The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1839-01-08 00:00:00

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

The communications of "W.:11." and " 5.W.8." arrived
too late fur our present publication. They shall have our
best attention; but we are afraid that the latter is too
long.

Several other contributions are postponed for want of space.

In consequence of the late Post-office regulations, the
LIVERPOOL STANDARD is now dispatched by the
Mail which leaves at half past Two o'clock in the
morning for London, Birnzingham, Manchester, 4.c.
This arrangement renders it necessary that Adver-
tisements should be sent to the Office before Eight
o'clock on Monday and Thursday evenings.

Zbe Eiberpool ,f,tanbarb.

TUESDAY MORNING, JAN. 8, 1839.

CANADA.—By the packet-ship Oxford, which ar-

lived here on Sunday, we have received intelligence
from New York to the 19th ult., and a copy of the
Hamilton Gazette to the 10,h ult. From the latter
we can collect no later intelligence than that which
we have already published. Tlie New York papers
furnish us with some additional news. The last in-
vading expedition to Canada has met with the same
fate as all the former attempts of the same kind. The
Canadian militia was chiefly instrumental in repelling
the attack in the neighbourhood of Detroit. The In-
dians had also taken a number of prisoners, whom
they had captured in the woods. General Brady is
described as having been actively employed in making
arrests of such of the invaders as found their way back
to the American shore. General Theller (as he has
been dubbed by the rebels) was captured on the sth
ultimo, and placed in confinement. The charge brought
against him was, that he had fomented an insurrec-
tionaty movement against the authority of the British
crown. He will be tried, with several others, by
Judge Wilkins, at the next sitting of the United
States District Court. Bill Johnson has been once
more captured. Abbey and George, the former a
colonel, and the latter a paymaster in the rebel forces,
were executed, in pursuance of their sentence, at
Kingston, on the 14th ult. Twelve others have been
found guilty, and seven have pleaded guilty. No hopes
of pardon were held out to them. Von Shoultz, who
was executed at Kingston on the Bth, is said to have
expressed himself in the following terms, in a letter
to a friend in New York—" Let no further blood be
shed. Believe me, from what I have seen, that all
the stories that were told about the sufferings of the
Canadian people were untrue."

MEXICO.—The news brought by the Oxford respect-
ing the affairs of Mexico is of first-rate importance.
We subjoin the news of the capitulation of the fort of
San Juan de Ulboa, which is situated at the entrance
to the harbour of Vera Cruz :

BOMBARDMENT AND CAPITULATION OF THE
CASTLE OF ST. JUAN DE ULLOA.

(From the New York Courier and Enquirer, cf
.Dec.l7.).

. _
The New Orleans papers, received yesterday, bring us the
important news, that the Castle of St. Juan de Ulloa, which
commands the entrance of the port of Vera Cruz, had been
captured by the French squadron. The details of this event
will be found in the extracts we give below. We do not see

—if the Mexican Government remains firm, of which, by the
by, we entertain strong doubts—that this success will neces-
sarily bring about an immediate termination of the difficul-
ties between France and Mexico. The French squadron is,
evidently, not.provided with sufficient troops to make any
impression on the interior of the country, and. unless this
takc tile possession or the castle will prove but a bar-
ren conquest.
There is a statement in the following extracts which we
cannot give without remark. It is this: that the Mexican
Government acceded to all the demands of France, before
the attack on the castle, save that of allowing Frenchmen
to carry on a retail trade in the Mexican Republic. This is
clearly a question of domestic policy, with which no foreign
nation has a right to interfere. Tu us, as Americans, how-
ever, this is a secondary consideration; but, we ask, ought
we to allow ourselves to be interdicted from trading with
Mexico because she refuses to permit Frenchmen to carry
on a retail trade in her territories?

(From the New Orleans Commercial Bulletin, of Dec. 2.)

IMPORTANT Fttotti MEXICO. VERA CRUZ TAKEN.
By the French steam-ship Meteor, which arrived last night,
in sixty hours from Vera Cruz, intelligence is received that
the Castle of San Juan de Ulloa, was taken by the French
fleet, after a bombardment of three hours, with the loss of
only four men by the blockading squadron, while from four
to five hupdred. Mexicans were killed. In the same ship
came a messenzer, who was hurried on to Washington; being
the bearer of important dispatches. From the Courier we
take the following, particulars of the bombardment:—
On the 27th of November, the French Admiral, Bandit),
sent word to the Mexican General, Rincon, that he was
about to attack the Castle of San Juan de Ulloa. About

two o'clock the same day, three French frigates, a sloop-of-
war, and two bomb-ketches moored between the reef, within
gunshot of the castle; and so well directed where their bombs
and heavy artillery, that in less than four hours they had
silenced the fire of 160 pieces of Mexican artillery, demo-
lished all the outworks, including the famous redoubt called,
El Caballero, and killed and wounded 600 men of the Mexi-
can garrison.

About six o'clock in the afternoon of the 27th, the Mexi-
can commander in the castle hung out a signal for the cessa-
;ion of hostilities, and begged to be allowed time to withdraw
his wounded men from the ruins of the fortifications. Ad-
miral Baudin replied, that he could consent to no truce, but
would allow the -Mexicans to retire from the fort, if they capi-
tulated. To this the Mexican General agreed, and withdrew
his troops from the castle, which was immediately occupied
by the French soldiers and marines.
The Mexican army, near Vera Cruz, was 5,000 strong►, but
their officers did not consider themselves able to hold the
town, commanded, as it was, by the guns of the castle, until
the French Admiral consented that 1.00) of the Mexican
troops should remain in the city to preserve order.
It was believed that negotiations had been commenced
between the Mexican Government and the French Admiral
for the re-establishment of peace, but some time may eapse
before the result is known.
The French Admiral, it was thought, would no longer hin-
der the vessels of all nations from trading to Vera Cruz.
We have here given all the particulars which have reached
us. Of the ulterior designs of either the French or Mexi-
cans we are ignorant.
At a late hour last night we were put in possession of
the following highly interesting particulars of the attack
and capture of the castle of Sail Juan de 011oa, for which,
we were all indebted to the polite attention of an officer of
the U.S. Revenue Cuter Woodbury :
"U.S. Revenue Cutter Woodbury, December 7,1&38.
" Having been an eye-witness of the engagement between
the castle of St. Juan de Ulloa and the French blockading
squadron under the command of Rear Admiral C. Baudin,
at Vera Cruz, I have penned the following account of the
same, and which I have directed to you, for whatever purpose
you may think proper to snake of it. The 27th day of Nov.,
wal fixed upon as the final issue of the message to the Mexi-
can Government from the French Admiral. According to
reports, in the morning a courier had arrived, bringing their
answer, which was, War to the blade, and front the blade
to the hilt.' During the morning the French squadron pro-
' ceeded, with three double-banked frigates, four sloops of war,
as many brigs and bomb-vessels, and took their position
abreast of the castle, without any interruption, at about one
mile distant; the weather being very fine, and perfeCtly
calm.

"At half-past two, p.m , the bombardment from the French
fleet commenced; at that instant the Mexican colours were
hoisted on the castle, and the fire promptly returned.
" The fire was continned, by both sides, without cessation,
till between the hours of four and five, p.m., when, the bombs
from the French fleet having taken effect, two severe explo.
sions took place in the castle, which, for sonic time, com-
pletely enveloped it in smoke. Upon clearing away, we per-
ceived, that the observatory, which was situated on the high-
est battery, from which the warmest tire was kept up, was
entirely demolished. The other explosion took place in the
low battery, burying in their ruins upwards of 200 men, and
dismounting upwards of 170 pieces of artillery, according to
the accounts I received from town. The thing from both
sides continued until eight o'clock, at which time that from
the castle ceased.

" The next morning, by a despatch from town, we were in-
formed, that the loss in the castle was 400 men killed and
wounded, among whom were a) Officers, the second in com-
mand of the castle, Col. Cele, of the battalion Aldama,
being among the number killed.
" From the Frent h squadron, no authentic information has
been received of their loss; yet, you may form an opinion,
when I assure you, that the frigate Ephiginie alone received
upwards of 100 round shot, according to the report of an
officer of the U. S. sloop of war Erle, who visited the French
Admiral on the morning after the action. During the night
a flag ,vas sent from the castle to the French Admiral, de-
manding a cessation of hostilities, for the purpose of extri-
cating the bodies of those killed and wounded from the ruins
caused by the explosion. The saute morning, between the
hours of ten and twelve, a number of boats left the squadron.
and proceeded to the castle. The Ft ench having possession
of the castle, the town must either capitulate or be destroyed ;
nevertheless, it is well fortified in all its passages, every
street being barricadoed. The troops are numerous, and ap-
pear to be in gout spirits.
" An officer, of a French vessel of war, informed us, that
the Castle had capitulated, and that, at twelve o'clock, the
French flag would be hoisted, which was accordingly done,
at two o'clock, under a general salute from the whole squa-
dron, consisting of 27 vessels, of all classes, including two
steam-ships.
The capitulation says that the French are to remain in
possession of the castle: the Mexican authorities retain full
pip:session of the city, exercising their functions as before;
1000 troops only to remain; the balance to go into the inte-
rior.

I was given to understand that the French admiral had
issued circulars to all the consuls, opening the port to all
flags. . •

" The interior of the Castle, and almost all the lower bat-
teries, are destroyed by the explosion and the effect of the
bombs. The bursting of a single bomb of 821 b, destroyed
the Observatory, as before mentioned, burying a number of
troops in its ruins.
_ _

" The Prince de Joinville, in command of the sloop of war
Creole, behaved in a most gallant manner, which came under
my immediate observation, as I was within pistol-shot of the
French fleet when the bombardment commenced.
" Thus has this celebrated castle, heretofore deemed im-
pregnable, yielded to a petty force, after five and a half hours'
bombardment. The number of shot fired from the French
squadron is said to be upwards of 5000, and from the Castle
about 1700.

"I am unable to give any further details, as we sailed the
same afternoon, at four o'clock, from this place."
TERMS OF THE CAPITULATION.
[TRANSI.ATION.I
Treaty between his Excellency Vice-Admiral Charles
Baudin and his Excellency General Don Manuel Rincon.

Article Ist. The city of Vera Cruz will retain but a garri-
son of one thousand men: all above that number will leave
within two days, and not approach within ten leagues. Gen.
ltincon will retain his authority in the city and binds himself,
i❑ honour, that the garrison will not exceed the limited num-
ber of one thOusand men, until the differences between France
and Mexico have been completely adjusted.
2d. As soon as the present treaty is signed by both parties,
the port of Vera Cruz will be open to all flags, and the block-
ade will be suspended for. eight months, expecting that an
amicable arrangement will take place between France and
Mexico.

3d. The Commander of the city of Vera Cruz will strictly
observe that no difficulty is placed in the wav of the French
troops occupying the Fort of St. Juan de Alloa, providing
themselves with fresh provisions from that city.
4. Vice-Admiral Baudin binds himself to cause the evacu-
ation of the Fort St. Juan de Ulloa by the French troops,
and return it to the Government of the Republic, together
with the utensils of war received with their corresponding
inventories, as soon as the actual differences with France are
settled.

sth. The French citizens who, in consequence of hostilities,
had been obliged to leave Vera Cruz, will have full liberty
to return there: their persons and property shall be respected,
and any damage their property may have sustained during
their absence shall be repaired by a competent indemnifica-
tion on the part of the population and the Mexican authori-
ties. The indemnities due the French citizens wilt be ar-
ranged according to the decisions of the tribunals of the Re-
public.

• The present treaty is made by duplicate, one in French,
for Admiral Baudin, the other in Spanish, for General Don
Manuel Rincon ; and, after having been read by the con-
tracting parties, was signed on board his Majesty's frigate
Nereide.

(Signed)

C. BAUDIN.
M. RINCON.

Vera Cruz, Nov. 28, 1838.
(From the New Orleans Bee. of Dec. 8.)
FURTH UR PARTICULARS.

We are indebted to the captain of the Meteor for the fol-
lowing ample and highly interesting details respecting the
expedition, and the attack upon the fortress of San Juan de
Ulloa.

After the arrival of Admiral Baudin off the coast of Mexico,
Mr. Leroy, one of the commanders, was despatched to the
City of Mexico: to make known to the Government the ul-
timatum of France. A few days after he returned, without
bringing any satisfactory reply. .The next morning a letter
was received, in which M. Baudin was requested to repair to
Jalapa, in order to treat with the envoys of the Government,
and to send away part of his forces, that Mexico might not
appear to be compelled to yield to violence. The admiral
assented to the first conditions, but refused positively to lis-
ten to the second. lie, therefore, took his departure, and
was saluted with a salvo of nineteen guns on his entrance
into Vera Cruz.

On his return he stated, that the envoys had accepted all
the conditions imposed by France, with a single exception,
viz., that by virtue of which Mexico was to authorize sales by
retail to be made by the French; and that the envoys had
wished to consult the Government respecting this point. M.
Baudin added, that he had granted them a few days more,
but as, at the expiration of that period, the replies still con-
tinued unsatisfactory, hostilities would immediately com-
mence.

We are told, that the English consul had requested Admi-
ral Baudin to spare his house, if he attacked the city. The
admiral promised to observe his request. By a curious fa-
tality, the only bomb that reached the town, fell and explo-
ded near the dwelling of this functionary, carrying away a por-
tion of the roof.

The French squadron now consists of 23.
The consignee of a Mexican vessel, which arrived at New
Orleans on the 6th inst., from Campeachv, has communica-
ted to the editor of the Courier the following items of Mexi-
can news:

"Gen. Piedras, with 300 Mexican troops, bad re-taken the
fort which commands the bar at Tampico. Gen. Cos was in
Puebla Viego, with 800 men.—Gen. Canoliis was in Almiras,
at the head of 1,300 Mexican soldiers. It was thought that
all the troops in the interior, who had pronounced for the Fe-
deral system, would give up, and join the Government patty.
A great scarcity of provisions existed at Tampico."

THE REVENUE.—The official statement of the re-
venue for the year and quarter ending the sth of Ja-
nuary has just been published. It shows an increase on
both periods. The increase on the year is £1,075,203,
and that on the quarter is £547,331.
The principal branches of the revenue—the customs,
excise and stamps—have contributed most materially
to this increase, that on the customs for the whole year
being £328,445, excise £69,776, and stamp duties
£180,774. The last quarter gives the large increase
of £331,110 in the customs, of £36,326 on the excise,
but shows a deficiency of £23,277 on the stamps. The
assessed taxes present a decrease of £22,930 on the
year, but have increased £7,661 on the last quarter.
The improvement in the Post-office on the year is
trifling, amounting only to £7,257, while the decrease
for the last quarter exceeds the whole year snore than
one-half. The crown lands, which formed no feature
in the revenue of 1838, have added this year the sum
of £170,000; and the miscellaneous taxes present an
increase of £16,011 on the year, and £6,166 on the
last quarter. The most prominent feature of increase
next to the customs, which it nearly equals, is that
included under the head of " Repayments, &c.,"
amounting to £325,870 for the whole year, and to
£160,345, for the last quarter.
The amount of Exchequer Bills required for the ser-
vice of the current quarter is estimated at £5,680,673.

The increase on the customs, as specified above, may
be very easily accounted for. The large amount of
corn on which duty has been paid must be considered
as the principal cause of the augmentation.

THE CORN LAWS.—The radical, or rather, we should
say the liberal press, has fairly taken up the question
of the abolition of the corn laws, and appeals are
being made day after day to the public on the subject.
Respecting the operation of these laws, we cannot do
better than lay before our readers the following ex-
tracts,—the former of which is taken from " The
Operative, and the latter from "Baker on the Corn

Laws:"—

"The corn laws is another subject upon which the
most monstrous delusions exist. Thousands of per-
sons imagine that by simply repealing the corn laws,
we should make bread cheap, pour new life into our
export trade—gain a monopoly of all the foreign mar-
kets—cause an indefinite demand for manufacturing
labour, and, as a consequence, be able to maintain a
high rate of wages in the manufacturing districts.
All this is their delusion. The authors of it never
tell us that before we can drive the foreign manufac-
turer out of the foreign .markets, we must first be able
to manufacture as cheap as he does. . But to do this
we must adopt his standard, or something like his
standard of wages. And what is that standard ? Hear
it, men of Yorkshire, and Lancashire, and Leicester,
and Nottinghamshire, and Derbyshire I—hear it, ve
toil-worn, care-worn citizens of the north I—hear it,
fri m the lips of Mr. R. Gregg, who was some time
since examined before a committee of the House of
Commons, on manufactures, commerce, and shipping.
According to Mr. R. Gregg, then, the standard of wa
ces in the cotton mills of the continent is as follows :
In France the average, per week, is ss. Bd. ; in Swit-
zerland, 4s. sd. ; in Austria, 45.; in the Tyrol, 3s. 9d.;
in Saxony, 3s. 6d. ; at Bonne, in Prussia, 25.6 d. " At
Naples," says Mr. G., " the spinners are paid 65.,
whilst ours get 215.; the rovers 2s. 2d., whilst ours
are paid 75." What say you to that, my friends !
there's cheap labour for you ! But you will ask, per-
haps, " what hours do they work in those outlandish
parts ?" Hear Mr. Gregg again on this part of the
subject. " The hours of work," says Mr. G., " are—
in the north of France, 72; in Alsace, 84; in Prussia,
from 72 to 90; in Switzerland, from 78 to 84; in Aus-
tria, from 72 to 80; in the Tyrol, 89; in Saxony, 72;
in Baden, 84; and rn the Rhenish provinces of Prus-
sia, sometimes as high as 94 1" There's Mammon at
work for you 1 You see, England is not the only
country in which the demon has established his em-
pire. Compare those hours of labour with the 48
hours allotted to the unemancipated negro slave ; just
Compare them, and think a little over the matter, and,
my life against a baubee ! you will discover why the
blacks were "emancipated,"—that is to say, released
from the ownership of cottage, garden, and poultry !
—released from the ownership of bedding, furniture,
and the like appurtenances so unnecessary and un-
suitable to the condition of working people I—in short,
released or set free from every decent comfort they
enjoyed before, and made to know the want of a cer-
tain dinner every day into the bargain. Talk of re-
pealing the corn laws, indeed!—without other accom-
panying measures to give the work people the benefit—
it is librulatig ! Were the corn laws to be repealed
now—that is to say, by the present parliament—and
without any other accompanying measures to make
the repeal operate in favour of labour, the manufac-
turers, and the men of fixed incomes, would reap the
entire advantage. Not a particle of it would you, the
producers, reap; and not a particle will you ever
reap, either from that or any other measure, unless
von are first armed with the elective franchise, so as
to be able to protect your own interests through your
representatives in parliament."
" From the year 1795 to 1815, the corn laws were
almost always inoperative; not entirely, but generally
for the whole of these twenty years our ports were
open for the admission of foreign grain. From this
you will naturally suppose that bread was much cheaper
then, than of late years, but what was the fact ? The
price of wheat on an average of the first ten years,
viz. from 1795 to 1805, was 81s. 2d., and from the lat-
ter year to 1815, it was 975. 6d. per qr. Now let us
compare these prices with the prices of wheat from
1823 to 1833, the period during which the present law,
so much abused, has been in force. During the first
five years the average price was 63s 21., and in the
last five 48s. 7d. Here then, the cheap bread anti-
. corn law advocates are at fault, for the facts just stated

prove most satisfactorily that the price of wheat during
he time the present corn Jaw has been in existence,

has, on an average, been 335. sd. per qr. cheaper than
during the twenty years from 1795 to 1815, when the
ports we►e almost always open for the admission of fo-
reign corn. It may, perhaps, be said by some that
this was a period of war. True, but that does not in

the slightest degree affect the question ; the question
under discussion is not whether we shall have peace or
war, but simply whether we shall provide ourselves
with food from our own soil, or be dependent on fo-
reign nations for a supply."