Star.
London, England, 1811-01-02 00:00:00

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lamb, indeed is die
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diffERWA:
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WASHINGTON,'DECEMBER S. ' •
'lke President of be united States thh day eernmenicated, by;,
Mr. ED W. COL ga, hii Private Secretary, the following Message
to Congress:
fr. Fellow Citizens of the Salami And of the Howe ofl
Repwerstetiver,
The embarrassments which have prevailed in our
Toreign relation's,' and so much employed the •delibe-
tations of Congress, make it a primary duty, in
;meeting you, to communicate whatever may have
occurred in that branch of our national affairs.
The act of the last session of Congress, " concern-
' 'lng the commercial intercourse between the United
States and Great Britain and France and their de-
pendencies," having invited, in a new form, a termi-
nation of their edicts against our neutral commerce,
Copies of the act were immediately forwarded to our
ministers at London and Paris, with a view that its
object might be within the early attention of the
, French and British governments.
„ By the communication received through our Mini.
roster at Paris, it appeared that a knowledge of the
act by the• French Government was followed by a de-
claration that the Berlin and Milan decrees were re-
voked, and would cease to have effect on thiifirst day
of November ensuing. These being the only known
vdicts of France, within the description of the act,
and the revocation of them being such that they
ceased, at that date, to violate our neutral commerce ;
the fact, as prescribed by-law, was announced by a
,proclamation bearing date the 2d day of November.
It would have well accorded with the conciliator*
~cjews indicated by this proceeding on the part of
France, to have extended them to all the grounds of
,complaint which now remain unadjusted with
the• United Steps. It was particularly anticipAted
that, as a fu4er evidence of just dispositions tot
i wards them, restoration would have been immediatell
made of the property of our citizens seized under iv'
. misapplication of the principle of reprisals, combine 4,
• with a misconstruction of the law of the United Statue,'
From the British. Government no communication'
on the snhject of the act has been received. To a
communication from our Minister at London of the
rzvocation, by the French Government, of its Berlin
and Milan decrees, it was answered that the British
system would be relinquished as soon as the repeal of
the French decrees should have actually taken effect,
and the commerce of Neutral Nations have been re-
storee to the condition in which it stood previously
to the promulgation of those decrees.
This pledge, although it does not necessarily inn
port, dies not exclude the intention of relinquishing,
along with the orders in council, the practice of these
;hovel blockades which have alike effect of interrupt-
a.,
, mg our neutral commerce. And this further justice
to the United States is the rather to be, looked for,
inasmuch as the blockades in question, being not
snore contrary to the established law of mations, than
inconsistent with the rules of blockade formerly re-
cognised ky Great Britain herself, could have no
alledged basis other than the plea of retaliation al.
'edged as the basis of the Orders in Council.,. Under
the modification of the original orders of N#3807,
into the orders of April 1809, there is indeed'gamely
a nominal distinction between the orders and the
blockades. One of those illegitimate blockades,
bearing date in' May, 1806, having been expressly
avowed to be still unrescinded, and to be in effect,
comprehended in the orders in council, was too dis-
tinctly brought within the purview of the act of con-
gress, not to be comprehended in the explanation of
fehe requistes to a compliance with it. The British
Government was accordingly apprized by our Mi-
assiiter near it, that such was the light in which the
*subject was to be regarded. •
In this new posture of our relations with the le
• powers, the consideration of Congress will be properly
turned to a removal of doubts which may occur in
the exposition ; and difficulties in the execution, of the
act above stated.
The commerce of the United States, with the north
of Europe, heretofore much vexed by licentious cruiz-
ers, particularly under Danish flag, has latterly been
visited with fresh and extensive depredations. The
measures pursued in behalf of our injured citizens not-
having ojatainedjustice for them, a further and more
formal interposition with the Danish government is
contemplated. The principles which have been main-
tained by that government in relation to neutral com-
merce, and the friendly p-efessions of his Danish
Majesty towards the United States, are valuable
pledges in favour of a successful issue.
Among the events growing out of the state of the
Spanish Monarchy, our attention was imperiously at-
tracted to the change, developing itself in that portion
of West Florida ; which, though of right appertaining
to the United States, has remained in the possession of
Spain ; awaiting the result of negotiation for its actual
delivery to them. The Spanish Authority was sub-
verted ; and a situation produced, exposing the coun-
try to uitcrior events, which .might essentially affect
the rights and the welfare of the Union. In such a
conjuncture, I did not delay the interposition required
for the occupancy of the territory west of the river
Perdido ; to which the title of the United Stater ex-
tends, and to which the laws provided for the territory
of Orleans ate applicable. With this view the Pro-
clamation, of which a copy is laid before you, was
confided to the Governor of that territory, to be car-
ried into effect. The legality and necessity of the
course pursued assure sue of the favourable light in
which it will present itself to the Legislature ; and of
the promptitude with which they will supply v hat-
ever provisions may
-be due to the essential rights and
equitable interests of the people thus brought into the,
bosom of American family. .
Our amity with the Powers of Barbary, with the
exception of a recent occurrence at Tunis, of which
en explanation is just received, appears to me to have
beep ouintempted, and to have become more firmly
, With the Indian tribes, also, the peace and friend-• 1
ship of the
°United States are found to be so eligible,
. .
that the general kitspositioo to preserve both continues
.
• to, rain strength.
feel particular satisfaction in remarking that an
-interior view of our country presents us with grateful
*proofs of its suhstaßtial and increasing prosperity,—
. To a *riving agi ipulture.. and the improvements re-
latid eta is, is added a highly interesting extension of
..iatefaifssi Oianufactures ; the coothiled product of pm
kfligiN4 flig-TOW/ 4D4 -004 inc tnis,Pp-tr

view, the alangt
than a recompence .
suiting from foreign.
general impulie requl
How far it may be ex, —.tic to guard
this improvement in, the distribution of labour, by re-
gulations of the commercial tarif. is a subject which
cannot fail to suggest itself to your patriotic reflections.
It will rest with the consideration of Congress also,
irlaether a provident as well as fair encouragement,
yould not be given to our navigation, by such regu-
Ilations as will place it on a level of competition with
foreign vessels, particularly in transporting the ima
portant and bulky productions of our own soil. The
failure of equality and .reciprocity in the existing red
gulations on this subject operates, in our ports, as a;
,premium to foreign competitors; and the inconvenia
ence must increase, as these may be multiplied, under
more favourable circumstances, by the more than,
countervailing encouragement now given them, by
the laws of their respective countries.
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Whilst it is universally admitted that a well in-
structed
people alone can be permanently a ft
people ; and whilst it is evident that the means
diffusing and improving useful knowledge form
all a proportion of the expenditures for nationii
purposes, I cannot presume it to be unseasonable to
invite your attention to the advantagds of super.
adding, to the means of education providerby 'the
several states, a seminary of learning
.instituted by
the national legislature, within the limits of their ex-1
elusive jurisdiction ; the expence of which might be
defrayed or reimbursed out of the vacant grounds
which have accrued to the nation within those limits.
Such an institution, though local in its legal cha-
racter, would be universal in its beneficial efects.—
By enlightening the opinions ; by expanding the pa-
triotism; and by assimilating the principles, the sen-
timents, and the manners of those who might resort'
to the temple of sciences, to be re-distributed, in due'
time, through every part of the community ; sources
of jealousy and prejudice would be diminished, the
features of national character would be multiplied,
and greater extent given to social harmony.
But above all a well constituted seminary, in the
centre of the nation, is recommended by the consider-
ation, that the additional instruction emanating from
it, would contribute not less to strengthen the foun-
dation, than to adorn the structure of our free and
happy system of Government.
Among the commercial abuses still committed un-
der the American flag, and leaving in force my for-
mer references to that subject, it appears that Ame-i
rican citizens are instrumental in carrying on a traffic
in enslaved Africans, equally in violating the laws ofl
humanity, and in defiance of those of their own coun-
try. The same just and benevolent motives which
produced the interdiction in force against this crimi.
nal conduct, will doubtless be felt by Congress, in
devising further means of suppressing the evil.
In the midst of uncertainties, necessarily connected
with the great interests of the United States, pru-
dence requires a continuance of our defensive and
precautionary arrangements. The Secretary of War
and Secretary of the Navy, will submit the state-
ments and estimates which may aid Congress, in their
ensuing provisions for the land and naval forces.—
The statements of the latter will include a view of the
transfers of appropriations in the naval expenditures,
and the grounds on which they were made.
The fortifications for the defence of our maritime
frontier, have been prosecuted according to the plan
laid down in 1808. The works, with some excep-
tions, are completed, and furnished with ordnance.
Those for the security of New York, though far ad-
vanced towards completion, will require a further
time and approariation. This is the case with a few
others, either not completed, or in need of repairs.
The improvements, in quality and quantity, made
in the manufactory of cannon ; and of small arms,
both at the public armories and private factories, war-
rant additional confidence in the competency of these
resources, to supply the public exigences.
These preparations for arming the militia, having
thus far provided for one of the objects contemplated
by the power vested in Congress, with respect to that
great bulwark of the public safety : it is for their con-
sideration, whether further provisions are not requisite
for other contemplated objects of organization and
discipline. To give to this great mass of physical
and moral force the efficiency which it merits and is
capable of receiving, it is indispensible that they
should be instructed and practised in the rnles by
which they are to be governed. Towards an accom-
plishment of this important work, I recommend for
the consideration of Congress the expediency of insti-
tuting a system which shall, in the first instance, call
into the field, at the public expence and for a given
time, certain portions of the commissioned and non-
commissioned officers. The instruction and discipline
thus acquired would gradually diffuse through the
entire body of the militia that practical knowledge and
prpmptitude for actual service, which are the great
ends to be pursued. Experience has left no doubt,
either of the necessity, or of the efficacy of competent
military skill, in those portions of the army, in fitting
it for the final duties which it may have to perform.
The corps of engineers, with the military academy,
are entitled to the early attention of Congress. The
buildings at the seat, fiat by law for the present aca-
demy, are not so far in decay as not to afford the ne-
cessary accommodation. But a revision of the law is
recommended principally with a view to a more en-
larged cultivation and diffusion of the advantages of
such institutions, by providing Professorships for all
the necessary branches of military instruction. and by
theestablishmentofan additional academy at the seat of
Government or elsewhere. The means by which wail
as well as defence, as for offence, are now carried on,
render these schools of the most scientific operations
an indispensible' part of every adequate system. Even
arkong nations whose large standing armies and fre-
cpiPht wars afford every other opportunity of instruc-
tion, these establishments, are found to be indispen-
sible, for the due attainment pf the branches of mi-
litary science, which require a regular course of
study and experiment. In a Government, happily
without the other opportunities, seminaries where
the Elementary .pyinciple s of war can be taught with-
'pot actual war, and, without the expense of extensive
Pod gantliAgormies,lseve Oa precious advantage
efiuu4ng PD Frf POO PFT474Oge Fr.:144 e*FFII4

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strupulotts regard to internal safety.
probably, can a provision, of equal
public defence, be made at so little es- CONSERVATIVE SENATr
consistently with the public liberty. sting° OP THE 10TII DECEMBER, If 10.
Ito the 'f reasuryiduring the year end- The sitting commenced at three in the afternoen;
the Prince Arch-Chancellor of the Empire pie/sided.
of September last (and amounting to
millions and a half of dollars) have Their Excellencies the Duke of Cadore, M,nistet
current expences of the government, in- fir Foreign Affairs, and Counu St. Jean d'Angley,
and CafFarelli, Ministers of State, were introdteet,
eluding the interest of the public debt. For the pur-
pose of reimbursing.at the end of the year 3,750,000 i The Prince Arch Chancellor read the following
dollars ;of the principal, a loan, as authorised by law, message
had been negotiated to that amount ; but has since i stesseoz or HIS IMPERIAL AND ROYAL. MAJESTY.
'been reduced to 2,750,000 dollars: the reduction being. I et Seseeons—l have ordered my Minister for Fo.
:permitted by the state of the Treasury ;in which there reign Affairs to communicate to you the several cir.
will be a balance, remaining at the end of the year, cumstances which Occasion the junction of Holland
estimated at 2,000,000 of dollars. For the probable with the Empire.
receipt of the next year, and other details, I refer to e The orders published by the tritish Council in
statements which will be transmitted from the Trea- 1806 and 1807 have rent in pieces the public law f
sury ; and which will enable you to judge what fur- Europe. A new order of things governs the
ther provisions may be necessary for the ensuing year. New securities becoming necessary to me, the kirk:.
Reserving to future occasions, in the course of the tion of the mouths of the Scheldt, of the Meuee Ole
swim* whatever other communications may claim Rhine, the Ems, the Weser, and the L'h-, w:th t!),.
your attention, I close the present by exeressing'my empire,tlie establishment of an inland naviv [ion with
relianci; *del- the blessing of Divine Providence, on the Baltic, have appeared to me to be the first and
the judgment and patriotism which_ will guide your most important.
measures; at a period particularly calling for united " I have ordered the plan of a Canal to be prc.
pared, which will be executed in the course of five
Councils, and inflexible exertions, for the welfare of
our country, and by assuring yotrof the fidelity and years, and will connect the Seine with the B 'hie.
alacrity with which my co.operation will be afforded. tt Those Princes will be indemnified who may find
(Signed) JAMES MADISON. themselves circumscribed by this great measure, which
; is become absolutely necessary, and which will rest the
right of frontiers • the Baltic.

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' * TRI Arco PAPSAL

_ . my tn.„ upon .
" Before I came to this determiaation, I apprized
England of it. She was acquainted that the only
means for preserving the independence of Holland
was to retract her Orders in Council of 1806 and 1807,
or to return at last to pacific sentiments. But this
Power was deaf to the voice of her interests, as well
as to the cries of Europe.
" I was in hopes of being able to establish a cartel
for the exchange at prisoners of war between France
and England, and to avail myself, in consequence of
the residence of two Commissioners at Paris and Lon.
don, to bring about an approximation between the
two countries. I have been disappointed in my ex-
pectations. I could find nothing in the mode in which
the English Government negotiated but craft and
deceit.
" The junction of the Valais is an effect bag in-
tended of the immense works v'nich I have bad rt.,-
formed in the Alps within the last ten years. At the
time of my Act of Mediation, I separated the Valais
from.the Helvetic League, foreseeing then a measure
of such advantage to France and Italy.
" So long as the war continues with England, the
.French people must not lay down their arms.
"My finances are in the most flourishing state. I
can meet all the expences which this immense empire
requires, without calling upon my people for fresh
sacrifices. (Signed) " Na.routotc.
" By order of the Emperor,
H. B. DUKE ofßaseatio."
ar Mice of the Thullierles, Dee. 10, 1510.
After the Message was read, hi. Excellency the '
Duke of Cadore, Minister for Foreign Affairs, laid
the following Report before the Sitting :
REPORT OF THE MINISTER FOR FOREIGN Amnia Tlis Irts
MAJESTY THE EMPEROR AND KING.
" Sine—Your Majesty has exalted France to the
highest pitch of greatness. The victories obtained
over five successive coalitions, all promoted by Eng-
land, have produced these consequences; and it may
be said, that we are indebted to England for the glory
and power of the Great Empire.

"At every opportunity yciur Majesty made offers
of peace, and without considering whether it would
be more advantageous than war ; you looked, Sit,
only to the happiness of the present generation, and
you always sheaved yourself ready to sacrifice to it the
most flattering prospects of the future.
"It wasin this spirit that the peace of Campo P.r.
mio, of Luneville, and of Amiens, and subsequently
of Presburgh, of Tilsit, and of Vienna were conch'.
ded ; it was in this spirit that your Majesty has fit:
times sacrificed to peace the greater part of your con-
quests. More anxious to adorn your reign by the
public happiness, than to extend the frontiers of your
empire, your Majesty set bounds to your greliness ;
while England, keeping the torch of war continually
alive, seemed to conspire against her allies as well as
herself to create the greatest empire that has etise.3cl
for twenty centuries.
" At the peace of 1783; the power of France res.
strong in the Family Compact, which clostly bound
Spain and Naples with her political system.
" At the peace of Amiens, the respective strength
of the three great powers was increased by the addi.,
tion of twelve millions of Polish inhabitants, The
Houses of France and Spain were essentially hostile
to each other, and the people of the two countries were
removed farther than ever from each by the diffvl
rents of their manners. One s.f the great Continental.
Powers had her strength less diminished by the jun:.
tion of Belgium with France, than it was increased by
the acquisition of Venice ; the secular izations also ot
the Germanic body added more to the power of our
rivals.
Thus, at the conclusion of the Treaty of Amiens,
the relative force of France was less than at the peace
of 1783, and much inferior to that to which the e'c•
tones obtained during the wars of the two first c.
times gave her a right to expect.
• 44 This treaty, however, was scarcely concl.:c'.'d,
when the jealousy of England displayed itselfstroiltiy..;
She took the alarm at the contiaaal increasing pros-
perity and riches of the interior of I:rance ; and she
hoped that a third coalition would wrest Belgium, the
provinces of the Rhine, and Italy, from your Crown.
The peace of Amiens was broken ; a third coalition
was formed ; three months after, it was dissolved by
the treaty of Presbuth.
England saw all her hopes blasted ; Venice, Da:-
matia, Istria, the whole of the Ad-rare
that of the kingdom of. Naples, fell into the pow::: of
Fiance. The Germanic body, established upon p: in.
ciples contrary to those upon which ti:e Frenci
pire was founded, dropped to pieces; ail,: the s) tern
of the confederation of the Rhine traiist,-ineo int.)
close and necessary allies the skrne nations, ' iii. in tht
first coalitions marched against France, and unite
them indissolubly to herself by their conimon in-
terest s.
" The peace of Amiens then became in F. glans
the object of the regret at every Statesman. The
-eisitions by frame which there were no pes

_experience of econow, as well al' dagger, with ase
e substitutes for supplies heretofore. In no other way,
t commerce, that, in a national efficacy for the pt
usdy regarded as of itself more pence, or more cc
for those privations and losses re- feiThe receipts it'll
gn, injustice, which furnished the mg on the 30th o
quired for its accomplishment.— more than eight
expedient to guard the infancy of exceeded the curr