Star.
London, England, 1826-08-31 00:00:00

AROMATIC SPIRIT OF VINEGAR.

THIS agreeable perfumed liquor (the original in-
vention of Mr. Henry) which is of well-known efficacy in
relieving Painti.ess and Head-ache, and in counteracting the
effects of overheated, close, or infected air, continues to be pro.
pared, in the greatest perfection, by Messrs. TILOS, and WM
HENRY, Mossfaeturing Chemists, Manehostor. ie btsle*
London, wholesale and retail, by Messrs. Warsaw and Tkaw.l
Perfurner4 Cockspur.street ; and Itetail, price Its. 9d. by, unit
agent or more in every principal Town ; but it cannot he genuine,
unless the names of the above preparers are engraved sot the
Government stamp, which is fixed over the cork of each box.—
Proper Sponge Boxes are sold by Bayley and Blew,. as usual.
As above may also be had, authenticated by s similar stamps
tir.mat's Catclinns Macursta, in bottles at 2s. 9d. or with glass
stoppers at 4s. 6d.

MINUTES OF EVIDENCE BEFORE A SELECT
COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE OF COMMOMS, OK
EMIGRATION FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM.
(Continued from the Sia of Tuesday.)

R. J. WILMOT HORTON, rIKIVIRIto
111 1111 CHAIR.
Lieutenant Colonel COCK BU RN's Statement topologia.

The two parts of Lower Canada where there is the
largest portion of vacant lands to be granted in free and
common socc age, are the eastern townships and the left
bank of the Grand or Ottawa river. There can be no
doubt that either the one or the other will afford suffi-
cient means of locating a very large proportion of
emigrants, but my own opinion is decidedly in favour
of establishing the emigrants on the lands in the neigh-
bourhood of the Ottaway, in preference to sending them
to the eastern townships, for the following reasons:
The French Canadians are apprehensive (and I think
aot without some cause) that ere long there will be a
teareity of that description of vacant lands, the parti-
eolu tenure of which they consider best suited to their
habits, and•to which they have been invariably accus-
tomed; the increase of their population of course aff,rds
just grounds for the increase of this apprehension. The
distance and difficulty of communication horn the
eastern townships towards the river St. Lawrence is in
evidence before the Committee; but I think no questions
were asked as to the communications between the
townships and the United States, otherwise it would
also, I believe, have appeared that in such respect very
little, if any, difficulty exists. If, then, the comaionica •
lion from the townships to the States is good, and to the
St. Lawrence bad, it is surely evident that to the States
the attention of those who settle in the townships will
inevitably be directed. I have long regretted the en-
couragement which has of late been given to opening
communications from the United States towards the
south bank of the Sr. Lawrence; in the event of future
wars the impolicy of having so done will, I suspect, be
felt. The barrier which The Bush afforded was the
best which could be offs ed ; it can no longer be said to
exist. The best which can be offered in its place, is a,
dense population of French Canadians, who, from tie
entire difference not only in language and religion but
in every habit of lite, will I firmly believe never be
induced to mix or traffic with the Amelicans. Would
it not be well, then, to appropriate the waste lands in
that direction to an erension of seigneuries and a con-
tinuous chain of French Canadian settlements from the
St. Lawrence towards the States?
A better militia than that of Lower Canada does not
exist; a more tractable or well disposed people than the
lower orders of French Canadians I never saw.. The
front townships on the left bank of the Ottawa are,'
"I fear, already disposed of; and this is the more to
be lamented, as until arriving at Hull scarcely any
improvements have been made therein : were these
front townships vacant, they would on every ac-
count be as valuable as any lands in either province,
their short distance from Montrea', the 6ne navigable
river on which they are situated, the rich timber with
which they are covered, the fertility of the extensive
valleys lying in their rear, and the entire security of si-
tuation from American inroad or communication, all
enhance their value; in addition to which, a Canal is
now cutting by Government, in the township of G.en-
vine, to enable vessels to pass up and down, without
encountering the difficulties and dangers of the Long.
Salt rapids, and with a view to establishing a comma:
nication between Lower Canada and the Upper Province
distinct from the St. Lawrence. It is on these grounds
that I-shonld recommend the vacant lands nearest to
the Ottawa as more eligible for settlements than any
others above Quebec; many rivers and streams run
through them, and discharge into the Ottawa, which
in this pait of it is in no way inferior to the St. Law-
rence, with the great and powerful advantage of having
both its banks in your own possession. In proceeding
up the Ottawa rivet there is no fear of settlers being
allured over to the States; on placing them on lands in
its vicinity, there is a fair prospect of their retaining the
feelings and habits of the country they have left. Siould
thti idea of making a water communication from the
Ottawa to Kingston, in Upper Canada, by means of the
Rideau, be put in force, settlers so placed will be in the
immediate neighbourhood to assist in and be assisted by
so extensive an undertaking. It is true there is a want
of roads in this part of the country, but even in this re-
wect I am not aware of any place where opening com-
mooications wiil be attended with more lasting
.or in-
creasing advantages, or where less expenditure in this
way will be required. A reference to any map of the
Canada: will more fully explain to the Committee the
.itlyantiges of this situation. The agricultural success
and opiiiivns of a man of the name of Wright, who has

The relative advantages of the various but more di:-
tent situations in Upper Canada are too well known to
the Committee to require my entering into detail there.
on ; I shall therefore merely suggest, that on account of
nor principal naval depot for Lakes Erie and Huron
being now at Penetaugushine, I should recommend. us
the event of emigrants being sent as far as Yut k, that
settlements should be established between Lakes Simcoe
and Huron, in the vicinity of the Penetaugushine Road,
and extending towards the Notawasawga river. The Com-
mittee are s 3 fully aware of the nuis ince arising from
the clergy reserves, the hindrance to settlement, and the
enormous addition .1 ex, ense incurred in establishing
emigrants, owing to the want of roads and to the incon-
venience and injustice of persons holding large tracts
of land without in any way contributing to their im
provement, that it will be unnecessary to enlarge th-neoc.
I shall, therefoie, conclude this statement with such
remarks as I consider in like manner applicable to new
`aettlinuems in general. No time should be lost in di-
recting the officers adminlitering the governments in the
difFe. ant colniies tnsend home returns, ',putting out the
different townships th ithave been laid out, the years
they were surveyed, the *present state of their popula-
tion, the number of lots they contain, and distinguishing
as minutely as possible the number of lots granted and
the number still remaining vacant in each ; or if emi-
gration is really to be enauraged, I would suggest that
some person should proceed to the different c,lonies to
obtain still further and more particular information on
the spot, and to make the necessary arrangements, in
conjunction with the governors. The earlier commu-
nication could be had with the different counties in
England, Scetland, and Ireland, so as to acquire some
idea of the numbers wishing to go out, the better it
would be; and I have no doubt that • long notice of
transport, being required, would tend to the obtaining
it at a lower rate. The number of emigrants to be sent
out once fixed upon, arrangements should be made for
I their subsequent removal horn their present homes to
the place of emb .rkation. At this first stage of their
proceeding, the necessity of some positive limitation as
respects the quality and quantity of baggage must be
made. For the sake of ltowage, their packages should
be of equal and square siz?s, and the number of them
depend on the number of the family. This perhaps is
one of the most important regulations connected with
an extensive systenitif emigration; and if not duly en-
forced, the number of absurd and uselest articles for
which government will have to pay the transport, will
be beyond description. Their plate of disembarkation
must of course depend on the particular parts of the
different provinces to which they ate to be sent ; but
this also should be fixed on as soon as possible, so as to
afford early information thereon to see persons who
must be employed in arranging the means of transport
from the place of disembarkation to the place of settle-
ment. And here perhaps it may be proper to suggest,
that if there is any place in the provinces where emi-
grants are likely to be disembarked in numbers for a
continuance of years, it would be right to have some
public building appropriated to their use during the
time they remain, and an hospital, in which any of those
may be placed who from sickness or other casualties on
the voyage may be unable to proceed without such ar-
rangement. The disembarkation of a number of emi-
grants would be a tax and annoyance beyond descrip.
tion to the inhabitants of the place. Each settlement
should consist of four townships,. sad be under the di.
rection of a superintendent, who would reqiiire the
assistance of two clerks and two issuers. As the land in
,these four townships was taken up, the settling depart-
ment, as above, might remove to ether townships
Half-pay officers might perhaps be the best :old most
economical persons to fill the situations of superintend-
ents. It would, I think, be well that a central spot
should be fixed upon in each settlement, where the go-
vernment might in the first instance clear and fence a
space of about thirty acres, on which the storehouses
and superintendent's office might be built with greater
security from fire ; the extra ground to be planted with
potatoes, unions, and such like, and the produce appro.
primed to the support of the settlers, and as a part of
their rations. A saw and grist mill would also tend in
great measure to forward the prosperity of the settle-
ment, and would doubtless in a very short time moi e
than repay the original cost. Large buildings to be u:ed
as schools, and wherein the younger children of the
settlers might be kept, would relieve the parents from
the trouble of attending to the children, and thus place
the parents at liberty to pursue without interns; von the
improvement of their locations. These buildings might,
in the first instance, be used as churches, and clergymen
of the different religions should be sent to the settlement.
The space cleared by government might, as opportuni-
ties offered, be given out in acre and half acre lots, for
the formation of a village ; but no lot should be so
given without due means being taken fir ascertaining
that the person receiving it will immediately erect a
'house thereon. Roads must be opened from the old set-
tled to thenesv settled country; and it should be consider-
ed that every pound laid out in this way will not only tend
sothe general advantage of the settlement, but most ma-
terially lower the price of transport. Tracks should
also be cut through the woods, for the benefit of settlers
coming in to fetch their provisions; and occasional
finger.posts at the corners of the lots might prove very
useful, and lessen the employment of guides. It should
be a standing rule, that no person connected with the
settling department should on any account receive
lands within the settlement tp which he belongs. Dia-
grams of the townships should be kept at the superin-
tendent's office, for the public inspection of the settle-
ments, so that persons entitled to receive lands might
see the situation of the vacant lots, and choose for them.
selves; but no person should be located until he has
seen and examined the lot he asks for, and then, pre-
vious to being located, he should sign, in a book to be
kept for that purpose, that he has examined and is
satisfied with his lot; after which no exchange sh..uld
be allowed. The rules and regulations of the settlement
should be read to every settler previous to his being
located ; and he should also sign to having heard, un.
derstood, and agreed to abide by them. No printed
location-tickets should be given ; they tend to make the

settler imagine he has irrevocable possession of his lot,
And I have even known them convened to fraudulent
purposes. In addition to their rations, the settler should
receive seed-corn for their first crops, tools, nails,
hinges, glass, &c. to assist them in building their
houses; a proportion of blankets on particular occa-
sions, and in some cases assistance in the coarser articles
of clothing ; leaving it at the discretion of the superinp
tendents to grant additional assistance as is reward for
industry, exertion and good conduct, or in cases of
sickness, wounds or fires, might be beneficial; but
whenever additional assistance is given, the reason for
so doing should be publicly recorded. There should
be a clever, humane and active medical man in each
settlement : persons on the half-pay of the army medical
department would be the mo,t fit and economical for
this put pose. No lot should be appropriated or re-
servei tm any pretence whatever, even for a single day,
for perions not on the spot, and actually ready to conte
mence its improvem-ut. No setter should be allowed
to dem the settlement without obtaining a previous
permission so to do from the settling department; and
if he does. his lot should be given to some other person;
and this should be one of the rules most strongly im-
pressed on the settler's mind. The common period for
furnishing a settler with his deed is at the expiration of
three years after he has commenced his improven.ca ; V.
and as it is to the possession of his deed that he 100 ks
forward as a reward for all his trouble, deprivation and :
fatigue, it would, I think, be better that the deedsbould
be so worded as to secure the Government in the repay-
ment of any sum advanced for the settler, rather than
be withheld for a protracted period. I have already
stated to the Committee my conviction, that an ex•en-
sive system of emigration can only succeed if carried on
under the immediate control of the Colonial office. The
offices abroad will of course be in constant communi-
cation with the office at home • similar books and dia-
grams will of course be kept iondon to those which
are kept at the settlements, so that every 'previous in-
formation may be obtained here by those going out, as
to the situation, success, itc. of those who have pre•
ceded them; the office in London would of course
be also in collagist communicition with We, dif•
ferent counties in England4relandt4nd Scotland ; a
general system of information miggstAns be regularly
kept up. I have not coosidered myself din any way
called upon, or indeed adequate, todiscusi the mode of
procuring funds, to cars.r ihrOugh an meanie system
of emigration; ball would suggest, in mere allusion to
this difficult and important part of the subject, whether
soutCarraugement might not be nude with those per-
kops who hold large and valuable trade
of land in the
colonies, either to-receive and rlare settlers thereon, or
to assist in defraying some portion of the expense of the
emigration atoput to take place. Were courts of escheat
once established, I cannot but think it would be of gi eat
and immediate advantage, for it would either oblige
the proprietors to improve their lands. or would re.
possess the crown of millions of acres which might be
settled at, comparatively speaking. a cheap rate ; or
might be sold for sums which would more than defray
the present proposed expenditure.