Star.
London, England, 1818-10-08 00:00:00

than a thousand treaties with Spaini Her indepen-11
deuce binds her to Europe in general, instead of
Splin alone.
" From the great source of Enropean knowledge
all the useful arts will flow into those highly favou-
red regions, and dissipate the gloom of abject super-
stition and intolerance which have been transplanted
from the mother country, and propagated with such
zeal by the same means, with a view to bar all inter-
course with strangers who would encourage their in-
dustry, by teaching them the value of it.
" But the South Americans are fully aware of the
value of civil and religious freedom from having ex-
perienced the want of it, and shew themselves worthy
of it by the valour with which they defend their in-
dependence. Good order and subordination to the
new Government shew every where the progress of
the cause, and its useful influence on the minds of
the people. Strangers are received by them with
open arms, particularly the British and North Ame-
ricans. Owing to the nature of their Governments,
they are considered friends prima facie. But the
Americans have lately taken measures to cement their
political relations, by sending envoys to Buenos Ayres
and Venezuela; and probably they will be the first to
acknowledge the independence of the new republics.
In the mean time, these measures have produced to
the Independents great political advantages in the
public opinion."

PROCLAMATION-
" &most BALFIAIt, Supreme Chief of the Republic of Vene-
zuela, &c. Ste. &c.
" Conridering that in our present military attitude, the sepa-
ration of the military and political branches of th? Gover,Abent,
established by lkerce of the tith of October, 1817, give; rise to
embarrassments and difficulties greatly prejudicial to the public
cause, I hare been induced to decree, and hereby du decree, as
' follows t
" Asiicar I.—The Political Governors of Provine,s shall
exercise no other functions than those of presiding in Tribunal.
of the first instance, conformably to the Decroe of the 6th of
October, 1817.
" ARTICLE 2.—The High and. Municipal Police of the Pro-
vinces shall henceforward belostz to the Governors and Com-

of the same.

" ARTICLZ heads of the Police In the Provinces, the
Governors and Commandants-General shall be Presidents of the'
Municipalities; they shall convote and preside over the Asserts-
blies of the Inhabitants, and receive in their suffrages, a) well as
those 6f the Electors, conformably to the Regulations of the 6th
October, 1817., respecting the creation of Municipalities.
" ARTut.a 4.—The Governors and Military Commanders of
Fortresses, Cities, or Towne, shall therein exercise the functions
of the Police, as Lieutenusits of the Governor and Commandant

General of the Province.
" ALTICLE 5.—A.11 the Laws,lherees, and Regulations which
may attribute to the Political Governors of Provinces the exer-
cise of the Police any otherwise that as laid down in tire above
Articles, are abrogated, and remain Ali and without effect.
" Given and slimed by my hand. and countersigned by ore of
the Secretaries, Head-quarters, Angostura, July 3, 1818.
(Signed) " BOLIVAR.
" PFDILO BRUEN° ±II.S.MirE., Sec."

BRIEF SKETCIIOP Tim MILITARY OPERATIONS

IN TIII,:CARACCAS.
(fROM AY ASULMICAN TAtglt.)
The last campaign in Venezuela has been truly re-
markable. The history of all former wars in Ame-
rica does not furnish another example of an equal
number of battles being fought in so short a period
of time. The campaign opened about eight months
ago. On the Bth of December the Insurgent Gene-
ral Zarasa was defeated at La Ilogasa. by the Itoyali,t
General La Torse. The number of slain on both sides
amounted to about 500 men.

The same day 400 Patriot horse met and d efeated
an equal number of Royalist cavalry, near the river
Apure. At least 300 men fell in the combat.
On the 3d of January the Independent forces,
2500 foot and 200 horse, set out, under Bolivar, froml
Angustura. About the latter end of January, Buli-!
var s army was joined by that of Pam 2000 horse
and 800 foot. Their united forces captured the city
of San Fernando de Apure. We can only conjecture!
the loss on either side : it could not have been less'
than 800 men of both parties.
On the 12th of February, the Independents ap-
proached Calabosa, a town about 60 leagues from
the city of Caraccas. Morillo's cavalry, stationed in
advance, were on the same day routed ; and J(N) or
400 men were left on the field.
Morino began his retreat from ('alabosa nn the
15th of February, and on the next day reached the
village of Sombrero. This match was disa,,trotis to
the Spaniards; they were repeatedly attacked by the
Republican cavalry, and many al,o died through fa-
tigue. Sombrero was the scene of a most desperate
conflict on the 17th of February- Bath parties

claimed the victory; but at least 1,000 lives were '
lost. The Royalists again retreated on the fallowing
day. The next action we have any account of was
at Maracay, where the Royalists say that they. dis-
persed the enemy, with the loss of 230 men. This
was fought on the 14t1f of March, Morales com-
manded the Royalists. Actions much more bloody
took place on the 16th and 17th of March, between
Villa de Can and La Netts. Morillo was badly
wounded on the first day, and La Torre succeeded
him in the command. Eafit side stated the loss of
their opponents at more than 1,000 men. The Spa-
niards certainly drove the others.
We have no account of another battle until a month
afterwards. On the 17th of April. the Spanish Ge-
neral Pla surprie:d Bolivar in his camp. about a
league from St. Josef de Tisnados. The Indepen-
dents lost about 400 men, arms, baggage, &c. The
Royalists say their own loss did not exceed 40.
On the I Ith of May the hostile forces met again,
about 1;1 leagues from the town of San Carlos. The
Spanish General La Torre, 20 officers, and 400 men,
fell iu the conflict ; the Itoyaliss, however, claimed
the victory. Paez commanded the Independents ; he
brought 2000 men into the field, and is said to have
lost one half of them.
There is an allusion made to a battle fought on
the 25th of May, in which.the Royalists were victo-
rious; but we have no particulars. General Morales
entered Calabosa before that day.
The last act of hostility noticed, is a' attack made
by the Patriot General Bermudas on the city of Cu-
mans, in which he was defeated with the loss of two
hundred men. It thus appears that in the short space
of six months, a dozen pitched battles have been
fought in a country which hat been for eight years
the seat of war, and whose popuhtion was never
reckoned above 800,000 persons, Indians, Negroes,
and all :-10,000 is probably the number of lives lost
in this last campaign. The whole force of the Roya-
lists, at its opening, is said to have been 3000 Spanish
regulars, with an equal number of volunteer troops.
—The Independents mzstered 10,00‘1, but they were
iwarly one half irregular cavalry, and their idantry

LONDON.

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1818.
TDB FUNDS.

PRICE OF STOOKS THIS DAT AT TOILLVE 0.C1.0:1C
Rank Stock shut-3 per Cent. Reduced shut-
-3 per Cent. Consols 752—for Act. 741.
Consols for N0v.761-31 per Cent. shut
4 per Cent. shut-5 per Ct. Navy 1051 106
Bank Long Anns. shut—lndia Bonds 90 pre.
Onanium 217„ dis.—• Exchequer Bills 19 21 preen.

No direct confirmation of the intelligence of yes-
terday, that the Congress at Air-la-Chapelle had on
the 2d instant agreed to withdraw the troops of the
Allies from France, bas been received to-day. The
Paris Papers of the sth received this morning do not
state the fact, though it Might easily have been known
there by that time ; and they even notice the depar-
ture of his Excellency M. D 1 BOit4;0, the Russian
Ambassador at Paris, on the 3,1 for Aix-la-Chapelle
—a day later even than that on which the measure
is said to have been determined. This, however, is
no decisive evidence to the contrary ; but had we not
heard of the business being 'settled before his depar-
ture we should, naturally, have concluded that his
journey to Aix-la-Chapelle had for its object matters
connected with the deliberations on that measure.—
It was indeed pretty well known before the Congress
Met that the Allied Powers had aheady come to a
;determination to withdraw their troops from France;
it would therefore excite no surprize should the mea-
sure have been fully resolved, on the day stated :
but it is equally possible that the supposed certainty
of the fact has induced an anticipation of the event
by some one oa the spot.

A New Orleans article, which will be found in
our extracts from American Papers, in another part,
mentions the arrival of General GAINES at Pensacola
towards the latter end of July. The satire paint aph
states, what if true would be important, that dis-
patches had been received at Pensacola, from Wash-
ington, containing Mr. MusßoE's deliberate appro-
bation of General JACKSON'S proceedings. This last
assertion we are inclined to doubt, because we should
hope it is not the feeling of the American Govern-
ment ; and we ate sure it is not the interest of any
Government to sanction measures of apparent in-
justice and undisputed violence on the part of any
of its Officers. The report continues, that East and
West Florida were sold by King FERDINAND to the
North American Republic. If so, General JACKSON
was doubly impolitic •ind unpardonable, because his
military aggression was as needless as it was unjust,
—That the Floridas have long been objects of the
appetency of the United States, or, to use a loftier
word, of their ambition, is known, we apprehend, to
all the world. There is no part of North America,
or of the islands contiguous to its coast, which the
leading Republican Statesmen have not, from a very
early period of the revolution, discovered their wil-
lingness t 6 appropriate. A curious example of this
feeling occurs in FRANKLIN'S political life. When he
was preparing, about the year 1776, to set out on his
mission to the French Court, he thought it advisable
that Congress should authorise him to treat with the
British Ministers if an opportunity offered. The fol-
lowing in substance was the chief article of the Treaty,
which that zealous Republican had the moderation
to propose—at an early period of the war be it re-
membered, and when success had almost every
where crowned the arms of Great Britain :--si To
prevent those misunderstandings ` which are likely
to arise between nations who border on each other,
Great Britain shall cede to the United States the pro-
vinces of Quebec, St. John's, Nova Scotia, and East
and West Florida, (afterwards given up to Spain at
the Peace of 178:1), together with Bermuda and the
Bahama Islands ! !!" Such were then the temper and
modesty of the Patriots; before which the petty au-
dacity of JACKSON sinks into insignificance and con-
tempt. Indeed, we make no question, from what
we have seen and heard, that the cneee de iarrondir
has spread itself from Europe to America; and that
tl:c natttral limits" of the great Republic are held
by her citizens, when in their most sober moods, to
be those of the North American Continent. But it

does not follow, that because we long for a certain
acquisition, we squally relish the mode by which it
has been acquired. Because we like a thousand
pounds, we need not of necessity applaud or counte-
nance the highwayman who presents it to us as the
fruit of his depredations.

conduct, ..0 far as we can judge,

has compromised in more respects elan ore the
J Congress, as well as his country's hor.odr; and
does not seem to be within the cornpqtence of 11,,
IitUgROZ to pronounce his absolute aciuitt4l, '-
,parts of his proceedings which affect tl:e 13:itish
tiou we are not yet qualified by a knowledge of c.
cumstanees to discuss.

1.

We lately extracted fr.:,,m the Gliang artmide 01.
De;•,,vrtra Gaz'Uc, a statement of certain, griera,:zt,
complained of by that Colony, ir. respect to the be:.
den of the Militia Eltablishment necerary fir its
protection. From a farther series of that

whi,h we have received to-dap, we Litt. that 1%.
potation of Proprietors and Mortgagees, connected
with the Colonic.; of Demarara and rknhice, haste;;
for some time in London, for the purpose of ripro.
stinting to Ministers the present ineective miturf
force stationed in these Colonies, but that no good
having resulted from the conference, the Courts of
Policy, in both Colonies, have taken the rnver up, sad
made a representation to Government on the subject.

The Paris Papers of Sunday and Monday are
at.
'eyed, but are even more than usu.dly barren of la.
telligence. The Duke of RAGUSA, whose quarter:,
rotation of service as Major-General of the koval
Guard should have commenced on the Ist inst. and
who was announced in all the Journals as esperted
at his post, in terms which led to a general heixf
that he had been restored to the Royal favour, st:.l
remains at his retirement in Chatillon S.rr
leaving the command to be filled by the Deke cf
REGGIO ad interim. It would appear from this
cc-
cumstance, that the announcement is the Journals,
authorised of course by Government, was roar a
courtly device intended to mark nsure
existence and continuance of the Royal dil:eastae
against the Marshal
A Royal Ordinance appeared in tie At-Ade:sr ef
the Sd instant, bearing that as the vircreistartes
which had called for a special composition of the
National Guard—that is, which had placed it under
the chief command of the King's brother, MONitrnt,
now ceased to exist—His Majesty tharforc rebtorts
this body to its former municipal constitatkr., and
entrusts to the Mayors, Prefects, and Say-Prefects
the execution of all that regards its organizzica, di-
rection,
and operation. This Ordinance, the amts.'
tutional and excellent spirit of which no rati,nal
person Call be blind to, is said to have given great
offence to the High ItJyalist party, who see is it
nothing less than the utter downftl of the Bourboa
dynasty. We regret that we should have to ascribe
to the same source to which France is indebted for
this enlightened edict, the pctty acts of folly alluded
to in the following letter, received to-day from cur
L private ccrrespondent at Paris:

PRIVATE LETTER.
" PARIS, OCTOPEt
What nest ?—The Minister of the Inter:-
at the desire of the inhabitants of Clery (L rtt
erected a monument, a statue, to the memo-7 cf
Lot. is Xl. In our Galleries of Statuary, we erect
no, to see the statues of Naito, of TIBERIUS, awl
!CALIGULA, on which all the resources of ancient art
had been prostituted in their lifetime: the honer is
spired by the recollection of their vices is, in some
degree, compensated by the admiration which
[statue commands as a work of art; but who

,- ~c

thought of erecting honorary monuments to their'
memory? Is it in the nineteenth century, when Li-
berty with full-fledged wing steers her during ccur.
from the Pillars of Hercules to the derarts of Siberia,
and proclaims the downfall of Tyranny and Sur
stitiun—k it iu a country where the Represenuti
System is taking fast rootin fine, is it by a Minitt
who has displayed such a noble rea'. in the propaga-
tion of the Lancasterian System of Education. that
monument is erected, in honour of the memory of
man whose vices rendered him the moss a;:iouc mon
ster of his age; and his memory accui-sed to a!: eter.
nity ? We blush to say all this is trae—t:ar ISlti I
' the period, France the country, and N. LAIWL
Minister!—We will spare him all the cr::hets whiff
patriotic indignation might apply to -se tiril L
more—we will be silent, and merely send hi= bele
hit natural judges, the Chamber of Depctics, who
the next session will, we doubt net, call ::irn to
severe account for his conduct

" We had written thus far, when we !earn t:::n

this moment one of the handsomest and most nsc
fountains in Paris is in the act of being derzoyed,v!:

the one in the Place Rosak, the pride and crArne
of the Monti: and the quarter of St. Antoine, at Par
It is removing, to place in its stead a monument
the memory of Louts. XIII. Thus then it is beget
a mania of the 3linibter of the Interior to erect Su
toes, and to whom?—precisely to these who hal
disgraced the name of BOURSON the rues:—tho
whose memories arc the most capable of minas co
tempt and hatred fer their descendant% new oil t!
throne. To the glory of HENRY I'S'. his Statue b;
been erected at an expense of 1.5,000 L by tic ":'ll
tary donations of Patriotism, which recognisal I
him
the father of his Poo* and a model to I
offered to his descendants. .It is a national IV-Jai
meat, a feature which will always di.ninguid2
proudly from Ministerial ones. Put it may be 010
what could be M. LAIN: ll motive ? No atvt (4
arrive without an adei;nate cause, and this ca-se
to be found in the political riinc;ples of M. LA'
It has loan been buspected ii.at the altras has'..'

. t
tised in more respects elan ore the ri.•l
as well as his country's o h
• r.oor; and :.
m to be within the competence of II:
wonounce his absolute acquittal. Teese /I
proceedings which affect the 136641 re .e
Lot yet qualified by a knowledge of en
o discuss.
extracted frem the Gliane arenide 0-
azette, a statement of certain, griera•en,
)1 by that Colony, ir. respect to the be:.
Militia Enablishment necerary fer es
purpose
From a farther series of that (ene e.,
ye received to-day, we herr. that elle
Proprietors and Mortgagees, correctedofiLDimn,Ararfor4t.laine of tt.pr
and
rserice, has bee
auie
enins
London,
dinisters the present iitaffective military
Led in these Colonies, but that no pee
iced from the conference, the Courts of
eh Colonies, have taken the matter up, ar4
esentation to Government on the subject.
; Papers of Sunday and Monday are an
ire even more than usu.dly Linen of la•
The Duke of RAGUSA, whose quarter:,
service as MajnOieneral of the keen
dd have commenced on the Ist inst. and
mounted in all the Journals as elpened
in terms which led to a general Leief
been restored to the Royal favour, eel
his retirement in Chatillon Sm. Seine,
e command to he filled by the Bebe ce
interim. It would appear from this cie
that the announcement in the Journals,
of course by Government, was ear a
rice intended to mark more &Ley e
ind continuance of the Royal tii•rhasne
Marshal.
Ordinance appeared in the AP,Ocsr of
tam, bearing that as the eircerastances
called for a special compesition of •'e
ivard—that is, which had placed it under
ommand of the King's brother, MONIEXI,
cl to exist—His Majesty therefnre restores
to its former municipal cons:hat:en, and
) the Mayors, Prefects, and &Lb-Perfects
ion of all that regards its organizzioa, di-
d operation. This Ordinance, the ccusti-
nd excellent spirit of which no rational
a be blind to, is said to have given great
the High Royalist party, who see in it
ass than the utter downfil of the Bourboe
We regret that we should have to ascribe
to source to which France is indebted f
itened edict, the petty acts offolly al/sided
allowing letter, received to-Jay from cur
rrespondent at Paris :
PRIVATE LETTER.
" PARIS, OCTOBER r.
: neat?—The Minister of the Inters he,
are of the inhabitants of Clery (Line,
monument, a statue, to the memea
In our Galleries of Statuary, we olject
.t the statues of Nuo, of TIBERIUS, and
L, on which all the resources of ancient art
prostituted in their lifetime: the hotter is
the recollection of their vices is, in sent
ompeusated by the admiration which
nmands as a work of art; but who •
If erecting honorary monuments to their
Is it in the nineteenth century, when Li-
t full-fledged wing steers her dating come
Pillars of Hercules to the aerates of Siberia,
aims the downfall of Tyranny and Super
it in a country where the Represenutir
taking fast root—,-in fine, is it by a 'Minis:
tisplayed such a noble real in the propaga-
e Lancasterian System of Education. that •
it is erected, in honour of the memory of •
se vices rendered him the zr.cst adieu% mo
L age; and his memory accursed to all eter
e blush to say all this is tree—that:lSlS *.
France the country, and N. LAIWY. t.
—We will spare him all the cehhets whi
indignation might apply w him :
e will be silent, and merely send him bef .
al judges, the Chamber of Deputies, who'.
session will, we doubt net, call ::im to
count for his conduct
cad written thus far, when we learnt that.
Lent one of the handsomest and most e'c
in Paris is in the act of being dericyed,v!
a the Place Rosak, the pride and ernfne
)rais and the quarter of St. Antoine, at Pa.;
:piing, to place in its stead a monomers
ory of Lours. XIII. Thus then it is bete
of the Minister of the Interior to erea
l to whom?—precisely to those who LI
the name of BOURSON the rr.ost•—the
)mories arc the most capable of exciting cc,
Id hatred for their descendants new ou t
To the glory of HENRY Fir. his Statue h
:fed at an expense of I. 5,0001• by the
rations of Patriotism, which recogniol
father of his people, and a model '
D his descendants. .It is a national ND
feature which will always dininguidi
from Ministerial ones. :tut it may be
old be M. LAIN tell motive? N s eXect
ithout an adeilnate cause, and this cane
Ind in the political plinciples of N. Lee.
rig becu euspectied ii.at the ;Acres bad a !a•