Star.
London, England, 1828-07-30 00:00:00

DANUBE TO CONSTANTINOPLE.

THE DIFFERENT ROADS FROM THE LOWER

Von Sturmer, in his "Journey to the Turkish Capital:*
relates that there ate five different ways of travelling
from Bucharest to Constantinople. The first is to go
in company with the Janizaries attached to the em-
bassies, who generally make the journey every month ;
the Second is to go with one of the couriers of the
Princes of Moldavia and Wallachia; the third, in one's
own carriage; the fourth, in a hired carriage, which
may frequently be bad in Rustschuck; and the fifth,
with a caravan. Formerly, at least, the first of these
was the best and safest way, and seldom occupied more
than six or seven days. The second was somewhat less
safe, as the messengers of the Princes never command
the same respect as the Jantzaries. In one's own c4r-
riage it was unsafe to travel, unless accompanied by a
Janizary, who acted, at the same time, as courier and
escort, and geneially took the management of every
thing connected with the journey into his own hands.
With a hired carriage, the journey seldom took up less
than fourteen days. These conveyances, or, as they are
called in the dialect of the country, Araba, resemble in
some measure the wicker basket 'waggons in use in the
North of Germany, with a cover of linen to protect the
traveller from the sun. They have no seats—instead of
which they are furnished with cushions, upon which you
msy sit cre,s-legged in the true oriental fashion. They
are painted in general, aft drawn by bullocks, and as
many As eight persons can sit in them. The caravans
also reqiire about a fottnight to go from Rtistschuck to
Constantinople. A Caravan-baschi determines the
length of eacbday's journey, as well as the places where
they are to halt. - They lodge in the different khans, or
caravanseries—a kind of spacious stable, calculated to
accommodate upwards of 100 horses and their riders,
the former occupying the centre, while the latter spread
out thtir mats on a'kind of elevation that runs round
the whstle.building,'.with here and there a fire-place.
There.is a kind, of posting ip Turkey, with stations
for changing horses. but these ate only for the saddle.
The usual mid, kfter crossing the Danube -at Rusts-
chuck, is to proceed to'flisgrad or Hesargrad (27 miles),
to Shumla (18 miles), to Parawadi (18. miles). This
'town contains 8,000 inhabitants, and•is situated in a
valley among rocks, on the river Suntanlar, in a pic-
tuiesque country, and it is here that the mountains may
be said to begin. The road tlsetice is very, much over-
grown with under wood, and continues during foui.
hours through a forest, and through the pass
.Kadir
Derbend, to Aidos (31 milts), 'and thence 27' mile; fur-
ther again throrigh a fOrest to Fakih; where the traveller
dray be said to have left the mountains in the rear.—,
Aidos is situated on the southern declivity of Mount
Mangelle, which is separated from Mount Httuus by a
deep valley. At all these' pikes telip of horses may
be had, until you arrive at Kirkilisse, from whence you
are obliged to go-the last 90 miles to Constantinople
with the same horses. This last stage generally re-
quires three, aometimes four days. The places you stop
at for the night ire either Karisteran and 13ivadus, or
BusgasrTschorlu, and Bivados. From Silivri the road
runs along the shore, through Bivados, Bujuk-Tschek-
rnedsche, or Great Bridge (so called on account of a
bridge built over the KorAt, begun by Solyman
and finished by Selirn II.) and KutschukTschekmedsche,
or Little Bridge,.all the way to the capital. The last
nine or ten miles of the road is paved. The %%hole of
• theroad fromltustschuck to Constantinople is somewhat
about to 230 miles ; from Parawadi, where the Balkan
Mountains may be said to commence, 176 miles.; and
from Fakih, where the Balkan Mountains may be said
to have been passed, 120 miles.
- In a military point of view, there are two principal
roads, 'leading almost parallel to each other, from the
Danube below Rustschuck to Constantinople. Of these
the one further to the east is the better and the more
frequented, which is probably the reason why the Rus-
sians have, in the present war, made choice of it for
their line of operations, The roads from Hirsowa, Bral.
low, Isaczi, and Ismail fun into it; after which it passes
by Trajan's Wall, and through Basardschick to Par a-
wadi, where it joins the main road from Rustschuck,
described above. There are two other roads still fur-
ther eastward; one cf them so bad as scarcely to be
passable, runs almost the whole of the way to Constan-
tinople, along the sea shore; the other runvin the mid-
dle, as it were, of the other two, and terminates at
Varna. It would be likely to prove useful to an in-
vading army, for the march of light columns. From
Kirkilisse a bye road leads to Constantinople, over the

Strandschea Mountains, a branch of the Balkan, and
firming, together with the latter, the skeleton of the
'fbracian peninsula. Basardschick is situated on the

banks of the Taban, a tributary of the Danube, in a
marshy plain, 96 miles from the Black Sea ; it contains
about 6,000 inhabitants:- Kirkilisse contains between
7,000 and 8,000, and is situated in a highly cultivated
country.
The second main road consists of three branches,
leading from Rustschuck, Turtnkay, and Silistria ; the
two first unite at Rasgard, and that from Silistria joins
the others at Shumla. This place is situated on the de-
clivity of a rocky Mountain, at the foot of the Balkan.
During the wars between Russia and the Porte, Shumla
was usually the place of rendezvous of the Turkish
army,ipnd consequently often the scene of sanguinary
encounters.
From Sharpie the road passes over the mountains,
through Smedova, Tschalikavak, Dobrol, Karnabat,
Aftan, j'apaskju,'Bujukderbensl, A kbunar, and Adria-
nople, or 'Edrene. There is another bye-road from
Rustschuck, through Osman Bazar uud Kasim to Kai.-
oabat. In Araba-Burgas, the mien road descending
from Kirkilisse unites with the one just mentioned, the,
distance between Edrene and Aruba-Burgas being about
forty-five miles. But it must be remembered, that the
distances here given may frequently not•be exactly cor-
rect, for it can scarcely be probable, as it would ap-
pear from the above statement, that there can be a dif-
ference of sitiy-eight miles in the length of the two
main roads. It is however certain, that the road by
Adrianople which, after crossing the mountains, runs
along the valley of the Maritza. is not oaly longer, but
decidedly worse than that through Kirkilisse. The
Austrian road, which passes through Nissa and Sophia,
joins that from Rustschuck at Adrianople, but is also
so very bad that the Austrian couriers usually prefer
going round by Rustichuck and Bucharest.
Adrianople, Andrinople, or Edrene, is, next to Con-
stantinople, the largest city in European Turkey. It
contains about 100,000 inhabitants, his a wall and a
ditch round if, 'Aimed to a fdrtile Plains sarrocided by'

[PRICE SEVENPiNCE.

meadows, at the confluence of the Tundscha and Arda,
with the Maritza. The city is commanded 6n the wes-
tern side by a square fort; it contains many very eaten-
sive gardens, two bridges over the Maritza, and many
interesting specimens of architecture, among which the
Bazar of Ali Pacha deserves particular mention. The
trade carried on here is considerable, serving as a kind
of intermediate point between the east and the west.
The above-mentioned main roads are again united by
many cross roads, of which the principal is one leading
to Varna ; of less importance ate those from Karnabat
to Aidos and Fakih, from Mill to Adrianople, from
Adrianople to Kirkilisse.
The northern districts of European Turkey, inhabited
more by Bulgarians than by Turks, are much better
cultivated, contain a greater number of villages, and
are, consequently, more fertile than those nearer Con-
stantinople, where the Turkish part of the population is
more numerous, but where the soil consists generally
either of sand or clay, and where siz pair of horses are
frequ'ently required for one plough. In addition to this,
the Turks are indolent, and averse toigriculture. From
Araba-Burgas till within a short distance of the capital,
there is mot% land tying waste than in cultivation, so
that the eye ur hurt by an absence of vegetation, pecan
Flatly striking to one accustomed to the highly cultivated
landscapes of civilized Europe.

STATE PAPER.

TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES Or AIIIRICA AND
THE HANS TOWNS.
The following are the principal articles of this Treaty
lately concluded at Washington:
Article I.—The Contracting Parties agree, that what-
ever kind of produce, manufacture, or merchandise of
any foreign country, can be, from time to time, law-
fully imported into the United States, in their own ves-
sels, may be also imported in vessels of the said free
Hanseatic Republics of Hamburgh, Lubeck, 'and Bre-
men, and that no higher or other duties upon the ton-
nage or cargo of the vessel shall be levied or collected,
whether the importation be made in • vesseli rf the
United States, or of either of the said Hanseatic Repub-
lics. And, in like manner, that whatever kind of pro-
'duce, manufacture, ow merchandise of any foreign
country can be, from time to time, lawfully imported
into either of the said Hanseatic Republics, in its own
Lvessels, may be also imported in vessels of the Unite
States: and that no higher or other duties upon the
tonnage or cargo of the vessel shall be levied or col-
lected, whether the importation be made in vessels of
the one party or of the other. And they further agree,
kbat whatever may be lawfully exported or re-exported
by one party in its own vessels, to any foreign country,
vnay in like marner be exported or re-exported in the
vessels of the other party. And the same bounties,
duties, and drawbacks shall be allowed and collected,
whether such exportation pr re-exportation be made in
vessels of the one party or of the other. Nor shall
higher or othei cbarges of any kind be imposed in the
ports of the one party on vessels of the other, than are
or shall be payable in the same ports by national vessels.
higher or ether duties shall be imposed in
the importation into the United Stites of any at tiee, the
produce or manufacture of the free Hanseatic Republics
of Hamburgh, Lubeck, and Bremen, and no higher or
other duties shall be imposed on the importation into
either of the said Republics of any article, the produce
or manufacture of United States, than are or shall
be payable on the like article being the produce or ma-
nufacture of any other foreign country; nor shall any
other or higher duties or charges be imposed by either
Party on the exportation of any articles to the United
States or to the free Hanseatic Republics of Hambnrgh,
Lubeck, or Bremen, respectively, than such as are or
'shall be payable on the exportation of the like articles
to any other foreign country nor shall any prohibition
be imps:lied on the' importation or exportation of any
article, the produce or manufacture of the United
States or of the free Hanseatic Republics of Ham-
burgh, Lubeck, or Bremen, to or from the ports of
the United States, or to or from the ports of the other
Party,which shall not equally extend to all other oatmor.
priority or preference shall be given, 6-
rectly or indirectly, by any or either of the Contracting
Parties, nor by any Company, Corporation, or Agent
acting on their behalf, or under their authority, in the
purchase of any article, the growth, produce, or
manufacture of their States, respectively, imported into
the other, on account of or in reference to the character
of the vessel, whether it be of the one Patty or of the
other, in which such article was imported, it being the
true intent and meaning of the Contracting Parties, that
no distinction or difference -whatever shall be made in
this respect.
IV.—ln consideration of the limited extent of the
territories of the Republics of Hamburgh, Lubeck, and
Bremen, and of the intimate connection of trade and
navigation subsisting between these Republics, it is •
hereby stipulated and agreed, that any vessel which
shall be owned exclusively by a citizen or citizens of
any or either of them, and of which the master shall
also be a citizen of any or either of them, and provided
three-fourths of the crew shall be citizens or subjects of
any or either of the said Republics, or of any or either
of the States of the Confederation fit ,Germany, such •
vessel, so owned and navigated, shall, for all the por-
poses of this Convention, be taken to be and considered
as a vessel belonging to Hamburgh, Lubeck, or Bremen.
V.—Any vessel, together with her cargo, belonging
to either of the free Hanseatic Republics of Hamburgh,
Lubeck, or Bremen, and coming from either of the
said ports to the United States, shall, for all the par.
poses of this Convention, be deemed to have cleared
from the Republic to which such vessel belongs; al-
though, in fact, it may not have been the one from
which she departed; and any vessel of the United States
to the ports of Hamburgh, Lu-
en,directlyy or in succession, shall, for
and her
or cargoßrem trading
the like purposes, be on the footing of a Uanseatic ves-
sel and her cargo, making the same voyage.
is likewise agreed, that it shall be wholly free
for all merchants, commanders of ships, and other citi-
zens of both parties, to manage themselves, their own
business, in all the ports and places, subject to the juris-
diction ofeach other,as well with respect to consignment
and sale of their goods and merchandize, by wholesale
or retail, as with respect to the loading, unloading, and
sending off their ships; submitting .themselves to the
laws, decrees and usages there established, to which na-
tive citizens are subjected, they being in all these cases
to be treated as citizens of the republic in which they

resides or at least tt, he ,placed 'on a footing with the
citizens or uhjectx of the most fay tired nation—
Ill.—The citizens of each of *the contracting par-,
ties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods,
within the jurisdiction of the .other, by sale, donation,
testament, or otherwise, and their representatives bein
citizens of the other party, shall succeed to tl eir said
personal goods, whether by testament or ab intestato,
and they may take possession thereof, either by them
selves, or other acting for them, anddispose of the same
at their will, paying such dues only as t ,e inhabitants,
of the country, wherein said goods are, shall be subject
to pay in,like cases a and if, in the case or real estate,
the said heirs *ould be prevented tioin entering into
tie possession of tlic inheritance, on account of t
chaiacter of aliens, there shall be granted to them the
term r f three yeirs, to dispose of the sante as-they may
thick proper, wed to withdraw Jhe proceeds without
ninlestAtion, an 4 exempt from all duties or detraction on
the part of the Gore: nment of the respective States.
VIII.--Both the contracting patties prothise and en.
'gage formally to give their special protection to the
• person: and property of the citizens of each other, oh
all occupation-, wco may be in the territories subject
the jurisdiction of' the one or the other, transient or
'dwelling. therein, leaving open . ana tree to them the
tribunals of /justice for their judicial recoMse, On the
,same terttis which are usual and custtimary with the
. natives or citizens Of the country in which they may
be, for which they may employ in defence of their rights
such advocates, solicitors, notaries, agents and factors,
as they May judge proper, in all their trials at law, and
-ouch Citizens or Agents shall have as free opportunity
ws Dative Citizens, to be present at the decisibits and
sentences of the tribunals, in all cases which may con-
certi them; and likewise at the taking of all ekatuina-
tarns and evidence which may be exhibited in the said
tto
IL—The coat acting parties desiring to live in peace
add harmony with all the other nations of the earth, by
means of a policy frank and equally friendly with all,
engage mutually not to grant any particular favour to
at 'er nations in respect of Commerce and Navigation,
thich shall nwt immediately become common to the
Other party, who shall enjaty the same freely, if the
concession was freely made, or on allowing the same
compensation, if the coutesstoo was conditional.
-..—Toe present Convention shall be in force for the
term of melee years, &c. &c. &c.
.Done in Quadruplicates, at the City of Washington,
On the 20th day of December) in the year of out Lord,
HO. in the fitty4econd year of the Indepandeace of
tile United States of America
• (Sitng4l) (1.8.) •11. CLAY.
(LS) V. RUMJff.

:THE EVENING STAR.

LONDON.

WEDNESDAY.. JULY SO,. 111211.

STOCK RXCHANGK, TWELVE O'CLOCK.

—- . -
dtmois opened this morning at 88j to 87, soon after were buyers-
.
at 87l but they receded again to 86; to 87, at which price
_they
100, remain steady, with little or nu business doing.
Up to the present hour we are exceedingly dull in the City for
want of information; at there are no arrivals. . . .
In the Foreign market nothing is doing. and they are bun in
milting up their accounts *gang to morrow.tithich is settling day.
CITY. HALF-PAST ONIC O'CLOCIL.
The Coosa market has remiltied very steady during the morning
at 87, alternately buyers and 'tellers. *aitd at which price they may
be quoted at present, without any speculation of importance.
Private letters from Paris state. that the Loaa will take place
dada* nest month. but it is not known as yet whether it will be
made In three per cents. or fOur and a half per cants.
PRICK OF STOCKS AT TWO• O'CLOCK.
Bank Stock 113 India Bonds lii It • •
3 per Cent. Red. 571 1 f 1 South Sea Stock
. per Ct. Cons. ST fi Old Annuities
3. per Cent. 96 New Ditto
lig per Cent. Ited. 951 ; £luoo Kuck* BID. 71 3
4 per Ct. New.lol 1 1 £3OO Ditto 72 3
4 per Cent. is 26, 1061 1 1 arms &ad Ahem Ditto 72 3
Lung Ann. 20 19 0.16 Bank fur Acct. Hui
India Stock Consols fur Amt. 57 61 7
FOREIGN FUNDS. Tiff() trel.ocK
Bristliest/la. ipet. 621 1 . •r Peru,. Bds. 6p C. 24. 31
Ilpeisso Ayres lida.sp C. I Porteg.eda.3pC.
DlU.Agic at - ' Dn. Ace. 541 /
D4MIUh (Wu 3 pet. 611 2 Ituas./1du11122.5 per Ct. 941
liett.lida,i2?..s,6w Ct. 391 I Spanish lida.sp Ct. 101 1
11111±1§11. AND kUILKIGN SHA RKS, TWO O'CLUCh.
. - .
•
sulks. FA Ilb -
A4O MeIIICIPI ' . 100 " 93
DOM". 300 190
Brazilian '35 20
Sdng Company of Ireland 25 4
pszahtia 4010 320
40 ' .8

271

245

73 74

40 30
110 ►9