The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1852-05-25 00:00:00

specification was known before the date of his patent. If they per annum. Mr. -WITHERS retires, having earned
thomzbt it was, they would find that issue for the defendant ;
by his urha9yand his eminent business habits, the
and if they thoaght it was not,they would find it for the plaintiff.

The third and 'fourth issues were substantially the same, being
that Mr. Milner was not the inventor, and the invention was
not new. _ If Mr. Milner was the inventor, the invention was

new; and if he was not the inventor, it Was not new. Then
came the issne of whether it was useful, and he must say he
had been astonished to find such strong evidence of its useful-
ness. Up to this hour he bad no idea that there were any
iuman means of so effectually preserving papers from the
are. t appeared that, by means of the condensation
tam, the papers enclosed in the inner box were rendered
Ast. It was a comfort for one to know that there was an in-
ention, by which valuable documents might be rendered secure,
eg the terrible calamity of fire breaking out in a
igh the defendant had thought fit to say it was
he was re:111v at a loss to say what evidence there
any doubt as to its utility ; but the question was
e. Now came the direction be should give them
and in this they must be guided by what he said.
-,ight be an infringement, although the de-
els. pipes, or tubes for containing the
: but lie only said that it

tion of

standir.
Altbot

nt did not use Yes

V necessary that the defendant should us

vial vessel
was suffici

s, but they were to conside
ent to convince them that th

defendant had infringed the patent. They would bear in mind
that respectable professors from King's Collette, and other
seminaries of learning, had been called for the defendant, and
they would consider whether they disproved the infringement.
Tann's patent could only be evidence on the ground of infringe-
ment, for it was not taken out until nearly four years after
Nfilner's; but if, as it would appear that Harrison sold Tann's
boxes, he could not say that they were not to look to Tann's
specification, if they came to the conclusion that tne noxes made
by Tann were the same as those Milner described in his specifi-
cation. They were to look on all the evidence on either side
bearing on these issues ; and if they thought that, although the
boxes that the defendant sold did not contain any pipes, tubes.
or artificial vessels for containing the liquid, they contained
alum and other substances from which moisture was to be ex-
tracted by heat; if they thought they were substantially the
same as Milner's, they would find that issue for the plaintiff;
and if they thought they were not the same as Milner's, for the
defendant --

Tliey were at liberty to find that issue for the
inintiff, although the defendant did not use any pipes, tubes,
eels. If they thought the process was substan-
is ac that mentioned in the plaintiff's specification,

they would find that issue for the plaintiff. They must bear in
mind that the plaintiff said, " I claim as my invention the in-
troduction or application of the combined effect in chambered
boxes, or depositories of the moisture and material kept humid
in the space surrounding the innermost box, and its contents,

n any way being confined to the material or liduid
)ployed, or the manner in which it may be distributed or
ranged, in order to produce the desired effect of protecting
xes, safes, or other depositories enclosing pa-

pers, or other

aterials, from fire." It was on the construction of these
)rds that he had directed them in point of law, that the de-
_ _

. - - -
fendant may have infringed the patent, although he did not
make use of tubes, or pipes, or artificial vessels. With this
exception, he left it for them to say if the defendant _ had in-
fringed the patent ; if they found that it was so, lades not
being in dispute, the sum of forty shillings would he sufficient:
but they were to consider, themselves, which way they would

'r verdict

The Jury, after a short deliberation, said they found their
verdict upon all the issues for the plaintiff.

VERDICT FOR THE PLAINTIFF.
Upon this verdict, establishing the validity of Milner's Pa-
nts, so fully confirmed by his Honour the Vice-Chancellor's
~r urtlier proceedings in Chancery are being adopted
against al? parties Selling, Holding, or,Using these Safes or
Boxes.

tecision

TUESDAY

MORNING, MAY 27, 1552

THE WEEK

THE Government has at length succeeded in
getting the Militia Bill through committee, not with-

standing the obstructive efforts of the two hon.
members for Manchester, who appear to have
regarded themselves as the representatives of the
people of England on this question. How far the
constituency immediately represented by them have
any particular aversion to be enrolled i❑ the service
of their country, we are not aware. We suspect
that the objection to a militia force is rather dictated
by circumstances affecting the millocracy than by
any disinclination amongst the operative classes to
do their duty in case of an emergency. Mr. BRIGHT,
from his remarks on Friday night, evidently con-
templates the possibility of such a force being called
upon occasionally "to repress popular feeling,"
or, in other words, to check the seditious pro-
ceedings of the Anti-corn-law and other Leagues.
It would be a rather amusing spectacle to see a
company formed of Mr. BRIGHT 'S own spinners
or weavers engaged -in dispersing an unruly mob,
amongst whom Mr. BRIGHT himself was the
leading spokesman and agitator. Our own mis-
representative, too, Mr. CARDWELL has, we observe,
been doing a little business in the way of popularity_
hunting by voting against the compulsory clauses
of the bill. The hon. gentlemen is oppressed with
a fear that tradesmen and working men will have to
pay extravagantly for substitutes, in the event of
their being balloted. If there had been any ground
for such fear, or any probability that amongst the
vast number of the unemployed population of this
country such substitutes could not be got in
abundance, and at a cheap rate, it might be a con-
solation to Mr. CARDWELL to find that, by a new
clause added to the bill on Friday, a supplementary
corps of volunteers may be raised in any one county
to supply a deficiency in another county. Thus, if
Liverpool cannot find men to protect its docks and
warehouses, and Manchester will not protect its
own mills and looms, a corps raised in our agricul-
tural counties may probably do it for them._

The friends of the Whig--Radical candidates for
Liverpool have during the week been industriously
adding to our stock of mural literature. Mr. EWART
has rushed into print, at the solicitation of the
Chairman of the Financial Reform Association, Mr.
ROBERTSON GLADSTONE, to protest against that
Income Tax which his fellow candidate, Mr. CARD-
WELL, assisted in fastening round our necks. The
latter has been parading his recent bit of claptrap,
perpetrated in parliament for electioneering pur-
poses. The burgesses of Liverpool, however, look
on and laugh. It will require something more than
the bill-sticker's exertions to whitewash Mr. CARD-
WELL, or to satisfy the public that Mr. EWART is
a CANNING or a HUSKISSON. The constituency
wish to see a little more of these gentlemen for the
purpose of putting a few questions; and, in grap-
pling with Mr. CARDWELL, will probably adopt
the recommendation of Mr. BRAMLEY-MOORE,
and "sand their hands."

The gloomy aspect of the Whig-Radical canvass,
and the prospect that not Mr. CARDWELL only,
but some other great guns of the free trade party
are doomed to political extinction, has drawn from
the London Times, during the past week, an appeal
to the compassionate forbearance of the constituen-
cies. The city of London, our contemporary has
discovered, owes its reputation to its political con-
nection with Lord JOHN RUSSELL, who is "all but
our greatest living statesman!" Mr. CARDWELL,
in the same way, is wedded to Liverpool; and this
great port, which has boasted of a CANNING and a
HUSKISSON as its representatives, is pronounced as
certain to lose caste if his services are dispensed
with. The West Riding of Yorkshire owes all its
reputation to RICHARD COBDEN ; and Manchester
is to sink into insignificance if it loses " that some-
times impracticable gentleman, the Field Marshal of
universal peace !" The very modest proposition is
suggested that their several constituencies should
retain these gentlemen, as ornamental representa-
tives. It is cruel, we are told, to drive them, like
poor JAMES GRAHAM, "from pillar to post," and
compel them to take refuge in small constituencies.
But unfortunately political retribution demands the
sacrifice. The constituency of Manchester, for
example, have a just right to complain that the
" Field Marshal of universal peace," is contemp-
tuously neglectful of its local affairs in parliament;
and Liverpool will not endure being misrepresented
by Mr. CARDWELL. The change of public opinion
is most strikingly evidenced when men of admitted
ability and high standing are tried by their consti-
tuenc►es and found wanting. It may occur some-
times, as remarked by the Times, that constituencies
lose character " by hastily transferring their confi-
dence from great'men to little men." Great men,
however, when no longer possessing our confidence,
are capable of doing great mischief.

The business of the session at length approaches
to completion ; and, notwithstanding it has been of
a somewhat unobtrusive character, the Government
having been withheld by their position in the House
of Commons from introducing any measures of the
class which Whig- Radicals are in the habit of styling
" large and comprehensive," it will be found that
much useful legislation applicable to the ordinary
affairs of society has been completed. On Friday
both houses will adjourn for the Whitsuntide holi-
days ; and we shall no doubt find numbers of
honourable and right honourable gentlemen remena-
that there are such things as constituencies,
g upon the occasion to pay them a visit.
ution will probably take place about the

and s

events of the week comprise little
articular comment ; and our gossip on
been mostly confined to electioneering
ek the retirement of Mr.
years has held
position of Trea-

worthy of

who fo

I discussion as to

likely to be

lected as most fitting

_
respect of all who have been brought into connection
with him during his long career as a public servant.

FOREIGN NEWS.

FRANCE.

The Constitutionnel has published an attack on
General Changarnier and General de Lamoriciere,
whose letters, refusing to take the oath of fidelity,
have excited so much curiosity. Against Changar-
nier M. de Cassagnac has been instructed to bring
the following charges :—"First—That, in the month
of March, 1849, he, General Changarnier, demanded
from Louis Napoleon a written authorisation to
tt

hrow the Constituent Assembly out of the windows

Secondly—That he subsequently urged Louis Na-
poleon, in the strongest manner, to make a coup
d'etat. Thirdly—That, in the month of November,
1850, at the time of the Alais plot, he assembled
together at his head-quarters in the Tuileries a
number of political personages, to whom he pro-
posed to arrest Louis Napoleon and lodge him in
Vincennes, to prorogue the Assembly for six months,
and make him, Changarnier, dictator." The writer
affirms that Count Mole, one of the persons present,
went straightway to Louis Napoleon and informed
him of Changarnier's conduct. As for General de
Lamoriciere, AL de Cassagnac admits his courage
but denies his capacity, and yet this genera] bears
the highest name of any of the African generals.
Count Mole, in answer to Garnier de Cassagnac,
not only denies having been present at the meeting
described to have been held at the Tuileries, but
feels quite sure no such meeting ever took place.
He calls it an infamous calumny, and administers a
rebuke to the man who injures the cause he attempts
to serve, by the audacity of his insults and the fury
of his outrageous attacks on exiled men, whose ser-
vices can never be forgotten by France, or, if they
could be forgotten, would be brought back to its
heart by such frantic attempts to blacken them.
General Parchappe has presented to the Legis-
lative Body a report, in the name of the committee
charged to examine the bill, authorising a levy in
1553 of 50,000 men, of the class of 1852. The
report states that, in order to keep up the armed
force of France at 500,000 men, it is necessary to
call out 80,000, as has been clone annually for 20
years past; and, as an additional reason for the
levy, it says Foreign countries do not reduce
England feels great anxiety with

their armies

respect to our progress, and the firm and becoming
attitude of the country; her Chambers have voted
subsidies for the organisation of a numerous militia
and the increase of the navy. In Austria, the
Sovereign of that empire and the Emperor of Russial
have passed in review the troops assembled at Vienna."
The Count d'Aquila, brother of the King of
Naples, has arrived in Paris.
The Prince President disposes of his money in
royal fashion. He has ordered that there shall be,
from his privy purse, distributed to all the workmen
who suffered by the late fire in the Faubourg St.
Antoine, the full amount of all their losses by that

calamity,

The Countess Pepoli nee Murat, a widow, and
sister of Lucien, lately returned to France, has re-
ceived from her cousin, the President, 200,000 f.

General Cavaignac has purchased an estate near
Raudan, in the department of the Puy de Dome,
and intends to reside there a considerable portion of
the year.

It is said that 3,000,000 f. are to be accorded for
the execution of the Cherbourg railway, and
3,000,000 f. for that of the line from Toulouse to

General MacMahon quitted Constantine on the
9th instant, with an army of ten thousand men, to
undertake an expedition against Kabylia. The
French fleet was to leave Naples immediately for
Sicily. _ _ _

The Duke de Broglie has resigned his seat as a
member of the Council-General of the Eure and of
the Municipal Council of Broglie. The Viscount
A. tie Bremont, Deputy-Mayor of St. Florent, and
M. Failly, member of the Council-General of the
Deux Sevres, have also resigned, having refused to
take the oaths ; and M. Odilon Barrot is declared
to have forfeited his seat in the Municipal Council
of St. Quentin, not having taken the oath within
the time prescribed by the constitution.
The government has appointed four engineers to
survey the ground for railways from Lyons to Ge-
neva, and to the frontier of Savoy, and from Mar-
seilles to the frontier of Italy. Credits have been
opened for the purpose.
Every day brings intelligence of new refusals to
take the oaths by persons of influence in the de-
partments.

PRUSSIA.

The Emperor of Russia arrived at Potsdam on the
evening of the 16th instant, and immediately joined
the Empress and the Royal Family of Prussia.
Count Nesseirode, the Imperial Chancellor, has also
arrived at Potsdam.—ln the First Chamber at Ber-
lin, on the 15th inst., it was resolved to impose a
stamp duty on political and business newspapers.—
A great sensation has been caused at Berlin by the
seizure of the Klatteradatsch, the Prussian Chari-
vari, for publishing a caricature of Louis Napoleon.
BERLIN, MAY 19th.—The Emperor of Russia
arrived in Berlin last evening, by a special train
from Potsdam.