Star.
London, England, 1811-10-03 00:00:00

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'PROM THE COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER OF AUG. 29.
ANOTHER E16f3.1R00.-Our Readers will perceive,
by the following paragraph from the Aurora, that
another embargo 4; in contemplation :—We know of
no authority the President has. either by the Consti-
tution or by statute, to lay an embargo ; unless, in-
deed, there may be some secret law on the subject,
which like the laws relative to Flinida, are unfit for
the public eye:
" By a letter from the seat of Governments we
, learn that it *as expected that a proclamation, laying
an embargo on all vessels in the ports and harbours of
:the United States, would be issued by the Preside t,
in consequence of advices received by the late dis-
patches frOm the American Charge des Affaires in
London."

AMER/CA.

NEW YORK, AUGUST ‘-:7.

The city of New York is at once the most vulner-
able any valuable part of the United States, and will
be a particular object of at; ck. Our general Govero
ment, aware or this, have given more than a propor-
tionate share of their att• ntion to the fortifications
which are now fist completing. But much remains
to he done by our oWn citizens, as well our State
Government, in order to meet an actual attack on
this City.
DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.
fav- rue PEOPLE OF VENEZUELA.
The Supreme Congress of Venezuela, in its Legis-
lative Session for the province of Carraccas, taking
into 'consideration that to the neglect and. disregard
of the Rights of Man, which have hitherto prevailed,
must be ascribed all those evils which this people have
endured for three centuries past ; and actuated by the
-desire of re-establishing those sacred principles on a
itolid basis, has resolved, in obedience to the gene•
:al will, to declare, and doth now solemnly declare, in
the presence of the universe, these rights inalienable ;
to the end. that every Citizen may at all times tom,
• pare the, acts of the Government with the purposes of
the social Institutions ; that the Magistrate may
never lose sight of the rules by which his conduct must
be regulated ; and that the Legislator may in no case
mistake the objects of the trust committed to him.
SOVEREIGNTY OF TTIP, FEM.&
ART. 1. The Sovereignty resides in the people and
the exercise of it in the Citizens, by the • medium of
the right of stiffolge, and through the agency of thc:r
Representatives legally constituted.
2. Sovereigtity is by its essence and nature impre-
scriptibleo unalienable, and indivisible.
S. A portion only of the Citizens, even with the
right of suffrage, cannot exercise the sovereignty ;
every individual ought to participate: by his vote in
• the f rm Ath al of the body which is to represent the so-
vereign authority • because all have a right to expr-As
their will with full and entire liberty. This principle
alone can render the Constitution or their Govern-
Went legitimate and just.
4. Any individual, corporate body, or city, which'
attempts. to usurp the sovereignty, incurs the crime of
treason against the people.
5. The Public Functionaries shallshold their offices
for a definite period of time, and the investiture with
a public function shall not attach any other impor•
tance or influence 'hag what they acquire in •the
opinion of their Fellow Citizens, by the virtues they
play exercise whilst occupied in the service of the
Republic. -
6. Crimes committed by the Representatives and
Agents of the Republic shall-not he passed over with
impunity ; because no individual has a right to be-
come more inviolable than another.
The law shall be equal for all, to punish crimes,
and to reward virtues, without distinction of birth or
hereditary pretensions.

RIGHTS OF MAN IN SOCIETY.
AnT. 1. The purpose of Society is the common
happiness of the people, and Government is instituted
to secure it.
2. The felicity of the people consists in the enjoy-
ment of lib rty, security, property, and equality of
rights, in the presence of the law.
3. The law is formed by the free and solemn ex-
pression of the general will, declared by Agents whom
the people elect to represent their will.
4' The right to declare their thoughts and Opinions,
through the medium of the press, is imrestrained and
free, under responsibility to the law for any violation
of the public tranquillity, the religious opinions, pro-
perty, and honour, of the Citizen.
• B. The object of the law is to regulate the manner
in which the Citizens ought to act upon occasions,
when reason requires that they should conduct them-
selves not merely by their individual judgment and
will, but by a common rule.
6. When a Citizen submits his actions to a law
which his judgment does not approve, he does not
surrender his right nor his reason, but obeys the law
because he shoulel not be influenced by his own pri-
vate judgment against the general will to which he
emght to conform. Thus the law does not exact the
sacrifice rf reafon ner the liberty of those who do
lot approve it, because it never makes an attempt
upon liberty, unless When the latter violates 'social
order, or swerves from•those principles which deter-
mine that all shall be governed by one common rule
or law.
7. Every Citizen cannot luld an evnal power in
the formation of the law, because all do not equally
sontribute to the preservation of the State, to the se-
ourity and tranquillity of society.
8. The Citizens shall be ranged in two classes ; the
one with the right of suffrage, the other without it.
9. Thos? possessing the right of suffrage, arc such
as arc established in the territory of Venezuela, of
whatever nation they may be, and, tliey alone consti-
tute sovereignty.
10. Those not entitled to the right of suffrage are•
inch as have no certain place of residence—those
without property, which is the support of society.—
This class, nevertheless, enjoy the benefit of the law,
and its l rcieetion, in as full a measure as the other,
but without participating in the right of suffrage.
11. No individual can be accused, arrested, or con-
fined, unless in cases explicitly pointed out by law.
12. Every act exercised against a Citizen, with;
out the formalities of the law, is arbitrary and tyran-
nical:
, 13. Any Magistrate who decrees dr causes an ar-
bitrary act to be executed, shall be punished with the
severity the la* prescribes.
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