Star.
London, England, 1829-08-27 00:00:00

AROMATIC SPIRIT OF VINEGAR.

['HIS agreeable perfumed liquor (the original in-
A. vention of Mr. Henry) which b• of well-known efficacy in
relieving Faintness and Headache, and in counteracting the
effects of overheated, close, se infected air, continues to be pre.
pared, in the greatest perfection, by Messrs. THOS. and WM.
HENRY, Manufacturing Chemists, Manchester. It is sold in
London, wholesale and retail, by Mews. Bartz: and BLew,
Perfumers, Cocitspur.street ; and Retail, price Is. 9d. by one
agent or more in every principal Town ; but it cannot be genuine,
unless the names of the above preparers are engraved on the
Government stamp, which is Axed over the cork of each box.—
Proper Sponge Boxes are sold by Bayley and Blew, as usual.
As above may also be bad, authenticated by a similar stamp,
CALCINLD Maatrnu, in bottles at fts. 9d. Of with glass
stoppers at 4s. 6d.

BUTLER'S FLUID EXTRACT OF SARSA•
PARILLA. Sarsaparilla has of late years been much used
as an alterative in Scrofulous Affections, Scurvy. and other cute-
oeous Diseases, and is considered by the must eminent Surgeons
of the present day as the very best Medicine for re-establishing
the Constitution after it has undergone the effects of Mercury, or
has been injured by what is denominated Secondary Symptoms.--
This Fluid Retract contains ail the properties of the Root in a
cooceatrated elate, will keep for any length of time, and the De.
• cocoon made in one minute.

- - -
Sold In bottles at 4s. id. a& 4d. and son. by ,Messrs. Butler,
Chemists, alterable, corner of St. Paul's, Londe° ; Sackville-
areal* Dublin ; and Princes•street, Edinburgh ; and the principal
Druggists ; of whom may be bad BUTLER'S COIN
POUND ESSENCE of CU BE BS. This preparation is a strong
&moat of the Cobebs, in combination with other ingredients.
which, whilit Seinallyntild sod limo:loos to the Consdtution,bave
been fontid,
.by experience materially to lacrosse the known
ollicacy.of the C'obebs. ft is therefore cooildendy recesittnended
for those airomkots arhing hoes diseases of the Kidneys, Bladder,
At. and that slims of llNsises generally in which the use of the
eoliths has been kimid es Serviceable. In bottles at 4s. Id. Ss. ed.
and SOL

Er Observe she Wrest of m ileum Boma," ea the Label.

Front the Cale-lonian Mercury.
This is a subject which has been in a great =awe a-
ghast' by the host of travellers who have visited Russia. They
lave indeed given us abundance of details respecting the thee-
reeks' constitution of the diffetent Cans of Law, or the 'dis-
ciples arm which they have been organised ; but en the far
mars Important question of their ties, ,
her
or 'vac-
deal apeman, they have either r snout et
at least cooled themselves to mere vowelise, from which
no woo ideas can be funned, no soh cam ihnions deduced.
Net is the muse et this dWidentp_olr Milerieffibloki regard to
a subject of so midi importemne, Meek se he diessoared.—Trs.
yellers en, 4 general, merely birds et ism*. who widest remain
loos enough in any oseatry to be able aecumiely to approdate the
affects produced by Its institutions, er se joke from observation
old esperioree of the aloe of these Milltedsos. as eaacsred or
contrasted with those of ether stades& Haw het re
coarse to books for the iaforostien width hey seek to have
obtained tress very dillerent sources, and davit* apt their
predecessors, without having by standard by whisk to try used
decide spin the aerectness et their statemesta, err the mood.
assess of their reamoings. Id this way it is that error descends, and
at the same tate accumulates; while speculative writers, whose
business it is to classify and arrange the materials thus supplied,
and to endeavour to detetmine the principle which connects them,
are necessarily betrayed into the greatest errors, and become in-
strumental in propegating complete delusion, matters
ea which it is utterly impossible to hem a correct in the
absence of eyebath and well-ascertained facts.
But on this, as en meet other subjects, it is of course much
easier apart out a defect than to supply it • nor in the present
case do we nabs any such pretension. A 104 residence and a
praetidd or experboontal eapsaintarbee with the operative goal-
ties of the institutions of a canny, together with a talent both
for sheaving and goarralleing. are indispensable to enable any
sae to convey solid and useful inforniadoo, or to give us an sc-
curate notion of the relative amount et good or of evil resulting
from their operatics. Our object is to lay before our readers
a little narrative whisk we lately derived from a highly respect-
able aura, and which appears to us calculated to throw a
strong light on the administration of justice in a country to which
the attention of all norepe is at present so powerfully directed.—
We may premise, however, that the salary of a Judge in the So-
prano Courts of Ruda does not exceed two hundred pounds sta-
ling per annum • a sum which, even in that country, is utterly in-
adequate to enable the holder of .each *ace to maintain that rata
and station in society which be is expected to support. The cense.
=may he easily fervors. Judges are incorruptible only where
sere independent ; and the converse of the proposition also holds
good; for where the niggard and mischievous parslmcny of the
Government withholds the means necessary for supporting their
dignity in a becoming manner, and where the usages of society
nevertheless exact that such functionaries shall move in a certain
r=l,l and live ie a certain style of expense, the temptation this
in their way, or, perhaps, It would be more correct to say
the necessity thus imposed upon them, is have recourse to under-
hand expedients for improving their incomes, is completely irri-
shale. Accordingly, it appears that in Aussie bribery is rediaced
to a system ; that justice has bog been a regular article of tone ;
and that, like any other article in the mullet, it haniformly sold to
the highest bidder. This at least Is the coodusion to be deduced
from the following Yale upon the accuracy and authenticity
of which car readers may dently rely :
An Anglo-Radio merchant, of the very highest re pectability.
happened, some years ago, to have emit with the Crown. in which
he was a claimant lee Wagtails:scion under some article of provi-
sion ht a Treaty. The grands of his claim were ondhgettably good.
and his case altogether as strong, that neither this landsman Lm
self, nor any of his countrymen wheal he cemehsd. siesseloinsd
the least doubt et his ultimate To hie great eurpries, how.
ever. It was decided against bins; and, upon further inquiry. be be-
gan to discover that there were other circomemesse which deter-
mined the issue of a ease la Ruda besides its aloha, nil that the
justice and equity of a claim, together with an unshelkapable
tide es the part of the clainuust, were among the lest hemp open
which a prudent man would rely for memo in the Tribemob of
that country. In a word, be found oat that be had been pity of
an unpardonable ended= in neglecting Is fee de Judge. For-
tunately, however the cull was not irremediable. An appeal
lay to a Court of Review in the last resort ; and as the decision
pronounced in the Court below would have been ruinous if al-
lowed to become Anal, an appeal was brought accordingly. It
is from this point that the Interest of our little narrative com-
mences. It was necessary to reach the presiding Judge in the
Court of last resort ; but bow was this to be accomplished ? A
careful and prudent reannoissaace revealed the proper mode of
proceeding, and *bowed not only bow the great representative
of Thema might be reached, but also bow his eyes could be ef-
fectually opened so as to see the whole circumstances and bearing
of the case in their proper light. In a word, the suitor, or rather
the appellant, found that it was necessary to bribe his way up to
the great oracle of justice himself. through all the lower gradations
of secretaries and other functionaries ; that at each step of his pro-
gram' be would be instructed bow he should proceed at the next,
and that with a heavy purse and an open hand he could not possibly
fail to succeed in obtaining a reversal of the judgment. With this
information he accordingly entered upon his course of corruption,
and found that he had not been deceived as to the personages with
whom be had to deal.

When he bad reached the last stage but one, be received most
minute and detailed instructions, as to the mode in which be was to
proceed in treating with the bead of the Court of Review for a re.
venal of the decree pronounced against him ; and, among other
things, be was told that the proper moment to make the tender of
the sets/was when that learned personage shut the door of his apart-
ment, after learning the nature and object of the visit paid him by
the appellant. Thus tutoted and instructed, our friend accordingly
waited upon this upright Judge, and, after some interlocutory and
triv.lous remarks, broached the subject by mentioning the case
in which be was concerned, stating the judgment which had been
pronounced, and hinting that a reversal of the decree would not
fail to produce a strong expression of his gratitude. The Dis-
penser of Justice in the last resort, however, remained unmoved,
sad affected not to understand his visitor, mere gratitude being a
sort of payment for which be bad evidently no relish. In order,
therefore. to prevent ambiguity, and bring matters a little closer,
the appellant then hinted that the expression of his gratitude
would be substaxiial, laying strong emphasis on the last word,
and at the sane time suiting the action to the word. This had the
desired effect—the stern features of justice relaxed—a new light
overshadowed the countenance of her representative—he moved
slowly towards the door which bad been left opener ceessedee, and
having cautiously shut at, again approached Ws visitant. The
latter, who had his cue, now spoke out; explaining in a most
distinct and intelligent manner what be meant by gratitude, and
plumply naming a good round sum. The Judge huckstered a
little, anxious to raise his price to the utmost; sad having so
far succeeded, a regular bargain was concluded. and the money
paid down ea the nail. " May I new upon you (said
the briber to the bribed) for a reversal of this " Most
certainly," replied the latter; and he kept his word. The judg-
ment was reversed, the merchant got his money, and, upon the
whole, was not dissatisfied with his bargain. Indeed we have
beard him remark. joculatly, in reference to this transaction, that
be was not sure whether the Russian mode of proceeding was not,
after all. the best ; since it was upon the whole cheaper to fee the
Judge once, as in Russia, than to fee Counsel twenty. thirty, or
forty times, as In Ragland or Scotland; while, over and above,
the litigant is always are In the former country to have value for
his money, in the shape of $ judgment, pronounced in terms of the
contract entered into with the Judge.
This little narrative, for the substantial accuracy of which
we can vouch (at least it there be any error. it lays In oar mode
et telling the story), Is more instructive than twenty disquisi-
tions in reference to the way in which justice la administered,
or we shield rather say soW, in Russia. For if corruption so
gross and unblushing prevails in the very highest Tribunal, and
it the presiding Judge can thus barter and traffic in his own do.
chinas, it is easy to conjecture how matters are managed in the
inferior judicatoties, which are necessarily filled with persons
of a lower grade. and who, being still more needy sod dependent,
must for that very reason be. if possible, still more corrupt.—
Add to this, that the Russian character is deeply debased
and degraded ; that It is a compound of the worst vices of barba-
rism and ; and that a long period moat still elapse ha
fore the remains of the former are eradicated, and the latter ena-
bled to exert a benign and improving influence on the feelings, ha-

• Goatees= just returned from Italy has favoured us with a
aerates of a State Paper recently published at Rome. We give it
waist sersreast. or even advertence to the consciences, political
iieriesee, lit even moose of compooldos, in the Right Reverend
seisulbehmure of this • lidikeserouter Mgr"
&ens. of the Holy Roman Church. Cardinal Albani, Titular
of the Church of S. Mark in Via, and Secretary of State of
our Lord Pope Piss
The Ponta, as &green Pastan of the Church ef Jams
Omen append with reddest decrees. eves at the wry bight-
sing. the secret sockties or sects of latter times, aiming et lbe de-
struction of legitimate throe's and goverment*, and seshiag their
intent by execrable sweats--by the Wive:des of faith aid morals.
They have always manfully combatted show—ssitheiiii and
sulking. with the seesaw oceleslaidcal psitheneme, these who
belong, or shell belong, to thus. Those deems were readied to
full observation by the Bull " Quo graders males." pedihked by
Leo 111. of holy memory, and dated lath March. 10SL
Neither have less ears and seal. with regard to this meet impor-
tant object. been employed by the Bspetee Pond's, M their *n-
ations se temporal Sovwf*m—pre with indefatigable
citude, against the admission and eatabliduneut of the said diodes-
tine Societies within the ecclesiastical territory. To this end. the
edict of the 14th January, 1151, Weed from the &usury of
State's Mee, prohibited. under pain of death and cesilecaties of
property, every person from being cum present at similar
assemblies. Another edict, from the same olice, dual Illteamb
of August, 1114, with sevue Grammes, stopped the course
of Secret Societies. which, during the confusion caused by
late invasions, had been enabled to establish the/mikes with im-
pushy in several pens of the Ecclesiastical States. Subsequent
political disturbances is other regions having rekindled the sectarian
enthusiasm, and imported new activity to clandestine meetings, to
join which eves the seed samba* individuals of the lower classes
were invited, the of sectaries was checked, their crimes
were restrained, the dispersion of the proscribed associations
was obtained. by mow of the edicts of the 10th April. 1811. and
Mb Jely, 1824, and other energetic and rigorous measures.
His Holiness, our Sovereign Lord Plus VIII. Immediately upon
his glorious exaltation to the Pontificate, has directed his inde-
fatigable and Sovereign cares also to this object, which le of such
great importance especially in what relates to religion. morals.
and pub* traoliellity. and has vouchsafed to prescribe what he
has deemed needful. in order to procure the radical desire*.
doe, within the Ecclesiastical State, of the poisonous germ of
secret Societies, and at the sane time to provide against its
re-production, enjoining Us, " with the oracle of his own living
voice," to publish, in Rome, and throughout all the States of die
Holy See—the Legations, and the Duchies d Beseustoand Pon-
tocoryo inclusive—a new edict against the same, and against all
those who, in future, should unfortunately dare to belong to them.
We; therefore, in his sovereign name, ordain and command
what follows : -

L MI secret Sodetks ate forbidden. They are declared to be
associations of rebels--enemies to the Sovereign and the State.
11. The following shall be considered as guilty of high treason,
and punished with death and collimation :

1. Whosoever shall found or revive a secret Society nolo any
appellation. or shall contribute, by direct or Indirect means, t• the
permanency of any one that might exist in the ikelesissdcal State.
I. Whosoever shall receive any new member into sock Society,
even without any formality, ceremony, or the presence of others.
3. Whosoever shall be present at such reception, although taking
place without solemnity or ceremony.
4. Whomever, be having belonged to a secret Sudety, after the
re-establishment of the Pontifical Government down to the present
time. shall retain to be a member thereof, or of any other, not-
withstanding be might have been for each cause punished or ad-
monished, or had at any time spontaneously renounced it, or re-
ceded therefrom.

S. Whosoever dull have induced any an, whether by venomless
or constraint, to become a member of a secret Society.
1. Whosoever, at a meeting with one or more members of a se.
ern Society, shall trial of matters appertaining thereto, although
such conference be not attended with any ceremony or formality.
7. Whosoever s►all manage again of a secret Society,wbetber in
the interior of the State, in a foreign country, personally, by word
of mouth, by letters, papers, messages, symbols, signs, or any other
means.

S. Whoever shall supply arms, money, or other effects, to a secret
Society, to its agents or representatives.
9. Whosoever shall wittingly contribute—be it even in a single
instance—to the demands ur collections of funds required by a
secret Society, or by any agent or representative thereof.
10. Whosoever sisaU secretly favour or advise such Society.
11. Whosoever acting upon the spirit of a secret Society, shall
prescribe, even without promise of reward, or shall concert with
any one the murder of another perms. or shall be aiding or abetting
therein, whether by counsel, operation, giving or promising money,
dr other effects, or supplying arms, poison, or any other means,
although the crime be net attempted or executed, owing to cause
independent of his inclination.

Ig. Whosoever, actuated by the aforesaid spirit, shaU receive•
even gratuitously, such injunction, or shall, of his own will aed ac-
cord, tier to ►ill any say we by any means whatsoever, although
the murder be nut perpetrated or attempted, owing to CMOS fade•
pendent of himself.

111. To capital punishments shall be condemned—
Whotoever shall, even in a single instance, whether by agree-
ment or otherwise, provide or grant a place of meeting for con.
fereeces,or any other proceedings of a secret Society ; and the place
of meeting, if belonging so him who shall have granted it, shall be
forieited.

IV. To the galleys for life shall be condemned—
]. Whosoever shall strive to induce or oblige any one to become
a member of any secret Society.
2 Whosoever shall keep in his own possewionor in the keeping
of any other pens'', any representation, emblem, seal, certificate,
habit, badge, or other documents or tokens belonging to a secret
Society.
3. Whosoever, acting upon the aforesaid spirit, shall in any
manner forge, or fraudulently procure, a passport for any person,
although the said perms be not actually pursued ; and whosoever
shall counterfeit or alter public documents or papers, provided that
the forgery or alteration of such documents or papers be not of
themselves subject to capital punishment.
4. Whosoever, from the same spirit, shall conceal, receive, or
assist In the Sight of an accused person, who shall net be a war
relation, and those who, upon an eider of an agent or represents-
the of a secret Society, shall assist with money, or other means,
the relatives of one who is hidden, or has absconded, or is com-
mitted to prison, or condemned.
5. If, in regard to any of the crimes mentioned in Articles 1,
2,3, and 4, any of the said shall be committed by an individual
who had once been a member of a secret Society, from the re-
establishment at the Pontifical Government down to the present
time, he shall be punished with death, according to the provisions
in the paragraph 11. Art. 4.
s. And, in like manner, whosoever, as, having returned to be a
member of a secret Society, shall be punished with loss of life, if,
from the same sectarian spirit, he shall have committed any other
weighty crime, and should he have at any tame belonged to mei
Society
V. To the galleys shall be condemned for five years—
!. Whosoever, having been requested or induced to become a
member of a secret Society (although be have refused to belong
thereunto), shall not have revealed the same within the twelve
following days, either, in Rome, to the Prelate who is Governor
and Director of Police therein ; or, in the provinces, to their re-
spective Governors, or to the lliehops or their Vicars.
2. Whosoever, having, by any means, obtained • knowledge of
any clandestine meeting, assembly, or other operation of a secret
Society, shall not have, within the aforesaid term, given notice
thereof unto the aforementioned authorities.
3. Such informations shall be immediately transmitted to the le-
-cretary of State, and shall be kept Inviolably secret.
VI. Throughout the Ecclesiastical State, all the crimes which