legis-
lators may imagine that this merciless system may
alarm mankind into innocence; but no principle of
justice can defend the infliction of any severities on
the unconvicted. A man can avoid the penalties of
crime, by. avoiding all criminality ; but no man is se-
cure against false accusation ; and to condemn him
who is only suvected, to any thing beyond mere
ro:sinement, is to commence his punishment when
crime is uncertain.—Lord Coke says, with his
quaintness, The philosophical port cloth no-
tably describe the damnable and damned proceed-
ings of the Judge of Hell:
Gnosaius hie Rhadaraanthus habet durissitna regna,
Caatigatque, auditque dubs.
" First he punisheth, and then be beamth ; but
pod judges and justices abhor these courses."
There is another description of persons who are
deprived of their liberty by the law of the laid,
namely, those in debt.--The debtor may have been
guilty of improvidence, of desperate speculations, or
of fraudulent wastefulness; but he may have been
r•Aticed to his inability to satisfy his creditor by the
v I Mtat.; on of GOD,—by disease, by personal accidents,
by the failure of reasonable projects, by the largeness
or the helplessness of his family. His substance and the
substance of his creditor, may have perished together
iu the flames, or in the waters. Human foresight
cannot always avert, and human industry cannot al-
ways repair the calamities to which our nature is
subjected ; surely these are entitled to some compas-
sion. The Committee of Aldermen appointed to
various prisons, are of a different opinion : they
think, " that on no consideration ought indnlgen:e
to be carried so far in a prison, as that it shall cease
to punish as a prison r and they give this reason :
" We should feel that we wanted compassion for the
industrious and injured creditors of this city, man:
of whom earn their daily bread by labour, from the
rising to the setting sun, were we so far to contem-
plate the situation of these debtors, as to place them
within the walls of a prison with greater comparative
comforts than the families of the citizens, whom they
have not only wronged, but upon whom, by their
habits of idleness and dissipation, they have, in many
instances, entailed absolute ruin ; and who have been
induced by their specious appearances and artful
me -ins, to improvidently trust them::
;:rarely it cannot have escaped these Gentlemen,
that this vcs y paragraph °enlaces their p: exemption,

that prisoners for debt are always fraudulent ; be-
cause It produces an iastana in which insolvency
is not a fraud. Let us follow their own picture of
a citizen :—He earns his daily bread by labour,
from the rising to the setting sun; he is imposed
upon by tha specious appearances and artful means
of the idle and the dissipated; he is unable to discharge
the demands against him, and a jail is his fate.
Imprisonment is the legal consequence of debt :
but it is only imprisonment, and it must not be ac-
companied with unnecessary and often fatal conco-
mitants. Not an act in the statute book is to be found,
which by any mode of construction can be distorted
into a justification of any, even the slightest severity
upon the debtor, beyond his imprisonment. With
respect then to the untried and debtors, confinement
is adjudged by law ; but whatever goes beyond mere
confinement, whatever has a tendency to impart mo-
ral or physical evil, to disgust or to irritate their feel-
ings, is injustice ;—and injustice the more dreadful,4
because it is inflicted on a class of men who are al-
ready too often weighed down by misfortune—be-
cause it is inflicted in places where the public eye,
does not penetrate, where therefore, public compas-
sion is not excited ; but whether it be moire or less
dreadful, is not so much the question. I con-
ceive, is certain, that any unnecessary severity to the
prisoner who has not been tried, or the prisoner for
debt, is injustice.
I am ready to admit, that the hardship of loading
the convicted delinquent with rigours which are not
required for his safe custody, is less evident. On the
first view of the subject, we are apt to imagine that
this is a part of his punishment ; but it is not so in
the contemplation of the law.—That law ascertains
the nature, and in some cases the Judge determine:
the quantum of the punishment, according to the
aggravations of the crimes. In cases of murder,
" the offender shall be fed with bread and water
only, and confined in a cell apart from the other pri-
soners ;" but this peculiar severity appointed in cer-
tain cases, implies that it is not to be exercised in
others where no such appointment is made.
It is therefore evident, I conceive, that where the
law condemns a man to jail, and is silent as to
his treatment there, it intends merely that he should
be amerced of his freedom, ect that he should be sal-
. jetted to any useless severities. This is the whole of
his sentence, and ought therefore to be the whole of

his suffering.
If any one should be disposed to hesitate in the
adoption of this opinion, and should still cling to the
idea, that prisons ought to be, not merely places of
restraint, but of 'restraint coupled with deep and in-
tense misery; let him consider the injustice, and irre-
sistible difficulties which would result from such a
system. If misery is to be inflicted-at all in prisons,
it ought surely to be inflicted with some proportion
to the crime of the offender; for no one could desire
to visit very different degrees of guilt with the same
measure of punishment. Now this is utterly imprac-
ticable. Our prisons are so constructed, as in many
instances to prevent the possibility of any separation
at all, even between the tried and the untried, the
criminal and the debtor, the insane,. the sick, and the
healthy. If it be difficult to separate those amongst
whom the difference is so broad and palpable, how
would it be possible to relax or to aggravate imprison-
ment according to the 'varying circumstances of each
case ? There must be as many distinctions as crimes,
and almost as many yards as prisoners. And who is
to apportion this variety of wretchedness? The Judge
who knows nothing of the interior of the jail, or the
jailer who knows nothing of the transactions of the
Court ? The law can easily snit its penalties to the
circumstances of the case. It can adjudge to one of-
fender imprisonment for one day ; to another, for 20
years ; but what ingenuity would be sufficient to de-
vise, and what discretion could be trusted to inflict
modes of imprisonment with similar variations?
In fact, prisons must always, certainly under our
present modes of policy they must, contain masses
of offenders, with very different shades and distinc-
tions of guilt ; and we must either make imprison-
went as bitter as possible, and thus involve the com-
paratively innocent, in these hardships which we im-
pose upon delinquency of the deepest hue, confound-
ing all notions of equity ; or we must come to the
conclusion that imprisonment is nothing more than
privation of liberty, and ought therefore to be at-
tended with as little of what is vexatious, and as little
of what is hurtful as possible.
Let no one apprehend that he is called upon to
embrace any new opinion ; the doctrine is older than
the statute-book—it existed when the existence of the
House of Commons is a matter of conjecture. Brae-
ton says, that fetters and all such things are forbid-
den by law ; because a prison is a place of reten-
tion, and not of punishment, lib. iii. folio 105. Fleta
says, 1. i. c. 26, jailers shall not increase the pu-
nishment of those committed to their care, nor shall
they torture them ; but all severity being avoided,
and all mercy being exercised, they shall duly exe-
cute their sentences. Lord Coke says, all the said an-
cient authors are against any pain or torture being
inflicted upon a prisoner before attainder; nor after
the attainder, but according to the judgment.
Taking along with us the principle which has here
been stated, we must next consider particularly the
treatment which a prisoner should receive ; and the
equitable principle seems to he, that he shoiild suffer
no damage either in mind or body, which is not found
in his sentence ; that his situation should not be worse
than it was before his commitment, with the single
exception of the loss of liberty. This can only be
done by general rules. You cannot exactly adapt his
treatment in prison to his preceding circumstances ;
but by the establishment of equitable and liberal re-'
gnlations you may guard against any violent infrac-
tion of justice ; and if you err at all it will be on the
side on which we should all wish w err—the side of
humanity.—( To be continued.)

Mr. WILLIAM MARTIN and the other parish oifi-
cers of Downham, near Ely, have come to a deter-
mination to furnish all such of their labourers as sup-
port themselves and .families without parochial re-
lief, with a good white hat. Upwards of fifty have
already applied for and received •his honourable
badge of distinction, and seem highly proud of it,
styling themselves " independent labourers." If si-
milar methods were generally adopted, they would
tend greatly to reclaim the labouring class from that
dependence on their parishes, which the recent dis-
tress drove them to.

eve lit,
deep s,
Yesterday a numerous and respectable Meeting of respet•
the friends of this Gentleman was held in the City of judge
London Tavern, for adopting measures to secure his aid
In
bcaeluszit
Wow; toAlPdaerrlmiarnanenGtoopat the next General Election. Etalekcention.the
Chair, shortly explained the object for which they on ever
were convened, and hoped that their efforts would their r'
be successful in returning Mr. Waithman to Paslia- office t
men; on account of the unwearied and admirable NN
ith
exertions he had made in behalf of the people—exer- dealer,
tions which had uniformly displayed the profoundest to be 1
wisdom, moderation, and integrity (hear, hear, hear!) the Li
The character of this Gentleman, his pre-eminent Princil
qualifications for the hgnour of representing the City 1:I! tin
were too well known to require any eulogium. give u
Mr. KIRBY (late Sheriff) would not occupy the not fit
time of the Meeting long with any observations of the pi
his ; but he felt it was impossible not to congratu- from
late the friends of rational Reform and of the Consti- His g
tution on the most respectable number who this day denim
assembled. He was proud to see in the Chair the a Met
worthy Alderman, who was venerated and esteemed Metric
by his fellow-citizens for having so long and faith- FnmPen
fully advocated their cause. Of Mr. Waithman's it slum)
abilities he would say nothing, persuaded as he was that,
that there was but one opinion among the indepen- to bre.
dent Livery on that subject; and he sincerely hoped had mi
that their efforts this day would be crowned with the Al
success. He then moved a series of Resolutions. object
Mr. OLDHAM seconded the Resolutions, observing
while
that he had on many occasions differed from Mr. tlo.-
Waithman, but was always persuaded that that re- 1—
' spectable Gentleman acted from the purest and best
of motives. His exertions in behalf of the City could
never be forgotten, particularly what he had dune
on the Mock Auctions, the Bankrupt Laws, and, above
lall, what reformation he had wrought in the School of
Christ's Hospital.--One solitary objection had been
made against Mr. Waithman's election. namely, that
he was a retail dealer—(hear, hear.) For his part,
that was the very reason why he should vote for his
being returned ; for could it be contended that the
great body of the citizens of London, the retail clea-
rers, ought not to have one of their own body for
their representative, when he would he best able to
guard their interests ? He hoped his exertions would
be duly regarded by his fellow-citizens, and that on
this occasion they would exercise their elective rights
in a manner honourable to themselves, and condu-
cive to the best interests of the City—(loud applause.)
Mr. Fassats. addressed the Meeting on the same
subject, and hoped the friends of the cause would re-
member that it was only by a long pull, a strong
pull, and a pull altogether, that they could succeed.
His worthy friend and the respectable Ch::sman had
dared to be firm in times of danger, when none ap-
peared in their support; but they had now the satis-
faction of seeing their great object accomplished.
Among the friends of Reform, no man knew better
when to proceed, and how far to proceed, than Mr.
Waithman did, and it was proper such characters
should be rewarded with the highest honours their
fellow-citizens could bestow, for violent measures
were at all times to be condemned—(app/auses.,
Mr. HUNT was astonished that it could be said,
before so large a body of his fellow citizens, that a
person had but one solitary objection against him,
when every man was liable to so many. The objec-
don as to his being a retail dealer was, in his opinion,
none, if the person had obtained the property he was
possessed of honestly—(hear.)—lt was also matter of
astonishment to him that Mr. Waithman, who had
ever been described in the public press as a most vio-
lent Reformer, should, on the present occasion, be
put forth as a Candidate for moderate Reform.—
Loud calls of Order, order.)-111s (Mr. Hunt's) cha-
racter was well known--(Loud laughter on all sides
of the room.)—Did not Mr. Waithman, on the occa-
sion of voting an Address to the Princess of Wales,
give a decided negative to the measure, and after-
wards go in a carnage to present the Address, and
gain his share of popular applause, as though be had
voted for it ? fie (Mr. Waithman) had been descri-
bed as exerting himself on all occasions to stem the
effect of public feeling ; but, on the occasion alluded
to, there was much noise, and horses taken from and
ropes put to the can iages, by which they were dragged
along ; was this stopping the dangerous effect of po-
pular feeling ? lie then alluded to the conduct of
Mr. Waithman at the last election for Lord Mayor,
to shew that he, Mr. Waithman, was an apostate
from the cause he pretended to espouse. He had
heard talk of tests, and he would put him (Mr. Waith-
man) to the test. lle would ask him how far he meant
to go in the cause of Reform ? Whether he was not
about to accept a situation under the Wihg Party ?
Whether he would or would not support the proper
Constitution, whether it was a violent or a milk and
water one ? There was one objection which he con-
sidered of importance, and that was—Mr.Vs-aithman
was a dealer in articles that were liable to an Excise
Duty—(Hisses, and cries of hear, I,ear.)—lf a man
was Exchequered for 30,0001. how, he would ask,
could he escape but by succumbing to the Ministers
(Mr. Hunt retired amidst the hisses of the throng.)
Mr. WILL Lams (the Common Councilman) said he
was happy this day to come forward in support of
Mr. Waithman, from whom he had repeatedly dif-
fered, but the purity of whose motives, the integrity,
perseverance, and firmness, with which he was ac-
'mated, he had always admired. The clergy of the
couassy, the merchants, the shipping interest, and
landholders, were all duly represented ; and it was
g"oltreltenoun:penetielrtle;
but fair that the trading interest of the City should
have the same advantage. There was one retail
dealer in the House already but he (alluding to Mr.
Butterworth) always voted with Ministers. Mr.
Waithman had advanced in the cause firmly—had in
the most gallant manner weathered the storm—and
it was the duty of his fellow-citizens to reward him.
He challenged his very enemies, if he had any, to
point out one solitary instance of his deviating from
his principles. He (Mr. Williams) remembered de-
ttecoldtnii•La—tii,eAf gho. insgir,ovlewr
ohuisldfehnaclees,
had it
not- beenu e
st
o case—furless f)wo for
Thet tchh a toc
vocet
nurEri
their
ye
Englishmen
irswh rightsamt
wouldce
nh -
require
.oegar
euni of your's r
(w a faithful!ls the
gratitude
t iatwere
m utLibertyhfdoen
forward
wfuoaalrri sad
tnl
hiailomenp el,
)dluaestssttl hopeless—roai
loud
(di /d:or
ncitti•eit)
e i
rr-
n:mv s e Srt e. 0
wßesolutionsthem-
selves--theAeexpressTc anum sehAtsN°
nor in which his friends had conic forward to advo.

MR. WAITIIMAX.

Long

the q
cess

Distri,
after

ate his cause, and fah it (Inca]: to 4,-1, .
Oar/rep •;en,:c he had of thei: a it......La rcaara,7a.a lan Oar/
epeat to a test of las princi,iilee ae left a-, others en;
adge from his conduct lac tra lay; over.: r.. peortio
-thithienygphmaleeladsduehrrbr:he
i.iisr7:i..erf,A.:l77d(r.-1.1:.......
lid he believed he might tar ilt: mar. a. ~.1... "I'• beena
aluniniated than he had bet::;. tiaaula • • ' tanners, I
e successful in returning him, tie- •• • mcnt-mai
counts on
ifEleiecrev
rights,ert
•. tad gradt
yithe
m oimoment
andexertionen
tNbeS
Was imps;
Vith respect to the objection of lia la .I. a ;* a half inc.
lealer, that only required to he rne..-tic-rs:. ... '.: 1" cc nsumpti
obe laughed at. lair himself, he cotia a•-• • ter of ma
out of the
he Livery found a person moresconverea::: ::.':
...-• r.arnbee o
winciples of the Constitution, and better aaaa'
ale stated,
to their representative, he would mast (--;e4 pied woe
aye up any claims; but he was persuaded!: -•;.. I
declined s
tot find worse, take who they chose, tha.„ ..* .
at creased vf
he present representatives, whoo: ins..la a ..
'rum the hustings he had often i.eard •,,a... - 1 ways do
• , ,e decre
Kis great object was to shew the world t' ...I,a- ' front
lermannic gown was no append:las to the a. ,: ; or ales, whi
i Member of Parliament ; but that eaea a (a.a..1: ; e quanti
Wernher of the City Council was as Iw°- fr..- '
the raw m
•ompete for this honour as the Alderni a 7., -
OZ it taus
t should be his highest glory and pride a 111.7 •
. itself had
liar, should he succeed, he had been tl:e ay ... any consia
.o break the line, and to shew society la is earatively
tad men at least equal in talent to thust ..s t. ~ , pezition wt
:he Aldermen's Bench. Nothing this 2,i :a_a, •
abject but firm and determined asearaat roduced.ca a tising fro
while he gratefully acknowledge.:taa ae1,.....•; ; A of the
:his day had done him, he implored •.!...r.'m not . ...
1 le was av
lax, but, on the contrary, daabie tate 'eta, • vaeced
(Long and loud applauses). With res-rcc:•... -s. 'l% ia fact
.. the question was of little moment, f.: it ea • ay of Lea
cess of the cause lie had at heart. re seßin
A Resolution VMS then metes: tc ea raar:.; he trade z
District Committees in furtherance of the caisc, a: •ia not ex,
after thanks, &c. the meeting aaaaaraea. to tax obi
2.....
PARLIAMENTARY PROCELEI:;:.: , .eerned a
-- .-rion c
HOUSE OF LORDS, )! klir..•;! lt. Les!, SW
Mr. HIGHLM presented Accounts fens :he C.-ae- ..•, • tard, if
for the Reduction of the National Debt, which wet., ..i.e., • • nufactu
he upon the table. 1.000 pet
Tee Scots Aqua Vita Licenses DM, some It:-' -d' ... ' loyment I
Bills, were brought up from the House cf ur,:.:- -.• •!..
Baoeaan, Colonel DALILYIKPLZ, 111. Pirr, ar..l et.L., ;,-.,, uence of
and read a first time. :stained i
Lord HOLLAND presented a Petiticr, :...13.. ;•. T- :.,
..e Miiiioi
Yorkshire, complaining of the pretr-re of the P...s:': L.-- 'old aces
Ordered to lie upon the table.
The Royal Marine Mutiny Bill, and the E.r.i TAr.,• orary adv
natty Suspension Bill, were read a second time, ..:..! ce— • rmanent
fur to-morrow. 'deed, sea
Lee's Divorce Bill was read a third time and pass??.. •ingerecl ti
The Mutiny Bill, the Mutiny Act Mistake Ruh ts-e 7..!.2.7
Duties Bill, the West India Indemnity Bill, ard t'it li.:::._:_:. nt trade 1
Hospital Bill, paced through Committees, aid y.erer:- -.: ,ar nation:
On the motion of the Earl of LA b' MAID A I. 1:, '.',.. . i •ii:y of ca
were ordered of the Weekly Sums laid out in the p.- : cold nevi
Stock by the Commissioners for the Reduction of the Seas -.mill es
Debt.
The Earl of LAUDERDALE present( d the kr.ii...":,:- ', etionabile
Petition, complaining of the High Price of Tune:, a ,:...... 's
Honour
mated his intention of moving, after the recess, that :t '.., 7.. t of the
ferred to a Committee —The Petition was ordtriC i.:.-
-••-. iy snbstin
the table.--Adjourned till tomorrow (this day).
HOUSE OF COMMONS. .. Miaister
Petitions against the Leather Tax were presented f 7.7.: t t best su
Tanners and Leather Dealers of the following plees•—lit. . uction e
sham, Barton on Humber, Hereford, Bromyird, N•rt,...., . Its as it
Walsall, Kingston on Ifull, the County of Earn, AS-....J•.7!',
Skipton, and Seaford, Southampton, Presets, Ihltelv, D..1:-:-.1 'ncluded s
City, Boston, Grantham, Stourbridge, and ot'....:es • . the repe
Mr. D. CALVERT, in presenting a similar Pets n f.-1 The CIL
this Tanners in the Borough of Southwark, said, :Las!. ..I t if the r
have dwelt at large on it, but for the motion which ts... se •
trament c
made on the subject. He could state generally, that:a....
tional Tax had reduced the trade to a state of the uf.2„.. • , posed to
tree, and he hoped the Chancellor of the Exc_ticer ....1 ption.
consent to repeal it before he was compelled to da s.. ,ion, bet
Mr. C. BARCLAY presented a similar Petitioa f:.r. It
favour of
Morocco Leather Dressers of the Borough.
The Report of the Bath Gas Light Bill wai. ars., ! :•. -.! the truth
a short conversation between Messrs. Fu.ase, Ca L., ;:., :• . 'Me Lord
Pantry., and Bessoe. ,Tutee dc
Captain WAI.DEGnAvE, hi the absence cf "S 7:- -; :.a
the i
presented a Petition from Newcastle upat. Ty:... :4: 1',71--:-..
rat (ontai
tart' Reform
Mr. Alderman WOOD presented a Petition from !-:. •er circul
signed by a large number of Inhabitants, prayir.g rt F. 5... . those
mentary Reform and the Impeachment of the h!:.!:i.:,:t -) com'
Mr. M.tDOCKS presented a Petition from Bette-,7,7',
thee Ta
ing the Poor Laws.
Sir ROBERT HERON said he had Petitions te v.: in and
from Swinehead and Kirton, which bore the names c:' .• trade '
that in population exceeded a gre-t number ..f tow: I. • • allegari
titions were against the Indemnity Bill. It !ad b.. • --,
some time ago that emissaries of sedition had heel, vc- . ' s 1:e3.1'
Lincoln. It had lately happened to him to riot mi..: :• • ! ' ve, a 5
that county and to have communication wall ~:-.-. -: ' The i
part—but it was utterly impossible to discover any ::•: -. , • f that
effects of such emissaries. The county of Lincoln was :7 ~ •
ced, I
loyal, and the assertion respecting the emissaries ore: -,,
far from Wog credited, had been received with ails; .a., - 'as gr,
ment and indignation. vation,
Mr. IIADOCKS said he was requested be:... r : "- er Tr
to support the prayer of that Petition ; and Le ........ :••0' ch of ,
against the Indemnity Bill as a rneas..re 'such: 14.2."::"- '4
and uncalled fur. mons
LEATHER TAX, .1 whicl
Lord ALTIIORP rose to bring for-sar.: :- ‘ la: dof Of
mised motion upon this subject. The ci.;- .•:. -• ed lea
said, for the House to consider on this ,:ca• :•. " • njureci
whether the Leather Trade had bat:. ate-...:..!. epeal o
through the operation of the additicaa: tat .....a.:: the rei
upon it in 181t2, and whether the produce cf tile:: *oble L
venue resulting from that tax was such a, 5...;1 produc
render it expedient to cotitinue the Tax, cc a.: -a- Gentle
judice of an important branch of ear saa .e .......; 11. in
facture. That the trade had been dcp:aaa ••a• • . owing I
thought, naturally to be inferred from a. vaa'': 61,00(
circumstances. All the Petitions on tilt f....., -a ' it was
that depression, and ascribed it to tee Tai. aaa hal not
repeal of which, therefore, the Pet"taacrs r:.. r.e lea
might be said, he was aware, that l'a::..::s ...• .0 (lout
. any Tax furnished no evidence of the ii....a....a. •• .I". . traord
• ''' ''
policy of that Tax, as persons affected av a i 4 war ;.
.
. naturally ready to complain of its pressure. r-- trse ag
s
, when did it occur that so many Pctitaea •••••aa a : ic the
I seated against any Tax as were at presaa a'. . ies wh
I table, and which amounted to nearly cat 7.:•:•*7 place
• If all other manufactories were deereseal a- ''.l.- .ss imp
t that of leather, it might be maintained aa: ...--:a.. .••ed, o
o- i at had
I ther manufacturers had no more right to L. I' •a.
sine'
,
• than others ; but the tact was, that eve; v t':..'''...•-•
r was in an improving state, while that of .e ....•• - , tiOn o
t declined, and was still declining. lite Jos.'"... '. ' the fi
- the trade was indeed evident, tram ti.: n. . al-a! next
e bankruptcies which had taken place of ,•••• 7,',''.
edaut
t For five years previous to the imposition tat :•• . -.1.
catste
- complained of, the bankruptcies in ties. '--.s „
()tracer
amounted to 45, whereas for the five air: a:: .....,
o_ i
imposition they amounted to 75. .Then as to La 1a.:4 : .
of ti
-to tanners they had fallen off neatly '2O) since, • , t!
.n s
sl itni
- year before the Tax was imposed. the licenc,s,
at.d
1812 being 1766. while in the year caaila at Jai. ! 4
. - -
maisaleas-: