The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1852-04-13 00:00:00

in the Lords, and that to be moved b

Mr. HUME in

the Commons, may throw some light upon the subject.
So the Income Tax steadily decreases. Mr. CARDWELL
had better apply again to his friends Mr. G. R. PORTER
and Mr. MACGREGOR for instructions how to deal with
that fact. The income tax, in truth, represents the pro-
perty and the industry of the country; and, as free trade
advances, it steadily goes down, and what say the free
traders ? Why that it ought to be imposed on those
whose incomes are below as well as those whose incomes
are above £l5O, per mermen. There is comfort for the
working classes ! Peel has at length a chance of being

" remembered in their dwellings" with a vengeance ! The
illustrations of the Free-trade journals are very fair and
simple. They are "as easy as lying." The classes whose

incomes are under £l5O, they say, aro those who enjoy
the benefits of Free-trade, and till they are rated to the
income tax, it will be no test of how Free-trade is work-
ing. One of the Free-trade journals tells us that. such
" very unjustly and unwisely exempted from
ns of the tax." Had not some of the Liver-
Mr. CARDWELL whether he is

onies arc

the opera

pool people better ask

PREPARED TO TAX INCOMES UNDER .Zl5O ? for such it

seems is the project of his party, if ever they are in
a condition to act in office again—a pleasant prospect for
clerks and employe's, who may happen to escape at present

the free-

trade impost !

Easter week has made everything dull but the Theatres
and the Parks. There is not even a scene in the House

to enliven us

TO THE RIGHT HON. EDWARD CARD-
WELL, ESQ., M.P.

SIR,—In your address to the Electors of Liver-
pool you quote the following figures, as a proof of
the beneficial effects of Free Trade :
" 1842, the value of the goods we sent abroad
was

£47,381,000
1851, ditto ditto
or more than one-half as much again. The reason is
obvious : we had consumed so much more of the com-
forts that came from abroad, that it was necessary to send
out a corresponding increase of our manufactures ; and in
order to produce them, labour was employed at home,
and wages were paid."

Now, why you should fix upon the year 1842,
it being the lowest amount from 1838 to 1845—a
period of eight years—l am at a loss to know,
unless it was the time that Sir R. Peel altered the
tariff; and even this is not sufficiently palliative for
the selection. However, as you have been pleased
to use it for your purpose, you will surely not
object to my doing so for mine.

Now the difference between 1842 and 1851 is no

less than £27,000,000 of an increase—no incon-
siderable amount, and, were it really from the
effects of Free Trade, would at once stamp the
wisdom of that policy; but, on reference to the
following figures, taken from the same source as
your own, I perceive it is not the case :

VIZ., BRITISH AND IRISH PRODUCE AND MANUFACTURES

EXPORTED FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM
1842.. £47,381,000

1845.. 60,111,000 .. Increase in 3 years, £12,730,000
1851.. 74,250,000 — 6 14,139,000
Thus, I find that about £13,000,000, or one-half
of the increase, took place in the last three years of
Protection, whilst, under the six years (or double
the time) of Free Trade, it is only £14,000,000, or
£1,000,000 more ; so that, under Protection, we
were increasing in our exports at the rate of about
41 million pounds sterling per annum, whilst
under Free Trade it is only about 2+ millions
per annum.

But let me also refer you to the other side of the
question. The imports of grain, meal, and flour
(which, I presume, are the comforts you allude to)
have increased as follows :
Imports of Grain, Flour, &c.
1845. 1851. Increase.
Grain cf all kinds.. qrs. 2,099,567 I 8,139,270 6,039,703
Flour and meal.... cwts. 945,864 I 5,367,094 I 4,421,126
NOW, by taking all descriptions of grain at the
low average of 255. per qr., and flour at 12s. per
cwt. (1851), it will make the above increase of
grain, &c., Imported, to come to something like
£10,000,000; whilst there has been an increase of
only £1,000,000 more of our goods Exported in
SIX years of Free Trade, as compared with the
progressive increase of the last THREE years of
Protection.

! !! Then, where do you find the "corresponding
increase in the Exports of our Manufactures ?"
Do the above facts show it !! I Where do you find
`• that it has caused the labour to be employed at
home?" From the Emigration Returns !!! Where
do you find wages have been paid ? From this
odd million. Why, the Cotton trade alone pro-
duces above £1,000,000 of articles per week, of
which the greater portion is labour ; so that it
would be only equivalent to one week's wages in
this article alone.

You further say, that Free Trade gives wages as
well as food to the Englishman, and makes the
foreigner pay. Will you please be so kind as to
enlighten me a little more upon this point, as I
cannot, for the life of me, find out by what means
or in what shape the foreigner is paying the wages
of our operatives, when he is not taking anything
like a CORRESPONDING increase of our manu-
factures for the grain, flour, and other COMFORTS
we are taking from him?

JUSTITIA.

LIVERPOOL POLICE COURT.

YESTERDAY.

THEFT FROM A PUBLIC-HOUSE.—James Smith and
Henry Reed, two men who, from time to time, have been
remanded on the charge of having stolen £36 from the
public-house of Mrs. Mary Beckett, of Great Howard-
street, at the corner of Blackstock-street, were brought
up:before the magistrates for further examination. On Fri-
day week the prisoners were at :the house, and went into
the bar, in the till of which the money had been deposited.
The key of the drawer was hanging over the fire-place; it
was afterwards found in the key-hole of the drawer, and
the prisoners had been seen standing near to it. The
money had been carried away. The prisoners were com-
mitted for trial.

THEFT BY A SERVANT.—Elizabeth Davies was charged
with having stolen a scarf and various other articles from
Elizabeth Roe, residing in Islington, with whom she had
becn living as domestic servant; and also with stealing
various articles of wearing apparel from the house of
Elizabeth Price, of Bridport-street, at whose house she
had been an occasional visitor. The articles, subsequently
to their being stolen, were found pledged at various pawn-
shops. The prisoner was committed for trial.
Coot.—An Irishwoman was sent to goal for two months
for stealing two shirts from the shop door of Mr. Jones,
of Whitechapel. The prisoner unslung the shirts and
oolly walked off with them.
ANOTHER ROBBERY FROM A PUBLIC-HOUSE.—Wil-
liam Allen, James Henry Moore, and Margaret Stett,
were charged with having been implicated in a robbery
from the public-house of Mrs. Andrew Lee, of Queen
Ann-street, on the 25th of March last. The house was
entered through a back window by the prisoner Allen.
The prisoner Moore was observed to be waiting there, and
to receive a cash-box, containing jewellery and half-a-
crown in silver from his coadjutor. The cash-box,
divested of its contents, was afterwards found under the
George's Dock bridge. The police traced a quantity of
clothing stolen at the same time to an improper house in
Westmoreland-street, where the prisoner Stett resided.
Here lived a vile girl named Bridget Lennon, and Stet
prevailed upon her to take the articles and offer them in
pledge at Mr. Barlow's, in Cheshire. She did so ; but
Mr. Barlow having previously received a police notice
advising him of the robbery, communicated with the
police. No clue was obtained until Saturday last, when
detectives Sullivan and Wallace got some private infor-
mation which led to the apprehension of the prisoners.
The prisoners were committed for trial.

DENSE FOG IN LONDON.—On Saturday morning the
metropolis was visited by a dense fog, which lasted until
eleven o'clock. Great inconvenience was felt on the
river, as large cargoes of foreign and other cattle were
arriving for the London markets, and several steamers
were considerably delayed.
THE DRAPERS' COMPANY OF LONDON has sent the
liberal contribution of 100 guineas, besides an annual
subscription of £25. to the Irish Church Missionary So-
ciety ; and a sum of £5O to the Ennis Fishing Society,
which has been established for the employment of converts
to the Protestant faith.

FUND FOR THE SURVIVORS OF THE "BIRKENHEAD."
—On Saturday, a special meeting of the Town Council
was held at Portsmouth to consider the best means to be
taken, in order to raise a fund for the relief of the suffer-
ers from the loss of the Birkenhead. Upwards of £lOO
was raised in the room. An amateur performance is
announced by the garrison.
THE SOLICITOR-GENERAL, SIR FITZROY KELLY, has
returned to London, but is expected to leave town again
to-day, (Tuesday,) having been invited to become a can-
didate for the representation of the eastern division of
Suffolk, in the room of Lord Rendlesham, deceased. No
opposition is expected to the learned gentleman'
—Morning Herald

s return

THE NEN'
Bill has beer

MILITIA BILL.—The Government Militia
printed. The Secretary of State may make
s to the qualification and appointment of
er of militia to be raised is 80,000, of
in the present, and 30,000 in
are to be made with respect

regulation

next ye
to quo/

on nected there-

with. The militia is 'to be raised by voluntary enlistment.
The bounty is not to exceed £6, and no periodical pay-

I after the rate of 25._6(1. r

Auntce

Nlajest inere are several.
y to order regiments to
a how the mon cn.. I,„

COMMERCIAL AND MONETARY NEWS.

MONDAY NIGHT.
BUSINESS during the last week was interrupted
by the commencement of the holidays; and of
Saturday and yesterday it may truly be said that
scarcely any business was doing. The approaching
elections continue to occupy the attention of our
mercantile community; and a further bar to opera-
tions is caused by the non-arrival of the large fleet
of inward-bound vessels, known to be within a day
or two's sail of the port, and the cargoes of which
are much wanted to assort stocks. Were these
temporary hindrances to business got rid of, every
circumstance seems to favour a resumption of
active business.

Money is abundant and low in price ; and the
position of the Bank of England, acted upon, as it
is likely to he, by the bullion which is coming
rapidly to this country from Australia, would,
under ordinary circumstances, lead us to anticipate
unwarrantable speculatio 1. Thus far, however,
there is no evidence of such a consummation
occurring in our produce markets, the present
abundance of money being taken advantage of
chiefly by the railway and other companies to enable
them to pay off loans raised at high rates, and thus
lighten the pressure, in the shape of interest, upon
their revenues. There has been a falling off in last
week's return of specie in the bank, usual at the
close of a quarter ; but the stock must shortly be
made up again by the recent large arrivals.
The return from the Bank of England for the
week ending the 3rd of April, gives the following
results when compared with the previous week :
Public deposits .... .e 7,687,703 ; Decrease ...291,112
Other deposits
Rest 3,624,418 ; Increase .... 2,912
On the other side of the account—
Govet nment securities. 13,567,593; the same as before.
Other securities
Notes unemployed

The amount of notes in Circulation is £20,687,455,
being an increase of £537,210 ; and the stock of
bullion in both departments is £19,596,501, show-
ing a decrease of £219,244, when compared with
the preceding return.
In our Share Market we have again to notice a
more limited amount of business during the week,
with prices, until Thursday evening, showing a dis-
position to decline. Saturday was a close holiday in
the provincial markets, (excepting Manchester,) but
in London a large business was done, and prices gene-
rally advanced. To-day our market is very strong,
and we have had a very large business at higher rates
than during the week. We annex the quotations :
Aberdeen, 141 ; Caledonian, 19 1-16th ; Eastern
Counties, 91; East Lancashire, 171; Great Western,
801 ' • Lancashire and Yorkshire, 721 I /-c ;
Do. fifth, 6'ld; London Stock, 1241 ; Do. new
quarters, 51p; Sheffield, pref. shares, 13; Midland
Stock, 66 -k 6 ; Do. new pref. Id. ; Do. consol.
Birmingham and Derby Stock, 35:1; North British,
; South Eastern and Dover Stock, 21i; York;
and Midland, 25 1; Commercial Bank. 101
_ _

The Cotton Market, operated upon similarly to
our other markets, remains dull. Better qualities
are scarce, but buyers hold off far the fresh arrivals.
In inferior descriptions—of which what we have
received recently chiefly consists—a shade of con-
cession has been made. The quotations of Thurs-
day, when the circular was printed, were, New
Orleans, 51d. ; Mobile, 51d.; Uplands, 51d. Stocks,
343,630, against 535,940 bales last year.
The Corn Market continues inactive; and, where
sales have been made, lower prices have been sub-
mitted to, the stocks on the way contributing to
produce this result. _

Trade in the manufacturing districts is partially
suspended, owing to the Easter holidays. At
Manchester, in one or two cases, considerable orders
for Yarns have been given out by continental ship-
ping houses ; but these cases are quite exception-
able, the rule being only to supply pressing demands.
By magnetic telegraph we learn that to-day the
market in that city wore a quiet appearance, with
only a limited demand. For Woollen Cloths a
slow but steady demand prevails, at Leeds and
Huddersfield. Stocks being low, prices are generally
supported.

LATEST STATE OF THE LIVERPOOL

MARKETS

COTTON.--The market was closed for the tran-
saction of business from Thursday evening. On
Saturday a few sales were made privately. This
morning business opened quietly, and, in the absence
of the Niagara's advices, not yet reported, the
demand was of the same moderate character which
prevailed for some time previous to the holidays.
We closed this afternoon with steadiness, but rather
tamely. Prices of all kinds are much the same as
when the brokers circular was issued. To-day's
business sums up 5,500 bales, of which 4,420 were
American, at 31d. to 53d; 500 Surat, 3Ed. to 4id.;
300 Egyptian, 61d. to 7d. ; 50 Bahia, 6id. ; 150
Pernam and Maranhan, sid. to 6d.; and 80 Sea
Island, 131 d. to 10d. per lb. The import, exclusive
of a cargo to-day, since Thursday, is 10,000 bales.
WooL.—The business done in our wool market
last week was quite of a retail character; but, as
there is very little offering, prices are pretty well
maintained.

SUGAR.—Business has scarcely been resumed
since the close of the markets on Thursday, con-
sequently the transactions unreported since the
publication of the Brokers' Circular do not embrice
more than 270 hhds. Demerara at 295. Q., and
345. to 355. for Vacuum Pan, per cwt.
MOLASSES.—No sales reported, but prices are
not lower.

Rum.-20 puns. Jamaica, and 40 puns. Deme-
rara, have found buyers at the current rates.
COFFEE.—Very little business doing in this
article. A small lot of Middling Jamaica reported
at 655. per cwt.

TEA.—This market is rather firm, at least there
is more inclination to examine samples than during
the past four days.
RuNr.—At the public sales held on Thursday,.and
subsequently by private treaty,.l,ooo bags ordinary
Bengal brought 9s. 3d. to 913. 6d. per cwt.
SUNDRIES.-290 bags saltpetre are reported at
235. to 235. 6d. for low, and 298. for 61 per cent.
refraction. A small lot of pearl sago, at 188. 6d.
25 cases castor oil, at 34- to 4 per lb. 36 tons safron
wood, at £9 ss. 6d. to £94105. per ton; and 13,000
bales jute at £9 to £ll per ton.
CATTLE.—We have a small supply of beasts,.but
a good number of sheep on sale at to-day's market.
The numbers offered were-1,580 of the former,
and 4,998 of the latter. There was a good attend.
ance of buyers, and beef met a brisk demand, so
that mostly all on sale was cleared off at an early
hoar, and rather better prices were paid. NlUtton
was a slow sale, and buyers had the advantage in
prices, although few were turned out undisposed of
at the close of business.. Present prices are
Beef—prime heifer, sd. to 51d • second class ditto
and fat bullocks, 41d. to scl. ; half-fat bullocks
and old cows, 41d. to 41d.
Mutton—prime wedder„ 6'd. to 6/d. and 61d ;-.second
class ditto, 51c1. to 6,(1.; old ewes, 41d.. to 5/d.
per lb. sinking the offal.

EMIGRATION TO AUSTRALIA.—A splendid ship called
the " Fanny" lay moored in the stream yesterday prior to
her departure this morning for Port Philip. She•was much
admired by the hundreds crossing to the several ferries.
She is 950 tons register, snd carries out no less 270 of our
countrymen, who, being under the protection of Captain
Forrest, will no doubt fare well on the voyage. The
" Fanny" was consigned to Messrs. J. S. De -Wolf and Co.

MR. HENRT MAYHEW'S LECTURES ON LONDON
THIEVES, &c.—Mr. Henry Mayhew, well known to the
reading public as the "commissioner" of the Morning
Chronicle, has been delivering a course of three lectures
in the Theatre Royal, conveying his experiences of the
eondition and habits of the vagabond classes of the metro-
polis, and his impressions as to the efficacy, or rather
inefficacy, of the various reformatory systems hitherto
attempted. The lectures, particularly the two last, were
well attended by highly respectable and interested audi-
ences. Mr. Mayhew showed the various gradations of
crime and street life, beginning generally with want of
the means to earn a living honestly, and ending with a
preference for the dishonest life. Mr. Mayhew told many
humorous and instructive anecdotes of his intercourse
with these classes, both in the metropolis, and since his
visit to Liverpool. He stated it as one important fact,
that the bulk of the juvenile offenders he had ascertained
to be orphans or deserted children, and that a mere
knowledge of reading and writing imparted to them made
them more accomplished in their evil courses.
CHARGE AGAINST THE POLICE.—On Tuesday a man,
named Wilkinson, in the employ of Messrs. Preston and
Co., preferred a charge against two police-officers, 489
and 606, of striking him on the head and breaking his knee-
cap with their sticks. He stated that, on the previous
night Sunday, whilstgoing along Vauxhall-road ,the officers,
without any cause, said that he was drunk, took him to
bridewell, and frequently struck him with their sticks.
he case was adjourned till Wednesday, when Messrs.
Lynch and Cripps, two medical gentlemen who attended
the defendant, said that the wound on his head had doubt-
less been caused by a blow with a stick, but the knee-cap
had probably been broken by great muscular exertion,
and not by any blow. Mr. Mansfield reprimanded the
officers, and said that, for the present, he should only sus-
pend them, till he had further considered the evidence,
which was exceedingly contradictory. Officer 489 had

iven his evidence in a very straightforward manner, bore
very good character, and had evidently been greatly
rovoked. As to officer 606, who acknowledged to strik-
1g the complainant with his stick, he was much to be
lamed, and if, on further consideration, he thought the
Induct of either officers warranted the punishment, they
hould be dismissed.

A Cor

HAS BEEN BURNT TO CINDERS at a wake at
Belfast. The company got drunk, the candles ignited th@
bedclothes, and the living escaped as best they could,

CHURCH OF ENGLAND INSTITUTION.
ANNUAL MEETING LAST NIGHT.

The second annual meeting of the members of this In-
stitution was held in the Rooms, 33, Bold-street, last
evening. The chair was occupied by HARMOOD BANNER,
Esq. ; and we noticed, among others, the following gen-
tlemen :—Revs. Dr. Hume, G. W. Warr, Wm. Brewster,
H. M. Mosse, Messrs. Hubback, Johnson, &c.
After prayer, the CHAIRMAN called upon the Hon.
Secretary, who read the following