Star.
London, England, 1829-10-01 00:00:00

THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 1, 1829.

THR REY. WILLIAM HETHERINGTON'S CHARITY

TO THE BLIND.
ESTABLISHED 1774.

CHRIST'S HOSPITAL, LONDON.
WHEREAS the above-named Gentleman in his
life-time enabled the Governors of this Hospital to pay
Aitituttlei of ".610 to each of Fifty flliod Persons, in the hope that
NI dimple Would be followed by other benevolent Characters,
the Governors give this public notice, that from the very munifi-
cent additions made to Mr. Hmusausavon's Original Fuod, by
Deed of Gift, and by Win, they are now enabled to extend the
Anneilty ti upwards of SOO Persons.
asierieri give this public notice. that from the 7th October
ri iii $d dl November, in every year, they are reedy to lame from
the eneenllg-hoese of the Hospital, neon Tots meow* t. Arnica-
soon or Fautra*, Petitions for any Blind Persons duly pa-
inted.
The *ding quelfecitions are stated hereunder ; and Sinless the
partiN csm reepiethely prove themselves strictly within them, the
Applications in their behalf win be entirely fruitless.
Birth and Residence in England, to the &clad= of Wiles and
Berwick-epee:Tweed.
Age, Fiftrave years, and upwards.
Residence, Three years in their present Abode ; and total Blind-
ness during that period.
Intone, le Any, must be under MO per Annum.

Those who have ever begged, received Alms, or are deemed Ob-
jects for Pariah Relief (such as Day-labourers. ace!) are euluded
from the benefit of these Charities, which are intended " for those
whe have been reputably brought up, and who want some Addl.
den to whet they have, to make life more comfortable under the
Dinh:triune of Blindness."

_________________
THOMAS WILBY, ant.
• From the great extent of this Charity, It is found impracti
cable to auend to letters.
Christ's Hospital. Oct. 1,18 D.

FOREIGN STATES.

Nar Slow=LT MAGAIDIZ FOB 0CT011111.....C0L001M

The King of France still pursues his unwise career in
the teeth of the whole nation. The Ministry is yet unsettled; all
persons who possess the least respect for public feeling have de-
clined forming part of the administration. The individuals named
to the vacant ofllces are many of them justly obnoxious as to cha-
racter. and the merited unpopularity of the change h so universal,
that the Prince de Polignac cannot hope to make head against the
Chambers when they assemble, or to secure a majority at the elec-
tions. It seems as if no experience can amend the wrong-headed.
ness of a Bourbon King. In this respect a northern and southern
&mite makes no difference, the taint Is Inerasible. The news-
pepert are prosecuted for boldly tellies the truth ; the Liberals are
every Where greeted with acclamations, and societies are formed
to resist encroachments on the public freedom. The fanaticism of
Charles has changed the quiet and (utterly state of the caviary a
month or two ago, into • scene of fermentation which it may be
*At fire him if it should not end as did the slmUar 'teasers of
James I I. in Wood.
It has afforded great gratification to all who abhor despotism,
Char the attempt of the Portuguese Usurper to capture the island
of Terceira has been defeated, with the ism of one-half of the ex-
pedition despatched against it. It appears that blood and desolo.
don was to Wive followed the capture, by orders of the most con.
temptibe animal that ever placed a diadem on his head. The loss
of the Portuguese is estimated at 2,000 killed and prisoners—the
latter mostly voluntered their services to their conquerors : such is
the constancy of slaves to the cause of a tyrant! The attack on the
island was made on the 11th July, and a considerable body of the
Miguelite troops were permitted to land. They were attacked by the
troops of the garrison, while the guns of the batteries were directed
against the divisloo of the expeditionary army which was coming
to their assistance. The wind et this time was unfavourable ; con.
fusion occurred among the boats ; and the Are of the batteries sunk
several of them, and did terrible damage to the remainder. The
discomfiture was complete ; and the efforts of the survivors were
soon directed to save themselves, instead of aiding their companions
on the shore. In the mess, time the body that landed was suffer-
-1 ing still more severely under the attacks of the troops of the Count
VW* Floe, and finally, the Whole who escaped the Are of the
Loyallitidald down their arms. The number of prisooers taken
is great. File hundred have already joined the standard of the
young Queen. Most of them were soldiers of the Oporto division.
the loss of the expedition is estimated at 1,200 on shore, and 800
drowned; the beach was covered with the dead bodies, most of
them being washed up by the sea, the wind setting strongly in
shore. COunt Villa Fier estimates, in the proclamation published
atter the action, on the 18th of August, the loss of the enemy at
more than a half of the expeditionary force. Among the killed
of the Miguaites were Lieut.-Colonel Azeistdo and Don Gil An-
nes d'Acorts ; Lieuteuent-Colonel Doutel and the Colonel of the
Ist Cazadores are among the prisoners. Among the Loyalists
there were three officers and nine soldiers killed, and twenty-five
wounded. The following Is an extract from the prod:motion of
Cuuut Villa Fior : " The enemy has left your shores covered by
tie dead bodies of his men, which he sought to inundate with your
blood. The sanguinary orders which they brought against the
garrison and the faithful people of this isle, Providence, which
frustrates, and always will frustrate, the efforts of crime, has turned
against them. More than half of his soldiers have perished by
your fire or the waves, or have received from their generous con-
querors that reception which religion and humanity dictate, but
which the orders of tyranny prohibited them from giving to your
defenders, and even to you, if we bad been conquered."
The Russians have nearly brought the war in Turkey to a close,
under the walls of Constantinople. The Extraordinary Supple-
ment to the " Journal de St. Peksrsburgh," of the Bth of August,
gives the bulletin of the operations of the army of the Caucasus up
to that period ; the conclusion of which recapitulates their successes
as follows : " Thus in fourteen days, niter leaving the provinces
conquered last year, your Majesty's brave troops have passed two
lofty chains of mountalos, still covered with snow • have destroyed
the Turkish army, taken two camps, with the important fortress
of Hassan Kale, all the enemy's parks of artillery, and his field-
pieces; and having thus made it impossible for him to think of
defence, have obliged him to deliver up the centre of Ws. power in
the East—a fortress and • citadel, which might have sustained a
siege. Lastly, they have taken prisoner the Seraskier himself,
Commander-in-Chief of the army, and Governor-in-chief of Asi-
atic Turkey, and four of his principal Pachas." Erzeruum is the
capital of Turcomaida (the ancient Assyria), situated at the source
of the Euphrates, and is not only important from its magnitude,
wealth, and position, but was made by the Turkish Government
the centre of all the forces and resources which it had collected to
carry on the war in defence of its Asiatic provinces. In the mean
time a strong Russian corps was landed at Suborn to co-operate
with' the *sty that was manoeuvring within the Balkan, and ad.
vermin upon Ad:temple, which the Russians entered, and from
which they continued their advance, almost unopposed, until the
Sultan, backed by the Ambassadors of the Foreign Powers, sent
to treat with the victorious enemy, Who seems to have conducted
himself with great moderation. The Porte adhered to the Treaty
of the Bth of July, and gave orders to the Grand Vizier to send
Commissioners to treat with the Russians. As these steps are
stated to have been taken in consequence of the united reptesenta.
dons of England, France, Austria; and Prussia, it may be pm- ,
mimed that in return. the four Powers will Ise all their Maumee
with Russia to induce
,her to grant to her opponent es favourable
. terms a, can, under all the circumstances of the case, be'reasohably
expected. It appears, too, that Nicholas has adhered to the pro-.
fessions be modest the commencement of the campaign, and is.
alipasetito exact no more than be is justly entitled to in the way of
sacrifice from Turkey. Thus. as all reasonable persons foresaw,
has ended, or wW end very shortly, the war which was to crown,
, one " ancient ally," the Pete, with glory ! The courage of the
*Thilif seine to hive meliorated aldiost as woe as his batwings:
The SpanWidi had fitted net all eipeditluti against lidelloo,which,
eallLd fe lts.destimmion; but agents to have met the fate el reran'
s manair. ,Accounts Rom New Qt.eans' of the 24th of July, sue
! the squadron had been disperseu on the 1 Itit, five' days after its
iellieg, by a gale rff wind. The iitt.Hlgettte was brought thee by
the Bingham, an Amens-an dtiti, employed as a tratriperi it, Um,
dipialitiun,. which bad pot ihto New Orleabs, dismaited, with
400 troop on board.

INSANITY IN FRANCE.

The celebrated physician, M. Eaquirol, has just pub-
lished a statistical report on the " Maison Royale de Charente"
(the French Bedlam), which contains some interesting informitiOn
respecting the nature, causes, and influences exercised by age and
seasons on the segmentation or decrease set that most humiliating
of all human sanctions, insanity.
He begins wish a short history of the " Matson Royale," which
was founded is 1641, by the benevolence of Sebastian Leblanc, as
an hospital fur tbe treatment of ordinary diseases, but in after times
lunatics were admitted into it. The building has been enlarged at
different periods, and in 1790 contained between eistl4 and ninety
insane persons. Its inmates at the present day vary from 490 to
SOO patients. The ancient edifice, constructed in an age when the
dreadful malady for the cure of which this asylum is devoted was
very little understood, is in every respect far from convenient, hut
the more tandem additions are well planned, and whets finished
the " Mason de Charenron" will be one of the first establishments
of its kind.

In $ series of statistical tables, M. E•quirol gives the number of
admissions, with a comparative view of the time of the year, the
ages, the sex, the profession or calling, the civil condition, and the
causes of the malady. It is curios, to notice the luduence width
these different circumstances possess over one of the bitterest
afflictions which can visit the human race. During the last three
years the mean proportion of admissions amounted to 206 annually,
and the same number was observed to have been yearly received
from 3813 to 1822.

In the table of the seasons the months of June, Aussie. and July
produce the greatest, and the months of January, November, and
May, the smallest, number of patinns consequently, in the
French climates maniacs are more affected by I high temperature
than by a cold one. This observation, however, had been made
before in England. as well as in Napks.
In the table of ages it is observed, that the frequency of madness
is not in conformity with the progress of age generally. The most
considerable number of admissions consists of persons between 30
and 55 years, and from 25 to 30. After 50 the number diminishes
very abruptly. Madness is more frequent under twenty years of
age with men than with women, and maniacs of seventy appear to
be very numerous (particularly males), in comparison with the
small number of individuals who attain that age. With respect to
the acres the proportion of male to female is as three to two. But
this result, which is so little in unison with the reports made by
other establishments in France and iu other countries, may be ac-
counted for from the circumstance that at Charenton the wards
foe the mates are more spacious than those allotted to females, and
that soldiers and sailors afflicted with mania are sent there from
all parts of Ike kingdom.
If we refer to the accounts furnished by the madhouses iu
France, the mamba of female maniacs exceeds that of males in
the proportion of fourteen to eleven—that iu Spain the women
exceed the men by one-fifth ; whereas beyond the Alps, in the
kingdom of Naples, out of 1,877 lunatics 1,30 were males, an
enormous difference, being in she proportion of two and a half to
one. The same calculation has been made in a very opposite
climate, St. Petersburgh•

In Cork, Dublin, and other parts of Ireland, the number of
males and females suffering under mental alienation, appears to be
about equal ; but. on referring to the documents .f Bethlehem
hospital and St. Luke's, in London, we obtain a total of 28,582
patients of both sexes, of which 15,865 are men, and 12,487
women, being at the rate of thirteen to twelve. In abort, on
comparing the statements furnished from all countries. U. &qui-
rol arrives at this general result, that the number of males is to
that at female patients is the ratitiof thirty-seven to thirty-eight.
The observations on the civil state are very curious. They prove
that more than half the number of individuals admitted at Charm.
ton are unmarried. With regard to the sexes the difference is
enormous, since there are 206 unmarried men, and only 87 women.
The military profession seems to furnish the greatest number of
patients to this establishment. During the last three years forty-
nine officers and forty-seven private soldiers were received, in all
ninety-six military men, almost one-sixth of the total admissions.
And when we consider that, although in the army the somber of
officers is much inferior to that of the privates, it will appear re-
markable that more of the former than of the latter should be coo-
ked at Charenton.
The real ranges of madness are very difficult of determination, as
medical men seldom receive any satisfactory infornaatios on that
score. The most positive information procured by U. Requital
gives the following results :
" Insanity was Caused by the use of ardent spirits in fifty-two
instances amongst men, and only twelve amongst women.
" Ninety-three petsons laboured under hereditary madness.
" Jealousy, love, and even religious frenzy, appeared more fre-
quent than other moral causes, particularly amongst women."
Many interesting details are related of the malady known under
the appellation of monomania. This strange delirium, which dwells
on one object only, is the nand obscure point of insanity. A cavalry
officer, having been crossed in his affections, was attacked by reli-
gious monomania; he thought himself commanded by heaven to
convert mankind, and wanted to kill his fellow-creatures to purify
them from their sins. On every subject unconnected with his sup-
posed mission be reasoned calmly and collectedly, and his general
deportment was equally as mild and placid as that of a lady, who
was afterwards perfectly restored by M. Esquirol, but who had
been actuated by a mint vehement desire of murdering her owe
child, of whom she wu doatingly fond. As a relief to these sad
records of human affliction we will observe that in the course of
three years 209 individuals have been restored in a perfect state of
mental health to society, at this hospital, being about one-third of
the admissions. This statement appears so much the more favour-
able when we consider that the establishment at Charenton re-
ceives persons of all ages—those whose disease may have 'silted
for many years, the infirm and paralytic, as well as patients
termed incurable, who are sent to the hospital when their cases
have been deemed by others utterly hopeless and despairing

FRENCH PAPERS.

From Me Messager des Chambres of Sept. 28.
VIENNA, Szrr. Is.

At the beginning of the exchange Bank Shares were at 1193;
towards the close they suddenly fell to 1190. This decline is at-
Handed to the news of serious disturbances at Constantinople. and
of a definitive advance of the Russian force towards that capital.

rams INC stboxp =mon.
CONSTANTINOPLE, Scrr. 5.—By Farms*.

The negotiations for peace are opened at the Russian head-
quarters, and couriers are constantly going backwards and forwards
betWiett• Adrianople and the capital. The Porte alone is informed
of the conditions on sad& the Russian General insists; It seven
to make a mystery at them to the Foreign Ansbassadots. It has
constantly shown itself distrustful latterly of the European Powers,
and it seems more particularly disposed to lean towards Russia.
The Russians, say the nulls have handled us roughly ; but, at
least, there is frankness in them; whereas most of the o her Powers
conceal evil intentions under the mask of kindness.

The Prussian General Nlufiling is said to be the only person who
I. petfittly acquainted with the conditions of Russia ; but his
active part in the progress of the negotiations is probably going to
cease. since be is on the point of embarking for Genoa.
It seems that the neeociations are founded on the Manifesto
pal:dished by Count Nesselmde at the commencement of the war,
and that the Sultan is disposed to make immediate payment of the
indemnity claimed by liutsla for the espenaes of the war, as well'
as all the necessary guarantees for the performance of the Treaty.
The concluilon of peace offers at present very few difficulties;
we may he convinced of this by the despondency of the Turkish
Mini/ten, and the pompous terms in which they eiptess their et-
teem and regard for the Emperor of Russia.
It it affirmed that hostilit es are entirely suspended till the ratifi-
cation of peace. leantime the works fur the fortification of Ejub

PRICE SEVENPENCF.

are pro.ecrtei with. great diligence, under the inspection of an
English officer of engineers. The well-disposed inh.baants of
Constgitineple are stroogly urged not to lay down their atilt...lib, r
to keep in check the ill.dlsposed part of the population, or to de-
fend the capital in case of ezerentity. All the+, circumsriect s,
added to the appearance of the enemy's troops at Karahurner, mar
the Black Sea, and near Tchlarll. no the road from Adrianople—
the cute ten and the other twenty leagues from the capital—stem.
however, to prove that General Diebitsch intends to continue tw
operations till the Seal melodic of peace.—Augsburg Gazette of
ilaptinskr 24.

PARIS, Satz. 2s.
It It arm odd that Letters from Vienna, more recent than the
Augiana Owner of the 19th, have been received at Paris, and IN
nounced that the negociations at the Russian bead quarters lure
failed, the Turkish Comeniwioners haying declared that they were
not authorised to accede to the bases laid down by the Commis-
sioners of the Russian Genera,. In muse qtience the military ope-
rations have been resumed with the same activity as before. It
must be observed, however, that the German Papers received this
misrules are still fined With details of the negotiations that hue
been commenced.

From the Journal des Debats of Monday.

PARIS, Sart. 28.

The attempts which are making at persecution and spying by th•
new Mast.•r of the University have revived the question of " the
liberty of instruction." A journal which is a zealous panisan of
Dun Miguel and the late Ministiy has been attacking what it cans
the entaneiriatioo of public instruction. By attacking certain well-
known Professors, it also attacks the present organization of in-
struction.

Shall we preserve this university scaffolding, at the bead of
which Is the Trono—ass intruder? Will this numerous stall,
those Counsellers who are so richly paid and who give so counsel
—those official inspectors of public Aces for which secret ob-
servers are substituted, be preserved? Or rather is it not time
to suppress this vast Intellectual and fiscal Government. appointed
at so great an expense, to place, displace, watch, and serve hun-
dreds of professors who are the tarpon of that plantation?
The question as to entire liberty of instruction is grave, anti is
calculated to occupy all minds sincerely attached to monarchical
and constitutional order, promised by the restoration. The esta-
blishment would, indeed, be a fine result. But is this within the
power of the present Ministry, and do its writers wish it? The
freedom of instruction required by the Journal of M. Slontbel, is
just like that general liberty of conscience, decreed at a fatal period
of English history. Then, as now, the only object is, by this appa-
rent liberty. to destroy the legal restrictions which there existed
spinet the Jesuits. And they then subjected all opinions to the
chain, the end of which was held by the Jesuits.

Let sot the sincere and geseeoss friend of free instruction lose
sight of this gross artifice. .

From the Constitutionnel...
PARIS, Sem itt.

CAMS 0? FIFIDISX APO OF A 11711.11 IN ?11l MOM ADMINZIII2/11101f
Illaisters do not hold their office long it France, and we hope
that the present will pass away sooner than others ; but if their
Eminencies are fleeting, the abuses are permanent, sod it i. alway,
the country which suffers.

There is not a single well meaning Deputy who does not bring
to the Chamber a lively desire to diminish the expense of the Ad-
ministration; terrified, however, by the details, he has been cop-
tented hitherto to vote for some resluctimis on the whole. The
Ministers, however, take care that these reductions thsli not reach
their sinecures and accumulated salaries, but they cut off something
from the funds destined for literature, or Isom the resuorce des-
tined to the hospitals. The Deputies wish to check abuses; the
retrenchments, however, are made of useful things, and the re-
',tidy thus increases the disease. Ought we not to seek to put a
stop to this course of proceedings, at that time when, with Gods
help, we shall have Ministers capable of effecting good ?
Three things contribute to make the public expenditure extra's.
pnt—the system of:public offices, the choice of persons, and the
scourge of recommendations from powerful persons.

- . • .
Under the Consular and Imperial Governments eery thing was
to be created in France. The elements of the old Mtinatchical

establishments had disappeared—new institutions were necessary
to meet the Dew cirtansetances. To frame them was for a long
period the study of skilful men, who sought for men to suit duties.
not Wiese to suit men. A laudable emulation in the chief ex-
tended through the subalterns, and every one conceived and
planned, and digested a body of Instructions. The Restoration
changed the administrators without changing the system.
The men who. from every quarter. in 1818, made an irruption
into office, like the Cossacks, looked much more after booty than
labour. The abuse of office was preferable to the dangers of inex-
perience and presumption. But now the principles are known,
the foundations are laid for a practical Administration. If there
are any new ideas, the Administration rather receives than com-
municates them. Is it not time, therefore, to put an end to that
multitude of reports, to that emission of circulars, which teach
nothing to people a little informed, and which generated at Paris
in order to govern. The Basses Pyrenees, the Rhone, or the
Cates de NOW, are not more applicable there than would be the
same dress for twenty different persons, or than would be the
same medicine to all the tick of an hospital.
.Heimootat. or Tee Patric? or awe Vows.—We perceive by'
thi Yondc.sr, that M. Nau de Champloins, Prefect of the Depart-
neat of the Vosges, has been dismissed from the post to which
he Wee appointed in the early put of M. de Martignac's Adminis-
tratlan. It will be recollected that this department had to coin-
, pi* very me& of electoral tricks in 1824 and 1827, and that
alkisost all the elections of the last year were annulled by the pre-
seat thamber. 111. Nau de! Champloins, on being appointed to
that office, re-established correct lists, and obtained the general
approbation. His retirement has excited lively regret in the i)L -
parumeut.
AFFAIRS OF THE EAST.

The uncertainty which prevails as to the position and movements
of General Diebitsch since he mitered Adrianople have given rise
to the most extraordinary conjectures. We shall net quote the W.
but bring the ciressumstances before our readers in RNA. tt tae
Supposing that the Russian Commander in Chief bad tht iiitetstinst
not to stop till be reached the goal designated by the wants of his
country and the order of his Government, it is reasonable to adm•t.
that having in view the capture olConstantmople„and only seems the
accomplishment of this by overcoming many obstacles, be thought
first of securing his position. without daring to flatter himself that
this town would survive the conquest. It was, in fact, the result
of foresight—knowing the character of the Turks, and that they.
forced to give up the territory, would set fire to the building-. To
save the city and its popu:ation, and perhaps the Sultan himself, it
was the ssary to give up the use of force and employ the arts of
diplomacy. The most important interests. and humanity itself,
required from him a firm attitude and conellia.ory proceedings.
The generosity of this resolution it is difficult fully to appreciate.
A march of thirty leagues might terminate the war by the most
important acquisition. The discouragement of the Turkish
armies and the weakness of the Sultan were notorious, and
placed no obstacle in the way of thus concluding the most me-
morable expedition of our times. In place of acknowledging that
delay has been dictated by prudence, the most wild conjectures
have been indulged in. lie has been stopped, It has beets said.
by a word from the Ambassadors, and by a proinise given
by the Emperor, that whatever might be the chances of war
his troops should never occupy Constantinople. Peace at.
longer depends on the Sultan, but altogether on the conqueror.—
When be has accomplished his mission, he will grant pe'ace. It
obliges him to drive the Sultan into Asia, or it the promise at-
tributed to the Emperor Nicholas has been made, he will only
leave Isialunoud at Constantinople, on the same footing as the King
of Poland was left in his capital, till the definite dismenthermetit
of his kingdom. In the former case, Constantinople will bee dor
a Russian city in the latter, it will for a season have i:s Poilia-
towski, under the guardianship of another liepnin. General the •
bitsch has been obliged either to obtain possession of the City by a
rapid march, but then it would be a heap of ashes and slaughtered
Christians, or to resider himself master of it by negoc4tiens. Ile
appear. to have preferred the latter, which accounts fur the slow-
ness of his operations.
Fez/scat Fuons.—lientes 'Five per Cents. 107 f. 30e. 25c. The. e
per Cents, 81L 80c. SOc. Bank Actions, !SOL 111501.

nation Futon..—Neapolitan Rent's, Cert. Pa. mt. 45e. (loyal
Spani4 Loan, 73. Intetintnablla Spanish Annuitlei: st)