Star.
London, England, 1828-10-31 00:00:00

RUSSIA.

A.marvellous change took place is the situation and
power of Russia under the auspices of Peter ; ship was,
built after ship, and town after town was conquered;
and one stoke:of policy and civilization did wonders
for Russia. Before Peter's time no Russ could le4ve
hir country. He opened the ddors, and a rush of
young men took place towards the south. His own
determination to travel was delayed by Sichler's con.
pira c y ; but when he bad arranged matters, accem-
ibanied 'by' three of the most distinguished persons
of his Empire for their talents, and by a number of
the young Nobility, he bent his way, through Germany,
to Holland: He had learned the Dutch language long
nefore. He does not appear to have been much inter!.
este.] by the great cities, and hastened through Amster-
dam to Zaardam. He there occupied a miserable abode,
which is still preset red in its then state, and which the
Princes of Orange have surrounded with a brick edi-
fice; to screen it from the effects of time. It is a poor
cottage, such as the commonest shipwright would inha-
bir, cun.isting of two small rooms, each lighted by a
badly constructed ea.ement. These rooms have since
been visited by hundreds of thousands, and among them,
by Alerstisder. who like every other visitor, inscribed his
same in the Album; but the leaf has been stolen by
some assi.chievous autograph collector. There are, how.
ever, the signatures of the King of Holland, the Queen,
and.otber Royal Personages. Peter had ordered that his
quality should be concealed. He had adopted the dress of
a sailor, and pretended that he sought .an existence there.
It.ciannot, be said that his story was believed; be was
known to be a person of rank, at least; and, the truth
tostell, the elevation of the Autocrat sometimes inter-
fered with the lowliness of the ship carpenter. • He
visited the families. of the persons he had known in
Russia, and be sometimes dined familiarity among them.
,Oa oils occasion.he called on the wifeafa shipwright es.
,tahlished inllassia,aud the asked him what. as his trade?
66.1 am a carpeater," said the Czar; yet the Czar spent
motley liberally-antongthe,Zaardanansets; and though
his stsitetsad adopted the dresses of .Zaardam shipwrights,
the secret was soon out. in consequence of a letter which
came from a vapour) in Russia, telling his family that
all she Court was gone with the Czar to Zaardam. The
letter was read in the presence of the parish barber,
and the barber, bursting with the news, proclaimed
the Autocrat to all his townsmen. However, tere
were mill doubts; and a man who had been in Russia
pulse f rpm Amsterdam to decide the matter. :He saw
Peter, and exclaimed, 66 'Tis the Czars as surely as we are
ilitrel• I know him well," But Peter still .attempted.
tp preserve the incognito; and, when an attempt was
made to remoye hint to a larger,dwelling, answered—s.
66 We are not great gentlemen, but common men,
fur whom a common abode is :good enough." Yet
his house was beset, and his labours and his studies in.
terrupted. There is a picture of Peter, stripped to the
shirt, with his axe in his hand, surrounded by caustic's,
who are bedizened with all the foppery and finery of
the day. Peter visited• our William the Third at
Utrecht, and sought the acquaintance of several of the
most renowned Dutch A dmirals, not forgetting maoy
li-
terary. men of the day. He went to the Hague, where he
grew impatient, and insisted on going to another hotel,
where he wandered about, and, finding one of his atten.
dents sound asleep, he turned him out, and took pos.
session of the warm bed. Peter the Great had grand,
though rare conceptions. His was a half emancipated
mind. His correspondence with the Greek Priesthood
shows that, in religiosis matte's, he bad not passed the
threshold of :•iquiry ; but, when he dared to think, he
followed his thought into glorious doings. He had a
high admiration for the English people, but a great,
and I think ungrounded, dislike t r George I.—Eatenct
of a Letkr from Holland.

RUSSIAN BULLETINS.

-........7.
BERLIN, Orr. 23.
NEWS FROM THE THEATRE OP WAR.

To-day. the 2.9 d, the following accounts have been
received of the operations before Varna, and the taking
of that place: .

1..--OPIRATIOIIII ItTORI VARNA• FROM THIC IST TO

THE STH OCTOBER.

The two mines laid under the walls of the formal
wete finished to our wish, and sprung on the Sd and
4th'ectober. The 'first WAS laid with great difficulty
and not without danger to the workmen, under the ex.
tram points of the north bastion, towards the sea. Part
of the works of this bastion was damaged by springing
the mine, sad fell into the ditches. The second mine
was laid on the right front, tinder the second northern
bastion: Colonel Scheldtr made an entrance. to it, and,
charged it with the greatest courage, in spite of the fire,
of the.enenty, who, observing what was doing, made,
fonr attacksduriag the night, but was each time re-
pulsed with loss. The mine was sprung at three o'clock
in the afternoon, and the result fully sits weed our es-
!visitations, as two breaches me already made in this
bastion.

The corps of Omer Vricsne, notwithstanding the rein-
fercements it received, has made no further movement
to the 18th (30th' Sept.) Oa our side the corps ot (ion.
histions has also been strengthened, and redoubts
erected w cover his position.. in this manner the De•
cassary measures have bent taken to prevent any relief
being received by the fortress.
-Prince Eugene ot Wirtemburg has lefia strong ad-
e ICCAI good in Hassan Lao, and has advanced to
Oonsiscsyk. • To strengthen the right ping of Gerteral
4listront9t pontos* the evrpe of Major General Dellis".

• - •
haven has drawn nearer to him, and has occupied the
village of ltesnardzi.
tr.—OPERATIONS BE/ORE VARNA, PROM OCTOBER 5 TO
• OCTollek 9.
Our works having opened a way to the towels, it
was resolved to detach some troops to take possession.
it possible, by means, of a breach of the north bastion
nearest the sea, and to erect a battery in it ; 110 sharp
shooters and chosen. sailors were appointed for this p.o.'
pose, who were to be supported by one company 'of the
13th regiment of sharpshooters, two companies of the
Ismailow regiment ot, the guards, and 150 labourers
I provided with gshions.
On the 7th of October, an hoar before day.break,
the sharpshooters, led by Ljeutenant Zaitzeffski of the
Navy, penetrated int ) the bastion without firing a, shot.
and killed all the Turks that defended it. Meetintt
with no resistance, these brave men suffered themselves
to be led away by their courage, and without thanking
of taking possession of the bastion, which was the man
object, they penetrated into the middle of the:tovrt.
Meantime false attacks wine .nude .at three 0 fferent
.poiots by oar redoubts upon the town, and the Tin kisb.
tirailleurs, who had conceded themselves in the ditches
of the fortresses, were driven out of Menu Notaith.
standing this uneapected success, and the supprnt that
Continued to be sent, to the shalsrdlOOterts it was to br
foreseen that they would not be able either to rear
the whole of the eaernses petition or. to .retain Mimr
sion or the bastioh. To pievent. further blood.heds• a
retreat was rosined. The men retired in the grentrit
order, and brought with them a great number ol Cr..'li
tiara women and children, who had joined them in the
town. Two pair of colours found in the bastion were
taken. As it was impossible to bring away 14 cannon
which were there, they were partly spiked by our people,
and partly thrown into the sea. We had 80 killei, and
300 wounded. Toe loss of the enemy may be esti.
mated at 600 men.
Though this enterprise had not the result that war}
intended, it served to prove to the Turks that they weep
•no longer safe in the walls of Varna, and that by Means'
of the breaches that bad been made, the fortress Might
(be taken by storm. Accordingly, a Turkish Off Mer
came to negotiate for the surrender of the fortress.
This morning (the 9th) Jussuff Pacha, one of the Chief
Commanders in the town, arrived here to confer with
Admiral Greiff . This does not hinder the progress of
oar works, which are coninued with equal rapidity and
success.

Since the 30th September the enemy bas not at-
tempted any thins against General Biaroro, who re-
tain, his old position our 04 south side of the Bay of
Varna. Turks sometimes appear at a distance, but
they retreat at the first shot.
3.—(This-,ic the Bulletin already published, stating
the surrentler of Juibuff Pacha and his troops, without
capitulation, and afterwards of the rest cf the garrison,
with the exception of the Capitan Pacha and a taw fol.
lowers,, who- retreated into the citadel, where be was
taken by the Russians, who Intered through the
breaches withont.oppOsition, with•drinas beating and
colours tying.)
,4r-ACCOUNT OP TIM DIRPORZ OCHIDELA
FROM THE 2STID SEPT. TO. SD OCT.

On the 28th September in the morning, the enemy
'began to fire upon us from the fortress. and at the same
time his cavalry. in largensasses. advanced against the
.outposts of our left wing. Major General Sysojew,
with the reserve of his regiment of Cossacks, met the
enemy,, and endeavoured to draw him towards our re-
doubts, and sn to bring him within the range of our
fire. Towards noon the enemy received rpinlonensents
'of cavalry and infantry from the town, but *wee aim! '
palled by the fire of our redoubts to retreat to Schwalm.
On the succeeding days we cannonaded each other;
without any considrrable loss on our side.
On the 2d October, the enemy detached'a corps of
4,000 infantry, and 5,000 cavalry, and 14 cannon, on
tbe.road to Silistria, to cut off from our camp Major
Geiseral Nabel, who was advancing .with a brigade Of
Hulans towards Schumla. Adjutant General Orin*
was therefore ordered to defeat tire enemy's plan, and
iarasediately.set out with the first division of Chasseurs
on horseback, four battalions of infantry, and 16 cannon,
towards the village of Kadvikroi, attacked, the enemy,
silenced his cannon, and compelled him to tett eat.—
Meantime Major General Nabel. whOwas attacked by
the enemy's cavalry, had intercepted it, and joined
Count Orlow's division.
5.-4-ACCOUNT OF Till OPERATIONS IN LITTLI WALLA.
CHIA, OW THE 4111 OCTONER..
. Lieut. General Langeton reports. as follows—The
Setaskier of Widdin, at the head Or 26.000 men, and
tliiity cannon, left on the 24th September, the intrencli-
meats at Kalafat. He was already designated before-
hand to be P4Cha .of this town, an appointment of which
there has been hitherto no ipstance in the two principal
ties. Having advanced to the ',Mar. of Boglesta.theTurks
began to intrench themselves. Major Gen.Geismar,with
la division ri 4,200 men, was at a distance of seven
watts. Notwithstanding their superior force, General
Geismar resolved to anticipate the Turks, and, by a
gotous attack, to hinder them from proceeding with
their intrenchmento. He accordingly attacked them
on the 26th September. about noon. An obstinate com-
bat ensued. which continued till nightfall without any
decisive advantage on either side. The New Roots
and Kargopol regiments of dragoons greatly distin-
guished themselves OA this day ; and also the Tamsk
reeituent of infantry, which repulsed with considerable
loss the attacks of the Turkish regular infantry.
After this action, General lieismar saw very clearly
that he should be attacked again on the following day,
.nd that the enemy, who were so very superior, might
eiasily surround him, or at least attack him in Sank—
he therefore resolved to attack hips the second time the
same night, and executed this resolution with the most
brilliant success. After a desperate resistance, the
Turkish regular troops were destroyed ; the other corps
gave way in the greatest confusion. Seised with or•
roc, they fled as fear as Kalatat, where about ten thou.
sand men arrived without their arms, which they had
thrown away. The loss of the enemy amounts to some
thousands killed and six hundred prisoners. Among
the former is the Paeha of Albania. The whole of the
enemy's camp fell into our hands, besides twentploar
pair of colours, seven cannons, a great number of
horses, and waggons with ammunition and provisions
of all kinds. We lost nearly six hundred men killed and
wounded.
Thisiplandid victory ensures the tranquillity of Lit.
de Wallacbiat and hinders die. caseation of tlit flaws

kites plan to lay waste that pmvisice; and cut tAF int
e.immunication with the Riissom carpi destinectfor iqt
lefence. His Majesty has recompensed M ejor•Gen•
Geismar by promoting him to the tank of Lieutenant,
General.—Pressiers Mate Oaring, Oct. 24.
iicittrN, OCT. 24.
We have the following pirticulart to give to thou
we gave yesterday— •
Already on the Bthof October, at noon, a Private Se.
:retary of the Capitan PaChia, accompanied by two other
Turks. appeared on board the Paris. to commence a
negotiation for the surrender of. Varese. Be the Ens.
:be rotes orders he was referred to Admiral Greig, but
eturned without coming to any undersanding. Thn
.egociatinn was, however, renewed by the same Envoy
I in the morning of the 9th, in Count Woronsow's tent,
but did not lead to a snore favourable result. In the
evening Jussut Pacha himself appeared, and the result
if the conference with him was, that a *naive deck.
ration was promised for the nest day. The Riche re.
•uining on the lOth; gave his declaration 'bathe most
acknowledge the impossibility of defending the place
4my longer, and 'hectare c•isild only vote for the see,
tender. As the CApitaa.Peeha, however, would sot
cooseat to a capitulation on any ternis,beolo.suff ['debit
had revolved not to return into tbe fames% but to place
hiniself under the protection of the Emperor. Wbeq
this pesolotion was known in the town. all the troops
that were undeethe'carninand'of JossurP4ctia
itoaae-
distely [Aid down their .arms. and during the nighrof
the 10th; aid on the morning of the 11th, they came is
troops with their Commanders nut of the town, to sae,
render themselves as prisoners s.f war to the besiegers.
After the gariison had in this manner dissolved itsel4
the Capita° Pachs,who, with those who remained faith.
ful to him, had fled into the citadel. requested to be al•
lowed to retire unmolested with SOO men, to the carps
under Omer Vrioae. The Emperor granted' this, on
condition that be should either take the road by way of
Fravati, or embark for Bourgas. Towarts noon Da.
puties came from the town and requested pen mission to
deliver the keys to the Emperor; lOC Erispes Of received
them on the top of the Telegraph Mountain. The town
was occupied by the Russian troops, and a salute from
all the ships announced and accompanied this happy
event.

The Ambassadors and Envoys of Foreign Powers.
who embarked at Odessa on the Sd, arrived in the rued
of Versa on the Stb. They. are Prince Philie. itf Hesse
Homburg, the Austrian Ambassador; the Mike de
Mortemart, the French Ambassador; the Katsina
Charge d'Affaires, Counseller Vim Koster ; the Prussian
Lieutenant• Colonel, Von Thun ; the Swedish Ainbassis
dor, Baron Von Pahustierna I and, the Hanoverian
Ambassador, Lieutenaot-General Von Domberg. They
will remain on board the .hip which brought them—.
Pressidus bests Uascite, Oct. 25.