Star.
London, England, 1828-07-19 00:00:00

•
Mr; e. Bird. complaining that the second clunte of what was c.tiltd
Mr. !'eel's Bill, migbt he dettrocrive of the Trial by Jury.
4`411r C. BURRELL (in behalf of his brother) gave notice that
tiftit# obit Session be would submit a motion un the state of the
*es reldt ing to wool.

-- The Sugar Bill went through a Connnittee....Rrport to-morrow.

AMERICAN DUTIES.

Mr. HUSKISSON said he rose. pursuant to the notice
belled given, to bring under the consideration of the
House the subject of the United States of America, as
far. as that' subject related to the commerce of that
country. His object was not to elicit him his Majesty's
Government any declaration of their senti mei is with re.
faience to- the Government of the United Staves, as te-
pitied the commercial interests of this country, neither
was-it his wish to notice the tendency of those Acts which
had latdli passed in the United States, he thought detri-
mental to their asin interests, and-tending to im2ede the
coMmacial progress of this country. As far aslire Gn.
vernasent vtNltl concerned, it was not expedient, sr elogll,e
impottattar of-the subject; ander present circumsta.icel
to:give-to that subject all the consideration it deserved;
neither *al it for him, an individual Member if Parii„.
meat, to state his opinions upon matters which involved
such swirlier, of interests. In the year 1815, soon after the
termination of the war, this country entered into a
Convention with the United States, which was to con-
tinue for a period of four years. That Convention %%,Ji
nearly the first of those Treaties, which had been since
so. much abused, under the name of " Reciprocity 'Tea.
ties," audit was the model upon which other Treaties
'subsequently entered into had been miiirlded. it
was founded on the simple principle. that menu-
'Patties should be exported or imported withi'ut
faience to the national character t f the ships in
Which such commerce was carried on. Atter the four
years of this 'treaty were expired, it was renewed for
ten years farther, and that Treaty would expire in the
October of this year. The policy, the wise policy, cf the
United States, would have been, t impose upon Ain;
Iles imported no farther duties than were necessary to
provide for the adequate revenue of the State—the du-
ties on wool, cotton, and hardware being then very low.
Bet in the year 1823 a change in the policy of the United
States took place, and they adopted a scaler f very high
duties, which were chiefly on the staple manufactures
of this country—the duties on wool, cotton, and hard-
ware being greatly increased. They also adopted other
duties, Which he thought were in direct violation of the
Treaty of 1818,and imposed a duty on rolled iron nearly
one-half greater than that formerly placed on Odes
made by the process of hammering. This was cer-
tainly a breach of the principle i f the Treaty, and
it- led to a remonstrance on the part rf this coun-
try, which was considered' by the Congress, but
which led to no satisfactory results and when, in 1826,
the American Minister to this country proposed to re-
new the convention of 1818 for ten years, he (Mr. Hut-
kisson)' was charged with the conducting of it, and be
stated two objections--the first was, that the duties ins.
posed ought not to apply to the manufacture instead of
the quality of the article ; and the second was, that in.
asmuch as increased duties were placed upon articles
chiefly theinanufacture of England, this was in oppo-
sition to the spirit of the Treaty which had been entered
into; and that in the year 1827, when it was soughtto
impose duties still mote extravagant, it was determined
only by the casting vote of the President. He (Mr.
Huskissoi) did not consider that this country ought to
enter into a treaty for other ten years, but that the
treaty should be of such a nature as to be dissolved by
either party, upon giving twelve months notice. This
Convention was renewed in August last, upon this prin-
ciple, but since that period the American Congress had
added other duties, particularly upon wool, hardware,
and cotton, and those duties were so great as to amount
almost to a prohibition.; and, as in the year before the
proposition for an increase was ri jetted by a majority
at one, in the year 1827 it was carried by a great ma-
jority. But he understood that the men best informed
upon such subjects in the United States looked upon the
increase as highly piejesdiciah to their interests; certain
it was that-every country. looked to every question
with reference to their own particular interests, and on
that principle 'he did not complain cf the United
States; but on that principle also was it that we ought
to look to our itself course so as to correct that feeling in
other's:'' 'He was not one of those who advocated a sys-
tem of protribitny warfare, but it we did not adopt
some course of the kind we should forfeit our claim to
equality; and justify 'complaint on the part rf other
'countries 'whir were dealing with us in a fairer aad
luster manner. Neither was it consistent with the dig'
oiry-Oftrisiountry to preserve silence when it perceived
attempts to injure or al destroy its commerce. The
people of the United Stites deceived tlemselves if they
,supposed that we had ncs ample means Of man.festilig
our feelings, even under the Convention ; but it loci
'however, open to us to put an end to that conven-
tion by due notice given, and this ass, in his oeenion,
the more manly course, if redress could not be obtained,
if we could not terminate that system of commercial
talky which England was n(ttue tint to begin, but was
the first to lament. The piiaiiPalexpoits of A ig.egicag
-tilbaoco, rice, cotton, and. turpentine, were not manufac-
tured in this country, but were merely sent to this cooing
for consudiption, and with those articles it would not be
-diffictilt to sups ly ourselves from other solutes. Floe
-India we could certainly pre cure the two former, and,
with respect to cotton, Milo ugh there might at first ap•
pear some difficulty, it might be safely stated that if we
gave to India the same encouragement with respect to
'cotton that we had given with respect to indigo, we should
:Noon see the cotton of the eastein world the rival or the
Cotton of the western world. The indigo of ludo was
formerly considered of very inferior quality, but it now
brought a larger price than that from any other quitter'
The article of tobacco it would be easy to procure from
South America, and the people of that country would re-
ceive in return articles cf our manufacture, without
loading them with exorbitant duties. It would therefore
be a question at least worth consideration, whether we
ought not tolook to our interests with reference to prow'
tion against that system,which too plainlyindicates a wish'
to exclude British manufactures from the United States'
That such a system would be unsuccessful he believe&
because industry and ingenuity 'would find out stmt
channel by which, if not legitimately, in some other
Way, such articles would be introduced ; it was, how'
ever, his wish, that no such channel might be opened,
because it would create most painful feelings, feelings
which might be attended by inconvenience, if riot by
danger; yet such would be, he believed, the inevitab.lr,
coarse. He had no doubt that the United States woui°
be greatly prejudiced by the course they had taken;
and he thought that, without going into very did's'',
details, he could prove. it by reference to the history of
he commercial intercourse of the two countries since
she termination of the last contest between them. W)th.
ut. however, going into the details of the growth 2ned,
irogress g f that commerce,he felt the factcould hero
iy reference to the trade in a single tic
. The quantity of cotton Imported intotabirscoile v
intryt;tll
Usual States was—