Star.
London, England, 1829-10-15 00:00:00

BEDFORD,simr.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE STAR.
Reerahoit, Woburn, Beds. Oct. 13.
Sir—There is a paragraph in your Paper of Saturday,
10th of October, concerning the Everaholt Charity. c:11-
culated to make an unfavourable impression on the minds
of the public by the implied charge of mal-administra-
tion which it seems to convey, and which is, as v-e hope
to convince you, utterly unfounded.
This Estate—consisting of a good farm, of a public
house, and of several cottages, produces a yearly income
of 1501. not 1321.* only, as you have erroneously stated.
The manner in which this income to be applied by
the Trustees is correctly given in your paper :
let. For the Reparation of the, Parish Church.
std. For the Relief of the Poor People.
3d. For the Aid and Ease of the Parish in their Common Town
°tarps.

These conditions, as required by the award, are now,
and have been in preceding years, regularly observed.
First,—By yearly payments to the Churchwardens for
the reparation of the parish church, varying according to
the ;unount of their reasonable demands.
Secondly,—By a distribution on St. Thomas's Day of
one hundred of coals, severally to one hundred po.tr
funilies and upwards, together with a donation of one
shilling to each separate family.
Thirdly,—By furnishing cottages and rooms to twenty -
orie poor families, some paying a small yearly rent. and
others, the greater part of them occupying their tone-
nrnts rent-free.
Up to the year 1807, the average yearly income of our
Town-Estate did not exceed 801. In 1809, by an Act.
of Inc!owe, heavy expences were necessarily incu.r.ll
in order to improve the condition of the Town-Farm, and
Off..e,, and also that of the Public-house. To ni4-ct
these limands, the Trustees borrowed the sum of 56;1i.
at five per cent. In 1823, four extensive repairs :IA
improvements were made to the tower and the pari-,l;.
church ; and upon this occasion, several payments, -
geth,!r amounting to 1401. were advanced out of I,tt
proceeds of the Town-Estate.
The interest upon the debt of 5601. has been reguilly
paid, and the principle is now reduced to 2501.
The accounts of the charity recorded in our Tor. a -
book, have long since received the sanction of two Com-
missioners appointed under the Act of Parliament thr t 1;.!
inspection of Charities ; but if any scruple still remains
on your mind unsatisfied, these accounts are at all times
open for your investigation.
We big leave to assure you that we are by no meati-;
unfriendly to the just and benevolent motives which havt,
urged you to your present undertaking, namely—" That
of circulating, from time to time, Abstracts of Returns
made to the House of Commons from the Charitable In-
stitutions throughout England"—and therefore cantle;
conclude this letter without expressing our strong sense
of the obligation we own to you, Sir, and to the public
Journalists in general, for the ready means which tl y
afford to the community at large, of obtaining a know •
ledge of the administration of public charities, and of tl;
legitimate purposes to which they are, or ought to
applied.
You will confer a kindness on the undersigned Trustees
of the Eversholt Charity by giving this letter a place it:
your widely extended Paper.
We remain, Sir. your obedient servants,
JAMES REED, Rector of Eversholt.
G. VIYNTER,
U. T. JAMES, Towninnen.
• This is the sum returned to Parliament by Mr. TRIED PICA ass.
-Editor ,f Bras.

THE TURN-OUT.

We had the pleasure to announce, in a second edition
of our last number, the termination of the long and harassing dis-
pute between the master cotton-spinners and their workmen, by
the submission of the latter to the terms of their employers. That
this would be the Issue of the turn-out it was not difficuh to fore-
see, and it is only to be regretted that the wotkmen should have
persisted so long in a struggle which, from the first, appeared so
hopeless, and which exposed them to much inconvenience, and
many severe privations. Hut the sufferings of the spinners, unfor-
tunately, were not the only consequences of their unhappy reso-
lution. It brought great distress upon thousands of people who
were scarcely, if at all, interested in the question. Men,women,
and children, variously employed at weekly wages, were, as much
against their consent as their Interest, at the same time deprived
cal their means of support The very long period (of twelve years)
which had elapsed since they last reduced the wages of their work-
people, may be considered a proof of the desire of the master-
spihners to give the best terms their business would afford ; and
we have no doubt that the resolution to lower them was forced
upon them by circumstances which they could nut controui. Nut
while we admit the necessity of such a course, in the present in
stance. we cannot shut our eyes to the evil consequences which
the practice of reducing wages is calculated to bring not only upon
the workmen, but eventually upon the spinners and manufacturers
themselves. It is probable that the effect of the present reduction
will be to cause a diminished expenditure of five hundred poun.!‘
per week; and, consequently, to the.sune extent, .there will be a
diminished demand for fond and clothing.
This is a serious evil; hut, if the reduced income of a thousand
cotton-spinners can produce such an effect, what must be the Ines
sustained by the trade and manufactures of the country from the
present condition of the hand-loom weavers? Such considerations
ought to be deeply impressed upon the mind of every master before
be reduces the wages of his workmen ; but in the pressure of tem-
porary distress they arc unfortunately lost sight of, and the e
-
forts of the workman arc too generally made the first sacrific- to
the exigencies of the moment. We are the advocates of high
wages, because the prosperity of our manufactures must be pro-
pot tinned to the circumstances of the consumers; and as the lower
orders form a large majority of the people, on the means which
they possess to become purchasers must, in a great degree, depend
the success of every branch of the national industry. We are per-
fectly sensible of the dithculties which, in the present state of our
commerce, oppose themselves to an attempt to force up the remu-
neration of labour; but the considerations we have suggested will,
we hope, in some degree, tend top its further decline. Above
all, we trust there is no foundation for a report which we'have
heard, that it is the determination of the country spinners to make
such reductions as will enable them to stand in the same relative
situation to the Manchester spinners as that which forced 'Witter
to lower the wages of their wookmen _jdatteseatee ountee.
STATE fly 'f A DF.. —We are extremely glad to stile
that the improvement which we mentioned in our last has, beets
fully maintained, and we are glad to say it has been experie-ced
most seniibly in a description of goods which most of all required
it—namely, the inferior description of band-made calteors. We
hope the improved demand for cloth of this description will enable
the manufscturers to add a trifle to the very low wages which the
weavers have of late received. The silk trade, too, has been ex-
tremely brisk this week ; and the warehouses of the manufacturers
have been almost entirely cleared of their stocks of sonnets at,d
gros de Naples ; indeed, the silk trade has been for some time no a
• , healthy and promising state is this neighbourhood, and no want cat
employment has been experienced amongst the weavers.—Mae.
cheater Mercury.

A person visiting Luton copied the following sitrular
inscripdon from a gravestone there:—
Reader, I've left a world in which
I had a world to do ;
Sweating and fretting to be rich,
Just such a fool as you.
The Rev. Dr. Goodwyn has bequeathal 1,000/. to the
Surolk Hospital.—sr feint Hemel.
STRAII CARR) AGE.—A series of interesting expo: i-
meats were made on Saturday, with a new Steam Car-
riage belonging to
.Sonhilts ANDERSON, Bart. and
W. H. Ism Es, Esq lhe Vauxhall, Kennington, and
Clapham roads, with the view of ascertaining the practi-
cal advantages of some perfectly novel apparatus attached
to the engines ; the results of which were so satisfactory,
that the proprietors intend immediately establishing se-
veral stage coaches on the principle.

~I

LIVERPOOL, OCTOBER 12.

120

142

TRIAL OF LOCOMOTIVE CARRIAGES.
understand tha the great superiority which " The
:y" possesses over the other locomotive steam-carriages
exhibited on this occasion consists in having a pair of bel-
constantly in action, the blast from which keeps the fire
• and the steam up, whilst the machine is running. The ad-
., is. we believe, quite a novelty in the steam-engine. On
ednesday, it is said, the valve of the bellows burst; and the
tt resented the machine from exercising until the injury
be effectually repaired. The Novelty possesses this valuable
alty, that it carries within itself the water and fuel neees-
ins its operations, while such engines as that of Mr. Stephen-
require to have a separate engine-tender linked to them,
'• tender commonly weighs of itself about two tons. The
: of it is stated to be 3 tons 7 cwt, but, as there is included in
io weight of tank and coke baskets and their contents, we
• ither to deduct the latter when comparing The Novelty
;tiler engines, or add to the weight of other engines the
c of their engine-tenders. The comparison would, in this
.land thus :
Novel:y, including all its material—that is to} 3t 7e Oq
i.s whole working power exerted, weighs—
;cket without its tender 4t 3e Oq
:he weight of its tender .....1 14 3
5 17 5

Difference in favour of The Novelty ..... 2 10 5
se boiler of The Novelty is altogether of a peculiar construe-
for which Messrs. Braithwaite and Ericson have a patent,
the nature of that construction we have not any accurate
formation. If we may judge, however, from the performances
' - engine—and it is well known that the efficiency of an en-
depends more on the boiler than on any other part—the
of construction must involve some new and very valuable
principle.
Mr. Stephenson's engine, the Rocket, weighing 4 tons 3 cwt.
performed on Thursday the work required by the new conditions.
The following is a correct account of the performance :—The en-
gine, with its complement of water, weighed 4 tons 3 cwt. and
the load attached to it was 12 tons 15 cwt. and with a few per-
sons who rode, made it about 13 tons. The journey was 11 mile
each way, with an additional length of 220 yards at each end to
.:op the engine in, making in one journey 31 miles. The first ex-
periment was for 35 miles, which is exactly 10 journeys, and, in-
cluding all the stoppages at the ends, was performed in 3 hours
and 10 minutes, being upwards of 11 miles an hour. After this a
fresh supply of water was taken in, which occupied 16 minutes,
when the engine again started, and ran 35 miles in 2 hours and
52 minutes, which is upwards of 12 miles an hour, including all
stoppages. The speed of the engine, with its load, when in full
motion, was from 14 to 17 miles an hour, and, had the whole dis-
tance been in one continued direction, there is no doubt but the
result would have been 15 nines an hour. The consumption of
coke was very moderate, not exceeding half a ton in the whole 70
miles. At several parts of the journey the engine moved at 18
miles an hour.
Mr.Hackworth's Darlington engine was withdrawn, on account,
we believe, of sonic part of it failing accidentally out of order. It
is nearly of the same size and weight as Mr. Stephenson's, and,
like that engine, requires the addition of an engine-tender to carry
its water and fuel. Judging from several short trips which it per-
tormed on the rail-road by way of exercise, we should pronounce
it to be a machine of great power.
It had been arranged that the London engine was to start on
Saturday morning ; and accordingly, at the appointed hour, the
engine was weighed, and the load assigned to it by the judges. The
steam was got up in 54 minutes from the time of lighting the fire.
The engine went one trip by way of rehearsal, when the accidental
explosion of a small copper tube caused a delay until it could be re-
patted : by the time matters were adjusted, it was considered too
late to commence the running with a view to a decision. We shall
presently add a few words on the subject of these accidents to the
London engine. Between the occurrence and the repair of this
little mishap, Mr. Stephenson's locomotive engine was run twice
down the course and back, making in all seven miles. The boilers
were filled, the steam got up, and all load was taken off from be-
hind, including even the tender-carriage with the water-tank.—
Thus stripped for the race, the Rocket was started off, and per-
formed the seven miles in the incredibly short space of 14 minutes,
being at the rate of 30 miles in an hour. This was a highly inter-
esting exhibition, and gave universal satisfaction, tending, as it
does. to prove that the power of locomotive engines has been under.
rated fully one-half, and leading us to hope that, when all the merits
cf the various engines now exhibited and elsewhere existing shall,
as they most undoubtedly will, be combined in one new and com-
plete locomotive power, them will be no desirable velocity that
cannot be attained ; and that, having, for all practical purposes,
perfected the speed of the machines, any further augmentation of
its powers will be exclusively appropriated to enabling it to carry
additional weight, and to ascend inclined planes.
When the Rocket had run, the Novelty started in order to
make a fair experiment of her powers, her load being attached.
We have been favoured by Mr. Vignoles, the engineer, with the
following record of the weights and performances of the Novelty.
From Mr. Vignoles' situation, riding on the engine and timing it,
and from the detailed statements given, this may be looked upon
as authentic :
Weight of the engine, as ascertained from Tons. Cwt. Qrs. Lbs.
Pickford's receipt for its carriage per
canal from Liverpool lb 0
Water in the boiler, 45 gallons of 282 cubic
inches, say 10Ib. per gallon .. 0 4 0 2
Weight of the water-tank and stays .... 0 2 2 0
Water in the tank, 20 cubic feet, at 621b5.. 0 11 0 12
Coke baskets and sacks 0 0 0 20
Four baskets of coke at 42Ibs.

2 lb 0 0

Total weight of working power, including
its complement of fuel and water........ 3 14 1 6

Persons on the engine—Mr. J. Braithwaite,
103 st. Capt. Ericson, 12st. and Envie-
man. 12st.

Persons on the waggons.Mr.Vignoles, 9st.
Mr. A. Braithwaite, 14st. Mr. S. Braith-
waite, 13st. and Mr. Cooper, 11 /Ist—. 0 5 3 21

Load assigned by the judges ..... ......... .. 6 2 0 0

Total weight of the engine and load .... 10 0 1
Diameter of each of the cylinders of the engine, 6 inches.
Length of the strokes, 12 inches.
Diameter of the wheels, 4 feet 2 one-tenth inches.
Pressure not to exceed 50Ibs. per square inch.
The engine was brought up near the starting-post a few minutes
before three o'clock ; and the rate of its speed, loaded u above de-
tailed, is recorded in the following tables, in which the time indi-
cates the moment of her passing each post. The distance between
posts 1 and 2, and between posts 8 and 9, is only one furlong (x2O
yards), being the space allowed to acquire and check the engine's
velocity after and previous to turning : the distance between all the
other posts is precisely a quarter of a mile (440 yards).
EASTWARD TRIP.
11. iil. S.
2 59 10—starting post 1
2 59 51—judges' tent
3 0 50—bridge matt
3 1 36—grand stand post 4
3 2 22—quarter p05t..... 5
5 3 s—quatter post 6 140
5 5 47-10-milepost
3 4 :SO—judge's post
2 4 57—turning post 9
Pressure always under 50Ibs. per square inch.
The engine went off from the starting-post at the rate of 12
miles an hour, and her velocity rapidly increased during the whole
trip.
By the above tablet it will be seen that the distance between
the 9 and 'lO mile marks was performed in 3 minutes and 7 se-
conds, and the mile between the quarter post, near the grand stand
and the judge's tent at the eastern end of the course, was run in
2 minutes and 54 seconds, while the last half mile was performed
in 35 seconds, being at the rate of 21 I.6th miles per hour. The
whole time between the tents of the judges at each end, being
exactly 1/ mile, was performed in 4 minutes and 39 seconds, being
at the rate of 17/ miles per hour.
The gentleman at the brake of the wheel not being sufficiently
experienced, the engine was not checked so soon as it ought to
have been on the return, and went beyond the level part of the
road, not being stopped until it bad got some yards down the
eastward inclined plane; upwards of 2/ minutes were lost in
consequence. On returning, the following was the record of the
WESTWARD TRIP.

Strokes per minute.

Strokes per minute

H. N. S.
3 8 7—starting post 9
3 8 49—judbee tent .... 8
5 9 50-10-mile post 7
5 19 49—quarter post 6
3 11 49—quarter post 5
3 12 49—grand stand post 4
3 19 47—bridge mark.. 3
5 14 43—judgee tent 2
3 15 28—starting post 1
Pressure always under 50Ibs. per square inch.

110

110

110

The following calculation was made by Mr. Vignole ind by Mr.
Price, of Neath Abbey :
" The maximum number of strokes was 142 per minute, while
440 yards were traversed in 43 seconds. Diameter of wheels, 50.1
inches—circumference, 157.1 inches. 157414142 equal to 621
yards, being the velocity per minute of the circumference of wheel,
or 21 miles, and 300 yards per hour. Then as 60 seconds : 621
yards : : 43 seconds : 445 yards.
Thus the calculated distance of the run (considering the whlel
as a perambulator) agrees within five yards with the space actually
passed over, and this difference may arise from the must trifling
inaccuracy of noting the time ; a quarter of a second at each end
being sufficient to produce this discrepancy, so that it may tairly
be concluded, that there was no slipping of the wheels at a velocity
of nearly X:: miles an hour, with a load. It should be remembered,
tbat this experiment was made on a dead level, and that the rails
could not be said to be wet, although from the appearance of the
morning, they might be called damp.
On returning, the speed was slackened and it will be perceived,
that the rate was nearly uniform. The whole distance 01 one mile
and a half between the tents of the judges, was performed in five
minutes and 54 seconds, being at the rate of nearly 15i miles an
hour. The first mile was precisely at the rate of 15 miles an hour.
and the last quarter was dune in 56 seconds, being upwards of 16

milt. an hour-.
There is no doubt that, on a continued forward journey, The
Novelty would have freely travelled at the rate of 20 miles per
hour. The average rate of her two trips was nearly 16i miles an
hour ; and, even including the stoppage of almost three minutes,
at the top of the inclined plane, at the rate of 13 miles an hour,

loaded always.
The Novelty, after this highly interesting experiment, ran down
to the grand stand, with empty waggons, and then a large assem-
blage of ladies and gentlemen mounted, among whom we noticed
Dr. Traill and his family. The doctor timed In speed of The
Novelty while running the full course, and it appahrs to have ave-
raged 22 miles an hour, with 45 passengers, and at one period
carried the same passengers at the inconceivable velocity of 32
miles an hour. The Novelty ran over the course twice, the expe-
riments ceased, and the company hastened back to town, to await
the races of this week, with ae impatience only to he conceived
by those who saw with their own eyes what locomotive engines
can do,
Having now recapitulated the whole of the proceedings of the
week, we will recur to the circumstances of the several petty acci-
dents which have befallen the London engine, belonging to Messrs.
Braithwaite and Erickson ; and our reason for doing so is, that we
hear that some prejudice has arisen reflecting on its strength and the
durability of its speed. This is, perhaps, the first locomotive engine
on the novel principle of carrying its own fuel and water. At all
events, it is the first locomotive engine these gentlemen ever con-
structed, and it was four months after the appearance of the ad-
vertisement offering the premium that they first thought of apply-
ing the principle of their patent boiler to generate locomotion on a
railway. This having been determined on, it naturally required
some time to digest and dispose the application of the principle, to
study the form and arrangement of the engine, and to reduce all
these to working drawings. It was only on the Ist of August that
The Novely was put into band, and on the 29th of September it
arrived by the canal at Liverpool! It was never even tried until
two days before the first day's contest. Under all these circum-
stances, we are led to wonder at its success, rather than to suffer
any distrust to arise in our mind upon it because •a few screws may
have been loose, a wrong valve turned by an inexperienced assistant,
or too much or too little impetus given to a machine, the facilita-
tion of whose performances, on such a railway as this, could-not be
conceived by the ingenious inventors of this beautiful piece of ma-
chinery. Without any invidious comparison, we may say that Mr.
Stephenson has been making locomotive engines for many years;
that he has been more especially contemplated bringing forward a
locomotive engine for thit railway ; that he knows well the effect,
and is well accustomed to travel such engines along a rail-road; and
that more e,pecially, we may presume, he has had opportunities of
exercising his engine.
Thus far as between Mr. Stephenson and M . Braithwaite
and Ericson :—but; the engines of Mr. Burstall and Mr. Hack-
worth yet remain to be tried, and, if we are rightly informed,
both of these engines are likely to come up to the conditions re-
quired by the original terms and by the rules of the judge*: It
appears to us to be quite possible that all the four engines may
stand in such a position that, if only one had appeared, it would
have been entitled to the prize, as having fully answered the con-
ditions. What decision must, then, be made? We have not in-
cluded Mr. Brandreth's highly ingenious machine, The Cycluped,
among these, because it must be evident to himself that, at pre-
sent, it cannot competo in speed with *leant power, though there
are a variety of uses to which, and places where, it may and will
be applied.
We believe that an expectation very generally prevails, that the
Directors of the Rail-way will gratify the public by appointing a
day, after the respective locomotive carriages have performed their
tasks on which all the carriages which have exhibited during the
trial may exhibit, for a short time, both with and without their
weights. Such au exhibition, besides gratifying thousand, of per-
sons, would prove the utility of rail-ways, the incredible celerity of
the locomotive steam-carriages, and above all, their safety as vehi.
des for the conveyance of passengers. These considerations will,
we trust, induce the Directors to appoint a day for the exhibition,
as on Tuesday, of all the loc..motive carriages now on the course.
We have much pleasure in stating, that, notwithstanding the ve-
locity with which the engines moved, and the crowds of people
which covered the course every day since Tuesday, rot the slight-
est accident occurred to mar the interest of the scientific experi-
ments which have been made on the rail-way. On one occasion,
a man fell, by some accident, within the rails, when Mr. Hack-
worth's steam-carriage was appinaching with great rapidity ; but,
having had the presence of mind to lie down, the machine passed
over him without doing hint any injury.
The following is stated to be the order of competition for next
week :
On Monday, the definite trial of Mr. Burstall's engine, with its
proportionate load.
Tuesday, the definite trial of Mr. Hackworth's engine, with its
proporto nate load.
And on Wednesday, the definite trial of The Novelty, with the
load before stated in detail.
It is understood that, after the trials are all gone through, a race
will take place between several of the engines, particularly between
The Rocket and The Novelty.
We cannot conclude this detailed account with expressing our
hi pe that the Directors will offer another prize for an improved
engine, and will lay down the rules with a distinctness admitting
of no misinterpretation of the conditions. We trust, coo, for the
good of science, and for the satisfaction of the company—we may
° say of the world, that they will, as soon as practicable, make expe-
riments with every engine, at every rate of speed, and with maxi-
mum and minimum loads, not only on the dead level of the pre-
sent road, but up and down the inclined planes of Rainhill and
Sutton, which are 1 in 96, and even on the incline of the Tunnel,
which is 1 in 46; and that they will try them on the other parts
of the Railway, sone of which, we understand, rise or fall more
than five feet in a mile.—Liverpool Albion.

Yesterday morning, the following distressing accident
befel a Miss English, and another young lady, with whose name
we are unacquainted, on the road to Dulwich. The two ladies
were in a vehicle, with a servant in a box behind, and Miss Eng-
lish was driving at the rate of about eight miles an hour. On the
other side of Camberwell, the off-rein became unbuckled • the
animal started off at full speed, and the servant from behind
alighted, but he was unable to keep pace with the horse, and the
vehicle was at fength overturned, by which Miss English had her
arm broken, and her head fractured. She was conveyed home
without the slightest hope of recovery. The other lady hung close
to the upper part of the vehicle when it was overturned, and es-
caped without any serious injury.
EXTENSIVE ROBBERY AT TH CROSS KEYS,
Gitacecncecii-sraser.—Last week an extensive robbery was com-
mitted at the Cross Keys. Gracechurch-,trees, when property to a
considerable amount was taken away belonging to Sir Charles
Flint, Bart. The robbery was effected in the following daring
manner, in broad day : It appeared that Lady Flint, who
is at present residing at Sandgate, being about to return
to her town r, sidence, bad given directions for a quantity of
property of various descriptions, consisting of plate, books, wear-
ing apparel, &c. to be sent immediately to town. Thirteen
packages of property were accordingly nude up,, and sent
by the Folkston, Van, which stops at the Crass Keys, directed to
her Ladyship's residence in Queen-street. The property was ac-
cordingly deposited in the warehouse. Shortly afterwards a gen-
teel rtspectabk looking nun came to the booking-office, and taking
a paper from his pocket, said to the book-keeper, " Those thirteen
packages for Lady Flint, you need not send to Queen-street, as a
cart will call fur them this afternoon." The reply was" very good,"
and the man departed. In the afternoon another, man, like a car-
man, came to the office with an empty cart and satjhepad come for
Lady Flint's thirteen packages, and asked what there was to pay for
the carnage. The bookkeeper. replied 21. ls. was instantly
paid, and a receipt given for the money. , 701. ciaf nett ten' drove
his cart into the inn-yard, and received the packagsst his cart
and drove away. Afte,r a day us two an enquiry was Made at the
Cross hays by Lady Flint's servants, to know if secli ack ages had
not been received from Sandgate, when they were informed that
they had been delivered up in the manner above 4escribed. Infor-
mation was immediately given to the police, itti.d Ivinex, sn.officer
belonging to Queen-square Police-offic, has been employed for
several days in endeavouring to trace the derredator4, but hitherto
without success.

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.111
1,1
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