The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1839-03-08 00:00:00

SELECT EXTRACTS.

GERMAN LITERATURE AND LITERATI.—It is calculated
that ten millions of volumes are annually printed in Ger-
many, and that there are upwards of 50,000 authors of one
or more books.

METHOD OF CLEANING GLASS.—Reduce to a very fine
powder a piece of indigo, moisten a rag, apply it to the pow-
der and smear the glass with it. Wipe it well with a dry
cloth. Very fine sifted ashes applied in the same manner by
a rag dipped in brandy or spirits of wine will answer well ;
but Spanish white ought to be rejected, as it is apt to take
the polish off the glass.
GARLIC.—The Hungarian jockeys frequently tie a clove
of garlic to their racers' bits, when the horses that run against
them fall back the moment they breathe the offensive odour.
It has been proved that no horse will eat in a manger, if the
mouth of -any other steed in the stable has been rubbed with
this plant. I had occasion to ascertain this fact. A horse
of mine was in the same stall with one belonging to a brother
officer ; mine fell away and refused his food, while his com-
panion throve uncommonly well. lat last discovered that a
German groom, who had the charge of the prosperous ani-
mal, had recourse to this vile stratagem. It is also supposed
that men who eat garlic, knock up upon a march, the soldiers
have not made use of it. Hence, in the old regulations of
the French armies, there existed an order to prohibit the use
of garlic when troops were on the march. —Dr . Milling en.
Dr. ADAM CLARKE'S OPINION OF THE ESTABLISHED
CHIJRCH.—I consider the Church of England the purest na-
tional church in the world. I was brought up in its bosom ;
I was intended for its ministry. I have been a Methodist for
half a century. I have been a preacher for forty-three years,
and I am highly deceived indeed, if I be not, without any
abatement, a thorough member of the Church of England ;
its doctrines and its sacraments, which cot stqate the essebee
of a church, I hold conscientiously as it holds them. , I reve-
rence the Liturgy next to the Bib.e ; I proclaim its doctrines
and administer its sacraments, not only in the same spirit in
which it holds and administers them, but also in the same
words or form. I also reverence its orders, and highly esteem
its hierarchy ; and have not a particle of the Dissenter in me;
though I love and esteem all good men and able ministers,
wherever I find them.

Mr. GURNEY'S LAMP.--In the spring of 1835, Mr. Gur-
ney proposed, by combining oxygen with the flame of wax or
oil, to obtain light of great power, by which the object' ons
to the lime light might be obviated. The proposition was
immediately entertained, 'and the new light was put under
experiment at the Trinity House. It is a well-known fact
that oxygen increases the brilliancy of burning bodies, to a
very great extent. Sulphur, which burns in common air
with a pale blue and scarcely visible flame, when put into
oxygen gives out a very intense light ; and phosphorous,when
so surrounded, gives out a light so intense that the eye can-
not bear it. The same happens with charcoal, and with the
frame of oil, wax, or other bodies which contain it. Dr.
Priestley applied the principle to a common argand lamp, but
owing to the oxygen meeting with carbon in a half state of
combination with the atmosphere, he failed to produce the
brilliancy which, from theory, he had expected. Mr. Gur-
ney had completely removed this defect by introducing the
oxygen into the interior of the flame, where the carbon is
pure and uncombined, and thereby produces a light with
power equal to sixty argand lamps. The lamps used in light-
houses on the French coast give only ten. Mr. Gurney's
light is cheaper than the French in the proportion of 12 to
17, taking all wear and tear into account. Oxygen is ob-
tained by heating black oxide of manganese, which is found
in large quantities in Cornwalland Devonshire. The Trinity
House, it appears, has resolved to adopt the light, and the
House of Commons is to be lighted with it after the Easter
recess.—Athen&um,
CURE FOR TURNIPPY BUTTER AND MILK.—At this sea-
son of the year, when cattle are much fed upon turnips, it
may not be unacceptable to mention that an ounce of salt-
petre put into 30 gallons of milk will divest it of the flavour
of the turnip.
CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE AS TO PROPRIETOR§RIP.—A
body of Massachussets puritans are said to have justified
their taking possession of the Indians' lands, by the follow-
ing summary process :—Unanimously resolved, Ist, That the
earth is the Lord's, and the fullness thereof; 2d, That the
Lord has'given the inheritance of the earth unto the saints ;
and 3d, That we are the saints."

ECCLESIASTICS PHYSICIANS.—Throughout Europe, but
particularlyin France, in later times, the duties of the phy-
cian were chiefly performed by ecclesiaistics. Clerks and
monks only were given to study, and they alone were consi-
dered capable of treating diseases. Among abb4s, canons,
bishops, &c., who have been physicians to their sovereigns,
and other distinguished characters, may be enumerated John
Lavantage, Eustache Cailleux, Fulbert, Bishop of Chartres,
Lombard, Bishop of Paris, Roger, of Provence, physician
to Louis VIII., Robert, of Douy, a prebendary and physician
to Margaret of Province, Obizo, Abbot of St. Victor, physi-
cian to Louis the Big, Rigord, a monk of St. Denis, and au-
thor of the " Life of Philip Augustus," a prohibition of
physicians to marry, was only abolished by a special bull pro-
nounced by the Cardinal D'Estonville, in the year 1452, and
this measure contributed not a little to effect the separation
of the clergy from medicine.—Pettigrew's Medical Portrait
Gallery.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.—At the last meeting of this so-
ciety, the Rev. Dr. Buckland, president, in the chair, a com-
munication was read, " On impressions of drops of rain on
slabs of new red sandstone, in the Storeton Quarries, Che-
shire, and coeval with the formation of the strata," by Mr.
John Cunningham, of Liverpool. In a paper read before the
society on the 3d of December, an account was given of the
impressions of footsteps of several species of animals in the
new red sandstone of the Storeton Quarries, ahout three
miles southwest of Liverpool. In examining some of the
slaps of stone, extracted at the depth' of above thirty feet,
Mr. Cunningham observed that their under surface was

densely covered with minute hemispherical projections, or
casts in relief of circular pits in the immediately subjacent
layers of clay. The origin of these marks, he is of opinion,
must be ascribed to showers of rain, which fell upon an
argillaceous beach exposed by the retiring tide, and their
preservation to the filling up of the indentations by sand.
On the same slabs are impressions of feet of small reptiles,
which appear to have passed over the clay previously to the
shower, since the footmarks are also indented with circular
pits, but to a less degree; and the difference Mr. Cunning-
ham explains by the pressure of the animal having rendered
those portions of the clay less easily acted upon. The rain
fell during the remote ages of the world, the author stated,
no person acquainted with geology will dispute, as to the
destructive and transporting agency of rain waters many of
the sedimentary strata owe their origin. The vast forest also,
which grew at a period anterior to the new red sandstone,
and are now treasured up in our coal fields, could not have
flourished without abundant supplies of atmoepheric waters ;
and that the effects of ,drops of rain may be preserved in a
solid form,. be proved by reference to an account given by
Mr. Scrope of a shower of rain which fell upon extremely
fine volcanic ashes thrown out by Vesuvius during the erup-
tion of 1822. The drops of rain formed small globules, which
hardened into pellets, and accumulated in some places at the
foot of a slope, in beds a foot or more in thickness, and were
often so aggultinated that it required a sharp blow from a
hammer to break the mass.

SINGULAR DREAM AND DISAPPOINTMENT.—A curious
incident lately occurred in our immediate neighbourhood. A
gentleman, who has a villa near this, dreamt that at certain
number would be a prize in the lottery. The morning after
his dream, which was only a week previous to the drawing
of the lottery, he wrote a note to his clerk, to desire him to
buy the ticket immediately ; and subsequently told many of
his neighbours and acquaintances of his dream, the number,
and of his purchase of the ticket. Being a very popular per-
son, all who heard of the circumstances were anxious that his
dream should be realized ; and, to their great satisfaction,
the number was drawn a very large prize. Forthwith, a nu-
merous party of artisans and peasants, employed by the gen-
tleman in question, sallied forth from Naples, with musical
instruments, colours flying, and a banner gaily decorated, on
which the lucky number was inscribed, and also the amount
of the prize. In this manner they proceeded to the habita-
tion of Mr. , and announced the joyful intelligence,
which, it is needless to say, spread a general hilarity through
the house. This procession was followed by several friends
and acquaintances, who came to congratulate the fortunate
owner of the prize. Refreshments in abundance were served
out on the lawn for the peasants and artisans, and a collation
in the salle-a-manger was offered to the friends. Sufficient
wine of an inferior quality not being in the cellar, the best
was copiously supplied, in the generosity occasioned by the
good fortune of the host The health of the winner of the
prize was repeatedly drunk, and many suggestions, relative to
the disposal of a portion of the newly acquired wealth, were
given. The news spread, and the pleasure grounds of Mr.
became literally filled with visitors of all classes ;
when, in the midst of the general rejoicings, the clerk, who
had been a week before deputed to purchase the ticket, ar-
rived, with a visage so rueful and woe-begone, that one glance
at it announced some disagreeable news. Alas ! this unlucky
wight had, in the pressure of more than ordinary business,
forgotten to buy the ticket! and thought not of it until in-
formed of its having been drawn a prize. The rage and dis-
appointment of Mr.
than described, when he saw the wheel of fortune, which had
paused at his door, driven to that of another ; who, having
heard of the dream of Mr. , selected the number, and
became the buyer of the ticket only the day before it was
drawn. The refreshments so liberally dispensed on this oe--
casion had quite exhausted the larder of the dreamer, and
nearly emptied his cellar; and thus ended the affair of the
lottery. Never were people so addicted to this species of
gambling as are the Neapolitans. All classes indulge in it
more or less, but the lower ones give way to it with an ex-
traordinary recklessness. Every dream, encounter, incident,
or accident, has its own particular sign and number, which
may be found in a book published for the instruction of the
buyers of tickets, and of which every house has a copy. The
death of a friend, however lamented, refers to a particular
number, which the mourner forgets not to secure, if it conas
in conjunction with some fortunate sign. Thus even out of
misfortunes and afflictions the Neapolitans seek to draw some
recompense. Nor does frequent disappointment seem to
correct their eagerness for the lottery. They always disco-
ver some satisfactory reason for having missed the prize, and
hope to be more fortunate the next time.— The Idler in Italy,
by Lady Biessington.
A SUMMER GARDEN AT ST. PETERSETIRGH.—We should
prefer visiting these gardens on the famous fete of the 26th
of May, when the girls of the middle classes are brought out
to catch husbands. This is one of the most singular usages
we have met with. The Russians call it the inspection or
show of young girls. Regularly as the first days of summer
return, all the young women who have not got husbands are
paraded here by their parents, each in her best dress and best
looks. Bachelors, young and old, enter the alleys, with cau-
tious step and anxious eye—glide in silence through the files
of beauty ranged thick on each side—see some one whom they
like better than others—stand awhile—go away—come back
—and take another look ; then, if the honoured fair one still
please, the victim ends my making proposals. To whom ?
To the young lady, to be sure, guesses some impatient youth,
but he guesses wrong. Such indelicacy is never heard of in
Russia. A man to make love for himself would be contrary
to nature, that is, to Russian nature, which is quite a differ-
ent thin, from human nature every where else. It is to the
parents, then, that he addresses himself? No such thing!
The unhappy reader is still wide of the mark. They manage
these things very differently in Russia. A gentleman who
intends taking a wife, employs some old hag from a class of
women who live by match-making. He tells her what funds
he has, what he is employed in, what he expects from his
friends ; and, naming the fair one whom his eyes have chosen,
begs that she will explain all these matters, not to her, but to
her family. This go-between, this most unclasaical Prox- •
effete, whose wages are as regularly fixed as the per-centages
of a Ifroker, enters on her mission in due form. Explanations
are given on both sides ; frinds are consulted ' negotiations
of the most formal nature are carried on. Diplomacy is
nothing to it. From unforeseen objections about prospects
or dowry, the explanations of the high contracting parties
often become as tedious as Belgian protocols. Months, in
fact, may be spent in these preliminaries ; but all this time
the poor damsel has had no voice in the matter. She has
not seen her intended; they have never met so long as to
whisper a stolen vow to each other. There will be time
enough for the unimportant process of becoming acquainted,
when their fate has been irrevocably fixed.. What have such
silly considerations as like., or dislike to do with marriage ?
In choosing a wife, it is r. beast of burden, a domestic drudge,
that the Russian wants, not a rational companion—an equal.
Were he to consult his affections in selecting his spouse,
could he have the pleasure of beating her whenever he feels
inclined ? Married women in the middle ranks appear to lead
a most listless existence. Without education, and, by the
jealous usages of the country, almost prohibited from taking
exercise, ,their chief occupation seems to consist in leaning
over the window all day long, with their elbows resting on
cushions, and sometimes a poodle dog on each side,—,Brem,
ner's Excursions in nwsia.

LATEST DATES AT LIVERPOOL.
From Direct. Indirect. From Direct. Indirect.
Calcutta
Bombay .. ...... Jan..... 2 Maranham Dec 2g
China . '
Mauritius .1
St. Helena I
Rio Janeiro'
Bahia I

TIDE TABLE.
Days. ll.trn. Evn. Height.
H. 51. 11. 51. F. 1.
Tuesday 5 148 2 3 15 10 Saturn rises lh 44m morn.
Wednes. 6 .2 18 233 14 7 Saturn sets 9h 44m morn.
Thursday 7 251 311 13 2 Perpetua,
Friday 8 332 358 11 7 Merc. eon. Geo. 6111 m m.
Saturday 9 426 5* 1 10 Venus rises 7h 12m morn.
Sunday 10 547 636 10 1 4th Sunday In Lent.
Monday it 79A 9 5 10 7 Venus sets 71142 m even,

PACKET BOATS.—FALMOUTH STATION,
• GENERAL POST-OFFICE, March 5.
i Mails made Last Packets Next Packets
DESTINATION. 1 up in Sailed. Due.
London.
-----
Holland Tues. & Fri. Mon. & Thurs.
Hamburg & Swed. Tues. & Fri. Tues. & Satur.
Lisbon
Madeira 1 Saturdays .. i Feb. 25. March 10.
Spain &Gibraltar
Malta and Greece.. 2nd Saturday Feb. 10.
Egypt and India .. 4th Saturday Feb. 18.
Madeira lst Tuesday H.M.B.Opossum Seagul,
Brazil & B.Ayres each month. Feb. 9. March 29.
America lst Wednes. L.Melville, Feb. 9 Magnet, Mar. 9.
1 Jamai. L'ward Ist day of B. Sheldrake, Pigeon,
t Lagnira "' & Ham.' each month. March 3. April 2.
Mexico and Ha- 1 15th day of H.M.13. Reindeer Petrel,
vana -month. Feb. 19. • March 23.
J Jamai. L'wardl 15th day of IH.M.B.Pandora, Lyra,
1 Isl. & Aayti each month.' Feb. 17. 1 Mrirch 11.
Carthagena
PREMIUMS OF INSURANCE AT LLOYD'S.
LONDON & LIVERPOOL, Outward. t Home.
(Sailing before 12th Jan.)
to .... .... after Ist. Ang.
Jamaica 2ss Od @ 0 Od 84. s 0d @a Od
Leward Isl. Deme. & Berbice. 20 0 0 0 40 0 0 0
Honduras 5O 0— 0 0 105 0 —147 0
New York, Boston 4O 0— 50 0 20 0 0 0
Charleston, Savannah
New Orleans
Havana 5O 0— 60 0 50 0— 0 0
Canada 0 0— 0 0 0 0— 0 0
British North America B4 0— 0 0 0 0— 0 0
Newfoundland o 0— 0 0 40 0— 0 0
Brazils
River Plate
East Indies
China 45 0— 0 0 50 0— 0 0
Batavia 4O 0— 0 0 40 0— 0 0
New South Wales
Cape of Good Hope
Africa 3O 0— 0 0 126 0— 0 0
Gibraltar
Lima, Valparaiso, &c.
Malta, Sicily, &c.
Smyrna and Constantinople
Malaga 2O 0— 0 0 20 0— 0 0
Madeira 2O 0 0 0 20 0 0 0
Western Isles, Cape de Verds 0 0— 0 0 0 0— 0 0
Lisbon
Cadiz
France
Holland 3O 0— 0 0 30 0— 0 0
Hamburg, Bremen, &c.
Gottenburg, Stockholm
Petersburg, Riga, &c.
Oporto