Star.
London, England, 1829-08-21 00:00:00

THE WEATHER AND CROPS.

The weather has at length become calm and settled,
and the temperature of the last two days has done much towards
ameliorating the condition of the crops, which have been se dread-
fully injured by the late storm and heavy rains. Many farmer,
whom we have conversed with are of opinion, that if the weather
continue dry fora fortnight, the harvest will, after all, be early and
abundant.—Dublin Freeman's Journal.

• The weather has been very unfavourable for the ap-
proaching harvest during the past week. On Wednesday the wind
got round to the east, when the horizon became black with clouds,
and early on Thursday morning the rain began to fall very heavily,
and continued to come down, with little intermission, till Satur.
day evening. The crops are consequently much lodged, and fears
are entertained that the wheat will be greatly injured. The wea-
ther became fine again on Sunday.—Ttme Mercury.
The present season is likely to be very abundant in
plums and nuts, and particularly of the lattsr ; but the mischief
attendant on indulging in them is so serious, that too much caution
cannot be exercised at the present juncture on this subject. Me-
dical men usually calculate on a cry.siderable accession of profes-
sional duty at this period, from the serious and often fatal maladies
occasioned by eating, inconsiderately, garden products of this de-
scription —Tornio* Courier.
Very little wheat in this neighbourhood remains to be
carried, and we rejoice to say that, although we have not escaped
In participating in the inconstant state of the weather, which ap-
pears to have inflicted some misch'ef elsewhere, yet the quality of
the grain has not been in the least injured by the frequent and oc-
casionally heavy showers which have fallen. The few simples of
new wheat brought to our market last week were perfectly hard,
and fit for immediate grinding. The meadows, in almost all direc-
tions, exhibit the extraordinary appearance, at this late season, of
hay-making operations, and every where heavy crops of grass ap-
pear on lands which, at the customary period for mowing, were
not worth passing over with the scythe. The cutting of barley has
commenced, and amply supports the opinion expressed in our last
of its amended condition.— Tonga* Courier.

At the moment we write harvest labour is going busily
forward, and in a wide circuit around Dumfries the sickle is seen
gleaming in hundreds of fields. The sight I. delightful...lld, after
all that has passed, and amidst the nunieious attempts so impiously
made to give a political twist and leaning to the seasons, we still
hunihly trust that those who sowed in hope will reap in joy, and
that, before the lapse of many weeks, little will be heard save one
universal sentiment of gratitude to the gracious and glorious Gou
of Harvests. Though a considerable quantity of grain was cut in
the end of last week, yesterday was our first market for shearers.
About 200 persons attended, all cf whom, we believe, were en-
gaged at wages varying from 18d. to near St.—perhaps according
to the distance from town, and the time the masters went into the
market.—Dvisfries Courier.

A gentleman in the city of Edinburgh is in posses-
sion of the cap which the Earl of Aygyll, who was beheaded in
1685 upon an iniquitous sentence, wore upon the scaffold. It is of
white satin, lined with linen, and having a border beautifully
wrought. It is also much stained with the blood which flowed
from the veins of the noble martyr.
The late King, GEORGE 111. is said to have asked the
late Lord EeLzanoaoustm, when attending the levee atter his ap-
pointment to the office of Attorney General, " Mr. Law, have
you eve! been in Parliament r The answer was in the negative.
" That is right; my Attorney General ought not to have been in
Parliament ; for then, you, know, he is not obliged to eat his own
words."—lkraonat and Literary Memorials.
Bishop Burnet, in his charge to the Clergy of his
Diocese, used to he extremely vehement its his exclamation against
Pluralities. In his irat visitation to Salisbury, he urged the autbo-
thority of Saint Bernard, who, being consulted by one of his fol-
lowers, whether be might accept of two benekea. replied, " And
how will you be able to serve them both?" " I intend (answered
the Priest) to officiate in one of them by Deputy." " Will your
deputy suffer eternal punishment fur you too?" asked the Saint.
" Believe me, you may serve your cure by proxy, but you must
suffer the penalty in person." This anecdote is said to have made
such an impression on a Mr. Kelsey—a pious and worthy Clergy-
man then present—that he immediately resigned the Rectory of
Bentertoosin Berkshire, worth lOW. a year, which be then held,
with one of greater value. ,

LITERATURE, FINE ARTS, DRArc7A,

THEMATHENIATICti OF 51USIC.

It is related by :dactobius that the cl. ligneous noise of smiths'
hammers gave rise to the science 01 music. Pythagoras discovered
that the sounds proceeding from the smith's hammers or,.te either
more grave or more acute according as the hammers were more 0,
less ponderous. From such a beginning, suggested by sense or
memory, without the primary aid or the imagination. did Pytha-
goras invent one of the most delightful of the seiritces, and by
combining it with the mathematics, rendered it susceptible of the
most rigorous demonstration.
Harmony, or the result of the combination of three or more
simple musical sounds striking the ear altogether, is said, however,
not to have bees known by the ancients. Although they have
afforded us instances of several instruments or voices being joined
by them in consonance, yet the result was net a distinct melody
produced by each performer, but octaves or unisons at each Dote,
and consequently the same individual melody.

Sound arises from the vibratious of elastic bodies communicating
those vibrations to the air, from which these are again transmitted
to our sense of hearing. When the vibrations are isochroanus, the
sound is called musical, and is of the same pitch ; but it is said to
be more acute. sharper, or higher than any other sound whose vi-
brat' are slower ; and graver, flatter, or lowtr than any other
sound whose vibrations are quicker.
Whatever, therefore, be the difference of several strings with
regard to length, thickness, density, and tension, or, of other so-
ourous bodies, vibrating all together. in equal times, the sounds
produced will all be of the same pitch, and they are, for this reason,
denominated unisons.

Two musical strings, having the ume thickness, density, and
tension, sod differing in length only, will have the time. of their
single vibrations, in the ratio of their lengths
Hence it follows, that by comparing the Ennuis of
2334 5 8 9
3. 4, 5. S. 6,9, 10.
of a musical string, respectively, with the sound of the whole
string, we shall, on each comparison, acquire the idea% of the in-
tervals of two ui.tinct sounds. the Moyle vibrations of which are
in the ra.io of 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 3 to 5, 4 to 5, 5 to 6, 8 to 9, ? to 10,
&r. For 4i. to cue, as 2 are to 3, &c. &c.

For the sake of illustration, let any straight line, ('O, ri•present
a musical stein;. of which. let its parts DO. EO, FO, GO. AO,
130, CO. be ;11 proportion to one another as tl.e numbers

432 3 8 1
9,3, 4,3, 5, 15, 2

then will their vibrations exhibit the system of right sounds, well
known to musicians under the names of the tespective lett, is C, D,
E, F, 6, A, 111, e.
In other words, each of the preceding letters, hawing bean made
to represent one extremity of a straight line or musical string, and
0 the other extremity thereof; it we reject the noting of extremi-
ties, and make each initial letter represent a straight line nr string,
then will C denote I ; I), 1; E, 4; F, ;G, ;A, li, 8 ;
9 5 4 3 5 15

1
C, 2
.... Consequently,

it to

Ur 10

1 ; an octave.

8 ; a tone major.
9 ; a tune minor.
15 ; a hemitonr.
8 ; a tone major.
9 ; a tone mart.
ti ; a tone major.
.15 ; a bemitone.

For a—similar
C 18 8
1) Is to /ed as )20( au to / 9
£ f 32 15, Euclid, Prop. 15 of V.

THE ROYAL PANARMONION.

The projected erection of the above institution in the neigh
bourboud of the New-road, near to Battle-bridge, has given rt...
to many statements, none of which are correct. The
Panarmonion, which has been projected by Signor Lanza, the
eminent dosing master, will be comprised of an academic theatre
—an elegant sub-cription theatre—a grand panorama—a apaciau.
and splendidly ornamented garden—a grand assembly and con-
cert room—a spacious exhibition room—and numerous leading
reonu and refectories. A dramatic school, where the pupils of
Signor Lanza will be taught singing, elocution, dancing. &c. will
alms be attached to, although apart from, the Royal Panarmonlon.
—The building will front the New-road, and will be bounded
on the west by Argyll-street, and on the east by Liverpool-
street. The front view of the institution will present one of the
most splendid and dusk elevations. ct.mprising the Tuscan and
Doric orders of architecture, surmounted by a dome and orna-
mental figures, that this Metropolis abounds with. This, too,
will be the entrance to the evening subscription theatre, which
will be elegantly and tastefully fitted up for the accommodation
of about 300 persons. There will be no gallery. nor will roomy
be taken at the doors; but subscriptions for the private and
dress boxes and pit can be entered fur the night. In the drys*
circle a most splendid box will be fitted up fur the express re-
ception of his MAJESTY (who has, we hear, graciously conde-
scended to patronise the Institution) and the Royal Family,
which will be used on no other occasion but when honoured
with the Royal presence. Another box will be fitted up for the
Lord Chamberlain and his suite ; and a third will be set up for the
use of the Metropolitan and Provincial Managers of Theatres, who
will have free admission upon all occasions to witness the display of
th.t talent which it may be their desire to obtain. The entertain-
ments to he represented are to comprehend operas and gr.rid haslet
performances, and the theatre will remain open the whole yea:.
The expense of the building, it is estimated, will be ►omethtttg be-
yond £30,000, £20,000 of which are being raised by hoods, '2OO of
which will be £5O racks, and 400 £23 each, bearing interest at five
per cent. It therefore is in great measure a stational under taking.
and consequently merits, what we hive no doubt it will receive,
public patronage and support.

ASTRONOMY.
OCCULT/1116N 01 AI.DCaaCAN AND MIMS rues IT THE 110011 i.
This evening the Star 70 laud will be eclipsed by the Moon's
bright limb at 22 minutes alter midnight, Greenwich time ; it
will emerge front the dark limb at 13 minutes past one ;
teekoning for the vortex, or highest point of the Mum's limb.
toward the west, or right hand ritund t►e circumference, the in:-
inertion will be at an angle of 814 deg., the emersion at 90 deg.
2dly, The star 75 Tauri will pass behind the bloon's bright
limb at 48 minutes past one, and will emerge from the dark lintl•
at 43 minutes past two ; the immersion being at an angk of %.7.'
degrees, the tmersion at 34 degrees. 3dly, The star 0' •I•:uti
will disappear behind the bright limb . t two o'clock in tin
morning, and will re-appear at 17 minutes pa-t two ; the
sion bring at 166 degrees, the emersion at 138 degrees. 4tbly, 'l•he
star 160 of Mayer, will be occulted by the bright limb, at 15 mi-
nutes past two to be seen again on its coming from behind the dal k
limb, at 44 minutes past three : angles of immersion and mit !-
Jun 217 and 100 respectively. Lastly, Aldebaran will in
behind the Moon s bright limb, at 44 minutes past five a.'elocl
and will emerge from the dark limb at one ntinate after w•e. 1,,
the point of its immersion being 254 degrees, and of its :mei si.•.
125 degrees.

THE BRITISH MUSEUM.
During the season that has just closed many valuable present,
Literature. Arts,.Stc. have been added to the Muslin) ..nd
and the number of visitors has been very great. The
books presented by his Majesty to the Library are Es/W.llly
log their appearance. The kiwi desidersii continue► to be 61Icd hl
entries of books supposed to be wanting, but which, w nine V4SC•
of ten, are aheady in the Museum. A paltry theft u?lIt to b.
noticed : daily great numbers of the best phis are pocketed I'l
visitors; and it is cakuisted that a loss of from 101. to it.-
nually sustained in this way.
CORN—'

MARK—L4:ssh, AUG. 21.
Flavin but few haven at market, the Meeting tsso:e was rash, i
dull, and of rousse the sales effected were hut few compared to
last market-day : still Monday's prices were lully suppon,4l fi r
fine samples of Wheat. Grinding Bsrley was sought
lively .ales effected In our last currency. Oats, owing to a a• I
supply, was tattles brisk sale at Monday's prices. to Heat, nu!
Peas nothing doing.

1741011T411201114 SINCE 11ONDAY.
Wheat, English (qrs.) . 1,400; Foreign .
Irish . . I Oau, English .
Foreign . 14,900 Foreign
Barley, English . 3,0110 Irish .
Irish . • Flour (nicks)
SMITHFIELD MARKKT, Ace. vi
CAITL. AT lIIARZICT.

74.;
4.14 u

4

Ream 57
Beef. . 46
Mutton . 44
Lamb . 46
Hay per load.
Straw £2 Os. to

I 1 Sheep 9,580 1 Figsl3o I Calve. 5:4.
01 to 45 4d Veal . . 4s 8d to t
od 4. 61 I Pork . .31 Cd 45 11
841 54 4d 1
3 04. to 44 104. Clover £3 10.. to J ;
£5 51.

COAL bIARIERT—Taits DAT.
HALT-PAST Ors.—Here Were very few merchants the
Exchange to-day ; and, in consequence of thP very supply
both of Sunderland and Newcastle Cosi. bat little businv,i,
done. Only eleven new ships were at market, making a trt.l ...1
the week's arrival of 72 ships.
Ship arrived dudes the resentlttomb,37s.
Best Wallsend Coals 3ss. Od. 535. tid.
Other sorts SOL Od. Els. 6d.
Skips at Market ... 17i.

ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE.

IRD CIRCUIT—HEREFORD, Avows: ie.
DEVEREUX V. VENCOTT.

an action to recover the sum of 201. on an

.y e bill, and the evidence given on the part of the
-gntiff proved the business done, and that the charges
were fair and reasonable. On the part of the defendant
it was alleged that at the time he employed the plaintiff
he was in a state of lunacy, which the plaintiff must have
known. It did not appear, however, that any commission
of lunacy had been issued against him, and the Jury,
therefore, found for the plaintiff.
AUGU sz 19. Thomas Ridge was indicted for steal-
ing five rams, the property of Richard Smith, at Here-
ford. The evidence being insufficient; he was acquitted.
HOME CIRCUIT.—LEWILS, Avaver 19.
Citowir &Dz.—Before Mr.Jostlee PAIL

James Mills,George Moody, and Harriett Bevis, were
indicted—the two former for feloniously breaking and
entering the dwelling house of Richard Buckley Stone,
at Eastbourne, and stealing cloth and other articles to the
amount, in the whole, of 50/. and the latter with receiv-
ing a shawl, part of the property, knowing it to have
been stolen.

Mr. BRODRICK prosecuted and Mr. CLARK sox de-
fended.—The prosecutor's house was broken open on the
7th of last April, and the property in question removed.
It appeared that the thieves had gained admittance by a
window; from this window they had previously broken a
pane of glass ; before they broke it they had stuck a sheet
of brown paper with tar to the glass, so that when it was
broken no noise was caused. A quantity of tar, in per-
forming this operation, had been spilt on the window
stool, and in that were the marks of corduroy breeches
or trousers moved over it. Inquiries were made in all
directions as to who the persons could be who had com-
mitted the robbery, and it was then discovered, that on
the evening previous to the robbery the two male pri-
soners were seen going towards the prosecutor's house at
Eastbourne, and one of them was dressed in corduroy
trousers ; they were accordingly taken into custody, and
then Moody had on a pair of corduroy trousers, on which
were marks of tar, similar to those which would have been
caused by the tar on the window stool in the prosecutor's
house. On one was found a handkerchief, which had
been taken from the prosecutor's house ; and the ether
was proved to have pawned a piece of cloth which was
missing from the same place. As to the female prisoner,
who was a woman of the town, no other evidence could
he adduced against her than that she had pledged a shawl
of which prosecutor's premises had been robbed.
• The Jury found the two male prisoners Guilty, and
acquitted the woman.

Death recorded against the two former prisoners.
Caroline Wood was charged with stealing thirteen
sovereigns and a half, from James Wood, her father, at
Broadwater.

The circumstances of this case were peculiarly dis-
treming. The prosecutor, who is the prisoner's father,
had made several efforts to reclaim his daughter from the
abandoned courses in which she had involved herself, but
without effect. She having committed this robbery on
him, he thought the best he could do was to prosecute
her, and leave it for the discretion of the Court to deter-
mine how she should be disposed of.—Guilty.
Mr. Justice PARK, in most affecting terms, pointed
out the peculiar heinousness of the prisoner's offence ; and
told her that as the most merciful course he could pursue,
and that which was most likely to be beneficial to her,
v. as, to sentence her to seven years' transportation ; he
should write to the Secretary of State, and represent to
hint that this was a proper case for the sentence to be car-
ried entirely into effect.
The prisoner appeared perfectly callous until this sen-
tence was pronounced upon her by the Learned Judge.

MIDLAND CIRCUIT—COVENTRY, Aug. 19.
CROWN ED&
Before the LORD CNISI Eason and a Town Jury.
Elizabeth Carter, an elderly female, was arraigned
upon a charge of having 'wilfully and maliciously caused
the death of a child of five years of age, by cutting her
throat with a razor.

Mr. HILL, the Counsel for the prosecution, called
the witnesses, from whose statements we gathered that
early in the forenoon of the 17th of June last, she
went to the house of a neighbour and asked to have
her child, which was in the habit of coming to stay
at her house. Mrs. Wills (the mother), suffered the
child to go, and about 11 o'clock the prisoner went into
Mr. Coleman's (another neighbour), exhibiting great
alarm and agitation, exclaiming " I am no more ; I am
no more." She had the key of her house in her hand,
which she begged Mr. Coleman to take, as there was
somebody there ; he refused at first, and at length took
it and gave it to his wife. She met Mrs. Wills at the
door and gave her the key, as she feared something had
happened. Mrs. Wills went, unlocked the door, and
called the little girl (who was about five years old) by
name ; she got no answer, and going up stairs, to her
horror saw the infant lying on the floor in a pool of blood.
She shrieked, and instantly assistance came. The pri-
soner all this time was in Mr. Coleman's house, exclaim-
ing incoherently, " What have I done? I am lost for
ever !" and exhibiting such symptoms as induced them to
send for medical aid. Mr. Fitzpatrick (Editor of the
Coventry Observer) and another surgeon were called in,
and she was placed under the former gentleman's care,
who stated in evidence that she exhibited symptoms of
inflammation of the brain, and in his opinion inflamma-
tion of the brain was a primary cause of insanity.
The Mayor of Coventry (Samuel Whitwell, Esq.) cor-
roborated this testimony, the prisoner having been under
his care, as county surgeon, after her commitment on the
Coroner's Inquest; and some witnesses were called by
Mr. Waddington for the defence, who proved her insanity.
The LORD CITIEF BARON summed up the evidence,
and remarked that no doubt could exist in the minds of
the Jury as to the actual commission of the fact by the
prisoner ; but the chief consideration for them was as to
her sanity ; and if from what they had heard they were
of opinion that she was not in a proper state of mind at
the period at which this shocking matter occurred, she
was in effect innocent of the charge.
The Jury, after a short consultation, found a verdict
of Not Guilty, on the ground of insanity.
The prisoner, during the whole of the trial, rocked
herself backwards and forwards in a chair, with which
the hamane Judge had ordered her to be accommodated,
and from what we could learn, this is her usual mode of
behaving herself.

Le Figaro, the most witty and the most spiteful of the
Paris minor journals, appeared on Sunday last with a black mar-
gin, and with this advertisement to its subscribers There is a
talk about the restoration of the Censorship par o►jLmnntses.—As
we have nothing to fear from the tribenals, we declare that we will
despise that measure whenever it shall be adopted. If our press
should be stormed by an attack of the gendamerie, we will cause
our paper to be composed and printed in a cellar. , Our subscribers
may rest quiet under any circumstances; they shall receive our
paper regularly, should we have occasion to print it out of Paris—
even In Belgium."

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jar.c.
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