Star.
London, England, 1828-06-11 00:00:00

danger ettanta at present ; what then were they to do? Were they,
to sit down In despair, and refuse to take the causes of that danger
into consideration? He trusted they would concur with the Rest,.
lotion of the House of Commons, and he could refer with pride to
the sentiments of a Noble Itelative of his oppo.ite,who with a man.
linen that did him the highest honour, had dram ed himself ready
to make Ants to conciliate,with a proviso that full securities should
be afforded. No man was less than himself disposed to undervalue
such securities. He would insist upon them, not oily to such an •
tateht as would tads'', himself. but upon such as must be sufficient
to satisfy the most timid and anxious of the King's subjects. He
did not despair of such securities being devised. Goo forbid that
he should despair. He would not further detain their Loidships,
but now conclude by expressing hi, hear ry assent to the motion.
The Doke of WELLINGTON—rr Aly Lords, I rise
under extreme difficulty to address your Lordships oti
th.s most important subject. I feel particular c,ncern.
in being under the necessity of following my Noble Re,
lative, and of stating that I differ in opinion from him
whom I so dearly love—him for whose opinions 1 enter-
tain so much respect. I cannot, however, prevail upon
myself to declare my own conviction, hoping that the
views of my N:ible Relative and my own do not differ in
reality—(Hear, I ear).—I wish as much as my Noble
Relative does, that this question should be brought to
an amicable conclusion—(Loud cheering)—but Ido not
see in the measure pi oposed to your Lordships the means
of bringing it to such a conclusion—(Cries of Hear,
hear, hear).-1 must see clearly and distinctly security
to the State before I can give any hope on this question.
.My Noble Itelative says that our security will be found
in the removal of the securities which now exist. I say
that the securities we now enjoy, and which for a length
of time we have enjoyed, ase indispensable to the se-
curity of the Church and State. I should be glad to
see the disabilities of the Roman Catholics removed ;
but before I can consent to their removal, I must see i
something in their stead which will effectually protect
our institutions—(Cheers).—I feel exceedingly happy
at the good temper and moderation in which this tie.
.bate has been conducted, and your Lordships may rely
upon it,. I shall say nothing calculated to di.turb that
desirable feeling; but it is impossible for me to avoid
referring to some observations of Noble Lords who
have preceded me in Otis discussion. The Noble
Marquis who introduced the Resolution now .before
ore
your Lordships, took occasion to refer to some ex-
pressions of mine uttered in a former debate re-
specting the state of Ireland at, of course, a pre-
vi..us period, and with particular reference to the
cl tiros set up for the restoration of confiscated property.
When I alluded to those transactions, I expaessed
my, apprehensions that concession might lead to similar
events. I believe, however, that I stated then, as Ido
now, that 1 was, as I am now, extremely anxious that
something might be found—some 'rode discovered—
by which this unfortunate state of things might be re-
medied; but I never said otherwise than in expressing
my wish that it might be brought to an amicable con-
clusion. My Lotds, my own opinion is, that we have
never objected to the Roman Catholics on the ground
that they believe in transubstantia•ion, or in purgatory, or
in any other of those peculiar doct daces by which they'
are distinguished—doctrines with which a most Rev.
Prelate conceived it his duty us find fault. But, my
Lords, we objected to their opinions, because upon
those opinions was founded a system of political con-
duct. I am sow to consider this question, in which
the Noble Marquis has put it as one of expediency, and
I agree with a Noble and Learned Lord in thinking,
that we are bound to respect civil power and political
tight; but I am sure the Noble and Learned Lord will
agree with me when I say, that if it be expedient that
this question should be granted, that civil power
and that political right ought not to be exercised. The
question then resolves itself into one of expediency,
and I ground my opposition to it. not on the peculiar
doctrinal points of the Roman Catholic faith, but be-
cause of the nature of Roman Catholic Church Govern-
ment. lam sure I du not wish to say anything that
will be deemed invidious, or that will tend to hurt the
feelings of any man, but when we recollect the trans-
actions that have taken place in Ireland during the last
twentyrfive years, and see how the Roman Catholic
Church has been acting there, in a spirit of Combina-
tion, in a spirit by which the laity has been governed
—it is this, my Lords, I confidently affirm, that is
the cause of the present disturbed state of things in
Ireland. The Noble Marquis (Lansdown) talked of
the power of the people, and of a powerless aristo-
cracy in the country to which he referred—of a
people, guided and governed by demagogues, and by
the priesthood; but, my Lords, that is the conse-
quence, not of the state of the law, but of that
combination to which I have alluded. Then, my Lords,
I say, that if you grant this Catholic Emancipation—if
you give all that the Roman Catholics require—what security have
you-that this combination will not still exist? My Lotds, we are
told that there are securities, sod I admit, from the first moment
that this question was launched in this country, from the pasting of
the Union drams to the remelt day, aR those who have ever moved
thisvjeesticia have stated that securities there must be. The Rigbt
Has. Gentleman to whom the Noble Lord bad alluded, stated in
thaevery letter to which the Noble Lord referred, and stated most
explicitly In Parliament, that there must be securities. But that
Right Has. Gentleman never, in the Cabinet at least, as far .13 I
have been able to learn, set forth what those securities were. I have
repeatedly conversed with those that were intimatelyacquainted with
theltiebt Hen. Gentleman. and with some who Were coattected
with him in office at the period to which I advert, but I have never
heard, nor could I ever kale, in what those securities consisted.
A Noble and Learned I cord tPlunkett) has given a detailed history
of such securities as have been peoposed for consideration ; but he
has-told es, in fact, and lam sore be will sec deny it, that the Ro-
man Catholics themselves have objected to all such proposed scene
titles. The Noble and' Learned Lord says, that we might to hear
and attend to this subject. All Noble and Learned Leads are aware
of that. but bow are they—bow is Parliament—how are the peo-
ple of Ragland to do so? Whatever Noble and Learned Lords
mug Itosew, we MIK believe that which we see, namely. that pm-
sleisiss fee the security of the Church and State. such as are ac-
knowledged to be necessary, are refused by tbe Roman Catho-
lies. wiles' coodect they are intended to regulate. Under these
eiressmstanme, my . Lords, it is not extraordinary that we should
have along seeking, ase the subject. We feel deeply interested far
the safety of Church and State, and we feel therein,. that we ought
is sedlicistnly assured that no danger exists before we incur any
risk. New, my Lords, I cannot but observe on what fell from the
Noble Lord opposite at the commencement of the debate of last
eight. with rowing. to the examples that be then set up, when
contending that the Roman Catholic religion in its natural state
webfoot a religion unfavourable to the Government of any country.
Now, I beg your Lordships to observe, that in all the countries of
Iferope. the Sovereigns have been under the necessity of calling in
the aid of the Pope to assist them in governing their subjects. The
Rowers Catholic subjects of Europe have thus been gained over by
as instrument issued in some way or other by the Pope, and such
instroinstut bas afforded sufficient knowledge of the-intercourse that
existed between the Pope and the subjee:s of any partirolar State.
The Protestant Kings of Europe, before they could obtain posses-
sion of the complete allegiance of their Catholic Subjects, have been
itiestrilied to procure Concordats or Bulls from the Pope, by the
=t eirkith they received the aid of the Roman Catholic
Ale obtsined influence over their Roman Carbolic sub.
WPM Ntet• my Lords, I must say, that we should lank with
eat jealousy to such an arrangement with respect to Ireland,
: . is, that until such concordat was granted, the Sovereign
If unable to govern his own subjects. Such was the
4/10C" septa to the empire of Russia, the Roman Catholic
/if.o
• ••• • . .
.fcbo:liiind oupelyrorbeur
itiverwinethd.tbhyrrperfocoreu,rinnogthaweiontitetterant
,•...orvi,ghtefor, was obliged I. call on the Pope to assist him to
• ' go,ggokvies subjects. Let us not be told, titer, that weave alt
atpirebsitfrai re of the safety idiot State, vibes the same
y
to
in Wren count, ,ntidfinwis of protection have
wig segairsesi to against .them.. k. M tileltes many others,lerve
remedy mot au idjuxioassmaidicatiffleee4llo bf Mr. fiallyKniglio... ,
whi* has been tetquesoli alluded NI lit the debate that bard
taw Ass as tau swum wishie the lass few weeks. • And I

confess it has perfectly astonished me that any Nobleman ahouhl
gravely propose that we should follow the example of other
countries, considering all the circumstances that have taken
place in those countries, or have long rested there. There art
several points with reference to our country which it is most
material to consider. One of these is, that our Church forms a
main portion of our Constitution. Another Is, that our Sovereign
is the head of that Church, and that we are bound to him by an oath
of supremacy, an oath not only to acknowledge his supremacy,
bur to deny and abjure the existence of any other Power to have
jurisdiction within these realms. My Lords. I wish the House
would examine the detail, of some of those concordats, end see how
far :hey agree with the circumstances under which this country is
placed. lam induced to allude to this portion of the subject more
particularly, because of the observations of my Noble relative. I
have now within my view the concordat' or I should say, the ar-
rangement entered into by his Majesty the King of Hanover with
the Pope, in respect to his Hanoverian subjects which arrangement
amount.; to nothing more or less than a Bull from his Holiness. By
this arrangement the kingdom of Hanover is divided into two dila.
,ceses, that on the right, and that on the left of the Weser, by which
the I'ope conveys the Bishops and all their jurisdictions and autho-
rity, and every jurisdiction and authority by possibility belonging to
a lii.bop, trrely to the King of Hanover (or ever. And his Majesty
son his putt engages to pay to those Bishops certain salariecto provide
land* for thew subsistence, and to defray all the expense of their
several establishments, with the exception only of the parochial
clergy. Now there can be no doubt that this arrangement is no.
thing more or less than the establishment of the Roman Catholic
religion in the kingdom of Hanover. Such has also been the case
in the kingdom of the Netherlands, which bas been placed under
similar arrangements. Now, my Lords, what I wish the House
to refer to is this ; that it is impossible for us, do what we
may, to make any such arrangement. I will not say that other
arrangements may not be entered into—l will not say that it
is impossible for his Majesty so to regulate the appointment of
the Bishops, that be may possess a power of controlling their
influence, and of preventing any dangerous intercourse between
those Bishops and the See of Rome ; but I contend, that by
enabling the Pope to appoint the Bishops to the various Dio-
ceses of Ireland, that effect is rendered impossible—and that
effect no Parliament, and no Miaiitry can, under existing cir-
cumstances, produce. My Lords, I call your Lordships' at.
tention to that particular part of the subject, because I see
that such a amok is at the present moment impossible. What
are we to do then? Whatever we do must be done by legis
lation, altiscugh legislation has not been hitherto tried; but what-
ever we do must be done firmly and fearlessly. We must carry
our legislation to whatever extent we may consider proper. My
Lords, as I have before said, I was anxious to avoid addressing
your Lordships at all on this subject. I have now delivered my
opinion upon it, and I am anxious again to impress upon your
Lordships how desirable it le that discussions upon this question,
introduced in this way, ssbich can lead to no practical result,
and can only disturb the public mind, without leading to any
conclusion, should be discontinued. I 'will now refer your Lord
ships to the fact, that in Ireland, previous to the enactment of that
law which forma the basis of this question. from the year 1781 to
the year 1791, a period of ten years. during which there were
many and great troubles in Ireland, the Roman Catholic Question
was never heard of: se little was it heard of, that when a Noble
Friend that now sits near me on the Woolsack brought a Bill into
the House of Commons with reference to the Roman Catholics of
England, it is positively a fact that the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
was not only not consulted on the subject, but does not seem to
have beatd of it until it bad been actually introduced—so little was
the subject then discussed or thought upon in Ireland. If, then,'
the public mind is suffered to rest for a short time—it the agitators
of Ireland will leave the public mind for a time quiet with respect
to this question—men's minds would then become more satisfied
upon it, and then it would be possible to do something "
Lord REDESDALE rose to explain relative to the
Bill, with respect to the Roman Catholics in England,
alluded to by the Noble Duke. He said he felt assured
that to leave meo's.minds quite on this question would
be the best' mode of preventing those troubles that were
alluded to regarding Ireland. (On the Learned Lord's
sitting down, the cries of si Question" became loud and
general), and
The Mar ciais of LANSDOWN rose and observed,
that the debate which had now taken place upon this
question was one of a most auspicious character, be-
cause of the admissions from all quarters that legisla-
tion upon this subject there must be. That auspicious
character he gleaned from the suggestions of the enemies
of the question—..he did not mean the term disrespect.
fully, no less than from the declarations of its friends.
He collected it even from the cautictus and hesitating
remarks of the Right Reverend Lords on the Bench
opposite, but he collected it most of all from the state-
ment of the Noble and Learned Lord on, the wool-
sack—an authority most high, and most high in his
Majesty's Councils—that we were in a situation full of
-difficulty, a situation out of which he saw no way of es-
caping. This statement had been corroborated by the
Noble Duke, but, candid as he was in all other re-
spects, he had forborne to tell the Houle the advantages
that could tesult from delay, in removing those diffi-
culties, which it was acknowledged on all bands now
.existed. He could not believe that such an admission
could have beta made by individuals so high in the con-
fidence of their Sovereign, and yet those inditriduali'
even not considering some plan for the final extinction
of such difficulties; he gleaned so much from their votes,
which they justified themselves in giving ; for when
the House was called upon to consider how it would
extricate the country from those difficulties which it was
freely admitted did exist, if the Members of the Go-
vernment negatived such a proposition without any in-
tention to consider it in any other way, they would be
unworthy the confidence either of their King or of their
'country. If those difficulties did then exist, how were,
I they to be surmounted ? Not by the House, because the
House refused to take them into consideration—not,l
sorely, by the prescribed Catholics, or the still more
prescribed Catholic Association.. If, then, the House
were not to do it, it was for the Government to pro-'
pose some plan by which it could be effected.—'
He hoped, then, and believed, that some plan would
be proposed round u high the Catholics and the Pro-1
testants•'might equally rally. The Noble Duke hid
'alluded to the influence of the Irish Priesthood,
but it was in truth the state of the law that had
driven the laity of that country into the bandit of the
Clergy. It was that whtcb had proclaimed the bonds,
and had sanctified the Union. When lie was told that
a large proportion of the difficulties arose out of the
Conduct of the Catholic body, he would beg to remind
their Lordships that they were not legislating be-
tween two bodies—for he could never be content to
treat the Catholics as an independent body—but for a
I party who were bound to submit to that which was
decreed. Whatever laws might be passed, if they were
good for one body, they must be good for both—they
must be equally applicable to Protestant and to Catho-
lic. He was persuaded that such a course of policy
would dissolve the charm, and remedy the disease. He
felt himself called upon to press this question to a di-
vision:—

The nowe then dfilded. when there appeared—
Non-eontents--Present . . 123

Proxies . . 5111---IS I
Contents--Present • . 9s
Proxies . . 45.-157
Majority against the Restdodoe . —44
Their Lordships then adjourned at Two e'CLoes.

Saturday a Meeting of the Asiatic Society was held
at the Society's home. in Grafton-street, Sir G. Owiessr, Bert, in
the Chair. Dr. liassawross read eipaper from W. DAVIS, Eq. of
the Company's factory at 'Canton, relative to the " hilahomedan
T , who lately rebelled against the Emperor of Cam." 'CoL
Bases finished reading a very ioteresting and valuable paper re-
lating to the Court at Woonak, its Princes. and prime ighlist,r,„ A
bulletin of :be health of one of the former kat/lens ; k Intimates fist
the Physicians judged the Royal patient in seek laminas' danger,
that it was expedient he should be unighad; that is, that the patient
ould be put into one scale, and • stecrespeedlhg weight of gold
into the other—tbe gold to be afterwards distributed hi charity as
a propitiatory cawing ! ,
•

TH 14: EVEN ING STAR.

~~.

LON I►i►l\.

WEDNESDAY. JUNE 11, 1528.
Sr. BADWAS-CLOIII HOLIDAY.

STOCK EXCHANGE, TWELVE O'CLOCK.

This being a close holiday. most of the Brokers and Jobbers are
assembled on 'Change ; but at present little business is transacting,
Consols opened on 'Change at 87 sellers.
CITY, HALF-PAST ONE O'CLOCK.

Consols bate been done on 'Change at 671 /. Brazilian Stock
has improved, in consequence of the information from Rio, and.
they may be quoted at 62 to 63.

The House of Lords have upon the Catholic
Question, and the result is, that it has been lost by 44;
the numbers being—Content, 137 ; Non-Content, 181.
In this state it remains till next year, when it will un-
doubtedly be agitated again, and we presume the same
arguments repeated, pro and con. That Emancipation
would be a panacea for rhe evils of Ireland—or that the
relief would be felt in the smallest degree by the suffer-
ing population of that country, it is useless to insist;
but that.the withholding of the Claims is the means by'
which the Catholic Association is held together—the
pivot on which the influence of the Priests rests, and
the obstacle (from notions of honour), to the conversion
to Protestantism, is, we fear undeniable. It was ob-
served by the Duke of WILLING-MN, that "if the.
agitators of Ireland would only leave the public mind
at rest, men's minds would become more satisfied,"
and his Grace added, " I certainly think it would then
be possible to do something." We quite agree with his
Grace, that so far as regards the fears of the British
people, they have been augmented in a tenfold degree
by the Dublin orators; but to endeavour to convince
Mr. O'CoNtaitt.t. of that, would be to wrestle with the
winds. The speech of the PREMIER, as the organ of
the Government, was clear and sensible, and evinced
no disposition to harshness, but rather a mind open to
any suggestion on the subject.

The great length into which we have gone in order
to ptesent our Re.dtrs with as full a tepott as possible
of the animated deb Ate on the Catholic Question, in the
House of Lords, compels us to defer giving the pro-
ceedings last night in the House of Commons till to-
.
morrow.

Neither the Gazette deF nor the Me:sager des
Chambres of Monday contain any fresh intelligence
from Turkey ; and their contents altogether are unim-
portant. The Moniieur officially contradicts the report
of an Alliance offensive and defensive having been en-
tered into between Austria and Sardinia. A private
letter from Lisbon states, that the vessels sent to
blockade Oporto had declared for Don Peono, and tbat
the English Consul General, Mr. MATHEW, had ap-
prised the Minister of Foreign Affairs, SANTAREM, that
the English would not respect the blockade, as not being
ordered in the name of the legitimate Sovereign of Por-
tugal. The Portuguese Ambassador at Paris has ceased
to act for the Government of Lisbon, on the same,
grounds as those mentioned in the note of the Marquis
of PALM ELLA to Lord DUDLEY; but he is still Minister
for Don PEDRO.

A Jamaica mail arrived this morning, which left that
place the 29th of April. We extract the following
from the Papers received at the North and South Ame.
rican Coffee House:

PROM THI JAMAICA COURANT, APRIL 19.
REVOLUTION IN COLOMBIA.

A Military Governmenl now reigns in Colombia, and
the sword of Bolivar dictates laws to this Republic ;
freedom is a plant for which the soil of America del Sur
is not congenial, and Bolivar wants only the name of
the. Emperor of the Southern World.
By the packet we learn that Padilla, after he quitted
Carthagena, proceeded to Ocana, where about forty
Members of the Convention had assembled ; many of
them were his friends, and who passed a vote of thanks
for his conduct. On the official accounts reaching, how-
ever, a full meeting took place, the votes were annulled,
and Padilla ordered away. He went back to Cartha-
gena, and was apprehended, with 15 of his party, by
order of General Montilla, and ordered to be tried for
high treason; it is supposed he mould be shot, with the
greater part of his adherents. A Decree was issued at
Bogota the early part of February, declaring the whole
of Colombia under Martial law. giving authority to
the Commandants of provinces, towns, &c. to take up
all persons inclined to ciaate disturbances.

A Brazil. Mail arrived this morning, left Rio de
Janeiro on the 20th April. The private letters received
by this conveyance give various opinions on the prospect
of an arrangement between the belligerents.- Some of
[these even go so far to as state, that peace had already
been concluded, the principal condition of the Meaty,
being the independence of the Banda Oriental.—
The arrival of Lord PONSONBY from Buenos Ayres
was most anxiously looked for at Rio. The Exchange
at the latter place had improved a little, being at S 3
when the packet sailed, The following are extracts
from the Rio Papers:

RIO DR JANEIRO, Aram 15.

The Niger, Buenos Ayres privateer, commanded by Capt. Coe,
having attempted, on the night of the Seth of March, to put to sea,
to renew its piratical depredations, was attacked by our brig
Caborlo, and completely destroyed. This news is certain, though
the dispatches with the details have not arrived ; but the wounded,
both of the privateer•(who were made prisoners) and those of the
Cahorlo, have arrived at Colon's.
" -

Lord Paget, Lieutenant of his Majesty's ship the Ganges, which
was at Maldonado with dispatches kr Lord Ponaonby, arrived at
Deems Ayres on the 4th March.—Diario Fisnwinessas, Aprols.

RIO DE JANEIRO, Aran I%

Official dispatches at Porta Alegre, dated Casapara, Feb. 29,
menden the enemy's having passed the Jaquarao with a force of
about 3,000 men, with the intention of carrying off the cattle be-
longing to our army. The Commander-in-Chief, Viscount de
Laguna, being on the alas, marched a column of troops against
duos, and very soar obliged them to withdraw, and to repass the
river at the Paseo de Barandy, where they took up a position, but
Wag klladthd by eke Infantry, Ink light to great disorder and

I

with' severe loss. Viscount ile Lsgona, afltig advantage it imy
mooed the enemy with the Whole of Is aril, intending if pe
ble to provoke them to a general engagement.
APAIL 18. —His lilajesty's ship Forte-sailed from this on'th
14th inst. for the river Plate, cis Santa Cathertna, Lyrae h„ati
our Minister's Secretary-, Mr. Frazer, who, we believe, has ribbed
the camps of the two armies on the frontiers of lito Grande.
Forte proceeds afterwards to BuenosAytes to bring Lordponmatri,
appointed British Minister ttithis Court.—Rio Herald, dprit lg.

PORTUGAL.

CIRCULAR ADDRILISOIIIW TNt PLENIIMITINTIARINS CIP ins swam visa
lIMIPSIOR. Of BRAZIL, AS NINO OF PORTUGAL, TO TIM *pp
BRAZILIAN LIGATION': IN *BROM DATED LONDON, FUR' 10, taw,
His Imperial Majesty, in his capacity of King of
Pi.rtugal, providing in his wisdom astanst the emit
of the Regency confided to his M-st Selene Highne4
the Infanta Don Miguel ceasing to etist, either by row
son of any distusbances which might take p!ace in Piz,
tugal, or of any legitimate impediment arising to pre.
vent his Royal Highness from exercising his functions,
having been pleased to authorise the undetsicned to
enter into official communication with the Government
that might in consequence be installed there, in coons.
mity with the 93J Article of the Constitutional Charter,
or, or, in his august name, in defence of his incontestable
rights to the Crown of that kingdom : •
We, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, finding,
great sorrow, that the cas- thus provided against by
the singular prudence of our August Master has been
vet ified, have immediately cars ied the said orders in,o
execution, by establishing a direct corresponeence with
the Provincial Junta recently established at Opotto, for
maintaining the legitimate authority of the King Don
Pedro IV. and which we, in conformity with our in.
structions, consider a legitimate Government, until his
Most Faithful Majesty shall (definitively and with a
complete knowledge of existing circumstances)proside
for the due governing of that kingdom.
We, accordingly, hasten to acquaint yr+n wi h thestep
we have taken, that there may exist between the I,,gs,
Lion of his Imperial Majesty that uniformity which the
same August Sire requires them to observe in every
thing that relates to his Imperial service.
(Signed) Marquez de 1112SENDE,
Viscount de ITAI3AYANL

THE ARMY.

Thursday, Major-Gen. CAMTIIVLL. Col. Commandant, leeward
the Portsmouth Divisio■ of Royal Marines, and Royal Mannr At.
finery, on Southsea Common. These fine Corps went final/hat
various evolutions in so admirable a manner as to call forth As
warm eulugiums of the Major•Grneral. •
MADRAS AttNIY. •

A General Court Martial was held at 31asulipatans, on the kk
day of December, 1827, on Ensign TH0111•1 HILLMAN Hatt, Of
the lit European Regiment, on the following charge " Fur man.
slaughter, in having, at Alasulipatam, at or about lour (fend ea
the afternoon of Friday, the 12th of October,
.1827. struck, wilt
the thick end of a billiard-coe, or other weapon, Lieutenant &.
sues. Alessvacc, of the lat European Regiment, a blow us the
head, whereof the said Lieutenant Ma 'intact. died at aboat Sall.
past one o'clock on the following morning.
Saarrancit—The Court having found the prisoner guilty Intl.
extent above stated, doth sentence him, Ensign THOXAS Hn.uue
' of the lit European Regiment, to be imprisoned far tbe
space of twelve months (calendar), from such time and at sod
place as his ExcellenCy the Conamander•in-Chief may brpitiod
to direct.

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