Star.
London, England, 1829-07-09 00:00:00

principles would not justify them in attempting.

arms, to abate a nuisance, however threat and revolt
ins." Thus admitting the case of a positive treat;
alone, as the sole exceptieo to the general rule of sow
ixterfortscs, the same writes alludes to interference
force of arms; is not this 'circumscribing the question
within too narrow limits? Indeed, how numerous

the obligations, which, though not proceeding from
treaties, are nevertheless held as sacred as those im.
posed by the most binding stipulations? Can any one
doubt that the principle of nou•iaterfe►eisee is equally
limited by the obligations, and by the sights of other
nations? Allow me to illustrate this point. When one
nation in its political relations with another tsercises
any positive or acknowledged right, no one can, with
justice, oppose to the exercise of such right the doe.
uine of sea-interference, fur this is a mere negative
principle, existing only where the obligation or positive
right of interference is wanting. I am fully, aware
that, in the absence of the obligation, it may be op.
tional to exercise or not the right ; I feel persuaded,
however, that it is -no want of good will that has
hitherto restrained his Beitanale Majesty's Government
from contributing, by every legal means, to the re-es-
tablishment of the legitimate Queen on the Throne of
12.1tugal, but rather the idea of their not possessing
the right to interferer should I labour under an erns-
aeons opinion on this bead, how painful to me, to you.
and to every Englishman, jealous of his country's
honour, to be undeceived I The writer already alluded
to reject• the principle of Non interfere:we by force of
arms; but are there not many other modes of inter-
fering, without recurring to this alternative? And
among these, are there none sufficiently efficacious and
powerful for the present case? Here a series of goes•
'ions arises, which calls for reply.
The doctrine of aoa•iaterfsrenee is founded on the
supposed political independency of each individual
patios, and on the right which each possesses freely to
regulate the form of its own internal administration;
but is it on this footing that the Portuguese question
stands?--certainly not. It is nut whether Portugal
shall have a Constitutional Government or a despotic
one? there is no contention between the subjects and the
Sovereign, with regard to the granting or abrogatiag
of any institutions; the Constitutional Charter is a mere
incident, and a very secondary one, to the main goes-
dol:. Those very• Three Estates (so styled) of Portugal
considered it as such, in the act befo►e mentionedi To
present the question under any other aspect would only
be an attempt to obscure the truth. The contention
then at issue is, between Don Paoao IV. or Donna MA-
RIA 11. on the one side, and the Infant Duo MIOUIL
on the other ; between the lawful Sovereign and the
Usurper; and here the principle of non•interfersace, re-
garded in its true character and nature. cannot apply.
At the moment when a throne becomes vacant,
should the right of succession •be disputed, or several
candidates be forthcoming, it is easy to imagine why •
the nation should have the etch:sive right of deciding
the point. The matter, then. is one purely belonging
to the internal policy of the country. and foreign POWIIII •
are bound to suspend their interference, and let the
result show who is the lawful sovereign. The restores
of the present case, however, are widely different: the
throne bad been occupied from the moment of the late
King's demise, with the common consent of the nation;
the formal acquiescence of Don Miouar., and express
recognition of foreign Powers. When the case stands
thus, there is no wont for doubts, nor controversy.
The recognition of foreign Powers is a strict eoutract,
ottriarse obligatory. fin ming a part of the rights of
nation, intimately connected with the general policy
and public tranquillity of Europe; and all subsequent
acts, either against or with respect to sovereignty, thus
recoini.ed, must necessarily paitake of the same chi.
racier. To style such a case a mere matter of internal
policy. and consequently apply to• it the doctrine of
sea-resistance, is to• mistake Or to disguise its nature,
and open a precedent to the mast startling and danger-
ous consequences.

Let others investigate whether. in the existing trim- •
ties between Portugal and England. any paid,e
pulation can be found affecting the presentees*: I shall
content myself with asserting, that England is effec• .
tirally bound to interfere in the Portuguese question:
Ist, from thy great there she has had in all that has
been done relating to it, from April 1826 up to the pre-
sent date ; 2d, that she may thus make some reparation
for the evils and injuries caused by her own acts to one
of the iaretetrad parties. the lawful Sovereign ; 3d, to
vindicate British honour for the outrages and insults
offered to it by the Portuguese Usurper. To these I
may add, that her interference ;lime can extricate
Great Britain from the embarraunseuts which already
perhaps threaten her future, policy. • . However apples.
sant it may be to enter the lists, 'opposed to able and
respectable Statesmen of this c'otintry, I am compelled
to it by the most mooed and imperious duty.

Ad, S.

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~~~

THE PORTUGUESE QUESTION.

- a
TO THE EDITOR OF THE STAR.

-- __ ___
LITTI4I4 it.
—One of your contemporaries, in commenting on
:scion of foreign ineervention, has observed—'• If
the Polars of Lampe have entered into positive
meats to'support• the legitimate throne of Por.
and to overturn the scaffolds erected for its
s, they ought long ago to have interposed, in
rot of their stipulations ; but, if not, genera'
les would not justify them in attempting. by
o abate a nuisance, however Sweat and revolt
Thus admitting the case of a positive treat)
is-the-tole eateption so the general Tule of non•
ewe, doe same writer alludes to interference by
arms; is not this 'Circumscribing the question
too narrow Hooka? - Indeed, tow numerous ore
igations, which, though not proceeding from
), are nevertheless held as sacred as those im-
sy the most binding stipulations? Can any one
that the principle of non•interference is equally
l by the obligations, and by the tights of other
t? Allow me to illustrate this point. When one

itt 'its political relations with another Lxercises
sitive or acknowledged right, no one can, with
, oppose to the exercise of such right the dot•
newirderference, fur this is a mere negative
4e, existing only where the obligation or positive
Of interference is wanting. I am &Hy. aware

the absence of the obligation, it may be op.
o exercise or not the right ; I feel persuaded,
. that it is -no want of good will that has
restrained his Btitanuic Majesty's Government

mud:outing, by every legal means, to the re-es-
ment of the legitimate Queen on the Throne of
;al, but rather the idea of their not possessing
tit t 6 interferer should I labour under an effe•
spitrion on this head, how painful to me, to you.
r every Englishman, jealous of his country's
to be undeceived 1 The writer already alluded
;ts the principle of Non•interfereme by force of
but are there not many other modes of inter-
without recurring 'to• this alternative? And
these, are there none sufficiently Acacia's and
for the present case? Here a series of goes-
which calls for repl

is founded on the
t each individual
, possesses freely to
carnal administration ;
Portuguese question
whether Portugal
anent or a despotic
the subjects and the
granting or abrogating
' Charter is a mere
to the main qua-

styled) of Portugal
before mentioned: To

aspect *mid only
troth. The cooteatiog
IV. or DOOM) M*.
Infant Duo Moult.

Sovereign and the

soe•interfernce, re•
nature, cannot apply.
Tone becomes vacant.
divvied, or several
easy to imagine why
ire right of deciding
one purely belonging
and foreign Prowess
interference, and let the
sovereign. The Irani-es
widely different: the
moment of the late
consent of the nation;
'totter., and express

When the case stands
doubts, nor controversy.
is a strict- °masa,
part of the risks of
the general policy
and all subsequent
to sovereignty, thus
.Ike of the same chs•
mere matter of internal
to. it the doctrine of
to disguise its nature,
startling end danger-

is the existing um.
,land. any positive 'cis
present case; I shall
that England is effec-
Portuguese question:
had in all that bas
pril 1826 up to the pre-

mike .one reparation

by her own acts to one
lawful Sovereign ; Sd, to
t outrages and insults
Usurper. To these I
alone can extricate
which already

Policy.. -However aaples-

4 •opposed.. to able and
Calory, 1 is compelled
imperious duty.

.~

J. A. LUSITANU&
Twnver eCt.oct.

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.

l for the present case? Here
lees, which calls for reply.
• octrine of sum-interference is 1
political independency .of
and on the right which each pa
the forni of its own internal
it on this footing that the Port
mainly not. It is nut w!
vs a Constitutional Governmet
is noeontention between the
tr, with regard to the greedy
stitutions; the Constitutional I
. and a very secondary one, to
ose very. Three Estates (so st,
ed it as such, in the act before
the question under any other s
ttempt to obscure the truth.
issue is, between Don Parra°
on the one side, and the Inf
•ther ; between the lawful Sc
and here the principle of nor
a its true character and natur
moment when a throne
e right of succession •be
be forthcoming, it is ea',
• should have the exclusive 1
t. The matter, then, is one
ternal policy of the country. ar
to suspend their interfere
ow who is the lawful soverei
t case, however, are wid
ad been occupied from the sn
emise, with the common con
al acquiescence of Don Ma
ion of foreign Powers. Wise
• ere is no room for doubts,
nitinn of foreign Powers it
obligatory, forming a par
intimately connected with
• lit tranquillity of Europe; a
against or with respect to
ed. must necessarily paitakl
To style such a case a mere
nd consequently apply to.
• • ace, is to• mistake or to •
a precedent to the most star
• WOOS.
investigate whether, in
Portugal and Englatu
can be found affecting the p
yself with asserting, that
and to interfere in the Po
the great shore she has
e relating to it, from April
; 2d, that she may thus ma
ils and injuries caused by 1
nested patties, the lawful
British honour for the a
• - it by the Portuguese
that her interference a
ain from the embarrautr
mates her futures policy.
y be to enter the lids, .np
*Statesmen of.this eaten
most sacred and impair'
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