Star.
London, England, 1818-01-14 00:00:00

neutrality, which with the Spaniards they certainly
do not, as the arguments of the latter are as follow
" 1. That it is not credible, or even presumable, hoteever po-
pular the cause of the Independents may be In England, that the
merchants would adventure large sums in favour of an object
which their Government does not protect some way or other.
"2. That muth less would they do it if there was any direct
Oppoaltlon.

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" 3. That it is netessary to conclude, from existing appearances,
that if no opposition is made, the laws are defective, or that the
yoke of the people has more weight than the will of the Ministers•
" Among the Spaniards, the difficulties that Eng-
land has put in the way of the negociations being
carried on in the Peninsula, tend to strengthen the
surmises above alluded to ; and it is besides awk-
ward, that the exertions in favour of the Indepen-
dents are particularly displayed at the precise nick
of time when Spain is preparing to send out men of
war, frigates, and armies, to bring the rebels on their
knees. In short, the Spaniards are too incredulous
to believe, that philanthropy could intie the purse-
strings of private individuals ; and they add, every
musket now wielded against them in America, has
got the Tower mark upon them and the King's arms;
" In the whole of this affair one thing is certain
with regard to the Allies, and that is, that the inter-
ests of England are different from those of the Con-
tinental Powers. The latter haste entered into the
negotiation with a view to prevent the former from
absorbing all the advantages of trade, and England
has acquiesced from two reasons, viz. through jea-
lousy of the United States, and because in a commer-
cial treaty she hopes to retain an ascendency, founded
on previous intercourse. Other reasons are 'also stated,
and it is even said, that Spain has offered the Flori-
dan to England for her services on this occasion, the
tenure of which countries would not be so interesting
as the privation to the North Americans would be

galling
" M.. Pozzi de Borgo and Count Fernan Nunez
are the persons most busily employed in this affair,
as the Count de Palmela seems only to interfere in
what concerns his master, viz. the possession of Monte
Video. It is now, however, said, that since the nego-
tiations have been opened, the French Ministers have
been invited to take a part, but we hear of no depu-
ties from South America, nor whether any are to be
consulted. What is still more strange, it is supposed
that the independent governments in South America,
have never been asked, whether they will accept a
mediation, or not. It appears natural that their com-
plaints should be heard, for how will they agree to
terms to which they have not been parties ? South
American agents, it is understood, reside in Europe,
' yet none have been called upon, but in the mean
time it is whispered they have lodged solemn protests
against . a mediation in the hands of the British Go-
vernment.
" This affair, consequently, though not of such
great magnitude as those which occupied the Con-
gress of Vienna, presents infinitely more difficulties,
not only in consequence of the distance of the coun.
try whose welfare is to be the topic of deliberation,
and of which here great ignorance prevails, but also
owing to the collision of interests, and the extreme
jealousy that already prevails among the negociatorst
in Spain also they have a difficult stvirject to handle.
Who can make her listen to reason? Who can keep
down her pride and obstinacy? Certainly England
will agree to nothing that is not liberal and just, and
to propose any thing of this stamp would only
strengthen the distrust of Spain. Besides, in this
I plan, are those countries to be comprehended which
the Spaniards say they have reconquered and paci-
fied—as, for example, Santa Fe, or those of which
the revolution is not completed, viz. Mexico? It is
understood that England insists on the mediation
being general, in order that no jealousies may be ex-
cited, and with a view to prevent the elements of
future discord, on the grounds of disparity.
" Suppose Buenos Ayres is allowed a free trade
with all nations, and this is refused to Peru and
Mexico, the former would then be rewarded for
having raised the standard of rebellion, whilst the
latter would be punished for not having followed the
example. This would be to tell the two latter sec•
tions that to be relieved from monopolies, the Inqui-
sition, and finally the laws of the Indies, they must
first become insurgent. Spain insists on the media.
tion being partial, and for reasons you will easily
guess. Any mediation in which England has the
chief influence, must make Spain a loser, for it is
well known the monopolists of Cadiz would as soon
see the Spanish possessions in America lost, as hear
that her ports had been opened. It is therefore for-
tunate that Russia has not the ascendancy. You will
not be astonished that I am unable to give you more
positive details respecting a matter, of which the first
lines of the Protocol are scarcely traced. As they go
on, the negotiators will discover the difficulties they
have to encounter, and which they did not expect
" Spain has represented the thing as easy, and
hitherto she has been believed. But, apropos ! is it
whilst the negotiations are pending that the Hispano-
Russian squadron is to leave Cadiz with troops, or is
the rest* to be previously ascertained ? My opinion
is, that if the squadron leaves Europe before the no-
gociations are terminated, Spain has little hopes
tne result being favourable to her ; and on the other
hand, if the armament waits the result of so tedious
an affair as the one in question, the successes of the
Patriots will render its coming of no avail. Let these
continue prosperous as they now are, and the South
Americans need not care for the mediation of the
Allies more than they have hitherto done for the
threats of Spain. My next shall give you some in-
formation of what is passing here between the Repre-
sentatives of the latter and those of Portugal."

CaLcurra.--Actording to the Ukbars of the last
year RUNJUT Sinou had withdrawn the Seek army
from Moltan. Heavy falls of hail in the wheat coqn-
tiles had destroyed the crop, and rendered all kidds
of grain excessively dear. Prince KAMHUN had
marched from Candahar towards Cabul, and King
MAHMOOD SHAH had proceeded from Peshawar m
the same direction. AMEEI Kuwww was still occu-
pied with the siege of Madhooragporah, and Hot,-
K4/1 had promised his rebel Chieftain Gurrooft
Kna!:, that he, or the mutinous army, should not
be attacked by 94:trnsta's troops under AsdiAlit•