The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1839-12-10 00:00:00

REPORT ON EMIGRATION.

The report just published shows a remarkable change in
the direction and magnitude of the stream of emigration.
Emigrants who left the British Isles in 1838 for—
Canada,
Nova Sco- United The Australian
tia, &c. States. Cape. Colonies. Total.
. 1572 12566 292 9746 24176
. 721 597 .. 3215 453.3
. 2284 1169 .. 1060 4513

From
England.
Scotland
Ireland..

4577 14332 292 14021 33222
We, may compare with this the average annual emigration
to the same countries in the preceding six years, from 1832
to 1837 :
England.
Scotland
Ireland

8830 26849 318 2808 38803
4586 1977 7 342 6912
22399 3893 .. 294 26586

35815 32719 325 3444 72303
Thus it appears that the whole number of emigrants in
1838 was less than one-half of the average number for the
six preceding years. The number wlio went to the United
States was less than half; and to Canada and Nova Scotia
it was only an eighth part. On the other hand, the number
going to Australia increased from 3,444 to 14,021—that is,
more than four-fold.

The chief cause of the diminished emigration to Canada
and Nova Scotia, in 1838, was unquestionably the disturbed
state of the former; and, as the troubles in Canada
threatened to produce a rupture between Britain and the
United States, the falling-off in the emigration to the latter,
no doubt, had its origin in the same circumstances.
It will be observed, that, in the seven years ending 1837,
the Irish emigrants compose ne?rly two-thirds of all those
going to Canada, and that six tunes as many go to Canada
as the United States. Of the English emigrants, on the
.other hand, three times as many go to the United States as
to Canada. The Cause of the difference probably is, that
the Irish emigrants, being comparatively poor, are attracted
to Canada by the cheap laud so easily obtained there ;
Arnnnrtinp of the Ennlißh einir,rants
are traders and mechanics, the one class seeking employ-
ment for their capital, and the other for their skill, both of
whom find the United States the more eligible field for their
exertions. The Scotch "-emigrants hold an intermediate
place between the English and the Irish ; they show a
greater predilection for Canada than the former, and for
the United States than the latter. It must be kept in mind,
however, that the classification is far from being correct,
as many Irishmen sail from Liverpool, and many emigrants,
whose real destination is Canada, are landed at New York.
Taking the tables as they stand, if we compare the
emigration of last year to Australia with the respective
populations of the three kingdoms, we find that Scotland
sent twice as many emigrants to Australia as England, and
nine times as many as Ireland. The fact of 14,000 persons
leaving the British Isles in one year, and sailing half round
the globe to seek a new home, is highly illustrative of the
extraordinary powers of- locomotion which the accumulated
capital and advanced civilization of modern times afford.
A voyage of three or four weeks to America is a trifle
compared with one of five months to Sydney.
The emigrants to Australia last year were distributed as
follows :

Swan River.
SOuth Australia
Van Dientan's Land
Port Philip
Sydney.

10,189

14,021
Of the 10,189 who went to Sydney, 6,463 were labourers
sent by government with their families —namely, 3,723 adult
males and females, and 2,740 children under 14 years of
age.

-The number of emigrants who arrived in New South
Wales in the five years ending with 183 G, was 9,300, or an
average of 1,860 per annum. Of these about one-fifth were
children, and the rest males and females in pretty equal pro-
portions. This is exclusive of convicts, of whom about 3,500
are sent out yearly.
In the six months ending 30th June, 1839, the number of
emigrants and their destinations were as follows :
Canada, United The Australian
&c. States. Cape. Colonies. Total.
England lB3O 19695 162 5178 26865
Scotland
Irelpnd .

9607 22451 162 6261 38481
In the half-year ending June last, the number of emi—
grants was greater than in the whole of 1838. As the spring
and summer, however, are the favourable seasons fur pro-
ceeding to Canada and the United States, we must not con—
clude that the emigration in the second half of the current
year will be equal to that in the first.
The emigration to Canada reached its maximum in 1831
and 1832. In the former it was 49,783, and in the latter
51,185, from the British Isles, exclusive of 400 or 500 from
Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, &c. In 18.33 it was only
21,752 ' • in 1834 it rose to 30,935 ; in 1835 it fell to 12,527;
in 1836 it rose to 27,728 ; in 1837 it was 21,901 ; and in
1838 it sunk to 3,266. These are the numbers that arrived
at Quebec, exclusive of a few who went to New Brunswick
or Nova Scotia.

The number of British emigrants who landed at New
York, in the nine years ending 1837, varied from 11,300 to
59,000, and averaged 26,000. In the year 1836 it was
59,075. If we add fo this, 27,728 who went to Canada,
1,621 free settlers, and 3,823 convicts who went to New
South Wales, and probably 3,000 to other parts of New
Holland and the Cape, it follows that no less than 95,000
persons emigrated in that one year.
Port Philip is apparently one of the most prosperous of
the new settlements, though the public have hoard very
little of it. It is at the south extremity of New Holland,
300 miles south-west from the nearest settlements of New
South Wales, and GOO miles south-east from Adelaide, in
South Australia. Melbourne, the chief town, is in south
latitude 38 degrees, and stands on a magnificent bay, mea-
suring 90 miles each way, and land locked on all sides. A
despatch of Sir George Gipps, dated October, 1838, informs
us that it had then more than 3000 inhabitants. The lots of
land sold in 1837 and 1838 were 320, embracing 39,880
acres,, or 62 square miles, and yielding £42,478.
Sir George Gipps says that the demandfor labour in New
South Wales cannot be supplied by the importation of less
than 3000 labourers per annum. Adding an equal number
of females, and the usual proportion of children, he estimates
the necessary immigration at 12,500 persons per annum, and
the cost of taking them out at £250,000. It is proposed to
apply the land fund to this object, either directly or as se-
curity for a loan. —Seaman.

REPRESENTATION OF LEEDS.—The report that Mr.
Baines intends to retire at the close of the present parliament,
is again circulated by his friends, with assurances that it may
be relied upon. We are sceptical on the subject. But we
have seen a letter from London, whioh states positively that
Mr. Morrison (well known as a large buyer in the Leeds
market,) intends to canvass the electors on the strength of
his presumed commercial influence. The Leeds Whigs intend
to give Molesworth a cant over,—if the radicals will let them.
Mr. Morrison, however, though a tolerable man of business,
is a sorry politician, and cannot utter ten connected sentences
before a public assembly.—Leeds Intelligencer.

- ,
A rumour has been current within the last few days, and
met with general belief, that upon the expulsion of the So-
licitor-General from his seat in Newark at the ensuing Elec-
tion, Sir Robert Heron will vacate his scat for Peterborough,
to make room for the Learned Gentleman. This arrange-
ment was finally confirmed by Lord Fitzwilliam himself, the
Radical patron for that Borough, at a long interview he had
with Sir Robert and the Solicitor-General, at the bead-quar-
ters of the latter, in Newark, on Saturday last, as his Lord-
ship passed through that place from the North. The Soli-
citor-General's expulsion from his seat for Newark is inevi-
table, as admitted by his own friends ? we, therefore, advise
the Electors of Peterborough to be wide awake lest their
Borough be made the refuge for the destitute.—Correspon-
dent of Newark Times.

VESSELS ENTERED FOR LOADING.

(SINCE OUR LAST PUBLICATION.)

EAST INDIES, CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, 4.c.
Wm. Turner, J Moats, 489 Bombay, Hughes, Cowie &Co
171300 GBoormeebakiyt;(l SenegCalli,°lricalttkaBßorns
Majestic, J Bissett.
Antoinette, S Rogetti
WEST INDIES AND MADEIRA.
--- -

Capricorn, J M'Millan, 213 Kingston, Jamaica, and Sts Martha,
lmrie & Tomlinson
Imrie & Tomlinson

Albion, W S Dooley, 146 Trinidad,
SOUTH AMERICA.
Mary, G Williamson, 2lO Rio Janeiro, Ashley Brothers
Robert Syers, R Long, 311 Laguira and Puerto Cabello,
W Rose & Co
Francis Barclay, F Bartlett, 240 Lima, Cotesworth & Wynne
Pakenham, —Lloyd, 274 Pernambuco, M'Calmont Brs & Co
Bridget Archibald, R Seller, 172 Rio Grande, Cotesworth & Wynne
Ranger, A Brown, 304 Pernambuco, R Tanton
UNITED STATES.
Diadem, Leslie, 376 New Orleans, G Brown & Harrison
Orozhnbo, D Marcey, 496 New Orleans, Hughes, Cowie & Co
Henry Ilood, A M'Firran, 309 New York, G Brown & Harrison
Ingleby & Co
Eli Elizabeth,
a Montezuma,beth,u beagle;— Chrivs t iRa iii s 7
io
In
s,
H 48052
ANP pia.;
oßie
ill,
icdh
lAi
aa
i,
id.
and Brazils,
Harrison, Ridley & Co

EUROPE.

Boiina, P Currel,
Fortuna, FThas,
Mercer, R Mercer,
Port Reval, .1 S

Jersey, J Glynn & Son
Rotterdam and Dordt, Bahr & Co
13areelona, Bahr, Uehrend & Co
Elsinore and St. Petersburg,

..,.
C G Weber & Co
Anne, E Seager, 179 Gibraltar and Malta, G Yates, Louthean & Co
Lavinia, J Leak, 121 Rochefort, H Smith & Co
Elise, G Ileidt, 172 Trieste, C G Weber & Co
Charles Carter, J S Broad, 175 Constantinople. M& A Wilkin
Pauline, J Schrictiberg, 233 Ostend, C G Weber & Co
Guglielmo, S Miccali, io Palermo and Messina, J Moss & Co

LATEST DATES AT LIVERPOOL.