The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1839-04-05 00:00:00

MISCELLANEOUS

Sir Watkin William Wynn is so infirm; that he cannot be
lifted into his carriage without the help of several footmen.
Twenty brigs are expected to be commissioned for the
purpose of putting doivn all further slave dealing under the
Portuguese flag.
ENORMOUS PlG.—Last week Mr. James Stephens, miller,
&c. of Crantock, killed a fine sow, which weighed 28 score
and 17 lbs.—Falmouth Express.
Mr. Stanley, secretary to the treasury, has written to the
parliamentary supporters of the ministry, to be at their post
on the 15th April, as the debate on that night will decide the
fate of the government.
NORTH WALES CIRCUIT.—At the Carnarvonshire and
Anglesey assizes, the business was comparatively unim-
portant—in the latter county, not a single cause Nkas set down
for trial.

CHATHAM Doc KYAR D.—NO less than twenty-seven of the
shipwrights in this dockyard have recently, within a fort-
night, left their employment; and we believe that many of
them have been engaged for the service of the Emperor of
Russia.

EXTRAORDINARY LEAP.—At the Strabane steeple chase,
on Friday, the 22d ult., Mr. Russell's horse Langar leapt a
wall seven feet high. He was rode by William Brisland, a
horse-breaker.—Derry Sentinel.
In answer to a case submitted to the Solicitor-General by
the guardians of the union, the learned gentleman states,
that all births and deaths takint, place in workhouses are
chargeable to the parish in which such house is situate.—
Herts Reformer.
The combined armies of Austria, Prussia, and the Germanic
confederation amount, according to the calculations of a
Frankfort paper, to 1,400,000 men-700,000 furnished by
Austria, 400,000 by Prussia, and 300,000 by the other states
of the confederation.
The King of the Sandwich islands has promulgated a law,
prohibiting, under severe penalties, the importation of ardent
spirits of any kind into those islands, except in small quan-
tities, for medicinal and mechanical purposes, and imposikg
a duty of one dollar and a half a gallon on wines.
Her Majesty's ship Powerful, Captain Napier, has, it
seems, lost several men by desertion, and it is found im-
practicable to complete her crew for active service. This is
said to be owing to the adoption of some novel mode of pro-
pelling the ship by a machine resembling a tread-wheel,
which the sailors think degrading, as resembling the labour
of convicts, and not that of their native element.
SHREWSBURY SCHOOL.—Viscount Dungannon has an-
nounced to Dr. Kennedy his intention of presenting fifteen
guineas annually for the encouragement of classical literature
in Shrewsbury school, thus affording a fresh instance of that
munificence and zeal for literature which do honour to his
lordship's character. The particular subjects of competition
for Lord Dungannon's prizes are not yet determined.
Sir Robert and Lady Peel, who have usually passed the
recess at Drayton manor, purpose this year remaining: in
town. The grand entertainment to be given by the right
hon. bart. and his lady on the 10th instant, to their Royal
Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, and Duchess
of Gloucester, will be the first grand party this season.
Upwards of .five hundred cards have been issued for the
coming party.—Standard.
The report of the death of Sir Herbert Taylor, at Rome,
on the 13th instant, appears to be untrue, as we understand
that a letter was received this morning at St. Katherine's, in
the Regent's Park, from Sir Herbert himself, dated the 16th
inst. Other accounts also concur in stating that the death
of the gallant officer was prematurely announced, though his
illness is admitted to be of a very serious nature.—M. Herald.
The scarcity and dearness of fuel is generally felt in this
county, and has been the cause of much plunder of timber,
and the destruction of hedges during the past winter. A few
days since a large furze plantation was totally destroyed at
Knockaderry, near Newcastle, and carried in all directions
by the country people. It was rented as a fox cover by the
County Club, from a man named Quaid, who intends apply-
ing for compensation at the next assizes.—Limerick Standard.
INCONTROVERTIBLE PROOF OF IRISH TRANQUILLITY.—
The Leinster Independent, the organ of the priests, states,
with becoming exultation, as evidence of the tranquil state of
Ireland, that Judge Torrens, while on circuit, last week,
mustered sufficient courage to proceed on foot some distance
on his way from Mullingar to Tullamore, and mirabile dictu,
was not murdered ! Such, we assure our readers, is the
boast of the priests' newspapers—may we not well exclaim,
on this auspicious announcement—PßODlGlOUS !--cork
Constitution.

THE LATE MURDEROUS OUTRAGE UPON a WIFE.—
Whitaker was again brought up at the New Bailey on Wed-
nesday, when Mr. Smith, the house-surgeon at the Infirmary,
stated that Sarah Whitaker was still in danger ; and that, if
she were removed, it might cause her death. Whitaker ap-
peared quite unmoved, and he was again remanded to Wed-
nesday next. On inquiry at the Infirmary yesterday evening,
we were informed that the unfortunate woman was apparently
going on well. Manchester Guardian.
A very superior description of coal has, we understand,
been supplied to the Mansion-house, by way of Liverpoool,
from the extensive colleries of Messrs. Hilton, of Ince Hall,
near Wigan, who have expressed their determination to com-
pete with their northern neighbours. A gentleman from that
firm waited upon his lordship, and informed him that they
were now raising 500 tons per day ; but when their arrange-
ments were complete, they would raise 1000, and be able to
deliver them in London at 22s per ton.—London paper.
REMARKABLE LONGEVITY.—In a small town in Massa-
chusetts, containing less than .1000 inhabitants, there are
living almost within a stone's throw of each other, no less
than 13 persons whose united ages amount to 1,071 years,
making an average of 82 years to each person, the youngest
79, the oldest 92. For a series of years a very large propor-
tion of the deaths in this town has been of persons whose
ages averaged about 83 years. In one year there were 14
deaths in the town, and of these 11 were of persons whose
ages averaged over 83 years. •
EXTRAORDINARY FEAT.—On Saturday week, a boy about
seven years of age, a sorr of a person named W. Solomans,
of Risca, undertook for the wager of a sovereign, to run from
Risca to Newport with the Tredegar coach, and to reach the
post-office in this town before it. Accordingly, the child
started from Risca with the coach, and kept with it until it
reached the top ascent, and outstripped the coach, winning
the wager, to the delight of every one who witnessed the ex-
traordinary performance. The distance is about seven miles
and it was completed in forty-five minutes. Considering the
age of the boy, we think this a feat almost unprecedented.—
Monmouthshire Merlin.
We are credibly informed that; when the rumour of Sir
Herbert Taylor's death was conveyed to the Home-office,
Lord John Russell immediately sent to the clergyman of St.
Katharine's demanding the charter of the foundation. His
lordship's zeal, no doubt, was extremely praiseworthy in en-
deavouring to provide for some whig-radical friend before his
proximate loss of office ; but it would, perhaps, have been
rather more decorous to have waited till he had ascertained
whether the report of Sir Herbert's death were actually true.
But the whigs are famed for selling the skin of the bear be:
the animal is caught,—and, whether reputation is to be won
or lost, the rapacity which characterizes their acts is ever
predominant.—Morning Herald.

IRON HOUSES.—The efficiency of iron to the application
of steam vessels has been so successfully introduced, that we
notice an elegant plan of a sea cottage of that description
hung up in the Tontine Coffee Room, which seems so ad-
mirably adapted that we have no doubt they will soon be in
very general use. The plan referred to seems to have six
rooms, kitchen, and laundry, and other conveniences, for the
small sum of 250. or if a double house of fourteen rooms,
£5OO. This is not MN the price of -a common house with
similar accommodation, and can be ready for possession in
two months. The iron trade of this neighbourhood should
each set down one by way of introducing them.—Glasgow
Courier.

NEW LIGHT FOR LIGHTHOUSES.—A letter of the 10th
instant from Trieste states that a new system of producing
light for lighthouses has been invented by a serjeant-major
in the Austrian artillery, named Selckonsky. The apparatus
consists of a parabolic mirror, 62 inches by 30, with a 12-inch
focus, and the light is produced by a new kind of wax candle,
invented by M. Selckonsky. It has been tried under the
inspection of the Austrian Lloyd's Company in the port of
Trieste, by being erected on the mast of a vessel. The light
is said to have illuminated the whole of the port and the sur-
rounding parts of the town equal to the moon at full (1) ; and
at the distance of 600 yards the finest writing could be read.
A second trial has been made in bad weather, and the result
was proportionally favourable.
HYDROPHOBIA.—On the night of Tuesday, the sth of Fe-
bruary last, Mr. Isaac Phelps, inspector of the night-watch,
residing in Rosemary-lane, was passing down Carter-gate,
between eleven and twelve o'clock, when he heard a dog, as
if in distress, in a hole prepared for the reception of the new
weighing machine. Prompted by feelings of humanity, he
obtained a light and a ladder, and having placed the latter in
the hole, as the dog would not ascend, he went down to as-
sist it ; the animal, however, instead of allowing him quietly
to take hold of it, flew at him, fastened upon his forehead
and nose, severely injured him, and instantly running up the
staves of the ladder, was quickly out of sight. The wounds
were dressed and cauterised by Mr. Billings, of Sneinton,
and, with the exception of being disfigured, Mr. P. felt no
inconvenience, and his health continuing good, he last week
said he was satisfied no evil results would follow from the
bite. On Monday last, his head became light, but being
strictly anxious to attend his duty, he went out as usual at
night; between eleven and twelve, while walking up Mans-
field-road, he complained to the watchman on that beat that
he was ill, and the circumstance was communicated to Mr.
Fisher, the superintendent, who immediately took Phelps to
a public-house and ordered some brandy. On liquor being
placed before him, he snapped at it like a canine animal, and
he was social after persuaded to go home. Mr. Fisher ap-
plied to Mr. Davison, surgeon, who prescribed, and ordered
Phelps to bed. Every hour he kept getting worse and worse,
and it became evident to all around, and the poor sufferer
himself was conscious of it, that, as he exclaimed on first
complaininp on Mansfield-road, "he was not long for this
werld." Dr. J. C. Williams and other medical gentlemen
attended during the whole of the day, and bleeding was freely
resorted to ; at night, however, at twenty minutes before
twelve o'clock he expired, terminating exactly seven weeks
to an hour, from the time he was injured to his death. Up
to the last minute he was sensible, and in the course of the
day, he wrote a letter to his daughter, gave directions for his
coffin, and appointed his bearers. The medical men pro-
posed that Charles Waterton, Esq., of Walton-hall, should
be requested to come over with his South American Wourali,
which he has recommended as a remedy in this fatal malady ;
the authorities of the town, with the greatest promptitude and
feeling, immediately ordered an express. Mr. W. and his
friend Dr. Knight, of Sheffield, arrived about five o'clock in
the morning, but as the poor sufferer had died a few hours
before, there was no opportunity of trying its efficacy.—Not-
tingham Journal.

NEW HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT.—ANTIQUARIAN DIS-
COVERIES.—The evacuation that it was necessary to make
in order to lay the foundation of the river embankment wall
to the new houses of parliament, has been the means of
bringing to light a great number of relics of antiquity which
were dug up from time to time by the workmen as the exca-
vation proceeded. The most remarkable feature of the dis-
covery is the great number of daggers and swords, especially
the former, .that have been found, and which, from their
variety of make and appearance, are evidently the collection
of ages. They are of all shapes, sizes, and sorts of work-
manship, from the richly- made hunting-knife or dirk to the
costly and highly-finished stiletto. There are no handles to
any of them, which is easily accounted for, as that part being
generally composed of a less durable material, has, conse-
quently, long since decayed. Some of the blades are in high
preservation, and a few, which are inlaid with gold, seem
almost as perfect as when first wrought. The circumstance
of so many weapons of this description being found in this
locality is certainly somewhat singular, but, perhaps, the
lords and commons in byegone days " warred with the
knife," instead of with words, as in the 19th century. The
next singular discovery is a quantity of keys, which are of
various sizes, and some of them of very curious workman-
ship. One key especially is a gigantic fellow in excellent
preservation. with curiously formed wards, at the end of
which is a dog's head, most admirably executed. . His ap-
pearance put .s strongly in mind of the keys used in panto-
mimes. A variety of old coins (principally copper), together
with two or three small Roman earthen pots, some fossils of
an ordinary class, one or two cannon balls, and several
human skulls) the latter being remarkably large and thick) ;
these make up the collection, which is the property of Mr.
Barry, the architect, who, previous to the excavation, made
an agreement that all curiosities, Sic., found, were to be given
up to him. It is supposed, however, that that gentleman has
not all the antiquities, the labourers having, no doubt, dis-
posed of many.—Correspondent of the Morning Herald.

THE LATE LORD DE Roos.—This nobleman, who expired
at his villa in the Grove-road, St. John's Wood, on Friday
last. after a lingering indisposition, in his 46th year, was pre-
mier Baron of England, and succeeded his mother, Charlotte,
the late Baroness, Jan. 9, 1831. His lordship's father was
Lord Henry Fitzgerald, third son of James first Duke of
Leinster, who died July 8, 1829, having married, 4th August,
1791, Charlotte Baroness de Roos, in whose favour the barony
was called out of abeyance in 1806. His lordship, dying un-
married, he succeeded in his title and estates by his next
brother, the Hon. Lieut. Col. William Lennox Lascelles de
Roos, Colonial Agent for Malta, late Major of Brigade to
Lieut. Gen. Sir Charles Dalbiac, Inspector General of Ca-
valry. The present peer married Lady Georgiana Lennox,
third daughter of the late, and sister to the present Duke of
Richmond. The late lord, familiarly known in fashionable
society as Henry de Roos, was for several years considered
the glass of fashion in the circles of ton, but of late years he
had suffered much from ill-health, arising from a dropsical
complaint.

THE QUEEN DOWAGER.—We gather from a private let-
ter from Malta, that her Majesty the Queen Dowager pro-
posed to leave Malta for England on the 28th March (Thurs-
day last,) in Her Majesty's ship Hastings ; calling, in her
way, at Cadiz, Lisbon, and possibly, at Palermo. She may,
we understand, be expected in England about the 20th May.
Norris Castle, East Cowes, Isle of Wight, has, we are as-
sured, been engaged for her Majesty and suite for the ensu-
ing summer. Nothing could have exceeded the kindness and
affability displayed by the Queen Dowager, not only to the
officers of the ship which had - the honour of conveying her
to Malta, but to Naval and military officers of all ranks with
whom she chanced to come into contact during her excur-
sion. To the officers of the Hastings, indeed she has, to
employ the language of our correspondent, been " all kind-
ness, and goodness, and impressed every one about her with
the conviction that she is one of the best and noblest spirited
women in existence."—United Service Gazette.

CONSERVATIVE TRIUMPH AT OXFORD.—Oxford, March
30.—The Conservatives of this borough have this day
achieved a triumph as unexpected as it was decisive. The
death of Mr. Cook caused a vacancy in the East Ward, the
most Radical ward in Oxford, they (the Radicals) having
always returned their candidates by large majorities at the
head of the poll. In the present case, Mr. Jones, a Dissen-
ter, the Radical Candidate, had 24 hours' start of Mr. Grif-
fith, the Conservative. The election of the latter was con-
ducted by Mr. W. Brunner, the new Conservative agent,
under whose auspices this glorious victory had been achieved,
the numbers at the close of the poll being for Mr. Griffith,
147 ; Mr. Jones, 138 ; majority 9. On the numbers being
announced the bells of the city church were set ringing, and
carriages proceeded around the town amidst the enthusiastic
congratulations of the Conservative party. A Conservative
Association is about to be formed, with htur. Brunner as
agent, and Oxford will ultimately redeem the character it
has lost in returning one Radical to parliament.
UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA.—The province Or
district of Maine, in which the very recent hostile movement
of our American neighbours took place, was, before the re-
volutionary war, a district of Massachusetts. It is the extreme
northern division of the United States territory, is bounded
on the north and east by Canada and New Brunswick ; west
by New Hampshire. It comprises nine counties, has several
navigukle rivers—namely, the Penobscot, Kennebeck, St.
John, St. Croix, &c., with several lakes. The land is ele-
vated, but not mountianous ; much of it is arable, and the
soil is very fertile. the hop plant grows quite spontane-
ously in this country ; the heat in summer is intense, and
the cold is extreme in winter, the lakes and rivers being
passable on the ice from Christmas to the middle of March.
It has extensive forests of white pine, spruce, maple, beech,
white and grey oak, yellow birch, &c, ; these form its chief
exports, and it is about the right of cutting this timber (on
one or other side of a line) that the hostile movement has
taken place. It is about 250 miles long, and nearly 200
broad.

NEW ERA IN AGRICULTURE.-A gentleman has just ar-
rived from Georgia, who has brought with him a new colossal
and prolific clover-seed from Bokharia, which he is going to
submit to Mr. London. According to the accounts of the
most celebrated travellers who have visited that distant and
important country, which is equal in climate to that of Great
Britain, all grains, herbs, and vegetables distinguish them-
selves by their gigantic growth. The clover seed just im-
ported grows to the enormous height of twelve to fifteen
feet, and can be cut every month. But this is not the only
valuable property of this most extraordinary production of
the vegetable kingdom. Out of the stem a hemp is prepared
which is •so highly esteemed in the distant region of which
it is a native, that preference is given to it over all other sorts
of it. Should the plan succeed in England, and of which
there can be but little doubt, it will form a new era by ren-
dering this country independent of foreign supplies of clover
seed. It is fortunate that it has arrived in time to be tried
this year. It must be sown in April. It is said that each
grain will produce 30,000 seeds.

DEFEAT OF THE SALFORD LIBERALS.—The friends and
partisans of Mr. Joseph Brotherton have sustained a most
humiliating defeat, in the neighbouring borough, during the
present week. The occasion was the annual meeting of ley-
payers to pass the accounts of the overseers, and to elect
fresh officers in their stead, when not only did the conserva-
tives reject the accounts—on the very proper and justifiable
plea that they contained items that the overseers were not
justified in charging upon the ratepayers, but that conserva-
tive overseers were appointed by a majority of at least 15 to
1. This result is important, not only as showing the strength
of the conservative party in a very gratifying point of view,
but as rescuing the list of parliamentary voters from the cus-
tody of persons whose past conduct was no guarantee for the
purity and fairness of their future acts. Convenient " acci-
dents" and "oversights" to the disadvantage of Mr. Gar-
nett's friends will not hitherto occur so frequently as they
were wont to do, and even in political warfare some degree
of care and accuracy is desirable. However, we can well af-
ford to forego a little pleasantry at the expense of our oppo-
nents in the present instance ; though, whilst we compliment
the conservatives on the success of their exertions, we cannot
help congratulating the Reverend Mr. Brotherton on the
prospect now open to him of retiring to the congenial quietude
and seclusion of private life.—Manchester Courier.
That incorrigible caitiff, Mr. Joseph Hume, economist
and Greek loan jobber, has absolutely had the face to pro-
claim his indignation that her Majesty the Queen Dowager,
should have been permitted to go out and be allowed to re-
turn passenger in the Hastings ; for, as the Standard justly
remarks, his hullabaloo really amounts to this—the Queen
having volunteered to defray to the last farthing the extra
expenses of her voyage out and home ; yet, this same catiff,
who has the impudence to talk of the quantity of money
thrown away upon officers of the navy, had not a single
qualm of conscience in assisting to vote away two millions
and a half of the public money, in aid of one of the foulest
and most disgraceful jobs that has ever been perpetrated in
this or any other country—we allude to the Irish Railway
Commission! This precious conservator of the public trea-
sure has the audacity to complain of the absorption of a few
thousands per annum, in pay and pensions, to the veterans of
the late war and suggests, for he insinuates as much, if he
dares not recommend it, that upwards of 4,000 officers of the
British navy should be deprived of their half-pay and pen-
sions, because it is their misfortune to be unemployed. Nay,
a British naval officer, Captain Pechell, who assisted in the
perpetration of the foul job alluded to, and who has been a
participator in many other jobs hardly less disgraceful, ac-
tually stands by whilst this villainous opinion is being
broached; without uttering one syllable in behalf of his op-
pressed and slandered brother officers.—United Service
Gazette.

CORN-LAW AGITATION IN MANCHESTER AN IMPOS-
TURE.—" Work the corn-laws," was the parting advice of
Poulett Thomson to his constituents, of the Chamber; and
Mr. George William Wood was weak enough to lend him-
self to a trick which, with unquestionable honesty of inten-
tion, he had not sagacity to see through. The attempt to
persuade the legislature and the country that the Manchester
manufacturers had any violent desire for change in the corn-
laws—that they were prepared to sanction any rash or preci-
pitate legislation—Or, still more, to compromise the interests
of any class of their fellow countrymen, and to menace the
public tranquillity, if such changes were not effected—was
an audacious imposture, and it has met with the fate which
all impostures merit. Mr. Poulett Thomson has had the
mortification to find himself in an odious minority ; to hear
himself denounced by the Premier as a madman ; to feel him-
self and his colleagues incurably weakened by his folly ; and
though last, not least, we may whisper in his ear that he has
cut off his last chance of again sitting as member for Man-
chester. Mr. G. W. Wood has reduced himself to the piti-
able necessity of whining an apology whenever he appears in
public ; and the Chamber of Commerce, unable to find a
president, and deserted by every individual of weight and in-
fluence, has sunk into utter:oblivion and contempt. Such is
the due reward this noisy and selfish clique have met with,
for misrepresenting the town of Manchester, and rendering
its very name odious throughout the length and breadth of the
land. In truth, among the great body of opulent and influ-
ential manufacturers, the question is regarded with compar-
ative indifference, at all events, is made the subject of calm
and deliberate disscussion, with a perfectly just estimate of
the rights of others ; and not perverted into a topic of irrita-
tion and excitement. There may be. and we believe there is,
a general inclination to a fixed duty among this class, to
whom, indeed, such a change would be an unmixed advantage,
but they are not the less sensible of the practical difficulties
in the way of such an arrangement, and of the impossibilty of
reconciling it, under numerous contingencies, to the interest
of both the farmer and the public. We can confidently aver
that the universal feeling here is one of satisfaction at the
termination of the discussion. The character, no less than
the amount, of the majority gives assurance of the finality of
the settlement ; and there is no disposition to murmur if the
urgent national affairs pressing for attention are entered upon
in an earnest, active, and English spirit.—Manchester
Courier.

THE DEATH OF THE SPERM WHALE.—Mad with the
agony which the whale endures from the attacks made upon
him, the infuriated " sea beast" rolls over and over, and coils
an amazing length of line around him ; he rears his enor-
mous head, and, with wide-expanded jaws, snaps at every -
thing around. He rushes at the boats with his head; they
are propelled before him with vast swiftness, and sometimes
utterly destroyed. He is lanced again, *hen his pain appears
more than, he can bear ; he throws himself, in his agony,
completely out of his element ; the boats are violently jerked,
by which one of the lines is snapped asunder ; at the same
time the olten-boat is upset, and its crew are swimming for
their lives. The whale is now free : he passes along the sur.,
face with remarkable swiftness, " going head out ;" but the
two boats that have not yet fastened," and are fresh and
free, now give chase. The whale becomes exhausted from
the blood which flows from his deep and dangerous wounds,
and the 200 fathoms of line belonging to the overturned boat,
which he is dragging after him through the water, checks
him in his course ; his pursuers again overtake him, and
another harpoon is darted, and buried deeply in his flesh.
The men who were upset now right their boat without assis-
tance from the others, by merely clinging on one side of her,
by which she is turned over, while one of them gets inside,
and bales out the water rapidly with his hat, by which the
boat is freed, and she is soon again in the chase. The fatal
lance, is at length given,—the blood gushes from the nostrils
of the unfortunate animal in a thick black stream, which
stains the clear blue water of the ocean to a considerable
distance round the scene of the affray. The immense crea-
ture may now again endeavour to " sound," to escape from
his unrelenting pursuers ; but it is powerless,—it soon rises
to the surface, and passes slowly along until the death pang
seizes it, when its appearance is awful in the extreme. The
whole strength of its enormous frame is set in motion for a
few seconds, when his convulsions throw him into a hundred
different contortions of the most violent descriptions, by
which the sea is beaten into foam, and boats are sometimes
crushed to atoms, with their crews in them. But this violent
action being soon over, the now unconscious animal passes
swiftly along, describing in his rapid course a segment of a
circle ; this is in his " flurry," which ends in his sudden dis-
solution. The mighty rencontre is finished by the gigantic
animal rolling over on its side, and floating an inanimate mass
on the surface of the crystal deep,—a victim to the tyranny
and selfishness, as well as a wonderful proof of the great
powers of the mind of man.—Beale's History.

LORD MELBOUNE AND MR. VAN BUREN.—Looking at
it in every point of view, we have sometimes come to the be-
lief that the unfortunate and delicate situations into which
two great and glorious nations have been brought have been
matured and engendered by the poor, miserable, offal, loafer,
kitchen cabinets of each—the one headed by the imbecile
Melbourne, the other by the imbecile Van Buren. To our
mind, England and the United States resemble two gallant,
chivalric men, whose worthless agents and pretended advisers
have brought them on the field of honour to shed their blood
on a mere point of empty etiquette, while the pickpockets
look on, laugh at the sport, and do a snug business m their
line during the Inell.—New York Afornina Herald.

LIVERPOOL MECHANICS' INSTITUTION

LECTURES ON ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.

On Wednesday week R. ,H. Brett, Esq. M.A. terminated the
admirable course which he has been delivering at this excellent
Institution. The following lecture is well worthy of perusal, as it
tends to disprove the long and generally received theory of the
cause of dark coloured and red blood, as well as that of the source
of animal heat.
I mentioned in a former lecture that a very characteristic dif-
ference existed between animal and vegetable substances, from the
circumstance that the former contains a , considerable quantity of
azote or nitrogen, and that when this principle exists in vegetable
substances, it is to be considered as an exception to the general
rule, whereas the absence of the same element in animal bodies
•may be considered as an exception. I also observed that there are
several simple elements which belong not only to the organic,
but to the mineral or inorganic kingdom, such for example as sul-
phur and phosphorus. Animal substances differ very materially from
vegetable bodies in the products which we obtain by the destructive
action of heat upon such substances. When a vegetable substance
is submitted to the action of heat, we find it resolved into certain
gases and fluids, the latter being for the most part of an acid cha-
racter, whereas in the case of animal principles when they are sub-
mitted to destructive distillation, the products are for the most part
alkaline, depending upon the production of the volatile alkali am-
monia. But there is an important suhstance very frequently ob-
tained by the distillation of animal substances, gaseous in its ordi-
nary form, but under certain circumstances capable of assuming
a liquid form, termed cyanogen, a combination of two elements,
carbon and azote. The production of this gaseous compound by
the action of heat upon animal or organic suhstances characterizes
them, and distinguishes them to a very great extent from other
forms of organic bodies, especially from those derived from the
vegetable kingdom. If therefore we submit to the action of a very
high temperature, an animal substance, we shall find that instead
of having those products evolved, which we met with in the cases
of vegetable bodies, such as certain inflammable gases and a fluid
acid, we shall obtain the volatile alkali ammonia, and the peculiar
gas called cyanogen, a compound of carbon and azote. Unless we
have some moans of preventing the escape of this gas, it is carried
off with the other products in a state of vapour, combined with
water, but there are means by which we can fix it and prevent its
escape, we then are able to examine it carefully and ascertain its
peculiar properties. For the purpose of fixing this gas we combine
it with some base. The metallic oxide commonly used for this pur-
pose is potass. Let us enquire what changes take place when the
animal substance is brought into contact with potass. The organic
substance of animal origin being composed of carbin, azote,
oxygen and hydrogen has all these elements seperated by the effect
of heat. A portion of the carbin combines with the oxygen and
with the hydrogen to form carbonic acid, carburetted hydrogen,
and carbonic oxide gases, while a considerable portion of the car-
bon unites with the azote and forms cyanogen, and this latter com-
pound having a powerful affinity for metals, unites with the potas-
sium in consequence of the oxygen of the potass being removed in
the form of carbonic acid or carbonic oxide, by means of the carbon
separated from the animal substance at the high temperature to
which it is submitted. We therefore obtain a compound, consist-
ing of the gaseous cyanogen and the metal potassium, and we have
to transfer this compound gas to other metals, for I may observe
that its combination with potassium is somewhat fixed, and is not
capable of separation at the temperature to which the mixture has
been submitted. We are in the habit of mixing a quantity of iron
with the animal substance, and we thus have a quantity of iron
united with the same gas as potassium, and this compound forms a
salt well known in commerce, under the term prussiate of potass,
a yellow salt used for chemical purposes and in the fine arts. Here
then we have a mixture of the salt with iron, but upon mixing it
with another portion of iron we are able to transfer a much larger
quantity of the cyanogen to the iron, and form a salt termed Prus-
sian blue, which consists of a large portion of cyanogen and iron.
This Prussian blue will not give up its cyanogen by heat, therefore
we are obliged to. transfer it to some metal which wtll yield it upon
the application of heat. Such a metal is mercury. If we boil the
Prussian blue with mercury, we shall transfer the cyanogen to the
mercury, and obtain a combination of the gaseous cyanogen with
metallic mercury, and it is from this that we obtain cyanogen in
its pure form. This will appear to be a complicated process, but It
is one which is constantly resorted to in the arts, or when we wish
to obtain cyanogen for chemical purposes. Having obtained the
gaseous cyanogen in combination with mercury. we shall simply
apply heat to this salt, and the cyanogen is disengaged in the form
of gas. I have placed in this small retort a portion of the cyanide
of mercury, and upon the application of a moderate heat we shall
find that the cyanogen gas will be released, and will burn with a
violet or rose coloured flame as it issues from the beak of the retort.
I have stated that under ordinary circumstances cyanogen exists
in a gaseous state, but if you lower the temperature and subject it
to pressure, it is capable of assuming a liquid form. Professor Fa-
raday was the first to condense many of thegases, and he succeeded
by a simple experiment in condensing cyanogen gas. All that is
necessary is to be supplied with a strong tube, bent so as to form an
obtuse angle. Into one of the branches of this tube a combination
of cyanogen with mercury is placed, the other branch is kept cool
by a small portion of cotton satured with ether. Both ends of the
tube being closed, heat is applied to that end containing the cyanide
of mercury. The gas is disengaged and unable to escape, for the
tube is subjected to a pressure equivalent to three or four of our
atmospheres, and having its heat abstracted by the evaporation of
the ether, puts on the form of a fluid substance. This fluid, as soon
as the pressure is removed, is immediately dissipated into vapour,
and escapes as cyanogen gas possessing all the properties to which
I have alluded. Cyanogen is capable of combining with Hydrogen,
ane forms a very peculiar substance called prussic acid. We cannot
combine cyanogen and hydrogen to form prussic acid by the simple
combiNiation of its elements. It is necessary that the hydrogen
and the cyanogen should be in what is called a nascent state. If
therefore we cause cyanogen and hydrogen gases to come together
in a nascent state, they will unite in definite proportions, and pro-
duce the poisonous acid called prussic acid. This substance is very
volatile, but is capable of being condensed by the application of
cold ; so extremely volatile is it, that if a drop of it be placed
upon a glass plate or piece of paper, its evaporation will be so
rapid as to produce sufficient cold to freeze or solidify the remainder.
The ordinary mode of obtaining prussic acid mixed with water, i
by the decomposition of some substance which contains cyanogen
in the form of a salt, such as the cyanide of mereury or the prus-
siate of potass. If therefore we submit the combination of cy-
anogen and mercury to the action of muriatic acids, which is corn •
pounded of chlorine and hydrogen, we shall find that the chlorine
will leave the hydrogen of the acid to combine with mercury,
while the hydrogen will unite with the cyanogen set free, to form
prussic acid. If, moreover, we take the double combination of cy-
anogen and iron and cyanogen and potass, we shall find that the
prussic acid is also formed, for the same reason, for cyanogen is
set free from its combination with potasssium and iron, and unites
with the hydrogen it obtains from the water, and in this case also
is converted into prussic acid which may be condensed in water.
It is in this manner that prussic acid is obtained jn a weak form
mingled with water. Prussic acid being a compound of cyanogen
and hydrogen, we should expect that we could transfer its cyanogen
to a metal in the same way as we transferred the cyanogen in the
form of cyanide of potassium to iron or to mercury, and such is the
case. In this bottle I have some prussic acid containing a large
quantity of water, but if I drop a small quantity of it into a glass
of water containing a solution of nitrate of silver, we shall find
that the cyanogen of the prussic acid will take the metal, whilst the
oxygen of the oxide of silver will combine with the hydrogen to
produce water, We shall therefore find a white bulky deposit which
consists simply of cyanogen and metallic silver. This compound of
cyanogen and silver is very readily decomposed, while the mere
application of heat will cause the cyanogen to be given off, and
pure metallic silver will remain behind. Hence you can conceive a
very simple mode of analyzing this compound of cyanogen, and
ascertaining the exact weight of each of its ingredients. When
driven off by heat, the cyanogen will burn with its characteristic
violet or lilac coloured flame, and pure silver will remain. This
salt, therefore, like the one in which the cyanogen was combined
with mereury, is readily decomposed at elevated temperatures. In
consequence of the readiness with which cyanogen combines with
metals,:and in consequence of the coloured compounds which it thus
forms, we can very readily ascertain the existence of these metals.
I have stated that when the cyanogen is combined with iron, it
produces a blue compound termed Prussian blue. In order then to
ascertain the presence of prussic acid we place it under such cir-
cumstances that it will give up its cyanogen to iron, when the
characteristic blue colour which will be struck is indicative of
Prussian blue. I have in this glass a mixture of two salts of iron—
the protosalt and the persalt—and if to it I add a portion of prussic
acid mixed with an alkali, we shall find that the cyanogen will unite
with the iron and produce the characteristic blue colour called
Prussian blue npon the addition of a little acid. This experiment
will also serve for detecting the presence of prussic acid in any fluid.
When prussic acid is' added to a salt of copper, under the same
circumstances as ferruginous salts in the preceding experiment, no
blue colour is obtained, but a white one with a yellowish tinge, a
combination of cyanogen and copper. When that peculiar salt
which is composed of cyanide of iron and cyanide of potassium,
termed prussiate of potass, is mixed with a salt of iron—with what
is termed the red sulphate of iron—we obtain a dark blue-coloured
substance called Prussian blud ; and the precipitation of this iron
salt by prussiate of potash is one of the steps of the process to which
I alluded at the commencement of the lecture, by which cyanogen
is obtained ; the cyanogen being afterwards transferred from the
Prussian blue to mercury. The cyanogen has in this case been,
transferred from the potass into combination with the iron. If, on
the contrary, we add prussiate of potass to a salt of copper, we
shall obtain a compound altogether different from the one we ob-
served when we added prussic acid, combined with an alkali, to
the salt of copper. We shall not obtain a mere combination of
cyanogen with copper, but a substance composed of cyanogen,
iron, and copper. In other words, the iron and cyanogen, which
were in the prussiate of potash, will be transferred to the copper,
and a brown-coloured deposit will be the result. This change of
coleur, by the addition of this substance to certain metallic salts,
very generally characterises this salt, and we employ such means
for detecting the presence of these salts in chemical analysis. I
have stated that when the salt called prussiate of potass is added
to the red sulphate of iron, a deep blue colour is produced. If, on
the contrary, we add it to the salt of iron called the proto salt, or
one which contains much less oxygen than the red salt, instead of
obtaining a dark blue precipitate, we shall obtain a white one.
This precipitate, when exposed to the atmosphere, will first become
green and afterwards blue. In this case we obtain a compound of
cyanogen, iron, and 'potassium; the quantity of the potassium
being less than the quantity of the iron. Prussic acid is capable of
combining with sulphur, and forming a curious acid termed the
sulpho-cyanic acid, a corspound of sulphur, hydrogen, and cyano-
gen. This is the simplest view of this acid, but there is a substance
which we are capable of separating in a distinct form, consisting
of definite proportions of sulphur and cyanogen, called sulpho.
cyanogen, and this, by combination with hydrogen, forms sulpho

cyanic acid, in the same way as cyanogen and hydrogen form
hydro-cyanic acid. This sulpho-cyanic acid possesses the peculiar
property of forming a deep blood-red colour in combination with
iron, when the latter is in the state of a red oxide. This is an ex-
tremely delicate test for the presence of iron in the state of a red
oxide.

Having thus dwelt upon the production of cyanogen, from the
destruction of animal substances by heat, and having noticed some
of its more striking properties, I proceed to the consideration of a
few others of the proximate principles derived from animal bodies,
and here I may remark that the number of proximate animal prin-
ciples which science has made knoWn to us are extremely few.
Such, however, as are known to us, are separated from each other
by means of different solvents, and we bring to our aid hot and cold
water, alcohol, and ether. As in the vegetable kingdom, there are
many principles soluble in some of these fluids, which are insoluble
in others. A very abundant proximate animal substance, termed
gelatin, is one to which I will now direct your attention. There are
very few substances of animal origin which do not contain this pe-

collar substance, and it, like certain vegetable proximate principles,
is only soluble in certain menstrua, as for example in hot water,
and it possesses the property of forming a solid gelatinous mass,
when the fluid which previously held it is allowed to cool. But by

far the most striking property belonging to this principle is its rela-
tion to tannin, a peculiar substance abundantly met with in the
gall-nut and certain forms of bark. In this glass I have a solution

n de
of tannin, to which I shall add a small portion of gelatin, tod
posit will be formed. Now, this deposit which takes Place ',
chemically speaking, the same thing as leather. Ris a combinaninsi
of gelatin and the principle called tannin. There are in the an.
kingdom some very interesting facts connected with the solid forstt
tions of the structure of animals, and more paitiodarlY
structure which is termed bone. Ordinary bone contains a
derable quantity of gelatin, the substance to which I have
alluded, a solid peculiar, in a great degree, to the animal kingta,
Bone consists in a great measure of lime combined with
hPol'aid
phoric acid and of lime combined with carbonic acid. We s, the
expect, therefore, upon the application of heat to bone that
the
gelatin which enters its structure would be dissipated, and til_ and
earthy substances would remain behind, and such, indeed, we
a,
to be the case. The formation of what is called ivory blaelt'ed
better form of charcoal, sometimes called animal charcoal, is obtained
by the action of heat upon bones. When the bones are subject
to a high temperature, in an iron cylinder, the animal principles
decomposed and certain gases disengaged. A large (maw
ammonia in combination with carbonic acid is set free, and mat'
be
collected in proper vessels. The iron retort, after the operation
terminated, contains the animal charcoal entirely free from an` ateval
mal substance. This animal charcoal is removed from theofre
and placed in vessels containing water, to prevent the actin°i
atmosphere upon it, for if the carbonized bone, as soon as relua‘.
from the cylinder, were placed in a situation to allow of the acce
of atmospheric air, even at the temperature at which the stills!. ner
da
is removed from the retort, the carbon would combine with
in
oxygen of the atmosphere to form carbonic acid, and we should° lie
nothing more than the white salt, consisting of Phosphate f
and carbonate of lime. Now this method of separating the carao
from bone, which has been subjected to a high temperature, is
very speedy method. If we employ the action of hydrogen
eS
shall be able to get rid of the charcoal and to leave behind the
salts, phosphate and carbonate of lime. From the pbosPhat eia
lime, which is obtained by the decomposition of ordinary boned',
obtain our supply of phosphorus, phosphate of lime being a ,
pound of phosphoric acid and lime. If we take a solution of P,
0';
phoric acid, and add to it a salt of lime, we shall find that naellof
will take place, but upon the addition of a small quantitia
alkali to unite with the acid, we shall find that the lime wil'ae
with phosphoric acid, forming the phosphate of lime, which C,,7e 10
bone. Carbonate of lime also exists in considerable ettanb"i 91-0.
almost all bone, but the quantity of phosphate of lime predeni",lolg
Phosphorus is obtained by separating the lime from the Ph°'..e. at
acid, and then by decomposing the phosphoric acid to get rid et
oxygen, by which the phosphorus is set free. This is done by
of charcoal. Phosphorus is sometimes met with in a free ea
organic substances, especially in the brain, and there are se'leaa
periments which go to show that a considerable quantity a 0., 0
phorus may be obtained in a free state in that organ. SulP,bl at,
I have before stated, exists somewhat abundantly in organic aa
stances, has been found both in a free state and in oond'Ailiat
with oxygen. It is a well known fact, that the white and ee
especially the yolk of an egg contains sulphur in a free state.
e,,
dinary bone contains sulphur in a free state, for it is found pc,
periments that if we separate the earthy substances froth
by means of muriatic acid, that we are not able, by tolle
„a•
dition of the most delicate test, to get any indication °f
joie
phuric acid or of sulphur ; but if, on the ether hand, eve at
thd bone, we convert the sulphur contained in it into suTteoeta
acid, and we then are able, by proper tests, to prove the e'u:„ ty
of sulphuric acid. The same thing obtains with respect
l°
of phosphorus in the bone. In this jar I have sonie.7o.l
rime gas, and, as phosphorus is capable of combining energesaie
with chlorine, spontaneous combustion takes place upon l'l7oo
rus. Sulphur as I have just stated occurs in a free state in aPof its
substance, but as we might suppose from the circumstance„
having an affinity for oxygen, that it is for the most part°t
in combination with it in the state of sulphuric acid.
arts
Quitting, then, th e consideration of those organic subst
which enter into the composition of animal matters, I Inencee4ao.
the notice of a salt, the carbonate of lime, which occurs very 8- a
dantly in nature, and which is very frequently regarded as one
mineral production, or strictly inorganic. But we are n°sv
fectly aware that that abundant class of substances termed sl,.aa ti.
composed almost entirely of carbonate of lime ; and recent hites
„,,a.
gations have also shewn that almost all the cretaceous deposits
.a,'lo.
ing those extensive series of rocks which are recognized b)' Pio,
gists, are made up, not of amorphous carbonate of lime, but rce.
sil shells, composed of carbonate of lime. This circumstaneeat",,
fore, compels us to recognize the cretaceous deposits in hat" tend
resulting from those changes which have taken place in ante,
substances. The composition of the fossil shells differs very Posa
indeed, from that of the recent shells ; so that the huge I.° ,de
forming cretaceous deposits are found, microscopically, to be la
up of a series of small shells, composed of carbonate of lime.
np-
Amongst the numerous animal substances which have cone
pose
der the consideration of organic chemists, there is,' perbaPsaand
which has been of more peculiar interest than the considerau'oa
the chemical constitution of the blood. It is not myinte:raor
however, in this lecture, to dwell at any length upon its
chemical proximate principles, but to direct your attention to to
or three points of interest, as regards the relations of the bl er,
the atmosphere, and also in respect to the change which it 101
goes in respiration, and in the production of what is termed
en'ail
heat. It is sufficient for my purpose to state, that the ellast
flpid called blood is one of great complexity, consisting of 3 die
nuanber of proximate principles, and a great number of in°r" our
substances or salts. Blood is met with in two states. In the
y'"
case it is dark, and commonly termed venous ; in the other retool
called arterial. It was generally supposed that the dark e°l°,loo,
venous blood is capable of being converted into the red, or ar,4o
by the action of oxygen, and it was also believed that the °•",00
of the atmosphere, in coming into contact with the venous, °riot
coloured blood in the lungs, converts it into blood. It nova d
ever, would appear, from recent experiments, that the cox);
_a° 00
the atmosphere has no specific property whatever in eoir'eertotaza.
dark coloured blood into the red blood. A very common e> to
ment, employed for the purpose of shewing the conversion '1,44S
dark coloured blood into arterial, by the abstraction of osigeTaalf
to agitate the dark blood in a vessel with oxygen, when it cen
becomes red. But, as I have said, this circumstance does%tat.
pend upon the abstraction of oxygen, but upon the removal
to
bonic acid from the blood. If by any means we can take rr°l:fea
blood the carbonic acid, it would be rendered red. Such, h°:,oo4l'
is not the case unless certain saline substances be present arta
therefore, we place blood under such circumstances that the c,dgo
ni.c acid shall be removed, these saline matters act upon the u•'o
coloured venous blocd, and change it to red. Under such eats Or
stances, we should expect that the mere action of oxygen g;
the atmospheric air, when the venous blood is separated fro , ft'
saline ingredients, would not redden it ; and such we find t' bob
case. If a poltion of the dark coloured blood be agitated in "'ear
so that the saline substances shall be removed, we shall nna ha
no exposure to oxygen will change its colour ; thereby shottesa
it is not owing to the simple action of the oxygen. ExPe;oo4
have been made to show that carbonic acid does exist in
blood, and it is found, when blood is placed in a jar contain. atilwaal
drogen gas, that, in obedience to the laws governing the diai;ge,
of gases, carbonic acid .gas is taken out of the blood, and nice of
with the hydrogen. We are this able to detect the existe!aiar
carbonic acid in the blood, and -we can even show, by S"•" lye
this red blood to carbonic acid, that it can be again blackened
fact of carbonic acid existing in considerable quantities M the iitOe
has led to many interesting theories, as to the changes
place during respiration ; and it is a well known fact, that hid
nary inspiration a very large quantity of carbonic acid is disello
from the lungs. To such an extent is this the case, that tra
breathe into lime water, or into a solution of barytes in watee
quantity of carbonic acid which we expire is sufficient to oallg4 ne
abundant deposition of carbonate of barytes, or lime. It
rally supposed that the changes which take place in the pr°`—taile,
of this carbonic acid are exceedingly simple. Thus, for ex
of the
that the oxygen of the atmosphere unites with the carbon r
blood when it gets into the lungs, and forms carbonic acid, Wiliaca
expired. This, at first sight, would appear very reasonable, oc
this theory we resorted for a long time to explain the cause °ei oaf
mal heat. It was stated that venous blood, when converts last'
arterial blood, became changed as regarded its capacity f°l',o°
that arterial blood possessing a much smaller capacity for llea ale
venous, caused the evolution of heat, and the production (if so,lllr
temperature throughout the human system. But we have,
quire as to the proof of the position, that the union of the " aea'
of the atmosphere with the carbon of the blood does prochi!4 cat'
during respiration; and there is no question that carbonic acloi
the
be formed in the animal system independent of the oXYgen, ape.
atmosphere, and, that in fact, it is a phenomenon dependell 01/
vital agency. This fact was first discovered by confining as
in hydrogen gas, no oxygen whatever being present, and; e, tf
found that the quantity of carbonic acid produced in even'
ane
the respiratory movements of the animals, was more than '''vecii°
the bulk of the animal, and as there could be no possible
,e(i jatha
source from which the animal could originate carbonic acr,cale‘of
lungs, we have reason for supposing, that the elementary
entering into the composition of living structures are caPeeti;
uniting and forming carbonic acid, and, moreover, as thellice,
meets have shown, that the quantities of carbonic acid dise-o
during respiration during such circumstances in hydrogen, tee
equal to, or even in some cases more than that producet'r it
iaac
same animal, when allowed to respire in ordinary atransPli
we have no reason to imagine, that under ordinary resPirati °abiar
carbonic acid evolved from the lungs is the result of the C9-.,ftere'
fie
tion of the carbon of the blood with the oxygen of the atnaaa,
but depends entirely upon the vital action. You will, then as 04'
from what I have said, that we cannot look to the lungs (ePi
source of animal heat, but, that, in all probability, the lieadiff,
s
doubtless heat is produced when carbonic acid is formed,) 04;
all over the system, that it is not generated in the lungaanl“, aag
over, that part of the system does not possess such a Ina aed
of temperature as would warrant the supposition. aaaaotacts
I have now brought these lectures to a close, having C1'441'4.44
to lv before you a few of the more important and straiacaaeaa
connected with organic chemistry. The numerous tns,,ret,ifft
which are daily taking place in this department of knowleaa,,o to et
it an extremely difficult task to keep pace with than. "atailif,,
readily imagine, how utterly impossible it would be in a re I. C
lectures necessarily so limited as the present to give O° 01;01
general outline of the subject. I would, however, advise sue
my audience whose inclination may lead them to stlitlYper4",
science, not to neglect that department which I have so 'nil, sP,
introduced to them in these lectures. Let not the want °ale n' of
application of facts deter them from the attempt, for sratiol!ea.
most brilliant discoveries which have excited the adrnr are% d
man, have been brought before the world long before tbeloatiliadi
tion was found out. The immortal discoverer of the ed:ea„s eaaao
the blood, never could have anticipatedthe great applicato,;iad
were made of tbis discovery in after times. The mast°rcir
Oa I
clearly propounded the law of definite proportions, w.",ae 10 its
sequent experience has shown to he as immutable aS ~,piate,;c4l
gravitation itself, did not, I will venture to affirm, contes"-pageoe
full application in every branch of theoretical as Well aaet
chemistry. Its truth is equaly manifest, whether we la, aol
study of the chemist upon the fraction of a gr are Is'
the laboratories of the manufacturer,
limited to tons of material. Amongst the many
bouring is the fields of science, there must be some wn"as,throa4
with the reward of their labour in the discovery of new trnthe Pe of,
it by no means follows, that they themselves maY be pet tol,ll,
whose operatin: ace,
to apply those truths, and every man who adds one nevtzioaes,
present knowledge, has an undoubted claim to the gra,, „f the ae'
fellow men. For, although, we do not deny the truth a" alio,
ral preposition that the great end and aim of seietteilie co act;
directed to the relieving the wants, and the adding to a the Pd
of of mankind, still, we claim for the abstract philosonitr;. saou'or tO
lege of enjoying knowledge for its own sake alone. 004",
suffer our notions of its utility so fax to warp
lead us to the conclusion, that nothing can he useftng
our judira",,, theaa
which cannot be available in practice, by which reasVtaphY satiola I
become the disciples of that exclusive ssystem of elm° ao cue a~
considers the motto " Cui Bono" as its only incentive, yea ea
Allow me to thank you, for, the kind manner in stingwhtfatel*
received these lectures, and if I have succeeded in illusLaaa
at all to your satisfaction, it is mainly owing to the abler,7 01,"
assistance which I have received from my friend' pre`
aas
Radcliff.
• teresting, aciaa,se
[ln terminating our reports of these highly ill „re '1 for
we have, in common wbith those who had the eleo S"'srett.
_AP 0
them delivered, to tender our acknowledgments to Dr.,asFai
treat we have enjoyed, and we understand, that sohight) .0-10e"ecl ti;
the Directors of the Institution been with the manner,a'coaelliat
skillful chemist has performed his task, that they ha: ea.in
him an unanimous vote of thanks. We Can only 'B-:Yother
tlt
sion, that we taut it will not be long before we have ta",oa,er
tunity afforded us of listening to Dr. Brett upon "`
numerous branches of chemical science.]

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