Star.
London, England, 1818-01-02 00:00:00

of the Reformation,

did sot originate-

wfth Princes, Courtiers or Nobles, but With the third
estate, which from Many causes easily traced' in the
last quarter of the middle age, was then ripe for ec-
clesiastical and religious freedom; so in our days the,
powerftil impulse towards representative constitutions
miginated with cabinets and political boards, no
More than with the populace, but with the noblest
men of the highly cultivated third estate, which for
centuries has already infect represented the intellec-
tual and moral power of the European nation, and
has now.attained to that maturity that it is entitled
to represent the civil and political liberty of Euro-
pean humanity, to bring them into public discussion
anti to assert their claims.
Let usnot deceive ourselves respecting the spirit
of our hlnes; MO years ago the sprit of that age
coultrniAther be restrained by the diplomacy of
eltarkis'the Fifth, nor by the bloody tribunals of
Albs; nor by the holy league of the crafty Vice-
Chancellor Held, nor by the newly organized satel-
lites'of Rome—the order of the Jesuits. In his cell
the Lord of two quarters of the world found that he
vain against the spirit of his age ; and
frutti the grave of Egmont arose the palm of Dutch
liberty. A few diSorderi in our days will be as little
vable to Orient' the triumph of the good cause of po-
Alitical Protestantism, as the good cause of religious
Protestantism could be endangered by the tumults
of Carlstadt, fanaticism and exaltation, the mystical
new Zion of the Anabaptists of Munster, and such
like disorders inseparable from great revolutions.
This much may our age learn from the struggle of
the 16th century, that these kingdoms and states
frame boa off when Prinee and people, in an under-
standing with each other, adopted the new system;
tills was.shewn by Frederic the Wise, of Saxbny ;
tiAsttivias Visa, Elizabeth, &c., How. mini streams
eff blood would Francis the First aild •W4wy the'
Eighth have spared their people, if they hid tinder;
stoo&the principles of Protestantism ? How Would,
Orhasies the Fifth shine in history, if he had had tact
eneugh to avail himself of the new system, instead If
oscillating between the two, and failing in the pitiful,
usinneT he did? •
Wilqt Olen are the principles of the political Pro-
testarplim of our days ? This is a subject respecting
which it would. bs too much to expect a universal
agreement. Ent there can be no question that it is
the following simple propositions, by Which the sys-
tem of civil and political liberty differs essentially
from feudalism and sultanisni-Ist, The state rests
on contract-2d, The ruling power, flowing from
the sovereignty of the people, rests on the being de-
livered over; ruler and people are two equal Tian-
; but the ruler represents the sovereignty of the
ptople and is, on that account, personally inviolablet•
the hereditary dynasty of the rulers is most suitable
to right, history, and the interests of the people ; thiS
k the only rational acdati of legitiaincli-3dly, The
rights of the people are represented and managed by
free Representatives chosen by the people andindb-
pendent of the Government, who in common with
die Tpieragree respecting. the Constitution, and have
(Taal part in the legislative power (the constitution

FROX TiliiitaCH F ftONTIERS, ABC. itt.
, It is still positively asserted at the head-quarcont.ot
the Duke of Wellington. that up to this mtment no
diminution of the Aroty of Occußationis thought of.
The reporcnf .ihii.,:apploaching departure of the
Danish, Saxon anil:-liane:revian contingents, has
wholly died away. These corps ire to receive, in the
course of the next mottth, some detachritents to fill up
their complement, It is 'supposed that the Allied
,fore Powers will resolve upon nothing in this respect lee-
the end of the present Sitting of the Chamber of
Deputies at Paris. The measures for placing the
'mops of the Army of Occupation in barracks art
eontinue.i along the whole line.
• The prices of corn have lately risen again in-shi
.. .
Northern Departments of France. . ,

KONIGBBRRG, DECEMBER t 6.
The weather is still mild, but our, waters *re
thickly covered with ice. The, prices pf corn still
keep up. • .
Accounts from Memel sate, the house of

eomAl, etchylui a ;:e4-icxl to these proceedings. Our own
tornmErd and the commerce of the world demand
it iSteifeteace. Let them, by their determination;
on the subject, prove to other nations, that, however
y they value liberty and the freedom of state,
it requires something more than the mere name
Patriots to ensure thitir countenance and approbation.
Should negociations not be entered into with
rSpenish Government at an early day of the Session,
we trust and believe that Congress will see the abso-
lute necessity of interposing, and taking possession
of the island of Amelia, with such other ports within
the territories of Spain, in the vicinity of the Uni
States, as may be deemed expedient to counteract
and prevent depredations upon our commerce, as
well as upon the commerce of other nations, from
an unauthorized source. We believe we hazard no-
thing in asserting, that the tine is near at hand, when
both .4melia and Galvestmen will betaken possession v
by our Government, and held for future disposal.

THE NEW CABINET.

The judgment of the Paesinincr has been„ we
think, remarkably. displayed in the selection of his
Cabinet Officers. He.could not have united
greater mass of talent and information. The Gen-
tlemen who now compose the Cabinet Council of the
' nation have been long before the public, and are dis-
; tinguished alike by their literary taste and political
'intelligence.
Mr. ADAMS, the present Secretary of State, has
distinguished himself in the literary and political
world, as a writer and a statesman. In both lie has
evinced ability and knowledge, and deserved well of
his country. In addition to his mental qualifications,
he possesses a habitude for business, and discharges
the laborious duties of his present office with great
regularity and dispatch.
Mr. CRAWPDAD is a man of strong and discrimi-
nating mind, balancing with accuracy, and deciding
with promptitude. Like the present Attorney-Ge-
neral, he owes his elevation to his own intellectual
powers and individual exertions; and offers another
untance of the excellence of our Government; in af-
fording an unlimited field to the operation of intel- '
lect, and a free goal to the attahunent of virtuous'
ambitions He was a good Secretary of War, and is
as good a Minister of Finance. The same energies
imelpoivere are displayed in every thing he under-
takes, and are in all useful to his country.
Mr: CALHOUN, now Secretary of War, is a young
man of fine genius and singular talent. While a
leading member in the popular branch of our na-
tional legislature, he astonished all who heard him,
by the rapidity and fire of his eloquence, and the
quickness and accuracy of his mind. He may, per-
haps, from his youth and the character of his intel-
lect, be too fond of novelties, that are only calculated
to surprise and dazzle, but age will mellow his mind,
and render its efforts more beneficial and salutary.
We doubt not he will execute the duties of his pre-
sent station with ability, and satisfaction, and be a
very useful member of the Cabinet.
Of Mr. Wrier, it is scarcely necessary to add any
thing to what we hate already said of him. He is so
well knows as, a prcifouisd lawyer, a flue speaker, and

follow the era-acts from the Baltimore Papers Tr&
by mistake, placed immediately after the Hambsp
' ; but from their nature, our Readers would 1
diabctilty in referring them to their right place
We must again repeat that the system of tr-Insfe-ng
the sovereignties of disaricts, without even conit..::::.;
the inhabitants, is highly censurable, and to 9,.. -r•
who negociate these transfers—that is t. i'v
Skates of one or both of theta always dangerous;

though they may south themselves with the ccmx

plation of some supposed present advantage. it Mr
be allowed, however, that cases oornainws oerw
which it may be impossible to consult the ptopt
themselves, and this appears to be eisunently the
with Amelia Island. Wrested from its former ire-
reign by an armed force, it has become the Vratd
feuds and contentions, in which the inhabitant 7 --a•

ing generally, have hardly any voluntary pars. 4.
tion. The transactions in this island must be sepsv.t
entirely from the general cause of the Patriots ear
now struggle for independence on the terrefres
South America ; for it has, in fact, become a liege
lawless pirates. Our Readers should keep this rn•
stand y in remembrance--that the parties who magi

for the mastery in that quarter have no regular is''`
course, and form no commas cause with ans of
Patriot parties on, the Main, who an now organ.;
new Governments for the happiness of the pee'
and having for their object the complete emaar.ps•
tion of the people from a foreign despotism, imp
Bible to be borne by men who entertain any i
like correct notions of the duties due from Bolen to
their people—a despotism which would with its ma
oppressions load the people again with all the toms
of the Inquisition.
It is the more necessary to separate the aftit
the Independents from the events transacting is
Amelia Island ; as the abettors of despotism are ea'
scantly endeavouring to have them identified. kid.
purpose of loading the real Patriots with °probing
and reproach. But, even in the present situatics
affairs, a little circumspection should be empl
j with respect to the occupancy of Amelia Islanl•
and, to speak plainly, we really think that our oss
Government should consider of the propriety of taking
posstssison—not with the view of retaining it, but re
prevent worse consequences. It would require but s
word, and when the fit season may arrive for partzt
with it, it will then be time enough to dew mire hes
it should he disposed of.--Suffer the United Sires to
take possession, and the possession of Florida wail fd
low as a matter of course—an occurrence whisk

this country ought certainly to oppose. We ormy
the right of I.III6;J:NAND bO transfer the no.ia--

i- • nt• - - - • nn------n - . -.
. •o• in ' -' •• /
• ,
• , *is . - -„, • 4....a0 .. . ~ 4 /4
• ~ •
.• . .
r . •-• .
'...."...M(...*L"-.----------6.-- ought neither like that. of Wusternbar he framed
;I:,` , for witch upwards of a million men have fallen b a Minion* Council mai laid c.--
tlao ~t,
AMERICAN PAPERS. ' a classical and eegant writer, that to say mere t 4, ~.
praise, would be a work of supererogation. .; •
~.,
:n n within the lest twenty-seven-pears. And as the ob- sentatives, nor lik,e the firs tin France, to a Alf TON, NOVEWIF.R *S. only be observed that he has riseq to the sit .nnnn n
stinate struggle between the terogstinns bad its•in tilt' ercob of a National Assent*, but oat The Mnitilliofitis Catholic Majesty (due Cheva- AttorneigGeneral of the United States, from tenni
-1
tervals• of rest at the termination the Samara,- the work of an equal mamba of persons .• • ape Don Qnis) arrived at the seat of Goverment yes- and and ence, by the superiority of his amid, and ti
dian War, in the Treaty of Passau and the Reli:.- the Ruler and the Representative.na-nth, ' , - ' his own unaided and individual exertions.
oats Peace of Augsburg, in like manner many of . di this Constimtion muss. peoliOnnodt dat -. • n nt '., ies.,. member _
sof the National lev,islatnre are ra- These Gentlemen form a halo of reputation aronni
Treaties in our times bear a resemblance to the in- all the Citizens before the lair the separation n ~ noan the President, and hold out to the country prozenn ,i
aerint noting nro.iktantf thin letkelefisyr_.. . •As a for- Legislative, Juannan in& ireraive marl', „: ''_ - ~- - . sit-the seat of Government, and from utility and advantage, in which all will participle,
mid** system elf 'reaction was then formed against parucipation of the Representatives in the kegislas • ',anthem ilmody arrived, there is no doubt but a and with which all must be gratified.
the Oen &Irv/ben which lay word and deed were non; taxation and 1140%4 lat the tales, as also the quoinim of both hoards will convene on Monday. GPNERAL PAILL—It having been declared in the
i-powcklly emending themielves, Feudalism has also coatroul over them, the Lslarty cf Me Pros, the re- Philadelphia Democratic Press, that the Patin,: ne„
NALTIKORE, NOVEMBER 2s.
found vew defenders with the pen and the sword.— sponsibifltrof Ministers, and all the servants of the neral Paez is a black man, a writer in the Neu yoi
- There isielserefore, infant, in bier city', a political State ; the publicity of Law proceedings, Jury trials, Coneaess.—On Monday next the National Legis-
~ Colombian contradicts the assertion, and says, s et
Protestantism, as there was a religious one 300 years the etentel annihilation of Confiscations; of Prevotal lature will convene at Washington. Notwithstand- is a white, born in Merida, the capital of the prernie
• 'hip ; and as the Jesuits .then endeavoured to guide Courts and Military Commissions for civil crimes; the ing the present is a period of profound peace in Eu- to which it gives its name. It was he that on nni i
~with a bold land the system of reaction•in thepubhc Consolidation of the National Debt; the yearly Bud" .
rope, and the clarion of war is not heard save in the the greatest part of M°rillu.'s furies, in in' nnen
opinion, the same thing Is now attempted by men get, including the Civil List of the ruring Dynasty ; from Santa re lo the province of Venezuela. in
like Bonnie!, }levee, Haller, Adam Muller, &c. Durst the amount,of the active army, the ptinciples on which southern prom • ces of our own continents yet there
now commands the provinces that had bee ten
we pursue the analogy of history Farther, the result o its numbers axe kept up, the form of the Landwehr.— can be no doubt that subjects of much importance by the valour of his arms, viz. Barinas, tin,....,,
the strugglei of our authors will be", that neither of sth. In the Budget, the yearly expenditure must will occupy the deliberations of Congress. We hope Truxillo, and Cucuta."
• the systems will altogether conquer. the other ; that first be fixed, and the Taxes determined on the basis to see a liberal, enlarged, and really national policy NATCHITOCHFS, OCTO&ER r
' both rather, like Protestantism and Catholicism 300 of the nett income (without any &vont- or exception), adopted with regard to our domestic manufactures, The Patriots in Mexico are forming a rend: n• •.,
, years ago, will subsist Mgether, and in their peace- these Taxes divided among the several Provinces and and that our internal relations generally, as far as is with a view to the organization of another ni
....
ful pesition against each other, will long 'carry on classes in the most convenient manner. The age is expedient, will receive the salutary influence of legis- army on the river St. Marc, on the frontier e! ';‘..4
the struggler till the propriety of them both, intitkd now so far advanced in the knowledge of national lative interference. which empties itself into the bay of St. Josep:. : 121
10 an acknowledgment of an equality of right, forces economy, that no new Constitutions will appear It is anopinion that has met with general credence, rendezvous is expected to form a general then
itself on theDipromatias and PolitiCians of Europe; without dies! arrangements. that the cause and situation; of the patriotic govern- discipline and sppplics, and the-I.llcsinin 1'.1.!.
that theinthbie nations, where Representative Con- - ments of South America will be examined, and the mean to afford every encouragement to all n-
stitutiott.nolorrail with itset to their internal mist, FLANDERS MAIL. propriety of acknowledging the independence of one wish to join the standard of liberty. Inn, ,
animation, - activity, cultivation, prosperity, Ned or more of them attentively considered. The official no doubt that they will be able to ccocenne
suitable finaucial organisation, will rise as highalothe communications of the delegation appointed to in- a large force there, and the precautions lair_ a
- ItEUSSIII.S, DECEMBER 24.
- the feudal States, as the States and people that. quire into the expediency of the latter act, no doubt, move with discipline and assure supplies, teal n,.
braced Protestantism have foi SOO years risen . n,- letteri from the Baer, which come from tbe
. will be productive of very important, and perhaps con- der ,every movement they make effective. The :,..
those fitalatii ilgat remained true to the ad system..;-.. - al_ pokraa:-efatele, tli_n.at'bis Royal Hteta the Prince elusive weight, in the determination of the question. fple of Mexico are no doubt very ignorant .-:.,..
Let us only "ace at the history of these SOO years, °I fise is te'invewma with all e places and °a' It has been prontulgated with an ea of mt. but-there is not one of them that does not move 3,
and reflect on the animation of Otunt • Bekaa, the aces which hi held•before the 13th of November, at thenticity, that Don Onis, the Sp • blGnister, has difference between a Government within thenunn
Republic of the United Provinces, the kingdom of which time his resignation was accepted. It is with in his possession sealed dispatches from his Govern- and the oppressive system of Spain and its Iknnn
Prussia, and die whole of Scandanavia and the north very lively satisfaction that we announce this happy ment, which are to be presented to Congress at the They require only a small army well organised. vs.
of Germannl * How instructive and heart elevating ne *hi& will doubtless put- an end to the ridicu- succeeding•session. These are said to be an offer, on a suitable Staff to conduct details without weans:it
' is the history of these Thar.:, contrasted with the re. loos storhigisfii#s-wh, ich the-public curiosity is coml. the part of Ferdinand, to cede the Florida to the the line, to become excellent soldiers ; they are vs;
laxation of -Italy, Spain, Poland, *ad France, down maga' fed- ' United States, for a stipulated consideration. Should derfully prompt at imitating and acquiring kin,
to the time of the Revolution!, If• proofs are de- DLCIMSER 27.—his by a decree of his Majesty, this prove to be the fact, it is sincerely hoped that the that are novel and agreeable to them, and tient,
mandect for the affirmation that kingdoms and peo- dated th Prime of this month, that his Royal High- attention of our Legislature will he called to the sub- living no great ways from the Tropic, are hare, es
itie with Representative Constitutions far surpass the ness the nc of this
has been re-invested with jest at an early day in the Session. can bear privations as well as our Indians. I ...:4
Feudal Kingdoms and Sultan States, let ps reflect on all his functions and military titles. This decree was The proem axe of affairs at Amelia earnestly re- many of our young men will find a fine field c,pl
the prep thiderince of North America, of Great Bri- inserted to-day in the Order of the Day of the dife- quires the interference of some Power capable of es- here by the beginning of the New Year.
tarn, of France since the Revolution' and contrast rent corps composing our garrison. This measuree tablishing Order ,and government, and affording it - -
with it the lateatiansactions in Spain, Portugal, San. could not fail•to spread among the military a gene. protection from the band of pirates and freebooters THE EVENING STAR..
dihia, acc. or, as extremes, corn are the politically ral satisfaction, which is very sincerely shared SY all by which it is now infested. When that island fell -
free-North American with the Satanism of Turkey ! true friends to their country. into the power of the besiegers, under M'Gregor, we LONDON.
Lentts not forget in our own articular history, that The High Court of Justice was to hear to-day the rejoiced at the event, because we regarded it as the
the Tyrol, Witrtemberg, and East Friesland, have appeal made by the Public Officer, in the affair of first movement towards the emancipation of the Flo-
FRIDAY, JANUARY 2, tole.
ploved what .pinver individual provinces are capable the Duke of Welfmgton against M. de Busscher, of ridas, and were impressed with the belief that the
of, when roosted of a genuine popular Representa. Ghent ; but it hai e..at pun off; till a decision is possession of that island would operate greatly to pro- THE FUNDS
tion, thoughia the Constitutions of these provinces, made respecting his Graces-application to the Court mote the common cause of South American freedom, need or sneers eta saT a? I+l:.>t o.CteCli
which were suitable enough for earlier timed, many a Cassa, tim from the dm?" which has rejected his ay the facilities which it would afford the Patriots as Reduced 1104 4—cont. Situe—Ceas. fet *pg. ei 4 Sit
4 per Cent. Ni—Frre pet Coot. Navy sass
things are unsuitable in our days. Again, as in the -Wel" a place of rendezvous and equipment.
- age of the Reran-nub*, by various Interim Simul- Decennia 29,--.lt seems that several changes are India Bonds 97 99 pre .—La
We do not censure the original intention of M,Gre- . . . "heti" Sill ii II) pee
taneoni Churches in patticular places, a miserable to be made to the different Parts of site "lin,
that°ism,: got ; the course of conduct which he pursued, and Tbae morning the laerunisSosees ave SO and •-bui spi*
fine £50,000, and for the rem under so end I.kelt Se peel
amalgametion of Protestantism and Catholicianwas con of the war department. It is affirmed nta' the measures adopted by him at the onset, furnish at
attempted, so in our times theoretical writers and di- Royal iii*-m Pirtsnce of Orange will be in- leaf presumptive evidence that his views were ho- it ticicuadY a ir°t*7
at
Prewh.' hat
50 Per Cur. h Pugh
plotrratic . coblers have attempted to amalgamate vested ti?6Efr **functions: On the other hand,. a nourable, and that his ohjeict was have taken - c. °a to"ce week.—gooier for Ace- i"-"i 1'
- Itsanantro and the Representative goiont„ For what Belgian or very Ereat merit, who has serve./ with tiou of gt. Aujust-ine. tft was no doubt deceive&in
bra an amalcionortsvo enntradicteafsibus
',am ...moor* diininctiot In the administration of the Austrian his etpwrn6oin of aid ; and we now see that the con- Besides the Baltimore Papers from which we pm
syiterns Is amellynetnan chantnet. i. -'•fa 6e army to this moment, has been called to the Hague seqoence hns been, the conversion of his conquest. extracts yesterday, we also received, but too late t...
Wirtemberg Constitution (not to mason its othei and cons ilted. It is said, he has presented a gene- into a common receptacle for freebooters of all na- our publication, Charleston Papers to the SlEn ns
imperfections), and Benzenberg's exentsion of all: but ral plan, wluchi- iladopted, would produce great lions and hues ; of which, however, the sable appear. vember, New Yank to the 27th, i•Vashington ner
- landed proprietors front the Representation, as if the regularity in the: service. The organization a the to b.ar the predominance. 29th, and Philadelphia to the 30th November
pr sooty and distress of a State concerned only the A ustriipi arnithi this resPect, is a Model which other •
iVe consider, it aduty enjoined on our Government. , '
postemor of a landed estate! Again, as in the ale POwere hut' tktain attempted tdo irritate.
_. as the Ilea of an independent nation, to arrest and . The remarks which were yesterday intend,:
- . -- . - . ... ~.-......1....t.;--;.:. ....A rot tn illacs• rstvindwA;noc rhci. nan. follow the extracts from the Baltimore Pavers '..r.',.