Star.
London, England, 1828-05-12 00:00:00

NICHOLAS.

revealed the secret
.of the promise of a diversion, which
was to obligets to make new efforts.
Thus the Turkish Government, in,its Proclamations,
announced its intention of Leaking its Treaties with
Russia, while it annihilated them by its actions. Thus
it announced war for a remote future time, when it had
.alTeady boson it in • part against the subjects and the
aonsmerce of Russia. Where war was just extinguished,
it %tied to rekindle it. Russia will no longer dwell on
the motives which entitle it not to bear such evidently
hostile actions. If a State could renounce its dearest
interests—sacrifice its honour—and give up the trans.
actions which are the monuments of its glory, and the
pledges of its prosperity—it would be a traitor to itself,
and by disregarding its rights, become guilty of disre-
garding its duties.
Such rights and such duties appear in a stronger light
when they follow the most evident moderation, and the
most irrefragable proofs of pacific intentions. The
sacrifices which Russia, ever since the memorable epoch
which overthrew at the sarfil time military despotism
and the spirit of revolution, has imposed on itself, with
a view to secure, to the world a durable peace, these
*sacrifices, equally voluntary and numerous, inspired by
the most liberal policy, are known to tile world; the
history of late years testifies them; and even Turkey,
though little disposed duly to appreciate them, and
in no wise entitled to pretend to them, has felt their
favourable effects. Yet it has not ceased to overlook
the advantages of its stipulations with the Cabinet
of St. Petersburgh; of the fundamental Treaties of
Kainandje, Jassy, and' Bucharest, which, while they
place the existence of the Porte and the integrity of its
frontiers under the protection of the law of nations,
must naturally have an influence on the duration of the
Empire. Scarcely was the Peace of 1812 signed, when
it thought that the difficult but eventful circumstances
in which Russia then was, might be ueed with impunity
to redouble the violation of its engagements. An
amnesty was promised to the Servians; instead of that,
an invasion took place, and a dreadful massacre. The"
privileges of Moldavia and Wallachia were guaranteed,
but a system of plunder completed the ruin of those un-
happy provinces. The incursions of the tribes which in-
habit the left bank of Kuban were to be prevented by the
care of the Porte; but Turkey, not contented with
raising pretensions to several fortresses, absolutely ne-
cessary for the security of our Asiatic possessions—
pretensions, the weakness of which it had itself recog-
nised by the Convention of Ackermann, made them still
weaker, by favouring on the coast of the Black Sea, and
even in our vicinity, the slave trade, pillage, and dis-
orders of all kinds.—Nay, more; then, as now, ships
bearing the Russian flag were detained in the Bospho-
rus, their cargoes sequeitrated, and the stipulations of
the Commercial Treaty of 1783 openly violated. This
took place at the very moment when the purest
glory and victory in a sacred cause crowned the
arms of his Majesty, the Emperor Alexander, of im-
mortal memory. Nothing hindered him from turning
his arms against the Ottoman empire. But that
monarch, a pacific conqueror, superior to every feeling
of enmity, avoided even the justest occasion to punish
the insults offered him, and would not again interrupt
the peace restored to Europe by generous exertions and
with noble intentions, immediately after it had been
consolidated. His situation offered him immense ad-
vantages-:-he renounced them to commence, in 1816,
negotiations with the Turkish Government, founded
on the principle and the wish to obtain by amicable
arrangement securities for peace, and a faithful adhe-
rence to existing treaties, as well as for the maintenance
of reciprocal pacific relations—securities which the Em-
peror's hand might have extorted from the Porte, which
was not able to resist him. Such great moderation wait
not, however, duly appreciated. For five years together
the Divan was unmoved by the conciliatory overtures
isf the Emperor Alexander, and endeavoured to tire out
Miliiirkance, to dispute his rights, to call in question his
goodissentions, to defy the superiority of Russia, which
saw Welt bound solely by the wish of preserving the
general peace, and to try its patience to the utmost.
And yet a war with Turkey would not in any
ebarrsasosedcotnhvee relationsntioii
con
containing
nißussiang a wi
th
its other bare
ba
allies:
gua-
rantee, no positive obligation connected the fate
of the Ottoman Empire with the conciliatory stipu-

lations of 1814 and 1815, under the protection of
which civilized and Christian Europe reposed, after
its long disseotions, and the Governments found them-1
selves united by the recollections of cotsison glory, and
a happy coincidence in principles and -wiews. After
five years of well meant endeavours, stpilfieted by the
representations of Russia, and equally long rapines and
delays on the part of the Porte, after several points of
the negociation relative to the elecetioe of the Treaty
of Bucharest seemed to .be already settled, a general
insurrection in the Morey,
.110 the 'hostile invasion,
the chief of a party, unfailidd.to his duty, excited in
the Turkish Governmeni and nation 411 the emotions
of blind hatted against the Christians to it. without dip
tinction between the guilty asti the innocent. Raisin
did not hesitate: s reWment to testify its just disap-
probation of the enterprise if Prince Ypsilanti. As
protector of the lira *wove& of the
legal measures of defenettasuppression adopted by
the Divans at the same time insisting on the necessity of
not ainfonnding the innocent part of the population
with the seditious. who were to be disarmed and
punished- These Counciiiiime rejected; the represen-
tative of his Imperial &tipsy was inlaid la his own
residence i the 'big Goa Clergy, v4llO llta Patriarch
at their blade wimp subjected to ea ialeapaus capital
punishment, amidst the soleamities Oast Holy Reli.
gloss All the Christimmorithont any ilistlectioa, were
, seised. pleader's!, and saassersed wililiiiit4WialC the re-
mainder bd. The flame ctiinsurrectimkaur Mies abating.
spread ranentime ow every side.ln,atiedidtbe Russian
Ambassador endesvcrot to reedit the Porta a last ser-
vice. • In 'fain did te.ShOW 1 lb Vets vf Btl Mt,

1827, a way to safety and to reconciliation.
had. protested against the climes and ebulli
unparallelled in history, he found himsel
obey the commands of his Sovereign, at
Constantinople.
About this time, it happened that the PG
with Russia, whose interests equally required
tenance of general peace, were eager to
employ their services for the purpose of dit
storm which threatened to burst over the
Turkish Government. Russia, on its part,
remedy of its own just grievances, in the
should be able to conciliate what it owed
with the moderation that the situation of -
its tranquillity, at that time more than ever
seemed to require. Great as these sacrifices
were fruitless. All the efforts of the Emr
were successively based by the obstinacy
which, perhaps equally in error with respect
motives of our conduct, and the extent of
sources, persisted in the execution of a plat
structioa of all the Christians su"ject to
The war with the Greeks was prosecuted wil
acrimony, in spite of the mediation, the .bj
then was the pacification of Greece. The sit
Divan, notwithstanding the exemplary fidelii
vians,becamc from day to day more hostile t(
and the occupation of Moldavia and Wallac
tracted, notwithstanding, the solemn promi
the representative of Greta Siitain, and es,
standing the' manifest• willingness of Russii
those promises were given to restore its foss
with the Porte. So many hostile measures
fail in the end to exhaust the patience of
Alexander. In the month of October, 1825,
an energetic protest to be presented to
Ministry, and when a premature death
away fromthe love of his penple, he had
declaration, that he would regulate the i
Turkey according to the rights and the in
empire.

A new reign began, and furnidied a Nailer
that love of peace which the former Gove.
left as a fair inheritance : scarcely had the '
cholas ascended the throne when te corn
ciations with the Porte to settle various differ,
concerned only Russia, and on the 2341 M,
April, 1826, laid down, in common wit:
the King of Great Britain, the bases of
which the general good peremptorily call
ardent wish to avoid extreme meatuses gu;
duct. As his Imperial Majesty promised
the union of the great Courts, a more easy
termination of the war which desolates
he renounced, on the one hand, the employ,
partial influence, and banished every idea
measures in this important cause. Oa the
he endeavoured, by direct negeciations with ,
to remove a farther impedinisent to the reconciliation
the Turks and the Greeks. Under such ;
conferences at Ackermann were opened.
them was the conclusion of an additional
theTreatyof Bucharest, the terms of which
of that deliberate moderation which, sul
demand to the immediate principles of
calculates neither the advantages of sittiatin,
superiority of strength, nor the facility of -
sending of a permanent mis.ion to Constant,
followed this Convention, on which the Pr
sufficiently congratulate itself, and the'
6th July, 1827, soon confirmed, in the
world, the disinterested principles prod,
Protocol of 4th April.
While this Convention duly recognised
and the wishes of an unhappy people, it
Bate them by an equitable combination
tegrity, the repose, and•the true interests of
Empire. The most amicable means were;
the Porte to accept this beneficent Convene
entreaties called on it to put an end to th_
blood; confidential overtures, which unfolded
the plans of the three Courts, informed
time, that in case of refusal the—united
three Courts would be obliged to poi
contest which was no longer compai
security of the seas, the .necessities
and the civilization of the rest
The Poste did not take the least notice of
A Commander of the Ottoman troops
conclusibd a provisional armistice, a hen
word be bad given, and led at length I
ment of force—the battle of Navatin
simian./ result of evident breach of faith
attack—this battle itself gave Russia
another opportunity to express to the Man
for the maintenance of the general peace,
it to consolidate this peace—to extend
of the Levant—and to establish it on conditl
the Ottoman empire should add to the
motets attending them, and which, by
cessions, would secure it the benefits of pi
This is the system—these are the acts
Porte replied by its Manifesto of the 20.
and by measures which are only so wan,
the Treaties with Russia—so many vi
rights—so many violent attacks on
prosperity—so many proofs of a desire
. embarrassment

Its and enemies.
Russia, now placed in a situation in w
and its interests will not suffer it any for
declares War against the Ottoman Poi(
regret, after having, however, fur 16
,neglected nothing to spare u the evils
=any it. The causes of this siar suffit
Oct. of it. Brought on by Turkey,
upon it the burden of making good al
caned by it, and the losses sustained by
his Imperial Majesty : undertaken for
sKotcing the Treaties which the Porte ,
lfta existing, it will aim at securing their obserroce

mt. After fit t
Mims' of ragf
elf obliged is ,
and to' leave I
PO% err allied
fired the Maim
o offer and to
dispelling the
he infatuated
t, delayed the
le hope that it
,sued to itself
r Europe, and
(ndangered,
ces were, they
nperm's allies
r of the Pone,
'expect to the I
of its own re. '
len for the de.
o its power...,
with increased
bject of which
ituat ion of the it
elk y of than.
tow ards themo
acbia was pro.
vises made to
even nntwith.
cis, as soon
stner relations
tares could not I •
the Emperor
325, he owed
the Ottoman
snatched him
just made the
relations with
e terests of his
'other proof of
we: nment had
e Estoperor Ni.
omenced sego.
frerences which
March and 4
to his Majesty
a mediation
lied for. The
'larded his coo-
-1 himself, from
icy and speedy
tee the East,
sy meat of every
ea of exclusive
be other hand,
with the Dim,
(conciliation of
h auspices, the
The result of
Convention te.
bear the stamp
objecting every
strict justice,
nation, nor the
f success. The
tantinople soot
Porte could not
Treaty of the
:he face of the
:laimed by the
ited the fie°
it was to cocci-
in with the kw-
of the Ottoman
tried to induce
ention; urgent
the shedding of
afolded to it all
it at the same
fleets of' these
at an end to a
ttible with the
of commerM
of Europe.—
of these
us had scarcely
1 he broke the
to the emplof'
I ensued. nil
faith and opts
and its Adies
Wean its niski
4C, end to ofr
it to the whole
onditions which
reciprocal IV'
reasonable cos-
pet feet security
;s to which the
20. h December,
any breaches et
violations of its
its commercial
to bring urn it
which its honour
Inger to remain,
to—not without
I
years together,
which will se-
hciently indicate
1, it will I.olPek
all the esPetuti
,y the
subject''
of
the pur
e considers es 9°
their observance

~ awl ; induced by the imperative necessity of
cons for the future inviolable liberty to the co.
eree of the Black Sea and the navigation of the Bos-
horus, it will be directed to this object,which is equally
dvantageous to all the European States.
Whik Russia has recourse to arms, it thinks that far
no having indulged in hatred to the Ottoman Power,
of hiving contemplated its overthrow, according to
accusation of the Divan, it has given a convincing
raf that if it had designed to combat it to the utmost.
or to overturn it, it would have seized all the opportu-
nities for war, which its relations with the Porte have
ingewntly presented.
Russia, nevertheless, is very far from entertaining
inaitious plans ; enough countries and nations already
al its laws ; cares enough are already united with
ascent of its dominions. Lastly, Russia, though
or with the Porte for reasons which are indepen-
of the Convention of 6th July. has not departed.

. ' •

ARTISTS' FUND SOCIETY.

..••••1NN...---

• The friends of this Institution, which was founded in
1810, and incorporated by charter last August, cele.
brated their first anniversary under that charter at the
Freemasons Tavern, on Saturday last. The Right
Hon. Lord LYNDHURST, Lord High Chancellor, was in
the Chair, supported on his right by the Duke of So-
merset. and on his left by Lard Goderich. There were
also present Lords Farnborough, Durham, and
Grantham, Sir Thomas Lawrence, and Sir J. E.
borne, Bart. besides several. other Gentlemen of rank
and respectability, patrons of the Arts.

After his Majesty's health, and j,he other Royal toasts
—including that of Prince Leopold, who is to take the
Chair on the next anniversary—had been proposed by
the Noble and Learned Chairman, with such remarks
as the occasion suggested—
The Duke of &meager proposed the health of the
Lord High Chancellor.
Lord LYNDHURST, in returning thanks, said that he
felt proud of the circumstances which called him to the
hone- of idi ,ver such a festival. The A.