Star.
London, England, 1820-06-05 00:00:00

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

Saturday, the dispatches for Bengal, by the skip Pheenis,
were closed at the East House, and delivered to the Corn-
sinne-r of that chip. Th following were passengers for Bengal :
*Mr. PRESGRAV F., ASTiIiIN Free Marirer). bilis A. Coor►a.
'lle Sr. George, CuNtaiNuoass, of Greenock, was stranded at
Bermuda; the cargo, mahogany and fusels, was saved.
The Roxana, DavlE., front Liverpool to Boston, was totally
Inst on the Ist of :Way, on Cobascot Rocks, near Boston.—
Cr.w saved.

The Elisabeth, Gcr, from Para, saw on the 11th May, in
lat. 43. '23. long. .:9. 13. and on the 16th, in lat. 45. 16. long. 49.
several of ice ; and on the .10th of May, 140 miles
S.W. of Cape r. fear, spoke the Hope, Gairrerirs, from Liver-
pool for Mara: nam, which vessel had been at Beerhaven, having
Lit her forer.,..st.

.1r sr 2.—Wind S.W.—Arrived the Prince Ernest
pa:ket, with a Mail from Madeira, in twenty days; and Har-
r.lory, Ilcistow, from Poole for Newfoundland.
Pon isuo:•tu, .Inst 4.—Wind W.—Passed by for London
ytsterday. the Tulloch Castle, Gums/6, from Jamaica, out nine
weeks. Sailed, the death Castle, JP:RAIAN, fur London; ADDER,
Lunt, and STARLING, cutters, on a cruize. Sailed today, the
Prince Christian Auguste, Parza.soN, for Norway. Went out of
Harbour, the Four Brothers, for Dantzic ; Royal Sovereign and
William, for Quebec. A large ship is working into Spithead,
taint unknown.—From the genetal attention excited to view
his I.s.•tvrx's yacht, the Prince Regent, it was expected that
her launching, on Tuesday, would attract a great body of spec-
t:-...0r5, and certainly there were never so many persons assembled
in the Dock-yard and parts of the harbour adjacent, to witness
a similar spectacle. The vessel being ornamented with the Na-
tional, Admiralty, and Navy Board colours, and everything
prepared to give due effect to the light, at a quarter before one
L Correial. christened this fine and beautifully ornamented',
vessel, with—" May Success and Prosperity crown the Prince
Regent," and she glided into her native element, amidst reiterated
loud and hearty huzzas. Sir 6/URGE CAmraxxx afterwards en-
tertained a large party of distinction at an elegant Aide-eine, at
which the Duke and Duchess of SAN Caimos, and Prince
CHAULLS A atE DE BROGLIR, General Sir GLORGR Cooa, &c.
were of the party.
DEAL, 1 NY 4.—Wind W.—Came down from the River yes-
Nerday, the England, Rawl and Regret, Wb:LLIIAIIK, for Bom-
bay ; Antaius, Brno', foe Antigua; Segar, Ilext., for Jamaica;
lively, blisciittx, for New Providence; Levant,Winratose,
for Ikrbice ; Brown, PILRERTON, and Drake, [hyrax, for Que-
bec; Canton packet, KING, for Canton; Marianne, PARKIN, for
the Cape of Good Hope; Isaac Todd, Dawiani, for St. JOhn's,
New Brun,wiet ; Perseverance, S•rocatev, for Fayal ; and the
Lady Kennaway. Mar, for the Isle of France, Madras, and
Calcutta. Arrised and sailed for the River to-day, the Percy,
Satzu, from Jamaica; Charles, MILNE, and Dryad, FELL, front
Tobago. Sailed the whole of the outward-bound, except the
Shipley, for New South Wales • Levant, for Berbice ;
for Qo, bee ; Lively, for New Providence; and a few others.
JuNz 4.--Arrived the Tads, transport, from Plymouth
for !lull, with troops.
II JCNS 4.—Win 4 N. W.--Sailed tAg Prince of
Oran;:e packet for Holland, Castlereagh ditto for Cuxhaven,
and .I.me ditto for Gottenburgh; each with a Mail.
RA %P.C.% TX, JUN? 4.—Arrived the England, Bias, froin Lon-
don it r Bombay, and Mary, Durst, from ditto for Sierra Leon%
both with damage, having run fool of each other off Folkstone;
the former has lost. her jib-boom and spritsail yard, and the
latter her topmasts foremast meting, and bows stove.

.

LETTER TO 71118 lOM rya EARL

OF 411ANHOPE.

MY LORD—To be countenanced by y.ur Lordship
on any occasion I consider a greAt honour, and am
highly gratified by the manly and humane sentiments
ex pressed in your last communication; these, together
with the favourable reception you were pleased to be-
stow on several opinions of mine, that have been some
time before the Public, induce me more reaxiily to
obey yonr Lordship's suggestion, in submitting to
you some observations relating to the present state of
the British Em pit e, which are briefly as follows :
FARAIRRS.—Many are, and others will be, ruined
by Poor Rates.
NIERCHANTS.—The manufacturer has become a
merchant, to get rid of his over-stock, and will at all
times sell an overstock at a loss; consequently the
regular metchants losses are certain, since to meet
the market the prices must be reduced from 20 to 30,
or perhaps .50 per cent. and his tisk of being paid
for his articles, even at the reduced prices, is greatly
increased.

TIIE WHOLESALE' TRADER OF CAPITAL-Will be
compelled to decline business by the losses he must
sustain in giving credit, as well as from the value of
his stock being repeatedly reduced.
WHOLESALE DEALERS OF SMALL CAPlTAL—Expe-
rience more losses, in proportion, by trusting men of
less capital, than the large wholesale dealers do; and
as they are frequently obliged m sell, in order to
raise money, great sacrifices must be made to sell an
over-stock in a declining market; in consequence;
they must shortly recur for assistanceias indeed many
of them do now) to the parish, to which, a few
years ago, they cheerfully paid their rates.
It LTA IL DEALERS.—In consequence of want of de-
mand. together with the low prices, their retprns are
become very small ; many of the articles in which
they deal being sold by hawkers, who are employed
by the manuftettner to dispose of his over-stock, so
that the goods go directly from the manufacture:
into the hands of the consumer, through the single'
agency of a hawker; and the whole of the interme-
diate pal ties, such as warenousemen, agents, whole.
sale dealers of large capital, wholesale dealers of
small car ital, and retail dealers, are thus left to live
.eith their families on their ptopertY, or recur to the
arish for supp(lt.
HAWK ERS—Are a: present just able to exist, by
sehing the over-stocks of the manufacturer left from
the market, to the injury of all parties concerned ;
and when the public and consumers are supplied in
this way, how are the intermediate classes of whole-
sale and retail dealers to pay the expenses of their
establishments ?

LARGE MANUFACTURERS, WHO ARE MEN OF CA-
PITA L—Wiil accordingly decline business, or remove
to another country, since in this they cannot carry
it on to advantage, and of course, will not, when it is
evident that they must lose by so doing.
SMALL MANUFACTURERS OF LITTLE OR NO CAPI-
TAL—MUSt non part with their goods at whatever
price they can get, to factors and jobbers, who are
compelled to take every advantage, in order to pro-1
tect themselves, owing to the rapid fall goods are
daily experiencing, in consequence of the introduc-
tion of mechanical power, among which screws and
dies are particularly destructive in the iron trade.
WORKMEN OF MA N UFACTUR ERS.—Workhouses are
now full of these ; and a system of receiving a part of
their wages from the masters, and a part from the
parish, is increasing to an alarming extent. This sys-
tem is so degrading to the minds of these who are
thus paid, that it accelerates the ruin of an immense
proportion of the community.
FA tot E Rs' Lanouazas—Receive their wages in the
same way, and indeed to a greater extent than those
of the preceding class. Instead of living in the far-
mer's house, as formerly, being his servants at all
hours, priding themselves on the good order And
clean appearance of their own persons, and of their
master's cattle under their care, and, having their
living provided for them, being enabled to save a
part of their wages, as a provision for old age, or
against the time they married and bad a family, hey
are now engaged on specific wages and hours of ser-
vice, and care very little about their master's interest,
or the condition of his cattle under their care.—
When cases of necessity for their attendance happen
out of the regular hours, they are seldom to be
found ; and, being driven to resort to the ale-hbuse
for their food, they there spend every farthing of
their earnings, rail at their masters as tyrants, and
acquire habits of profligacy and discontent; while
the more orderly-of them, to obtain some degree of
comfort, and to have a home to which they can retire,
at the close of the day's labour, are impelled to early
and improvident marriage, and rely on the parish to
support their families.
LAND-OWNERS AND STOCK-OWNERS-4.-Will be left
to pay the taxes and feed the people.
'these miseries, as well as many others, are ocea-
sioned by various causes, the last of which, I fear,
admits of no kgislative remedy—l mean the employ-
ment of machinery—though the facts are unques-
tionable, that the machinery at present in the United
Kingdom is capable of manufacturing from ten to
fifteen times the quantity of goods required: and
many of the mechanical powers are so portable, that
they may easily be taken to another cbuntry, where
free men or paupers may work them.
Formerly it required men of ingenuity to make a
key, as well as many other articles which the Eng-
lish were famed for manufacturing; and this inge-
nuity was obtained by men who had served seven
years apprenticeship to learn the art. As long as
England went on this way, and manufacturing su-
perior articles, she had the trade; but now the art
can be carried in the waistcoat pocket, in the shape of
a die or screw, and the people of any country can ma-
nufacture for themselves. But the British people must
be fed; and this ought certainly to be attempted by the
most natural means, the cultivation of the soil, ss hich
will produce both health and happiness, instead of the
misery and want, now so prevalent through the
whole kingdom. The. cry of distress has for some
time been so loud, and the words relief oithe poor,"
so much used, that this is almost become a fashion-
able topic of conversation; but then the fashion is to
call for some specific plan ; and no sooner is any plan
proposed, than sophistry is at work to overturn it.—
The fact, iron ever, is, that proper plans are well
known, did not their simplicity render them doubtful
to some, and contemptible to many. But the srui and.
general principle for- the real relief of the poor is

confined to no particular system, it embraces no com-
plicated machinery, which can be applied only in
particular situations or circumstances. The broad
outline of the plan, in all its shapes, is liberty, en-
couragement, and assistance to manufacturhyg, to the
greatest advantage, the raw materials furnished by
nature, whether found upon or below the surface of
the soil, or in the waters, and is attainable by every
one who has a rood of laud at his disposal, whatever I
may be the situation.
This is abundantly evident to all thtistf-Svhose avo-
cations or localities have given them occasion to re-
flect on the, subject. The great advantage, perhaps
the only one, of any specific plan, would therefore
be, to fora information on those who have never had
any.idea of the matter, on account of their being en-
gaged in other pursuits. But where the facts are
made plain, the ultimate effect of any specific plan
whatever, would, in my opinion, be to produce bene-
volence and liberality, so as to enable the poor man
to be the cultivator of little patches of land, and the
consumer of their produce, without being a burden
to the parish on the one hand, or inhaling the more
opulent and extensive agriculturists on the other, by
reducing the fair market' price of his grain ; for as it
is estravagant to assert that the poor man, because he
may be a customer, can raise the price of grain in the
market without a farthing in his pocket, it is equally
erroneous to suppose that he should lower the price
by consuming the produce of his own field.
The difficulties of all the lower classes at present
are so well known, that I shall not attempt to har-
row up your Lordship's feelings by any recital of the
real distresses of the poor, or of the appalling horrors
that haunt the miads of those, who, till now, have
lived, and Could still continue to live, if not in inde-
pendence, yet with a competency ; but who, in con-
sequence of the increasing overflow of pauperism,
are themselves sinking into the great level of its irre-
sistible flood, and expect no other relief but that of a
workhouse for therhselves and families. In this state
of mind, vibrating between hope and despair, the
unhappy individual becomes an easy prey to the sedi-
tious harangues of Deistical designing demagogues,
whose language and intentions make the most modest
blush, and the timid shudder. While they attempt
to blot nut the sacred record, annihilate social order,
overturn subordination and good government, they
promise to establish in their stead the phantom of
equality, and the vision of complete happiness. The
same or similar notions, however, have been'so
formly promulgated by the seditious and disaffected
of all great nations immediately before their fall, and
the sparkling bubble having so recently burst in a
neighbouring country, it is most devoutly to be
hoped that the pious, the loyal, the good, the rfat,
the noble, the generous, and illustrious sons of Bri-
tain, will not calmly contemplate the approach of
anarchy and despotism, and choose rather to behold
the ruins of their country than resign some private
emolument, to reconcile the disaffected, remove dis-
content, allay animosities, and open a prospect of in-
creasing happiness and freedom. It is yet in their
power, but it may soon be too late, if a contrary
course be taken, or even if that which has been a
'means of our aggrandisement be further pursued
to the extreme, such as removing cottages, laying
waste the vast domains of the hereditary land-owner,
aad throwing the people out of employment. Such
proceedings exhibit the legible features of a declining
nation. As Playfair and other writers tell us, before
the Western Empire fell, property was all in the
Sands of a few ; the great mass of the people was
wretchedly pbor, mutinous, and idle; the land was
in possession of men who had acquired large incomes,
and to whom cultivation was no object. The reve-
nues of the State were wasted on the soldiers, on
shews to keep the people occupied, and in the pur-
chase of corn brought to, Rome from a distance.—
The load of taxes was so great, that the Roman citi-
zens envied the barbarians, and thought they could
not be worse than they were. The ancient noble
f.qnilies still preserved an attachment to their coun-
try, but they had neither wealth, power, nor autho-
rity. In this miserable state of things the poor, for
the sake of protection, became a sort of partizans or
pensioners of the rich, whom they were sEady to serve
on all occasions, so that, except in a few forms, there
was no trace left of the institutions that had raised
the name of Rome, and made the other nations of
the world tremble at her nod :

• What's Rume to me? What have I to do there?
" I, who can neither lie, nor falsely swear !"
.Notwithstanding the unavoidable weight of taxa•
don, it is yet a trifle compared with the ghastly
strides of pauperism, infidelity, and their common
effect—sedition. Employment for the people, there-
fore, is the only sovereign antidote for all these evils;
and the culture of the soil is the only employment
that can be obtained at the present time. This is,
also, the only means of paying the taxes, which may
thus be effected with comparative ease, and certainly
with content.

Many Gentlemen expect too much from Princes
and Ministers of State; and, when they find them-
selves disappointed, are apt to attach blame un- '
justly to men in office, for not doing that which they
never had in their power to accomplish. Notwith-
standing the public clamour against such men, I
firmly believe the Ministers *ho have in succession
directed the affairs of this country for many years,
acted conscientiously, in the way that they believed
would best accord with the wishes of the people and
the general good. But the King and his Ministers
cannot do everything, though their approbation,
Countenance, and encouragement, in their official
and private capacities, from the influence of office
and the superior information they are expected to
possess, are calculated to be highly advantageous, by
inducing others to think and act as they approve; and
the cultivation of the waste lands of the country, by
cottlge husbandry, could not fail to be advantageous.
NThile the cloud that hangs over Mir native land
darkens every point of the political hemisphere--
while the sun of British splendour appears to dip and'
dwindle into a point below the horizon, the voice of
departed years returns in solemn admonition upon
us ; when her glory is departed, and her history to be
added to the catalogue of mighty empires, which ex-
hibit the instability of all human grandeur ; of em-
pires which, after they rose by virtue to be the admi-
ration of the world, stink by corruption into obscurity,
the monuments of whose genius arc all gone, and the
trophies of whose victories are no more; if anything
but contempt for the boasted Constitution remain,
it will be mere display of magnificence in disorder,
majestic desolation—" Babylon tpruins r whet; in

Itbe midst of broken arches, of fallen columns, pos-
terity will trace the monuments of her ancient free-
dom-101;th may HEAVEN long avert, and grant
peace within her walls, and prosperity u ithin her Pa-
laces ; and may the sLamrock, leek, rose, and thistle
entwine, to form the Brunswick wreath to the latest
posterity.
My Lord, I have the honour to he your Lordship's
most obedient and humble servant,
May 29, 1820.

COURT OF CLAIMS.