Star.
London, England, 1828-07-28 00:00:00

FRENCH PAPERS.

•Sltoll THE' ilAnerre DR "quince, JULY 26. • •
BANKS OF THE DANUBE, JuLr 15. •
Letters from Bucharest say that the Imperial Russian
Guards had received orders to proceed; by forced
marches, from Tultschio to join the army of Prince
Wittgenstein. It is reported at Bucharest that on the
29th June a Council of War had been held at the Em-
peror's head quarters, at Karassu, in which it was de-
cided, that as the Porte was preparing to make a serious
resistance to the Russian army,it was proper to employ
all means to penetrate, as loon as possible, to the capital
of the Turkish empire.
The same letters announce, that news has been re-
ceived from Adrianople of the arrival of Hussein Pacha
at Scbumla. The Sililtd.ir of the Grand Vizier has been'
.sent with Hussein Pacha to watch over his conduct ;
for the Porte, though it has great expectations from his
.talents, entertains some su.picions of him, and the coni-
,otand would have-been given to another, but for some'
political considerations.
The reinforcemeots which arrived by way of Adria,
ttlegge arrthe beginning of June, on their Way to Schtimln;
;rico( little importance, -consisting at the most of sixty
Viongiont five hundred artillery men, eight buadred ca-
valry, and four thousand infantry ; the camp can hardly
.amount to tea tbousand men. The Grand Vizier was
.expected at Adrianople, where apartments are prepared
for him.
. It is to be observed that above twenty surgeons, most
of them German, had arrived in that city, to.enter into
the sezvice of the Turks.
CONSTANTINOPLE, Juss 26.
Since the news of the passage of the Danube by the
Russians, the military preparations are observed to be
mare active. We do not, indeed, hear of 'a levy en-
'passe, or of the departure of the Grand Vizier, or of
the hoisting of the sacred standard, bbt certain mea-,
sures have been taken which appear to be the forerun-,
ners of them.
Frequent Councils are held at the residence of the
Mufti; and several nominations to military posts an.,
nounced a•greater degree of activity in the Authorities
,who are charged with the preparations for war. The
March of troops,, the landing of reinforcements from
Asia, the departures of convoys of artillery and ammu-
nition, followed each other without interruption.. Ineir-
der not to be exposed to a surprise on the side of the
Black Sea, a line of telegraphs, or rather signals, has
been established in that direction, between Tanarski and
the c;ty. The garrisons of the forts and batteries on
theßosphorus are doubled and tripled, and several corps
of troops have been stationed Along% the Black Seas as
far-as Varna. - . . • .
The Minister of Denim+ k, 144 his lust audience of
the Grand Vizier on the 16thp Tba..elay, of his audience.
with the Sultan is not yet fixed.
ALEXANDRIA,4IafTh•
A tench prig of war, which arrived yesX;rday from
Polo:, brought news that a brig belonging to our Pacha,
from•MOdou with a cargo of Greek slaves,
bpd. been taken by a Russian frigate, It, is said that
fiWo other vests belonging to the Pacha have had the
same fate. The Russian Consul in, this siimconsin'nes
to have his flag hoisted on his hou,s,and a Russian ship
arrived here to-day from the Archipelago.
The news of the passage of the, grad& by the Au s •
sians has been brought here by a. Tartar from Constan-
tinople.

In the Chamber of Deputies, on- Wedoesdar, M..
Hyde Neuville, Minister of Marine, entered on the
Budget of the Marine, in a speech which was received
with great• applause. The following are the most in-
teresting observations of the Minister:
" I shall limit myself to a concise explanation of the
;system followed up to the present day. of the condition
in which I find affairs, of the measures which I have.
already been. able to accomplish, of those which I react]
upon being able in a short time to accomplish, of the
expenditure which has taken -place in preceding years,
and of that expenditure which I am now forced in con-
sequence to incur ; in short) Gentlemen, I will state to
you facts, ambleave the inferences to be deduced from
them to your wisdom and patriotism.
" Ky.predecessor formed the Admiralty, the marine
force (ks equipages de ligne), and the maritime prefec-
tures. This is an immense service rendered to our navy,
and it will always retain a grateful remembrance of it.
But; Gentlemen, these institutions, which we have so
lung wanted, and which we have obtained after so
much difficulty—so po eiful is the force of ancient
habits, even when we show their abuse and insufficiency
—these institutions, which have become of vital irn,
portance, are yet only in their infancy. We hate laid
the foundation—we have still to form and consolidate
,the superstructure. It is to that object that my efforts
have been-and still must be directed.
" The most valuable uragements are already in force
in the different departments of the Admiralty; and tau
institution, which is strictly conservative, will find in
its final organization all-the. elements of which it stands
in need, not only to create useful doctrines, but also to
relieve them from that deplorable change which I must
bete point out as the greatest defect in a department in
which kis a matter of most. urgent necessity that all its
proceedings should be uniform and consis‘eot.
Is The Minister alone is he ought then to
remain armed with all the authority. with which it has
pleased the King. to invest him. There ought to.be no
impediment to the progreob of his administration ; but
in proportion as the obstrcles which ought to impede
him are small, ought the facility to be great of furnish-
ing him with useful counsels at the time when the emer-
gency of the service may require them. This is made
a point of imperious necessity by the interest of the So-
vereign, by the interest of the country, and I may also
add, by the interest of the Minister, if it be rightly
understood ; for the power of doing good is far better
than the power of doing every thing.
.! An cadet of the King upon the military organisa-
tion and atintinistratioo of the Royal corps of Marines
(equipages (Jive) will soon appear. This order will
contain ;complete account of the method of organizing
these corps, of which the utility is so great. and to de-
monstrible that I should conceive myself sulky of
wasting the time of the Chamber if I were seriously to
deieod an institution so important and so essentially
national.
" Gentlemen, it is a magnificent idea to sweats the
whole of France with our naval glory. I have often
beard it said, that it is unfortunate for our nary that
Paris is not a sea port. Well! if the capital has long
been ignorant of what a ship is, and of the *Anatol

of a navy—if it has been ignorant of all the advantages
which we can derive to our prosperity and to our power
from those seas which surround us, from those noble
harbours created by nature and Louis XIV. all France
will know it now. The children of Neptune, dispersed
throughout the kingdom, will make the navy to be
known, to be loved, and to be respected; and we shall
find in Auvergne, as in Brittany, excellent sailors, just
as we find in Brittany as well as in Auvergne intrepid
soldiers.

" France stands in need-of Union: can any thing be
found more effective in rendering that union lasting
than by making its glories common property ? Let us
cangratulate ourselves on the extinction of the phrase,
• the sea belongs to the Bretons.' At present it be-
.longs to us all—(Bravos). Let a few years elapse, and
then we shall see what these marines are, and what they
can. do. The reporter of your Committee uses this
expression : • In order to let the marines arrive at the
degree of utility of which they are capable, the Minister
mast often recall to the attention of the officers that it
'is sailors and not soldiers that the, have to forM.
• " Let out colleague regain his confidence. The
Minister knows, the Officers of 'Marine know also, that,
the management of small arms, and the exercise of in-
fantry, are only secondary duties with a sailor. Beildes,l
every Frenchman is by instinct a warrior. When, there-
fore, we send him to the sea, we must endeavour first of
all to make a marine of him, and afterwards tb make a
soldier of him too. This is the double object of the order
of which I have been just speaking. The marines of
our vessels will be principally, and without distinction,
employed in every kind of service which belongs to
manoeuvres, to artillery, to steerage, to the preserva-
tion, and to the management of the ship. They
will perform, besides, the service of infantry on boa'rd
the vessels- of war, and in the arsenals, in such st
manner as will make our soldiers marines, and our
Marines soldiers. The thing is possible—let us say,
easy : our conscripts have proved it, and I can say,
without exaggeration, that they will know in a few
months how to mount the masts, just as they would
know on the‘first day of their service, if it were neces-
sary, to mount to the assault. Ah, Gentlemen, what is
there that a Frenchman cannot do, when his intelligence
is applied to 'purposes of utility, and when his courage
is really excited? It is these marines of ours, so recently
formed, that achieved the triumph of Navarin. It is
tsue that they were nobly commanded. Yes, Gentle.
men, every chief, every officer acted like an example to
them, and on that day all' of them conquered.
" A few more observations on t'sese marines. This
institution will.make us find sailors, and excellent sailors,
in every part of France.
" I calculate that 20,000 men will be wanted for
them in time of peace-13,000 for the fleet, and 7,000
fi.r the garrisons of the naval fortresses. Should war or
extraordinary circumstances surprise us,•land troops
May supply the seven thousand marines who are in our
harbours, and we shall then have immediately seven
thousand marines more. Commerce car. but gain by
the 'formation of these corps of marines. Commerce
is *ltem much inconvenienced, as you know, when
we take from its employment a number of sailors.—
The time viill Come when we shall be able to fur-
nish it with sailois, and with excellent sailors too.—
Ooserve too, Gentlemen, that in forming marines, we
create lasting professions. The soldier, in returning to
tine fire-side of. his family, otten finds himself without
an occupation. After eight years' service on board curl
.the sailor. full qt 4: ens* and of life, will be
courted' and sought for ht our merchants. The ocean
is a vast field which his courage may always expli re:
during war, glory—during peace, industry—will ani-
mate the marine. He is therefore Always sure of being
employed, and of being able to serve his country. A
draught of an ordinance (a work of great eitent and
long wanted) relative to the service of the marine iu
the maritime districts, has just been completed. This
ordinance will define in a ciear and precise manner the
amount of service required from each district. It will
put an end to the uncertainty, to the confl cts, to the
possible abuses of authority—it will simplify the
wheelworks of administration—it will render its super-
intendence more sure and more active—it will. in a
word, secure in our harbours the punctual execution of
the regulations and the laws of the kingdom.
"The King, in his paternal goodness, has deigned to
cast- an eye of favour upon the cabin of the modest
fisherman ; he wishes to give consolation to his poverty,
and the ordinance of the 29th of last June completes
the benefit of that of the 12th of March, 1826. You
know, Gentlemen, the actoal state of our navy; we
have afloat and building 336 vessels, of which 53 are
ships of the line, and 57 frigates. Of these 53 vessels
7 are at sea, and titre.: soon will be, 23 are laid up in
ordinary, and 20 are on the stocks. Of the frigates, 36'
are at sea, or ready for it, 18 are building, and of these
4 mil be immediately equipped and afloat:
" Every year the navy has complained, and has had
reason to complain, of the insufficiency of its budget.
Every year that insufficiency has been acknowledged :
and in reminding you that my predecessor was com-
pelled to renounce the useful expenditure which would
nave required above 13,000,000 expenses, in which are
included the provisioning of the reserve, your reporter
adds, • To renounce the supply for the reserve is to
sacrifice the future for the present:
" I state to you, that the French navy is that which
costs the least. The budgets of every country prove
this, and a few short observations would serve to de-
monstrate the fact. However, to be brief, I shall here
take for terms of comparison only those Powers whose
naval force most generally fixes attention.
aWe have afloat, or on the stocks . .536 vessels.
" England has . . • . 600
The United States have . . 53
"Of this number France has . . 53 ships of the line:
England has . . . . . .141
" The United States have . . 12
aOf this same number France has . 55 frigates.
" England has . . . . 142
66 The United States . . . . 17
" Total ships of the line and frigates in France .

. 308

England . . 283
the United States 29
14 Now, whether we take for the term of comparison
the whole of the vessels afloat or building in the three
countries, or whether we confine ourselves to ships of
:the line or frigates only, it will be found that we always
•do the most with the least expense.
is This, Gentlemen, is a fact which I can prove. A
.Commodore of the United States, an excellent seaman
and an enlightened naval adthinistrator, has declared,
after visiting our maritime establishment!, atter ad.
miring those fine pore which.sotroudly declare the

power of our Kings, that he could not conceive how the
French marine could accomplish and maintain so many
things with its Budget. Compare, Gentlemen, the pay
in each country. Compare also the number of officers,
and say whether there be any abuse or superfluity with
us. We have 30 General Officers—we had 64 in 1787:
accordir)g to the preceding comparison, and adopting
the,caluulation which is least favourable to us, England
ought to have eighty—whereas she has 215. France
has 80 Captains of ships of the line, and in 1787 she had
123. England, abiding always by the same data,
should have 220—she has,Bso. We have 120 Captains
of frigates, England has 868 Commanders who are of
the corresponding rank. Qui Lieutenants and Ensigns
united amount to 728 at 'newt, Englied has 3,710
Lieutenants, and 543 masters. I would observe, that
the United States had, even so far back aslBlB, as may
be seen in Seybert, more Captains than they have even
at present ships and frigates. They have nearly as
many Masters and Commanders as Captains, nearly 2CO
Lieutenants, and more than• 400 Midshipmen."
FIINSR Fuwns, July 25.—Five per Cats. 10.5 f. 95c. tog.—
Mare per Cents. 72f. 45c. 40c. 45c.—Bink Shares, inst.

• GERMAN PAPERS.

QONSTANTLNOPLE, Just 26.
Nothing more strongly marks the nature of the
Turkish character than the indifference with which the
Mussulmen attend to the celebration of the Bairam, and
make the public, which have no very favourable ap-
pearance, subordinate to the precepts of..the Koran, At)
the great detriment of the nation. The Reis Effendi
has received no communication from the Foreign Lis-
gations since the 23d of this month, and means to let
all business remain untouched till the end of the Bairam.
The laic note that he received from the Arabassador pf
the Netherlands, and which again related ;uthe veturn
of the Ambassadors to Constantinople, was t f tbeinth,
and is said to be so far interesting, as it again shuivad
the Porte hose little it had to hope from the proposa)s
and invitations sent to Corfu, and the infnentes Which
it drew from the conference of Admiral de Rigay with
Hussein Pacha, were founded in a misunderstanding.
The discontent which the Reis Effendi generally astni-
tests as soon as any thing is touched. upon that relates
to the Treaty of the Gth of July, is said to have mani.
fesced itself in a remarkable manner. Oa that day tie
answered that he knew of no misunderstanding to be
cleared up—that the Porte was always accustomed to
think before it acted—that if the Sultan and his ser-
vants could have imagined that no satislactoly answer,
would be given to the letters of . the Ambassadors of
England and France, which were written in ,a spirit of
friendship, they would have left it to time to determine
the resolutions of the Powers. These wnrds of the Ot-
toman Minister, which spread like wild-fire from mouth
to mouth, of course took away all credit frorn't 'report
that was generally-circulated, that- the two Ambassa-
dors had already arrived. at SIN and would immedi-
ately arrive here with the Treaty of the Pith of JUly atl
their hands, with the intention of' cengrittn an ander.
standing with the. Porte; and at..tbe -same time a con-
viction arises that the Porte is not yet •sennibitefits
situation, and though deprived of all foreign, support,
. yet places itself in opp,sitiOn to its National Mites, and
means t maintain the contest with Russia.
Tire accounts from Greece, respecting- the result
the offer of an amnesty, are very unwelcome. The
Greek Bishops who were sent on the mission had no
opportunity to address themselves to the nation, but
were dismissed by Count Capo dist, ia, whi► said to
them, " Go back to the place whence you came, *sod
tell the Sublime Porte that the Greek natiop requires
no pardon, and that it has purchased its freedom too
dearly again to sacrifice it to vain and unseasonable
promises." The Bishops, in fact, left Poros on the Sth,
and are on their return.