Star.
London, England, 1817-11-01 00:00:00

SOUTH AMERICAN AFFAIRS.

The day of complete separation between South
America and Old Spain seems fast approaching.
According to letters from Madrid, weekly Councils
are held there on the affairs of South America; but
so great is the dilemma of the Spanish Government
on this important matter, that the Ministers are un-•
able toad-pt any plan that can prevent the separation
of the Ultramarine Provinces. At first much was
expected, at the Spanish Court, from the mediation
of Russia, as it was understood the basis on which
King FERDINAND had agreed to act was liberal, but
it is now a query among the enlightened of the
Peninsula, whet.her any thing libaal can issue from
the C .uncils of a King who has re-established the
Inquisiti
While arrogance and imbecility palsy all the
Councils of the Government of Madrid, the Inde-
pendents press forward with unremitting ardour to
the goal of emancipation and libel.. y. For a while,
their operations were impeded by the want of a pro-
per medium of communicating and circulating intel,
ligence, the press in many quarters, being completely
under the controul of the Royalists. some time
this has been obviated. A printing-office is now to
be found at all head-quarters, whence the Bulletins
of the Army are issued with great regularity,
teen before they appear in the Buenos Ayres Gazette ;
which prevents the retardation of publicity, by the
interception of couriers or by other accidents.
The accounts is the Buenos Ayres Casettes to the
18:li of July, and in Bulletins fri m the Auxiliary
A; my acting in Upper Peru, from which we subjoin
extracts, will prove gratifying to every friendof the
human race. So great has been the success of the
Patriots in that quarter, that they have dispossessed
the Royalists of all the line of fortifications along the
River Biobio, and also of the fort of Arauco, the
most southern point the Spaniards held between the
Aedes and tl e Pacific. The latter are naw shut up
in the peninsula of Weapon°, which forms the fur.
theft side of the Bay of Conception, and this is the
only riot in the whole of Chili possessed by the
arms of King FERDINAND, but from which the Inds.
pendents soon expect to drive their enemies.
On the 9th of July the Anniversary of the Decla.
ration of the Independence of the United Provinces
of South America was celebrated with all kinds of
public rejoicings and demonstrations of patriotism.
A solemn Mass was performed in the Gathedral
Church, on whieit occasion the Bishop of SALTA ofli
dated, attended by the Supreme Director of the
State, the Officers of Government, and the National
Representatives. Don PEDItO IGNACIO CA:71I0, a
Deputy of the Sovereign Congress, delivered an ora-
tiou suited to the occasion, in the first ?art of which
he proved, that the South Americans were possessed
of antecedent rights to declare the i.selves indepen-
thnt of King FRILDINAND VII. and his seccessors
and in the second, that in order to secure the happy
consequences of such a declaration, it was necessary
to maintain order and due submission to the Coital-
' mud Authorities, by which means the most jest of
all causes would be respected by other nations.—
Every countenance beamed with emotiqns of pleasure,
' and every heart was actuated by a profound venera-
tion for the solemn Act that sealed their fate, and
raised them to the dignity of a free and independent
people. The remarks published in the Government
Gazette on the celebration of this Anniversary of In-
depsndence, and the happy changes it has produced,
deserve a place in our columns without any abridg-
ment :

UAZETIS OF THE UNI rLD PROVINCES OF THE
RIVER 11.. A I k-JuLr 12, ISO.

4. That indiscreet enthusiasm which had more than
once left baneful impressions on the public mind, has
been exchanged lot jodgment and circumspection.—
This reform, which experience has created in the ge.
nius of Amesicans, ought to make those tremble who
seek to deprive us of the rewards of our constancy
and perseverance. The inhabitants of every province
are now sensible of the objtct for which they are
fighting ; and the enlightened, who are aware of the
justice on which their enterprite is founded, will not
accuse them of extravagance or dangerous innovation.
True it is, that doting the progress of our struggle
we have beheld some exotic preJuctions, in which
the fundamental basis of many of the respectable
Governments of Europe were attacked. Monarchs
possibly have beheld with displeasure doctrines which
cast inconsiderate odium on the principles :trying as
the basis of their authority. Possibly they may have
feared, that the success of our arms might give im-
portance to such political novelties and extravagances.
But the time is now come when we can convince
them, that our cause is not in opcosition to the rights
of Monarchs, or of any other kind of Government.
We have not sought to become the redeemers of the
universe; oar complaints have nothing to do with
the vague and exaggerated declamations of those
who give to the rights of man an elasticity beyond,
all rule and measure. All we have to say is rather
founded on facts than rights, and in a few words all is
said. Spain was invaded by the French, and nearly
the whole country occupied fur the purpose of its
being transferred to another dominion. The few
points which were free in the Peninsula carried on a
deads-war against the aggressors, but stiU all hopes
had been lost of its being possible to dislodge the
new yoke. In this situation the Spaniards sustained
that the South Americans ought to retain passive in
the struggle, and trust to their tate;whetherit should

Ibe good or bid, till the shole affair lA* decided.-1
The Americans. diso by the constitution of the Mo-
narchy have never been considered as slaves, with
just reason opposed being se basely treated, and as
an accessary of the European part of the Spanish na-
tion; at all cents, they sought to preserve themselves
for their captive King and his legitimate successors.
Such were the principles proclaimed on the glorious
25th May, ISM. The Spaniards then declared war
against us, and the Americans have done no more
than defend themselves. The French are driven
from the Peninsula; Furdinend VII. teems to oc-
cupy the throne of his ancestors. But here the gees.
lion took anteeLr turn. Tne 'Caeca Provinces of
South America, by no solemn act, had ever disclaim-
ed his authority ; the avenues were yet open by which
we might have been restored to our ancient obedience.
Deputies were immediately dispatched over to Mr-
dfor the purpose of felicitating his Majesty, exhi-
bitiiing our complaint, to him, and imploring an ho-
nourable termination of all our dissentirins. When
our Deputies arrived at Court, the King had already
issued his inexorable and bloody Decrees ; and al-
ready
Morale's expedition was crossing the seas, in
order to wage a war of devastation on our shores.—
The natural right of defence made us adopt me.. 15
whereby we might tepel force by force. Spani ads,
rankling with resentment, could never act the part of
good mediators; nor was it possible we could nests./
our oaths of allegiance in their hands. Enemies, in-
veterate because they I:Ad been parties in the ptecee-
ing question, were the worst instruments fee- any
mutual arrangement. Our submission would hove
brought down upon us the eternal opprobrium of the
American race ; besides. the whole world was aware
that the Spaniards would take such measures to stifle
what they call the rev-lutionary germ, that they
would nut have allowed those even to breath freely
who were born on the soil of America. Every thing
that did not amount to a confidence in our loyalty,
and a guaran•ee.left in our own hands that we should
not afterwards be trampled upon, was evidetitly an
absurd pretension on the part of Spain, and to which
we ratianally could never conform in the attitude we
then stood. Our resistance has produced conse-
quences glorious to ourselves.—our valour has tri-
umphed over every danger. Here there was full
proof that the measures adopted by the Court of
Madrid for tee pacification ef America, were the
least suited to the object prepreed, nevertheless we
refrained from making the solemn declaration of our
independence, in order to give the King time to rec-
tify his Councils. When it Was s.'en that his Majesty
insisted on leaving to us no other alternative than
that of the most shameful and abject humiliation, and
that he was resolved we should deliver ourselves up
as v::tints to Spanish vengeance, then it was that the ,
Sovereign Congress proclaimed by its memorable
Aet el the 9th July, 1e16,. the Licit emancipating of
these provinces."
Such is the solemn manifesto of the situation and
conduct of the irlabitants of south America with
regard to Spain, and we strongly recommend a pe-
ruse' of the sentiments therein contained to the present
partizans of mediation. At the close of the above
remar ks, it is stated, " that his Majesty (King FER-
DINAND VII.) insisted on leaving to the South Ame-
ricans no other alternative than that of the most
shameful and abject humiliation, and that he was
resolved they should deliver themselves up as victims
of Spanish vengeance." After more than 300 years
of degrading oppression, with the addition of fresh
and accumulated outrages and wrongs, it would
scarcely be supposed that 17 millions of people were
refused a heating ; yet such is the precise result of a
negocietion undertaken about the beginning of 1816
with King FERDINAND himself, through his Prime
Minister, Dan PEDRO CEVALLOS. The documents
relating to this affair are of the greatest importance,
land when laid betere the public will convince the!
world of the wisdom and prudence with which the I
Governmeet of the United Provinces of the Riverl
Plate have promoted and sustained the justice ot
their cause.—The following are extracts from the
Bulletins of
TIIF AVICiI.TARY ARMY OF PFRty.
i‘ 1-Tead gra? ten, Tucuman, from isth to the stst May.
" After the enemy abandoned the city of Salta.l
they were, as a natural consequence, compelled also i
to evacuate Jujuy. On the leth a regiment wit!.
two pieces of Artillery marched towards Cemedero,
but, repulsed by. Commandants Gorriti and Cone,
they were obliged to return to Jujuy with some loss.
On the following day they were again compelled to
retreat, under cover cf the guns of the place, leaving
behind them much baggage and many cattle. The
divisions which had taken the upper road carried
off with them eleven loads of killed and wounded—
were closely pursued by the intrepid Major Ropes,'
without our baiing sustained any other loss than that
Jose
nsequconsequence
of
the above,
the few cattle
al of Captain Mariano Morales, five Gauchos wounded,
and one killed.
they
yar
had
aaaldisno
stolen.Jua compelled n
I n G
themY to abandonen
eehe bhis
unexampled y is
i'nexainopecleeitvalu
e hnd the teestance they met with from
Lieutenant• Colonel Arias at Tilcara, the hospital,
'and many families who had left Jujuy were forced to
return. On the 22d, the whole army having evacuated
the place. it was immediately taken.posseesion.of by
Con mandant Jose Frco. Gorriti, with an order that
would have been extolled in the most disciplined
troops ; thus proving that these valiant soldiers only
fight for the liberty of the country.
et To the !IN the enemy had no retreated'more.

?!:an tl tee leagues sal a half, a rroutded c:
by the heroes who defend their native !nil,
compelled to burn their tents,
a►:d other necessary Implements nt r, or.;
al erevrith to carry than off, hav;ng lost
b tggap,e, besides many men.
0.1 the 29th, they followed up their
Tumbay a, burring every thing in their
pursued by Majors Rusts And Saravia,
reinforced by the division of the C..mim.::!
tans, caused them such losi, that the
compelled to halt their army and charge
wi.ich nor party raired, wilt the loss

istiso,.r!-, and one infernal wocnded. T..
corporals and solders f_,t the enemy passeJ
tovetnet wit!: those who came I,,eet•
the day Frevious, makes the number eighty.i
of them Spaniards.
" Their vanguard has not suffered la's,s;
!elant•Colonel M. Einario Arias inf. ams
'hesiJes their killed and woundtd, he has talc;
or.e prisoners, with their arms, eighty he.{
den, and a number of noses.

" FR AM7I,C.) DELA

Lr.TTFP. Mr.( ins FITELLENCY THE srPnoit
AND OM NJ N DLit 1X CHIEF OF THE ;01.:Tilki
T I llt LACELLENCV 1111.. DELEGATE.

" Hcad-cparters, Concrrion,

'f!,e enemy are now circumscrib....l t
oila of Talcahu yip. The strong fortressel
the only place tin y liad besides, has E'en
the intrepid Liefatenatit-Colonel Rartras F:
his valiant divisiift, against every übst ree
and art, as you will see by the Report I h.
noun to accompany you.—Gun prctect,"
(Signed) 48 BERN A IiDO O.HI
F7CELLENCY lile SUPItrUE DIRECTna OF T 1
AND fiENCRAL IN dines' or TUC ARMY Oi Tt
" Fortress of Ammo, Mil
go Sin—Bein; in possession of Tort Col•
informed your Excellency co the 2Sils, I ;
my march, in order to come up with thee:
the roads were so bad, even tot !)(:!CTS,
only get to Laraquete; where I ioo,eriif-ei
heavy fall of rain, that I could sc..,rcely
for the arms. Couyinced that the troop.
well be on their march as in rich a place,
ing that the river Carampagne was only tin
distant, where the rebels had chosen their
determined tc puih forward. So it bpi
two hours after my departure, at half-past
I attacked him, leavinj part rf rry force
their fortresses. Although this mance:me
a firing of cannon and musketry till niE.,ll:
perienced no other misfortune than a draF.
one hand. The night e,ntinued ',trmy,
advantageous positions of the enemy co
taken without great boldness and intri.l
river being no where fordable; but I at lce
mined to pass at all risks, confiding in
tomed bravery of soldiers who prefer de
very. I changed my position, and left aat
under the command of Captain Francisco
attract their attention, while I attacked by
which I passed by swimming over, accost.
the brave officers Lino Ramirez de Arell,
Apostcl Martinez, Inc Cienfuegos, Jose M
and blanuel Rencoret, and the horse grena.
fifty freedmen on their croups, exposed to
their infantry and artillery. They eii;:ay.
their constant and qeick fire, to keep us
proaching the battery ; but our infantry
of cur position kept up so well-directed a
they were put to flight, leaving thirty de;
them. Being in possession of that post, the
of the infantry passed over, and at the dal
I pursued them without the least difficulty
in the morning I entered the fortress of
which was evacuated, because the flying e
barked themselves, without attending to t
artillery, stores, and ammunition, as your
will perceive by the annexed list. Our los
sis;s of two soldiers of the seventh regiment
poral, and one soldier of the horse gi.fna.
ten dragoons, who. I presume, were droot
passage of the river, to which must be a.
great lots of the officer D. 'Vicente Mut
enemy had thirty killed, sfteen wounded,
piiscners, and among the latter Brevet Li
Colonel Pascuel Villagran. I assure your E:
that the merit of the diiision under my
fur its constancy, enthusiasm, and valour,
of the highest recommendation, and I co:
you upon a triumph so important.— Gen pi
( Signed ) I‘ it AMON
(A true copy) n ZENTENO,
ARTILLERY, Su. TAKE), moat THE El
" Fortriss of Araueo, flab M
a Burets of G
Oranades.
100 lbs. of Wird
90 Muskets.
thsoo Matt MI
KO
2 Extra Gun C:

S Iron B•pounders.
2 Ditto 4 ditto.
4 Brass ditto.
400 11a11 Cartridges for Cannon.
400 Crape•sbot Cartridges.
300 Cartridges witisoct
130 Loose 13:14.

The /‘' T.:. York Gazette of the 51 instant
intercepted Spanish Dispatches respecting I
a little party of Patriots under a North .
named PERRY, of which we before had ai
The subjoined letters sufficiently detail th(
of these dispztches :

" RED MLR INDIAN AGENCY,

ACIOT °CUES, AUGUaT
GENTLES'EN—Herewith I
ill
dr...ft jou-copies of.
Disratehee, whi.:ll were &livered to oi.e of our tra2tri
Corr.ruipsbe hilat.s, who state that they Wed ttit

:barn between St. Antonio de Bizet and Labable. These
[arches 6ve an account, in detail, of the trefoil-pa,- fate of the
i.vall! Colo: el Pere and Major Gordon (late a I. utenant in
re .Cn red .rata Rine Corps), airs! forty-two A Mericans, a' the
c,.,euens, the vicin ty or Labahie; also 111 of HO) A A
t• ~.•r 1,.e command of General Aredondo, an.l the fiJ C.,
d by Genesi Mina, as and in the vicinity of Soto la Ni j•
the Patti° s have sustained a urea. 1,,.s
tf., ot slit fort a! Soto la Marina (whieb contained all their
err ninnition9, arnd inetwithstaneling the ft oyalios claim a great
„._,,ey ever !Mira, he (Mina) is purse'.: z she object of hii can:.
wiles the enemy is sending back fir re re orcemems ;
..17: al/ penetrated as far as Espevdee Santo. and in a few
er, neArc will effect a junction with General Vittorio. Thi-
c; is very much itringthened by :he fact or his ben already
;• s I,:k .e-riesl country of trien,!, to the Repubbcan cause
• rbi;veleti of ilie document relive sto the f ill of Co.
retry aid lya detac•• omit, will i:.1".,rf0 their telcions and
iroet 4,f their fate, and at tli .*ire time it may afford them
• vti-o),e ion to know, they in the cause of freedom.—
1 'l7,e the :colour to he, respictfully, your obedient servant,
(ligned) " JOIN JAMJSON, had. Agent."
IV;tIACT f-T A LETTER FILO DR. .1011 N SIBLEY TO DU.
2 u H, EOBINSOE, or Tins CITY, DATED NATCIII-
-74:11E,, AuutitiT 27.

~L;er myle.t, the Spanish intercepted dispambes, taken by
.e Lbdrn Inehans, who ►illed the two Spaniards bearing them,
6r Rmt st. mauve and labalei:, have bun more fully eza•
grind They maka• i; certain, that Petry a.tel his party were at-
tacked weer the two eaupet.s in the vie 'thy of Labadir, on the
met:till of the 19th of June, by more than i;00 `tiattiards; and
the ft suk was, that atter a desruate Bghr, twen psi: of Perry's
pay mete Intled, and fourteen made prisoners, twelve of them
he s, verely wounded; and that Perry and Gordon were among
tlekii,rd. No usher .names were mentiort.l, except the :he
4.4134 .inmantliog 01145er was severely wounded. It appears
hem a I...i.,graph in a hitter, that Vert, was detached to escort
Geer: Donau° to Gm ertz, whose presence In St. Antlero and
sr. it,etost was greatly desired. Arrethindo, atter a siege
sius pi. mien days, rook by eapisula.ion the little fort of sotto
h ?Arica, in which was Major Pierre, of New (Mean., and the
~; Viler, who were with the other principal officers

tiv. towards Mitten
Tiisy state, that in the fort were WO men, mostly inhabi-
t tr.ts, nho ha.l j ~oed Mma and that Mina was overtaken I a
eistant by an arms of SONO Royalists, 600 • I where
c«valry Mina's force were tram tlOO to 1010: he re-
Viloi them with 'teat gallantry. The royal cavalry charged
4,71 Lis imatitty, wSo stood firm and threw the cavalry into
r:!rr, who tell back upon their own infantry and contused
e :;hnx. the cavalry could not he rathel =gain Mina pro-
to ny Men bat %lawn', an I by their own arc••unt ...estroyed 800
• them. I hey retreated, and Mina pursued hi. route towards
reel leke, where some Patriots are strongly fortified, under
. • cnnimand of an ex-Priest. Arredosido was unable to imr-
him.

N Mr. Davenport received 'a km r front Captain Mayan,
i:ver. in Aitakapas, rating this i,. :ad ri:coved Lint mat ion
r,,:n N:txico contradictutg the accowite trt...gir to New Orleans
y C•Jloitcl Bean, aud et the c metal hi• *Pei sap: 6 I have this
vl..leit received accounts by a prams in tour days from Galvex-
. • ..•11, stating tint General Mina hail been very successful, and
~.i beatt.n di retiondo in two important battles; and that he was
..;tt .etlirg I.ff for New Orli am, to attempt again what be had
itf:ie..• just ready to execute, when Colonel Bean arrived and
::a: ht :;.e di-cum:ging news from the vicinity of Mexico, which
Tft :Fr ars not to have been true."
In addition to the foregoing we have to add, that
vicet. tom New Orleans, of the Ist of September,
:Infirm toe accounts previously received, by way of
aim, of the continued success of General MINA
the Mexican territories. It is certain that he bad
tolerated as far as St. Louis tie Potosi. Hit fourth
Olean is said to have been dated from that place,
t its contents have not been transmitted. He had
taped General VicrontA previous to his advance
epon St. Louis, having defeated the Spaniards in a
ard-fought action, which they harirded in order to
tirevrnt that junction. About 800 of the Royal
troops bad deserted to Lis standard in a body.

In two Papers of yesterddy evening an article ap-
!ared under the head of “ Further Particulars of the

ril
e treasonable plots." If these particulars can be
relied on, what good reason can be assigned for their
ant having been proved upon the late trials ? Evi-
dence was certainly adduced sufficient to satisfy the
Public at large, as well .s the Jurymen, that the con-
victs at Derby committed various overt acts of High
Treason ; but it was not proved that their proceed-

'gs formed only a link in an extensive confederacy
for the purpose of a general insurrection. The trials
at. Derby involved not only a question between the
Crown and the culprits, but one also between the
Pudic and the Ministers of the Crown. It was ex-
pected, that such a case would be made eut as would
Live fu:ly supported the staten,ents in the Reports,
of d.c Parliamentary Secret Committees, and, Oi
course, have justified Ministers in calling for a pro.
aged suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act. These
Lint4rs seem to be aware that such a case was not
out, and, therefore, they now come forward
'tit their supplementary disclosures ; for the au-
thtntirity of wh:ch, however, the Public have' no
cher voucher than that they are well assured of it.
1® our opinion this conduct is indefensible. State.
rtif-tts of this kind, unsupported by evidence, can
vr.i7 produce evil.

_ steriay, acc,:acling to Annual custom, the LORD
MAYOR e'ect proceeded, a little after twelve o'clock,
hurn Guildhall, in the usual state, tothe house of the
Las CHANCELLOR, in Bedford-.quart. The LORD
Mayon elect was introduced by the RECORDER to the
l'OaD CHANCELLOR, who intimated to him the PRINCE
k.k.zr:NT's approbation of the choice made by the
trt:zetts of London in their election of Lot d yur for
lhe ye,rr ensuing. They tor.k some refreshment, and
returned. The Sheritri, with the City Remembrancer,
Proceeded in their state carriages to the west end at
the town, to invite the Foreign Ambassadoes,Cabinet
Ilinisters, the Officers of State and Houselond, the
Judges, and mho' persons of distinction, to the grand
ervic Entertainment to be rim at Guildhall on
Lord Mayor's Day.

THE ARM;

No reduction is to take place in the Adjutant and
Quarter-M•ster-Generd's Depattrnents, at the Horse
Guards, or i.. Dublin.

The Insmt-ct••rs ,if Army Clothing arc to remain as
formerly " the allnwancv I gl each per day.
Th.: 82 per day additinnal pay to the Deputy
Quarter-Master•General in the West Indies, has
again peen allowed in name of wairiage, and in con-
sequence of his having charge of the Barrack De•
partment.

Saturday the Western Regiment of Oxfordshire
Yeomanry Cavalry, comm inded by Lord CHvucn►t.r.,
finished their duty at Woodstock, %%lien the Duchess
(,f MARLIVIWIEGH presented a very handsome pair o
colours to the regiment, alter which they performed
numerous evolutions in a very fine stile. The ground
was kept by Captain BOWLEA Yeomanry Cavalry.
Saturday the Troop 1.1. Yeomanry, commanded 5y
CHARLES OLDFIELD Bow Les, Esq. of North A,ton,
finist•ed their s►x days' duty at Bicester. The Cap
taro pr•icuted the Serjeant•Major of the 10th Itcyal
Hussars to teach the new carbine exercise, a complete
knowledge of which the troop have now acquired.
Not a sin:4e person enrolled W4S absent during the
six days, and their steadiness in the field and quarters
would have done credit even to troops of the line.