Star.
London, England, 1819-12-28 00:00:00

SPANISH AMERICA.

(From The Morning Chronicle).
• We have long been aware that the vaunted state
merits of the Spaniards respecting the pacification of
Mexico were incorrect, but the difficulty of obtaining
inforniation from that quarter has prevented tisior
some time from judging of the state of public opinion
in that most interesting portion of the Columbian
continent. The population of New Spain is situated
in the &arca a wide and sechided continent,' of
which the Spaniards possess the outlets, and these they
guard with a jealous. care. Their system of police hod
terror there has been so successfully organized, that
for the last two years little else than vague rumours,
respecting the state of the kingdom of Mexico, have
found their way through the wilderness to the United
States, or been picked up in the port of Vera Cruz
67 undiscriminating captains and supercargoes, who
have too often disfigured events by confusing the
difficult nomenclature of Mexican towns and sur-
names. We are, however, happy to find that the. Ma-
drid Gazettes, in this respect, are mistaken, and that
the spirit of freedom is by no means extinguished,
notwithstanding the exertions of. Viceroy. APODACA,
and the numerous forces by which he is supported.
--Since•the destruction o(MINA, we were not igno-
rant that the Royalist Army had been scattered over
an immense territory, but till we now examined the
reports made to the Viceroy of the several Chiefs, we
had not understood that the war was still carried on
with any degree of activity. These official reports
themselves acknowledge the existence of an intrusive,
rebel, and oaten:Relents Junta or Government in the•-
Province of Valladolid, the ancient kingdom of
Mechoacan, which is obeyed by, twenty-three.Cona-
mandeis of Guerilla parties, amounting in :all to
12,000 men. In Mexico, the Clergy have always
been foremost in the Revolution, and frequently com-
manded divisions, and we now hear of Father Tha-
nes with 3000 men, and the rich cacique, ItttrrirrA.
under him with 2000 snore. The Pittriot Govern-
ment, it appears, resides in the mountainous parts of
what is called La Tierra Calicsae, or the coast of
the Pacific, between Valladolid and New Galicia,
where the mountains are inaccessible to the Spaniards
and well fortified. The Patriots have their partisans
in every part of the kingdom, and enjoy a ccimplete
ascendancy in the Provinces of Gssanaxoato, Quere-
taro, and die northern parts of dome of Mexico, La
Puebla, and Vera Cm. • •• • .
In the two first are three boliikes. the name of
Ortrui,with considerable diviaboit and occaaitmalky
.. acting the other three, is the Adman Genital Gus-

. •
DALUPE VICTORIA, and his tecond in command'
Jots VERGARA, who, with their little army;
long , braved the efforts .of the Spaniards.
parties being nearly all mounted, and compo
the hardy and enslurinx natives, they keep their
I Irides in continual motion, harass and cut off thei
•
tachments, following up a perfect Guerilla sv
for which habitually, as well as from the natio
their country, they are so well suited. By tlts
having their secret and sworn friends every -3.1
they keep up a line, of communication fiorn
Northern coast of Vera Crux to the Pacific, in an
tent of more than eoo leagues. General VIM
occupies' a territory in which are the mines of
chuca, Moran, Real del Monte, and Potosi, the I'
called so after the rich mineral ridge of that r.
belonging to the provinces of Buenos Ayres. i
DALLIPE VICTORIA is a younger brother of the
quis of the same name, and belongs, to one of
richest families in Mexico. He is active and nal,
and the personal dangers be has frequently run
beyond belief. Several of the Chief. who, in co..
quence of the critical situation in which they
'placed, had availed themselves of the Royal par..
have again taken up arms, and among them is Pt
Some few of the Officeri who followed the unto
nate MINA, are scattered among the Guerilla pa •
We are, however, candid enough to confssi, th
notwithstanding the spirit of hostility to Spain, a
a determination to be free, still. prevails in a ci.
derable portion of New Spaio, and will be kept all
by the activity of determined partisans, it cannot f
the present lead to any result approaching the dos.
fall of Spanish power in that important score
owing to a variety of reasons, it would take sc
time to unfold, among which is the want of a
and the elements of war. The Spaniards have alwa
possessed the points of maritime communicatic
hence have they been able amply to supply the::
selves, whilst the Patriots have had no other weapoc
than those they could wrest from their enemy ontl.
field of:battle. Thus will the emancipation of Meth
as we have.uniformly expressed it as our opinion, b
the Igst• part of that grand work, fast operating I.
Spanish Columbia. The Revolution there cannot w.
same any decided feature till the Governments of tl
!other sections have completed their labours, or till
'suits the policy of the United States to improve a
avail themselves of that popular feeling whichth.
digents of Spain have been unable to extinguish, eitl.e
with the bayonet, axe, or insincere pledges of Pop
pardon. Whenever one of the above periods may itt•
rive, Mexican ehlancipation will be sure and rapid,
cause the resources contained in the country are greater
It is on the latter event, that possibly the earliest re-.
liance can be placed, because it accords with Ile
policy and natural interests of the Washington Go.
vernment, to promote an object, of such immense
importance to themselves and the world at large;
and if we mistake not, the future destinies of New
Spain will be read in the very Message of the Pre-
sideot, now chtily expected in this Country. In the
mean time we lay before our Readers translations of
such extracts of the voluminous papers as have
reached us, certainly by a curious route, for they as-
cended the Pacific, doublid Cape Horn, and crossed
the Atlantic, before they came into our hands. This
14 owing to c;rcesrnstances above stated, and accauuts
for the tardiness of the dates, which do not coma
higher than last March. They are, nevertheless, °a
these matters, the most recent in Europe.
_I ET RA C FROM AN OFFICIAL STATEUENT 0? TIM
4.lnraiits OF THE MEXICAN PATRIOTS OF TO JA•
*DANZ 1819:
•K
-At length the inhabitants of the provinces see
through the deception. of the Royalists published is
their Gazettes, 'giving false and exaggerated accounts
of the tranquillity of New Spain, and studiously cir-
culated for political purposes. These stratagems
here are now threadbare, though they may not he
so in Europe. The fact' is, that though they de-
stroyed HIDALGO, MORELOS, RAYON, and NINA,
and took from us several fortified points of import-
ance, the revolutionary spirit is still the same,
because it originated in the determination to be
free, and the conviction that our cause was just.
their expeditions ag_ainst what they call the
rebels, VICTORIA and VERGARA, and another
Chief who has risen up in the North, called Ba-
c/ADO, have hitherto been fruitless. When it is
the interest of these men not to fight, they fly, tr. t
still they exist and carry on their Guerilla system.
This may be seen by 'frequent reports sent officially
to the Vicstamt of unsuccessful nunentents made
against!them. There the names. and tactics may be
read at full length, though perhaps the next line
contains an assurance that every thing is tranquil.
such is the state of our country, that were our mili-
tary Chiefs pressed On this side, they could easily
withdraw to mountains where they might bid defiance
'to all the forces of the VICRROY• The Spaniards
cannot be every where, and though they may have
20,000 men under arms, that is nothing fur such a
population as ours, if we bad only weapons. The re-
volutionary spirit still sustains itself, and spreads tc-
wards the Provincias interims, where, if wished, it
will be possible to fortify points more effectually
than the Cerro de Coporo or the famous Zitaquarc.
—Though our enterprises on the road to Vcra Cruz,
where the Royalists have placed strong divisions, are
less active at present, they are not so on the main
road into the interior, and towards Valladolid, Gun-
nazi:sato and Queretaro, where the Royalist divisions
of Orantia and Villa-Sem:Ware posted, are only able
to. make feeble head against us. Notwithstanding
episcopal communicptions, and the seductive offers
of the VICEROY, several clergymen still lead on the
people, such as TORRES, ROHM, and Mascos, besides
many
.others, chiefly in the province of Valladolid.
In Gaadalaxara are GONZALES, Castaii.ms.,
Gr-
relsßtta, TORILACIDO, and DRLOADO, all of wl.om da
their duty;*
Tlea Naw Mosrat.e M.4OAZINE•We arc re-
quested toremind the Public that the First Number
of a Naw VoLosee of this interesting Miscellany,
embellished with a fine Pbrtrait of the celebrated
CANOVA, will be published on the first of Ja-
nuary, and those persons who may wish to avail
themselves of this faviserable opportunity for com-
mencing it, are requested to forward their orders,
without delay, to their respective Booksellers or
Newsmen. This Number will be found to exhibit,
isi eke, respect, a striking proof of the decided supe-
riorhy of the plan of this Magazine, which may be
regMatilerttansmisted shrewd/ by applyuag to any
Passim: .