The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1839-11-26 00:00:00

STATE OF TRADE.

PRESTON.—There has been, during the week, a rather bet-
ter inquiry after yarns, and at previous prices, more than the
usual business could be transacted. Goods have also been
in better demand, and for some descriptions an advance of
3d. per piece has been realized. On Thursday, however, in
Manchester, business relapsed into a state of almost com-
mercial inaction, and the purchases, at the commencement
of the week, were made on behalf of various speculators—
owing, no doubt, to a belief that, whatever betide the future
prices of cottons, or the continuation of the pressure for mo-
ney, yarns and manufactured goods cannot be reasonably
expected to fall lower than the present marketable value.
The spinners and manufacturers were never situated so in-
auspiciously as at the present; for whilst, within the last
month, cottons have made an advance, which although of a
temporary nature, of a full id. per lb., yarns and goods have
actually, within the same time, become more and more de-
pressed. Some six or more failures have occurred in the
neighbourhood of Manchester since last week, two of which
are somewhat considerable in extent and amount. One Joint
Stock Bank again figures as the almost solitary creditor.
The banks are still unsparingly pulling up, and the " screw,"
to use the American phrase, is tightened to the agony
point." The state of trade here must, we fear, undergo a
further " fitful fever" before a revival of any permanent kind
can come to pass.—Preston Chronicle.
HALIFAX.—Trade continues slack in this town beyond all
precedent. Yarns dull sale. Wools of most kinds are bet-
ter to buy.
HUDDERSFIELD.—Things go worse and worse ; and it is
difficult, indeed, to report correctly the state of trade here.
Were buyers to appear, there is no doubt but every descrip-
tion of cloth might be had decidedly lower. Never were
things in this district more completely stagnant, and, what
is worse, no prospect of immediate amendment.
LEEns.—lt is a difficult thing to convey an idea of the
stagnant state of things in our cloth halls this week, though
perhaps not worse than for the last fortnight. Until there
are some remittances from the United States, as well as some
speedy settlement about the late seizures in that country, to
say nothing of the momentary difficulties in which the coun-
try finds itself entangled, it were vain to hope for any amend-
ment. There has not been enough of business done to esta-
blish either a fall or otherwise in prices. Manufacturers
seem not to know how to proceed, and many talk of standing
still for the present. Our foreign merchants are literally do-
ing nothing.
BRADFORD, TurnusnAr.—There has been another very
dull piece market to-day ; but though dull, it does not affect
prices, they having, for some time past, been deemed at the
lowest point. The manufacturers, too, have for a long time
past regulated their productions by the sales, by which means
stocks are as light as they well can be.—Yarns: Spinners
continue to curtail the time of working, so as exactly to meet
the demand for their productions ; and though trade, so far
as extent of business is concerned, it is as dull as can be con-
ceived, yet, from there being no stocks of moment, prices are
as last stated.—Wool: Prices unaltered.

A cube of gold, of little more than five inches, on each
side, contains the value of 440,000 sterling.

THE ISLAND OF TRINIDAD.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ISLAND,'AND OF THE ADVANTAGES
TO BE DERIVED FROM EMIGRANTS TO THAT COLONY.

(From a New York paper.)
The island of Trinidad belongs to the British empire. It
lies only ten degrees north of the equator ; frost and snow
are consequently unknown, whilst the air is tempered by the
trade-winds, which blow regularly from the eastward. The
extreme heats of the coast of Africa or of the East Indies
are never experienced, the thermometer generally ranging
from 72 in the morning to 85 at noon ; being the ordinary
temperature of a mild summer at New York. Flowers are
always in blossom and trees always in leaf. Indian corn, of
which two crops can be raised in the year, sweet potatoes,
yams, plantains, and pumpkins, constitute the chief vege-
table food of the inhabitants. Rice also grows luxuriantly,
and yields abundantly ; and every description of garden stuffs,
such as cabbage, lettuces, beans, peas, cucumbers, tomatos,
and egg plants, can be raised easily at all times; all the fruits
of the tropics, oranges, lime, lemons, pine apples, melons,
guavas, pomegranates, bannas, sapadillas, avocade pears,
called sometimes vegetable butter, with innumerable others,
grow and produce with scarcely any eare or attention. The
spices of the east may soon be made a valuable article of
commerce by an industrious population. Cinnamon, cloves,
and nutmegs are found to thrive there luxuriantly. Of the
latter there is at present a stock of growing plants in the
botanical garden ready for distribution to any settlers who
may require them. The quality of the nutmegs has been
tested in Great Britain, and found to be equal to any brought
from the east. In four or five years the young plants begin
to bear, and require no more attention than an apple orchard
in this state. The soil of the island is in many places of
inexhaustible fertility : situated at the mouth of the great
river Oronoco, it consists principally of the alluvial deposit
of that mighty stream, and it is no uncommon practice among
the sugar planters to place their cattle-pens on the banks of
a rivulet for the purpose of casting in the manure, and
getting rid of it with the greater facility.
The island contains about 2400 square miles in surface, of
which not more than one-tenth has yet been granted. The
remainder belongs to government, and can be purchased by
settlers who require it ; in which case it is put up to public
sale and knocked down to the highest bidder. The usual
price of wild lands, in the most favourable situations, has not
exceeded two dollars an acre. It is invariably covered with
a thick forest of trees, some of which are very valuable as
dyewoods, and others of the most durable descriptions are
fit for buildings and mill-work, besides those which are
adapted for the ornamental work of the cabinet maker. With
the exception of one range of mountains, from 1200 to 2000
feet high on the nothern side, the surface of the island is
nearly level, but generally undulating, so that it is naturally
drained without trouble or expense. No part of it is encum-
bered with loose stones or rocks. Even the mountainous
range above mentioned is covered with a luxurious growth of
forest timber, and may be cultivated wtth cocoa, coffee, and
pimento to its very summit. It is the only British colony
which produces cocoa abundantly. The chocolate manufac-
tured from it is greatly superior to that of the Brazils, and
nearly equal to that of Carraccas. From the light labour
which its cultivation requires, and the cool shade of its beau-
tiful groves it has also been a favourite pursuit with indolent
Spaniards. Indigo grows everywhere as a wild weed ; but it
has never been cultivated, in consequence of the superior
profit derived from the cocoa and sugar estates.
An article which the island is capable of producing abun-
dantly, and of the finest quality, presents itself to the peculiar
attention of emigrants from these states—namely, tobacco.
A small quantity has been raised for many years by a few In-
dians composing a Spanish mission at Siparia, in the centre
of the island; it is used only for smoking, and has been
pronounced by competent judges to be equal, if not supe-
rior, in flavour to the best Principe or Havana cigars. The
Indians are too indolent to raise more than they require for
their own consumption, and the English planters are totally
ignorant of its growth and manufacture. The cultivation of
this article would seem to open a rich field of profit to enter-
prising men, and would require little or no capital to establish
it.

Among the many blessings conferred by a bountiful Pro-
vidence upon Trinidad, one of the most conspicuous is its
entire exemption from hurricanes and droughts. These two
dreadful scourges, with which the other British West India
islands are so frequently afflicted, are unknown in this fortu-
nate colony. Good water is consequently to be found every-
where, and the mountain streams are amongst the purest in
the world. While the surface of the island is thus well
watered, and naturally drained, the temperature is always
moderate.
The Gulph of Paria abounds with fish and turtle of the
finest quality ; and so numerous are the whales, that Chris-
topher Columbus named it "El Golfo de Balena"—the
Guiph of Whales. Only two small establishments have as
yet engaged in this valuable fishery.
On the eastern coast a belt of cocoa-nut trees, planted by
the bountiful hand of nature, cover the sea-shore for an in-
definite extent. One steam-engine has been erected for the
manufacture of cocoa-nut oil, and the refuse of the pulp of
the nuts is found to be an invaluable article for the fattening
of hogs and other stock, whilst the oil is a desirable article
in all parts of Europe and America. These nuts are to be
had only for the trouble of picking them ; are in qnantities
sufficient to supply a number of manufactories ; and would
alone afford profitable employment to a large population.
The great inducement, however, to an emigrant who wishes
to raise himself in the scale of society, is the political and
social advantages which the coloured inhabitants of Trinidad
enjoy over that of any other part of the world. Slavery has
been utterly and entirely extinguished therein by the British
government, and no exclusive privileges now elevate a white
man above his coloured brethren. A council of government,
Consisting of twelve gentlemen, in which white and coloured
are mingled, are appointed by the Queen to legislate for the
whole colony. Judges are also appointed and paid by the
Queen to administer justice cheaply, and, as it were, at every
man's door throughout all the rural districts. One of the
judges is at the present time a coloured gentleman, and more
will be appointed whenever they can be found qualified by
education for the office. A perfect equality, therefore, of
respectability and dignity is enjoyed by the coloured popu-
lation, not only by law, but socially and practically through-
out the colony.
All religious sects of every Christian denomination are
equally protected and supported by the government. No
tithes of any description are levied. The pastors of every
church receive moderate annual stipends from the colonial
treasury. There are at present in the colony nineteen
churches and eleven chapels, affording religious accommoda-
tion to 40,000 souls ; and whenever the inhabitants of any
district are in want of aid to build a church or chapel, the
government invariably grants from the colonial funds a sum
equal to that which the inhabitants may have raised by pri-
vate subscription. In proportion, therefore, to the increase
of the population will their religious wants be promptly and
satisfactorily supplied.
The number of public schools amount to seventy-six, at
all which children who attend are instructed gratuitously,
when their parents are unable to afford the expense. There
are, besides, several private schools, at which children of
all denominations are admitted. Great exertions have been
made latterly in the colony to furnish proper instruction to
the whole of the population, and the number of schools is
fast increasing, among which those of the Mico-charity stand
deservedly highest in public estimation.
Upon a review of the foregoing statement, it will easily be
perceived that the fine island of Trinidad holds out the high-
est encouragement to the industrious and enterprising emi-
grant. Labour and help of all kinds is at the present time
in the greatest demand by all the sugar planters. An able
and willing man can there easily earn, between sun-rise and
sun-set, by labour requiring no more skill nor toil than the
ordinary weeding and hoeing of corn in this country, one sil-
ver dollar, and these wages can be earned every day in the
year, except Sundays, as the moderate temperature of the
climate never interferes with agriculture• But it is not to
the mere labourer—to the individual who is content all his
life to earn his bread by the sweat of his brow, that this state-
ment is addressed. It is particularly intended for the man
of enterprise and ambition, who is determined to raise him-
self and family to a respectable station in society.
Let the reader only imagine'an individual deeply convinced
of the propriety of such a resolution, and the following is the
course of action he would be recommended to pursue. He
will shortly see advertised the name of a vessel engaged to
carry passengers to Trinidad. Let him then leave his name,
and the number, sex, and ages of his family who, intend to
accompany him, either at the office of the Coloured Ame-
rican," or with the agent of the colony of Trinidad, or at
other stations to be appointed in various other parts of the
country, and employ the time which will be allowed him pre-
vious to her sailing in winding up his affairs. On going on
board, he will require to take with him only the wearing ap-
parel necessary for himself and family during the passage.
Everything requisite for his and their maintenance whilst on
board will be provided for at the expense of the colony of
Trinidad. On his arrival there, the agent-general of emi-
grants will visit the passengers the moment the vessel drops
her anchor. The especial duty of this officer is first to as•
certain that all the passengers have been well and handsomely
treated whilst on board, in default of which the owners of the
vessel remain unpaid. Secondly, to inform those who have
money and wish to purchase land, how and where they can
procure it, and the best situation, and on the most reasonable
terms ; and then to assist those who are without money, in
pointing out without delay comfortable situations, so that no
man disposed to work shall be obliged to lay out a cent for
the maintenance of himself and family whilst in search of
employment. So great is the demand for help, that he will
probably have the choice of several situations. He can en-
gage himself to a sugar or a cocoa planter, who will readily
pay every able adult in his family, male or female, eight, ten,
or twelve, and even as high as sixteen dollars per month,
according to their respective abilities, and find them besides
in comfortable lodgings, food, and medical attendance. He
can contract for twelve, six, three, or only one month
if he pleases. But a sensible man will select a period
of twelve months, which will enable him to witness a whole
revolution of the seasons : to ascertain the periods to sow,
and the periods to reap ; to learn the best modes of cultiva-
tion, which vary something in every country ; and to accus-
tom himself to the climate. At the expiration of his contract,
if a prudent and temperate man, be will have the whole
amount of his wages to receive without ileduction from his
employer. This sum will then be at his disposal to invest
in land, of which he will find no difficulty to purchase the
best in excellent situations, disencumbered of wood, and
ready for cultivation, at five to ten dollars per acre. He
may either invest one-half of his earnings in the purchase of
land, reserving the remainder for the support of his family
until his crop is ripe ; or he may invest the whole, and by
his personal labour for two days in the week on any sugar
estate in the neighbourhood, whilst the other four are devo-
ted to his own little farm, maintain himself and family until
his own crop is ready for market.
The island of Trinidad is distant from New York about
2000 miles ; with a fair wind, therefore, the passage may be
easily made in twelve or fourteen days ; but three weeks ma:
be considered an average voyage without fear of disappoint
ment-

Independently of the ordinary opportunity by merchant-
ships, a British packet sails regularly every fortnight, from
thence to the island of St. Thomas ; and from the latter port
vessels are sailing to New York and other ports of the Uni-
ted States every week.
An emigrant, therefore, in Trinidad, would not find him-
self shut up in a distant part of the globe, in the midst of
barbarians ; but surrounded by a free, happy, and prosperous
population, could constantly correspond by letter with his
friends and relatives ; could safely and easily remit to them
money, by order of the colonial bank in Trinidad, on their
agents, Messrs. Maitland, Kennedy and Co., in this city ;
and whenever the fancy seized him, could as easily pay a sud-
den visit to his associates and the land of his birth.
New York, August 27, 1839.

RELIEF FOR DEBTORS.—To-day at twelve o'clock, and
every day next week, a great public meeting will be held in
Wall-street, for the purpose of seeking relief from the banks,
and to persuade them to suspend specie payments. These
meetings will be addressed by some highly respectable bank-
rupts, and other persons who soon expect to be so. Relief
must be had, or thousands will never he able to pay their
debts and keep their carriages also.—New York Morning
Herald.

GAMBLING AND SELF-MIIRDER.—On Thursday morning,
between seven and eight o'clock, as two men belonging to
colliers were rowing up the river, they observed a respectably
dressed man precipitate himself into the river, just before
they reached Greenwich whither they were going. They in-
stantly rowed to the spot, in the hopes of saving him, but
the body sank, and was carried away with the stream. One
of them, however, found a small slip of writing-paper float-
ing, on which was written, " I am an unfortunate man, who
has lost a splendid fortune and my last penny at the accursed
gambling h—s. I have not a friend in the world." He
was a tall man, and apparently about forty years of age.—
Morning Herald,

EXERCISE.—Tbe late Sir Walter- Farquhar, when pre-
cluded by age from going abroad, used to walk five miles a-
day in his house.—Curtis.
How TO ENFORCE SILENCE.—The officers of the Scotch
criminal courts create disturbance by calling " Silence !" to
the auditory. In Cork they manage the matter better : they
write " Silence" in large letters on a piece of pasteboard,
stick it into the cleft end of a long white rod, and wave it in
the face of any one whose voice is heard rising above a whis-
per. If this does not produce quiescence, the admonition is
enforced by a rap on the head with the rod.—Phrenological
Journal.
SPIRIT DRINKING.—The spirit shops in Glasgow amount-

ed, at the last census, to one in every ten houses throughou,
the city. The proportion is, of course, greater in the low
districts. The following is the amount of spirits consumed
in England, Ireland, and Scotland :
England. I Ireland. Scotland.
Population . . . 13,897,187 1 7,767,401 2,365,114
Gallons of Spirits....... 12,341,238 I 12,293,464 6,767,715
Thus it appears that the quantity of spirits annually consum-
ed in England is seven pints and one-ninth per head on the
population ; in Ireland, rather more than thirteen pints per
head ; and in Scotland, twenty-three pints per head ! When
the drunkards in Glasgow become too poor to satiate their
appetite for spirits, they now resort in a great measure to
laudanum, which, in an adulterated state, is consumed in
considerable quantities, and regularly sold by many of the
chemists.
&LA KSPEARE.—As there has been recently a renewed stir
respecting the renewed orthography and pronunciation of
the name of the bard, we cannot resist the inclination of
stating, upon the authority of Mr. Mathews, ten or twelve
years ago, that, in " the council book of the corporation of
Stratford, during the period that John Shakspeare, the poet's
father, was a member of the nunicipal body," the name oc-
curs 166 times, under fourteen different modes of orthogra-
phy, viz.:—
L. Shackesper
2. Shackespere
3. Shacksper . 4 10. Shakyspere .
4. Shackspere
5. Shakespere
6. Shaksper
7. Shakspare 5 14. Shaxspear
The spelling adopted by Heminge' and Condell, in the
first folio edition of the plays, is Shakespeare, which seems
to accord best with the family crest, a hand shaking a spear;
yet the bard himself, in his signature affixed to a deed of sale,
in 1613, wrote his name. Shakespere, and in his last signa-
ture to his will he wrote Shakspeare.—Literary Gazette.
PITT AND THE FRENCH SPY.—Shortly after the breaking
out of the French revolution, its advocates denounced our
premier as " an enemy to the human race ;" that man, " so
easy to live with," who sung the song about himself, called,
" Billy Pitt, the Tory." His secretary one day told him,
that a foreigner, who spoke English tolerably well, had twice
or thrice asked to see him ; but, not looking like a proper
applicant, had been sent away ; the great man's time being
too pieuiuub for him to admit every stranger, who, on frivo-
lous pretexts, might seek to gratify an idle curiosity. But
this person had said he should return in an hour_; the secre-
tary, therefore, thought it his duty to inform Mr. Pitt of
such intention, and ask his further orders in the affair.
" Have the goodness," said the minister, " to open the top
left-hand drawer in that cabinet, and bring me its contents."
These were a pair of pistols and a morocco case : opening the
latter, he produced a snuff-box, in which was set a portrait.
"Is that like our visitor ?" asked Mr. Pitt. "It is the
man, sir," answered the secretary. " Ha! I have expected
him for some days : he is sent over to assassinate me ; so,
when he calls again, let him be shown up." " Sir !" ex-
claimed the attached retainer, " will you expose to danger
your life, on which so much depends ?" " There will be no
danger, I thank you ; but you may be within call, if you
please." Accordingly the Frenchman, on his return, was
ushered into the room where William Pitt sat alone, a loaded
pistol in one hand, the miniature in the other. " Monsieur
Mehee de la Touche," he said, calmly, " you see I am, in
every way, prepared for you ; thanks to an agent employed
by this government. Attempt my life, and your own in-
stantly pays the forfeit : at best, I shall have you secured,
and given over to the law." The intended assassin stood
paralyzed and stricken dumb by this coolness. " But," con-
tinued Pitt, " there is another alternative ; personal safety
and high rewards are in your power. Sell your secret ser-
vices to Great Britain ; make your market of whatever in-
!brmation you can procure, that may guard us against the
machinations of your country ; be, in fact, one of the neces-
sary evils which policy forces us to use in desperate cases ;
do what no honourable man could do, to save yourself from
speedy death ; your conscience is stained by intended mur-
der. Comply, perforce, with these conditions, and you shall
be as liberally paid, as you must, by all parties, be justly des-
pised." The clever miscreant joyfully accepted these terms;
and, for many years, earned the bribes of a spy in our behalf.
—A Pinch of Snuff.
THE HARE.—The hare is one of the most extraordinary
animals in creation : of all quadrupeds the hare is the strongest
and fleetest, by comparison ; those who have never handled
a living hare can form no idea of her strength ; her powers
of progressive motion are better understood, because, cours-
ing being general throughout the kingdom, she is seen to
beat the greyhounds frequently, though not one-fourth of
their size. If hares were coursed by one greyhound, few
would be killed ; it may be justly remarked, that a hare
derives great advantage in the turn, but we have more than
once seen a hare (with only fair law) go straight away from a
couple of good greyhounds, and run them out of sight. A
hare which had been recognised for years in the township of
Latham (belonging to Lord Skelmersdale), and had grown
grey with age, beat' all the greyhounds brought against her,
and was not often turned. We saw her coursed repeatedly ;
once with two choice dogs selected for the purpose, and she
beat them ; she understood her game remarkably well ; it was
curiously interesting to observe how she manoeuvred to reach
a hill or rising ground ; and when she had thus succeeded,
it was surprising to observe how she strode away from her
pursuers, the intervening space increasing every stride ; her
extraordinary length behind giving her this decided advantage,
under such circumstances. Notwithstanding the strength
and speed of the hare, she is easily frightened out of her life.
The late Colonel Thornton rode down a hare on Newmarket
Heath in a few minutes for a wager. Coursing dates its
origin from the most remote antiquity. Arrian wrote his
thoughts upon it, A. D. 150 ; and that the ancient Gauls
were fond of the sport appears evident from what has been
handed down to us : but accounts transmitted through the
barbarous period of the dark ages should be received with
caution, at least in regard to detail ; for instance, we are told
that the hares " were frequently taken alive from the dogs,
and, after the greyhounds were taken up, were turned down
for future sport." We are of opinion a hare would he little
calculated for running, after having been in the sharp fierce
grip of the greyhound, even if it were only for a few seconds.
Xenophon, who lived three hundred and fifty years before
Christ, wrote, a treatise on the chase, which proves he was
intimately acquainted with hare bunting; and his observations
on the form of the hare, her manners and habits, scent, &c
are well worth perusal.—The Sportsman.