Star.
London, England, 1828-10-10 00:00:00

FRIDAY EVpaNca, ()mum to, 1523.

same as the earth's atmosphere is ,rarifit;d by the
solar influence, or the extrication 0.11144 and 'titian
terrestrial radiations.
" The apparent motion of the solar spoti from the
sun's centre to its Western limb, describes a diametrical,
line from a scale of chords of thirty degrees in..two and
a half days; but•they take four days to ad.:stile:the
same distance from the end, of that line to the *extreme'
edge of the Western limb; and the distance of their ap-
parent motion in one day, at or near the •centte,• is
about equal to the same distance they move the last
two and three quarter days of their appearance on the
Westesn side of the disc. By this unequal motion ot
►he solar spots, it may be•easily proved, by the uniform
motion of an artificial globe on its axis, 'that in addi•_
tion to the sun's plain circular area, as. seen through a
smoked or shaded glass, he is globular, hut not a per-
fect globe; as from the effect of universal gravitation,
or the gratiating of every 'particle of matter to eveiy
other particle, combined with rotatory motion, the ce-
lestial bodies of the solar system assume the form ot
oblate spheroid&
" The solar spots have also an apparent circular
diurnal motion round the sun's disc, arising trorn'the
diurnal motion of the earth on its axis. - •

" They appear generally to pass near the centre of,
or within the' sun's tropics ; but a lew have been' seen
here with a declination of more than 50 degre'es,isoth
north and south. On the 26:11 ult.' the blackest and
most circular spot in the nucleus, and the brightest in
the surrounding umbra-we ever observed, was by Mei,
,urement in the cenire of the sun's disc at six e'cleck in
Alm evening; but it disappeared before' it reached the
•western limb.

' The various positions which the lices'of their direc-
tion assume across the sun's disc in the different munths
of the year, ate causes by the angle which the. sun's
equator makes with the plane of • the ecliptic. and the
annual emotion of the earth round the sun; 'which
the observer's place with respect to
the spots.
44 It may be remarked that since.cheiner and Galileo,
first observed the solar macula:, 4001 and 1612, there
appears but little difference .
in the obstervat.
tions of succeeding observers regaidtp.tbeir colritsr,
motions, mutations, and in the generak.ap,peaiance of
View formitia, increase, seprationlye,union, decrease,
and final disappearance; the difference in tbeirop!uimis,
chick, as to tbelirkituation tbe natuire,
composigion: god) more may be don-thissas mere; Iti
"siabject' 'but we shall closeour te,r;idkif9; the pante j
•

. , ..1:

7~• • :41

11510 FAIPEKS.
• PARIS; Oer.
The expedition to the7Nlore4 so noble in its end; and
so generous in its policy, has effected 'X powerful *tliVer
lion in favour of the li.ussiin army; DUE is: it probably
near its close. The French artny,.'titter'ltOing cleared.
the Pelopoanesus of the Egirtianit and Narks— after
having recovered the fortresses of Caron, •Motioti:-N:..
rarer, Parra', and Lepanto, entrri;t. their fire.Arig.
ilnd defence to the children of Graeae, and will' corne.
back to receive the expressions ot. clo.l`.gratitUde;. "il►i
shall have'largrely fulfilled the* obligations'contraitbd
by the Treaty of. the 6th of July, ,nuel our policy dots
not permit us to interfere beyond that in the quarrels
of the Russians and Mursulmen: • `• '- • •
The difficulties produced by the blockade of the Palr
danelles,' though removed in appeltatice,' by the dryly
pliance iii the English Cabiriet, announce that other's 'et,
-a OR more serious nature may arise:, The uncertainties
...Of 'die present; and the 'obscurity' of the future, jairitt
'the nivdeiatirig attiltide of Mir 'King; anzions to amt.
brisom of Euiripe all the Catfrcif-War which.
Might :fixing up and divelOpe iAetsuelyes.. Wei fo*.,
Mu,* air eur parts, illrecantrie.Or*-riclaebturrius *Ova:.
aunts.
, . .
Oar arms will aiquirefleihitwirtie Gteete.' Vet
.expedition his beenwiSely.celepikeri;*drid.no Orr lint"
been left to chance, save tliatAiihith Wo'fbreiight could
anticipate. - Even in the Aliirei Our !oriel will only ba
displayed;- whin all means of •Coricitinvon 'shill lietit
been exhausted. The Turkr will became the mOie:cillir`,
posed to treat, as it is their-interestauring their *Wok
with Russia, not to increase the number of their eite:'
mies, and to relieve theirleft flank born the menacing
presence of our trciopi. • • •
•

• I

till
lite M THZ GAZETTE Dg PRANCE. . .
It appears certain, as we announced it somedaYS:igo;
that our troops will return from the Morea, after hat,
ins witnessed the embarkation of. lin*ign• Paella"
army. On
.this subject tile Courrier Fran'tais says..?
f, The unfavourable nature of the operations of ~
•
Russian army naturally leads the minfl to the difficulties`
which France may have-to encounter in consequence.
of her expeJition to the Morea. This 'view. ( f the quew
tion, a most important one'for us, does not seem to have,
escaped the attention of our` Ministers, • They are anzi..
ously occupied, it ii Otid; in securing
.the means of
averting perils Which would reduce u to leO great sa-
crifices. If we may believe the'lipaits in eireulitiOn,
our Government is resolved ;to Withdraw litiatittiably:
froin a career where an adventurOus'eouisimight bring
it amongst shoals,and quicksand.s.""ThiOccupatiott of
'the fortreises of the MoreyWatilittier way it. ii effect-
ed, whether by cession or* fetes. Will. Put. wit under;
stand, an immediate end to our eiiirdlyiion."

71110,41 THB COi3Slll3/7.10111111L. • •
PAWS, ox2l. -11
Some misunderstanding, and-is little impatience for
glory, natural for French troops, created; for a moment,
some fearsior the evacuation of'the Morea isy Ibrahim.
These fears are now dissipated, and news has been re-
ceived that 6000 men of his army have embarked, tore.
turn to Egypt. He would not have weakened himself
in this manner; had he preserved the smallest hope of
postponing the deliverance of the Gieelcs on this side
of the Isthmus. To obtain, by negociation or force,
Modon, Caron, and Patras, and to loftily the pass
between the Morea and Livadia, so as to make it another
Thermopylz, appears to be the lionnurable mission of
the French espedition. Under a Commander .so distia-
guished as Count Maison, with such brave troops, a few
months will be sufficient to ensure these important re-
sults, and restore to the French army, covered with
laurels gained in the c4use of civilizations -the detach.
ments it has sent to the assistance of the Greeks. By
the victory of Navarin, the Ottoman forces in the Me-
diterranean were so reduCed as to be unable to mike a
formidable diversion on the coast and islands of Greece.
The blockade of the Dardanelles by the Russian fleet,
and the occupation by Admiral Rigny of the seas of
Greece, will secure it against all attempts, even of the

. • •

Tuthiji.troops.which may he assembled in Asia Minor.
Every I,hing sn'aftes ott 'omit' that France; without
hatiir~g'eecourse to measures foreign to her policy. or
that she should assurrie towards Turkey the character
of an axgres....r and' an enemy, will secure the object of
the Treaty of Silly 6, • The Government of Greece will
not be exonerated from the cares and the exertions ne-
cdsary to secure' to the' descendants of Leonidas and
Miltiades, the benefits of nationality and independence;
hut* money and men, capable of directing other men in
those fields where glory is acquired, will be supplied to
her in just and sufficient quantity.
We read in another Journal that the Bishop of finis-
sons has obtained a brief from the Pope, granting him
the title.(if Bishop of Leon. and in future he will be
stylecOlisbop of Soissons and Laon. We supposed that
it was ally the King of France who could confer titles
in France.
4..
.• TOULON, OM I •
PRIVATE CORAISPONDENCB.

The French Government has hired at Marseilles 60
transports-20,000 tons of shipping—belonging to dif-
ferent nations, to be sent to the Mores. M. Durand, at
Marseilles, engages them. Merchant vessels sail from
Marseilles every day, carrying provisions for the French
army. . The troops embarked on board the Atalante
consist of those who, from some cause or other, were
unable toloin.their regiments in time to embark with
them. A vessel from Marseilles, bound to Alexandria,
is said to have on board a printing pies?, and engineers
and other persons destined for the service of the Pacha
of Egypt. Thegreatest.activity prevails in the arsenal.
The ships on the stocks are completing as fast as pos-
sible, ir.• order to render our fleet proper for the exigen-
cies-of the Morea and Algiers. The artillery and the
ships' crews are disciplining their youfig recruits with
the greatest diligence. The. guns are exercised almost
every day. and.the people fire•at a target. •
tlOl4 THE GARETTI Di FRANCE, DATED OCT. 8.
CONSTANTINOPLE, Sm. 1L

The Porte has published the following extracts of
letters horn Hussein. Pacha, Which we translate from
,the originals,- reducing the dater to our calendar.:
• • " SCHUMLA, Austin 27. .
"Hussein Pacha, Commander in Chief of the Talk's))
armies; had directed' three divisions in the following
'manner:—the first, commanded by Ilatil Pacha, con •
.vsting oh .three .battalions.of regular troops. and 'Wier
Ottom.in so!diess, against. the enemy's elite each men; at
,Strandeha; the i'cotid, consisting of silnebAttalions of
leg u °opt, considerablecorP4 of irrepularr,
node,' E:slad 'Path°, against the.wrir as raised at Tchen-.,
; and the third. under lialisch Pacha, and other
superior 'Officers, agair,st the entrenchments of Eski
Stamboul. These three division** set out in 'die night
of the 26th of August, seven at eight hi furs after ttrtset,
and arrived in goof order at the points indicated to
at:ack the enemy at the same, time. -The first attack of
the regular troops .on the . works at•Strandcha was so
succeisful,.that our troops entered the entrenchments
beforetise eninii:ii*OUtpiists had • tirarrio fall back into
'theft ,All that wigisund.in thareihaubt, among whoa
was a. Genetal,t. -were put to the sse (Id. Six large
canti-nand six waggons of ammunition were tiktn,
and immediately brought The enemy
then collected* large body,of troop •from the great
camp, to endeavour tb recover the e.itienchmerits.—
They attacked thrpe times-lint were always repulsed
by. the, bravery of the Musnlmen. The loss of the
Russians .in their. three attacks, was considerable.—
Lastly, when they saw that .they could do nothing
against the courage and energy of the Ottoman troops,
they retreated. Meantime the entrenchments at Tchen4
galik were attacked.. Of four battalions of the enemy;
all were killed excepting sixty Men. Some cannon and
three waggons of ammunition fell into our hands.
" The garrison at Eski Stamboul assembled, but did
not *WA to be attacked. It carried off all the artillery,
set fire to the works, and fell back'to the main army.
• 44 Thus these three important poiats,,which the enemy
had fortified with' so much case, have been taken and
maple& by the Ottoman troops, and the military road
eif. Schumla is completely free. Amongst the killed
are a great many Officers of rank, and persons of dis-
tinction., •

--------
" After such great losses, the Aussian army has re.
treated, having hest set 4re to all the works which it
had begun to erect about Velibay.
4 The Seraskier afterwards learned that the enemy
Was again aisendsking beyond Tchengalik, sent a de-
tichment, which occupied that village. The Seraskier
states k that he intends to, pursue the advantages which
he has gained."--rfustrian (Armen

- .
.."1110NI THE MIDEACHER DES CHAMBERS. OCT. T.
SECOND TURKISH. BULLETIN.

SCHUMLA,.Szer. 2.
• •
On' Sunday the 51st of August, the Seraskier sent
7,000 horse, under Alisch Pacha, to harass the rear of
the enemy's camp. This General proceeded towards
Jenibazar, four leagues from Schumla, and having at-
tacked with impetuosity the little Russian camp which
Was there, an action ensued; which continued' four
whole hours, the iesult of which, by the favour of the
ALAEIGHTY, was most glorious' to the Ottoman arms.
The Russians were defeated, and obliged to retreat into
the surrounding woods. "The enemy lost 200 killed and
20 prisoners in this affair. A 'pretty considerable now],
be of cavalry horses, and above 200 oxen, which fell
into our hands, were: distribtited among the troops.—
We set fire to 100 provision wagßOns. The next day
our troops attacked 120 Russian Hulans, on their re-
treat, half of whom were killed; and the rest•taken•
prisoners.' Among the latter are three superior officers.
and a commissary. They 'said they had been lately
sent to the headquarters cf the k4ielif.Marshal.before
Silistria, to carry their pay.to the troops besieging that
place, and to go on their return to Jenillazar, where
they fell into our 'bands We took from them 120
horses, and 250,000 silver piastres, all which were drs=.
tributed among the troops. The papers, letters, and
accounts found upon the Commissary, have been rem
to the Porte by the Seraskier. The enemy hal aban-
doned the positions of.Merasch, Velibey, and Tiniurel-
'chi, to retreat a league beyond them. The Seraskiet
continues his arrangements to force the enemy to an
absolute retreat.

Fagascu Penni—Five per Cents. 10K. Sec.—Three per Cents'
74E Sr-I—Bask Sank, 1,840 f.
Anions Amts.—Neapolitan Reale.; Cer.' Fate. 791. 30c.—
Royal Spanish Loan. 791.-B•lnterminable Spanish Annuities, 491
—wilayden encg.

t Baron Wade.

PRICE SKVENTENCE.

• THEATRE OV THE WAIL

•
FUANICFORT, Ocs. 1.
We are infnrmed that the labt dispatebes from Olen*
and London hare occasioned at Vienna several meetings
of the Council. Diplomatic relations with England ate
more active than ever.

The last letters which we have received from Bel-
grade announce the arrival of the Grand Vizier at
Schumla, at the head of 40,000 men, which raise the
main Turkish army to an effective strength of ose !Mil-
dred thousand combatants. It appears thst nntwith.
standing the presence of the Vizier, Hussein Pacha will
continue to direct all the operations against the Ras•
siarts. We therefore perceive that, amen the the Tasks,
'considerations of rank and grade vanish bet .re the pub-
lic interest; and it is rather eztraordinary.that this in-
stance of -patriotism shook be given us by a nation
whom we affect to consider as barbarous.

It is everted that the Pacha of Widdin still main.
tains the offensive, notwithstanding the reinforcement
sent from Bucharest to the Kossran General Geismar.
The Pacha possessing a numerous cavalry, causes all
the lid conntry to be scoured to intercept the Russian
convoys. He is said to have entered Crajova, and to bit
wasting there for reinforcements, in order to mike a
serious incursion into Great Wallachia.

Correspandews and Journals devoied to the Russian
cause have stated that the Tut ks had burned, in Little
Wallachia, what they had taken from the Russians, and
could 'not carry away; but the anaitiun is false and
ridiculous.

Since the opening of the campaign, the Russians,
who had no magazines, have lived at the entente of
the criuntry, which they loaded with tequisitions.—
The Turks had certainly a right, when they entered
Little Wallachia, to lessen the resources of the enemy.
This they have done, and the Russians ought to mots.
:ect, that in 1812 they gave that eiamplc themselves
when retreating before the French army. They even
did more, for they drove be ore them tie country
people, and burnt their habitations.—Quoidienne.
The Russian army has not hitherto fu the ex-
pectations which Europe had- formed loan its num-
bets, its discipline, its courage, and the experience, the
taletits, and the valour of its Chiefs. Ail its rff its at
present are ditected against the seceml-rate fa. tress of
Varna, which continued its resistance on the 13th of
Seetember, and if it should fall, will cots its assailants
as-risany lives as it contains defenders. The riinforce-
ments received by the Emperor Nicholas will hardly
fill up the lo,ses, inflicted by the sieges of Braitow,
Varna, and Siiisttia, by the unfortunate affsirs belote
Schuntla, by the frequent' irruptioni from the uoopa
encamped' before Widdin and *Giurgeva, which 'Kiwi
urquently endangered the line of opttatio.is rf. the
(hind Arruy,.and by the no less murdeloardisorders
engendered by fatigue and the climate.. • •;
The capture of Varna would have been high im-
poila4 at the commencement r f 'the camPitn.
would have facilitated and secured the regtilarteeadi
of proviii tun of . all. kiods, and suppotted, bits thin
strogth tif the fleet,-the march cf the Russia lib 'tessera'.
Adtaanople—an audacious rep, but one whichot.theA
period, might lead to great results.
We are now approaching the time of the year whelk
the navigation of the Slack Sea is taicertain,,periloora
and almost impossible. To advance t', the very centre
of Thrace, without being able to rely on the sure sup.-
port lithe fleet behind, and to leave in tf fir ten the
Ottoman forces now united in the camp at Schumla,
:beside. those at Widdin and thegarrisons of Rudsibult,
Silists ia, and Giurgevo, would be an act of tetneritf
the pm of the Russians, and a grave fault, which the
Emperor Nicholas will not commit. •
A winter campaign has been talked of, and the climate
does not oppose any serous obstacle to it; but it could
only take place in the valley of the Danube, until the
Tui ks should have been driven beyond utellsikan. •
The Russians did not tightly rasiersta id the nautili'
of the war which they were about to undertake. They
imagined that they would only have to encounter the
Turkish army, and relied on an easy triumph. Bath.
is the Ottoman nation, it is Islamism itself, against
which they have .to contend. The united armies of
Europe were broken in pieces agaiost France in 1792,
1795, and 1794. The forces of Napoleon, rendered ten
times greater by the influence of a genius which inspired
terror and commanded admiration. though triumphent
over Austria, Prussia and Russia, failed when they came
in contact with the Spanish people. Patriotism alone
created the miracles of France and Spain—what may
not be produced in Turkey by patriotism, seccnded and
exalted by religious fanaticism? Varna recals Sara.
gossa. greater difficulties await the Russians at
Adrianople, Constantinople, and intermediate positions.
—Journal des Debuts. .
Extract of al's ivate Letter from th- Morea, Sept. flt
" The division:of Gen. Sebastiani marched this morning
to buret; Coron, where it will be decided whether Ibra-
him mean% to evacuate.the Morea of his own accord,
or most be compelled to do so with cannon balls. The
brigade of .:General Higonnct •and the Head Qoariers
will tollow the meeement, and we shall then asanetain
whether we shall have to enter Navarin by force on
land, as the allied fleets did. at sea. it appears certaia
that Ibrahim is afraid of being beheaded by tl.e Sultan's
orders if he does net fight, and we shall make every dis-
position to attack him vigorously, whilst oat ships and.
frigates will take pest to cannonade his flank. We must.
always hope for success, and, I doubt act, shall meet
with it. We are very glad to quit our camp at Petalisli.
'where we were very uncomfortable. I have not been
able to undreit.myself for the last eight days, and Me
klassic ground on which' I I must own, feels rather'
hard. —Pew. tk de.rrance.:•••-•

• The leuritql des Deiats announces tratthetwo Irish.
titular Bishops, Dr. Moszwir and,l)r.•Dth ix. had a; rived-la Psrit
No observation* ii.tnistielo to theobject of theii jorrtitf. •
Letters front Terceira of the 26th Sept. state, that
the Isabel Brazilian frigate hod arrived ,there with severalWeiceto
and munitions of,war„ which, finding Madeira bk4adcii, she
lauded at this place.
:yhe Tin key merchants of the cily-are mating thim..
seties very merry at the expense of de Rtissi4n Consul:
A' circular from the latter, posted at fYOyd's, itisinuates
the propriety of tile Russian Consular seal beiqg affixed
to each .package of merchandise 'exported to TeikeY.
The fee would bey oat an Average, about 5001. on each
ship, as the Consul, we believe, charges half a guinea
for each seal. The merchants seem to think the Con.
sot is improving in .the science of taxation by his resi-':
deuce ambng our over-taxed bountrymen.

N .

es .