The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-09-20 00:00:00

--which I

suffered rauchh;

...uopted the most judicious
Medicine for the cure:of diarrhoea was eivP"

freely at the Exeter Dispensary to every one who appli,
for it either by day or night ; and the good effects were
apparent in the striking fact, that not one death from
cholera occurred in Exeter, at the time when the deaths
in London were more than 4,000 weekly. The exper.
were met by yobmt,

'V contributions, and so readily w

the appeal for aid responded to, that there was a s,
the Diarrhoea Fund of more than £4OO. If similar

cautions were t

;ht prove as e

awful consequences

woulu not only tt

g other nr.

Lg our population
sitation. The nece

time, be obvious

at the s

washing

strictly enforced; am

formed, we
less dread.

entilation, abluti

LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS.-
ranted Sir William Snow Harr

I, mode of applying lightnin
Journal of Society of Arts

CRIMES FO

by the list of subs
the exertic

storation of

have been hig

he comma
Pimoo
i4l

dially respc

lily success:

St. Pet
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and the amount
The whole sum required will De al
enable the committee to
perfection, with all the l
amount be raised within

applied tc

THE MERRY HARI

)WARD

STERS

golden grain,

god ,bless ye, merry harvesters, down with the
3 love to hear your sickle strokes enlivening the plain;
And love to see those happy smiles which brighten up your

Gleam through those briny drops of sweat, and give

cheeks a grace,

Iloveto see your waving fields, like undulating seas,
And green blades flutter in the wind, like pennants in the

33utinore I love your monuments, reared by the hand of toil,
'Those yellow sheaves and golden stacks which crown the

generous soil.

Ye sing of other harvesters, who mow down fields of men,
Who widows make, and orphans too, then deify the slain;
Mut tell me, are those crimson piles, heaped up in bloody strife,
Deserving more the song of praise than bread, thestaff of life?

Ung may ye live, and healthfully, to quaff the cup of peace,
Andmay your flocks and little ones, and lowing herds increase.
And oh! may He who giveth bread send plenty to your door,
Enough to spread the rich man's board and satisfy the poor.

Cod bless ye, merry harvesters, let every Briton sing,
"Till with the sound the hills awake, and lowly valleys ring ;
nicath cott age, h all, and temple-roof prolon g thejoyous strain,
*od bless ye, merry harvesters, again, again, again.

God bless ye, merry harvesters, who plough the fallow sod,
'Who sow the seed, and harrow it, then leave the rest to God,—
To Him who sendeth sun and rain, and seed and harvest-

God speed ye all, ye sturdy sons of England's happ'

And ye who own the fruitful soil, as Boaz did of old,
Pray don't forget those helping hands that store your purse
with gold ; _ _ _ . .

But when young Ruth the gleaner comes, go bid your honest
men

Drop here and there, and liberally, an ear of precious grain

clod help ye all, ye harvesters, and when that day shall come
When those who sow and reap in tears shall shout the harvest

May ye among those ripened shocks be found of which we

And find ',Ourselves safe lodged in Heaven as precious

garnered seed

REVIEWS OF BOOKS,

Lives of the Queens of Scotland. Vol. IV. By
Agnes Strickland, author of " Lives of the
Queens of England." Edinburgh and London :

William Blackwood and Sons. -
The fourth volume of this charming series, like
its predecessor, is devoted to the life of Mary
Stuart, more generally and familiarly known *s
" Mary Queen of Scots." The evil fortunes which
beset this unhappy Princess, from the moment of
her birth, in Linlithgow Palace, and ceased only
with her tragical and cruel death in the castle of
Fotheringay, have long formed subjects for the
poet and the novelist ; while, during her life, they
were not less prolific as themes for the leaders of
faction. This volume opens with a description of
Mary as she demeaned herself among the Scottish
nobles, on her return as a widowed Queen from
France, and closes shortly before the villanous
assassination of her second husband, Henry Lord
Darnley. The authoress, with true woman's sym-
pathy, scrutinizes the various circumstances which
gave so melancholy an interest to the history of
the Royal beauty ; and with a not less true woman's
tact, presents them in a light most favourable to
the character of her heroine. The bright and
amiable traits which were, as is admitted on all
hands, such conspicuous elements in the personal
qualities of Queen Mary, are dwelt on and dis-
played with all a woman's eloquence of pleading.
That deep crimes and fatal errors stained the name
and blighted the fortunes of Mary Stuart, it is
scarcely in the power of even a partial historian to
disprove; but in glancing at them, Miss Strickland
shows both taste and tact in backing them up by
"extenuating circumstances." Her youth, her
beauty, her talents, and her generous disposition,
are all brought admirably into play in favour of
Queen Mary, and, contrasted with the sullen
moroseness, selfishness, and treachery of those by
whom she was surrounded and held more like a
prisoner at large than treated as an independent
sovereign. As the advocate of Mary Stuart, so
far as the work has yet proceeded, Miss Strick-
land has made out her case most successfully and
cleverly : and it is pleasing to add, that the defence
is so strongly tinctured with the milk of human
kindness, as to lead to a warm regard for the
talented and skilful advocate who pleads before us.
Listen to the eloquent defender of Mary as she
pictures the latter's cunning adversary in his
intrigues against his sovereign's peace :

Tini 8A.8.L OP mone:s
THE QUEEN

ILLEGITIMATE 'MOTHER TO

No sense of national or family honour led the base son
of James V. to object to the lineage of the cadet grandson
of Dudley the extortioner, as unmeet to disparage the
royal stream of Stuart, by mingling with that of the
representative of a hundred kings. No tender care for
the life of his sister and benefactress impelled him to
shrink from joining the confederacy for consigning her to-
the arms of a man " infamed by the death of his first
wife." Belike the wife-killing reputation of the Lord
Robert was the reason he was chosen for the husband of
Mary Stuart. Neither moral delicacy nor religious
scruples inspired a doubt as to the propriety of allowing
so profligate a man as the minion of Elizabeth to be
united to the Sovereign of a reformed realm; it was
sufficient for the Earl of Moray that he was the man
whom the Queen of England delighted to honour. But
although he consented to the arrangement, he had not
sufficient temerity to undertake to communicate it to
Mary, much less to recommend it to her.

Of the unscrupulous cunning, the heartless
hypocrisy, and the ruthless tyranny of Moray, in
his dealings between Mary and her factious sub-
jects, there unfortunately exist too many and too
convincing evidences to admit of their denial ; and
Of these evidences Miss Strickland makes no
Stinted use. The unbending austerity of the
reformers, headed by the redoubtable John Knox,
forms also a striking foil to the easy and graceful
bearing and polished manners of the youthful
sovereign; the picture being artistically balanced
to produce a striking contrast and a strong effect.
On the one hand we have the gruff earnestness
and homely, even rude eloquence of men struggling
for religious truth, and liberty of conscience; on
the other the fascinations of female loveliness,
often in tears, the winning blandishments of an
elegant court, and the soft glozing of an affected
moderation brought skilfully into contrast. As
an interesting biographer Miss Strickland has long
been favourably known, and the present work,
when completed, must add largely to her fame in
that branch of literature, She writes with a
strong and hearty bias. Her scenes are well
chosen, and they are arranged with a fine eye to
dramatic effect. Her pleading is earnest, eloquent,
persuasive ; she never misses a point, and before
any jury of her countrymen would, in all likeli-
hood, carry her client off triumphantly, or at the
very worst she would remain certain of a finding
of " not proven," however heinous the offence or
clear the evidence.

The chequered, hazardous, and stormy politics
of the Scottish Court, at the period referred to,
are graphically delineated. The touches of indi-
vidual character are introduced and elaborated in a
pleasing and convincing manner; and in point of
fact, like a clever and industrious authoress, Miss
Strickland leaves little to be supplied by others in
heightening the picture she chooses to present.
Her work embraces the stirring interest of a
romance combined with historical details. The
volume is very handsomely got up, and is em-
bellished by a beautifully expressive profile of Queen
Nary, whence derived we hardly know, but it
portrays.a countenance of rare beauty, and indicates
a charming serenity of temper.

The Flowers of History, especially such as relate
to the affairs of Britain. Collected by Matthew
of Westminster. Translated by C. D. Yonge,
RA.. Vol. 11. London : Henry G. Bohn.
This, the second and concluding volume of the
celebrated Chronicles of Matthew of Westminster,
forms one of the interesting set known as " Bohn's
Antiquarian Library." The period of time em-
braced in this section extends from 1066 to 1307,
and includes a narrative of many events which
conduced in an eminent degree to form the salient
points of British character. The circumstances
are generally detailed with much prolixity and
quaintness. As might have been expected from
the venerable chronicler, the affairs of the church
form a prominent theme on which his turgid elo-
quence is much applied; still secular affairs do not
absolutely escape his notice, although his deduc-
tions, in not a few cases, would meet with but
limited sympathy in the present matter-of-fact era.
Prom these chronicles, we learn that, so early as
the middle of the thirteenth century, a fear of de-
teriorating the morale of the English aristocracy
°°4ladied a considerable share of public attention,
N.,,n
b, appear from the following extract, entitled
-7 'Matthew,
SOiig
AMSZLS ARE MARRIED TO SOME NOBLES OP
Tho
_ when
ENGLAND. •
May, when lear (1247), in the beginning of the month of
Woodstock, Ile lord the King (Henry I.) was staying at
Saint vitais 7.: that especial purpose, from the festival of
Philip and saln"n.e day after that of the Apostles Saint
lvrn in the cow ?i"es, two maidens from foreign parts,
ales of Savoy or Provence On consequence

of the pruden
had

nd managemet
thither for them), were married to Edmund
Of Lincoln, and Richard de Burgh, two youths o
birth, whom the lord the King had brought up it
his palace for several years, and had caused to be instructed

iu polite manners and accomplishments. At which mar-
riage, because strange and foreign women were married
to natives and Englishmen, women of low birth, as it was
said, to noblemen, ugly women to handsome men, the

latter, too, being disinclined to the marriage, great discon-
tent and indignation was excited among the nobles, who
were in no small fear that the King intended day by day
to bring the nobility of England to degeneracy by a spu-
rious admixture of race. _ _ _

We thus see that, from an early period, the be-
setting sin of English society, exclusiveness, began
to manifest itself. As already stated, the chroni-
cler displays marked sympathy with the clerical
proceedings of the times he treats of, maintaining
almost with a forlorn chivalrousness the purity of
ecclesiastical motives, and the efficacy as well as
the sanctity of sacerdotal movements. As an in-
stance of such purity and efficacy, take the fol-
lowing :---

EMBASSY TO THE POPE, AND ITS RESULTS.

This summer (1254), some nobles belonging to the
Greek empire arrived at the court of Rome, clothed in
gold, with riding-horses and sumpter-horses, and a very
numerous household, who attacked the lord Pope, and in
most violent language charged him with having erred
ennrmonsly in the faith, and also with having been the

Son, inasmuch as by them he was asserted to proceed from
the Father, according to the demonstration and established
_ _

ag standing

iroPe7things, which his court notoriously practised. But
the Pope bestowed valuable presents on them, and sent
them away well instructed in the faith. _ _ _

Of course they were well instructed in the faith,
the instruction being accompanied by weighty and
golden arguments ' • persuasives long since consi-
dered to havepeculiar efficacy on Greek under-
standings, although not so geneially believed to
have been applied in much profusion by his Holi-
ness. Towards the conclusion of Matthew's Chroni-
cles we find the following version of the death of
Sir William Wallace, the valiant and indomitable
Scottish patriot, whose genuine love of country,
self-denial, and singleness of purpose, formed a
brilliant and a noble contrast to the sordid and
mercenary conduct of the Scottish nobility of that
period :

CHARACTER AND EXECUTION OF WALLACE.

About the time of the festival of the Assumption of the
blessed Virgin Mary, a certain Scot, by name William
Wallace, an outcast from pity, a robber, a sacrilegious
man, an incendiary, and a homicide, a man more cruel
than the cruelty of Herod, and more insane than the fury
of Nero, who with the accursed Ham discovered the
nakedness of a man, which God ordained to be covered
when he made men aprons, compelling many men and
women of England, mingled together, to carol and play,
and dance naked before him, placing behind them tor-
mentors with scorpions, and goads to bind against them,
and scourge them, and pinch them, so as to make them
advance straight forward ; a man who even tore out the
bowels of infants crying in their cradles, and hanging at
their mothers' breasts ; who burnt alive boys in schools
and churches, in great numbers ; who, when he had col-
lected an army of Scots in the battle of Falkirk, against
the King of England, and had seen that he could not re-
sist the powerful army of the King, said to the Scots,
" Behold I have brought you into a ring, now carol and
dance as well as you can;" and so fled himself from the
battle, leaving his people to be slain by the sword ;—he, I
say, this man of Belial, after his innumerable wickednesses,
was at last taken prisoner by the King's servants, and
brought to LOndon, as the King ordained that he should
be formally tried, and was on the eve of Saint Bartholo-
mew condemned by the nobles of the kingdom of England
to a most cruel but amply deserved death. First of all,
he was led through the streets of London, dragged at the
tail of a horse, and dragged to a very high gallows, made
on purpose for him, where he was hanged with a halter,
then taken down half dead, after which his bowels were
taken out and burnt in the fire; then his head was cut off,
and his body divided into four quarters, and his head
fixed on a stake and set on London bridge. But his four
quarters thus divided, were sent to the four quarters of
Scotland. Behold the end of a merciless man, whom his
mercilessyss brought to this end ! .

r.
Such is the version given. by Matthew of West-
minster, of a deed of cruelty and savage vengeance
inflicted by a monarch on a prisoner betrayed into
his hands, and whose only crime was refusing fealty
to a sovereign to whom he never owned or owed
allegiance, and the circumstances of whose death
have tarnished the memory and obscured the re-
nown of one of England's bravest and most politic
kings.

The Illustrated London Magazine. Part 111.

London : Piper, Brothers, and Co.

Having spoken recently in terms of general ap-
probation in respect to this very cheap and really
well-got up serial, although we at the same time
felt constrained to administer censure on what we
considered a dangerous slovenliness in one contri-
bution, we are glad to acknowledge that of the
third part we can speak favourably and without
reservation. The papers, generally, are instructive
as well as amusing, and in not a few instances rise
above the ordinary intellectual pabulum served up
for the delectation of the humbler classes of society,
within whose reach the moderate price of this pub-
lication readily brings it. Want of space forbids
us to enumerate the various articles of merit in this
part, but we cannot refrain from offering a word
of special commendation in behalf of one entitled
" Sea-bathing and the Sea-side," by Robert Knox,
M.D. It is written in a pleasing and earnest
manner, and abounds in useful hints to those who
are "in populous city pent," and who seek relief
from lassitude in sojourning by the sea-shore. The
magazine, we think, cannot fail of, as it certainly
deserves, success.

The Protestant Magazine. London : Wertheim
and Macintosh ; and The Bulwark. London :
Seeleys, and Nisbet and Co.
These two stanch advocates of Protestantism
continue valiantly to do battle against Popish
error, intolerance, and cruelty, and in favour of
Protestant truth.

The Family Treasury. Parts 11. and 111
London : Houlston and Stoneman.
A work conducted on the same principles with
the " Family Friend," and by the original editor
of that serial. It offers several advantages over
the "Family Friend," and is indeed a useful as
well as a pleasing fireside companion.

Lights Along the Line. A Geographical and
Topographical Description of the Salubrious
City of Southport. By Yrneh .Koorbezarg.
Liverpool : Deighton and Laughton.
This is a squib, of no inconsiderable power, in
which an alleged lag-behind spirit of somnolency,
said to be characteristic of Southport and its in-
habitants, as well as those of some other localities.
" along the line," are smartly, if not harshly,
castigated. The following description will show
the animus and style of observation which pervade
the satire ; it may be called

A MORAL VIEW OF SOUTHPORT.

Society is good. It differs in kind as the seasons
change.. The indigenous growth of the city itself is
stunted, though refined and exclusive. Admission to the
higher and tea-drinking circles is not easily obtained :
the qualities requisite to insure an entree within the hal-
lowed atmosphere of fashionable conversaziones,conducted
under the auspices of those bright ornaments of their sex
who disdain to bind themselves by law to the monster
man, are volubility of utterance, richness of invention,
unswerving reliance on viva voce communications, and a
stoical disregard of the world at large.

Verily, we opine that if our satirist direct his
artillery against every community vulnerable on
the points which he assails in the above quotation,
not even Warner's celebrated " long range" will
be sufficient to ensure success in his benign en-
deavours to drive scandal and uncharitableness
from their strongholds. The aim in this respect
at least is good, and the brochure of " Lights
along the Line" must be taken, as no doubt it will
be, pant= valeat.

RATIIBU ROMANTIC.—Not far distant from this classic
town resides—or did a short time ago—a fair dame, who
has seen nearly seventy summers, and who was a singu-
larly fortunate person, having a heavy purse, and having
been blessed with two husbands, both of whom have been
gathered to the graves of their fathers. The days of her
mourning being over, the opulent dame arrayed herself in
sable, but fine apparel ; and by means which are more in-
genious than ingenuous succeeded in attracting " a dash-
ing young man" within her province. Having thus far
succeeded, the gay old lady, bedecked and bedizened as
she was, proceeded to "make sure of her game." The
youthful suitor was dazzled by her gold, and won by her
generosity. Notes, sovereigns, silver poured into his lap
in great profusion ; and on the day of their marriage the
" beardless boy" was to be still further exalted—he was to
be the sole possessor, not only of the venerable lady, but
of an income of £5OO a-year ! Charming prospects !
Jewels, rings, and license were purchased; the day fixed
for their appearance at the hymeneal altar ; but the in-
toxicating draught lost its wonted power, the spell was
broken, and the opulent and burnished-up old dame ap-
peared before the once charmed youth in all the deformity
of age ; the silken cord was broken. and the youth de-
serted the loving old lady ! Nothing daunted, however,
the gallant dame again tried her arts, and again bewitched
another of the " nobler sex ;" her fine feathers, and
rustling satins, and ardent love, and luring gold were
irresistible, and a young man of twenty-three fell a
victim to her witchery. The patriarchal lady and the
verdant " gent" went to the priest and were joined to-
gether in matrimony. But, alas, for human happiness !
Scarcely had the "honeymoon" expired, ere the enchant-
ment vanished ; the old lady's powers to hold her be.
trothed failed. He was more unhappy than Prose be.
with Pluto ; the shades of winter fell upon his gaily-
attired wife, and, sad to relate, this young man of twenty.
three took the wealth of his " better half," won the affec-
tions of a more youthful lady, and repaired to the soil of
another hemisphere, leaving the duped lover of seventy
summers to bewail the loss of husband and fortune, at
her impoverished leisureo—Cambridge Chronicle,

LADIES ethic

They also accused him- of other im- j advantage in being rich ?

IRIETIES

1. to despise mankind

finish their studies by running away with the fooiman.
THE CRITERION OF POLITENESS is, never to be so
much unguarded as to say or do a rude thing. Many are
polite half-a-day ; others not half-an-hour.
_ _ _

GYmNosoriiisTs.—" It is a fact," says the Bombay
Gazette," that the entire population of India do not spend
sixpence a head in a year for clothing."
_ _ _

tIIE AVERAGE YIELD OF TEA is about one hundred
and twenty pounds to the acre. The average cost of pro-
ducing a pound of tea is about eightpence.

IciCrEA3l.—" Mike, and is it yeiself that can be afther
telling me how they make ice crame ?"—" In truth, I can ;
don't they bake them in cowld ovens, to be sure."
WARTS.-Dr. Peez, of Wiesbaden, confirms the state-
ment made by several German practitioners, of the rapid
curative agency which attends the internal use of carbo-
nate of magnesia, in cases of warts.

OMINOUS.—A- railway company in the North of Eng-
land has just contributed out of its funds £26, towards
providing an additional burial-ground in a town through
which it passes.—Diogenes.
A GUARANTEE.—Officer—Confound you! didn't you
guarantee that the horse wouldn't shy before the fire of
an enemy ? Horsedealer.—No more he won't, Tisn't
till arter fire that he kicks.
SAM SLlcx says, " I believe every critter in the world
thinks that he's the most entertainin' one in it, and that
there's no gettin' on anyhow without him. Consait grows
as nateral as the hair on one's head, but is longer in

LEISURE dND SOLITUDE, which are the most valuable
blessings that riches can procure, are avoided by the ge-
nerality of the opulent, who, weary of themselves, fly to
company and business for relief. 'Where, then, lies the

Jeen compared to a dish of silver. It is more
like a service of white china on a blue teatray, cups and
-)rs, and teapots and coffee-pots, and butter-boats, and
ear-basins, of all heights, and shapes, and sizes, but
with an undue proportign of coffee-pots.—Cayley's Las
allforjas ; or, the Bridle Roads of Spain. . .

.
PISRING FOR A ComrLimENT.-7-Ayoung man having
preached for Doctor Emmons one day, was anxious to get
a word of applause for his labour of love. The grave
doctor, however, did not introduce the subject, and his
younger brother was obliged to bait the hook for him.
" I hope, sir, I did not weary your people by the length of
my sermon to-day." "No, sir, not at all ; nor by the
depth either." The young man was silent.
" How ANY ONE (says an anti-peace man) can look at
the human foot, composed of 144 bones, any quantity of
elastic cartilage, a gill and a half of lubricating oil, and
ten thousand other arrangements for first-class kicking,
and still believe it is a duty to receive an insult without
making a man smell of leather, is one of those eccen-
tricities connected with the human mind which we never
could fathom."

CITY OF DAMASCUS.—Damascus is the oldest city in
the world. It begins with the earliest patriarchs, and
continues to modern times. While other cities of the
Fast have risen and decayed, Damascus is still what it
was. It was founded before Baalbec and Palmyra, and it
has outlived them both. While Babylon is a heap in the
desert, and Tyre a ruin of the shore, it remains what it
is called in the prophecies of Isaiah, " the head of Syria."
FEMALE LOVELINESS never appeared to so good advan-
tage as when set off with simplicity of dress ; and our dear
human angels, if they would make good their title to that
name, 'should carefully avoid ornaments which properly
belong to Indian squaws and African princesses. These
tinselries may serve to give effect on the stage or on the
ball-room floor, but in daily life there is no substitute for
the charm of simplicity. The absence of a true taste and
refinement or delicacy cannot be compensated for by the
possession of the most princely fortune. Mind measures
gold, but gold cannot measure mind. Through dress the
mind may be read, as through the delicate tissue of the
lettered page. A modest woman will dress modestly. A
really refined and intellectual woman will bear the marks
of careful selection and taste.---Family Treasury.

" THE PRESS," exclaims the New York TribUne, with
some bitterness, and a great deal of truth, " when at
public feasts the dishes are licked clean, the bread is
crumbled, the nuts are dugout, the glasses are empty,
overturned, or broken; the last declaimer of stump-
stereotype has finished his Clay, his Calhoun, or his
Webster, the company is two-thirds gone, and one-third
tired, ' The Press !" fellow-citizens, is then toasted, with
a ghastly smile and an asthmatic cheer, in which the
public men who are left do not join, though the public
men are indebted nineteen parts of twenty to that press,
for their reputations and fortunes,—to the body of educated
reporters for their good taste and philanthrophy in mend-
ing so freely their vulgar rhetoric and contemptible
grammar."

- DEFINITION OF A GENTLEMAN.—In the case of Wag
v. Kelson, tried at the late Bristol assizes, Mr. Justice
Talfourd thus defined the character of a gentleman :—The
evidence proved that the defendant, while in the theatre,
had said to the plaintiff, " Do not speak to me ; I am a
gentleman, and you are a tradesman." " Gentleman,"
said the learned judge, "is a term which does not apply
to any station, but to the mind and the feelings in every
station. The man of rank who deports himself with
dignity and candour, and the tradesman who discharges
the duties of life with honour and integrity, are alike
entitled to it ; nay, the humblest artizan, who fulfils the
obligation cast upon him with virtue and with honour, is
more entitled to the name of gentleman than the man who
could indulge in offensive and ribald remarks, however
high his station.
THE lONIAN ISLANDS.—It is difficult to imagine seven
islands, so utterly distinct in race, in ideas, in language,
in interests, locality and social organisation, as those which
it pleased fate to confer on Great Britain, with the task of
governing them. Cerigo is a rock peopled by malefactors.
Zante is a paradise, with a wealthy middle class, and a
small semi-Italian noblesse. Cephalonia is more Greek
than Greece itself, with large proprietors, and a hungry
and disinherited peasantry. Santa Maura is a desert, re-
duced to kindred barbarism with the mainland, which it
touches. Ithaca consists of barren cliffs, with an unwhole-
some shore. Pazos is a low island, which the waves have
cut in two, and which civilization has endowed with a
Martello tower. Corfu is a little polyglot kingdom,
cleaving the Adriatic, a watch-tower commanding Italy,
and the only sea issue of Austria, as well as the coasts of
Turkey and Greece.

ORNAMENT.—Nature is the true guide in our applica-
; tiou of ornament. She delights in it, but ever in the sub-
, verviency to use. Men generally pursue an opposite
course, and adorn only to encumber. With the refined
few, simplicity is the feature of greatest merit in orna-
ment. The trifling, the vulgar-minded, and the ignorant
prize only what is striking and costly—something showy
in contrast, and difficult to be obtained. Nothing can
more severely or more truly satirise this taste than the
fancy of the negro chief in the interior of Africa, who re-
ceived an Englishman's visit a ceremony in a drummer's
jacket and a judge's wig. I always think of this per-
sonage when I see a lady loaded with jewels : and if I had
a wife, and she had such encumbrances, from the anxiety
of which I saw no other chance of her being relieved, I
should heartily rejoice in one of those mysterious disap-
pearances which have been so frequent of late, and which,
it may be, have sometimes originated in a feeling on the
part of the husband similar to mine.—Walker's
CONVENTUAL MYETEEIEE.—" History has recorded the
fact, that in the apartments of the Inquisitors of Spain,
there were found sixty-two young women, who had been
corrupted and ruined by the inquisitors, and kept there
where the public could never know it. The French sol-
diery flung open the inquisition, and revealed the secret.
There is no security in Italy against the same evil in a
very large proportion of the nunneries ; for every crime
of earth and hell may .possibly be rife throughout their
cloisters, and the cry of injured innocence and outraged
virtue, stifled within the walls, remain unheard by the
world without. While we were at Rome, an abbess of
one of the nunneries rushed forth frantically from the
opened gates, plunged into the Tiber, and there sought in
its deep waters to drown the memory and the remorse of
the past ! We were surprised at the pains taken to deny
and conceal this fact, though known and witnessed by
hundreds. The ecclesiastics could not bear to hear it
mentioned.—Pilgrimage to Rome, by Rev. H. Seymour.
CHILDREN.--I think them the poetry of the world—the
fresh flowers of our hearths and homes ; little conjurors,
with their natural magic—evoking by their spells what
delights and enriches all ranks, and equalizes the different
classes of society. Often as they bring with them anxieties
and cares, and live to occasion sorrow and grief, we should
get on very badly without them. Only think if there was
never anything anywhere to be seen but great grown-up
men and women. How we should long for the sight of a
little child ! Every infant comes into the world like a
delegated prophet—the harbinger and herald of good
tidings, whose office it is to " turn the hearts of the
fathers to the children," and to draw "the disobedient to
the wisdom of the just." A child softens and purifies the
heart, warming and melting it by its gentle presence ; it
enriches the soul by new feelings, and awakens within it
what is favourable to virtue. It is a beam of light—a
fountain of love—a teacher whose lessons few can resist.
Infants recal us from much that engenders and encourages
selfishness, that freezes the affections, roughens the
manners, indurates the heart ; they brighten the home,
deepen love, invigorate exertion, infuse courage, and vivify
and sustain the charities of life.

QuicirsiLvsn Mir SES.—The diseased forms of the
men working as excavators belong only too prominently
to a picture of Almaden. You meet men in the streets
with wasted faces, fetid breaths, and trembling hands ;
blind, paralytic. The heat in the lower workings of the
mine is very considerable, the ventilation is imperfect,
vapour of quicksilver floats upon the air, and condenses
on the walls, down which it trickles in little runlets of
pure liquid metal. Even visitors are sensibly affected by
it, and retain for some time the metallic flavour in their
mouths. The miners, who number more than 4,000, are
divided into three gangs, or watches, working six hours
each, and leaving the fourth six hours of the twenty-four—
from ten at night until four in the morning—as an inter-
val of perfect rest. On account of the heat, and the dele-
terious nature of the vapour, summer is made an idle
time, winter the great period of activity among the popu-
lation. As the winter closes, the appearance of the miners
begins very emphatically to tell its own tale, and great
numbers hasten to their native plains and mountains to
recruit. Their homes are chiefly scattered about Estre-
ma.dura, Andalusia, and Portugal. Crowds of Portuguese,
after harvest, flock to obtain employment at Almaden,
selling not their labour only but their health. The
most robust cannot work in the mine longer than about
fourteen days in succession, generally eight or nine
days make as long a period of such labour as can be
endured without rest. Those who exceed that time are
obliged eventually to give up work and breathe unadul-
terated air for perhaps two months together. If they
work without due precaution, and almost inevitably if
they indulge in wine, miners at Almaden aged between
25 or 30 waste away, lose hair and teeth, acquire an in-
sufferable breath, or become sometimes afflicted with
tremblings that render them unable to supply their own
wants ; they have to be fed like infants. If the disease
be not checked vigorously, cramps and nervous attacks
of the most agonising kind follow upon these symp-
toms and lead on to death. They who work within
due bounds, and live moderately, using a good deal of
milk, if they take care always to dean their persons
thoroughly after . each six hours of work—the full day's
labour—live not seldom to old age. These diseases afflict
the miners only. The men engaged upon the ore and.
quicksilver outside thamines, in smelting and other open-
actions, do not sufer.—Household Words.

A YOUNG LADY

sked I

toured me with original spelling,

riy friends have

BATHOS.—If you would have an idea of the ocean in
a storm—just imagine ten thousand hills and four hou-
sand mountains, all drunk, and chasing one another over
newly-ploughed ground, with lots of caverns in it for
them to step into now and then.
AN AMERICAN EDITION OF THE THREE GRACES.—
The Boston Chronicle invites the Bostonians just to step
into the Concert-hall, where they "will find three of the
greatest natural curiosities in the world, viz., ' Wood's
wonderful women,' consisting of the tallest, the shortest,
and the fattest of women."
" MAN WANTS BUT LITTLE HERE BELOW" does not
seem to be the opinion of a gentleman at Launceston, who,
in the Times, advertises the following curious enumeration
of his wants :—" A folio prayer-book, large gong, Pearson's
Astronomy, Diversions of Purley, a single gun, and Times
at half-price, to be posted, unsoiled, on the day of publi-
cation."

THE CALORIC ENGINE.—The editors of the Journal of
the Franklin Institute for June last conclude a short
article on Ericson's caloric engine thus—" At the time
these remarks were made we knew less about the caloric
engine than at present, and it was supposed by many en-
gineers that success was at least possible, although it
might be a work of years to develope it. It was, therefore,
the aim of the writer to show that the results at that time
attained were not such as to warrant any hope of its future
success on the ocean, or indeed for locomotive power of
any description. Farther experience has destroyed all
probability of its success in any capacity."
THE COMET which has lately been visible has served a
priest not far from Warsaw with materials for a very
curious sermon. After having summoned his congrega-
tion together, although it was neither Sunday nor festi-
val, and shown them the comet, he informed them that
this was the same star that had appeared to the Magi at
the birth of our Saviour, and that it was only visible now
in the Russian Empire. Its appearance on this occasion
was to intimate to the Russian eagle that the time was
now come for it to spread out its wings and embrace all
mankind in one orthodox soul-sanctifying Church. He
told them that the star was now standing immediately
over Constantinople, and explained that the nucleus indi-
cated its sorrow at the delays of the Russian army in pro-
ceeding to its destination, &c.
A NEW Ges.—ln the Nova Scotia legislature Dr. Ges-
ner submitted a proposal to light the lighthouses belong-
ing to the provinces with his new Kerosne gas, which he
estimated would effect a saving of £15,000 per annum
over the present mode. He has been allowed to try the
experiment with the lighthouse at Meagher's Beech,which
he illumined at a charge of £l9 per annum, effecting a
saving of £5O. It appears that the mode of procuring
the gas was quite simple, and a steam-boat company there
had all their vessels lighted with it, as well as the wharves,
&c. It was brought on board the vessel in India-rubber
bags. The works are stated to be managed by a common
labouring man. No mention is made of the mode of pre-
paration, nor of the material from which it is manufac-
tured, but it is said to be much cheaper than ordinary qas.
CHOLERA AND CoPPEE.—Several columns of the Siecle
have been taken up the last two days with a communica-
tion from Dr. Burg, recommending the application of
copper to the skin as a protection against cholera, and the
internal use of the filings or powder of copper internally,
in doses which are not poisonous, where the cholera has
made its appearance. Dr. Burg relates some extraordinary
facts of the workmen in copper manufactories having
escaped the cholera, but he does not give us well-authen-
ticated cases of prevention by the wearing of copper, or of
cure by the internal use of that metal. A few cases of this
kind would be much more conclusive than all the induc-
tions founded on statistical facts. Dr. Burg appears to
ground his theory on the supposition that where the
cholera exists there is a deficiency of or a material change
in the character of the electric fluid, and that the equili-
brium may be restored by metallic agency. This idea is
not new. In 1832, both in London and Paris, plates of
copper and zinc were worn by thousands, in the belief
that they would be thus protected against cholera; but
they did not escape any more than persons who had not
adopted the precaution. Dr. Burg mentions one curious
fact, if it be real, showing the atmospheric action in cholera.
He says that in the last visitation all the coach springs
that were manufactured were defective in quality.
POPPING THE QUESTION.—What a curious sensation
that is which troubles a man upon such a mission ! Why
does the elegantly arranged sentence, studied with so
much care, in order alike to avoid formality and familiarity,
begin to seem bald, and bold, and bungling, just as it is
about to be wanted ? Why is it finally revised upon the
coarse mat in the hall, and utterly rejected upon the silky
mat in the landing ? Why do you feel choking, as with
thirst, and yet could not drink the elixir of life, if it were
presented to you ? Why would you pay a hundred guineas
a step to have the staircase twice as long as it is, and yet
you go up as hastily as if you were escaping from a poor
relation ? Why does that pleasing bow, with which you
have so often stooped to conquer—you know it—seem to
you at once a great deal too low, and a great deal too
slight, and altogether abominable ? Why do you wish
you had put on that other cravat ? In short, why is your
sense so keenly awakened to the outward man, and to the
Outside phase, and why do you forget that you have
hitherto looked like a gentleman and spoken like a
philosopher, and generally done your duty in that state of
life in which it has pleased Providence to place you, and
that there is no particular reason why, at one o'clock this
fine day, you should make a failure ? Is it a satisfactory
answer to say, that all this is because there sits in the low
chair near the window, in that drawing-room, a bright-
eyed
young person of the other sex, who, if you could only
see it, can hardly hold her crotchet-work for her tremour ;
who knows intensely well what you mean and what you
are come for, and who designs to make you the kindest
possible answer, poor thing ! if she should be able to find
proper words, and who, in the mean time, is in about as
fit a condition to criticize you as I am to correct the
Jupiter symphony or the Nautical Almanack.—Aspen
Court, by Shirley Brooks.
THE DUKE'S CHARITIES.—A writer in the Quarterly
Review, in noting the interior of Apsley House (the
duke's own room), says :—Near also at hand is a private
box, now covered with a leather case, which he unlocked I
with an unduplicated key, it being the depository of a
constant supply of bank-notes for those disbursements as
to which he did not think proper to make " Coutts's I
clerks" his confidants ; and seldom that day passed when
it was not often opened to direct £5 and £lO notes to be
sent in registered letters to never-failing applications for
relief. The duke, a Samaritan, not a Pharisee, did not
blazon forth his name in printed subscription lists, or
choose to be made a decoy—like many who have their re-
ward—but had a heart open as charity, and a hand
that knew not what the other gave. It was useless to
prove to him that his bounty was often abused. He held
that, as much had been given by his own country, much
was required ; and, however close and circumspect as -ray-
master of state money, he was generous to a fault with
his own ; nay, he was infinitely amused when ingenious
tricks were played on him. He was fond of telling—and
he did it at great length and with infinite humour—the
particular case of the female Standly, who, by a scheme
followed up for seven years, contrived to do him out of
some £5OO. "An orphan daughter of a soldier," he would
say—and we can only give an epitome—" petitioned for
relief—/ sent her £10; soon comes a grateful application
for a little aid to set up a shop—granted ; after a time,
trade very bad and some assistance begged—given ; pre-
sently a prospect of marriage with an industrious young
man—wedding present., of course ; in due time, a child
born—baby-linen provided; by-and-bye the infant sickens
—apothecary settled with; next the poor sufferer dies—
undertaker satisfied; then the heart-broken parents wish
to emigrate—outfit and passage paid ; after a few months,
news from the United States that it does not answer—
passage back paid ! when an accidental discovery by the
police brought an untimely end to my poor orphan."
THE WORKS AT WESTMINSTER PALACE.—Ascending
the noble flight of steps from Westminster-hall to the
porch, the effect of the lofty arches is exceedingly fine; the
height from the pavement of the porch to the crown of the
vault is 65 feet. The great window, which is about 48 feet
high in the centre, and 25 feet wide, will be filled with
stained glass before the next meeting of Parliament ; the
glass is now being executed in the establishment of Mr.
Hardman. Looking externally, the small turrets next the
window contain a series of sculptured figures, namely :
that on the left hand, and beginning at the top, Edward
111., Queen Philippa, St. George, and St. Andrew ; and
the turret on the right, Henry VII., Elizabeth of York,
St. Patrick, and St. Stephen. The four canopied niches
forming the termination of the gable, contain statues of
four monarchs, during whose reign this and the adjoining
buildings were erected, namely :—William Rufus, with his
face towards Westminster-hall ; Edward the Confessor,
looking towards St. Stephen's-hall and cloisters ; William
IV., facing west; and Queen Victoria, looking to the Vic-
toria-tower. The Royal arms, the separate insignia of
England, Ireland, and Scotland, badges, and names form
the sculptured adornments of other parts of the façade.
The want of story, by the way, in the sculptured work
adorning the Houses of Parliament always seems to us a
subject for regret ; there is so little to find out. We would
have had it present a noble poem in stone,. which men of
all countries could translate. The Victoria Tower is ad-
vancing slowly, but steadily ; -a height of about 20 feet has
been carried up during the present year by Mr. Jay. The
top of it is now 180 feet from the ground; and when com-
pleted it will be more than 300 feet ! Between this tower
and St. Stephen's porch a range of buildings is being put
up to contain offices and committee-rooms for the peers,
which will shut out from view the exterior of the House
of Lords, now seen in Old Palace-yard, and present a
handsome façade to the road, four stories in height, with a
clock-tower in the centre, 120 feet from the ground. Oriel
windows, alternating with windows in recesses, with bal-
conies before them, will give life and variety to this front.
. . . .

It will terminate almost in a point, containing a staircase,
next the approach to St. Stephen's-hall (with which it will
communicate with the ground floor), so as not to interfere
with the lights. At the back of this range of buildings,
and extending east, will be a large apartment, not yet
commenced, 46 feet long, and 27 feet wide, to be called the
Painted Chamber, for the complete decoration of which,
with pictures in fresco, Mr. Herbert, R.A., has received a
commission, and he is now, we believe, engaged in pre-
paring for the work. Hereafter it will be a subject of
wonder that so vast a building was completed from one
plan, and in so short a space of time, as the Westminster
Palace has occupied.—The Builder.

FRENCH LANGUAGE.—MOOS. L. P. PLUMTOT. at the re-
quest of several large families, has determined to introduce
Single Ladies to any of the fifteen different Classes directed
by him, in Six respectable Educational Establishments for
Young Ladies, on the same terms as the Pupils themselves.
Mons. P. has classes of all gradations, from beginners in the
French Alphabet to the Pupils capable not only of understand
ing very well the Classic Works used by him, (the same as
adopted in the best Educational Establishments in Paris,)
but also capable of speaking and writing correctly the French
Language. Each Lady has the option of remaining in the
different classes one, two, or three hours twice a-week. Gen-
tlemen,of all ages, may be introduced also into several Es-
tablishments for Young Gentlemen, on the same terms as the
Pupils. Prospectuses, Prospectuses, with Directions as to each Establish-
ment, Terms, and many Testimonials !from Ladies, Clergy.
men, and Gentlemen who have learned the French Language
upon Mons. P.'s new system during the last ten years, may be
had at any time. at the Professor's Residence, or by post. Pri-
vate Lessons, for Ladies or Gentlemen, at the Professor's Resi-
dence, at the Pupils' Residence, or bycorrespondence, as usual.
The next Quarter commences on the 3rd of October next. The
Paris Illustration and - French Daily Newspapers are con-
stantly in Mona. P.'s apartment, at the disposal of all his
Pupils. Mons. P. is at home every day from One to Two in
the Afternoon, and after Seven in the Evening.—No. 45,
UPPZII PARLIAMENT-STREET.

ECCLESIASTICAL INTELLIGEZ

-......*--

TS AND. AP

,INTMENTS

Rev. C. S. Fripp, to the Curacy of K
minster, Wilts. _ _

Aston Deverill, War-

Rev. A

-.
Hoare, 111,A., to the Rectory of Calbourne, near

Newport, Isle of Wight.
Rev. H. Jones, M.A., to the Curacy of Shelley, Suffolk.
Rev. J. Macnaught, 8.A., to the Incumbency of the Church
of St. Chrysostoni, Everton; Lancashire.
. .

Rev. C. H. Morgan, M.A., Vicar of Abbotts Leigh, to an
Honorary Canonry in Bristol Cathedral.
Rev. W. S. Newman, M.A., Head Master of the Tavistock
Grammar School, to the Rectory of Coryton, Devon.

Rev. J. C. Pigott, 8.D., to the
Saints, Dorset.
Rev. R. Polwhele, M.A., to the Vicarage of St. Stephen's-
by-Saltash. Cornwall.

arage o

Rev. C. R. Rowlatt, to the Curacy (not the Vicarage) of
West Thurrock, Romford, Essex. . .

Rev. T. Saulez, M.A.;to the Incumbency of All Saints,
Islington, London.
Rev. J. R. Stock, M.A., Incumbent of All Saints Church,
Islington,_ London, to the Vicarage of Finchingfield, Essex.
.

ReV. VV. VD!leis, Vicar of Ilromsgro
Honorary Canonry in Worcester Cathedral

Rey. S: H. L. Warner, M.A., to the Vicarage of How,hton-
le-Dale.

The Bisnop OF DURHAM, who manifested unmistake-
able signs of the effects of age and infirmity in his recent
visitation tour, continues to be in a very precarious state
of health. At the confirmations about to take place in
different parts of the diocese the Bishop of Manchester
will officiate for the venerable prelate.—Leeds Intelli-
gencer.

TESTIMONIAL TO A CLERGTMAN.—The Rev. T. S.
Wallace, who has recently been appointed to the curacy of
Great Budsworth, Chester, was last week presented, by the
members of St. Jude's Church, in this town, with a pocket
communion service, and a well-filled purse. From the
teachers in the schools attached to the church he also re-
ceived a handsome writing-desk, and a copy of Scott's
Commentary.

The Canterbury Journal states that the Ven. Arch-
deacon Davis, late of Melbourne (Australia), after declining
two livings—one the bishopric of Sydney, offered by the
Duke of Newcastle, and the other the rectory of Whitby,
offered by the Archbishop of York—,has accepted the in-
cumbency of Christ Church, Ramsgate, rendered vacant
by the removal of the Rev. E. Hoare, M.A., to Tunbridge-
wells.

OXFORD.—The long disputed question of assessing the
Colleges and Halls to the poor-rate is likely to be brought
to an amicable termination. The University authorities
will consent to pay a quota of the rate, on condition of
their having a fair share in the representation of the
Board of Guardians. The amount of the quota to be paid,
and the number of Guardians to be elected on the part of
the University are to be settled in the course of next term.

CinTßcir OF SCOTLAND.—At a meeting of the Episcopal
Synod, on Wednesday, in St. Mary's Church, Renfield-
street, the Right Rev. Dr. Trower resigned his office as
Bishop of Glasgow, in consequence of the state of Mrs.
Trower's health, which will compel the bishop and his
family to reside permanently in the south of Europe.—The
Hon. and Rev. R. Liddell, M.A., brother to Lord Ravens-
worth, and incumbent of St. Paul's Church, Knights-
bridge, is likely to be appointed to the bishopric of Glasgow,
in the room of Dr. Trower.