Star.
London, England, 1828-09-13 00:00:00

FROM THE LOWER DANUBE, AUGUST 25.

The journey of the Emperor Nicholas to Odessa has excited
some surprise, and not without reason, because it was unexpected.
On examination, however, it will seem very natural that, on ac-
count of the unforeseen obstinate resistance of the enemy, and the
necessity which there arose of besbging &burnish Varna, and the
fortresses on the Danube, it was judged necessary, above all things,
to increase the army, and that the Emperor thought it advisabie to
forward the arrival of the reinforcements by his presence at Odessa,
as the point from which the necessary orders might be the most
easily given. The Rus►ian armies are generally supposed abroad
to be much stronger than :bey in fact are, as was seen in the late
wars in France and Germany. Their numerous light troops were
more easily subsisted in those countries than in Turkey, where the
whole country, as they advance, is abandoned by the inhabitants,
with their cattle. and the roads broken up as much as possible. Alt
the Christian inhabitants are sent by the Turks further into the
country, and where a village has been left inhabited, it is converted
into a fortress. It is very fortunate that the artful policy of Prince
Mlloads has hindered the llosniaks from increasing the faeces co
the right wing of the Russians ; lee that after the Tads had main-
tained their position at Schumla, it only remained to invest their
army in tbat fortress.

The Turks bate carefully avoided making an attack on the main
positions of the Russians before Schumla, but the completion of
the blockade will oblige them to it ; meantime the Russian army
may be supplied for a long period with provisions from Wallachia,
which has not been laid waste, though the want of the possession
of Silistria is a great impediment, sod so long as the locusts keep
away, the draught ozen and the horses of the cavalry will no: suffer
much far want of fodder. Should the Turks have, as, it may be
Supposed, considerable magazines in Schumla, it is not likely that
that they will suffice for many months, and the besieged will pro-,
bably be sooner and more severely distressed than the besiegers.—
The perseverance of the Russians in atomism of difficulty is well
known. The Emperor Nicholas, certain of the valour of hie
troops, will not sacrifice them in useless attacks. and for the
present takes measures for the uninterrupted supply of all the
besieging corps. Fortunately the crops both of corn and hay
in the Dawn provinces have been abundant, and ample sup
plies may be purchased in Transylvania. It is true that the
supplying of large armies from a distance is attended with
difficulties, and the Euzine is a stormy sea; however, the
greatneu of the difficulties is met by the mean provided to over-'
come them. The great problem at Schumla is, that barracks and
provisions for the besiegers may not be wanting, and that the
number of the sick may not become too great; the obstinacy of the
East will then be obliged to yield to the perseverance of the North,
.and to superior military skill. Winter campaigns, besides, are by
no means suited to the Oriental nations; this alone will hinder the
levy en masse from affording very speedy results ; and as the lOU
of every fortress will depress the courage of the Turks. besides
this, the operations before Schumla may give to the Russian army
in Asia the advantage of meeting with less opposition on its long
march to Scutari along the sea coast, while the army in Europe la
advancing by way of Varna to Constantinople. The Turks have
not yet gained any victory—have not been able to destroy any
magazines—and the unfounded cries of victory raised in Constan-
tinople must soon be changed to lamentations. With all the fana-
ticism of the Turks, the Saban and his Government are unpopular,
and a general belief prevails among the people that Constantinople
will fall. After all these considerations, bow can It be supposed
possible that the Russian Cabinet will be deterred by diSsulties,
most of which may be certainly overcome by a judicious organize.
tion of the magazine department?—Nuremberg Clairmont &74 &
VIENNA, Sara. I.—Metalliques Bank Shuts 1p711.
Algenseuse Zeiiitteg. Sept. 6.

We have received this morning Lisboa Gazettes to the
ith inst. The following are extracts:

LISBON, San. 4.

The nomnfficial part of the Casette contain an article of Az
columns, in reply to the protest of the Marquis de it and
the Viscount Itabsyana, published in the English Papers et the
16th of August—

" The cause of the Portuguese nation, which was supplanted
since the death of Don John VI. by a faction, whose chiefs had
prepared duriag the lifetime of that Monarch, and effected on his
death, the subjection of the Portuguese people to a fudge Sove-
reign, could not be supported and defended so long as the legi.
timate heir to the Throne was not among u, since there was
danger that we might not possess him so soon; and, perhaps, we
might have possessed him sooner, had not the loyal Portuguese
who first attempted to proclaim him in 1S been ill ad.
vised, and perhaps deceived. At length the King found Massif
under the necessity of assuring Europe that he was coming
to govern us for his August Brother; but as his rights
and those of the Portuguese nation were laid down in the fan-
datnental laws of the monarchy, his Majesty, notwithstanding
any promises be had made, uuld neither alter them, nee
deprive the nation of the rights and privileges given to it ►y the
presumptive compact, and other laws relative to the Successor to
the Crown." The article then proceeds to Arm, that Des Pedro
having become a foreigner, by acccepting the throne of Brasil. Use
?Miguel was the only son of King John who retained the rights of a
Portuguese Prince; and he having returned to Portugal, had •
right to throw off a foreign yoke, and obey him who alone had a
right to the Crown.
Seer. s.—The Gnu* contains a list of Officers dismissed from

h Is:Majesty% service, fur having tales pan it► the relleilieg which
contoseeced at Oporto en the 18th of 'Cap.—Lilies Govan se rsh
September ischrsive.

We have received a file of the Madras Gazette, to t' e
18th of May : they are chiefly occupied with Europa.
news. The following is the only attract we have roofs
for to-day s_ _