Star.
London, England, 1829-06-05 00:00:00

in Salford, the annual asseantent of which was 2.5024
So far. therefore, as cotton manufacture was concerned,
and particularly so far as Manchester was concerned,
he could see no mound for the allegations of the Hon.
Gentleman. Now with respect to the silk trade. f
which the House had heard for the last year so much,
(more, indeed, than any other braoch of manufactite,)
will] :elect to it, he shoo' ask, was it not pos.ib'e
that an increase in that branch also had taken place in
Manchester? In 1823 there were two thousand five
hundred looms employed in the silk manufacture at
Manchester. and 3,000 in the manufacture of goods
mixed of silk vitton, worsted, or linen thread. In 1828
what had been the result at Manche-tot ? The 2 5:10
silk looms of 1823 had increased to no less than 8 000;
and those employed in the manufacture of nosed snoods
bad increase) from 3,000 to nearly 4 000.—(Tire Right
Hon. Gentleman here proceeded to read an extract of a
letter from Manchester, dated Ist June, which stated
that trade there was in great activity. and that every
good silk weaver might have full employment). He
contended. therefore, that increased amount of si k ma•
nufacture in Manchester accounted in some me twee
for its depreciation elsewhere. How, then, could the
Hon. Gentleman make those accounts co, respond with
the alleged " general distress of the country. ai ising out
of the altered state of the currency ?" He (Mr. Sectet iry
Peel) believed and regretted the fact, that there was.
unfortunately,* stagnation of trade felt iii the c.iiiiitry
but such a circumstance was by no means extram dinar y,
particularly when the extensive combinations that un-
happily prevailed amongst the eperative CiA4WS erre
taken into consideration. He believed, !marvel. that
there were in add.tron other car.ses for that stains son.
land these were over production and the bad harvest of
the last season—an event which al.says depressed fail•
nufactures. The operation. too, of the A in..ticaii Tat iff
had had an unftvouriole eff.ct upon our trade; but he
was quite sure that that effect could re.t be lasting. as the
Americans would, like the people of all other nations,
have recourse t., smuggling to supply their mai ket w
ir ls
articles that were over taxed; for he believed it would not
be denied that restrictive duties w. tod he always found
to produce eves ywhere the same 'freers. In ad 'aim'
to these he might further add that the war in South
America, the war in the Levai.t, and the state rot Por-
tugal, bad also contributed to produce that stagnation.
He thought, therefore, that there being nothing errs-
ordinary or peculiar in the present depression tat trade.
that, a, at former periods, it would be bete- to suffer
the vessel to right herself. than to make efforts f r that
purpose which might prove unsuccessful. Many other
Causes might be referred to as having contributed to pr o•
duce the present depreciated state of trade, or as tending
to aggravate it, and among these might be went'
the system of extending factories. Firmed), when
hard labour was generalry used in Manchester, stagna-
tion occurred, so.i.etimes occasioned by over produc-
tion, which evil was obviated by temp tary suspension
of work. At present. when most of the niaoutactures
are produced by machinery, no such remedy cast be ap•
plied, as, ow ing to the Lteat expense of the ma.hiner y,
no pause can be allossee.. Ul that many instances cruld
oe adduced. Merry indivi. nal, had preferred sustain-
ing a loss of ten per cent. rather than cease to manufac-
ture, and thereby leave to others the possible "pi (rim.
city of entering into the same trade. The gie..t ia.-
provement of machinery bad Necessarily produced as
great an effect upon those who had previously depended
upon the labour of their hands. All the inquiries he
had made convinced him that. within the last ten years,
an increase had taken place of nearly one tenth in the'
amount of manufactures produced. There was alio her,
circumstance to which Sufficient attention had not been
given, namely, the importation of manufacturing
labour from Ireland. The moment the slightest in-
crease of wages of manual labour took place in
this country beyond what was pail in Ireland, that
moment these Was an immense imporiati.oi of la', ur
from Ireland. At the plebe, t monierit there were
great numbers of Irish out of employment in Maitehes-

ter, who wrre necrs.arily a bu then upon the prim rate.,
but the inhabitants frrling that in better linnet tli.ise
poor people had conttibutrd to the prosperity 't the
town, it could not be fair to send theM back, and the: e-
fore they continued to give them the means of support.
The number of Irish poor nose receiving tel.el in Man-
chester was, he repeated, very considesahle ; and the
effect of the importation of Irish labour upon English
lab..ur was much preater than lion. Members believed.
It must al:u have its effect upon any measures to be

taken with respect to the making a proviion in Ireland ,
for t;.e support of ;he poor• population. He r. Vetted
having been obliged to trouble the House at such length;
but he felt that the observations he had made ought to
have some effect b. fore recourse • AS had to rhea-ore,
that would go to derange tha• settlement which Padua.
ment had already deemed assential to the public in.
ret est. He was averse at all times lons giving pledges.
I but he tilt bound to say, as a Minister of the Clown,
that, looking at what had taken plate, and at wh t
might come to pass at a future time, he w as cons lased
that no measure mote prejudicial to the public interests
could be adopted than this attempt to derasti4e and un-
settle the system of the cur envy of the country.
►Mr. BARING admitted that stagnation in some
branches of out trade unfot innately prevailed at the
ptesent moment; but Sct could see nothing in it beyond
the octutrence of nation, to which trade had been
ever uccassonalty liable. Mmeoiret, stagnation in track
was nt►t pecultal to England at the present moment;
for it wi,uld be found to esist in Lyons (a city engaged
principally in the silk tract., the same manufacture of
the distress to which the House had braid so much.),
in Rouen. and in all the Logy malinfactuling distiLts
on the banks of die Seine. and, indeed, thens.ghnu•
lye, fur ow. did not, thatfore, regret that
the subject then beim e the H•iuse had ant been brought
forward at an earlier pet sod. agreeing as he did with the
Right Honourable Gentleman, that it would be better
to leave the vessel to herself, a evinced that in good
time she would recover het equilibt inns. The clostri.es
of the country had been attributed to various causes—to
°manacling, to the suppression of the small note,, and
to the sinking fund, which, by the way, was not so exten-
sive as the world had been led to believe. The altered
state of the currency had, however, been relied on as the
principal cause, but he was sure the House would agree
with him that the great principle upon which a currency
ought to be established was steadiness—a principle
which ought to be held inviolable. It had been urged
that, owing to the altetation of c•ur currency, difficulty
was experienced in raising money for the purposes of
trade; but, as had been stated by a Right Hon;•seeable
Gentleman on a former evening, no man entitled to
credit experienced difficulty in raising the capital ne-
cessary for his business. In Liverpool and Manchester
the withdrawal of one pound notes Irons circulation
could have produced none of the distress that prevailed
there, fur they had never circulated in those towns. In
Paisley and Glasgow, on the other hand, they continued
in circulation,aod yet distress was felt in both those places.
It would be no easy task, thetefore, fur Hon. Gentlemen
to prove that the mating distress had .arisen out of the
suppressed circulation of small notes, and that•such

ecies cf currency would relieve distress.
f, "
&m Ats. certainly, distress prevailed, but it was
only kcal, and iii.t general e r extraordin .ry. Tainket
lugs I oaever. all the circumstances into our consi.
des •tion. lie theme-it it ex•r• melt doolit:eel that this
runny could continue to exist ste a }Feat „
tiering country while such a d•sproportion should con.
tonne to exist bet wee n the remunetarti-n of labour am,
the pees of food. When the Right H Gentleman
said that a change had taken place in the seats of our
sulk manufacture, he said only that which was true,and
which had taken place respecting other aricles besides
; t ur we ought to takocate th..t it did n.;t 'hist itself
from Engl ind to Germany; and such would. in all
human pro's ebility, be the case if the same advantages
weir not affordod to the Brutish manufacturers which
were enjoyed by their Cohtinental comi.etltors. The
comparative prices of labi.ur and of fond involved a
problem which ought to be solved; it was one r n which
the welfare of the country in a great measure dei,ended,
namely, whether England. with the rice et uh,at at
could compete with (i-rraystsy st lieu Ilse t rice i.f
wheat was in-ly SO.. It e• its a mistake to attempt to
estimate the tail in the value of in ney by the difference
between ttie value est guld and p per. The real a•tetatiog
in the value or or:.ney —of that Is use which meass•red all
commodities—was c• ught for in its increa,ed
City. During the war great part e f Etro:e depreciate,'
the value of specie by tt•e- issue of paper, wli cis had the
same effect orsi,ta the yo.d sh...is in inc mat het that 'he
discovery •f a new mine w• IlAve r. He was • Ile
arming nts yes %f-t. after Ili= Mat, ‘'e'e c(mb'sl.rd by
some of the c•,iitinesit Govern/news a. ts a hat c• lose
ought to be taken—eh diet IthcAh% hi to be tad rt.
COtit to to abolish ll.e Jae:vice he ices tedis,,„ and
passe., or *bestir, thissg, ,hould he let alone? Th.,,,e
consulted n.et at Pik and dos uss• d the solject belt,
fully. Paper. as compared with specie. es aS &pita ited
t'nee and three quavers to •se e. The question
what was 'he wise add proper th ng fir ti:e (ivsvertsmert
Ito do wleeie piper was seedeprecia•e,!? A I ier stilly dig.
cimiog the matter, those cn e,ul ed ti tight .t as much
injustice would be C trimmed in endeavouring to get
back from three and three and threeloartets tie
one, as had been sulf•red in• going f ont the one to
these and three-gleaners. The consequence was, thit
no attempt was ;made in Austria to get back paper
'to the standard 0 bullion. For the same masons
he thought those in this coon° ry who had spoken
of an equitable adjustmeist had been treated with
mote ind.gnity than ts•ey deterred. It had always
,seared tie him that the restoration of a metallic cue.
re cy would not effect the yo. id that was predicted of
I it, and certainly to that was to be a.trihutei the relent
fill in the price of comets° ides. The l.rice it corn,
taken for a number of tears together, he thnispht the
best genet al measute or she rake of irosi.ey they c uhf
have. Lcolcints to th t the' y sti old find tie ellf•rtrice,
Is near as might be, bet*. en s' e value of money now
and during the Wait. T e s iffelence between the
average price of coin of late yeas and during the war
was as the differenc • between sixty and ninety; and that
was also, he should say, the difference in the value of
money now and then. A fall in about the same pre
portion would be found to have taken place since the
war in other commodities besides corn. All woollen—
all silk— all cotton Manufactures. had fallen in equal or
greater proportions. As Ite had alluded to the !mice of
woollen manufactures, he could not avo d saying a
wood in passing on the wan: fce ninon sense in th•le
who wax ted to impose a tax on wool—(Hear, !Tar).
%Vas it not plain, if the manufactures cssulJ stow lamely
keep hi, ground, that it his raw material were taxed
Ire most give up the manufacture altogether, or go
with his capital to some country where bread and
wool were cheap? As the Right Ho s. Gentleman bad mentioned
the American tariff as one of the operating causes of the present
distress, he mud beg to add, that the distress it had now caused
was much greater by comparison, fur in anticipation of its effect
the usual exportation to America had been much increased. In
else five years previous to 111411 our exports to the United States had.
upon an average, amounted to 6,000,0001. and in 18241 they rose to
8,..:00,0001. There were other causes, however, now at work
besides the tariff to exclude us from the North American market.
The population was thiekviling there. and home nianufactutes were
of course rising It behoved us. therefore. to raise other markets.
enlist. in Coloniee. which were our best, or in the States et South
America, whose troubles it would be so advamgrous to our user.
chants and manufacturers to have set at 'Ant Thaelung the Mew

for the attention with which it had listened to bins, lie must con-
clude by saying that it was best to let ttungs alone—to stand still
and not to meddle.
Mr.WILIdOT;HORTON .aid the 11,innarah's Gen.
demon seemed to think that the true remedy for the distress of the
country was tri leave things to themselves. The Resolutions he
meant to propose he only wished to put on record for the future
considerstiou ut the House. The Inc was, that a number of Ale
bodied labourers were without employment, and many others ems
plii)ed at istsuMcknt wages. The second was. that large slims were
applied, directly and indirectly, to support those unemployed lo
buuren. The neat Resolution was, that in this state of things no
permanent improvement could tote place till the demand std
supply of labour were regulated. Ia three parishes in Susses. it
was ascertained th.t there were 114 abt., bodied labourers who
were wholly unproductive; and he bad no doubt that many of the
agricultural parishes in the kingdom were in the same stare.—
The CUMetturner was, that the wages of labour generally mode.
pressed. Some attributed all distress to the change in the cur.
aunty ; hut how returning to entail notes could give employment to
those work be was wholly at a Ins. to conceive. Others who did
nut unit for a change of currency, thought a change in the Cora
Laws would remove all our evils ; hut be thought no one could
suppose that the Legislature would materially change the ezistieg
Corn laws, and that tberetore some practical remedy should he
sought or. His next resolution was, that a change in the prewot
state of the labouring clones could only be produced by an 'nerve,
in the funds lair the employment ot labour; or by diminishing the
supply ot labour If productive employment could be found at home
it would be done from motives or selfsiiiterest. He would he thefirst te
increase employment at home if it were possible; but be was coos
fident it would he bound necessary to resort to emigration, as the
only effectual remedy.—[The Rt. Hon. Gentleman here read a leo
ter irons Mr. Tooke, in lemur of emigration.]—Mr. Malthus was
also a Wend to emigration. and so were the Gentlemen who filled
the chairs of political economy in the Universities of London sad
Olioni ; Col. Turrets, and Mr. Ricardo, bad also recorded their
opinions in t ot emigration. The objection to emigration was,
that the vacuum would be speedily filled up ; but be would appeal
to Gentlemen conversant with the subject. whether the espener
of emigration would nut be saved over and ever again before
the filling up of the vacuum. He must now defend himself and the
Emigration Commute, from the attacks of the Hon. Gentlemen
opposite (Mr. Sadler), who stated that the mortality amongst the
emigrants was greater than bad ever been known in any conntrre•
that it amounted to one in fourteen, whereas it was not more tine
one in forty, the mortality of Carlisle, the most healthful part if
England. The Him. Gentleman founded his conclusion on the wv
healthy year ot 1825, and even on that data Mr. Finlaysen, the
Actuary, bad decided the deaths to be ors* in 21, and net we it
fourteen. The emigrants were composed of throe children to 1
adults. and the mortality of children of the same ages animist she
poor in England was one in twelve, being greater than the prark*
' tioa amongst the emigrants. Mr. Finlayson calculated that tberk!
of mortality in 1118.3 amongst the emigrants was one in silty; 01
the average mortality was one in forty, equal to the heekbienel
of Ragland. He thought emigration was supported both by he
inty aud economy.
' A message from the Lords requested that the Home would arm'
munieate to their Lordships the Report of the Committee Gs the
Orphans' Fund.
The SPEAKER replied that the Hoses would send as wow
by messengers of its awn.
' Mr. SADLER said, the Right Honourable Gentle.
man (Mr. Wilmot-Horton) had, since he came ia:o the
House. put documents into his hands which he had .it time •
consider. He was charged by the Right Hoc. Gooks" It
, having selected the emigration of lOU prefareace laat
1823; but the Right Hopwarable Gentleman hid Uri.* g.
rimed Lhe emigration of MISS as mast praseA sionAtli
though changed from one in 14 to one in 111, was still a 'Borsht/
r out the most appalling nature. Any one oetrillalld With